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Rios-Escalante V, Perez-Barba JC, Espinel-Bermudez MC, Zavalza-Gomez AB, Arias-Merino ED, Zavala-Cerna MG, Sanchez-Garcia S, Trujillo X, Nava-Zavala AH. Effects of a Multicomponent Preventive Intervention in Women at Risk of Sarcopenia: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1191. [PMID: 38921304 PMCID: PMC11203817 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12121191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined by the presence of decreased skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functionality in older people. Multicomponent interventions represent an alternative to non-pharmacological treatment for preventing disease progression. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a multicomponent intervention approach in women at risk of sarcopenia. METHODS A quasi-experimental pilot study of 12 weeks was conducted, with 24 sessions of dancing and resistance exercises and 12 sessions of nutritional education. The outcomes were changes in muscle mass, grip strength, gait speed, and body composition. The project was registered on Clinical Trials: NCT06038500 (14 September 2023). RESULTS Twelve women aged 55-75 years participated in this study; after the intervention, changes were found in the following variables: grip strength, from 18.70 (17.98-19.23) at baseline to 21.57 (20.67-23.16) kg (p = 0.002); gait speed, from 0.95 (0.81-1.18) at baseline to 1.34 (1.20-1.47) m/s (p = 0.003); and hip circumference, from 99.75 (94.75-110.37) at baseline to 97.65 (93.92-109.50) cm (p = 0.023). Other measurements that appeared without changes were appendicular skeletal muscle mass, from 21.17 (18.58-22.33) at baseline to 20.77 (18.31-22.39) kg (p = 0.875), and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index, from 8.64 (8.08-9.35) at baseline to 8.81 (7.91-9.38) kg/m2 (p = 0.875) after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The three-month multicomponent intervention in women at risk of sarcopenia improved their grip strength and gait speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Rios-Escalante
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (V.R.-E.); (E.D.A.-M.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28040, Colima, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Perez-Barba
- Hospital de Ginecologia y Obstetricia, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.C.P.-B.); (A.B.Z.-G.)
| | - Maria Claudia Espinel-Bermudez
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (V.R.-E.); (E.D.A.-M.)
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28040, Colima, Mexico
- Hospital de Ginecologia y Obstetricia, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.C.P.-B.); (A.B.Z.-G.)
- Unidad de Investigacion Biomedica 02, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Bertha Zavalza-Gomez
- Hospital de Ginecologia y Obstetricia, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico; (J.C.P.-B.); (A.B.Z.-G.)
| | - Elva Dolores Arias-Merino
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico; (V.R.-E.); (E.D.A.-M.)
| | - Maria G. Zavala-Cerna
- Unidad Academica Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Garcia
- Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Area Envejecimiento, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de Mexico 06720, Mexico;
| | - Xochitl Trujillo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomedicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima 28040, Colima, Mexico;
| | - Arnulfo Hernan Nava-Zavala
- Unidad de Investigacion Epidemiologica y en Servicios de Salud, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente Organo de Operación Administrativa Desconcentrada Jalisco, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara 44329, Jalisco, Mexico
- Programa Internacional de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico
- Departamento de Inmunologia y Reumatologia del Hospital General de Occidente, Secretaria de Salud Jalisco, Guadalajara 45170, Jalisco, Mexico
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Salvadori L, Paiella M, Castiglioni B, Belladonna ML, Manenti T, Ercolani C, Cornioli L, Clemente N, Scircoli A, Sardella R, Tensi L, Astolfi A, Barreca ML, Chiappalupi S, Gentili G, Bosetti M, Sorci G, Filigheddu N, Riuzzi F. Equisetum arvense standardized dried extract hinders age-related osteosarcopenia. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116517. [PMID: 38574619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-associated osteosarcopenia is an unresolved syndrome characterized by the concomitant loss of bone (osteopenia) and skeletal muscle (sarcopenia) tissues increasing falls, immobility, morbidity, and mortality. Unbalanced resorption of bone in the remodeling process and excessive protein breakdown, especially fast type II myosin heavy chain (MyHC-II) isoform and myofiber metabolic shift, are the leading causes of bone and muscle deterioration in the elderly, respectively. Equisetum arvense (EQ) is a plant traditionally recommended for many pathological conditions due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Thus, considering that a chronic low-grade inflammatory state predisposes to both osteoporosis and sarcopenia, we tested a standardized hydroalcoholic extract of EQ in in vitro models of muscle atrophy [C2C12 myotubes treated with proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα/IFNγ), excess glucocorticoids (dexamethasone), or the osteokine, receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)] and osteoclastogenesis (RAW 264.7 cells treated with RANKL). We found that EQ counteracted myotube atrophy, blunting the activity of several pathways depending on the applied stimulus, and reduced osteoclast formation and activity. By in silico target fishing, IKKB-dependent nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) inhibition emerges as a potential common mechanism underlying EQ's anti-atrophic effects. Consumption of EQ (500 mg/kg/day) by pre-geriatric C57BL/6 mice for 3 months translated into: i) maintenance of muscle mass and performance; ii) restrained myofiber oxidative shift; iii) slowed down age-related modifications in osteoporotic bone, significantly preserving trabecular connectivity density; iv) reduced muscle- and spleen-related inflammation. EQ can preserve muscle functionality and bone remodeling during aging, potentially valuable as a natural treatment for osteosarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Salvadori
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara 28100, Italy; Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Martina Paiella
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara 28100, Italy; Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Beatrice Castiglioni
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Luca Cornioli
- Laboratori Biokyma srl, Anghiari, Arezzo 52031, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara 28100, Italy
| | - Andrea Scircoli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara 28100, Italy; Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Roccaldo Sardella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Leonardo Tensi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | - Andrea Astolfi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy
| | | | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia 06132, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Giulia Gentili
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia 06132, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Michela Bosetti
- Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia 06132, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Filigheddu
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara 28100, Italy; Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), Perugia 06132, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy.
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Mahmoodi M, Shateri Z, Nouri M, Vali M, Nasimi N, Sohrabi Z, Dabbaghmanesh MH, Makhtoomi M. The association between healthy beverage index and sarcopenia in Iranian older adults: a case-control study. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:244. [PMID: 38468213 PMCID: PMC10929141 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a progressive disease with age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function. No study has investigated the association between healthy beverage index (HBI) and sarcopenia in older adults. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the association between HBI and sarcopenia in Iranian older adults. METHODS In the present case-control study, 80 sarcopenic and 80 non-sarcopenic participants matched in sex were included. Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Handgrip strength (HGS), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), and gait speed were utilized to confirm sarcopenia. Also, a food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate food intake. HBI score was calculated based on ten sub-components of the total beverages. Moreover, logistic regression was applied to assess the association between HBI and sarcopenia. RESULTS In the crude model, we observed no significant association between HBI and the odds of sarcopenia. Still, after adjusting the confounders, the odds of developing sarcopenia decreased significantly in the second and last tertiles (T) (T2- odds ratio (OR) = 0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01-0.25 and T3- OR = 0.10, 95% CI: 0.01-0.60). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that HBI is inversely related to the chance of sarcopenia. Therefore, to reduce the odds of sarcopenia, it is recommended to consume healthy drinks such as fruit juices and milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Mahmoodi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zainab Shateri
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mehran Nouri
- Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Nasimi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Sohrabi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maede Makhtoomi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Santangeli E, Abbati C, Chen R, Di Carlo A, Leoni S, Piscaglia F, Ferri S. Pathophysiological-Based Nutritional Interventions in Cirrhotic Patients with Sarcopenic Obesity: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:427. [PMID: 38337711 PMCID: PMC10857546 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, following the spread of obesity, metabolic dysfunction has come to represent the leading cause of liver disease. The classical clinical presentation of the cirrhotic patient has, therefore, greatly changed, with a dramatic increase in subjects who appear overweight or obese. Due to an obesogenic lifestyle (lack of physical activity and overall malnutrition, with an excess of caloric intake together with a deficit of proteins and micronutrients), these patients frequently develop a complex clinical condition defined as sarcopenic obesity (SO). The interplay between cirrhosis and SO lies in the sharing of multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, including malnutrition/malabsorption, chronic inflammation, hyperammonemia and insulin resistance. The presence of SO worsens the outcome of cirrhotic patients, affecting overall morbidity and mortality. International nutrition and liver diseases societies strongly agree on recommending the use of food as an integral part of the healing process in the comprehensive management of these patients, including a reduction in caloric intake, protein and micronutrient supplementation and sodium restriction. Based on the pathophysiological paths shared by cirrhosis and SO, this narrative review aims to highlight the nutritional interventions currently advocated by international guidelines, as well as to provide hints on the possible role of micronutrients and nutraceuticals in the treatment of this multifaceted clinical condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Santangeli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Chiara Abbati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Rusi Chen
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
| | - Alma Di Carlo
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Simona Leoni
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Fabio Piscaglia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (C.A.); (R.C.); (F.P.)
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Silvia Ferri
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergologic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.D.C.); (S.L.)
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Hou Y, Xiang J, Wang B, Duan S, Song R, Zhou W, Tan S, He B. Pathogenesis and comprehensive treatment strategies of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1263650. [PMID: 38260146 PMCID: PMC10801049 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1263650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and diabetes are two age-related diseases that are common in the elderly population, and have a serious effect on their general health and quality of life. Sarcopenia refers to the progressive loss of muscle mass, strength and function, whereas diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood sugar levels. The comorbidity of sarcopenia and diabetes is particularly concerning, as people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing sarcopenia due to the combination of insulin resistance, chronic inflammation and reduced physical activity. In contrast, sarcopenia destroyed blood sugar control and exacerbated the development of people with diabetes, leading to the occurrence of a variety of complications. Fortunately, there are a number of effective treatment strategies for sarcopenia in people with diabetes. Physical exercise and a balanced diet with enough protein and nutrients have been proved to enhance the muscular quality and strength of this population. Additionally, pharmacological therapies and lifestyle changes can optimize blood sugar control, which can prevent further muscle loss and improve overall health outcomes. This review aims to summarize the pathogenesis and comprehensive treatment strategies of sarcopenia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, which help healthcare professionals recognize their intimate connection and provide a new vision for the treatment of diabetes and its complications in this population. Through early identification and comprehensive treatment, it is possible to improve the muscle function and general quality of life of elderly with diabetes and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Hou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Xiang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shoufeng Duan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rouxuan Song
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binsheng He
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ren Y, Lu A, Wang B, Wang C. Nutritional Intervention Improves Muscle Mass and Physical Performance in the Elderly in the Community: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:70. [PMID: 38255685 PMCID: PMC10817341 DOI: 10.3390/life14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements have been extensively used as health interventions for the elderly. However, with the spread of COVID-19, no consensus exists on whether nutritional interventions could improve muscle mass and physical activity in community-dwelling older adults. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of different nutritional interventions on muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, and Cochrane databases from their founding dates to December 2023. The meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered, and the overall mean difference (MD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. There were 33 studies comprising 3579 elderly persons meeting the inclusion criteria. Comprehensive analysis suggested that the intervention effect of fat-free mass (FFM), appendix skeletal muscle mass (ASMM), handgrip strength (HGS), gait speed, and short physical performance battery (SPPB) score was higher in the nutritional supplement group than in the control group. The results of subgroup analysis demonstrated that protein supplementation (SMD = 0.82, p < 0.0001) had an optimal effect on ASMM (SMD = 0.89, p < 0.0001) and FFM (MD = 2.09, p < 0.0001) in the elderly. Vitamin D supplementation (SMD = 0.52, p < 0.0001) had a marginal effect on ASMM, and energy supplementation (SMD = 0.39, p = 0.0005) had the lowest effect. Moreover, nutritional interventions had the most significant impact on HGS (MD = 1.06, p < 0.0001) and TUG (MD = 0.14, p < 0.0001) in individuals aged 65-75 years old, with positive effects on FFM (MD = 1.62, p < 0.0001) and HGS (MD = 0.82, p < 0.0001) when compared to healthy elderly individuals, and had greater effect on ASMM (SMD = 0.69, p < 0.0001) than on the elderly with sarcopenia. Nutritional supplements can enhance muscle mass and physical performance in the elderly, while protein is recommended for muscle function. The golden period for implementing nutritional interventions to improve muscle function is before the age of 75 years. However, the impact of nutritional interventions varies with age and population. Given the limited evidence on nutritional interventions, more detailed and high-quality studies are highly warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cenyi Wang
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Sato Y, Yoshimura Y, Abe T, Nagano F, Matsumoto A. Hospital-associated sarcopenia and the preventive effect of high energy intake along with intensive rehabilitation in patients with acute stroke. Nutrition 2023; 116:112181. [PMID: 37678013 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hospital-associated sarcopenia is prevalent and associated with poor outcomes in acutely admitted patients. Prevention of developing sarcopenia during hospitalization is an important factor in stroke management. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether energy intake and rehabilitation duration contribute to the prevention of hospital-associated sarcopenia in patients with acute stroke. METHODS Patients with acute stroke were included in this study. Energy intake during the first week of hospitalization was classified as "high" or "low" based on the reported cutoff value. Rehabilitation time during hospitalization was classified as "intense" or "mild" based on the median. The four groups were compared based on the combinations of high or low energy intake and intense or mild rehabilitation. The primary outcome was the development of sarcopenia during hospitalization. The secondary outcome was the Functional Independence Measure motor item gain during hospitalization. Multivariate analysis was performed with the primary or secondary outcome as the dependent variable and the effect of each group on the outcome was examined. RESULTS A total of 112 participants (mean age = 70.6 y; 63 men) were included in the study. Multivariate analysis found that high × intense (odds ratio = 0.113; P = 0.041) was independently associated with the development of sarcopenia during hospitalization (i.e., hospital-related sarcopenia). High × intense (β = 0.395; P < 0.001) was independently associated with the gain of Functional Independence Measure motor items. CONCLUSIONS In patients with acute stroke, the combination of high energy intake and adequate rehabilitation time is associated with prevention of hospital-associated sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichi Sato
- Department of Rehabilitation, Uonuma Kikan Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshimura
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Uonuma Kikan Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Nagano
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Ayaka Matsumoto
- Center for Sarcopenia and Malnutrition Research, Kumamoto Rehabilitation Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
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Noh KW, Park S. Effects of resistance training and protein supplementation interventions on muscle volume and muscle function: sex differences in humans. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:15-25. [PMID: 38297472 PMCID: PMC10847829 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to identify differences in the effects of co-intervention with resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation according to sex and provide meaningful information for future research on the development of exercise programs to improve muscle volume and muscle function. METHODS PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched to identify clinical and nonclinical studies that assessed the effects of RT in older adults with sarcopenia; these studies were published between 1990 and 2023. Cross-sectional and double-blind studies (randomized controlled trials, RCTs) were examined in this review. RESULTS The effects of parallel intervention with RT and protein supplementation on muscle volume and physical function were found to differ according to sex. Both males and females had improvements in muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical function after RT and protein supplementation; however, many studies found a greater increase in muscle volume and function in males than in females. Such difference may be due to differences in physiological characteristics between males and females. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of this review, the effects of combined intervention with RT and protein supplementation on muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical function to differ according to sex. Owing to these sex differences in the response and physiological characteristics caused by the parallel intervention of RT and protein supplementation, such differences must be considered to maximize the effects of RT and protein supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Woong Noh
- Institute of Sports Medicine & Nutrition, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sok Park
- Institute of Sports Medicine & Nutrition, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Wu C, Suzuki K. The Effects of Flavonoids on Skeletal Muscle Mass, Muscle Function, and Physical Performance in Individuals with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:3897. [PMID: 37764681 PMCID: PMC10537400 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has become a significant obstacle to healthy aging in older adults. Flavonoids may contribute to treating sarcopenia, and attenuate the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical function, however, their benefits in sarcopenic individuals remain unclear. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of flavonoids on muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in adults with sarcopenia based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This review was conducted in conformity with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The article search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar for the period until June 2023. RCTs that assessed the effects of flavonoids/flavonoids combined with other supplementation/flavonoid-rich supplementations on skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in adults diagnosed with sarcopenia before intervention were included. From the 309 articles found, a total of 6 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. RCTs evaluated the main outcomes of tea catechins, epicatechin, and isoflavones intervention. Skeletal muscle mass significantly increased in three studies, muscle strength significantly elevated in two studies, and physical performance significantly improved in two studies. The majority of studies (five in six) found at least one of the main outcomes is elevated by flavonoids intervention. Flavonoids may have a great potential to treat sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wu
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
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Chen BY, Chen YZ, Shin SH, Jie CY, Chang ZL, Ding H, Yang H. Effect of a moderate-intensity comprehensive exercise program on body composition, muscle strength, and physical performance in elderly females with sarcopenia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18951. [PMID: 37600374 PMCID: PMC10432972 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed at examining an eight-week moderate-intensity comprehensive exercise training program on the parameters of sarcopenia in elderly females. Methods A total of 49 community-dwelling elderly females with sarcopenia (65.5 ± 2.5) were assigned randomly to an experiment group (EG, n = 25) and a control group (CG, n = 24). In the EG, an eight-week comprehensive exercise training program was implemented, in 1 h, 3 times per week, a total of 24 sessions. The CG only received health public education per two weeks, a total of 4 times. Subsequently, the differences between the two groups were tested through two-way repeated ANOVA. Results ASM, SMM, and SMI in the EG were significantly improved by 0.26 kg, 0.18 kg, and 0.10 kg/m2, respectively. Group-by-time interactions were significantly different on the ASM [F (1,47) = 6.25, η2 = 0.12] and SMI [F (1,47) = 6.77, η2 = 0.13]. Muscle strength was improved 0.8 kg in the EG. Significant group-by-time interaction differences were reported in the handgrip strength [F (1,47) = 6.8, η2 = 0.13] after the eight-week intervention. Compared with the baseline, gait speed was improved a 0.05 m/s and 5-time chair stand was decreased a 0.27 s in the EG. Group-by-time interactions were significantly different in 5-time chair stand [F (1, 47) = 6.35, η2 = 0.12]. Conclusions The moderate-intensity comprehensive exercise was confirmed as a safe and convenient exercise program. Although a load of training intensity is not sufficient to improve the gait speed, this exercise protocol is promising in delaying overall results in community-dwelling sarcopenia elderly females and contributes to the improvement of muscle mass, handgrip strength, and 5TCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-yuan Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Yuan-zhe Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - So-hee Shin
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Chun-yang Jie
- Department of Physical Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Zhi-liang Chang
- Department of Physical Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Physical Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Physical Education, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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11
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Zeng D, Ling XY, Fang ZL, Lu YF. Optimal exercise to improve physical ability and performance in older adults with sarcopenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 52:199-207. [PMID: 37400288 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to pool and analyze the effects of different forms of exercise on muscle strength (handgrip strength [HGS]), and physical performance (timed up and go test [TUGT], gait speed [GS] and chair stand test [CS]) in older adults with sarcopenia. METHODS The effect sizes of all studies retrieved and included by the four databases were analyzed using the network meta-analysis and expressed as standardized mean differences (SMD) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS Twenty studies were included in this study with 1347 older adults with sarcopenia. Compared with control and other intervention groups, resistance training (RT) improved HGS [SMD=3.8, 95% CI (1.3, 6.0), p<0.05] and TUGT [SMD = -1.99, 95% CI (-2.82, -1.16), p<0.05] significantly. comprehensive training (CT) [SMD = -2.04, 95% CI (-3.05, -1.06), Pp<0.05] and Comprehensive training under self-management (CT_SM) [SMD = -2.01, 95% CI (-3.24, -0.78), p<0.05] improved TUGT significantly. CONCLUSION In older adults with sarcopenia, RT could improve HGS and TUGT, CT and CT_SM could improve TUGT. There were no significant changes in CS and GS with any of the exercise training modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road, No. 48, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Ling
- School of Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road, No. 48, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zi-Long Fang
- School of Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road, No. 48, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yi-Fan Lu
- School of Sport Medicine and Physical Therapy, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road, No. 48, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; Key Laboratory of Sports Stress and Adaptation of General Administration of Sport, Beijing Sport University, Xinxi Road, No. 48, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China
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12
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Wang T, Xu H, Wu S, Guo Y, Zhao G, Wang D. Mechanisms Underlying the Effects of the Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG in Sarcopenia Prevention and Management. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37316469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is prevalent among the older population and severely affects human health. Tea catechins may benefit for skeletal muscle performance and protect against secondary sarcopenia. However, the mechanisms underlying their antisarcopenic effect are still not fully understood. Despite initial successes in animal and early clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major catechin of green tea, many challenges, problems, and unanswered questions remain. In this comprehensive review, we discuss the potential role and underlying mechanisms of EGCG in sarcopenia prevention and management. We thoroughly review the general biological activities and general effects of EGCG on skeletal muscle performance, EGCG's antisarcopenic mechanisms, and recent clinical evidence of the aforesaid effects and mechanisms. We also address safety issues and provide directions for future studies. The possible concerted actions of EGCG indicate the need for further studies on sarcopenia prevention and management in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 212000 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hong Xu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanxin Guo
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Guangshan Zhao
- College of Food Science & Technology, Henan Agricultural University, 450002 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212100 Zhenjiang, China
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13
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Jung UJ. Sarcopenic Obesity: Involvement of Oxidative Stress and Beneficial Role of Antioxidant Flavonoids. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051063. [PMID: 37237929 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, which refers to concurrent sarcopenia and obesity, is characterized by decreased muscle mass, strength, and performance along with abnormally excessive fat mass. Sarcopenic obesity has received considerable attention as a major health threat in older people. However, it has recently become a health problem in the general population. Sarcopenic obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome and other complications such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, liver disease, lung disease, renal disease, mental disease and functional disability. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is multifactorial and complicated, and it is caused by insulin resistance, inflammation, hormonal changes, decreased physical activity, poor diet and aging. Oxidative stress is a core mechanism underlying sarcopenic obesity. Some evidence indicates a protective role of antioxidant flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes the general characteristics and pathophysiology of sarcopenic obesity and focuses on the role of oxidative stress in sarcopenic obesity. The potential benefits of flavonoids in sarcopenic obesity have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un Ju Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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14
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Song Z, Pan T, Tong X, Yang Y, Zhang Z. The effects of nutritional supplementation on older sarcopenic individuals who engage in resistance training: a meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1109789. [PMID: 37181154 PMCID: PMC10167299 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1109789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Sarcopenia is a typical age-related disorder characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength, and physical function. Resistance training has a noticeable effect on sarcopenia, but there is no consensus on whether nutritional supplements can boost this effect. We conducted a meta-analysis of relevant literature to investigate the therapeutic effect of resistance training combined with nutrition intervention on sarcopenia compared with resistance training alone. Methods Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Sinomed, CNKI, VIP, and Wanfang Data were searched for relevant studies on resistance training combined with nutritional intervention for aging adults with sarcopenia. The retrieval period ranged from the inception of the databases to May 24, 2022. Literature screening and information extraction were performed by two researchers. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was adopted for literature quality evaluation and Stata 15.0 software for analysis. Results Twelve clinical trials were included, involving 713 older adults diagnosed with sarcopenia, of whom 361 were assigned to the experimental group and 352 to the control group. Compared with the control group, grip strength of the experimental group was substantially elevated [WMD = 1.87, 95% CI (0.01, 3.74), P = 0.049]. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that vitamin D and protein increased grip strength and gait speed. There were no significant improvement in grip strength and gait speed in the protein and vitamin D free subgroup. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrated that resistance training combined with additional nutritional supplementation, especially compound nutritional supplements that included protein and vitamin D, might further enhance grip strength rather than muscle mass in older adults with sarcopenia. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier: CRD42022346734.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixian Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Xu Tong
- Department of Internal Medicine, First Clinical College, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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15
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Hernández-Lepe MA, Miranda-Gil MI, Valbuena-Gregorio E, Olivas-Aguirre FJ. Exercise Programs Combined with Diet Supplementation Improve Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081998. [PMID: 37111217 PMCID: PMC10142564 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive and frequent syndrome among older adults highly related to physical inactivity and malnutrition. Nowadays, it is considered a pathology that triggers multiple health complications associated with the loss of muscle mass, strength, autonomy, and quality of life. The objective of the present systematic review was to evaluate the effect of exercise programs combined with dietary supplementation on body composition as the primary outcome. This systematic review was carried out in accordance with the elements considered for planning a systematic review by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), and the search was performed in the Scopus, EBSCO, and PubMed databases for the last 10 years. A total of 16 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review. Regular resistance exercise together with daily essential amino acids or whey protein and vitamin D supplementation improve the maintenance or gains in appendiceal/skeletal muscle mass and total lean mass in sarcopenic older adults. The data suggest a synergistic effect not only on the primary outcome, but also on other variables such as strength, speed, stability, and other indicators of quality of life. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO, ID: CRD42022344284.
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16
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Martín-Del-Campo F, Avesani CM, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B, Cueto-Manzano AM, Cortés-Sanabria L. Gut microbiota disturbances and protein-energy wasting in chronic kidney disease: a narrative review. J Nephrol 2023; 36:873-883. [PMID: 36689170 PMCID: PMC9869315 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-022-01560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein-energy wasting (PEW) is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and lower quality of life. It is a complex syndrome, in which inflammation and retention of uremic toxins are two main factors. Causes of inflammation and uremic toxin retention in CKD are multiple; however, gut dysbiosis plays an important role, serving as a link between those entities and PEW. Besides, there are several pathways by which microbiota may influence PEW, e.g., through effects on appetite mediated by microbiota-derived proteins and hormonal changes, or by impacting skeletal muscle via a gut-muscle axis. Hence, microbiota disturbances may influence PEW independently of its relationship with local and systemic inflammation. A better understanding of the complex interrelationships between microbiota and the host may help to explain how changes in the gut affect distant organs and systems of the body and could potentially lead to the development of new strategies targeting the microbiota to improve nutrition and clinical outcomes in CKD patients. In this review, we describe possible interactions of gut microbiota with nutrient metabolism, energy balance, hunger/satiety signals and muscle depletion, all of which are strongly related to PEW in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Martín-Del-Campo
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Renales, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carla Maria Avesani
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, M99 Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, M99 Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, M99 Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Alfonso M Cueto-Manzano
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Renales, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Laura Cortés-Sanabria
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Renales, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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17
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Liao X, Shen J, Li M. Effects of multi-domain intervention on intrinsic capacity in older adults: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Exp Gerontol 2023; 174:112112. [PMID: 36736466 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsic capacity is central to the maintenance of function in older adults, and maintaining optimal intrinsic capacity is of great importance to promote healthy aging. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to analyze the impact of multi-domain interventions on intrinsic capacity in older adults, intervention components, and potential interactions between components. A total of 6740 published articles were screened until August 2022, and the review included 25 randomized controlled trials that analyzed populations, interventions, control groups, and outcomes. The meta-analysis showed improvements in the primary outcome indicators in the intervention group compared to the control group. These included increased scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination as an indicator of cognitive function, decreased scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) as an indicator of psychological ability and increased scores on the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) as an indicator of physical performance, with only the SPPB indicator analyzed showing greater heterogeneity. Significant improvements were also seen in the secondary indicators Time-to-Walk Test (TUG), gait speed, Chair Stand Test (CST), grip strength values and BMI. There was insufficient data for the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) as an indicator of vitality to conduct a meta-analysis. Studies were of moderate to high quality. The results of this review indicate that multi-domain interventions can maintain the level of intrinsic capacity in older adults and are equally effective in older adults with declining self-care abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liao
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong district, #1 Youyi road, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong district, #1 Youyi road, Chongqing 400014, China.
| | - Miao Li
- Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong district, #1 Youyi road, Chongqing 400014, China
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18
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Tokuda Y, Mori H. Essential Amino Acid and Tea Catechin Supplementation after Resistance Exercise Improves Skeletal Muscle Mass in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: An Open-Label, Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023; 42:255-262. [PMID: 35512762 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2022.2025546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Tea catechins (TCCs) have gained significant attention owing to their health effects. However, evidence is limited regarding the benefit of TCC and essential amino acids (EAAs) ingestion plus that of TCC ingestion after resistance exercise (RE) among older individuals with sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate whether a 24-week nutritional program involving EAA and TCC supplementation after RE improved skeletal muscle mass (SMM) among older adults with sarcopenia. METHODS We conducted an open-label, pilot, randomized controlled trial among older adults with sarcopenia at the Harima Care Center or community in Hyogo, Japan. Participants were allocated to RE (n = 18), RE with EAA supplementation (RE + EAA, n = 18), or RE with EAA and TCC supplementation (RE + EAA + TCC, n = 18) groups. Sarcopenia was defined using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria. A 24-week resistance exercise program was carried out twice weekly, with an intake of 3,000 mg and 540 mg of EAA and TCC supplements, respectively. SMM was the primary outcome parameter. The mean adherence rate to exercise and supplementation intake over the 24-week intervention period was 86.8% in the RE + EAA + TCC group, 86.4% in the RE + EAA group, and 85.4% in the RE group. A significant group-by-time interaction was identified for SMM (p = 0.010). The pre- to post-intervention increase in SMM was significantly higher in the RE + EAA + TCC group than in the RE group (p = 0.010). These results suggest that supplementation with EAA and TCC after RE, compared to RE only, improves SMM in older people with sarcopenia. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of TCC supplementation on SMM in older people with sarcopenia. Supplemental data for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2022.2025546.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Tokuda
- Hyogo Locomotion-senior-tera-koya, General Incorporated Association, Akashi-City, Hyogo-Prefecture, Japan.,Department of Health Science, Hyogo University, Kakogawa-City, Hyogo-Prefecture, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Mori
- Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima-City, Tokushima-Prefecture, Japan
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Rasaei N, Ghaffarian-Ensaf R, Gholami F, Shiraseb F, Khadem A, Fatemi SF, Mirzaei K. The association between healthy beverage index and sarcopenic obesity among women with overweight and obesity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2023; 23:25. [PMID: 36717830 PMCID: PMC9887919 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-023-01274-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenic obesity is related to changes in body composition, loss of muscle mass, and raised adipose tissue. Beverage patterns are effective with changes in health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between sarcopenic obesity (SO) and the healthy beverage index (HBI) in women with overweight and obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study conducted on 210 overweight and obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m2) women aged 18-56 years. The measurement of skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat mass (FM) done by bioelectric impedance analyzer (BIA) (Inbody Co., Seoul, Korea) based on guidelines. The two lowest quintiles SMM and the two highest quintiles FM and body mass index (BMI) ≥30 are considered sarcopenic obesity in women. A validated and reliable semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate the beverage dietary data. and RFS and NRFS was calculated. Biochemical assessments were quantified by standard approaches, and physical activity were evaluated by international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULT In this cross-sectional study, 210 overweight and obese females took part (18-56) years old). The studies were carried out using binary logistic regression. After controlling for a wide variety of confounding variables such as age, energy intake, physical activity, education, and economic status, we found a negative association between HBI and risk of SO (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.35 to 1.01, P = 0.05). CONCLUSION We observed that the odds of SO was reduced by 69% in participants with higher HBI score. More well-designed studies need to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khadem
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Fatemeh Fatemi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box:14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Improvement of memory function via a combination of exercise and soy peptide supplementation in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 30:100998. [PMID: 36124312 PMCID: PMC9482121 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soy peptide, when consumed as a functional food, has been reported to improve cognitive function. This study aimed to verify the combined effect of soy peptide supplementation and exercise on cognitive function among community-dwelling older adults in Japan. Methods In this population-based, non-blinded randomized controlled trial, 72 community-dwelling older adults who were independent in activities of daily living were randomly assigned to an "exercise plus nutrition" program (Ex + Nt group, n = 36) or an exercise program (Ex group, n = 36). For 3 months, both groups participated in an exercise and cognitive training regimen once per week, with the Ex + Nt group receiving soy supplementation once per week. Pre- and post-intervention measurements included grip strength, gait speed, skeletal muscle mass index, and scores on Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-Revised, trail-making test A, and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Participant enrollment for this study started in January 2019 and ended in April 2019. Results Exercise training increased the skeletal muscle mass index by 2.0% and 3.0% in the Ex + Nt and Ex groups, respectively. The Ex + Nt group exhibited a significant 0.3-point increase in the memory score. Conclusion A 3-month exercise program combined with soy peptide supplementation may be effective in improving both motor and memory function in community-dwelling older adults.
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Bagherniya M, Mahdavi A, Shokri-Mashhadi N, Banach M, Von Haehling S, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The beneficial therapeutic effects of plant-derived natural products for the treatment of sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2772-2790. [PMID: 35961944 PMCID: PMC9745475 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related muscle disorder typically associated with a poor quality of life. Its definition has evolved over time, and several underlying causes of sarcopenia in the elderly have been proposed. However, the exact mechanisms involved in sarcopenia, as well as effective treatments for this condition, are not fully understood. The purpose of this article was to conduct a comprehensive review of previous evidence regarding the definition, diagnosis, risk factors, and efficacy of plant-derived natural products for sarcopenia. The methodological approach for the current narrative review was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, as well as Google Scholar (up to March 2021) in order to satisfy our objectives. The substantial beneficial effects along with the safety of some plant-derived natural products including curcumin, resveratrol, catechin, soy protein, and ginseng on sarcopenia are reported in this review. Based on clinical studies, nutraceuticals and functional foods may have beneficial effects on physical performance, including handgrip and knee-extension strength, weight-lifting capacity, time or distance travelled before feeling fatigued, mitochondrial function, muscle fatigue, mean muscle fibre area, and total number of myonuclei. In preclinical studies, supplementation with herbs and natural bioactive compounds resulted in beneficial effects including increased plantaris mass, skeletal muscle mass and strength production, increased expression of anabolic factors myogenin, Myf5 and MyoD, enhanced mitochondrial capacity, and inhibition of muscle atrophy and sarcopenia. We found that several risk factors such as nutritional status, physical inactivity, inflammation, oxidative stress, endocrine system dysfunction, insulin resistance, history of chronic disease, mental health, and genetic factors are linked or associated with sarcopenia. The substantial beneficial effects of some nutraceuticals and functional foods on sarcopenia, including curcumin, resveratrol, catechin, soy protein, and ginseng, without any significant side effects, are reported in this review. Plant-derived natural products might have a beneficial effect on various components of sarcopenia. Nevertheless, due to limited human trials, the clinical benefits of plant-derived natural products remain inconclusive. It is suggested that comprehensive longitudinal clinical studies to better understand risk factors over time, as well as identifying a treatment strategy for sarcopenia that is based on its pathophysiology, be undertaken in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Anesthesia and Critical Care Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Atena Mahdavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Shokri-Mashhadi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona-Gora, Zielona-Gora, Poland
| | - Stephan Von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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22
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Zhao H, Cheng R, Song G, Teng J, Shen S, Fu X, Yan Y, Liu C. The Effect of Resistance Training on the Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15491. [PMID: 36497565 PMCID: PMC9739568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training is considered to be an efficient treatment for age-related sarcopenia and can improve muscle strength and quality in patients. However, there are currently no recommendations on resistance training parameters to improve muscle strength and quality in elderly patients with sarcopenia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and included 13 eligible RCTs. Resistance training significantly improved grip strength, gait speed, and skeletal muscle index in patients with age-related sarcopenia, and kettlebell was found to be the most effective modality. However, it is noteworthy that the elastic band is also a recommended form of resistance training considering that the kettlebell intervention was tested in only one study, while the elastic band was confirmed by multiple studies. Elastic band training (Hedges's g = 0.629, 95%CI = 0.090-1.168, p < 0.05) (40-60 min per session, more than three times per week for at least 12 weeks) was the most efficient training method. Thus, resistance training can significantly improve muscle strength and muscle quality in elderly patients with sarcopenia. In addition, moderate-intensity resistance training using elastic bands may be the best training prescription for elderly patients with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruihong Cheng
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ge Song
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Teng
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Xuancheng Fu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yan
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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23
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Combination of High Energy Intake and Intensive Rehabilitation Is Associated with the Most Favorable Functional Recovery in Acute Stroke Patients with Sarcopenia. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224740. [PMID: 36432427 PMCID: PMC9694182 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Energy intake and rehabilitation time individually contribute to the improvement of activities of daily living (ADL). This study aimed to investigate the additive effect of energy intake and rehabilitation time on ADL improvement in acute stroke patients with sarcopenia. The study included 140 patients (mean age 82.6 years, 67 men) with stroke. Energy intake during the first week of hospitalization was classified as “Sufficiency” or “Shortage” based on the reported cutoff value and rehabilitation time was classified as “Long” or “Short” based on the median. The study participants were categorized into four groups based on the combination of energy intake and rehabilitation time. The primary outcome was the gain of functional independence measure (FIM) motor during hospitalization. The secondary outcomes were length of stay and home discharge rates. Multivariate analysis was performed with primary/secondary outcomes as the dependent variable, and the effect of each group on the outcome was examined. Multivariate analysis showed that “long rehabilitation time and sufficient energy intake” (β = 0.391, p < 0.001) was independently associated with the gain of FIM motor items. The combination of high energy intake and sufficient rehabilitation time was associated with ADL improvement in acute stroke patients with sarcopenia.
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24
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Li Y, Liu Y, Tan R, Liu Y. Effect of flavonoids on skeletal muscle mass, strength and physical performance in middle-aged and older adults with or without Sarcopenia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1013449. [PMID: 36299989 PMCID: PMC9589257 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1013449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of flavonoids in regulating the synthesis and function of skeletal muscles is increasingly recognized. However, randomized controlled trials have yielded inconsistent results on the influence of flavonoids on human muscular parameters. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the possible effects of flavonoids on sarcopenia-related parameters in middle-aged and elderly people. Eligible literature and randomized controlled trials reports have been extensively searched from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases until April 2022. A total of 20 articles involving 796 participants were available for the meta-analysis. There were significant benefits for participants in appendicular muscle mass gain (SMD = 0.29; 95% CI: 0.07, 0.52; P = 0.01) and 6-min walk distance (SMD = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.73; P = 0.05). A subgroup analysis indicated that flavonoid significantly improves appendicular muscle mass (SMD = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.80; P < 0.01) and Timed-Up and Go test (SMD = −0.47; 95% CI: −0.85, −0.09; P = 0.02) in Sarcopenia population. Our results provide insight into the effects of flavonoids on skeletal muscle mass and gait speed for those without exercise. However, there was no significant improvement in the subjects' muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongshao Tan
- Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou Institute of Disease-Oriented Nutritional Research, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Yan Liu
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25
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Alghannam AF, Almasud AA, Alghnam SA, Alharbi DS, Aljubairi MS, Altalhi AS, Jan AM, Alothman SA. Prevalence of sarcopenia among Saudis and its association with lifestyle behaviors: Protocol for cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271672. [PMID: 35917305 PMCID: PMC9345358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia is an age-related muscular disease manifesting as a loss of muscle function and mass–leads to detrimental consequences at both individual and community levels. Modifiable lifestyle factors (such as physical behaviors and nutritional habits) may be involved in sarcopenia etiology. European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older Population (EWGOSP2) established a cut-off point for sarcopenia diagnosis based on the European population and they recommend the use of a regional normative population. However, no sufficient data on sarcopenia prevalence is presently available in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this project aims to define appropriate reference values from healthy Saudi young adults (Phase I) and to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in Saudi Arabia (Phase II) and examine selected modifiable lifestyle correlates of sarcopenia (Phase I, II). Methods The project will involve two phases. Phase I will include 1532 healthy Saudi young adults aged between 20–40 years. While, Phase II will include 1532 Saudi older adults aged ≥50 years. The study will measure vital signs, anthropometrics, muscle mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, muscle strength using handgrip strength and maximal isometric strength, physical function using short physical performance battery, and 6-minute walk test to measure aerobic endurance. To explore the associations between lifestyle behaviors with sarcopenia indices, physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep will be evaluated subjectively using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and objectively via ActivPAL accelerometers. A three-day dietary food record will also be used to evaluate dietary intake. Additionally, EuroQOL five-dimension questionnaire will be utilized to assess health-related quality of life. Discussion The study will have significant implications in recognizing the prevalence of sarcopenia in Saudi population, which will guide our future interventional studies aimed at early prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F. Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Alaa A. Almasud
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman A. Alghnam
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal S. Alharbi
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohanad S. Aljubairi
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa S. Altalhi
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azad M. Jan
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaima A. Alothman
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Besora-Moreno M, E L, R-M V, L T, A P, R S. Antioxidant-rich foods, antioxidant supplements, and sarcopenia in old-young adults ≥55 years old: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2308-2324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Wang H, Huang WY, Zhao Y. Efficacy of Exercise on Muscle Function and Physical Performance in Older Adults with Sarcopenia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19138212. [PMID: 35805870 PMCID: PMC9266336 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19138212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of exercise interventions on muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia. Randomized controlled studies assessing exercise effects on sarcopenia were searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, EBSCOhost, Scopus, EMBASE, and VIP and CNKI up to 31 March 2022. Data were expressed as weighted/standardized mean difference (MD/SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). I2 index was employed for heterogeneity. The initial search identified 5379 studies, and 23 studies involving 1252 participants met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. Results revealed that exercise interventions can significantly improve grip strength (MD = 2.38, 95%CI = 1.33–3.43), knee extension strength (SMD = 0.50, 95%CI = 0.36–0.64), muscle mass of lower extremities (MD = 0.28, 95%CI = 0.01–0.56), walking speed (SMD = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.49–1.27), and functional mobility (MD = −1.77, 95%CI = −2.11–−1.42) among older adults with sarcopenia. No significant exercise effects were found on fat-free muscle mass, appendicular muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass, and muscle mass of the upper extremities. The results of subgroup analysis indicated that both resistance training and multicomponent exercise could significantly increase the muscle strength, while aerobic exercise did not. The findings suggest that exercise intervention can effectively improve muscle function and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia, but has limited effects on the muscle mass of the upper extremities. In addition, it is highly recommended to apply group-based and supervised resistance training and multicomponent exercise in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia among the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haolin Wang
- School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Wendy Y. Huang
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR 00852, China;
| | - Yanan Zhao
- School of Sports Science and Physical Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-1885-1170-570
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28
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Buckinx F, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Sarcopenia in Menopausal Women: Current Perspectives. Int J Womens Health 2022; 14:805-819. [PMID: 35769543 PMCID: PMC9235827 DOI: 10.2147/ijwh.s340537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause is associated with hormonal changes, which could accelerate or lead to sarcopenia. Functional impairment and physical disability are the major consequences of sarcopenia. In order to hamper these negative health outcomes, it appears necessary to prevent and even treat sarcopenia, through healthy lifestyle changes including diet and regular physical activity or through hormonal replacement therapy when appropriate. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review will be 1) to present the prevalence of sarcopenia in postmenopausal women; 2) to address the risk factors related to sarcopenia in this specific population; and 3) to discuss how to manage sarcopenia among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Buckinx
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adapté, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal (Qc), Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal (Qc), Canada
| | - Mylène Aubertin-Leheudre
- Département des Sciences de l'Activité Physique, Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adapté, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal (Qc), Canada.,Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montréal (Qc), Canada
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29
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Xiang J, Du M, Wang H. Dietary Plant Extracts in Improving Skeletal Muscle Development and Metabolic Function. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2087669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhu Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Hanning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
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30
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Honaga K, Otaka Y, Kaji K, Sakata Y, Hamano H, Nakamura H, Kondo K. Effects of Citrus depressa Hayata Fruit Extract on Thigh Muscles Mass and Composition in Subacute Stroke Patients: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:391-398. [PMID: 35100035 PMCID: PMC9127834 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This pilot study evaluated the effects of Citrus depressa Hayata fruit extract (CFEx) on thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and composition in subacute stroke patients with hemiparesis who were undergoing rehabilitation. Design and Intervention: This double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot trial included 40 subacute stroke patients with moderate-to-severe hemiparesis, and they were randomly assigned to receive CFEx or placebo supplements for 12 weeks. The thigh muscle CSA was measured by computed tomography as total muscle area defined by Hounsfield units (HU) values of -29 to 150 HU. The total muscle area was divided into muscle area with fat infiltration and normal muscle area to evaluate muscle composition (-29 to 29 and 30 to 150 HU, respectively). Results: At baseline, the total muscle area and normal muscle area in the paretic thigh were lower than those in the nonparetic thigh. The nonparetic normal muscle area was significantly higher in the CFEx group than in the placebo group at 12 weeks, whereas the total muscle area was not different. Conclusions: The thigh muscle CSA and composition in the paretic side have already deteriorated in patients with moderate-to-severe hemiparesis at the subacute stroke stage. CFEx supplementation during rehabilitation might improve the nonparetic thigh muscle composition in subacute stroke patients. Findings of this study are needed to be verified by a large-scale randomized trial since this study was a pilot study with a small sample size. Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN ID: UMIN000012902).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Honaga
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Otaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kaji
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, National Higashisaitama Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakata
- Health Care and Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hamano
- Health Care and Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Nakamura
- Health Care and Nutritional Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kunitsugu Kondo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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31
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Munguía L, Ortiz M, González C, Portilla A, Meaney E, Villarreal F, Nájera N, Ceballos G. Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids on Skeletal Muscle Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Med Food 2022; 25:465-486. [PMID: 35394826 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SkM) is a highly dynamic tissue that responds to physiological adaptations or pathological conditions, and SkM mitochondria play a major role in bioenergetics, regulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis, pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance, and apoptosis. Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds with the ability to modulate molecular pathways implicated in the development of mitochondrial myopathy. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore its potential application in conditions such as aging, disuse, denervation, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. To evaluate preclinical and clinical effects of flavonoids on SkM structure and function. We performed a systematic review of published studies, with no date restrictions applied, using PubMed and Scopus. The following search terms were used: "flavonoids" OR "flavanols" OR "flavones" OR "anthocyanidins" OR "flavanones" OR "flavan-3-ols" OR "catechins" OR "epicatechin" OR "(-)-epicatechin" AND "skeletal muscle." The studies included in this review were preclinical studies, clinical trials, controlled clinical trials, and randomized-controlled trials that investigated the influence of flavonoids on SkM health. Three authors, independently, assessed trials for the review. Any disagreement was resolved by consensus. The use of flavonoids could be a potential tool for the prevention of muscle loss. Their effects on metabolism and on mitochondria function suggest their use as muscle regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levy Munguía
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Miguel Ortiz
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Cristian González
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Andrés Portilla
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Eduardo Meaney
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nayelli Nájera
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
| | - Guillermo Ceballos
- Higher School of Medicine, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, México
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32
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Gonçalves AC, Gaspar D, Flores-Félix JD, Falcão A, Alves G, Silva LR. Effects of Functional Phenolics Dietary Supplementation on Athletes' Performance and Recovery: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4652. [PMID: 35563043 PMCID: PMC9102074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, many efforts have been made to identify micronutrients or nutritional strategies capable of preventing, or at least, attenuating, exercise-induced muscle damage and oxidative stress, and improving athlete performance. The reason is that most exercises induce various changes in mitochondria and cellular cytosol that lead to the generation of reactive species and free radicals whose accumulation can be harmful to human health. Among them, supplementation with phenolic compounds seems to be a promising approach since their chemical structure, composed of catechol, pyrogallol, and methoxy groups, gives them remarkable health-promoting properties, such as the ability to suppress inflammatory processes, counteract oxidative damage, boost the immune system, and thus, reduce muscle soreness and accelerate recovery. Phenolic compounds have also already been shown to be effective in improving temporal performance and reducing psychological stress and fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize and discuss the current knowledge on the effects of dietary phenolics on physical performance and recovery in athletes and sports practitioners. Overall, the reports show that phenolics exert important benefits on exercise-induced muscle damage as well as play a biological/physiological role in improving physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Dário Gaspar
- Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal;
| | - José David Flores-Félix
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
| | - Luís R. Silva
- CICS-UBI—Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (J.D.F.-F.); (G.A.)
- CPIRN-UDI/IPG—Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources, Research Unit for Inland Development (UDI), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, 6300-559 Guarda, Portugal
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Ni HJ, Hsu TF, Chen LK, Chou HL, Tung HH, Chow LH, Chen YC. Effects of Exercise Programs in older adults with Muscle Wasting: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 99:104605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Negm AM, Lee J, Hamidian R, Jones CA, Khadaroo RG. Management of Sarcopenia: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2022; 23:707-714. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cheong MJ, Kang Y, Kim S, Kang HW. Systematic Review of Diagnostic Tools and Interventions for Sarcopenia. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020199. [PMID: 35206814 PMCID: PMC8871976 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of rare incurable diseases is important. Specific evaluation methods and standards for sarcopenia differ according to each sarcopenia-related medical association. This study aimed to identify the tools that are currently used to diagnose sarcopenia and to systematically review various interventions for sarcopenia. We intended to provide basic information to help establish standard diagnostic and therapeutic methods for sarcopenia. We collected and analyzed published journal articles, including gray literature and dissertations, from 11 domestic and international databases. The search terms were “sarcopenia/sarcopenic”, “combined (complex/circuit) exercise”, “resistance (muscle) exercise”, and “aerobic exercise”. The tools used for sarcopenia diagnosis were inconsistent across the studies. Circuit exercise combined with aerobic exercise and strength training was the most common intervention method, followed by strength training and aerobic exercise. We identified several diagnostic and evaluation criteria across the articles. Essentially, this systematic review confirms the importance of diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia and compares interventions. Hopefully, the criteria for the diagnosis and evaluation of sarcopenia will become clear in the future. In addition, the results of this study may provide basic information for rehabilitation treatment for rare and incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Joo Cheong
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Iksan 59338, Korea;
| | - Yeonseok Kang
- Department of Medical History, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Sungchul Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine & Inam Neuroscience Research Center, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo City 15865, Korea;
| | - Hyung Won Kang
- Rare Diseases Integrative Treatment Research Institute, Wonkwang University Jangheung Integrative Medical Hospital, Iksan 59338, Korea;
- Department of Neuropsychiatry of Korean Medicine & Inam Neuroscience Research Center, Wonkwang University Sanbon Hospital, Gunpo City 15865, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-390-2762; Fax: +82-31-390-2319
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Rodrigues F, Domingos C, Monteiro D, Morouço P. A Review on Aging, Sarcopenia, Falls, and Resistance Training in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:874. [PMID: 35055695 PMCID: PMC8775372 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As aging continues to grow in our society, sarcopenia and associated fall risk is considered a public health problem since falling is the third cause of chronic disability. Falls are negatively related to functionality and independence and positively associated with morbidity and mortality. The cost of treatment of secondary injuries related to falls is high. For example, one in ten fall incidents leads to bone fractures and several other comorbidities. As demonstrated by several experimental studies, adopting a more active lifestyle is critical for reducing the number of fall episodes and their consequences. Therefore, it is essential to debate the proven physical exercise methods to reduce falls and fall-related effects. Since muscle mass, muscle strength, bone density, and cartilage function may play significant roles in daily activities, resistance training may positively and significantly affect the elderly. This narrative review aimed to examine current evidence on existing resistance training using resistance machines and bodyweight or low-cost equipment for the elderly and how they are related to falls and fall-related consequences. We provide theoretical links between aging, sarcopenia, and falls linking to resistance training and offer practical suggestions to exercise professionals seeking to promote regular physical exercise to promote quality of life in this population. Exercise programs focusing on strength may significantly influence muscle mass and muscle strength, minimizing functional decline and risk of falling. Resistance training programs should be customized to each elderly according to age, sex, and other fundamental and individual aspects. This narrative review provides evidence to support recommendations for practical resistance training in the elderly related to intensity and volume. A properly designed resistance training program with adequate instructions and technique is safe for the elderly. It should include an individualized approach based on existing equipment (i.e., body weight, resistance machines). Existing literature shows that exercise performance towards 2-3 sets of 1-2 exercises per major muscle group, performing 5-8 repetitions or achieving intensities of 50-80% of 1RM, 2-3 times per week should be recommended, followed by training principles such as periodization and progression. Bearing this in mind, health and exercise professionals should combine efforts focusing on efficient strategies to reduce falls among the elderly and promote higher experiences of well-being at advanced stages in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Rodrigues
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (F.R.); (D.M.)
- Life Quality Research Center (CIEQV), 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal;
| | | | - Diogo Monteiro
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (F.R.); (D.M.)
- Research Center in Sports, Health and Human Development (CIDESD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Pedro Morouço
- ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal; (F.R.); (D.M.)
- Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology (ciTechCare), 2410-541 Leiria, Portugal
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Focus on Nutritional Aspects of Sarcopenia in Diabetes: Current Evidence and Remarks for Future Research. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020312. [PMID: 35057493 PMCID: PMC8781815 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has been defined as a progressive and generalized loss of muscle mass that can be observed after the age of 40 years, with a rate of deterioration of about 8% every ten years up to 70 years, and 15-25% thereafter [...].
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Tsekoura M, Billis E, Kastrinis A, Katsoulaki M, Fousekis K, Tsepis E, Konstantoudaki X, Gliatis J. The Effects of Exercise in Patients with Sarcopenia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1337:281-290. [PMID: 34972915 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78771-4_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different types of exercise interventions for treating sarcopenia compared to no specific treatment, a minimal intervention (e.g., education), or another active treatment (nutritional supplements). A review was conducted of the recent English literature searching PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review, presenting the results of 671 sarcopenic patients. The exercise interventions were resistance training (four studies), a multimodal program (five studies, encompassing resistance training and additional exercises such as aerobic exercises, flexibility, balance and strength training), and a whole body vibration program (one study). Results show that exercise interventions could have beneficial effects in improving muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in 3 months of intervention. Resistance training, added to an adequate nutrition and aerobic exercise, appeared to deliver the most positive outcome after 3 months of intervention. Types of exercise and dose-response parameters of exercise eliciting improvement warrant further investigation. Due to the significant heterogeneity in clinical trials, the current evidence provides limited guidance. Well-designed studies evaluating exercise interventions are needed before treatment guidelines can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tsekoura
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
| | - E Billis
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - A Kastrinis
- Scoliosis Spine Laser Clinic, Athens, Greece
| | | | - K Fousekis
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - E Tsepis
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Health Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | - J Gliatis
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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González-Rocha A, Mendez-Sanchez L, Ortíz-Rodríguez MA, Denova-Gutiérrez E. Effect Of Exercise on Muscle Mass, Fat Mass, Bone Mass, Muscular Strength and Physical Performance in Community Dwelling Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1421-1435. [PMID: 36186132 PMCID: PMC9466973 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The demographic transition makes it necessary to establish new recommendations about the components that are most affected by aging, such as: muscle mass, fat mass, bone mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Exercise has been identified as a factor that improves those conditions. The aim of this review is to synthetize and analyze the results of exercise interventions on muscle mass, fat mass, bone mass, strength and physical performance in community dwelling older adults (OA). A systematic search was carried out in eleven databases, using validated terms as “aged”, “exercise” and others. For the meta-analysis, we differentiated by type of exercise and outcome. Twenty-nine randomized clinical trials were obtained for the review and 24 clinical trials for meta-analysis. This study identified an increase of 1.0 kg (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.3 -1.7) in total muscle mass (TMM) and 0.4 kg (95%CI 0.0,0.7) in appendicular muscle mass (AMM); a decrease of -3.7 kg (95% CI -5.8, -1.5) in total fat mass and -3.7% (95%CI -5.8, -1.5) in fat percentage after the resistance exercise intervention by 2-3 times per week. A -3.0% (95%CI -4.6, -1.3) decrease was observed in fat percentage after the aerobic exercise intervention. The quality of the evidence was ranked from high to very low; the risk of bias most common was performance bias and other bias. This study suggests that resistance exercise is the intervention that shows a positive effect on muscle fat mass, and bone mass. More research is needed for other exercise interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra González-Rocha
- Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, México.
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México.
| | - Lucia Mendez-Sanchez
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez-UNAM, Ciudad de México, México.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Edgar Denova Gutiérrez. Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México. E-mail: , and Dr. Lucia Mendez-Sánchez. Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México, Ciudad de México, México. E-mail: .
| | | | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México.
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Edgar Denova Gutiérrez. Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México. E-mail: , and Dr. Lucia Mendez-Sánchez. Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiología Clínica, Hospital Infantil de México, Ciudad de México, México. E-mail: .
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Lu L, Mao L, Feng Y, Ainsworth BE, Liu Y, Chen N. Effects of different exercise training modes on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:708. [PMID: 34911483 PMCID: PMC8672633 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02642-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to clarify the effects of different exercise modes (resistance training [RT], whole body vibration training [WBVT], and mixed training [MT, resistance training combined with other exercises such as balance, endurance and aerobic training]) on muscle strength (knee extension strength [KES]) and physical performance (Timed Up and Go [TUG], gait speed [GS] and the Chair Stand [CS]) in older people with sarcopenia. METHOD All studies published from January 2010 to March 2021 on the effects of exercise training in older people with sarcopenia were retrieved from 6 electronic databases: Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database. Two researchers independently extracted and evaluated studies that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pooled analyses for pre- and post- outcome measurements were performed using Review Manager 5.4 with standardized mean differences (SMDs) and fixed-effect models. RESULT Twenty-six studies (25 randomized controlled trails [RCTs] and one non-randomized controlled trail) were included in this study with 1191 older people with sarcopenia (mean age 60.6 ± 2.3 to 89.5 ± 4.4). Compared with a control group, RT and MT significantly improved KES (RT, SMD = 1.36, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 0.71 to 2.02, p < 0.0001, I2 = 72%; MT, SMD = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.29 to 0.95, p = 0.0002, I2 = 56%) and GS (RT, SMD = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.97, p < 0.0001, I2 = 84%; MT, SMD = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.29 to 1.09, p = 0.008, I2 = 81%). WBVT showed no changes in KES (SMD = 0.65, 95% CI: - 0.02 to 1.31, p = 0.06, I2 = 80%) or GS (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI: - 0.15 to 0.39, p = 0.38, I2 = 0%). TUG times were significantly improved with all exercise training modes (SMD = -0.66, 95% CI: - 0.94 to - 0.38, p < 0.00001, I2 = 60%). There were no changes in CS times with any of the exercise training modes (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI: - 0.36 to 0.57, p = 0.65, I2 = 87%). CONCLUSIONS In older people with sarcopenia, KES and GS can be improved by RT and MT, but not by WBVT. All three training modes improved TUG times, but not improved CS times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqian Lu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, 202150, China
| | - Lin Mao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Feng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xinhua Hospital Chongming Branch, Shanghai, 202150, China.
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Samadi M, Khosravy T, Azadbakht L, Rezaei M, Mosafaghadir M, Kamari N, Bagheri A, Pasdar Y, Najafi F, Hamze B, Soleimani D. Major dietary patterns in relation to muscle strength status among middle-aged people: A cross-sectional study within the RaNCD cohort. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6672-6682. [PMID: 34925797 PMCID: PMC8645754 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Grip strength in midlife can predict physical disability in senior years. Recent evidence shows the critical role of nutritional status on muscle function. We aimed to elucidate whether adherence to a particular dietary pattern would be associated with abnormal muscle strength among middle-aged people. In this cross-sectional study, a semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess the dietary intake of 2781 participants in the Ravansar Non-Communicable Chronic Disease (RaNCD) cohort. Major dietary patterns from 28 main food groups were extracted using principal component analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the association between the tertiles of the major dietary patterns and muscle strength status. Two major dietary patterns were identified: the "mixed dietary pattern" that heavily loaded with fruits, vegetables, nuts, dairies, sweets, legumes, dried fruits, fish, red meat, butter, whole grains, natural juices, poultry, pickles, olive, industrial juice, egg, processed meat, and snacks and "unhealthy dietary pattern" that heavily loaded by fats, sugar, refined grains, soft drink, salt, organ meat, tea, and coffee. Adherence to the mixed dietary pattern (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.8-1.33, P for trend = 0.77) and the unhealthy dietary pattern (OR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.79-0.13, P for trend = 0.89) did not associate with abnormal muscle strength. This study suggests that the dietary pattern involving the consumption of healthy and unhealthy food does not have an effect on muscle strength in middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehnoosh Samadi
- Department of Nutritional SciencesSchool of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Department of Nutritional SciencesResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH)Health InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Tina Khosravy
- Department of Health and NutritionLorestan University of Medical ScienceLorestanIran
| | - Leila Azadbakht
- Department of Community NutritionSchool of Nutritional Sciences and DieteticsTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mansour Rezaei
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology DepartmentSchool of Public HealthKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Mohammad Mosafaghadir
- Department of Nutritional SciencesSchool of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Negin Kamari
- Department of Nutritional SciencesSchool of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Amir Bagheri
- Department of Nutritional SciencesResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH)Health InstituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Yahya Pasdar
- Department of Nutritional SciencesSchool of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Farid Najafi
- Department of EpidemiologyResearch Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH)Health instituteKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Behrouz Hamze
- Department of Public HealthKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
| | - Davood Soleimani
- Department of Nutritional SciencesSchool of Nutritional Sciences and Food TechnologyKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
- Research Center of Oils and FatsKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran
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Cristina NM, Lucia D. Nutrition and Healthy Aging: Prevention and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:4337. [PMID: 34959889 PMCID: PMC8706789 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional well-being is a fundamental aspect for the health, autonomy and, therefore, the quality of life of all people, but especially of the elderly. It is estimated that at least half of non-institutionalized elderly people need nutritional intervention to improve their health and that 85% have one or more chronic diseases that could improve with correct nutrition. Although prevalence estimates are highly variable, depending on the population considered and the tool used for its assessment, malnutrition in the elderly has been reported up to 50%. Older patients are particularly at risk of malnutrition, due to multiple etiopathogenetic factors which can lead to a reduction or utilization in the intake of nutrients, a progressive loss of functional autonomy with dependence on food, and psychological problems related to economic or social isolation, e.g., linked to poverty or loneliness. Changes in the aging gut involve the mechanical disintegration of food, gastrointestinal motor function, food transit, intestinal wall function, and chemical digestion of food. These alterations progressively lead to the reduced ability to supply the body with adequate levels of nutrients, with the consequent development of malnutrition. Furthermore, studies have shown that the quality of life is impaired both in gastrointestinal diseases, but especially in malnutrition. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of malnutrition in elderly people is necessary to promote the knowledge of age-related changes in appetite, food intake, homeostasis, and body composition in order to better develop effective prevention and intervention strategies to achieve healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neri Maria Cristina
- Division of Gastroenterology, Geriatric Institute Pio Albergo Trivulzio, 20146 Milan, Italy
| | - d’Alba Lucia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, San Camillo Forlanini Hospital, 00149 Rome, Italy;
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Effect of Home-Based Exercise Program on Physical Function and Balance in Older Adults With Sarcopenia: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study. J Aging Phys Act 2021; 29:1010-1017. [PMID: 34271551 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2020-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the prospective, randomized, controlled multicenter study, 100 patients who were clinically diagnosed with sarcopenia were assigned to either a home-based exercise group or a control group. The home-based training program included exercises with gradually increasing intensity comprising posture, stretching and upper- and lower-extremity muscle-strengthening exercises, balance and coordination exercises, and gait training. Before and 3 months after the exercise program, all the patients were evaluated. The 6-min walking test and Berg Balance Scale scores increased significantly after 3 months in the home-based exercise group compared with the controls. There was also a significant decrease in timed up and go test scores and a significant improvement in quality of life in the exercise group compared with the control group. Our findings indicated that a home-based exercise program can have a positive effect on physical function, balance, and quality of life in patients with sarcopenia.
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Kim H, Kojima N, Uchida R, Somekawa S, Inoue N, Kobayashi H, Osuka Y. The additive effects of exercise and essential amino acid on muscle mass and strength in community-dwelling older Japanese women with muscle mass decline, but not weakness and slowness: a randomized controlled and placebo trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1841-1852. [PMID: 32978751 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise and essential amino acid supplementation have been separately shown to improve muscle mass in elderly people, however, the combined, added effects of both interventions have yielded inconsistent results on muscle mass, strength, and physical function improvement. AIMS To investigate the additive effects of exercise and essential amino acid supplementation on muscle mass, strength, and walking ability in older Japanese women with muscle mass decline, but not weakness and slowness. METHODS One hundred thirty women over 65 years of age were defined as having muscle decline and randomly assigned into two groups; exercise and amino acid supplementation (n = 65) or exercise and placebo supplementation (n = 65). The exercise group attended a 60-min comprehensive training program once a week and were encouraged to perform a home-based exercise program. The amino acid or placebo group ingested a 3 g supplement daily for 3-month. Body composition was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Interview data and functional fitness measurements, such as muscle strength and walking ability were collected at baseline and after the 3-month intervention. RESULTS There were no significant group × time interactions in primary outcomes such as muscle mass and strength. However, interactions were observed in the degree of low back discomfort (P = 0.014). Percent change of low back discomfort was significantly greater in exercise + amino acid group compared with exercise + placebo group. CONCLUSIONS The combination of exercise and amino acid supplementation had a beneficial effect on low back discomfort. However, additional effects were not observed in primary outcomes including muscle mass and strength in this population.
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Seo H, Lee SH, Park Y, Lee HS, Hong JS, Lim CY, Kim DH, Park SS, Suh HJ, Hong KB. (-)-Epicatechin-Enriched Extract from Camellia sinensis Improves Regulation of Muscle Mass and Function: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1026. [PMID: 34202133 PMCID: PMC8300738 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age represents an important source of frailty and functional decline in the elderly. Antioxidants from botanical extracts have been shown to enhance the development, mass, and strength of skeletal muscle by influencing age-related cellular and molecular processes. Tannase-treated green tea extract contains high levels of the antioxidants (-)-epicatechin (EC) and gallic acid that may have therapeutic benefits for age-related muscle decline. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tannase-treated green tea extract on various muscle-related parameters, without concomitant exercise, in a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Administration of tannase-treated green tea extract (600 mg/day) for 12 weeks significantly increased isokinetic flexor muscle and handgrip strength in the treatment group compared with those in the placebo (control) group. In addition, the control group showed a significant decrease in arm muscle mass after 12 weeks, whereas no significant change was observed in the treatment group. Blood serum levels of follistatin, myostatin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and cortisol were analyzed, and the decrease in myostatin resulting from the administration of tannase-treated green tea extract was found to be related to the change in muscle mass and strength. In summary, oral administration of tannase-treated green tea extract containing antioxidants without concomitant exercise can improve muscle mass and strength and may have therapeutic benefits in age-related muscle function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeong Seo
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Korea; (S.-H.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
| | - Jeong Sup Hong
- Animal Center and Preclinical Evaluation Research Institute, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Korea;
| | - Cho Young Lim
- R&D Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyeon Kim
- R&D Center, BTC Corporation, Ansan 15588, Korea; (C.Y.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Hyung Joo Suh
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Department of Healthcare Sciences, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ki-Bae Hong
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
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46
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Zhang Y, Zou L, Chen ST, Bae JH, Kim DY, Liu X, Song W. Effects and Moderators of Exercise on Sarcopenic Components in Sarcopenic Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:649748. [PMID: 34095166 PMCID: PMC8169963 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.649748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is a muscle disease in loss of muscle strength, mass, and function associated with aging. Although protective effects of exercise on muscle mass and function are generally recognized, research findings in sarcopenic adults are inconsistent. It is necessary to conduct a systematic review to determine the effects of exercise on muscle strength, body composition, and physical performance in older adults with sarcopenia, and to examine the potential moderators including sociodemographic characteristics and exercise-related factors. Methods: Six electronical academic databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus) were used to retrieve the eligible studies from inception to May 2020. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted the data from each included study, and effect sizes were calculated by employing random-effect models with 95% confidential interval (CI). The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale was used to assess study quality. Results: Seventeen studies (985 participants with sarcopenia, aged 67.6–86 years) were included in this review study. The meta-analytic results showed significant improvements in muscle strength [grip strength, SMD = 0.30, 95% CI (0.15, 0.45), I2 = 6%, p < 0.01; knee extension, SMD = 0.32, 95% CI (0.15, 0.50), I2 = 0%, p < 0.01; and chair and stand, SMD = 0.56, 95% CI (0.30, 0.81), I2 = 36%, p < 0.01], in physical performance [timed up and go, SMD = 0.74, 95% CI (0.48, 1.00), I2 = 0%, p < 0.01; and gait speed, SMD = 0.59, 95% CI (0.35, 0.82), I2 = 62%, p < 0.01], and in body composition [skeletal muscle mass index, SMD = 0.37, 95% CI (0.15, 0.58), I2 = 16%, p < 0.01; and appendicular skeletal muscle, SMD = 0.31, 95% CI (0.13, 0.49), I2 = 20%, p < 0.01]. However, there were no significant differences in other body composition (SMD = 0.20–0.36). Additionally, meta-regression revealed that the higher percent of female participants was significantly associated with improved gait speed (β = 0.0096, p = 0.03) and decreased skeletal muscle mass index (β = −0.0092, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The current meta-analysis suggests that exercise is a beneficial therapy, which has protective effects for older adults with sarcopenia. Some beneficial effects may be moderated by gender and exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Zhang
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Physical Education Unit, School of Humanities and Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise Psychophysiology Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation and Mental, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si-Tong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jun Hyun Bae
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Young Kim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Chinese Traditional Regimen Exercise Intervention Research Center, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Institute of Sports Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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47
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Wu X, Al-Amin M, Zhao C, An F, Wang Y, Huang Q, Teng H, Song H. Catechinic acid, a natural polyphenol compound, extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans via mitophagy pathways. Food Funct 2021; 11:5621-5634. [PMID: 32530444 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00694g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Catechinic acid (CA), widely present in tea and fruits, has vital biological and pharmacological properties. CA plays an important role in the regulation of lifespan. However, the mechanism behind its anti-aging properties remains poorly characterized. In the present study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used as a model organism. It was found that CA induced mitophagy which prevented the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria with age and profoundly extended lifespan. Notably, CA significantly improved the fitness of aging worms, particularly the treatment slowed age-related decline in observed spontaneous movements. Furthermore, CA was found to eliminate dysfunctional mitochondria in the gut and muscle cells, and demonstrated that the lifespan-prolonging effects of CA can be attributed to mitophagy along with the likely regulation of the genes bec-1 and pink-1. The results of this study indicated that pharmacologically induced mitophagy has a profound impact on aging, providing a novel therapeutic intervention against aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Wu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mohammad Al-Amin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China. and Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China and Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fengping An
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yiwei Wang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Qun Huang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hui Teng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Hongbo Song
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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48
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Talar K, Hernández-Belmonte A, Vetrovsky T, Steffl M, Kałamacka E, Courel-Ibáñez J. Benefits of Resistance Training in Early and Late Stages of Frailty and Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1630. [PMID: 33921356 PMCID: PMC8070531 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10081630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and frailty are age-related syndromes with negative effects on the quality of life of older people and on public health costs. Although extensive research has been carried out on the effects of physical exercise and physical syndromes, there is a knowledge gap when it comes to the effect of resistance training on muscular strength, physical performance, and body composition at early (prevention) and late (treatment) stages in both syndromes combined. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis (CRD42019138253) to gather the evidence of randomized controlled trials examining the effects of resistance training programs lasting ≥8 weeks on strength, physical function, and body composition of adults ≥65 years old diagnosed with pre-sarcopenia, sarcopenia, pre-frailty, or frailty. A search from the earliest record up to and including December 2020 was carried out using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. A total of 25 studies (n = 2267 participants) were included. Meta-analysis showed significant changes in favour of resistance training for handgrip (ES = 0.51, p = 0.001) and lower-limb strength (ES = 0.93, p < 0.001), agility (ES = 0.78, p = 0.003), gait speed (ES = 0.75, p < 0.001), postural stability (ES = 0.68, p = 0.007), functional performance (ES = 0.76, p < 0.001), fat mass (ES = 0.41, p = 0.001), and muscle mass (ES = 0.29, p = 0.002). Resistance training during early stages had positive effects in all variables during early stages (ES > 0.12), being particularly effective in improving gait speed (ES = 0.63, p = 0.016) and functional strength (ES = 0.53, p = 0.011). Based on these results, resistance training should be considered as a highly effective preventive strategy to delay and attenuate the negative effects of sarcopenia and frailty in both early and late stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Talar
- Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland; (K.T.); (E.K.)
| | - Alejandro Hernández-Belmonte
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30730 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Tomas Vetrovsky
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Michal Steffl
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, 16252 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Ewa Kałamacka
- Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland; (K.T.); (E.K.)
| | - Javier Courel-Ibáñez
- Human Performance and Sports Science Laboratory, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Murcia, 30730 Murcia, Spain;
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49
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Grgic J, Garofolini A, Orazem J, Sabol F, Schoenfeld BJ, Pedisic Z. Effects of Resistance Training on Muscle Size and Strength in Very Elderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Sports Med 2021; 50:1983-1999. [PMID: 32740889 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-020-01331-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effects of resistance training on muscle strength and hypertrophy are well established in adults and younger elderly. However, less is currently known about these effects in the very elderly (i.e., 75 years of age and older). OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of resistance training on muscle size and strength in very elderly individuals. METHODS Randomized controlled studies that explored the effects of resistance training in very elderly on muscle strength, handgrip strength, whole-muscle hypertrophy, and/or muscle fiber hypertrophy were included in the review. Meta-analyses of effect sizes (ESs) were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included in the review. The meta-analysis found a significant effect of resistance training on muscle strength in the very elderly [difference in ES = 0.97; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50, 1.44; p = 0.001]. In a subgroup analysis that included only the oldest-old participants (80 + years of age), there was a significant effect of resistance training on muscle strength (difference in ES = 1.28; 95% CI 0.28, 2.29; p = 0.020). For handgrip strength, we found no significant difference between resistance training and control groups (difference in ES = 0.26; 95% CI - 0.02, 0.54; p = 0.064). For whole-muscle hypertrophy, there was a significant effect of resistance training in the very elderly (difference in ES = 0 30; 95% CI 0.10, 0.50; p = 0.013). We found no significant difference in muscle fiber hypertrophy between resistance training and control groups (difference in ES = 0.33; 95% CI - 0.67, 1.33; p = 0.266). There were minimal reports of adverse events associated with the training programs in the included studies. CONCLUSIONS We found that very elderly can increase muscle strength and muscle size by participating in resistance training programs. Resistance training was found to be an effective way to improve muscle strength even among the oldest-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | | | - John Orazem
- School of Health Sciences, Human Services and Nursing, Lehman College, Bronx, USA
| | - Filip Sabol
- Fitness Academy, Zagreb, Croatia.,Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Zeljko Pedisic
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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50
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Lu Y, Niti M, Yap KB, Tan CTY, Nyunt MSZ, Feng L, Tan BY, Chan G, Khoo SA, Chan SM, Yap P, Larbi A, Ng TP. Effects of multi-domain lifestyle interventions on sarcopenia measures and blood biomarkers: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of community-dwelling pre-frail and frail older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:9330-9347. [PMID: 33882026 PMCID: PMC8064206 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have comprehensively described changes in blood biomarkers of the physiological responses underlying sarcopenia reduction associated with lifestyle interventions. In this study, we performed secondary analyses of data in a randomized controlled trial of multi-domain lifestyle interventions (6-month duration physical exercise, nutritional enrichment, cognitive training, combination and standard care control) among 246 community-dwelling pre-frail and frail elderly, aged ≥65 years, with and without sarcopenia. Appendicular lean mass (ALM), lower limb strength, gait speed, and blood levels of markers of muscle metabolism, inflammation, anti-oxidation, anabolic hormone regulation, insulin signaling, tissue oxygenation were measured at baseline, 3-month and 6-month post-intervention. Multi-domain interventions were associated with significant (p < 0.001) reduction of sarcopenia at 3-month and 6-month post-intervention, improved gait speed, enhanced lower limb strength, and were equally evident among sarcopenic participants who were slower at baseline than non-sarcopenic participants. Active intervention was associated with significantly reduced inflammation levels. Sarcopenia status and reduction were associated with blood biomarkers related to muscle metabolism, steroid hormone regulation, insulin-leptin signaling, and tissue oxygenation. Physical, nutritional and cognitive intervention was associated with measures of sarcopenia reduction, together with changes in circulating biomarkers of anabolic and catabolic metabolism underlying sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Lu
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mathew Niti
- Performance and Technology Assessment Department, Ministry of Health, Singapore
| | - Keng Bee Yap
- Geriatric Medicine and Palliative Medicine Department, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Crystal Tze Ying Tan
- Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore
| | - Ma Shwe Zin Nyunt
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liang Feng
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Yeow Tan
- Medical Services Department, St Luke's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gribson Chan
- Rehabilitation Services Division, St Luke's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sue Anne Khoo
- Psychological Medicine Department, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sue Mei Chan
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Philip Yap
- Geriatric Medicine Department, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Ageing Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Immunos Building, Biopolis, Singapore.,Geriatrics Division, Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontology Research Programme, Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Health System, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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