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Boetzel C, Stecher HI, Herrmann CS. Aligning Event-Related Potentials with Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation for Modulation-a Review. Brain Topogr 2024:10.1007/s10548-024-01055-1. [PMID: 38689065 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01055-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
This review aims to demonstrate the connections between event-related potentials (ERPs), event-related oscillations (EROs), and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS), with a specific focus on transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). We begin with a short examination and discussion of the relation between ERPs and EROs. Then, we investigate the diverse fields of NIBS, highlighting tACS as a potent tool for modulating neural oscillations and influencing cognitive performance. Emphasizing the impact of tACS on individual ERP components, this article offers insights into the potential of conventional tACS for targeted stimulation of single ERP components. Furthermore, we review recent articles that explore a novel approach of tACS: ERP-aligned tACS. This innovative technique exploits the temporal precision of ERP components, aligning tACS with specific neural events to optimize stimulation effects and target the desired neural response. In conclusion, this review combines current knowledge to explore how ERPs, EROs, and NIBS interact, particularly highlighting the modulatory possibilities offered by tACS. The incorporation of ERP-aligned tACS introduces new opportunities for future research, advancing our understanding of the complex connection between neural oscillations and cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Boetzel
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster for Excellence "Hearing for All", Carl Von Ossietzky University, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114 - 118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Heiko I Stecher
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster for Excellence "Hearing for All", Carl Von Ossietzky University, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114 - 118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster for Excellence "Hearing for All", Carl Von Ossietzky University, Ammerländer Heerstr. 114 - 118, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Neuroimaging Unit, European Medical School, Carl Von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
- Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl Von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Jia S, Meng Y, Wang Q, Ao L, Gao Y, Yang L, Wang H, Liu Y. Intimate Relationships Weaken Female Competition: Evidence from Phase-amplitude Coupling and Event-Related Potentials. Neuroscience 2023; 534:41-53. [PMID: 37884087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Competition, an essential component of social interaction, frequently occurs in daily life, and the impact of intimate relationships on women's competition has not yet been revealed. In this study, the visual target paradigm was used to explore the neural mechanisms underlying the regulation of female competitiveness by intimate relationships using event-related potential (ERP) data, time-frequency analysis, and brain functional connectivity. The research results indicate that, the P1, the N4, and the LPP were sensitive to the impact of intimate relationships on competition. Compared to competition between unfamiliar opposite-gender dyads, the average amplitudes of the N4 and LPP were higher in the late stage of competition between romantic partners. Compared to competition with strangers of the opposite gender, alpha band power was significantly higher when female individuals competed with their romantic partners. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the synchronization of activity in the frontal, parietal, and right temporal lobes of a female's brain and their degree of female engagement in competition. When a female individuals focused on the competition, activity synchronization was higher. The results indicate that competition with unfamiliar individuals of the opposite gender can make female focus on the competitive task, causing synchronous activation of corresponding brain regions. When competing with a romantic partner, women's focus decreases, their willingness to compete decreases, and the synchrony of brain functional connectivity decreases. This study suggests that intimate relationship weakens women's competitiveness, which is of significant importance for understanding high-quality intimate relationship and promoting the development of healthy competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Jia
- Yingjie Liu, School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Yujia Meng
- Yingjie Liu, School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Yingjie Liu, School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Lihong Ao
- Yingjie Liu, School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Yingjie Liu, School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Yingjie Liu, School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - He Wang
- Yingjie Liu, School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- Yingjie Liu, School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Hebei, China.
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Radecke JO, Fiene M, Misselhorn J, Herrmann CS, Engel AK, Wolters CH, Schneider TR. Personalized alpha-tACS targeting left posterior parietal cortex modulates visuo-spatial attention and posterior evoked EEG activity. Brain Stimul 2023; 16:1047-1061. [PMID: 37353071 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Covert visuo-spatial attention is marked by the anticipatory lateralization of neuronal alpha activity in the posterior parietal cortex. Previous applications of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) at the alpha frequency, however, were inconclusive regarding the causal contribution of oscillatory activity during visuo-spatial attention. OBJECTIVE Attentional shifts of behavior and electroencephalography (EEG) after-effects were assessed in a cued visuo-spatial attention paradigm. We hypothesized that parietal alpha-tACS shifts attention relative to the ipsilateral visual hemifield. Furthermore, we assumed that modulations of behavior and neurophysiology are related to individual electric field simulations. METHODS We applied personalized tACS at alpha and gamma frequencies to elucidate the role of oscillatory neuronal activity for visuo-spatial attention. Personalized tACS montages were algorithmically optimized to target individual left and right parietal regions that were defined by an EEG localizer. RESULTS Behavioral performance in the left hemifield was specifically increased by alpha-tACS compared to gamma-tACS targeting the left parietal cortex. This hemisphere-specific effect was observed despite the symmetry of simulated electric fields. In addition, visual event-related potential (ERP) amplitudes showed a reduced lateralization over posterior sites induced by left alpha-tACS. Neuronal sources of this effect were localized in the left premotor cortex. Interestingly, accuracy modulations induced by left parietal alpha-tACS were directly related to electric field magnitudes in the left premotor cortex. CONCLUSION Overall, results corroborate the notion that alpha lateralization plays a causal role in covert visuo-spatial attention and indicate an increased susceptibility of parietal and premotor brain regions of the left dorsal attention network to subtle tACS-neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Ole Radecke
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Marina Fiene
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Misselhorn
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten H Wolters
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Till R Schneider
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
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Kim H, Seo P, Kim MJ, Huh JI, Sunwoo JS, Cha KS, Jeong E, Kim HJ, Jung KY, Kim KH. Characterization of attentional event-related potential from REM sleep behavior disorder patients based on explainable machine learning. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 234:107496. [PMID: 36972628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2023.107496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is a prodromal stage of neurodegeneration and is associated with cortical dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of cortical activities underlying impaired visuospatial attention in iRBD patients using an explainable machine-learning approach. METHODS An algorithm based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) was devised to discriminate cortical current source activities of iRBD patients due to single-trial event-related potentials (ERPs), from those of normal controls. The ERPs from 16 iRBD patients and 19 age- and sex-matched normal controls were recorded while the subjects were performing visuospatial attentional task, and converted to two-dimensional images representing current source densities on flattened cortical surface. The CNN classifier was trained based on overall data, and then, a transfer learning approach was applied for the fine-tuning to each patient. RESULTS The trained classifier yielded high classification accuracy. The critical features for the classification were determined by layer-wise relevance propagation, so that the spatiotemporal characteristics of cortical activities that were most relevant to cognitive impairment in iRBD were revealed. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the recognized dysfunction in visuospatial attention of iRBD patients originates from neural activity impairment in relevant cortical regions and may contribute to the development of useful iRBD biomarkers based on neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Health Science, Yonsei University, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungup-myun, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
| | - Pukyeong Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Health Science, Yonsei University, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungup-myun, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Health Science, Yonsei University, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungup-myun, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
| | - Jun Il Huh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Health Science, Yonsei University, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungup-myun, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Sunwoo
- Department of Neurology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Su Cha
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - El Jeong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Ki-Young Jung
- Department of Neurology Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101, Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Health Science, Yonsei University, 234 Maeji-ri, Heungup-myun, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-710, South Korea.
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Ma HL, Zeng TA, Jiang L, Zhang M, Li H, Su R, Wang ZX, Chen DM, Xu M, Xie WT, Dang P, Bu XO, Zhang T, Wang TZ. Altered resting-state network connectivity patterns for predicting attentional function in deaf individuals: An EEG study. Hear Res 2023; 429:108696. [PMID: 36669260 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple aspects of brain development are influenced by early sensory loss such as deafness. Despite growing evidence of changes in attentional functions for prelingual profoundly deaf, the brain mechanisms underlying these attentional changes remain unclear. This study investigated the relationships between differential attention and the resting-state brain network difference in deaf individuals from the perspective of brain network connectivity. We recruited 36 deaf individuals and 34 healthy controls (HC). We recorded each participant's resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) and the event-related potential (ERP) data from the Attention Network Test (ANT). The coherence (COH) method and graph theory were used to build brain networks and analyze network connectivity. First, the ERPs of analysis in task states were investigated. Then, we correlated the topological properties of the network functional connectivity with the ERPs. The results revealed a significant correlation between frontal-occipital connection in the resting state and the amplitude of alert N1 amplitude in the alpha band. Specifically, clustering coefficients and global and local efficiency correlate negatively with alert N1 amplitude, whereas the characteristic path length positively correlates with alert N1 amplitude. In addition, deaf individuals exhibited weaker frontal-occipital connections compared to the HC group. In executive control, the deaf group had longer reaction times and larger P3 amplitudes. However, the orienting function did not significantly differ from the HC group. Finally, the alert N1 amplitude in the ANT task for deaf individuals was predicted using a multiple linear regression model based on resting-state EEG network properties. Our results suggest that deafness affects the performance of alerting and executive control while orienting functions develop similarly to hearing individuals. Furthermore, weakened frontal-occipital connections in the deaf brain are a fundamental cause of altered alerting functions in the deaf. These results reveal important effects of brain networks on attentional function from the perspective of brain connections and provide potential physiological biomarkers to predicting attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Lin Ma
- Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, No.199, Chang'an Road, Yanta District, Xi 'an, Shaanxi 710062, China; Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University /South China Normal University, 850012/Guangzhou, Lhasa 510631, China
| | - Tong-Ao Zeng
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University /South China Normal University, 850012/Guangzhou, Lhasa 510631, China
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Special Education, Leshan Normal University, Leshan 614000, China
| | - Hao Li
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University /South China Normal University, 850012/Guangzhou, Lhasa 510631, China
| | - Rui Su
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University /South China Normal University, 850012/Guangzhou, Lhasa 510631, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University /South China Normal University, 850012/Guangzhou, Lhasa 510631, China; Department of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, No. 88East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Dong-Mei Chen
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University /South China Normal University, 850012/Guangzhou, Lhasa 510631, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University /South China Normal University, 850012/Guangzhou, Lhasa 510631, China
| | - Wen-Ting Xie
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University /South China Normal University, 850012/Guangzhou, Lhasa 510631, China
| | - Peng Dang
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University /South China Normal University, 850012/Guangzhou, Lhasa 510631, China
| | - Xiao-Ou Bu
- Plateau Brain Science Research Center, Tibet University /South China Normal University, 850012/Guangzhou, Lhasa 510631, China; Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Mental Health Education Center and School of Science, Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China,.
| | - Ting-Zhao Wang
- Faculty of Education, Shaanxi Normal University, No.199, Chang'an Road, Yanta District, Xi 'an, Shaanxi 710062, China.
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6
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Loyola-Navarro R, Moënne-Loccoz C, Vergara RC, Hyafil A, Aboitiz F, Maldonado PE. Voluntary self-initiation of the stimuli onset improves working memory and accelerates visual and attentional processing. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12215. [PMID: 36578387 PMCID: PMC9791366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of an organism to voluntarily control the stimuli onset modulates perceptual and attentional functions. Since stimulus encoding is an essential component of working memory (WM), we conjectured that controlling the initiation of the perceptual process would positively modulate WM. To corroborate this proposition, we tested twenty-five healthy subjects in a modified-Sternberg WM task under three stimuli presentation conditions: an automatic presentation of the stimuli, a self-initiated presentation of the stimuli (through a button press), and a self-initiated presentation with random-delay stimuli onset. Concurrently, we recorded the subjects' electroencephalographic signals during WM encoding. We found that the self-initiated condition was associated with better WM accuracy, and earlier latencies of N1, P2 and P3 evoked potential components representing visual, attentional and mental review of the stimuli processes, respectively. Our work demonstrates that self-initiated stimuli enhance WM performance and accelerate early visual and attentional processes deployed during WM encoding. We also found that self-initiated stimuli correlate with an increased attentional state compared to the other two conditions, suggesting a role for temporal stimuli predictability. Our study remarks on the relevance of self-control of the stimuli onset in sensory, attentional and memory updating processing for WM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Loyola-Navarro
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Educación Diferencial, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Advanced Research in Education, Institute of Education, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristóbal Moënne-Loccoz
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CENIA), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo C. Vergara
- Departamento de Kinesiología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CENIA), Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Educación, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (CIE-UMCE), Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pedro E. Maldonado
- Departamento de Neurociencia, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Santiago, Chile
- Centro Nacional de Inteligencia Artificial (CENIA), Santiago, Chile
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Wu CH, Nien JT, Lin CY, Li RH, Chu CH, Kao SC, Chang YK. Cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with sustained neurocognitive function during a prolonged inhibitory control task in young adults: An ERP study. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14086. [PMID: 35506488 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although beneficial associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive function have been established, whether cardiorespiratory fitness is related to behavioral and neuroelectric indices of performance during a prolonged inhibitory control task remains unknown. Young adults, categorized into High and Low Fitness groups, completed a 60-min Stroop task, while the N1 and P3 components of event-related potentials were measured. The results showed that the High Fitness group demonstrated shorter response times, regardless of the Stroop task congruency or time-on-task, than Low Fitness group. The High Fitness group also exhibited larger P3 amplitudes than the Low Fitness group, but no differences in N1 amplitudes were observed. These findings suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness during young adulthood has beneficial effects on task performance and attention allocation during an inhibitory control task, and these benefits can be sustained for 60 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Han Wu
- Department of Physical Education, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Ti Nien
- Graduate Institute of Athletics and Coaching Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chi-Yen Lin
- Office of Physical Education, National Taiwan Oceans University, Keelung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ruei-Hong Li
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Heng Chu
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chu Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Marusic U, Peskar M, De Pauw K, Omejc N, Drevensek G, Rojc B, Pisot R, Kavcic V. Neural Bases of Age-Related Sensorimotor Slowing in the Upper and Lower Limbs. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:819576. [PMID: 35601618 PMCID: PMC9119024 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.819576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With advanced age, there is a loss of reaction speed that may contribute to an increased risk of tripping and falling. Avoiding falls and injuries requires awareness of the threat, followed by selection and execution of the appropriate motor response. Using event-related potentials (ERPs) and a simple visual reaction task (RT), the goal of our study was to distinguish sensory and motor processing in the upper- and lower-limbs while attempting to uncover the main cause of age-related behavioral slowing. Strength (amplitudes) as well as timing and speed (latencies) of various stages of stimulus- and motor-related processing were analyzed in 48 healthy individuals (young adults, n = 24, mean age = 34 years; older adults, n = 24, mean age = 67 years). The behavioral results showed a significant age-related slowing, where the younger compared to older adults exhibited shorter RTs for the upper- (222 vs. 255 ms; p = 0.006, respectively) and the lower limb (257 vs. 274 ms; p = 0.048, respectively) as well as lower variability in both modalities (p = 0.001). Using ERP indices, age-related slowing of visual stimulus processing was characterized by overall larger amplitudes with delayed latencies of endogenous potentials in older compared with younger adults. While no differences were found in the P1 component, the later components of recorded potentials for visual stimuli processing were most affected by age. This was characterized by increased N1 and P2 amplitudes and delayed P2 latencies in both upper and lower extremities. The analysis of motor-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) revealed stronger MRCP amplitude for upper- and a non-significant trend for lower limbs in older adults. The MRCP amplitude was smaller and peaked closer to the actual motor response for the upper- than for the lower limb in both age groups. There were longer MRCP onset latencies for lower- compared to upper-limb in younger adults, and a non-significant trend was seen in older adults. Multiple regression analyses showed that the onset of the MRCP peak consistently predicted reaction time across both age groups and limbs tested. However, MRCP rise time and P2 latency were also significant predictors of simple reaction time, but only in older adults and only for the upper limbs. Our study suggests that motor cortical processes contribute most strongly to the slowing of simple reaction time in advanced age. However, late-stage cortical processing related to sensory stimuli also appears to play a role in upper limb responses in the elderly. This process most likely reflects less efficient recruitment of neuronal resources required for the upper and lower extremity response task in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Marusic
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea – ECM, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Manca Peskar
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Biological Psychology and Neuroergonomics, Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin De Pauw
- Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Human Robotics Research Center (BruBotics), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nina Omejc
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gorazd Drevensek
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojan Rojc
- Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, Slovenia
- Department of Neurology, Izola General Hospital, Izola, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pisot
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - Voyko Kavcic
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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9
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Perceptual Judgments for Table Tennis Serve Recognition: An Event-Related Potentials Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, visual attention processes in complex, sport-related decision-making tasks were examined. Psychophysiological and performance data recorded from 15 advanced table tennis athletes and 15 intermediate level undergraduates were compared. A total of 240 three-dimensional pictures of stimuli composed of a white ball and hitting location (black shade point) were presented via a screen, in which 25% represented side-backspin serves, and the other 75% represented non-side-topspin serves. Participants were instructed to report the types of serves. The results indicated that table tennis athletes responded more quickly and accurately. C1 and P1components were induced in the occipital region, N1 in the central region, and P3 in all regions. For table tennis athletes, in the phase of early sensory processing for stimuli features (such as hitting location), the cerebral cortex was activated at a higher level in comparison with undergraduates. This may be caused by the long-term exercise training. Athletes have to be very sensitive to the physical features of relevant movement stimuli. In the phase of recognizing stimuli structures or patterns, advanced athletes’ cerebral cortexes were activated higher and faster. This may help them more effectively match visual information about serves to patterns stored in long-term memory.
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10
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Structural and functional brain abnormalities in misophonia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 52:62-71. [PMID: 34273684 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Misophonia is a newly described condition in which specific ordinary sounds provoke disproportionately strong negative affect. Since evidence for neurobiological abnormalities underlying misophonia is scarce, we tested whether misophonia patients differed from healthy controls in grey matter volumes and resting-state functional connectivity. We collected structural magnetic resonance imaging and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 24 misophonia patients and 25 matched controls. Compared to controls, voxel-based morphometry showed larger right amygdala volume in misophonia patients. Follow-up seed-based functional connectivity analysis of the amygdala showed a different pattern of connectivity with the cerebellum, driven by greater connectivity with the left amygdala. Additional data-driven independent component analysis showed greater connectivity within lateral occipital cortices and fusiform gyri in the ventral attention network. We propose that the amygdala enlargement may be associated with heightened emotional reactivity in misophonia. The higher connectivity between left amygdala and cerebellum might be linked to a tendency to exhibit reflex-like physical reactions to triggers. Higher attention network connectivity may reflect sensory enhancement of visual triggers or visual imagery related to trigger sounds. In sum, we found structural and functional abnormalities which implicate dysfunction of emotional and attentional systems in misophonia.
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11
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Wang C, Shen H, Zhu J, Manman N, Liao L, Jiang K, Dong X. Recognition memory for pictures in children with ADHD: an event-related potential study. Int J Neurosci 2021; 133:555-566. [PMID: 34082664 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1936518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with ADHD are reported to accompany by various degrees of recognition memory cognitive deficits. We aimed to investigate age-related changes of the amplitude in event-related potential recordings on recognition memory in Chinese children with ADHD and to provide theoretical basis of neuro-electrophysiology for the cognition development of children. METHOD ERP and behavioral data of 6- to -10-year-old children with ADHD (n = 94) and typically developing controls (TD, n = 96) were collected while the children performed a classical visual study-test paradigm task. RESULTS Children with ADHD have defects in pictures recognition and showed a significantly smaller P2 component than that of TD children. The development of P2 and P3 component were different between the two groups. Moreover, the TD children showed the frontal old/new effect (N2) taken as a correlate of familiarity at 6 years old, and a parietal old/new effect (P3) taken as a correlate of recollection at 9 years old, while children with ADHD showed a parietal old/new effect (P3) only at 6 years old. CONCLUSION Our study provided the novel evidence that recognition memory follow different developmental trajectories at the age of 6-10 between TD and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Children's Health Research Center, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huijuan Shen
- Children's Health Research Center, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Children's Health Research Center, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ni Manman
- Children's Health Research Center, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Liao
- Children's Health Research Center, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaihua Jiang
- Children's Health Research Center, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Dong
- Children's Health Research Center, Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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12
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Garrido-Vásquez P, Wengemuth E, Schubö A. Priming of grasp affordance in an ambiguous object: evidence from ERPs, source localization, and motion tracking. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06870. [PMID: 33997401 PMCID: PMC8099748 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Object affordance refers to possibilities to interact with the objects in our environment, such as grasping. Previous research shows that objects that afford an action activate the motor system and attract attention, for example they elicit an enhanced frontal negativity and posterior P1 in the event-related potential. An effect on posterior N1 is discussed. However, previous findings might have resulted from physical differences between affording and non-affording stimuli, rather than affordance per se. Here we replicated the frontal negativity and posterior P1 effects and further explored the posterior N1 in affordance processing under constant visual input. An ambiguous target was primed either with an affording (pencils) or non-affording (trees) context. Although physically always identical, the target elicited an enhanced frontal negativity and posterior P1 in the pencil prime condition. Posterior N1 was reduced and grip aperture in a grasping task was smaller in the affording context. Source localization revealed stronger activation in occipital and parietal regions for targets in pencil versus tree prime trials. Thus, we successfully show that an ambiguous object primed with an affording context is processed differently than when primed with a non-affording context. This could be related to the ambiguous object acquiring a potential for action through priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Garrido-Vásquez
- Department of Psychology, University of Concepción, Chile.,Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Eileen Wengemuth
- Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Schubö
- Department of Experimental and Biological Psychology, Philipps University Marburg, Germany
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Pinto JO, Vieira De Melo BB, Dores AR, Peixoto B, Geraldo A, Barbosa F. Narrative review of the multisensory integration tasks used with older adults: inclusion of multisensory integration tasks into neuropsychological assessment. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:657-674. [PMID: 33890537 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1914592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Age-related changes in sensory functioning impact the activities of daily living and interact with cognitive decline. Given the interactions between sensory and cognitive functioning, combining multisensory integration (MI) assessment with the neuropsychological assessment of older adults seems promising. This review aims to examine the characteristics and utility of MI tasks in functional and cognitive assessment of older adults, with or without neurocognitive impairment.Areas covered: A literature search was conducted following the quality assessment of narrative review criteria. Results focused on tasks of detection, discrimination, sensory illusion, temporal judgment, and sensory conflict. Studies were not consensual regarding the enhancement of MI with age, but most studies showed that older adults had an expanded time window of integration. In older adults with mild cognitive impairment or major neurocognitive disorder it was a mediating role of the magnitude of visual-somatosensory integration between neurocognitive impairment and spatial aspects of gait.Expert opinion: Recently, some concerns have been raised about how to maximize the ecological validity of the neuropsychological assessment. Since most of our activities of daily living are multisensory and older adults benefit from multisensory information, MI assessment has the potential to improve the ecological validity of the neuropsychological assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana O Pinto
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Human and Social Sciences Department, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruno B Vieira De Melo
- Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health of the Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Artemisa R Dores
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Human and Social Sciences Department, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Psychosocial Rehabilitation Laboratory, Center for Rehabilitation Research, School of Health of the Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Peixoto
- CESPU, University Institute of Health Sciences, Gandra, Portugal.,NeuroGen - Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Geraldo
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Can expectation suppression be explained by reduced attention to predictable stimuli? Neuroimage 2021; 231:117824. [PMID: 33549756 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The expectation-suppression effect - reduced stimulus-evoked responses to expected stimuli - is widely considered to be an empirical hallmark of reduced prediction errors in the framework of predictive coding. Here we challenge this notion by proposing that that expectation suppression could be explained by a reduced attention effect. Specifically, we argue that reduced responses to predictable stimuli can also be explained by a reduced saliency-driven allocation of attention. We base our discussion mainly on findings in the visual cortex and propose that resolving this controversy requires the assessment of qualitative differences between the ways in which attention and surprise enhance brain responses.
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15
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Differential impact of endogenous and exogenous attention on activity in human visual cortex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21274. [PMID: 33277552 PMCID: PMC7718281 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78172-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
How do endogenous (voluntary) and exogenous (involuntary) attention modulate activity in visual cortex? Using ROI-based fMRI analysis, we measured fMRI activity for valid and invalid trials (target at cued/un-cued location, respectively), pre- or post-cueing endogenous or exogenous attention, while participants performed the same orientation discrimination task. We found stronger modulation in contralateral than ipsilateral visual regions, and higher activity in valid- than invalid-trials. For endogenous attention, modulation of stimulus-evoked activity due to a pre-cue increased along the visual hierarchy, but was constant due to a post-cue. For exogenous attention, modulation of stimulus-evoked activity due to a pre-cue was constant along the visual hierarchy, but was not modulated due to a post-cue. These findings reveal that endogenous and exogenous attention distinctly modulate activity in visuo-occipital areas during orienting and reorienting; endogenous attention facilitates both the encoding and the readout of visual information whereas exogenous attention only facilitates the encoding of information.
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16
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Di Russo F, Berchicci M, Bianco V, Perri RL, Pitzalis S, Mussini E. Modulation of anticipatory visuospatial attention in sustained and transient tasks. Cortex 2020; 135:1-9. [PMID: 33341592 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The anticipation of upcoming events is a key-feature of cognition. Previous investigations on anticipatory visuospatial attention mainly adopted transient and-more rarely-sustained tasks, whose main difference consists in the presence of transient or sustained cue stimuli and different involvement of top-down or bottom-up forms of attention. In particular, while top-down control has been suggested to drive sustained attention, it is not clear whether both endogenous and exogenous controls are recruited in transient attention task, or whether the cue-evoked attention may be interpreted as a mainly bottom-up guided process. To solve this issue, the present study focused on the preparatory brain activity of participants performing a sustained and a transient attention task. To this aim, the focus was on pre-stimulus event-related potential (ERP) components, i.e., the prefrontal negativity (pN) and the visual negativity (vN), associated with cognitive and sensorial preparation, emerging from prefrontal and visual areas, respectively. Results indicated that the pN was specific for the sustained task, while the vN emerged for both tasks, although smaller in the transient task, with a hemispheric lateralization contralateral to the attended hemifield. The present findings support the interpretation of the vN as a modality-specific index of attentional preparation, and suggest the presence of cognitive endogenous control in sustained tasks only, as revealed by the presence of a prefrontal activity that was interpreted as the locus of the top-down attentional modulation during the stimulus expectancy stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Russo
- Cognition and Action Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Electrophysiology of Cognition Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marika Berchicci
- Cognition and Action Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Bianco
- Electrophysiology of Cognition Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy; Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Rinaldo L Perri
- Cognition and Action Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; University "Niccolò Cusano", Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Pitzalis
- Cognition and Action Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy; Electrophysiology of Cognition Lab, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Mussini
- Cognition and Action Neuroscience Lab, Dept. of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy
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17
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Li X, Li Y, Wang X, Fan X, Tong W, Hu W. The effects of emotional valence on insight problem solving in global-local processing: An ERP study. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:194-203. [PMID: 32599003 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, some studies have reported that the joint effects of different processing types and emotions can lead to different task outcomes, but it remains unclear how they affect insight problem solving. In this study, we used event-related potentials (ERP) to examine the joint effect and neural mechanism of processing type and emotional valence on insight problem solving. Behavioural results found that, compared to positive emotion, negative emotion promoted insight problem solving in the global processing condition. In contrast, in the local processing condition, positive emotion promoted insight problem solving compared to negative emotion. ERP results further found that local processing elicited larger N1 compared with global processing, indicating more focused visual processing. Importantly, negative emotion in global processing and positive emotion in local processing elicited more negative N450 amplitudes and N600-1200 amplitudes. The findings suggest that negative emotion in global processing and positive emotion in local processing facilitated insight problem solving by promoting the breaking of mental impasses and forming novel associations. The findings contribute to a new understanding of the relationship between emotional valence and insight problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yadan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuewei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaotian Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weishan Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weiping Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; Shaanxi Normal University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment Toward Basic Education Quality at Beijing Normal University, Xi'an, China.
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18
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Allan PG, Briggs RG, Conner AK, O'Neal CM, Bonney PA, Maxwell BD, Baker CM, Burks JD, Sali G, Glenn CA, Sughrue ME. Parcellation-based tractographic modeling of the dorsal attention network. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01365. [PMID: 31536682 PMCID: PMC6790316 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The dorsal attention network (DAN) is an important mediator of goal-directed attentional processing. Multiple cortical areas, such as the frontal eye fields, intraparietal sulcus, superior parietal lobule, and visual cortex, have been linked in this processing. However, knowledge of network connectivity has been devoid of structural specificity. METHODS Using attention-related task-based fMRI studies, an anatomic likelihood estimation (ALE) of the DAN was generated. Regions of interest corresponding to the cortical parcellation scheme previously published under the Human Connectome Project were co-registered onto the ALE in MNI coordinate space and visually assessed for inclusion in the network. DSI-based fiber tractography was performed to determine the structural connections between relevant cortical areas comprising the network. RESULTS Twelve cortical regions were found to be part of the DAN: 6a, 7AM, 7PC, AIP, FEF, LIPd, LIPv, MST, MT, PH, V4t, VIP. All regions demonstrated consistent u-shaped interconnections between adjacent parcellations. The superior longitudinal fasciculus connects the frontal, parietal, and occipital areas of the network. CONCLUSIONS We present a tractographic model of the DAN. This model comprises parcellations within the frontal, parietal, and occipital cortices principally linked through the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Future studies may refine this model with the ultimate goal of clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parker G Allan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Robert G Briggs
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Andrew K Conner
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Christen M O'Neal
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Phillip A Bonney
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Miami, Florida
| | - Brian D Maxwell
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Cordell M Baker
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Joshua D Burks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miami Miller School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Goksel Sali
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Chad A Glenn
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael E Sughrue
- Center for Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery, Prince of Wales Private Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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The Dynamics of Belief Updating in Human Cooperation: Findings from inter-brain ERP hyperscanning. Neuroimage 2019; 198:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Remember to blink: Reduced attentional blink following instructions to forget. Atten Percept Psychophys 2019; 80:1489-1503. [PMID: 29691764 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-018-1528-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study used rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) to determine whether, in an item-method directed forgetting task, study word processing ends earlier for forget words than for remember words. The critical manipulation required participants to monitor an RSVP stream of black nonsense strings in which a single blue word was embedded. The next item to follow the word was a string of red fs that instructed the participant to forget the word or green rs that instructed the participant to remember the word. After the memory instruction, a probe string of black xs or os appeared at postinstruction positions 1-8. Accuracy in reporting the identity of the probe string revealed an attenuated attentional blink following instructions to forget. A yes-no recognition task that followed the study trials confirmed a directed forgetting effect, with better recognition of remember words than forget words. Considered in the context of control conditions that required participants to commit either all or none of the study words to memory, the pattern of probe identification accuracy following the directed forgetting task argues that an intention to forget releases limited-capacity attentional resources sooner than an instruction to remember-despite participants needing to maintain an ongoing rehearsal set in both cases.
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21
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Lum JAG, Lammertink I, Clark GM, Fuelscher I, Hyde C, Enticott PG, Ullman MT. Visuospatial sequence learning on the serial reaction time task modulates the P1 event-related potential. Psychophysiology 2018; 56:e13292. [PMID: 30246295 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether the P1, N1, and P3 ERP components would be sensitive to sequence learning effects on the serial reaction time task. On this task, participants implicitly learn a visuospatial sequence. Participants in this study were 35 healthy adults. Reaction time (RT) data revealed that, at the group level, participants learned the sequence. Specifically, RT became faster following repeated exposure to the visuospatial sequence and then slowed down in a control condition. Analyses of ERP data revealed no evidence for sequence learning effects for the N1 or P3 component. However, sequence learning effects were observed for the P1 component. Mean P1 amplitude mirrored the RT data. The analyses showed that P1 amplitude significantly decreased as participants were exposed to the sequence but then significantly increased in the control condition. This suggests that visuospatial sequence learning can modulate visual attention levels. Specifically, it seems that, as sequence knowledge is acquired, fewer demands are placed on visual attention resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrad A G Lum
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Imme Lammertink
- Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gillian M Clark
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Ian Fuelscher
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Christian Hyde
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Peter G Enticott
- Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael T Ullman
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Tsai CG, Chou TL, Li CW. Roles of posterior parietal and dorsal premotor cortices in relative pitch processing: Comparing musical intervals to lexical tones. Neuropsychologia 2018; 119:118-127. [PMID: 30056054 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Humans use time-varying pitch patterns to convey information in music and speech. Recognition of musical melodies and lexical tones relies on relative pitch (RP), the ability to identify intervals between two pitches. RP processing in music is usually more fine-grained than that in tonal languages. In Western music, there are twelve pitch categories within an octave, whereas there are only three level (non-glide) lexical tones in Taiwanese (or Taiwanese Hokkien, a tonal language). The present study aimed at comparing the neural substrates underlying RP processing of musical melodic intervals with that of level lexical tones in Taiwanese. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data from fourteen participants with good RP were analyzed. The results showed that imagining the sounds of visually presented musical intervals was associated with enhanced activity in the central subregion of the right dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC), right posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and right dorsal precuneus compared to auditory imagery of visually presented Taiwanese bi-character words with level lexical tones. During the sound-congruence-judgement task (auditory imagery of musical intervals or bi-character words, and subsequently judging if the imagined sounds were melodically congruent with heard sounds), the contrast of the musical minus linguistic conditions yielded activity in the bilateral dPMC-PPC network and dorsal precuneus, with the dPMC activated in the rostral subregion. The central dPMC and PPC may mediate the attention-based maintenance of pitch intervals, whereas the dorsal precuneus may support attention control and the spatial/sensorimotor processing of the fine-grained pitch structures of music. When judging the congruence between the imagined and heard musical intervals, the bilateral rostral dPMC may play a role in attention control, working memory, evaluation of motor activities, and monitoring mechanisms. Based on the findings of this study and recent studies of amusia, we suggest that higher order cognitive operations are critical to the more fine-grained pitch processing of musical melodies compared to lexical tones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Gia Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Musicology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Li Chou
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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The effect of feature-based attention on flanker interference processing: An fMRI-constrained source analysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1580. [PMID: 29371681 PMCID: PMC5785471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20049-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study examined whether feature-based cueing affects early or late stages of flanker conflict processing using EEG and fMRI. Feature cues either directed participants' attention to the upcoming colour of the target or were neutral. Validity-specific modulations during interference processing were investigated using the N200 event-related potential (ERP) component and BOLD signal differences. Additionally, both data sets were integrated using an fMRI-constrained source analysis. Finally, the results were compared with a previous study in which spatial instead of feature-based cueing was applied to an otherwise identical flanker task. Feature-based and spatial attention recruited a common fronto-parietal network during conflict processing. Irrespective of attention type (feature-based; spatial), this network responded to focussed attention (valid cueing) as well as context updating (invalid cueing), hinting at domain-general mechanisms. However, spatially and non-spatially directed attention also demonstrated domain-specific activation patterns for conflict processing that were observable in distinct EEG and fMRI data patterns as well as in the respective source analyses. Conflict-specific activity in visual brain regions was comparable between both attention types. We assume that the distinction between spatially and non-spatially directed attention types primarily applies to temporal differences (domain-specific dynamics) between signals originating in the same brain regions (domain-general localization).
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Pahor A, Jaušovec N. The Effects of Theta and Gamma tACS on Working Memory and Electrophysiology. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 11:651. [PMID: 29375347 PMCID: PMC5767723 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A single blind sham-controlled study was conducted to explore the effects of theta and gamma transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on offline performance on working memory tasks. In order to systematically investigate how specific parameters of tACS affect working memory, we manipulated the frequency of stimulation (theta frequency vs. gamma frequency), the type of task (n-back vs. change detection task) and the content of the tasks (verbal vs. figural stimuli). A repeated measures design was used that consisted of three sessions: theta tACS, gamma tACS and sham tACS. In total, four experiments were conducted which differed only with respect to placement of tACS electrodes (bilateral frontal, bilateral parietal, left fronto-parietal and right-fronto parietal). Healthy female students (N = 72) were randomly assigned to one of these groups, hence we were able to assess the efficacy of theta and gamma tACS applied over different brain areas, contrasted against sham stimulation. The pre-post/sham resting electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis showed that theta tACS significantly affected theta amplitude, whereas gamma tACS had no significant effect on EEG amplitude in any of the frequency bands of interest. Gamma tACS did not significantly affect working memory performance compared to sham, and theta tACS led to inconsistent changes in performance on the n-back tasks. Active theta tACS significantly affected P3 amplitude and latency during performance on the n-back tasks in the bilateral parietal and right-fronto parietal protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Pahor
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Norbert Jaušovec
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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Acute Psychological Stress Disrupts Attentional Bias to Threat-Related Stimuli. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14607. [PMID: 29097660 PMCID: PMC5668362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of acute stress on attentional bias to threat using behavioral and ERP methods. Sixty-two male participants were randomly assigned to a stress condition (Trier Social Stress Test) or a control condition. To examine the impact of stress-induced cortisol on attentional bias to threat, participants in the stress group were split into Low- and High cortisol responders. All participants were then administered a modified dot probe task in which the cues were neutral and angry faces. Behavioral results showed a pattern of attentional bias toward threat in the Control group but not in the stress group. For the ERPs, the P100 peaked earlier for the angry-cued targets than the neutral-cued targets in the Control group, which suggests a rapid, adaptive response toward threat. However, this effect was not observed in the stress group, suggesting a suppressed attentional bias under stress. In addition, the stress group (including both Low and High cortisol responders) showed reduced P300 amplitude to target onset than the Control group. These results suggest that acute stress disrupts attentional bias to threat including a reduction in early bias to threat in addition to a subsequent change of attention allocation.
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Hudac CM, Cortesa CS, Ledwidge PS, Molfese DL. History of concussion impacts electrophysiological correlates of working memory. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 132:135-144. [PMID: 29024682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Sports-related concussions occur in approximately 21% of college athletes with implications for long-term cognitive impairments in working memory. Working memory involves the capacity to maintain short-term information and integrate with higher-order cognitive processing for planning and behavior execution, critical skills for optimal cognitive and athletic performance. This study quantified working memory impairments in 36 American football college athletes (18-23years old) using event-related potentials (ERPs). Despite performing similarly in a standard 2-back working memory task, athletes with history of concussion exhibited larger P1 and P3 amplitudes compared to Controls. Concussion History group latencies were slower for the P1 and faster for the N2. Source estimation analyses indicated that previously concussed athletes engaged different brain regions compared to athletes with no concussion history. These findings suggest that ERPs may be a sensitive and objective measure to detect long-term cognitive consequences of concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M Hudac
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, United States.
| | - Cathryn S Cortesa
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, United States.
| | - Patrick S Ledwidge
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Center for Brain, Biology, & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Department of Psychology, Baldwin Wallace University, United States
| | - Dennis L Molfese
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States; Center for Brain, Biology, & Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States.
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Ortiz-Tudela J, Martín-Arévalo E, Chica AB, Lupiáñez J. Semantic incongruity attracts attention at a pre-conscious level: Evidence from a TMS study. Cortex 2017; 102:96-106. [PMID: 28969900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Unpredicted objects, i.e., those that do not fit in a specific context, have been shown to quickly attract attention as a mean of extracting more information about potentially relevant items. Whether the required semantic processing triggering the attraction of attention can occur independently of participants' awareness of the object is still a highly debated topic. In the present study we make use of a change detection task in which we manipulate the semantic congruity between the to-be-detected object and the background scene. We applied inhibitory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the right temporo-parietal junction (right TPJ) and a control location (vertex) to test the causal role of the former in the processing of objects at a pre-conscious level. Our results clearly show that semantic congruity can impact detection and identification processes in opposite ways, even when low-level features are controlled for. Incongruent objects are quickly detected but poorly identified. rTMS over the right TPJ effectively diminishes semantic effects on object detection. These results suggest that at least some high order category processing takes place before conscious detection to direct attention towards the most informative regions of space. Moreover, rTMS over right TPJ also impacts object identification, which calls for a re-evaluation of right TPJ's role on object processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ortiz-Tudela
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Spain.
| | - Elisa Martín-Arévalo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Ana B Chica
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Lupiáñez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC), Universidad de Granada, Spain
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Reuter EM, Voelcker-Rehage C, Vieluf S, Parianen Lesemann F, Godde B. The P3 Parietal-To-Frontal Shift Relates to Age-Related Slowing in a Selective Attention Task. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Older adults recruit relatively more frontal as compared to parietal resources in a variety of cognitive and perceptual tasks. It is not yet clear whether this parietal-to-frontal shift is a compensatory mechanism, or simply reflects a reduction in processing efficiency. In this study we aimed to investigate how the parietal-to-frontal shift with aging relates to selective attention. Fourteen young and 26 older healthy adults performed a color Flanker task under three conditions (incongruent, congruent, neutral) and event-related potentials (ERPs) were measured. The P3 was analyzed for the electrode positions Pz, Cz, and Fz as an indicator of the parietal-to-frontal shift. Further, behavioral performance and other ERP components (P1 and N1 at electrodes O1 and O2; N2 at electrodes Fz and Cz) were investigated. First young and older adults were compared. Older adults had longer response times, reduced accuracy, longer P3 latencies, and a more frontal distribution of P3 than young adults. These results confirm the parietal-to-frontal shift in the P3 with age for the selective attention task. Second, based on the differences between frontal and parietal P3 activity the group of older adults was subdivided into those showing a rather equal distribution of the P3 and older participants showing a strong frontal focus of the P3. Older adults with a more frontally distributed P3 had longer response times than participants with a more equally distributed P3. These results suggest that the frontally distributed P3 observed in older adults has no compensatory function in selective attention but rather indicates less efficient processing and slowing with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Reuter
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany
- Institute of Human Movement Science and Health, Technical University Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Solveig Vieluf
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille cedex, France
| | - Franca Parianen Lesemann
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany
- Department of Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ben Godde
- Jacobs Center on Lifelong Learning and Institutional Development, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany
- Department of Psychology & Methods, Focus Area Diversity, Jacobs University Bremen, Germany
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Prism Adaptation Alters Electrophysiological Markers of Attentional Processes in the Healthy Brain. J Neurosci 2016; 36:1019-30. [PMID: 26791229 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1153-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neglect patients typically show a rightward attentional orienting bias and a strong disengagement deficit, such that they are especially slow in responding to left-sided targets after right-sided cues (Posner et al., 1984). Prism adaptation (PA) can reduce diverse debilitating neglect symptoms and it has been hypothesized that PA's effects are so generalized that they might be mediated by attentional mechanisms (Pisella et al., 2006; Redding and Wallace, 2006). In neglect patients, performance on spatial attention tasks improves after rightward-deviating PA (Jacquin-Courtois et al., 2013). In contrast, in healthy subjects, although there is evidence that leftward-deviating PA induces neglect-like performance on some visuospatial tasks, behavioral studies of spatial attention tasks have mostly yielded negative results (Morris et al., 2004; Bultitude et al., 2013). We hypothesized that these negative behavioral findings might reflect the limitations of behavioral measures in healthy subjects. Here we exploited the sensitivity of event-related potentials to test the hypothesis that electrophysiological markers of attentional processes in the healthy human brain are affected by PA. Leftward-deviating PA generated asymmetries in attentional orienting (reflected in the cue-locked N1) and in attentional disengagement for invalidly cued left targets (reflected in the target-locked P1). This is the first electrophysiological demonstration that leftward-deviating PA in healthy subjects mimics attentional patterns typically seen in neglect patients. Significance statement: Prism adaptation (PA) is a promising tool for ameliorating many deficits in neglect patients and inducing neglect-like behavior in healthy subjects. The mechanisms underlying PA's effects are poorly understood but one hypothesis suggests that it acts by modulating attention. To date, however, there has been no successful demonstration of attentional modulation in healthy subjects. We provide the first electrophysiological evidence that PA acts on attention in healthy subjects by mimicking the attentional pattern typically reported in neglect patients: both a rightward attentional orienting bias (reflected in the cue-locked N1) and a deficit in attentional disengagement from the right hemispace (reflected in the target-locked P1). This study makes an important contribution to refining current models of the mechanisms underlying PA's cognitive effects.
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Tang X, Wu J, Shen Y. The interactions of multisensory integration with endogenous and exogenous attention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 61:208-24. [PMID: 26546734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli from multiple sensory organs can be integrated into a coherent representation through multiple phases of multisensory processing; this phenomenon is called multisensory integration. Multisensory integration can interact with attention. Here, we propose a framework in which attention modulates multisensory processing in both endogenous (goal-driven) and exogenous (stimulus-driven) ways. Moreover, multisensory integration exerts not only bottom-up but also top-down control over attention. Specifically, we propose the following: (1) endogenous attentional selectivity acts on multiple levels of multisensory processing to determine the extent to which simultaneous stimuli from different modalities can be integrated; (2) integrated multisensory events exert top-down control on attentional capture via multisensory search templates that are stored in the brain; (3) integrated multisensory events can capture attention efficiently, even in quite complex circumstances, due to their increased salience compared to unimodal events and can thus improve search accuracy; and (4) within a multisensory object, endogenous attention can spread from one modality to another in an exogenous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tang
- College of Psychology, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, Liaoning, 116029, China; Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Jinglong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and System, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Decision of Complex Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Nandajie, Zhongguancun, Haidian, Beijing 100081, China; Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
| | - Yong Shen
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Functions and Disease, Hefei, China; Center for Advanced Therapeutic Strategies for Brain Disorders, Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL 34243, USA
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Schettino A, Rossi V, Pourtois G, Müller MM. Involuntary attentional orienting in the absence of awareness speeds up early sensory processing. Cortex 2015; 74:107-17. [PMID: 26673944 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A long-standing controversy in the field of human neuroscience has revolved around the question whether attended stimuli are processed more rapidly compared to unattended stimuli. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) experiments employing a temporal order judgment procedure in order to assess whether involuntary attention accelerates sensory processing, as indicated by latency modulations of early visual ERP components. A non-reportable exogenous cue could precede the first target with equal probability at the same (compatible) or opposite (incompatible) location. The use of non-reportable cues promoted automatic, bottom-up attentional capture, and ensured the elimination of any confounds related to the use of stimulus features that are common to both cue and target. Behavioral results confirmed involuntary exogenous orienting towards the unaware cue. ERP results showed that the N1pc, an electrophysiological measure of attentional orienting, was smaller and peaked earlier in compatible as opposed to incompatible trials, indicating cue-dependent changes in magnitude and speed of first target processing in extrastriate visual areas. Complementary Bayesian analysis confirmed the presence of this effect regardless of whether participants were actively looking for the cue (Experiment 1) or were not informed of it (Experiment 2), indicating purely automatic, stimulus-driven orienting mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valentina Rossi
- Department of Experimental - Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilles Pourtois
- Department of Experimental - Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Lundwall RA, Dannemiller JL. Genetic contributions to attentional response time slopes across repeated trials. BMC Neurosci 2015; 16:66. [PMID: 26471374 PMCID: PMC4608133 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-015-0201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Attention provides vital contribution to everyday functioning, and deficits in attention feature in many psychological disorders. Improved understanding of attention may eventually be critical to early identification and treatment of attentional deficits. One step in that direction is to acquire a better understanding of genetic associations with performance on a task measuring reflexive (exogenous) visual attention. Reflexive attention is an important component of overall attention because (along with voluntary selective attention) it participates in determining where attention is allocated and how susceptible to distractors the subject might be. The task that we used involves the presentation of a target that is preceded by one of several different types of cues (none, double, or single, either ipsilateral or contralateral to where the target subsequently appears). We used several different outcome measures depending on the cue presented. We have previously studied the relationship between selected genes and mean response time (RT). Here we report on the contributions of genetic markers to RT increases or decreases over the course of the task (linear trend in RT slope). Results Specifically, we find that RT slope for a variety of reflexive attention outcome measures is dependent on DAT1 genotype. DRD4 was near significant for one outcome measure in the final (best) model. APOE, COMT, and DBH were not significant in any models. Conclusions It is especially interesting that genotype predicts linear changes in RT across trials (and not just mean differences or moment-to-moment variability). DAT1 is a gene that produces a protein involved in the transport of dopamine from the synapse. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has associated neurotransmitter genotypes with RT slope on a reflexive attention experiment. The direction of these effects is consistent with genetic risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). That is, those with two risk alleles for ADHD (6R/6R on the DAT1 intron 8 VNTR) either got slower as the task progressed or had the least improvement. Those with no risk alleles (5R/5R) had the most improvement in RT as the task progressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James L Dannemiller
- Department of Psychology, MS-25, Rice University, P. O. Box 1892, Houston, TX, 77251-1892, USA.
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Chuang LY, Huang CJ, Hung TM. Effects of attentional training on visual attention to emotional stimuli in archers: A preliminary investigation. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:448-54. [PMID: 26348259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Attentional training has been used to modify attentional bias patterns in anxious individuals. This study examined the effect of attentional training on anxious archers' information processing using electrophysiological indices. Eighteen experienced archers with relatively high levels of competitive anxiety were assigned to either a training group or a control group. The training group received a 6-week attentional training protocol that was designed to switch attention away from threats, whereas the control group participated in a placebo training. The results revealed a smaller P1 difference wave for the training group in the posttest compared with pretest, whereas no change in N1 amplitude was found after training. The P1 difference wave finding suggests that more similar visual attentional resources were invested in probes replacing positive cues compared with probes replacing threatening cues after attentional bias training. In particular, archers who accepted training deployed similar attention resources to threatening and positive stimuli but those who accepted sham training avoided attention from threatening stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Ya Chuang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd. Da an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ju Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sport Pedagogy, University of Taipei, No. 101, Sec. 2, Zhongcheng Rd., Shilin Dist., Taipei City 111, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 162, Sec. 1, Heping E. Rd. Da an Dist., Taipei City 106, Taiwan, ROC.
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Zalar B, Martin T, Kavcic V. Cortical configuration by stimulus onset visual evoked potentials (SO-VEPs) predicts performance on a motion direction discrimination task. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 96:125-33. [PMID: 25889693 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The slowing of information processing, a hallmark of cognitive aging, has several origins. Previously we reported that in a motion direction discrimination task, older as compared to younger participants showed prolonged non-decision time, an index of an early perceptual stage, while in motion onset visual evoked potentials (MO-VEPs) the P1 component was enhanced and N2 was diminished. We did not find any significant correlations between behavioral and MO-VEP measures. Here, we investigated the role of age in encoding and perceptual processing of stimulus onset visually evoked potentials (SO-VEPs). Twelve healthy adults (age<55years) and 19 elderly (age>55years) performed a motion direction discrimination task during EEG recording. Prior to motion, the stimulus consisted of a static cloud of white dots on a black background. As expected, SO-VEPs evoked well defined P1, N1, and P2 components. Elderly participants as compared to young participants showed increased P1 amplitude while their P2 amplitude was reduced. In addition elderly participants showed increased latencies for P1 and N1 components. Contrary to the findings with MO-VEPs, SO-VEP parameters were significant predictors of average response times and diffusion model parameters. Our electrophysiological results support the notion that slowing of information processing in older adults starts at the very beginning of encoding in visual cortical processing, most likely in striate and extrastriate visual cortices. More importantly, the earliest SO-VEP components, possibly reflecting configuration of visual cortices and encoding processes, predict subsequent prolonging and tardiness of perceptual and higher-level cognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Zalar
- Biomedical Research Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tim Martin
- Department of Psychology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Voyko Kavcic
- Biomedical Research Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
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Galashan D, Fehr T, Herrmann M. Differences between target and non-target probe processing--combined evidence from fMRI, EEG and fMRI-constrained source analysis. Neuroimage 2015; 111:289-99. [PMID: 25731996 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies reported heterogeneous findings in working memory tasks when examining differences between correct recognition (targets) and correct rejection (non-targets). In the present study, twenty human participants completed a delayed match-to-sample task in two separate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG) sessions. Targets and non-target items were presented at different within-trial positions. We used fMRI-constrained source analysis to investigate the spatio-temporal neuronal dynamics of probe processing. Probe type-related differences were modulated by position in the trial or by the ratio of target stimuli to non-target stimuli at different trial positions. fMRI-constrained source analysis revealed a temporal pattern of source activities starting in occipital and temporal brain regions, followed by a simultaneous engagement of parietal and frontal brain regions and a later activity of a source in pre-SMA (supplementary motor area). Source activities demonstrated a specific involvement of left fusiform gyrus in the non-target condition compared to the target condition that might be associated with mental imagination of the target stimulus during non-target probe processing. Source activities, furthermore, showed the anterior cingulate to be particularly involved in target processing compared to non-target processing before response execution and the pre-SMA before and during response execution. These brain areas appear to be activated in different stages of conflict managing operations due to a lower stimulus frequency of target trials compared to non-target trials at different target positions in the present design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Galashan
- Department of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Center for Cognitive Sciences (ZKW), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Center for Advanced Imaging (CAI), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Fehr
- Department of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Center for Cognitive Sciences (ZKW), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Center for Advanced Imaging (CAI), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Manfred Herrmann
- Department of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Center for Cognitive Sciences (ZKW), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Center for Advanced Imaging (CAI), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.
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Hinojosa JA, Mercado F, Albert J, Barjola P, Peláez I, Villalba-García C, Carretié L. Neural correlates of an early attentional capture by positive distractor words. Front Psychol 2015; 6:24. [PMID: 25674070 PMCID: PMC4306316 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous or automatic attention to emotional distractors has been observed for emotional scenes and faces. In the language domain, however, automatic attention capture by emotional words has been scarcely investigated. In the current event-related potentials study we explored distractor effects elicited by positive, negative and neutral words in a concurrent but distinct target distractor paradigm. Specifically, participants performed a digit categorization task in which task-irrelevant words were flanked by numbers. The results of both temporo-spatial principal component and source location analyses revealed the existence of early distractor effects that were specifically triggered by positive words. At the scalp level, task-irrelevant positive compared to neutral and negative words elicited larger amplitudes in an anterior negative component that peaked around 120 ms. Also, at the voxel level, positive distractor words increased activity in orbitofrontal regions compared to negative words. These results suggest that positive distractor words quickly and automatically capture attentional resources diverting them from the task where attention was voluntarily directed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Hinojosa
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain ; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Mercado
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacobo Albert
- Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain ; Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Barjola
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Peláez
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Carretié
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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Kavcic V, Triplett RL, Das A, Martin T, Huxlin KR. Role of inter-hemispheric transfer in generating visual evoked potentials in V1-damaged brain hemispheres. Neuropsychologia 2015; 68:82-93. [PMID: 25575450 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Partial cortical blindness is a visual deficit caused by unilateral damage to the primary visual cortex, a condition previously considered beyond hopes of rehabilitation. However, recent data demonstrate that patients may recover both simple and global motion discrimination following intensive training in their blind field. The present experiments characterized motion-induced neural activity of cortically blind (CB) subjects prior to the onset of visual rehabilitation. This was done to provide information about visual processing capabilities available to mediate training-induced visual improvements. Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs) were recorded from two experimental groups consisting of 9 CB subjects and 9 age-matched, visually-intact controls. VEPs were collected following lateralized stimulus presentation to each of the 4 visual field quadrants. VEP waveforms were examined for both stimulus-onset (SO) and motion-onset (MO) related components in postero-lateral electrodes. While stimulus presentation to intact regions of the visual field elicited normal SO-P1, SO-N1, SO-P2 and MO-N2 amplitudes and latencies in contralateral brain regions of CB subjects, these components were not observed contralateral to stimulus presentation in blind quadrants of the visual field. In damaged brain hemispheres, SO-VEPs were only recorded following stimulus presentation to intact visual field quadrants, via inter-hemispheric transfer. MO-VEPs were only recorded from damaged left brain hemispheres, possibly reflecting a native left/right asymmetry in inter-hemispheric connections. The present findings suggest that damaged brain hemispheres contain areas capable of responding to visual stimulation. However, in the absence of training or rehabilitation, these areas only generate detectable VEPs in response to stimulation of the intact hemifield of vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Voyko Kavcic
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, USA
| | - Regina L Triplett
- Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY, USA; Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anasuya Das
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tim Martin
- Dept. Psychology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Krystel R Huxlin
- Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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Event-Related Brain Potentials in the Study of Inhibition: Cognitive Control, Source Localization and Age-Related Modulations. Neuropsychol Rev 2014; 24:461-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s11065-014-9275-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tan J, Zhao Y, Wu S, Wang L, Hitchman G, Tian X, Li M, Hu L, Chen A. The temporal dynamics of visual working memory guidance of selective attention. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:345. [PMID: 25309377 PMCID: PMC4176477 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The biased competition model proposes that there is top-down directing of attention to a stimulus matching the contents of working memory (WM), even when the maintenance of a WM representation is detrimental to target relevant performance. Despite many studies elucidating that spatial WM guidance can be present early in the visual processing system, whether visual WM guidance also influences perceptual selection remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the electrophysiological correlates of early guidance of attention by WM in humans. Participants were required to perform a visual search task while concurrently maintaining object representations in their visual WM. Behavioral results showed that response times (RTs) were longer when the distractor in the visual search task was held in WM. The earliest WM guidance effect was observed in the P1 component (90–130 ms), with match trials eliciting larger P1 amplitude than mismatch trials. A similar result was also found in the N1 component (160–200 ms). These P1 and N1 effects could not be attributed to bottom-up perceptual priming from the presentation of a memory cue, because there was no significant difference in early event-related potential (ERP) component when the cue was merely perceptually identified but not actively held in WM. Standardized Low Resolution Electrical Tomography Analysis (sLORETA) showed that the early WM guidance occurred in the occipital lobe and the N1-related activation occurred in the parietal gyrus. Time-frequency data suggested that alpha-band event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) magnitudes increased under the match condition compared with the mismatch condition only when the cue was held in WM. In conclusion, the present study suggests that the reappearance of a stimulus held in WM enhanced activity in the occipital area. Subsequently, this initial capture of attention by WM could be inhibited by competing visual inputs through attention re-orientation, reflecting by the alpha-band rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanfang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Glenn Hitchman
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China ; Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Li Hu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
| | - Antao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University Chongqing, China
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The boundary condition for observing compensatory responses by the elderly in a flanker-task paradigm. Biol Psychol 2014; 103:69-82. [PMID: 25168289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a baseline condition to observe ERP responses for older adults in a conventional flanker-task paradigm, in which neither a reversal response rule toward a target nor a color-coded target was employed. In addition, this study aimed to examine whether the previous finding of the compensatory responses reflected on event-related potential (ERP) for older adults in performing a flanker task was due to the specific demand of the reversal response rule toward a target or simply due to the pop-out effect with a singleton target manipulation. The results of the current study showed that (1) some of the previously thought-to-be compensatory ERP responses might not really reflect compensatory responses; (2) the previous finding of age-related ERP compensatory responses was mainly due to the manipulation of the reversal response rule condition; and (3) in some scenarios of flanker-task paradigms, older adults were just as capable as younger adults in conquer with the flanker interference even though no ERP compensatory responses were found.
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41
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Chang YK, Huang CJ, Chen KF, Hung TM. Physical activity and working memory in healthy older adults: an ERP study. Psychophysiology 2014; 50:1174-82. [PMID: 24308044 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of physical activity on working memory in older adults using both behavioral and neuroelectric measures. Older adults were assigned to either a higher or lower physical activity group, and event-related potentials were recorded during assessments of a modified Sternberg task. The results indicated that older adults in the higher physical activity group exhibited shorter response times, independent of the working memory load. Enhanced P3 and N1 amplitudes and a decreased P3 latency were observed in the higher physical activity group. These findings suggested that physical activity facilitates working memory by allocating more attentional resources and increasing the efficiency of evaluating the stimulus during the retrieval phase as well as engaging more attentional resources for the early discriminative processes during the encoding phase of a working memory task.
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42
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Positive and negative emotions modulate attention allocation in color-flanker task processing: Evidence from event related potentials. MOTIVATION AND EMOTION 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11031-013-9387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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43
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Jones A, Forster B. Independent effects of endogenous and exogenous attention in touch. Somatosens Mot Res 2013; 30:161-6. [PMID: 23590842 DOI: 10.3109/08990220.2013.779243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous and exogenous attention in touch have typically been investigated separately. Here we use a double-cueing paradigm manipulating both types of orienting in each trial. Bilateral endogenous cues induced long-lasting facilitation of endogenous attention up to 2 s. However, the exogenous cue only elicited an effect at short intervals. Our results favour a supramodal account of attention and this study provides new insight into how endogenous and exogenous attention operates in the tactile modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jones
- Laboratoire Psychologie de la Perception, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France and
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Daffner KR, Haring AE, Alperin BR, Zhuravleva TY, Mott KK, Holcomb PJ. The impact of visual acuity on age-related differences in neural markers of early visual processing. Neuroimage 2013; 67:127-36. [PMID: 23153966 PMCID: PMC3545036 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which age-related differences in neural markers of visual processing are influenced by changes in visual acuity has not been systematically investigated. Studies often indicate that their subjects had normal or corrected-to-normal vision, but the assessment of visual acuity seems to most frequently be based only on self-report. Consistent with prior research, to be included in the current study, subjects had to report normal or corrected-to-normal vision. Additionally, visual acuity was formally tested using a Snellen eye chart. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were studied in young adults (18-32years old), young-old adults (65-79years old), and old-old adults (80+ years old) while they performed a visual processing task involving selective attention to color. Age-related differences in the latency and amplitude of ERP markers of early visual processing, the posterior P1 and N1 components, were examined. All results were then re-analyzed after controlling for visual acuity. We found that visual acuity declined as a function of age. Accounting for visual acuity had an impact on whether older and younger adults differed significantly in the size and latency of the posterior P1 and N1 components. After controlling for visual acuity, age-related increases in P1 and N1 latency did not remain significant, and older adults were found to have a larger P1 amplitude than young adults. Our results suggest that until the relationship between age-associated differences in visual acuity and early ERPs is clearly established, investigators should be cautious when interpreting the meaning of their findings. Self-reports about visual acuity may be inaccurate, necessitating formal measures. Additional investigation is needed to help establish guidelines for future research, especially of very old adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk R Daffner
- Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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The Tölz Temporal Topography Study: mapping the visual field across the life span. Part II: cognitive factors shaping visual field maps. Atten Percept Psychophys 2012; 74:1133-44. [PMID: 22528607 PMCID: PMC5486677 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-012-0279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Part I described the topography of visual performance over the life span. Performance decline was explained only partly by deterioration of the optical apparatus. Part II therefore examines the influence of higher visual and cognitive functions. Visual field maps for 95 healthy observers of static perimetry, double-pulse resolution (DPR), reaction times, and contrast thresholds, were correlated with measures of visual attention (alertness, divided attention, spatial cueing), visual search, and the size of the attention focus. Correlations with the attentional variables were substantial, particularly for variables of temporal processing. DPR thresholds depended on the size of the attention focus. The extraction of cognitive variables from the correlations between topographical variables and participant age substantially reduced those correlations. There is a systematic top-down influence on the aging of visual functions, particularly of temporal variables, that largely explains performance decline and the change of the topography over the life span.
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Elling L, Schupp H, Bayer J, Bröckelmann AK, Steinberg C, Dobel C, Junghofer M. The impact of acute psychosocial stress on magnetoencephalographic correlates of emotional attention and exogenous visual attention. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35767. [PMID: 22701552 PMCID: PMC3372507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced acute activation of the cerebral catecholaminergic systems has often been found in rodents. However, little is known regarding the consequences of this activation on higher cognitive functions in humans. Theoretical inferences would suggest increased distractibility in the sense of increased exogenous attention and emotional attention. The present study investigated the influence of acute stress responses on magnetoencephalographic (MEG) correlates of visual attention. Healthy male subjects were presented emotional and neutral pictures in three subsequent MEG recording sessions after being exposed to a TSST-like social stressor, intended to trigger a HPA-response. The subjects anticipation of another follow-up stressor was designed to sustain the short-lived central catecholaminergic stress reactions throughout the ongoing MEG recordings. The heart rate indicates a stable level of anticipatory stress during this time span, subsequent cortisol concentrations and self-report measures of stress were increased. With regard to the MEG correlates of attentional functions, we found that the N1m amplitude remained constantly elevated during stressor anticipation. The magnetic early posterior negativity (EPNm) was present but, surprisingly, was not at all modulated during stressor anticipation. This suggests that a general increase of the influence of exogenous attention but no specific effect regarding emotional attention in this time interval. Regarding the time course of the effects, an influence of the HPA on these MEG correlates of attention seems less likely. An influence of cerebral catecholaminergic systems is plausible, but not definite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludger Elling
- Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignalanalysis, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
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Hsieh S, Fang W. Elderly adults through compensatory responses can be just as capable as young adults in inhibiting the flanker influence. Biol Psychol 2012; 90:113-26. [PMID: 22445781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
Human perception is highly flexible and adaptive. Selective processing is tuned dynamically according to current task goals and expectations to optimize behavior. Arguably, the major source of our expectations about events yet to unfold is our past experience; however, the ability of long-term memories to bias early perceptual analysis has remained untested. We used a noninvasive method with high temporal resolution to record neural activity while human participants detected visual targets that appeared at remembered versus novel locations within naturalistic visual scenes. Upon viewing a familiar scene, spatial memories changed oscillatory brain activity in anticipation of the target location. Memory also enhanced neural activity during early stages of visual analysis of the target and improved behavioral performance. Both measures correlated with subsequent target-detection performance. We therefore demonstrated that memory can directly enhance perceptual functions in the human brain.
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Audiovisual temporal discrimination is less efficient with aging: an event-related potential study. Neuroreport 2011; 22:554-8. [PMID: 21691233 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0b013e328348c731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the crossmodal temporal discrimination deficit characterizing older adults and its event-related potential (electroencephalogram) correlates using an audiovisual temporal order judgment task. Audiovisual stimuli were presented at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA) of 70 or 270 ms. Older were less accurate than younger adults with an SOA of 270 ms but not 70 ms. With an SOA of 270 ms only, older adults had smaller posterior P1 and frontocentral N1 amplitudes for visual stimuli in auditory-visual trials and auditory stimuli in visual-auditory trials, respectively. These results suggest a deficit in cross-sensory processing with aging reflected at the behavioural and neural level, and suggest an impairment in switching between modalities even when the inputs are separated by long temporal intervals.
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50
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Spatio-temporal indications of sub-cortical involvement in leftward bias of spatial attention. Neuroimage 2011; 54:3010-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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