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Ren L. The mechanistic basis for the rapid antidepressant-like effects of ketamine: From neural circuits to molecular pathways. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110910. [PMID: 38061484 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Conventional antidepressants that target monoaminergic receptors require several weeks to be efficacious. This lag represents a significant problem in the currently available treatments for serious depression. Ketamine, acting as an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, was shown to have rapid antidepressant-like effects, marking a significant advancement in the study of mood disorders. However, serious side effects and adverse reactions limit its clinical use. Considering the limitations of ketamine, it is crucial to further define the network targets of ketamine. The rapid action of ketamine an as antidepressant is thought to be mediated by the glutamate system. It is believed that synaptic plasticity is essential for the rapid effects of ketamine as an antidepressant. Other mechanisms include the involvement of the γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic), 5-HTergic systems, and recent studies have linked astrocytes to ketamine's rapid antidepressant-like effects. The interactions between these systems exert a synergistic rapid antidepressant effect through neural circuits and molecular mechanisms. Here, we discuss the neural circuits and molecular mechanisms underlying the action of ketamine. This work will help explain how molecular and neural targets are responsible for the effects of rapidly acting antidepressants and will aid in the discovery of new therapeutic approaches for major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Chengdu 611137, China.
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2
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Chang WL, Hen R. Adult Neurogenesis, Context Encoding, and Pattern Separation: A Pathway for Treating Overgeneralization. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 38:163-193. [PMID: 39008016 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62983-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In mammals, the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus is one of two brain regions (with the subventricular zone of the olfactory bulb) that continues to generate new neurons throughout adulthood, a phenomenon known as adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) (Eriksson et al., Nat Med 4:1313-1317, 1998; García-Verdugo et al., J Neurobiol 36:234-248, 1998). The integration of these new neurons into the dentate gyrus (DG) has implications for memory encoding, with unique firing and wiring properties of immature neurons that affect how the hippocampal network encodes and stores attributes of memory. In this chapter, we will describe the process of AHN and properties of adult-born cells as they integrate into the hippocampal circuit and mature. Then, we will discuss some methodological considerations before we review evidence for the role of AHN in two major processes supporting memory that are performed by the DG. First, we will discuss encoding of contextual information for episodic memories and how this is facilitated by AHN. Second, will discuss pattern separation, a major role of the DG that reduces interference for the formation of new memories. Finally, we will review clinical and translational considerations, suggesting that stimulation of AHN may help decrease overgeneralization-a common endophenotype of mood, anxiety, trauma-related, and age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Chang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rene Hen
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Neale KJ, Reid HMO, Sousa B, McDonagh E, Morrison J, Shultz S, Eyolfson E, Christie BR. Repeated mild traumatic brain injury causes sex-specific increases in cell proliferation and inflammation in juvenile rats. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:250. [PMID: 37907981 PMCID: PMC10617072 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02916-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood represents a period of significant growth and maturation for the brain, and is also associated with a heightened risk for mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBI). There is also concern that repeated-mTBI (r-mTBI) may have a long-term impact on developmental trajectories. Using an awake closed head injury (ACHI) model, that uses rapid head acceleration to induce a mTBI, we investigated the acute effects of repeated-mTBI (r-mTBI) on neurological function and cellular proliferation in juvenile male and female Long-Evans rats. We found that r-mTBI did not lead to cumulative neurological deficits with the model. R-mTBI animals exhibited an increase in BrdU + (bromodeoxyuridine positive) cells in the dentate gyrus (DG), and that this increase was more robust in male animals. This increase was not sustained, and cell proliferation returning to normal by PID3. A greater increase in BrdU + cells was observed in the dorsal DG in both male and female r-mTBI animals at PID1. Using Ki-67 expression as an endogenous marker of cellular proliferation, a robust proliferative response following r-mTBI was observed in male animals at PID1 that persisted until PID3, and was not constrained to the DG alone. Triple labeling experiments (Iba1+, GFAP+, Brdu+) revealed that a high proportion of these proliferating cells were microglia/macrophages, indicating there was a heightened inflammatory response. Overall, these findings suggest that rapid head acceleration with the ACHI model produces an mTBI, but that the acute neurological deficits do not increase in severity with repeated administration. R-mTBI transiently increases cellular proliferation in the hippocampus, particularly in male animals, and the pattern of cell proliferation suggests that this represents a neuroinflammatory response that is focused around the mid-brain rather than peripheral cortical regions. These results add to growing literature indicating sex differences in proliferative and inflammatory responses between females and males. Targeting proliferation as a therapeutic avenue may help reduce the short term impact of r-mTBI, but there may be sex-specific considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie J Neale
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Hannah M O Reid
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Barbara Sousa
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Erin McDonagh
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Jamie Morrison
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Sandy Shultz
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, BC, V9R 5S5, Canada
- Monash Trauma Group, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eric Eyolfson
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Medical Sciences Building,3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Institute for Aging and Life Long Health, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Island Medical Program, Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada.
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4
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Can AT, Mitchell JS, Dutton M, Bennett M, Hermens DF, Lagopoulos J. Insights into the neurobiology of suicidality: explicating the role of glutamatergic systems through the lens of ketamine. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:513-529. [PMID: 37329495 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Suicidality is a prevalent mental health condition, and managing suicidal patients is one of the most challenging tasks for health care professionals due to the lack of rapid-acting, effective psychopharmacological treatment options. According to the literature, suicide has neurobiological underpinnings that are not fully understood, and current treatments for suicidal tendencies have considerable limitations. To treat suicidality and prevent suicide, new treatments are required; to achieve this, the neurobiological processes underlying suicidal behavior must be thoroughly investigated. Although multiple neurotransmitter systems, particularly serotonergic systems, have been studied in the past, less has been reported in relation to disruptions in glutamatergic neurotransmission, neuronal plasticity, and neurogenesis that result from stress-related abnormalities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system. Informed by the literature, which reports robust antisuicidal and antidepressive properties of subanaesthetic doses of ketamine, this review aims to provide an examination of the neurobiology of suicidality (and relevant mood disorders) with implications of pertinent animal, clinical, and postmortem studies. We discuss dysfunctions in the glutamatergic system, which may play a role in the neuropathology of suicidality and the role of ketamine in restoring synaptic connectivity at the molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adem Tevfik Can
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jules Shamus Mitchell
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan Dutton
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maxwell Bennett
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
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5
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Gao Y, Syed M, Zhao X. Mechanisms underlying the effect of voluntary running on adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Hippocampus 2023; 33:373-390. [PMID: 36892196 PMCID: PMC10566571 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is important for preserving learning and memory-related cognitive functions. Physical exercise, especially voluntary running, is one of the strongest stimuli to promote neurogenesis and has beneficial effects on cognitive functions. Voluntary running promotes exit of neural stem cells (NSCs) from the quiescent stage, proliferation of NSCs and progenitors, survival of newborn cells, morphological development of immature neuron, and integration of new neurons into the hippocampal circuitry. However, the detailed mechanisms driving these changes remain unclear. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge with respect to molecular mechanisms underlying voluntary running-induced neurogenesis, highlighting recent genome-wide gene expression analyses. In addition, we will discuss new approaches and future directions for dissecting the complex cellular mechanisms driving change in adult-born new neurons in response to physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Moosa Syed
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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6
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Deyama S, Kaneda K. Role of neurotrophic and growth factors in the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine. Neuropharmacology 2023; 224:109335. [PMID: 36403852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The neurotrophic hypothesis of depression proposes that reduced levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) contribute to neuronal atrophy or loss in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus and impaired hippocampal adult neurogenesis, which are associated with depressive symptoms. Chronic, but acute, treatment with typical monoaminergic antidepressants can at least partially reverse these deficits, in part via induction of BDNF and/or VEGF expression, consistent with their delayed onset of action. Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist, exerts rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. Rodent studies have revealed that ketamine rapidly increases BDNF and VEGF release and/or expression in the PFC and hippocampus, which in turn increases the number and function of spine synapses in the PFC and hippocampal neurogenesis. Ketamine also induces the persistent release of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in the PFC of male mice. These neurotrophic effects of ketamine are associated with its rapid and sustained antidepressant effects. In this review, we first provide an overview of the neurotrophic hypothesis of depression and then discuss the role of BDNF, VEGF, IGF-1, and other growth factors (IGF-2 and transforming growth factor-β1) in the antidepressant effects of ketamine and its enantiomers. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Ketamine and its Metabolites'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Kaneda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Vaseghi S, Mostafavijabbari A, Alizadeh MS, Ghaffarzadegan R, Kholghi G, Zarrindast MR. Intricate role of sleep deprivation in modulating depression: focusing on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, cortisol, and TNF-α. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:195-219. [PMID: 36399239 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this review article, we aimed to discuss intricate roles of SD in modulating depression in preclinical and clinical studies. Decades of research have shown the inconsistent effects of SD on depression, focusing on SD duration. However, inconsistent role of SD seems to be more complicated, and SD duration cannot be the only one factor. Regarding this issue, we chose some important factors involved in the effects of SD on cognitive functions and mood including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serotonin, cortisol, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). It was concluded that SD has a wide-range of inconsistent effects on BDNF, VEGF, serotonin, and cortisol levels. It was noted that BDNF diurnal rhythm is significantly involved in the modulatory role of SD in depression. Furthermore, the important role of VEGF in blood-brain barrier permeability which is involved in modulating depression was discussed. It was also noted that there is a negative correlation between cortisol and BDNF that modulates depression. Eventually, it was concluded that TNF-α regulates sleep/wake cycle and is involved in the vulnerability to cognitive and behavioral impairments following SD. TNF-α also increases the permeability of the blood-brain barrier which is accompanied by depressive behavior. In sum, it was suggested that future studies should focus on these mechanisms/factors to better investigate the reasons behind intricate roles of SD in modulating depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad-Sadegh Alizadeh
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Ghaffarzadegan
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Liu YS, Zhao HF, Li Q, Cui HW, Huang GD. Research Progress on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease from the Perspective of Chronic Stress. Aging Dis 2022:AD.2022.1211. [PMID: 37163426 PMCID: PMC10389837 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its extremely complex pathogenesis, no effective drugs to prevent, delay progression, or cure Alzheimer's disease (AD) exist at present. The main pathological features of AD are senile plaques composed of β-amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, and degeneration or loss of neurons in the brain. Many risk factors associated with the onset of AD, including gene mutations, aging, traumatic brain injury, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases, education level, and obesity. Growing evidence points to chronic stress as one of the major risk factors for AD, as it can promote the onset and development of AD-related pathologies via a mechanism that is not well known. The use of murine stress models, including restraint, social isolation, noise, and unpredictable stress, has contributed to improving our understanding of the relationship between chronic stress and AD. This review summarizes the evidence derived from murine models on the pathological features associated with AD and the related molecular mechanisms induced by chronic stress. These results not only provide a retrospective interpretation for understanding the pathogenesis of AD, but also provide a window of opportunity for more effective preventive and identifying therapeutic strategies for stress-induced AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sheng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua-Fu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Han-Wei Cui
- The Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
- Central Laboratory, Shenzhen Samii Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Dong Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Suseelan S, Pinna G. Heterogeneity in major depressive disorder: The need for biomarker-based personalized treatments. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 112:1-67. [PMID: 36642481 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) or depression is a pathological mental condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Identification of objective biological markers of depression can provide for a better diagnostic and intervention criteria; ultimately aiding to reduce its socioeconomic health burden. This review provides a comprehensive insight into the major biomarker candidates that have been implicated in depression neurobiology. The key biomarker categories are covered across all the "omics" levels. At the epigenomic level, DNA-methylation, non-coding RNA and histone-modifications have been discussed in relation to depression. The proteomics system shows great promise with inflammatory markers as well as growth factors and neurobiological alterations within the endocannabinoid system. Characteristic lipids implicated in depression together with the endocrine system are reviewed under the metabolomics section. The chapter also examines the novel biomarkers for depression that have been proposed by studies in the microbiome. Depression affects individuals differentially and explicit biomarkers identified by robust research criteria may pave the way for better diagnosis, intervention, treatment, and prediction of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayam Suseelan
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Graziano Pinna
- The Psychiatric Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; UI Center on Depression and Resilience (UICDR), Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Center for Alcohol Research in Epigenetics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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10
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Effects of β-amyloid (1-42) Administration on the Main Neurogenic Niches of the Adult Brain: Amyloid-Induced Neurodegeneration Influences Neurogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315444. [PMID: 36499771 PMCID: PMC9738210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and warrants further study as well as timely treatment. Additionally, the mechanisms of the brain's intrinsic defense against chronic injury are not yet fully understood. Herein, we examined the response of the main neurogenic niches to amyloid exposure and the associated changes in structure and synaptic activity. Flow cytometry of Nestin-, Vimentin-, Nestin/Vimentin-, NeuN-, GFAP-, NeuN/GFAP-, NSE-, BrdU-, Wnt-, BrdU/Wnt-, VEGF-, Sox14-, VEGF/Sox14-, Sox10-, Sox2-, Sox10/Sox2-, Bax-, and Bcl-xL-positive cells was performed in the subventricular zone (SVZ), hippocampus, and cerebral cortex of rat brains on 90th day after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) single injection of a fraction of β-amyloid (Aβ) (1-42). The relative structural changes in these areas and disruptions to synaptic activity in the entorhinal cortex-hippocampus circuit were also evaluated. Our flow analyses revealed a reduction in the numbers of Nestin-, Vimentin-, and Nestin/Vimentin-positive cells in neurogenic niches and the olfactory bulb. These changes were accompanied by an increased number of BrdU-positive cells in the hippocampus and SVZ. The latter changes were strongly correlated with changes in the numbers of VEGF- and VEGF/Sox14-positive cells. The morphological changes were characterized by significant neural loss, a characteristic shift in entorhinal cortex-hippocampus circuit activity, and decreased spontaneous alternation in a behavioral test. We conclude that although an injection of Aβ (1-42) induced stem cell proliferation and triggered neurogenesis at a certain stage, this process was incomplete and led to neural stem cell immaturity. We propose the idea of enhancing adult neurogenesis as a promising strategy for preventing dementia at healthy elderly people andpeople at high risk for developing AD, or treating patients diagnosed with AD.
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Elfving B, Liebenberg N, du Jardin K, Sanchez C, Wegener G, Müller HK. Single dose S-ketamine rescues transcriptional dysregulation of Mtor and Nrp2 in the prefrontal cortex of FSL rats 1 hour but not 14 days post dosing. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 65:56-67. [PMID: 36375239 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
There is a pressing need to identify biological indicators of major depression to help guide proper diagnosis and optimize treatment. Animal models mimicking aspects of depression constitute essential tools for early-stage exploration of relevant pathways. In this study, we used the Flinders Sensitive and Resistant Line (FSL/FRL) to explore central and peripheral transcriptional changes in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway genes and their temporal regulation after a single dose of S-ketamine (15 mg/kg). We found that S-ketamine induced both rapid (1 hour) and sustained (2 and 14 days) antidepressant-like effects in the FSL rats. Analysis of mRNA expression revealed significant strain effects of Vegf, Vegf164, Vegfr-1, Nrp1, Nrp2, Rictor, and Raptor in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and of Vegf164, GbetaL, and Tsc1 in the hippocampus (HIP), which indicates suppression of VEGF signaling in the FSL rats compared to FRL rats. This notion was further substantiated by reduced expression of Vegf and Mtor in plasma from FSL rats. In the brain, S-ketamine induced transcriptional changes in the acute phase, not the sustained phase. There were significant treatment effects of S-ketamine on Vegfr-2 in both PFC and HIP and on Vegf and Vegfr-1 in HIP. Moreover, we found that S-ketamine specifically restored reduced levels of Nrp2 and Mtor in the PFC of the FSL rats. In conclusion, this study substantiates the use of the FRL/FSL rats to explore the depressive-like behavior at the transcriptional level of the VEGF pathway genes and study their regulation in response to various treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betina Elfving
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark.
| | - Nico Liebenberg
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Kristian du Jardin
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Connie Sanchez
- External Sourcing and Scientific Excellence, Lun Research USA, Inc., Paramus, NJ, United States of America
| | - Gregers Wegener
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Heidi Kaastrup Müller
- Translational Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
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12
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Fan XX, Sun WY, Li Y, Tang Q, Li LN, Yu X, Wang SY, Fan AR, Xu XQ, Chang HS. Honokiol improves depression-like behaviors in rats by HIF-1α- VEGF signaling pathway activation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:968124. [PMID: 36091747 PMCID: PMC9453876 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.968124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that the pathogenesis of depression is closely linked to impairments in neuronal synaptic plasticity. Honokiol, a biologically active substance extracted from Magnolia Officinalis, has been proven to exert significant antidepressant effects. However, the specific mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, PC12 cells and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model rats were used to explore the antidepressant effects and potential mechanisms of honokiol in vitro and in rats. In vitro experiment, a cell viability detection kit was used to screen the concentration and time of honokiol administration. PC12 cells were administered with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) blocker, 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME), and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) blocker, SU5416, to detect the expression of HIF-1α, VEGF, synaptic protein 1 (SYN 1), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95) by western blotting. In effect, we investigated whether the synaptic plasticity action of honokiol was dependent on the HIF-1α-VEGF pathway. In vivo, behavioral tests were used to evaluate the reproducibility of the CUMS depression model and depression-like behaviors. Molecular biology techniques were used to examine mRNA and protein expression of the HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators. Additionally, molecular docking techniques were used to study the interaction between honokiol and target proteins, and predict their binding patterns and affinities. Experimental results showed that honokiol significantly reversed CUMS-induced depression-like behaviors. Mechanically, honokiol exerted a significant antidepressant effect by enhancing synaptic plasticity. At the molecular level, honokiol can activate the HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo, as well as promote the protein expression levels of SYN 1 and PSD 95. Taken together, the results do not only provide an experimental basis for honokiol in the clinical treatment of depression but also suggest that the HIF-1α-VEGF pathway may be a potential target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xu Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Yan Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shu-Yan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ang-Ran Fan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Qing Xu
- Experiment Center, Encephalopathy Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Sheng Chang, ; Xiang-Qing Xu,
| | - Hong-Sheng Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-Sheng Chang, ; Xiang-Qing Xu,
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13
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Zheng L, Pang Q, Xu H, Guo H, Liu R, Wang T. The Neurobiological Links between Stress and Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review of Research to Date. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179519. [PMID: 36076917 PMCID: PMC9455169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological dysfunctions commonly occur after mild or moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although most TBI patients recover from such a dysfunction in a short period of time, some present with persistent neurological deficits. Stress is a potential factor that is involved in recovery from neurological dysfunction after TBI. However, there has been limited research on the effects and mechanisms of stress on neurological dysfunctions due to TBI. In this review, we first investigate the effects of TBI and stress on neurological dysfunctions and different brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, and hypothalamus. We then explore the neurobiological links and mechanisms between stress and TBI. Finally, we summarize the findings related to stress biomarkers and probe the possible diagnostic and therapeutic significance of stress combined with mild or moderate TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexin Zheng
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qiuyu Pang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hanmu Guo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Forensic Medicine, Key Lab of Forensic Science, Ministry of Justice, China (Academy of Forensic Science), Shanghai 200063, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kim J, Park J, Mikami T. Regular Low-Intensity Exercise Prevents Cognitive Decline and a Depressive-Like State Induced by Physical Inactivity in Mice: A New Physical Inactivity Experiment Model. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:866405. [PMID: 35600989 PMCID: PMC9121131 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.866405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has already been established as a vital strategy for maintaining physical health via experimental results in humans and animals. In addition, numerous human studies have reported that physical inactivity is a primary factor that causes obesity, muscle atrophy, metabolic diseases, and deterioration in cognitive function and mental health. Regardless, an established animal experimental method to examine the effect of physical inactivity on physiological, biochemical, and neuroscientific parameters is yet to be reported. In this study, we made a new housing cage, named as the physical inactivity (PI) cage, to investigate the effect of physical inactivity on cognitive function and depressive-like states in mice and obtained the following experimental results by its use. We first compared the daily physical activity of mice housed in the PI and standard cages using the nano-tag method. The mice’s physical activity levels in the PI cage decreased to approximately half of that in the mice housed in the standard cage. Second, we examined whether housing in the PI cage affected plasma corticosterone concentration. The plasma corticosterone concentration did not alter before, 1 week, or 10 weeks after housing. Third, we investigated whether housing in the PI cage for 10 weeks affected cognitive function and depressive behavior. Housing in an inactive state caused a cognitive decline and depressive state in the mice without increasing body weight and plasma corticosterone. Finally, we examined the effect of regular low-intensity exercise on cognitive function and depressive state in the mice housed in the PI cage. Physical inactivity decreased neuronal cell proliferation, blood vessel density, and gene expressions of vascular endothelial growth factors and brain-derived neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus. In addition, regular low-intensity exercise, 30 min of treadmill running at a 5–15 m/min treadmill speed 3 days per week, prevented cognitive decline and the onset of a depressive-like state caused by physical inactivity. These results showed that our novel physical inactivity model, housing the mice in the PI cage, would be an adequate and valuable experimental method for examining the effect of physical inactivity on cognitive function and a depressive-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonghyuk Park
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Mikami
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshio Mikami,
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15
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Li Y, Wang ML, Zhang B, Fan XX, Tang Q, Yu X, Li LN, Fan AR, Chang HS, Zhang LZ. Antidepressant-Like Effect and Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rd on Rodent Models of Depression. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:843-861. [PMID: 35370402 PMCID: PMC8974469 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s351421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence to suggest that ginsenoside Rd (GRd) has a therapeutic effect on depression, but the specific mechanisms behind its activity require further study. Objective This study is designed to investigate the antidepressant-like effect and underlying mechanisms of GRd. Methods In this study, the behavioral despair mouse model of depression and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) rat model of depression were established to explore the effects of GRd on depression-like behavior and its underlying mechanisms. Behavioral tests were used to evaluate the replication of animal models and depression-like behaviors. The hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) blocker 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) was injected to determine the role of HIF-1α in the antidepressant-like effect of GRd. In addition, molecular biology techniques were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1ɑ signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators, that is synapsin 1 (SYN 1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD 95). In silico binding interaction studies of GRd with focused target proteins were performed using molecular docking to predict the affinity and optimal binding mode between ligands and receptors. Results Our data show that GRd significantly reversed depression-like behavior and promoted mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1ɑ signaling pathway and synaptic plasticity-related regulators. However, the antidepressant-like effect of GRd disappeared upon inhibition of HIF-1α expression following administration of 2-ME. Furthermore, molecular docking results showed that GRd possessed significant binding affinity for HIF-1α, VEGF, and VEGFR-2. Conclusion Our results show that GRd exhibits significant antidepressant-like effect and that HIF-1α signaling pathway is a promising target for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xu Fan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Tang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Yu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Ang-Ran Fan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Zhen Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, People's Republic of China
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16
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A peripheral inflammatory signature discriminates bipolar from unipolar depression: A machine learning approach. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 105:110136. [PMID: 33045321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2020.110136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mood disorders (major depressive disorder, MDD, and bipolar disorder, BD) are considered leading causes of life-long disability worldwide, where high rates of no response to treatment or relapse and delays in receiving a proper diagnosis (~60% of depressed BD patients are initially misdiagnosed as MDD) contribute to a growing personal and socio-economic burden. The immune system may represent a new target to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic procedures but reliable biomarkers still need to be found. METHODS In our study we predicted the differential diagnosis of mood disorders by considering the plasma levels of 54 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors of 81 BD and 127 MDD depressed patients. Clinical diagnoses were predicted also against 32 healthy controls. Elastic net models, including 5000 non-parametric bootstrapping procedure and inner and outer 10-fold nested cross-validation were performed in order to identify the signatures for the disorders. RESULTS Results showed that the immune-inflammatory signature classifies the two disorders with a high accuracy (AUC = 97%), specifically 92% and 86% respectively for MDD and BD. MDD diagnosis was predicted by high levels of markers related to both pro-inflammatory (i.e. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-7, IL-16) and regulatory responses (IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10), whereas BD by high levels of inflammatory markers (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL25, CCL27, CXCL11, IL-9 and TNF-α). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel tools for early diagnosis of BD, strengthening the impact of biomarkers research into clinical practice, and new insights for the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for depressive disorders.
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17
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The Role of Neurotrophic Factors in Pathophysiology of Major Depressive Disorder. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1305:257-272. [PMID: 33834404 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6044-0_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
According to the neurotrophic hypothesis of major depressive disorder (MDD), impairment in growth factor signaling might be associated with the pathology of this illness. Current evidence demonstrates that impaired neuroplasticity induced by alterations of neurotrophic growth factors and related signaling pathways may be underlying to the pathophysiology of MDD. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most studied neurotrophic factor involved in the neurobiology of MDD. Nevertheless, developing evidence has implicated other neurotrophic factors, including neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurotrophin-4 (NT-4), nerve growth factor (NGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in the MDD pathophysiology. Here, we summarize the current literature on the involvement of neurotrophic factors and related signaling pathways in the pathophysiology of MDD.
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18
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Zheng W, Zhou YL, Wang CY, Lan XF, Zhang B, Zhou SM, Yan S, Yang MZ, Nie S, Ning YP. Association of plasma VEGF levels and the antidepressant effects of ketamine in patients with depression. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2021; 11:20451253211014320. [PMID: 34035893 PMCID: PMC8132091 DOI: 10.1177/20451253211014320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Growing evidence suggests that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may be involved in the neuronal mechanisms underlying both depression aetiology and the response to ketamine treatments. The aim of this study was to examine whether changes in plasma VEGF levels are associated with the antidepressant effects of repeated ketamine infusions in patients with depression. METHODS Ninety-six patients with depression were enrolled and received six ketamine infusions during a 12-day period. Depressive symptom severity and plasma VEGF levels were measured by the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively, at baseline, 13 days and 26 days. RESULTS Despite a significant improvement in MADRS scores after patients received six ketamine infusions (p < 0.001), no changes in plasma VEGF levels were observed at 13 days when compared with baseline. Moreover, no significant difference in plasma VEGF levels at baseline and 13 days was found between ketamine responders and nonresponders. No association was found between the antidepressant effects of repeated ketamine treatments and plasma VEGF levels. CONCLUSION This study indicated that VEGF may not be a potential predictor of antidepressant response to repeated intravenous administration of ketamine in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Ling Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Yu Wang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Lan
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Su-Miao Zhou
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Su Yan
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Zhe Yang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Nie
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
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19
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Podgorny OV, Gulyaeva NV. Glucocorticoid-mediated mechanisms of hippocampal damage: Contribution of subgranular neurogenesis. J Neurochem 2020; 157:370-392. [PMID: 33301616 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of the interplay between glucocorticoids (GCs) and adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) is presented, particularly, in the context of a diseased brain. The effectors of GCs in the dentate gyrus neurogenic niche of the hippocampal are reviewed, and the consequences of the GC signaling on the generation and integration of new neurons are discussed. Recent findings demonstrating how GC signaling mediates impairments of the AHN in various brain pathologies are overviewed. GC-mediated effects on the generation and integration of adult-born neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus depend on the nature, severity, and duration of the acting stress factor. GCs realize their effects on the AHN primarily via specific glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors. Disruption of the reciprocal regulation between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the generation of the adult-born granular neurons is currently considered to be a key mechanism implicating the AHN into the pathogenesis of numerous brain diseases, including those without a direct hippocampal damage. These alterations vary from reduced proliferation of stem and progenitor cells to increased cell death and abnormalities in morphology, connectivity, and localization of young neurons. Although the involvement of the mutual regulation between the HPA axis and the AHN in the pathogenesis of cognitive deficits and mood impairments is evident, several unresolved critical issues are stated. Understanding the details of GC-mediated mechanisms involved in the alterations in AHN could enable the identification of molecular targets for ameliorating pathology-induced imbalance in the HPA axis/AHN mutual regulation to conquer cognitive and psychiatric disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Podgorny
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V Gulyaeva
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Kumar A, Pareek V, Faiq MA, Kumar P, Kumari C, Singh HN, Ghosh SK. Transcriptomic analysis of the signature of neurogenesis in human hippocampus suggests restricted progenitor cell progression post-childhood. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:224-232. [PMID: 32995658 PMCID: PMC7502792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NESTIN, SOX1, and SOX4 decreased progressively from prenatal to adult age. KI67 and TBR2 reached zero expression level at adolescence. NEUROD1, DCX, PSA NCAM remained unchanged post-childhood. VEGF and FGF2 did not change significantly from prenatal to adult age. BAX and TP53 decreased progressively from prenatal to adult age.
Purpose Immunohistological investigations have given rise to divergent perspectives about adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether a comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of signature markers of neurogenesis, supplemented with markers of gliogenesis, vasculogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, may help discern essential aspects of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in humans. Materials and Methods RNA expression data for salient marker genes of neurogenesis, gliogenesis, vasculogenesis, and apoptosis in post-mortem human hippocampal tissue [from prenatal (n = 15), child (n = 5), adolescent (n = 4), and adult (n = 6) brains] were downloaded from the Allen Human Brain Atlas database (http://www.brainspan.org/rnaseq/search/index.html). Gene expression data was categorized, median values were computed, and age group-specific differential expression was subjected to statistical analysis (significance level, α = 0.01). Results With the exception of the genes encoding GFAP, BLBP, SOX2, and PSA-NCAM (unchanged), and the post-mitotic late maturation markers CALB1, CALB2, MAP2, and NEUN as well as the pan-neuronal marker PROX1 which were persistently expressed throughout, expression of all other genes associated with neurogenesis was steeply and progressively downregulated between perinatal life and adulthood. Interestingly, expression of the classical proliferation marker KI67 and a progenitor cell marker TBR2 were found to have reached baseline expression levels (zero expression score) at adolescence while the expression of immature neuronal, post-mitotic early and late maturation markers remained at a constant level after childhood. In contrast, markers of gliogenesis (other than PDGFRA and Vimentin) were significantly upregulated between prenatal life and childhood. Expression of the vasculogenesis markers VEGFA and FGF2 did not differ across any of the age groups studied, whereas the expression of apoptotic markers was progressively decreased after prenatal life. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the progression of neurogenesis from progenitor cells is highly restricted in the human brain from childhood onwards. An alternative possibility that limited neurogenesis may be continued in adolescents and adults from a developmentally arrested pool of immature neurons needs to be examined further through experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
| | - Vikas Pareek
- Computational Neuroscience and Neuroimaging Division, National Brain Research Centre (NBRC), Manesar, Haryana, India.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
| | - Muneeb A Faiq
- Neuroimaging and Visual Science Laboratory, New York University (NYU) Langone Medical Centre, NYU Robert Grossman School of Medicine, NY, USA.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
| | - Pavan Kumar
- Developmental Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
| | - Chiman Kumari
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu N Singh
- Department of Anatomy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India.,TAGC - Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, Aix Marseille University, Inserm U1090, MARSEILLE Cedex 09, France
| | - Sanjib K Ghosh
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna, India.,Etiologically Elusive Disorders Research Network (EEDRN), New Delhi, India
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21
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Araki T, Ikegaya Y, Koyama R. The effects of microglia‐ and astrocyte‐derived factors on neurogenesis in health and disease. Eur J Neurosci 2020; 54:5880-5901. [PMID: 32920880 PMCID: PMC8451940 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis continues throughout life and has been suggested to play an essential role in maintaining spatial cognitive function under physiological conditions. An increasing amount of evidence has indicated that adult neurogenesis is tightly controlled by environmental conditions in the neurogenic niche, which consists of multiple types of cells including microglia and astrocytes. Microglia maintain the environment of neurogenic niche through their phagocytic capacity and interaction with neurons via fractalkine‐CX3CR1 signaling. In addition, microglia release growth factors such as brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α to support the development of adult born neurons. Astrocytes also manipulate neurogenesis by releasing various soluble factors including adenosine triphosphate and lactate. Whereas, under pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, depression, and epilepsy, microglia and astrocytes play a leading role in inflammation and are involved in attenuating the normal process of neurogenesis. The modulation of glial functions on neurogenesis in these brain diseases are attracting attention as a new therapeutic target. This review describes how these glial cells play a role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both health and disease, especially focusing glia‐derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasuku Araki
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks Suita City Osaka Japan
| | - Ryuta Koyama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
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22
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Dattilo V, Amato R, Perrotti N, Gennarelli M. The Emerging Role of SGK1 (Serum- and Glucocorticoid-Regulated Kinase 1) in Major Depressive Disorder: Hypothesis and Mechanisms. Front Genet 2020; 11:826. [PMID: 32849818 PMCID: PMC7419621 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous psychiatric disease characterized by persistent low mood, diminished interests, and impaired cognitive and social functions. The multifactorial etiology of MDD is still largely unknown because of the complex genetic and environmental interactions involved. Therefore, no established mechanism can explain all the aspects of the disease. In this light, an extensive research about the pathophysiology of MDD has been carried out. Several pathogenic hypotheses, such as monoamines deficiency and neurobiological alterations in the stress-responsive system, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the immune system, have been proposed for MDD. Over time, remarkable studies, mainly on preclinical rodent models, linked the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) to the main features of MDD. SGK1 is a serine/threonine kinase belonging to the AGK Kinase family. SGK1 is ubiquitously expressed, which plays a pivotal role in the hormonal regulation of several ion channels, carriers, pumps, and transcription factors or regulators. SGK1 expression is modulated by cell stress and hormones, including gluco- and mineralocorticoids. Compelling evidence suggests that increased SGK1 expression or function is related to the pathogenic stress hypothesis of major depression. Therefore, the first part of the present review highlights the putative role of SGK1 as a critical mediator in the dysregulation of the HPA axis, observed under chronic stress conditions, and its controversial role in the neuroinflammation as well. The second part depicts the negative regulation exerted by SGK1 in the expression of both the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), resulting in an anti-neurogenic activity. Finally, the review focuses on the antidepressant-like effects of anti-oxidative nutraceuticals in several preclinical model of depression, resulting from the restoration of the physiological expression and/or activity of SGK1, which leads to an increase in neurogenesis. In summary, the purpose of this review is a systematic analysis of literature depicting SGK1 as molecular junction of the complex mechanisms underlying the MDD in an effort to suggest the kinase as a potential biomarker and strategic target in modern molecular antidepressant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Dattilo
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosario Amato
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Perrotti
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, Mater Domini University Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Genetic Unit, IRCCS Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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23
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Lyons CE, Bartolomucci A. Stress and Alzheimer's disease: A senescence link? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:285-298. [PMID: 32461080 PMCID: PMC7483955 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress has been shown to promote numerous aging-related diseases, and to accelerate the aging process itself. Of particular interest is the impact of stress on Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia. The vast majority of AD cases have no known genetic cause, making it vital to identify the environmental factors involved in the onset and progression of the disease. Age is the greatest risk factor for AD, and measures of biological aging such as shorter telomere length, significantly increase likelihood for developing AD. Stress is also considered a crucial contributor to AD, as indicated by a formidable body of research, although the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Here we review human and animal literature on the impact of stress on AD and discuss the mechanisms implicated in the interaction. In particular we will focus on the burgeoning body of research demonstrating that senescent cells, which accumulate with age and actively drive a number of aging-related diseases, may be a key mechanism through which stress drives AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey E Lyons
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, United States; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, United States.
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24
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Deyama S, Duman RS. Neurotrophic mechanisms underlying the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 188:172837. [PMID: 31830487 PMCID: PMC6997025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2019.172837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that depression, one of the most common psychiatric illnesses, is associated with reduced levels of neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), contributing to neuronal atrophy in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus, and reduced hippocampal adult neurogenesis. Conventional monoaminergic antidepressants can block/reverse, at least partially, these deficits in part via induction of BDNF and/or VEGF, although these drugs have significant limitations, notably a time lag for therapeutic response and low response rates. Recent studies reveal that ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist produces rapid (within hours) and sustained (up to a week) antidepressant actions in both patients with treatment-resistant depression and rodent models of depression. Rodent studies also demonstrate that ketamine rapidly increases BDNF and VEGF release and/or expression in the medial PFC (mPFC) and hippocampus, leading to increase in the number and function of spine synapses in the mPFC and enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis. These neurotrophic effects of ketamine are associated with the antidepressant effects of this drug. Together, these findings provide evidence for a neurotrophic mechanism underlying the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine and pave the way for the development of rapid and more effective antidepressants with fewer side effects than ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
| | - Ronald S Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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Nguyen L, Kakeda S, Katsuki A, Sugimoto K, Otsuka Y, Ueda I, Igata R, Watanabe K, Kishi T, Iwata N, Korogi Y, Yoshimura R. Relationship between VEGF-related gene polymorphisms and brain morphology in treatment-naïve patients with first-episode major depressive disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2019; 269:785-794. [PMID: 30406404 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-018-0953-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is involved in the development of major depressive disorder (MDD). Recently, a genome-wide association study has revealed that four VEGF-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (i.e., rs4416670, rs6921438, rs6993770 and rs10738760) were independently associated with circulating VEGF levels. The current study investigated the relationship between brain volume and these four SNPs in first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients. A total of 38 first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients and 39 healthy subjects (HS) were recruited and underwent high-resolution T1-weighted imaging. Blood samples were collected from all the participants for serum VEGF assays and VEGF-related SNPs genotyping. Genotype-diagnosis interactions related to whole-brain cortical thickness and hippocampal subfield volumes were evaluated for the four SNPs. The results revealed a genotype-diagnosis interaction only for rs6921438 (i.e., the MDD patients and HS with the G/G genotype versus the MDD patients and HS with A-carrier genotype) in the subiculum of the left hippocampus (p < 0.05), and not the other SNPs. There was a volume reduction in the left subiculum of G/G genotype patients compared with the other groups. The "hypochondriasis" scores of the HAMD-17 scale were significantly higher in the G/G genotype patients than the A-carrier genotype patients. The association was observed between VEGF-related SNP rs6921438 and subiculum atrophy in first-episode drug-naïve MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- LeHoa Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Shingo Kakeda
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Asuka Katsuki
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sugimoto
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuka Otsuka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
| | - Issei Ueda
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ryohei Igata
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan
| | - Keita Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Taro Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukunori Korogi
- Department of Radiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 8078555, Japan.
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Boldrini M, Fulmore CA, Tartt AN, Simeon LR, Pavlova I, Poposka V, Rosoklija GB, Stankov A, Arango V, Dwork AJ, Hen R, Mann JJ. Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis Persists throughout Aging. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:589-599.e5. [PMID: 29625071 PMCID: PMC5957089 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 830] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis declines in aging rodents and primates. Aging humans are thought to exhibit waning neurogenesis and exercise-induced angiogenesis, with a resulting volumetric decrease in the neurogenic hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) region, although concurrent changes in these parameters are not well studied. Here we assessed whole autopsy hippocampi from healthy human individuals ranging from 14 to 79 years of age. We found similar numbers of intermediate neural progenitors and thousands of immature neurons in the DG, comparable numbers of glia and mature granule neurons, and equivalent DG volume across ages. Nevertheless, older individuals have less angiogenesis and neuroplasticity and a smaller quiescent progenitor pool in anterior-mid DG, with no changes in posterior DG. Thus, healthy older subjects without cognitive impairment, neuropsychiatric disease, or treatment display preserved neurogenesis. It is possible that ongoing hippocampal neurogenesis sustains human-specific cognitive function throughout life and that declines may be linked to compromised cognitive-emotional resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Camille A Fulmore
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alexandria N Tartt
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laika R Simeon
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ina Pavlova
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Verica Poposka
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Gorazd B Rosoklija
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Macedonian Academy of Sciences & Arts, 2, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Aleksandar Stankov
- Institute for Forensic Medicine, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Victoria Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrew J Dwork
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA; Macedonian Academy of Sciences & Arts, 2, Ss. Cyril & Methodius University, Skopje 1000, Republic of Macedonia
| | - René Hen
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Integrative Neuroscience, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, NYS Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Recurrent stress across life may improve cognitive performance in individual rats, suggesting the induction of resilience. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:185. [PMID: 31383851 PMCID: PMC6683163 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are often accompanied by cognitive impairments and recurrent depressive episodes are discussed as a potential risk for dementia. Especially, stressful life events are considered a potent risk factor for depression. Here, we induced recurrent stress-induced depressive episodes over the life span of rats, followed by cognitive assessment in the symptom-free period. Rats exposed to stress-induced depressive episodes learned faster than control rats. A high degree of stress-induced depressive-like behavior early in the paradigm was a predictor of improved cognitive performance, suggesting induction of resilience. Subsequently, exposure to lorazepam prior to stress-induced depressive episodes and cognitive testing in a nonaversive environment prevented the positive effect. This indicates a beneficial effect of the stress-associated situation, with the existence of individual coping abilities. Altogether, stress may in some have a beneficial effect, yet for those individuals unable to tackle these aversive events, consecutive unpleasant episodes may lead to worse cognitive performance later in life.
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Deyama S, Bang E, Kato T, Li XY, Duman RS. Neurotrophic and Antidepressant Actions of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Require Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:143-152. [PMID: 30712809 PMCID: PMC6597338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is essential for the rapid and sustained antidepressant actions of ketamine, and a recent study shows a similar requirement for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Since BDNF is reported to stimulate VEGF expression and/or release in neuroblastoma cells, the present study tested the hypothesis that the actions of BDNF are mediated by VEGF. METHODS The role of VEGF in the antidepressant behavioral actions of BDNF was tested by intra-mPFC coinfusion of a VEGF neutralizing antibody and by neuron-specific deletion of VEGF. The influence of BDNF on the release of VEGF and the role of VEGF in the neurotrophic actions of BDNF were determined in rat primary cortical neurons. The role of BDNF in the behavioral and neurotrophic actions of VEGF was also determined. RESULTS The results show that the rapid and sustained antidepressant-like actions of intra-mPFC BDNF are blocked by coinfusion of a VEGF neutralizing antibody, and that neuron-specific mPFC deletion of VEGF blocks the antidepressant-like actions of BDNF. Studies in primary cortical neurons demonstrate that BDNF stimulates the release of VEGF and that BDNF induction of dendrite complexity is blocked by a selective VEGF-fetal liver kinase 1 receptor antagonist. Surprisingly, the results also show reciprocal interactions, indicating that the behavioral and neurotrophic actions of VEGF are dependent on BDNF. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that the antidepressant-like and neurotrophic actions of BDNF require VEGF signaling, but they also demonstrate reciprocal interdependence for BDNF in the actions of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eunyoung Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Taro Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Suita 564-0053, Japan
| | - Xiao-Yuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ronald S. Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Correspondence: Ronald S. Duman, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Tel: 203-974-7726, Fax: 203-974-7724,
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29
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Deyama S, Bang E, Wohleb ES, Li XY, Kato T, Gerhard DM, Dutheil S, Dwyer JM, Taylor SR, Picciotto MR, Duman RS. Role of Neuronal VEGF Signaling in the Prefrontal Cortex in the Rapid Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:388-400. [PMID: 30606046 PMCID: PMC6494682 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17121368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine produces rapid and sustained antidepressant actions even in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated in the effects of conventional monoamine-based antidepressants, but the role of VEGF in the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine remains unclear. The authors examined whether neuronal VEGF signaling in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) mediates the rapid antidepressant actions of ketamine. METHODS The authors used a combination of approaches, including conditional, neuron-specific knockout of VEGF or its receptor, Flk-1; antibody neutralization; viral-mediated knockdown of Flk-1; and pharmacological inhibitors. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to examine whether neuronal VEGF signaling was required for the neurotrophic and synaptogenic actions of ketamine that underlie its behavioral actions. RESULTS The behavioral actions of systemic ketamine are blocked by forebrain excitatory neuron-specific deletion of either VEGF or Flk-1 or by intra-mPFC infusion of a VEGF neutralizing antibody. Moreover, intra-mPFC infusions of VEGF are sufficient to produce rapid ketamine-like behavioral actions, and these effects are blocked by neuron-specific Flk-1 deletion. The results also show that local knockdown of Flk-1 in mPFC excitatory neurons in adulthood blocks the behavioral effects of systemic ketamine. Moreover, inhibition of neuronal VEGF signaling blocks the neurotrophic and synaptogenic effects of ketamine. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that neuronal VEGF-Flk-1 signaling in the mPFC plays an essential role in the antidepressant actions of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Deyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Eunyoung Bang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Eric S. Wohleb
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Xiao-Yuan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Taro Kato
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Drug Development Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Suita 564-0053, Japan
| | - Danielle M. Gerhard
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Sophie Dutheil
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Jason M. Dwyer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Seth R. Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ronald S. Duman
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.,Correspondence: Ronald S. Duman, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA. Tel: 203-974-7726 Fax: 203-974-7724
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30
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Beneficial Effects of Physical Activity and Crocin Against Adolescent Stress Induced Anxiety or Depressive-Like Symptoms and Dendritic Morphology Remodeling in Prefrontal Cortex in Adult Male Rats. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:917-929. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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31
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Trusova NA, Levin OS. Clinical significance and possibilities of therapy of post-stroke depression. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:60-67. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201911909260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Levy MJF, Boulle F, Steinbusch HW, van den Hove DLA, Kenis G, Lanfumey L. Neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity pathways in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2195-2220. [PMID: 29961124 PMCID: PMC6061771 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a major health problem with a high prevalence and a heavy socioeconomic burden in western societies. It is associated with atrophy and impaired functioning of cortico-limbic regions involved in mood and emotion regulation. It has been suggested that alterations in neurotrophins underlie impaired neuroplasticity, which may be causally related to the development and course of depression. Accordingly, mounting evidence suggests that antidepressant treatment may exert its beneficial effects by enhancing trophic signaling on neuronal and synaptic plasticity. However, current antidepressants still show a delayed onset of action, as well as lack of efficacy. Hence, a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of depression, as well as in the action of antidepressants, might provide further insight to drive the development of novel fast-acting and more effective therapies. Here, we summarize the current literature on the involvement of neurotrophic factors in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Further, we advocate that future development of antidepressants should be based on the neurotrophin theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion J F Levy
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Boulle
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry W Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France.
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Post stroke depression: The sequelae of cerebral stroke. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 90:104-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Towards a multi protein and mRNA expression of biological predictive and distinguish model for post stroke depression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:54329-54338. [PMID: 27527872 PMCID: PMC5342345 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that neurotrophic factors participate in the development of stroke and depression. So we investigated the utility of these biomarkers as predictive and distinguish model for post stroke depression (PSD). 159 individuals including PSD, stroke without depression (Non-PSD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and normal control groups were recruited and examined the protein and mRNA expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR2), placental growth factor (PIGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-1R). The chi-square test was used to evaluate categorical variable, while nonparametric test and one-way analysis of variance were applied to continuous variables of general characteristics, clinical and biological changes. In order to explore the predictive and distinguish role of these factors in PSD, discriminant analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated. The four groups had statistical differences in these neurotrophic factors (all P < 0.05) except VEGF concentration and IGF-1R mRNA (P = 0.776, P = 0.102 respectively). We identified these mRNA expression and protein analytes with general predictive performance for PSD and Non-PSD groups [area under the curve (AUC): 0.805, 95% CI, 0.704-0.907, P < 0.001]. Importantly, there is an excellent predictive performance (AUC: 0.984, 95% CI, 0.964-1.000, P < 0.001) to differentiate PSD patients from MDD patients. This was the first study to explore the changes of neurotrophic factors family in PSD patients, the results intriguingly demonstrated that the combination of protein and mRNA expression of biological factors could use as a predictive and discriminant model for PSD.
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Intermittent intense exercise protects against cognitive decline in a similar manner to moderate exercise in chronically stressed mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 345:59-64. [PMID: 29357306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that regular low or mild exercise helps to improve and maintain cognition. On the other hand, ever thought many people prefer high-intensity exercise (e.g., running, swimming, biking, soccer, basketball, etc.) to get rid of stress or improve their health, the previous studies reported that intense exercise either impairs cognition or has no effect on cognitive function. However, we previously showed that intermittent intense exercise prevents stress-induced depressive behavior in mice in a similar manner to moderate exercise. On the basis of this finding, we investigated the effect of intermittent intense exercise on cognitive deficit in chronically stressed mice. A total of forty mice were evenly divided into control, stressed, stressed with moderate exercise, and stressed with intense exercise groups. The stressed mice were chronically exposed a restraint stress (10 h/day, 6 days/week for 7 weeks). The exercised mice were subjected to intermittent intense or endurance moderate running on the treadmill three times a week. Cognition was evaluated using the Morris water maze test and the object recognition test. Chronic stress decreased cognition, and newborn cell survival and blood vessel density in the hippocampus. However, both regular intense and moderate exercise prevented decrease of cognition, improved newborn cell survival and blood vessel density. These findings suggest that intermittent intense exercise may protect against decrease of cognition in a similar manner to moderate exercise and that both exercise-induced protection of decrease of cognition is closely related to newborn cell survival and angiogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Recovery of Chronic Stress-Triggered Changes of Hippocampal Glutamatergic Transmission. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:9360203. [PMID: 29666637 PMCID: PMC5831735 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9360203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress results in neurochemical, physiological, immune, molecular, cellular, and structural changes in the brain and often dampens the cognition. The hippocampus has been one major focus in studying the stress responsivity and neural mechanisms underlying depression. Both acute and chronic stress stimuli lead to dynamic changes in excitatory transmission in the hippocampus. The present study examined the potential effects of spontaneous recovery after chronic stress on spatial memory function and glutamatergic transmission in the hippocampus. The results showed that chronic unpredicted mild stress transiently increased AMPA receptor GluA2/3 subunit expression, together with elevated PICK-1 protein expression. Spontaneous recovery restored the behavioral deficits in Barnes maze test, as well as the glutamate receptor expression changes. In conclusion, spontaneous recovery acts as an important mechanism in system homeostasis.
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37
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Clark-Raymond A, Meresh E, Hoppensteadt D, Fareed J, Sinacore J, Garlenski B, Halaris A. Vascular endothelial growth factor: Potential predictor of treatment response in major depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 2017; 18:575-585. [PMID: 26726958 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1117655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate baseline plasma VEGF levels as a potential predictor of response to antidepressant pharmacotherapy. The study also sought to determine whether baseline plasma VEGF would be useful in predicting treatment outcome when two pharmacodynamically diverse agents with established antidepressant efficacy, escitalopram and quetiapine, were administered monotherapeutically to MDD patients. METHODS Two groups of qualifying MDD subjects were enrolled. One group was treated with escitalopram and the other with quetiapine. Plasma concentrations of VEGF were measured using Randox Technologies at baseline, and at weeks 8 and 12 of treatment. RESULTS We stratified the MDD patients into those who remitted and those who failed to respond. Mean baseline VEGF for the remitters and non-responders was 9.61 and 5.40 pg/ml, respectively (P < 0.0005). Using optimal data analysis a cut score of 7.49 pg/ml for baseline plasma VEGF distinguished remitters from non-responders with a 63% overall accuracy. The remission rate was comparable for both drugs (73 and 81% for quetiapine and escitalopram, respectively). VEGF levels did not significantly change following antidepressant treatment with either escitalopram or quetiapine when measured at 8 and 12 weeks; this result held true for both remitters and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that VEGF may predict response to antidepressant treatment and may ultimately prove to be a potential biomarker that can be measured with a routine blood draw at the point of service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Clark-Raymond
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Edwin Meresh
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Debra Hoppensteadt
- b Department of Pathology , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- b Department of Pathology , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - James Sinacore
- c Department of Public Health Sciences , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Brittany Garlenski
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
| | - Angelos Halaris
- a Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience , Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine , Chicago , IL , USA
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Seong HH, Park JM, Kim YJ. Antidepressive Effects of Environmental Enrichment in Chronic Stress–Induced Depression in Rats. Biol Res Nurs 2017; 20:40-48. [DOI: 10.1177/1099800417730400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Depression is caused by a variety of factors, especially stressful life events. Chronic stress–induced depression has detrimental effects on hippocampal integrity. Environmental enrichment (EE) is a beneficial intervention for improving anxiety, fear, and stress. We aimed to investigate the antidepressive effects of EE in a depressive rat model (DEP) that was subjected to chronic stress. The control group ( n = 10) was kept under normal conditions, while depressive rats ( n = 8 per group) were randomized into DEP, DEP + EE, and DEP + fluoxetine (Flx) groups. DEP + EE/Flx groups were exposed to standard housing and EE or Flx, respectively. The behavioral tests showed that hopelessness and anxiety were decreased in DEP + EE and DEP + Flx groups compared with the DEP group ( p < .05). Similarly, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and tryptophan hydroxylase was significantly higher in the DEP + EE and DEP + Flx ( p < .05) groups. The levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tyrosine receptor kinase B were also significantly higher in the DEP + EE and DEP + Flx groups compared with the DEP group ( p < .05). Our findings can serve as a foundation for future investigations examining the effects of environmental improvement and physical exercise in patients with depression. This study suggests that EE may be useful for mitigating the detrimental effects of chronic stress in patients with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Hyun Seong
- Department of Nursing, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Park
- Department of Nursing, Gyeongbuk College of Health, Gimcheon-si, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nursing, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- East-West Nursing Research Institute, College of Nursing Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Aoki Y, Nishimura Y, Hondrich T, Nakayama R, Igata H, Sasaki T, Ikegaya Y. Selective attenuation of electrophysiological activity of the dentate gyrus in a social defeat mouse model. J Physiol Sci 2017; 67:507-513. [PMID: 27573168 PMCID: PMC10717681 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-016-0481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Current research on stress pathology has revealed a set of molecular and cellular mechanisms through which psychosocial stress impairs brain function. However, there are few studies that have examined how chronic stress exposure alters neuronal activity patterns at a network level. Here, we recorded ensemble neuronal activity patterns of the cortico-hippocampal network from urethane-anesthetized mice that were subjected to repeated social defeat stress. In socially defeated mice, the magnitudes of local field potential signals, including theta, slow gamma, and fast gamma oscillations, were significantly reduced in the dentate gyrus, whereas they remained unchanged in the hippocampus and somatosensory cortex. In accordance with the vast majority of histological and biochemical studies, our evidence from electrophysiological investigations highlights the dentate gyrus as a key brain area that is primarily susceptible to stress-induced dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuya Nishimura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Timm Hondrich
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ryota Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Igata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks, 1-4 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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40
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Shilpa BM, Bhagya V, Harish G, Srinivas Bharath MM, Shankaranarayana Rao BS. Environmental enrichment ameliorates chronic immobilisation stress-induced spatial learning deficits and restores the expression of BDNF, VEGF, GFAP and glucocorticoid receptors. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 76:88-100. [PMID: 28288856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Severe and prolonged stress is the main environmental factor that precipitates depression, anxiety and cognitive dysfunctions. On the other hand, exposure to environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to induce progressive plasticity in the brain and improve learning and memory in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. It is not known whether exposure to enriched environment could ameliorate chronic immobilisation stress-induced cognitive deficits and altered molecular markers. Hence, in the present study we aimed to evaluate the effect of enriched environment on chronic immobilisation stress (CIS) associated changes in spatial learning and memory, behavioural measures of anxiety, depression and molecular markers as well as structural alterations. Male Wistar rats were subjected to chronic immobilisation stress for 2h/day/10days followed by 2weeks of exposure to EE. CIS resulted in weight loss, anhedonia, increased immobility, spatial learning and memory impairment, enhanced anxiety, and reduced expression of BDNF, VEGF, GFAP and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in discrete brain regions. Interestingly, stressed rats exposed to enrichment ameliorated behavioural depression, spatial learning and memory impairment and reduced anxiety behaviour. In addition, EE restored BDNF, VEGF, GFAP and GR expression and normalized hypotrophy of dentate gyrus and hippocampus in CIS rats. In contrast, EE did not restore hypertrophy of the amygdalar complex. Thus, EE ameliorates stress-induced cognitive deficits by modulating the neurotrophic factors, astrocytes and glucocorticoid receptors in the hippocampus, frontal cortex and amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Shilpa
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - V Bhagya
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - G Harish
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - M M Srinivas Bharath
- Department of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India
| | - B S Shankaranarayana Rao
- Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560 029, India.
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Nowacka-Chmielewska MM, Paul-Samojedny M, Bielecka-Wajdman AM, Barski JJ, Obuchowicz E. Alterations in VEGF expression induced by antidepressant drugs in female rats under chronic social stress. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:723-730. [PMID: 28352358 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is thought to serve a role in neurogenesis and the stress response. Although a definite link between the action of antidepressants and VEGF has not been identified, it is assumed that VEGF, as a neurotrophic factor, serves an important role in the effects of antidepressant treatment. To examine this, the present study subjected adult female rats to four weeks of social instability stress and measured the effect of antidepressant treatment on the expression of VEGF. Firstly, endocrine markers of stress and body weight were measured in parallel with behavioral tests prior to and following subjection to stress. Then, the effect of 28-day daily treatment with desipramine (DMI; 10 mg/kg), fluoxetine (5 mg/kg) or tianeptine (10 mg/kg) on the number of copies of VEGF mRNA in the amygdala, hippocampus and hypothalamus, and on serum VEGF protein levels, of rats subjected to chronic stress was determined. In addition, the weight of the adrenal glands was measured following subjection to stress. Exposure to chronic stress was found to increase the rats' sucrose preference, and diminish their tendency for general exploration and time spent in the open. The relative adrenal weights of the stressed rats were significantly increased compared with the control. Plasma concentrations of corticosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone were not significantly augmented. In addition, the present study identified that stress elevated VEGF mRNA expression in all studied neural structures. Furthermore, the results identified that the stress-induced increase in VEGF mRNA expression in the amygdala and hypothalamus was attenuated by long-term administration of DMI. Conversely, a decrease in serum VEGF concentration was observed in stressed rats, which was not reversed by treatment with antidepressants. In conclusion, the current study suggests that under conditions of stress, VEGF serves a role in the mechanism of action of DMI, through modulating activity of the norepinephrine system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maria Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Physiotherapy, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; Center For Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Monika Paul-Samojedny
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Pharmacy with The Division of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Bielecka-Wajdman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Jarosław Jerzy Barski
- Center For Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Obuchowicz
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
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Zalewska K, Ong LK, Johnson SJ, Nilsson M, Walker FR. Oral administration of corticosterone at stress-like levels drives microglial but not vascular disturbances post-stroke. Neuroscience 2017; 352:30-38. [PMID: 28288898 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to chronic stress following stroke has been shown, both clinically and pre-clinically, to impact negatively on the recovery process. While this phenomenon is well established, the specific mechanisms involved have remained largely unexplored. One obvious signaling pathway through which chronic stress may impact on the recovery process is via corticosterone, and its effects on microglial activity and vascular remodeling. In the current study, we were interested in examining how orally delivered corticosterone at a stress-like concentration impacted on microglial activity and vascular remodeling after stroke. We identified that corticosterone administration for two weeks following stroke significantly increased tissue loss and decreased the weight of the spleen and thymus. We also identified that corticosterone administration significantly altered the expression of the key microglial complement receptor, CD11b after stroke. Corticosterone administration did not alter the expression of the vessel basement membrane protein, Collagen IV after stroke. Together, these results suggest that corticosterone is likely to represent only one of the major stress signals responsible for driving the negative impacts of chronic stress on recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Zalewska
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Lin Kooi Ong
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah J Johnson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Frederick R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Priority Research Centre for Stroke and Brain Injury, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
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Prenatal stress-induced increases in hippocampal von Willebrand factor expression are prevented by concurrent prenatal escitalopram. Physiol Behav 2016; 172:24-30. [PMID: 27422674 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal stress has been linked to deficits in neurological function including deficient social behavior, alterations in learning and memory, impaired stress regulation, and susceptibility to adult disease. In addition, prenatal environment is known to alter cardiovascular health; however, limited information is available regarding the cerebrovascular consequences of prenatal stress exposure. Vascular disturbances late in life may lead to cerebral hypoperfusion which is linked to a variety of neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. The known impact of cerebrovascular compromise on neuronal function and behavior highlights the importance of characterizing the impact of stress on not just neurons and glia, but also cerebrovasculature. Von Willebrand factor has previously been shown to be impacted by prenatal stress and is predictive of cerebrovascular health. Here we assess the impact of prenatal stress on von Willebrand factor and related angiogenic factors. Furthermore, we assess the potential protective effects of concurrent anti-depressant treatment during in utero stress exposure on the assessed cerebrovascular endpoints. Prenatal stress augmented expression of von Willebrand factor which was prevented by concurrent in utero escitalopram treatment. The functional implications of this increase in von Willebrand factor remain elusive, but the presented data demonstrate that although prenatal stress did not independently impact total vascularization, exposure to chronic stress in adulthood decreased blood vessel length. In addition, the current study demonstrates that production of reactive oxygen species in the hippocampus is decreased by prenatal exposure to escitalopram. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the prenatal experience can cause complex changes in adult cerebral vascular structure and function.
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45
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Semerci F, Maletic-Savatic M. Transgenic mouse models for studying adult neurogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 11:151-167. [PMID: 28473846 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-016-1405-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian hippocampus shows a remarkable capacity for continued neurogenesis throughout life. Newborn neurons, generated by the radial neural stem cells (NSCs), are important for learning and memory as well as mood control. During aging, the number and responses of NSCs to neurogenic stimuli diminish, leading to decreased neurogenesis and age-associated cognitive decline and psychiatric disorders. Thus, adult hippocampal neurogenesis has garnered significant interest because targeting it could be a novel potential therapeutic strategy for these disorders. However, if we are to use neurogenesis to halt or reverse hippocampal-related pathology, we need to understand better the core molecular machinery that governs NSC and their progeny. In this review, we summarize a wide variety of mouse models used in adult neurogenesis field, present their advantages and disadvantages based on specificity and efficiency of labeling of different cell types, and review their contribution to our understanding of the biology and the heterogeneity of different cell types found in adult neurogenic niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Semerci
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mirjana Maletic-Savatic
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Department of Neuroscience, and Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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46
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Wallensten J, Åsberg M, Nygren Å, Szulkin R, Wallén H, Mobarrez F, Nager A. Possible Biomarkers of Chronic Stress Induced Exhaustion - A Longitudinal Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153924. [PMID: 27145079 PMCID: PMC4856355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) have previously been suggested to be potential biomarkers for chronic stress induced exhaustion. The knowledge about VEGF has increased during the last decades and supports the contention that VEGF plays an important role in stress and depression. There is scarce knowledge on the possible relationship of EGF and MCP-1 in chronic stress and depression. This study further examines the role of VEGF, EGF and MCP-1 in women with chronic stress induced exhaustion and healthy women during a follow-up period of two years. Methods and Findings Blood samples were collected from 105 women with chronic stress induced exhaustion on at least 50% sick leave for at least three months, at inclusion (T0), after 12 months (T12) and after 24 months (T24). Blood samples were collected at inclusion (T0) in 116 physically and psychiatrically healthy women. The plasma levels of VEGF, EGF and MCP-1 were analyzed using Biochip Array Technology. Women with chronic stress induced exhaustion had significantly higher plasma levels of VEGF and EGF compared to healthy women at baseline, T12 and at T24. There was no significant difference in plasma levels of MCP-1. Plasma levels of VEGF and EGF decreased significantly in women with chronic stress induced exhaustion during the two years follow-up. Conclusions The replicated findings of elevated levels of VEGF and EGF in women with chronic stress induced exhaustion and decreasing plasma levels of VEGF and EGF during the two years follow-up add important knowledge to the pathophysiology of chronic stress induced exhaustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Wallensten
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Danderyd University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Marie Åsberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Åke Nygren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert Szulkin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Primary Healthcare Center, Stockholms läns landsting, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wallén
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fariborz Mobarrez
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Nager
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Science and Society, Division of Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Fitzsimons CP, Herbert J, Schouten M, Meijer OC, Lucassen PJ, Lightman S. Circadian and ultradian glucocorticoid rhythmicity: Implications for the effects of glucocorticoids on neural stem cells and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 41:44-58. [PMID: 27234350 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress, and within the neuroendocrine reaction to stress specifically the glucocorticoid hormones, are well-characterized inhibitors of neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus, resulting in a marked reduction in the production of new neurons in this brain area relevant for learning and memory. However, the mechanisms by which stress, and particularly glucocorticoids, inhibit neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation remain unclear and under debate. Here we review the literature on the topic and discuss the evidence for direct and indirect effects of glucocorticoids on neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation and adult neurogenesis. Further, we discuss the hypothesis that glucocorticoid rhythmicity and oscillations originating from the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, may be crucial for the regulation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the hippocampus, as well as the implications of this hypothesis for pathophysiological conditions in which glucocorticoid oscillations are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Fitzsimons
- Neuroscience Program, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joe Herbert
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marijn Schouten
- Neuroscience Program, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Onno C Meijer
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Endocrinology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Neuroscience Program, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Stafford Lightman
- Henry Wellcome Laboratories for Integrative Neuroscience and Endocrinology, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Joshi SH, Espinoza RT, Pirnia T, Shi J, Wang Y, Ayers B, Leaver A, Woods RP, Narr KL. Structural Plasticity of the Hippocampus and Amygdala Induced by Electroconvulsive Therapy in Major Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 79:282-92. [PMID: 25842202 PMCID: PMC4561035 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) elicits a rapid and robust clinical response in patients with refractory depression. Neuroimaging measurements of structural plasticity relating to and predictive of ECT response may point to the mechanisms underlying rapid antidepressant effects and establish biomarkers to inform other treatments. Here, we determine the effects of diagnosis and of ECT on global and local variations of hippocampal and amygdala structures in major depression and predictors of ECT-related clinical response. METHODS Longitudinal changes in hippocampal and amygdala structures were examined in patients with major depression (N = 43, scanned three times: prior to ECT, after the second ECT session, and within 1 week of completing the ECT treatment series), referred for ECT as part of their standard clinical care. Cross-sectional comparisons with demographically similar controls (N = 32, scanned twice) established effects of diagnosis. RESULTS Patients showed smaller hippocampal volumes than controls at baseline (p < .04). Both the hippocampal and the amygdala volumes increased with ECT (p < .001) and in relation to symptom improvement (p < .01). Hippocampal volume at baseline predicted subsequent clinical response (p < .05). Shape analysis revealed pronounced morphometric changes in the anterior hippocampus and basolateral and centromedial amygdala. All structural measurements remained stable across time in controls. CONCLUSIONS ECT-induced neuroplasticity in the hippocampus and amygdala relates to improved clinical response and is pronounced in regions with prominent connections to ventromedial prefrontal cortex and other limbic structures. Smaller hippocampal volumes at baseline predict a more robust clinical response. Neurotrophic processes including neurogenesis shown in preclinical studies may underlie these structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu H. Joshi
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Randall T. Espinoza
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of Californi at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tara Pirnia
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jie Shi
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, AZ
| | - Yalin Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, AZ
| | - Brandon Ayers
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Amber Leaver
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Roger P. Woods
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of Californi at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Katherine L. Narr
- Ahmanson-Lovelace Brain Mapping Center, Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of Californi at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Lee S, Kang BM, Shin MK, Min J, Heo C, Lee Y, Baeg E, Suh M. Chronic Stress Decreases Cerebrovascular Responses During Rat Hindlimb Electrical Stimulation. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:462. [PMID: 26778944 PMCID: PMC4688360 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated stress is one of the major risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, including stroke, and vascular dementia. However, the functional alterations in the cerebral hemodynamic response induced by chronic stress have not been clarified. Here, we investigated the in vivo cerebral hemodynamic changes and accompanying cellular and molecular changes in chronically stressed rats. After 3 weeks of restraint stress, the elicitation of stress was verified by behavioral despair in the forced swimming test and by physical indicators of stress. The evoked changes in the cerebral blood volume and pial artery responses following hindpaw electrical stimulation were measured using optical intrinsic signal imaging. We observed that, compared to the control group, animals under chronic restraint stress exhibited a decreased hemodynamic response, with a smaller pial arterial dilation in the somatosensory cortex during hindpaw electrical stimulation. The effect of chronic restraint stress on vasomodulator enzymes, including neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2), was assessed in the somatosensory cortex. Chronic restraint stress downregulated nNOS and HO-2 compared to the control group. In addition, we examined the subtypes of cells that can explain the environmental changes due to the decreased vasomodulators. The expression of parvalbumin in GABAergic interneurons and glutamate receptor-1 in neurons were decreased, whereas the microglial activation was increased. Our results suggest that the chronic stress-induced alterations in cerebral vascular function and the modulations of the cellular expression in the neuro-vasomodulatory system may be crucial contributing factors in the development of various vascular-induced conditions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science Suwon, South Korea
| | - Bok-Man Kang
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoo Shin
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jiwoong Min
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon, South Korea
| | - Chaejeong Heo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yubu Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eunha Baeg
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science Suwon, South Korea
| | - Minah Suh
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic ScienceSuwon, South Korea; Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology, Sungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul, South Korea
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50
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Defeat stress in rodents: From behavior to molecules. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 59:111-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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