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Fan X, Zhan M, Song W, Yao M, Wang G, Li T, Zhang Y, Liu J. Metabolomics-Based Effects of a Natural Product on Remyelination After Cerebral Ischemia Injury Via GABABR-pCREB-BDNF Pathway. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2024; 38:350-363. [PMID: 38491852 DOI: 10.1177/15459683241238733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Yi-Qi-Tong-Luo Granules (YQTLs) is a natural compound of Traditional Chinese Medicine authorized by China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA). These granules are employed in the convalescent stage of cerebral infarction and render notable clinical efficacy. This study aims to uncover the underlying mechanisms of YQTLs on remyelination after cerebral ischemia injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established cerebral ischemia model in rats using microsphere-induced multiple cerebral infarction (MCI). We evaluated the pharmacological effects of YQTLs on MCI rats, through Morri's water maze test, open field test, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and glycine silver immersion. We employed liquid chromatography mass spectrometry metabolomics to identify differential metabolites. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was utilized to measure the release of neurotrophins, while immunofluorescence staining was used to assess oligodendrocyte precursor cells differences and myelin regeneration. We used Western blotting to validate the protein expression of remyelination-associated signaling pathways. RESULTS YQTLs significantly improves cognitive function following cerebral ischemia injury. Pathological tissue staining revealed that YQTLs administration inhibits neuronal denaturation and neurofibrillary tangles. We identified 141 differential metabolites among the sham, MCI, and YQTLs-treated MCI groups. Among these metabolites, neurotransmitters were identified, and notably, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) showed marked improvement in the YQTLs group. The induction of neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and PDGFAA, upregulation of olig2 and MBP expression, and promotion of remyelination were evident in YQTLs-treated MCI groups. Gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptors (GABABR), pERK/extracellular regulated MAP kinase, pAKT/protein kinase B, and pCREB/cAMP response element-binding were upregulated following YQTLs treatment. CONCLUSION YQTLs enhance the binding of GABA to GABABR, thereby activating the pCREB/BDNF signaling pathway, which in turn increases the expression of downstream myelin-associated proteins and promotes remyelination and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Fan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Min Zhan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Song
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjiang Yao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Guangrui Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yehao Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing, China
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Bao S, Romero JM, Belfort BD, Arenkiel BR. Signaling mechanisms underlying activity-dependent integration of adult-born neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb. Genesis 2024; 62:e23595. [PMID: 38553878 PMCID: PMC10987073 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis has fascinated the field of neuroscience for decades given the prospects of harnessing mechanisms that facilitate the rewiring and/or replacement of adult brain tissue. The subgranular zone of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle are the two main areas in the brain that exhibit ongoing neurogenesis. Of these, adult-born neurons within the olfactory bulb have proven to be a powerful model for studying circuit plasticity, providing a broad and accessible avenue into neuron development, migration, and continued circuit integration within adult brain tissue. This review focuses on some of the recognized molecular and signaling mechanisms underlying activity-dependent adult-born neuron development. Notably, olfactory activity and behavioral states contribute to adult-born neuron plasticity through sensory and centrifugal inputs, in which calcium-dependent transcriptional programs, local translation, and neuropeptide signaling play important roles. This review also highlights areas of needed continued investigation to better understand the remarkable phenomenon of adult-born neuron integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyang Bao
- Development, Disease Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Juan M. Romero
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D.W. Belfort
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin R. Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Rübe CE, Raid S, Palm J, Rübe C. Radiation-Induced Brain Injury: Age Dependency of Neurocognitive Dysfunction Following Radiotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112999. [PMID: 37296960 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial radiotherapy is a known risk factor for neurocognitive impairment in cancer survivors. Although radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is observed in patients of all ages, children seem to be more vulnerable than adults to suffering age-related deficits in neurocognitive skills. So far, the underlying mechanisms by which IR negatively influences brain functions as well as the reasons for the profound age dependency are still insufficiently known. We performed a comprehensive Pubmed-based literature search to identify original research articles that reported on age dependency of neurocognitive dysfunction following cranial IR exposure. Numerous clinical trials in childhood cancer survivors indicate that the severity of radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction is clearly dependent on age at IR exposure. These clinical findings were related to the current state of experimental research providing important insights into the age dependency of radiation-induced brain injury and the development of neurocognitive impairment. Research in pre-clinical rodent models demonstrates age-dependent effects of IR exposure on hippocampal neurogenesis, radiation-induced neurovascular damage and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Rübe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse Building 6.5, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Silvia Raid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse Building 6.5, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Jan Palm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse Building 6.5, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Christian Rübe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Kirrbergerstrasse Building 6.5, 66421 Homburg, Germany
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4
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Abbate C. The Adult Neurogenesis Theory of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023:JAD221279. [PMID: 37182879 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease starts in neural stem cells (NSCs) in the niches of adult neurogenesis. All primary factors responsible for pathological tau hyperphosphorylation are inherent to adult neurogenesis and migration. However, when amyloid pathology is present, it strongly amplifies tau pathogenesis. Indeed, the progressive accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β deposits in the brain triggers a state of chronic inflammation by microglia. Microglial activation has a significant pro-neurogenic effect that fosters the process of adult neurogenesis and supports neuronal migration. Unfortunately, this "reactive" pro-neurogenic activity ultimately perturbs homeostatic equilibrium in the niches of adult neurogenesis by amplifying tau pathogenesis in AD. This scenario involves NSCs in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus in late-onset AD (LOAD) and NSCs in the ventricular-subventricular zone along the lateral ventricles in early-onset AD (EOAD), including familial AD (FAD). Neuroblasts carrying the initial seed of tau pathology travel throughout the brain via neuronal migration driven by complex signals and convey the disease from the niches of adult neurogenesis to near (LOAD) or distant (EOAD) brain regions. In these locations, or in close proximity, a focus of degeneration begins to develop. Then, tau pathology spreads from the initial foci to large neuronal networks along neural connections through neuron-to-neuron transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Abbate
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
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5
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Wagner W, Sobierajska K, Pułaski Ł, Stasiak A, Ciszewski WM. Whole grain metabolite 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a beneficial nutritional molecule with the feature of a double-edged sword in human health: a critical review and dietary considerations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37096487 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonprocessed foodstuffs of plant origin, especially whole-grain cereals, are considered to be health-promoting components of the human diet. While most of their well-studied effects derive from their high fiber content and low glycemic index, the presence of underrated phenolic phytonutrients has recently been brought to the attention of nutritionists. In this review, we report and discuss findings on the sources and bioactivities of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA), which is both a direct dietary component (found, e.g., in apples) and, more importantly, a crucial metabolite of whole-grain cereal-derived alkylresorcinols (ARs). 3,5-DHBA is a recently described exogenous agonist of the HCAR1/GPR81 receptor. We concentrate on the HCAR1-mediated effects of 3,5-DHBA in the nervous system, on the maintenance of cell stemness, regulation of carcinogenesis, and response to anticancer therapy. Unexpectedly, malignant tumors take advantage of HCAR1 expression to sense 3,5-DHBA to support their growth. Thus, there is an urgent need to fully identify the role of whole-grain-derived 3,5-DHBA during anticancer therapy and its contribution in the regulation of vital organs of the body via its specific HCAR1 receptor. We discuss here in detail the possible consequences of the modulatory capabilities of 3,5-DHBA in physiological and pathological conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Wagner
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Pułaski
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Stasiak
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Ciszewski
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Ma J, Hu Z, Yue H, Luo Y, Wang C, Wu X, Gu Y, Wang L. GRM2 Regulates Functional Integration of Adult-Born DGCs by Paradoxically Modulating MEK/ERK1/2 Pathway. J Neurosci 2023; 43:2822-2836. [PMID: 36878727 PMCID: PMC10124958 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1886-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (GRM2) is highly expressed in hippocampal dentate granule cells (DGCs), regulating synaptic transmission and hippocampal functions. Newborn DGCs are continuously generated throughout life and express GRM2 when they are mature. However, it remained unclear whether and how GRM2 regulates the development and integration of these newborn neurons. We discovered that the expression of GRM2 in adult-born DGCs increased with neuronal development in mice of both sexes. Lack of GRM2 caused developmental defects of DGCs and impaired hippocampus-dependent cognitive functions. Intriguingly, our data showed that knockdown of Grm2 resulted in decreased b/c-Raf kinases and paradoxically led to an excessive activation of MEK/ERK1/2 pathway. Inhibition of MEK ameliorated the developmental defects caused by Grm2 knockdown. Together, our results indicate that GRM2 is necessary for the development and functional integration of newborn DGCs in the adult hippocampus through regulating the phosphorylation and activation state of MEK/ERK1/2 pathway.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (GRM2) is highly expressed in mature dentate granule cells (DGCs) in the hippocampus. It remains unclear whether GRM2 is required for the development and integration of adult-born DGCs. We provided in vivo and in vitro evidence to show that GRM2 regulates the development of adult-born DGCs and their integration into existing hippocampal circuits. Lack of GRM2 in a cohort of newborn DGCs impaired object-to-location memory in mice. Moreover, we revealed that GRM2 knockdown paradoxically upregulated MEK/ERK1/2 pathway by suppressing b/c-Raf in developing neurons, which is likely a common mechanism underlying the regulation of the development of neurons expressing GRM2. Thus, Raf/MEK/ERK1/2 pathway could be a potential target for brain diseases related to GRM2 abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ma
- Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhechun Hu
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Yue
- Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujian Luo
- Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, and Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Wang
- Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310027 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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7
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Li K, Figarella K, Su X, Kovalchuk Y, Gorzolka J, Neher JJ, Mojtahedi N, Casadei N, Hedrich UBS, Garaschuk O. Endogenous but not sensory-driven activity controls migration, morphogenesis and survival of adult-born juxtaglomerular neurons in the mouse olfactory bulb. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:98. [PMID: 36932186 PMCID: PMC10023654 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The development and survival of adult-born neurons are believed to be driven by sensory signaling. Here, in vivo analyses of motility, morphology and Ca2+ signaling, as well as transcriptome analyses of adult-born juxtaglomerular cells with reduced endogenous excitability (via cell-specific overexpression of either Kv1.2 or Kir2.1 K+ channels), revealed a pronounced impairment of migration, morphogenesis, survival, and functional integration of these cells into the mouse olfactory bulb, accompanied by a reduction in cytosolic Ca2+ fluctuations, phosphorylation of CREB and pCREB-mediated gene expression. Moreover, K+ channel overexpression strongly downregulated genes involved in neuronal migration, differentiation, and morphogenesis and upregulated apoptosis-related genes, thus locking adult-born cells in an immature and vulnerable state. Surprisingly, cells deprived of sensory-driven activity developed normally. Together, the data reveal signaling pathways connecting the endogenous intermittent neuronal activity/Ca2+ fluctuations as well as enhanced Kv1.2/Kir2.1 K+ channel function to migration, maturation, and survival of adult-born neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizhen Li
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Physiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katherine Figarella
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yury Kovalchuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jessika Gorzolka
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas J Neher
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nima Mojtahedi
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- NGS Competence Center Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B S Hedrich
- Department of Neurology and Epileptology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Olga Garaschuk
- Department of Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Zhang Q, Liu J, Chen L, Zhang M. Promoting Endogenous Neurogenesis as a Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:1353-1368. [PMID: 36445633 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most universal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. AD is biologically defined by production and aggregation of misfolded protein including extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) peptide and intracellular microtubule-associated protein tau tangles in neurons, leading to irreversible neuronal loss. At present, regulation of endogenous neurogenesis to supplement lost neurons has been proposed as a promising strategy for treatment of AD. However, the exact underlying mechanisms of impaired neurogenesis in AD have not been fully explained and effective treatments targeting neurogenesis for AD are limited. In this review, we mainly focus on the latest research of impaired neurogenesis in AD. Then we discuss the factors affecting stages of neurogenesis and the interplay between neural stem cells (NSCs) and neurogenic niche under AD pathological conditions. This review aims to explore potential therapeutic strategies that promote endogenous neurogenesis for AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jingyue Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China. .,School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
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Loan A, Leung JWH, Cook DP, Ko C, Vanderhyden BC, Wang J, Chan HM. Prenatal low-dose methylmercury exposure causes premature neuronal differentiation and autism-like behaviors in a rodent model. iScience 2023; 26:106093. [PMID: 36843845 PMCID: PMC9947313 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant neurodevelopment is a core deficit of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here we ask whether a non-genetic factor, prenatal exposure to the environmental pollutant methylmercury (MeHg), is a contributing factor in ASD onset. We showed that adult mice prenatally exposed to non-apoptotic MeHg exhibited key ASD characteristics, including impaired communication, reduced sociability, and increased restrictive repetitive behaviors, whereas in the embryonic cortex, prenatal MeHg exposure caused premature neuronal differentiation. Further single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis disclosed that prenatal exposure to MeHg resulted in cortical radial glial precursors (RGPs) favoring asymmetric differentiation to directly generate cortical neurons, omitting the intermediate progenitor stage. In addition, MeHg exposure in cultured RGPs increased CREB phosphorylation and enhanced the interaction between CREB and CREB binding protein (CBP). Intriguingly, metformin, an FDA-approved drug, can reverse MeHg-induced premature neuronal differentiation via CREB/CBP repulsion. These findings provide insights into ASD etiology, its underlying mechanism, and a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Loan
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joseph Wai-Hin Leung
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David P. Cook
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chelsea Ko
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Barbara C. Vanderhyden
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jing Wang
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,Corresponding author
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada,Corresponding author
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10
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Zhu X, Liu H, Deng Z, Yan C, Liu Y, Yin X. Hesperidin Exerts Anxiolytic-like Effects in Rats with Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetes via PKA/CREB Signaling. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2023; 16:91-100. [PMID: 35289260 DOI: 10.2174/1573413718666220314140848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying synaptic injury and anxiety-like behavioral changes caused by diabetes and the strategies to reverse these changes are not well understood. OBJECTIVES This study examined the neuroprotective effects of hesperidin on anxiety-like behaviors in diabetic rats and investigated the underlying mechanisms from the perspective of the PKA/CREB pathway. METHODS Rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated orally with hesperidin (50 and 150 mg/kg) for 10 weeks. The elevated plus maze (EPM), hole board test (HBT), and marbleburying test (MBT) were used to assess anxiety-like behaviors. We further examined the effects of hesperidin on the PKA/CREB pathway in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The results show that supplementation with hesperidin exerted anxiolytic effects on the diabetic rats, as evidenced by increased percentages of open arm entries and time spent in the open arms in the EPM; decreased numbers of hole visits in the HBT; decreased numbers of marbles buried; and increased expression of PKA, CREB, BDNF, and synaptic proteins in the amygdala and hippocampus of diabetic rats. Hesperidin was found to reverse the imbalance in the PKA/CREB/BDNF pathway. In vitro, we found that the PKA inhibitor H89 reversed the protective effects of hesperidin against cell injury and reversed the HG-induced expression of PKA, pCREB/CREB, and BDNF. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that hesperidin could ameliorate the anxiety-like behaviors of diabetic rats and that activating the PKA/CREB/BDNF pathway contributed to the beneficial effects. This study may provide important insights into the mechanisms underlying anxiety-like behaviors in diabetes and identify new therapeutic targets for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Zongli Deng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Chuanzhi Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Yaowu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
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Hagihara H, Shoji H, Kuroiwa M, Graef IA, Crabtree GR, Nishi A, Miyakawa T. Forebrain-specific conditional calcineurin deficiency induces dentate gyrus immaturity and hyper-dopaminergic signaling in mice. Mol Brain 2022; 15:94. [PMID: 36414974 PMCID: PMC9682671 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-022-00981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin (Cn), a phosphatase important for synaptic plasticity and neuronal development, has been implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease. Forebrain-specific conditional Cn knockout mice have been known to exhibit multiple behavioral phenotypes related to these disorders. In this study, we investigated whether Cn mutant mice show pseudo-immaturity of the dentate gyrus (iDG) in the hippocampus, which we have proposed as an endophenotype shared by these disorders. Expression of calbindin and GluA1, typical markers for mature DG granule cells (GCs), was decreased and that of doublecortin, calretinin, phospho-CREB, and dopamine D1 receptor (Drd1), markers for immature GC, was increased in Cn mutants. Phosphorylation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) substrates (GluA1, ERK2, DARPP-32, PDE4) was increased and showed higher sensitivity to SKF81297, a Drd1-like agonist, in Cn mutants than in controls. While cAMP/PKA signaling is increased in the iDG of Cn mutants, chronic treatment with rolipram, a selective PDE4 inhibitor that increases intracellular cAMP, ameliorated the iDG phenotype significantly and nesting behavior deficits with nominal significance. Chronic rolipram administration also decreased the phosphorylation of CREB, but not the other four PKA substrates examined, in Cn mutants. These results suggest that Cn deficiency induces pseudo-immaturity of GCs and that cAMP signaling increases to compensate for this maturation abnormality. This study further supports the idea that iDG is an endophenotype shared by certain neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hagihara
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
| | - Mahomi Kuroiwa
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan
| | - Isabella A. Graef
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Gerald R. Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Akinori Nishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011 Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan
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12
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Wang J, Liu B, Sun F, Xu Y, Luan H, Yang M, Wang C, Zhang T, Zhou Z, Yan H. Histamine H3R antagonist counteracts the impaired hippocampal neurogenesis in Lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 110:109045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Pagliarini M, Cuppini R, Ambrogini P. Short-Term, Voluntary Exercise Affects Morpho-Functional Maturation of Adult-Generated Neurons in Rat Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126866. [PMID: 35743307 PMCID: PMC9224999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a well-proven neurogenic stimulus, promoting neuronal progenitor proliferation and affecting newborn cell survival. Besides, it has beneficial effects on brain health and cognition. Previously, we found that three days of physical activity in a very precocious period of adult-generated granule cell life is able to antedate the appearance of the first GABAergic synaptic contacts and increase T-type Ca2+ channel expression. Considering the role of GABA and Ca2+ in fostering neuronal maturation, in this study, we used short-term, voluntary exercise on a running wheel to investigate if it is able to induce long-term morphological and synaptic changes in newborn neurons. Using adult male rats, we found that: (i) three days of voluntary physical exercise can definitively influence the morpho-functional maturation process of newborn granule neurons when applied very early during their development; (ii) a significant percentage of new neurons show more mature morphological characteristics far from the end of exercise protocol; (iii) the long-term morphological effects result in enhanced synaptic plasticity. Present findings demonstrate that the morpho-functional changes induced by exercise on very immature adult-generated neurons are permanent, affecting the neuron maturation and integration in hippocampal circuitry. Our data contribute to underpinning the beneficial potential of physical activity on brain health, also performed for short times.
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14
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Azari A, Goodarzi A, Jafarkhani B, Eghbali M, Karimi Z, Hosseini Balef SS, Irannejad H. Novel molecular targets and mechanisms for neuroprotective modulation in neurodegenerative disorders. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2022; 22:88-107. [PMID: 35713146 DOI: 10.2174/1871524922666220616092132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuronal death underlies the symptoms of several human neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that their precise pathophysiology have not yet been elucidated. According to various studies the prohibition is the best therapy with neuroprotective approaches which are advanced and safe methods. METHODS This review summarizes some of the already-known and newly emerged neuroprotective targets and strategies that their experimental effects have been reported. Accordingly, literature was studied from 2000 to 2021 and appropriate articles were searched in Google Scholar and Scopus with the keywords given in the Keywords section of the current review. RESULTS Lewy bodies are the histopathologic characteristics of neurodegenerative disorders and are protein-rich intracellular deposits in which Alpha-Synuclein is its major protein. Alpha-Synuclein's toxic potential provides a compelling rationale for therapeutic strategies aimed at decreasing its burden in neuronal cells through numerous pathways including ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosome Pathway, proteolytic breakdown via cathepsin D, kallikrein-6 (neurosin), calpain-1 or MMP9, heat shock proteins, and proteolysis targeting chimera which consists of a target protein ligand and an E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3) followed by target protein ubiquitination (PROTACs). Other targets that have been noticed recently are the mutant huntingtin, tau proteins and glycogen synthase kinase 3β that their accumulation proceeds extensive neuronal damage and up to the minute approach such as Proteolysis Targeting Chimera promotes its degradation in cells. As various studies demonstrated that Mendelian gene mutations can result into the neurodegenerative diseases, additional target that has gained much interest is epigenetics such as mutation, phosphodiesterase, RNA binding proteins and Nuclear respiratory factor 1. CONCLUSION The novel molecular targets and new strategies compiled and introduced here can be used by scientists to design and discover more efficient small molecule drugs against the neurodegenerative diseases. And also the genes in which their mutations can lead to the α-synuclein aggregation or accumulation are discussed and considered a valuable information of epigenetics in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aala Azari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Amin Goodarzi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Behrouz Jafarkhani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Eghbali
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Zohreh Karimi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Imam Khomeini hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Hosseini Balef
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Irannejad
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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15
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Park SY, Yang H, Ye M, Liu X, Shim I, Chang YT, Bae H. Neuroprotective effects of ex vivo-expanded regulatory T cells on trimethyltin-induced neurodegeneration in mice. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:143. [PMID: 35690816 PMCID: PMC9188044 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02512-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trimethyltin (TMT) is a potent neurotoxicant that leads to hippocampal neurodegeneration. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in maintaining the immune balance in the central nervous system (CNS), but their activities are impaired in neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to determine whether adoptive transfer of Tregs, as a living drug, ameliorates hippocampal neurodegeneration in TMT-intoxicated mice. Methods CD4+CD25+ Tregs were expanded in vitro and adoptively transferred to TMT-treated mice. First, we explored the effects of Tregs on behavioral deficits using the Morris water maze and elevated plus maze tests. Biomarkers related to memory formation, such as cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), protein kinase C (PKC), neuronal nuclear protein (NeuN), nerve growth factor (NGF), and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) in the hippocampus were examined by immunohistochemistry after killing the mouse. To investigate the neuroinflammatory responses, the polarization status of microglia was examined in vivo and in vitro using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, the inhibitory effects of Tregs on TMT-induced microglial activation were examined using time-lapse live imaging in vitro with an activation-specific fluorescence probe, CDr20. Results Adoptive transfer of Tregs improved spatial learning and memory functions and reduced anxiety in TMT-intoxicated mice. Additionally, adoptive transfer of Tregs reduced neuronal loss and recovered the expression of neurogenesis enhancing molecules in the hippocampi of TMT-intoxicated mice. In particular, Tregs inhibited microglial activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release in the hippocampi of TMT-intoxicated mice. The inhibitory effects of TMT were also confirmed via in vitro live time-lapse imaging in a Treg/microglia co-culture system. Conclusions These data suggest that adoptive transfer of Tregs ameliorates disease progression in TMT-induced neurodegeneration by promoting neurogenesis and modulating microglial activation and polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, South Korea
| | - HyeJin Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, South Korea
| | - Minsook Ye
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Insop Shim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 37673, South Korea.,Center for Self-Assembly and Complexity, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Hyunsu Bae
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02453, South Korea.
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16
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Feng JH, Hu XL, Lv XY, Hong Y, Zhang YH, Long H, Wang R, Wang JJ, Xiong F, Wang H. 4-Trifluoromethyl-(E)-cinnamoyl]-L-4-F-phenylalanine acid exerts its effects on the prevention, post-therapeutic and prolongation of the thrombolytic window in ischemia-reperfusion rats through multiple mechanisms of action. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106182. [PMID: 35304259 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The severe sequelae caused by ischemic thrombolysis and the narrow time window are now the main clinical challenges. Our previous study has reported 4-Trifluoromethyl-(E)-cinnamoyl]-L-4-F-phenylalanine Acid (AE-18) was a promising candidate for Parkinson's Disease. In this study, the preventive and therapeutic effects of AE-18 on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and the mechanisms are explored. In oxygen glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced well-differentiated PC12 cells model, AE-18 (10 or 20 μM) can significantly reduce nerve damage when administered before or after molding. In middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO/R) rat model, pre-modelling, or post-modelling administration of AE-18 (5 or 10 mg/kg) was effective in reducing neurological damage, decreasing infarct volume and improving motor disturbances. In addition, AE-18 (5 mg/kg) given by intravenous injection immediately after occlusion significantly reduce the infarct volume caused by reperfusion for different durations, indicating that AE-18 could extend the time window of thrombolytic therapy. Further studies demonstrate that AE-18 exerts the effects in the prevention, treatment, and prolongation of the time window of cerebral ischemic injury mainly through inhibiting excitotoxicity and improving BBB permeability, VEGF and BDNF. These results suggest that AE-18 is a good candidate for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Long Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Yu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hao Zhang
- Department of Biological sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCMs Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Coletto E, Latousakis D, Pontifex MG, Crost EH, Vaux L, Perez Santamarina E, Goldson A, Brion A, Hajihosseini MK, Vauzour D, Savva GM, Juge N. The role of the mucin-glycan foraging Ruminococcus gnavus in the communication between the gut and the brain. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2073784. [PMID: 35579971 PMCID: PMC9122312 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2073784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminococcus gnavus is a prevalent member of the human gut microbiota, which is over-represented in inflammatory bowel disease and neurological disorders. We previously showed that the ability of R. gnavus to forage on mucins is strain-dependent and associated with sialic acid metabolism. Here, we showed that mice monocolonized with R. gnavus ATCC 29149 (Rg-mice) display changes in major sialic acid derivatives in their cecum content, blood, and brain, which is accompanied by a significant decrease in the percentage of sialylated residues in intestinal mucins relative to germ-free (GF) mice. Changes in metabolites associated with brain function such as tryptamine, indolacetate, and trimethylamine N-oxide were also detected in the cecal content of Rg-mice when compared to GF mice. Next, we investigated the effect of R. gnavus monocolonization on hippocampus cell proliferation and behavior. We observed a significant decrease of PSA-NCAM immunoreactive granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) of Rg-mice as compared to GF mice and recruitment of phagocytic microglia in the vicinity. Behavioral assessments suggested an improvement of the spatial working memory in Rg-mice but no change in other cognitive functions. These results were also supported by a significant upregulation of genes involved in proliferation and neuroplasticity. Collectively, these data provide first insights into how R. gnavus metabolites may influence brain regulation and function through modulation of granule cell development and synaptic plasticity in the adult hippocampus. This work has implications for further understanding the mechanisms underpinning the role of R. gnavus in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Coletto
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Dimitrios Latousakis
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Matthew G Pontifex
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Emmanuelle H Crost
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Laura Vaux
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Estella Perez Santamarina
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Andrew Goldson
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Arlaine Brion
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Mohammad K Hajihosseini
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - David Vauzour
- Norwich Medical School, Biomedical Research Centre, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - George M Savva
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Nathalie Juge
- Gut Microbes and Health Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
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18
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Wu C, Chen S, Zhou T, Wu K, Qiao Z, Zhang Y, Xin N, Liu X, Wei D, Sun J, Luo H, Zhou L, Fan H. Antioxidative and Conductive Nanoparticles-Embedded Cell Niche for Neural Differentiation and Spinal Cord Injury Repair. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52346-52361. [PMID: 34699166 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c14679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), the transmission of electrical signals is interrupted, and an oxidative microenvironment is generated, hindering nerve regeneration and functional recovery. The strategies of regulating oxidative pathological microenvironment while restoring endogenous electrical signal transmission hold promise for SCI treatment. However, challenges are still faced in simply fabricating bioactive scaffolds with both antioxidation and conductivity. Herein, aiming to construct an antioxidative and conductive microenvironment for nerve regeneration, the difunctional polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles were developed and incorporated into bioactive collagen/hyaluronan hydrogel. Owing to the embedded PPy in hydrogel, the encapsulated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can be protected from oxidative damage, and their neuronal differentiation was promoted by the synergy between conductivity and electrical stimulation, which is proved to be related to PI3K/Akt and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In SCI rats, the BMSC-laden difunctional hydrogel restored the transmission of bioelectric signals and inhibited secondary damage, thereby facilitating neurogenesis, resulting in prominent nerve regeneration and functional recovery. Overall, taking advantage of a difunctional nanomaterial to meet two essential requirements in SCI repair, this work provides intriguing insights into the design of biomaterials for nerve regeneration and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengheng Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Suping Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Zi Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Yusheng Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Nini Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongrong Luo
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
| | - Liangxue Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongsong Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
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19
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Luhach K, Kulkarni GT, Singh VP, Sharma B. Vinpocetine amended prenatal valproic acid induced features of ASD possibly by altering markers of neuronal function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Autism Res 2021; 14:2270-2286. [PMID: 34415116 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex etiology and phenotypes. Phosphodiesterase-1 (PDE1) inhibitors are known to provide benefits in various brain conditions manifesting similar behavioral phenotypes. The pharmacological consequences of vinpocetine administration a PDE1 inhibitor in prenatal-valproic acid (pre-VPA) induced ASD related behavioral phenotypes (social behavior deficits, repetitive behavior, anxiety, hyperlocomotion, and nociception) was assessed. Also, effects on important biochemical markers of neuronal function (DCX-neurogenesis, BDNF-neuronal survival, synapsin-IIa-synaptic transmission, pCREB-neuronal transcription factor), inflammation (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) and oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TBARS] and glutathione (GSH) were studied in important brain areas (frontal cortex, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and striatum). Further, neuronal cell viability was determined in dentate gyrus using Nissl staining. Pre-VPA administration resulted into impaired behavior, brain biochemistry, and neuronal cell viability. Administration of vinpocetine resulted in improvements of pre-VPA impaired social behavior, repetitive behavior, anxiety, locomotion, and nociception. Also, vinpocetine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB/CREB, IL-10, and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-α, IL-6, TBARS, number of pyknotic and chromatolytic cells in different brain areas of pre-VPA group. Finally, high association between behavioral parameters and biochemical parameters was observed upon Pearson's correlation analysis. Vinpocetine, a PDE1 inhibitor rectified important behavioral phenotypes related with ASD, possibly by improving neuronal function, brain inflammation and brain oxidative stress. Thus, PDE1 may be a possible target for further understanding ASD. LAY SUMMARY: ASD is a brain developmental disorder with a wide array of genetic and environmental factors. Many targets have been identified till date, but a clinical treatment is still afar. The results of this study indicate that vinpocetine administration resulted in amelioration of ASD associated symptomatology in rats, prenatally exposed to VPA. Our research adds a widely expressed brain enzyme PDE1, as a possible novel pharmacological target and opens-up a new line of enquiry for ASD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishk Luhach
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vijay P Singh
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Academy of scientific and Innovative research, New Delhi, India
| | - Bhupesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.,CNS and CVS Pharmacology, Conscience Research, Delhi, India
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20
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Vanzan L, Soldati H, Ythier V, Anand S, Braun SMG, Francis N, Murr R. High throughput screening identifies SOX2 as a super pioneer factor that inhibits DNA methylation maintenance at its binding sites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3337. [PMID: 34099689 PMCID: PMC8184831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Binding of mammalian transcription factors (TFs) to regulatory regions is hindered by chromatin compaction and DNA methylation of their binding sites. Nevertheless, pioneer transcription factors (PFs), a distinct class of TFs, have the ability to access nucleosomal DNA, leading to nucleosome remodelling and enhanced chromatin accessibility. Whether PFs can bind to methylated sites and induce DNA demethylation is largely unknown. Using a highly parallelized approach to investigate PF ability to bind methylated DNA and induce DNA demethylation, we show that the interdependence between DNA methylation and TF binding is more complex than previously thought, even within a select group of TFs displaying pioneering activity; while some PFs do not affect the methylation status of their binding sites, we identified PFs that can protect DNA from methylation and others that can induce DNA demethylation at methylated binding sites. We call the latter super pioneer transcription factors (SPFs), as they are seemingly able to overcome several types of repressive epigenetic marks. Finally, while most SPFs induce TET-dependent active DNA demethylation, SOX2 binding leads to passive demethylation, an activity enhanced by the co-binding of OCT4. This finding suggests that SPFs could interfere with epigenetic memory during DNA replication. The functional relevance of epigenetic modifications on transcription regulation has been an important question since their discovery. Here, the authors investigate the effect of DNA methylation on Pioneer Transcription Factor (PF) binding and distinguish between PFs that protect their binding sites from methylation and those that bind to methylated DNA and induce DNA demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Vanzan
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hadrien Soldati
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Victor Ythier
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Diagnostic Department, Clinical Pathology Division, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Informatics, Systems and Communications (DISCo), University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Simon M G Braun
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Francis
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM) and Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Rabih Murr
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Institute for Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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21
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Enriched Environment Promotes Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis through FGFRs. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2899-2910. [PMID: 33637561 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2286-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The addition of new neurons to existing neural circuits in the adult brain remains of great interest to neurobiology because of its therapeutic implications. The premier model for studying this process has been the hippocampal dentate gyrus in mice, where new neurons are added to mature circuits during adulthood. Notably, external factors such as an enriched environment (EE) and exercise markedly increase hippocampal neurogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that EE acts by increasing fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) function autonomously within neurogenic cells to expand their numbers in adult male and female mice. FGFRs activated by EE signal through their mediators, FGFR substrate (FRS), to induce stem cell proliferation, and through FRS and phospholipase Cγ to increase the number of adult-born neurons, providing a mechanism for how EE promotes adult neurogenesis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How the environment we live in affects cognition remains poorly understood. In the current study, we explore the mechanism underlying the effects of an enriched environment on the production of new neurons in the adult hippocampal dentate gyrus, a brain area integral in forming new memories. A mechanism is provided for how neural precursor cells in the adult mammalian dentate gyrus respond to an enriched environment to increase their neurogenic output. Namely, an enriched environment acts on stem and progenitor cells by activating fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling through phospholipase Cγ and FGF receptor substrate proteins to expand the pool of precursor cells.
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22
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Gorny N, Kelly MP. Alterations in cyclic nucleotide signaling are implicated in healthy aging and age-related pathologies of the brain. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:265-316. [PMID: 33706951 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is not only important to consider how hormones may change with age, but also how downstream signaling pathways that couple to hormone receptors may change. Among these hormone-coupled signaling pathways are the 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) intracellular second messenger cascades. Here, we test the hypothesis that dysfunction of cAMP and/or cGMP synthesis, execution, and/or degradation occurs in the brain during healthy and pathological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Although most studies report lower cyclic nucleotide signaling in the aged brain, with further reductions noted in the context of age-related diseases, there are select examples where cAMP signaling may be elevated in select tissues. Thus, therapeutics would need to target cAMP/cGMP in a tissue-specific manner if efficacy for select symptoms is to be achieved without worsening others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gorny
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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23
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Ren G, Xue P, Wu B, Yang F, Wu X. Intranasal treatment of lixisenatide attenuated emotional and olfactory symptoms via CREB-mediated adult neurogenesis in mouse depression model. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:3898-3908. [PMID: 33461175 PMCID: PMC7906191 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Convergent lines of evidence indicate a striking correlation between olfactory deficits and depressive symptoms. However, the effectiveness of intranasal treatment of antidepressant or other neurotrophic agents remains poorly understanding. Here in this study, we created depression mouse model and explored the antidepressant effects of GLP-1 analog lixisenatide (LXT) with intranasal treatment. Consecutive intranasal treatment of LXT remarkably reduced the depressive and anxiety behaviors. Meanwhile, it also improved the olfactory memory and olfactory sensitivity. Immunofluorescent analysis demonstrated the LXT improved the adult neurogenesis in olfactory system and hippocampus. Inhibition of adult neurogenesis with TMZ caused the compromised effects of LXT in improving emotional and olfactory functions, suggesting the vital role of adult neurogenesis in LXT induced depression therapeutic effects. Treatment of LXT resulted in the increased phosphorylation of CREB protein in hippocampal tissue, indicating CREB plays important roles in antidepressant effects of LXT intranasal treatment. Inhibiting CREB with chemical approach decreased effects of LXT in reserving depression induced emotional and olfactory functions. In conclusion, our study suggests intranasal treatment of LXT could be a potential antidepressant to improve the olfactory functions as well as the emotional behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Ren
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of TISCO, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pan Xue
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of TISCO, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of TISCO, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of TISCO, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of TISCO, Sixth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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24
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Mojtahedi S, Shabkhiz F, Ravasi AA, Rosenkranz S, Soori R, Soleimani M, Tavakoli R. Voluntary wheel running promotes improvements in biomarkers associated with neurogenic activity in adult male rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1505-1511. [PMID: 33139016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In rodents, hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptogenesis phenomena are affected by exercise. However, the role of exercise parameters such as intensity, duration, and mode on molecular mechanisms involved in these processes has not been elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of different intensities and modes of running on the expression of genes contributing to neuronal differentiation and synapse formation in the hippocampus of adult male rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly divided into control, low-intensity running (LIR), high-intensity running (HIR), and the voluntary wheel running (WR) conditions. Changes in the expression of microRNA-124 (miR-124), microRNA-132 (miR-132), and their respective targets, were analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting techniques. Our results showed that WR compared to treadmill running increased miR-124 and miR-132 expression, while reducing the expression of their respective targets, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), SRY-Box 9 (SOX9), and GTP-activated protein P250 (P250GAP). Differences in expression levels were statistically significant (ps < 0.05), except for the expression of GR in HIR (P = 0.09). Moreover, the expression level of gene coding for the transcription factor cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) was significantly higher in the WR group compared to the treadmill running groups (P = 0.001). Western blotting techniques indicated that the level of the CREB protein was higher in WR compared to the other groups qualitatively. These findings demonstrated a more dramatic effect for voluntary running on biomarkers that are associated with stimulating neurogenesis and synapse formation in the hippocampus of male rats compared with forced treadmill running. In addition, greater positive effects were observed for lower-intensity treadmill running as compared with high-intensity running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Mojtahedi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Shabkhiz
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Ravasi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Rosenkranz
- School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Rahman Soori
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rezvan Tavakoli
- Molecular Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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25
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FGFR Regulation of Dendrite Elaboration in Adult-born Granule Cells Depends on Intracellular Mediator and Proximity to the Soma. Neuroscience 2020; 453:148-167. [PMID: 33246055 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors (FGFRs) play crucial roles in promoting dendrite growth and branching during development. In mice, three FGFR genes, Fgfr1, Fgfr2, and Fgfr3, remain expressed in the adult neurogenic niche of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. However, the function of FGFRs in the dendritic maturation of adult-born neurons remains largely unexplored. Here, using conditional alleles of Fgfr1, Fgfr2, and Fgfr3 as well as Fgfr1 alleles lacking binding sites for Phospholipase-Cγ (PLCγ) and FGF Receptor Substrate (FRS) proteins, we test the requirement for FGFRs in dendritogenesis of adult-born granule cells. We find that deleting all three receptors results in a small decrease in proximal dendrite elaboration. In contrast, specifically mutating Tyr766 in FGFR1 (a PLCγ binding site) in an Fgfr2;Fgfr3 deficient background results in a dramatic increase of overall dendrite elaboration, while blocking FGFR1-FRS signaling causes proximal dendrite deficits and, to a lesser extent than Tyr766 mutants, increases distal dendrite elaboration. These findings reveal unexpectedly complex roles for FGFRs and their intracellular mediators in regulating proximal and distal dendrite elaboration, with the most notable role in suppressing distal elaboration through the PLCγbinding site.
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26
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Kim YM, Kim HJ. Proteasome Inhibitor MG132 is Toxic and Inhibits the Proliferation of Rat Neural Stem Cells but Increases BDNF Expression to Protect Neurons. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10111507. [PMID: 33147870 PMCID: PMC7692322 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of protein expression is essential for maintaining normal cell function. Proteasomes play important roles in protein degradation and dysregulation of proteasomes is implicated in neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, using a proteasome inhibitor MG132, we showed that proteasome inhibition reduces neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and is toxic to NSCs. Interestingly, MG132 treatment increased the percentage of neurons in both proliferation and differentiation culture conditions of NSCs. Proteasome inhibition reduced B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2 associated X protein ratio. In addition, MG132 treatment induced cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation and increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcripts and proteins. These data suggest that proteasome function is important for NSC survival and differentiation. Moreover, although MG132 is toxic to NSCs, it may increase neurogenesis. Therefore, by modifying MG132 chemical structure and developing none toxic proteasome inhibitors, neurogenic chemicals can be developed to control NSC cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-820-5619; Fax: +82-2-816-7338
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27
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Attenuation of neurobehavioural abnormalities by papaverine in prenatal valproic acid rat model of ASD. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 890:173663. [PMID: 33127361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex aetiology and phenotypes. Phosphodiesterase-10A (PDE10A) inhibition has shown to provide benefits in various brain conditions. We investigated the role of a PDE10A inhibitor, papaverine on core phenotypes in prenatal-valproic acid (Pre-VPA) model of ASD. In order to identify probable mechanisms involved, the effects on several protein markers of neuronal function such as, neurogenesis-DCX, neuronal survival-BDNF, synaptic transmission-synapsin-IIa, neuronal transcription factor-pCREB, neuronal inflammation (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) and neuronal oxidative stress (TBARS and GSH) were studied in frontal cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus and striatum. Pre-VPA induced impairments in social behaviour, presence of repetitive behaviour, hyper-locomotion, anxiety, and diminished nociception were studied in male Albino Wistar rats. Administration of papaverine to Pre-VPA animals resulted in improvements of social behaviour, corrected repetitive behaviour, anxiety, locomotor, and nociceptive changes. Also, papaverine resulted in a significant increase in the levels of BDNF, synapsin-IIa, DCX, pCREB, IL-10 and GSH along with significant decrease in TNF-α, IL-6 and TBARS in different brain areas of Pre-VPA group. Finally, high association between behavioural parameters and biochemical parameters was observed upon Pearson's correlation analysis. Papaverine, administration rectified core behavioural phenotype of ASD, possibly by altering protein markers associated with neuronal survival, neurogenesis, neuronal transcription factor, neuronal transmission, neuronal inflammation, and neuronal oxidative stress. Implicating PDE10A as a possible target for furthering our understanding of ASD phenotypes.
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28
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Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. Extract Improves Memory Performance via Promotion of Neurogenesis in the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus of Adolescent Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093365. [PMID: 32397562 PMCID: PMC7247711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri L. Wettst. (BM) is a botanical component of Ayurvedic medicines and of dietary supplements used worldwide for cognitive health and function. We previously reported that administration of BM alcoholic extract (BME) prevents trimethyltin (TMT)-induced cognitive deficits and hippocampal cell damage and promotes TMT-induced hippocampal neurogenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that administration of BME improves spatial working memory in adolescent (5-week- old) healthy mice but not adult (8-week-old) mice. Moreover, improved spatial working memory was retained even at 4 weeks after terminating 1-week treatment of adolescent mice. One-week BME treatment of adolescent mice significantly enhanced hippocampal BrdU incorporation and expression of genes involved in neurogenesis determined by RNAseq analysis. Cell death, as detected by histochemistry, appeared not to be significant. A significant increase in neurogenesis was observed in the dentate gyrus region 4 weeks after terminating 1-week treatment of adolescent mice with BME. Bacopaside I, an active component of BME, promoted the proliferation of neural progenitor cells in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner via the facilitation of the Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. These results suggest that BME enhances spatial working memory in healthy adolescent mice by promoting hippocampal neurogenesis and that the effects of BME are due, in significant amounts, to bacopaside I.
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29
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Tripathi S, Verma A, Jha SK. Training on an Appetitive Trace-Conditioning Task Increases Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and the Expression of Arc, Erk and CREB Proteins in the Dorsal Hippocampus. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:89. [PMID: 32362814 PMCID: PMC7181388 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) plays an essential role in hippocampal-dependent memory consolidation. Increased neurogenesis enhances learning, whereas its ablation causes memory impairment. In contrast, few reports suggest that neurogenesis reduces after learning. Although the interest in exploring the role of adult neurogenesis in learning has been growing, the evidence is still limited. The role of the trace- and delay-appetitive-conditioning on AHN and its underlying mechanism are not known. The consolidation of trace-conditioned memory requires the hippocampus, but delay-conditioning does not. Moreover, the dorsal hippocampus (DH) and ventral hippocampus (VH) may have a differential role in these two conditioning paradigms. Here, we have investigated the changes in: (A) hippocampal cell proliferation and their progression towards neuronal lineage; and (B) expression of Arc, Erk1, Erk2, and CREB proteins in the DH and VH after trace- and delay-conditioning in the rat. The number of newly generated cells significantly increased in the trace-conditioned but did not change in the delay-conditioned animals compared to the control group. Similarly, the expression of Arc protein significantly increased in the DH but not in the VH after trace-conditioning. Nonetheless, it remains unaltered in the delay-conditioned group. The expression of pErk1, pErk2, and pCREB also increased in the DH after trace-conditioning. Whereas, the expression of only pErk1 pErk2 and pCREB proteins increased in the VH after delay-conditioning. Our results suggest that appetitive trace-conditioning enhances AHN. The increased DH neuronal activation and pErk1, pErk2, and pCREB in the DH may be playing an essential role in learning-induced cell-proliferation after appetitive trace-conditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Tripathi
- School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Anita Verma
- School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushil K Jha
- School of Life Science, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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30
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Emili M, Stagni F, Salvalai ME, Uguagliati B, Giacomini A, Albac C, Potier MC, Grilli M, Bartesaghi R, Guidi S. Neonatal therapy with clenbuterol and salmeterol restores spinogenesis and dendritic complexity in the dentate gyrus of the Ts65Dn model of Down syndrome. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 140:104874. [PMID: 32325119 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS), a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by triplication of chromosome 21, is characterized by intellectual disability. In DS, defective neurogenesis causes an overall reduction in the number of neurons populating the brain and defective neuron maturation causes dendritic hypotrophy and reduction in the density of dendritic spines. No effective therapy currently exists for the improvement of brain development in individuals with DS. Drug repurposing is a strategy for identifying new medical use for approved drugs. A drug screening campaign showed that the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR) agonists clenbuterol hydrochloride (CLEN) and salmeterol xinafoate (SALM) increase the proliferation rate of neural progenitor cells from the Ts65Dn model of DS. The goal of the current study was to establish their efficacy in vivo, in the Ts65Dn model. We found that, at variance with the in vitro experiments, treatment with CLEN or SALM did not restore neurogenesis in the hippocampus of Ts65Dn mice treated during the postnatal (P) period P3-P15. In Ts65Dn mice treated with CLEN or SALM, however, dendritic spine density and dendritic arborization of the hippocampal granule cells were restored and the lowest dose tested here (0.01 mg/kg/day) was sufficient to elicit these effects. CLEN and SALM are used in children as therapy for asthma and, importantly, they pass the blood-brain barrier. Our study suggests that treatment with these β2-AR agonists may be a therapy of choice in order to correct dendritic development in DS but is not suitable to rescue neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Emili
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Stagni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Uguagliati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Christelle Albac
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle- CNRS UMR7225 - INSERM U1127 - Sorbonne University, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle- CNRS UMR7225 - INSERM U1127 - Sorbonne University, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mariagrazia Grilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Italy
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sandra Guidi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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31
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Wang N, Ma J, Liu J, Wang J, Liu C, Wang H, Liu Y, Yan H, Jiang S. Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonist Enhances Neurogenesis and Improves Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion-Induced Cognitive Impairments. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1583. [PMID: 32038255 PMCID: PMC6985542 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a neurodegenerative disease, which induces cognitive impairments in the central nervous system (CNS). Histamine H3 receptor (H3R) is an autoreceptor involved in the modulation of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the CNS. However, the role of H3R in CCH-induced injury and the related mechanisms remain to be clarified. Here, we found that thioperamide (THIO), a H3R antagonist, promotes the proliferation of NE-4C stem cells under either normal or oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) condition in vitro. Thioperamide promotes the phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding (CREB), and thereby upregulates the expression and release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). However, H89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB, reverses the effects of thioperamide on either BDNF expression and release or cell proliferation in NE-4C stem cells. Moreover, thioperamide has protective effects on OGD-induced impairment of cell viability and neuronal morphology in primary neurons in vitro. Furthermore, thioperamide enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) and subventricular zone (SVZ) regions in vivo, and ameliorated CCH-induced cognitive impairments. Taken together, these findings showed that thioperamide protects primary neurons against OGD-induced injury and promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells in DG and SVZ regions through CREB/BDNF pathways, thereby improving cognitive deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jiangong Wang
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Cuilan Liu
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China.,Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Haijing Yan
- Institute for Metabolic and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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32
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Kang PJ, Son D, Ko TH, Hong W, Yun W, Jang J, Choi JI, Song G, Lee J, Kim IY, You S. mRNA-Driven Generation of Transgene-Free Neural Stem Cells from Human Urine-Derived Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091043. [PMID: 31489945 PMCID: PMC6769943 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neural stem cells (NSCs) hold enormous promise for neurological disorders, typically requiring their expandable and differentiable properties for regeneration of damaged neural tissues. Despite the therapeutic potential of induced NSCs (iNSCs), a major challenge for clinical feasibility is the presence of integrated transgenes in the host genome, contributing to the risk for undesired genotoxicity and tumorigenesis. Here, we describe the advanced transgene-free generation of iNSCs from human urine-derived cells (HUCs) by combining a cocktail of defined small molecules with self-replicable mRNA delivery. The established iNSCs were completely transgene-free in their cytosol and genome and further resembled human embryonic stem cell-derived NSCs in the morphology, biological characteristics, global gene expression, and potential to differentiate into functional neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Moreover, iNSC colonies were observed within eight days under optimized conditions, and no teratomas formed in vivo, implying the absence of pluripotent cells. This study proposes an approach to generate transplantable iNSCs that can be broadly applied for neurological disorders in a safe, efficient, and patient-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Jun Kang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Daryeon Son
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Tae Hee Ko
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Wonjun Hong
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Wonjin Yun
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jihoon Jang
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine and Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Jangbo Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - In Yong Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Seungkwon You
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
- Laboratory of Cell Function Regulation, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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33
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DNA damage accumulation during fractionated low-dose radiation compromises hippocampal neurogenesis. Radiother Oncol 2019; 137:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Electrical stimulation affects neural stem cell fate and function in vitro. Exp Neurol 2019; 319:112963. [PMID: 31125549 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.112963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) has been applied in cell culture system to enhance neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, neuronal differentiation, migration, and integration. According to the mechanism of its function, ES can be classified into induced electrical (EFs) and electromagnetic fields (EMFs). EFs guide axonal growth and induce directional cell migration, whereas EMFs promote neurogenesis and facilitates NSCs to differentiate into functional neurons. Conductive nanomaterials have been used as functional scaffolds to provide mechanical support and biophysical cues in guiding neural cell growth and differentiation and building complex neural tissue patterns. Nanomaterials may have a combined effect of topographical and electrical cues on NSC migration and differentiation. Electrical cues may promote NSC neurogenesis via specific ion channel activation, such as SCN1α and CACNA1C. To accelerate the future application of ES in preclinical research, we summarized the specific setting, such as current frequency, intensity, and stimulation duration used in various ES devices, as well as the nanomaterials involved, in this review with the possible mechanisms elucidated. This review can be used as a checklist for ES work in stem cell research to enhance the translational process of NSCs in clinical application.
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Guelfi G, Casano AB, Menchetti L, Bellicci M, Suvieri C, Moscati L, Carotenuto P, Santoro MM, Diverio S. A cross-talk between blood-cell neuroplasticity-related genes and environmental enrichment in working dogs. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6910. [PMID: 31061480 PMCID: PMC6502844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to identify a panel of blood-cell neuroplasticity-related genes expressed following environmental enrichment stimulation (EE). The Drug detection (DD) training course was an excellent model for the study of EE in the working dog. This research is divided into two experimental trials. In the First Trial, we identified a panel of blood-cell neuroplasticity related-genes associated with DD ability acquired during the training course. In the Second Trial, we assessed the EE additional factor complementary feeding effect on blood-cell neuroplasticity gene expressions. In the First and Second Trials, at different time points of the DD test, blood samples were collected, and NGF, BDNF, VEGFA, IGF1, EGR1, NGFR, and ICE2 blood-cell neuroplasticity related-genes were analyzed. As noted in the First Trial, the DD test in working dogs induced the transient up-regulation of VEGFA, NGF, NGFR, BDNF, and IGF, immediately after the DD test, suggesting the existence of gene regulations. On the contrary, the Second Trial, with feeding implementation, showed an absence of mRNA up-regulation after the DD test. We suppose that complementary feeding alters the systemic metabolism, which, in turn, changes neuroplasticity-related gene blood-cell mRNA. These findings suggested that, in working dogs, there is a cross-talk between blood-cell neuroplasticity-related genes and environmental enrichment. These outcomes could be used to improve future treatments in sensory implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guelfi
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 0126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - A B Casano
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 0126, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Menchetti
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 0126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Bellicci
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 0126, Perugia, Italy
| | - C Suvieri
- Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Institution of Urological, Andrological Surgery and Minimally Invasive Techniques, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Loc. S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - L Moscati
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Carotenuto
- Guardia di Finanza, Centro Addestramento e Allevamento Cani, Via Lungolago 46, 06061, Castiglione Del Lago, PG, Italy
| | - M M Santoro
- Guardia di Finanza, Centro Addestramento e Allevamento Cani, Via Lungolago 46, 06061, Castiglione Del Lago, PG, Italy
| | - S Diverio
- Laboratory of Ethology and Animal Welfare (LEBA), Department of Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Perugia, via San Costanzo 4, 0126, Perugia, Italy.
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36
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Chen Y, Chang D, Zhang X, Chang T, Wang Q, Liu T, Gao L. Molecular mechanisms of the sedation and analgesia induced by xylazine on Wistar rats and PC12 cell. Exp Anim 2019; 68:351-360. [PMID: 30956255 PMCID: PMC6699970 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In veterinary clinics, xylazine is commonly used as a sedative, analgesic agent that produces muscle relaxation. In this study, we aimed to explore the mechanism of action of xylazine both in vivo and in vitro. After determing the optimal dose of xylazine, 35 male Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (n=5 per group), including a control group (saline) and xylazine administration groups. Then, at six time points after xylazine administration indicators were evaluated for changes. Moreover, PC12 cells were co-cultured with xylazine, and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) siRNA and protein kinase A (PKA) siRNA were transfected into cells to identify changes of relevant indicators. Our data showed that xylazine influenced the level of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and regulated the expression of GluR1, ERK, PKA, cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the nervous system. However, xylazine did not significantly affect the expression of GluR2 and protein kinase C (PKC). Together, these results indicated that xylazine might exert sedation and analgesia by regulating the PKA/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wenhan Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Daiyue Chang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tian Chang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Gao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agriculture University, No. 600 Chang Jiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
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37
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Suppression of glioblastoma by a drug cocktail reprogramming tumor cells into neuronal like cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3462. [PMID: 30837577 PMCID: PMC6401026 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39852-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant tumor in adult brain. Even with the current standard therapy including surgical resection followed by postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide (Temo), GBM patients still have a poor median survival. Reprogramming of tumor cells into non-malignant cells might be a promising therapeutic strategy for malignant tumors, including GBM. Based on previous studies using small molecules to reprogram astrocytes into neuronal cells, here we further identified a FTT cocktail of three commonly used drugs (Fasudil, Tranilast, and Temo) to reprogram patient-derived GBM cells, either cultured in serum containing or serum-free medium, into neuronal like cells. FTT-treated GBM cells displayed a neuronal like morphology, expressed neuronal genes, exhibited neuronal electrophysiological properties, and showed attenuated malignancy. More importantly, FTT cocktail more significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged survival in GBM patient derived xenograft than Temo alone. Our study provided preclinical evidence that the neuronal reprogramming drug cocktail might be a promising strategy to improve the existing treatment for GBM.
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38
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Kim JY, Kim JY, Kim JH, Jung H, Lee WT, Lee JE. Restorative Mechanism of Neural Progenitor Cells Overexpressing Arginine Decarboxylase Genes Following Ischemic Injury. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:85-103. [PMID: 30853827 PMCID: PMC6401554 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell replacement therapy using neural progenitor cells (NPCs) following ischemic stroke is a promising potential therapeutic strategy, but lacks efficacy for human central nervous system (CNS) therapeutics. In a previous in vitro study, we reported that the overexpression of human arginine decarboxylase (ADC) genes by a retroviral plasmid vector promoted the neuronal differentiation of mouse NPCs. In the present study, we focused on the cellular mechanism underlying cell proliferation and differentiation following ischemic injury, and the therapeutic feasibility of NPCs overexpressing ADC genes (ADC-NPCs) following ischemic stroke. To mimic cerebral ischemia in vitro , we subjected the NPCs to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). The overexpressing ADC-NPCs were differentiated by neural lineage, which was related to excessive intracellular calcium-mediated cell cycle arrest and phosphorylation in the ERK1/2, CREB, and STAT1 signaling cascade following ischemic injury. Moreover, the ADC-NPCs were able to resist mitochondrial membrane potential collapse in the increasingly excessive intracellular calcium environment. Subsequently, transplanted ADC-NPCs suppressed infarct volume, and promoted neural differentiation, synapse formation, and motor behavior performance in an in vivo tMCAO rat model. The results suggest that ADC-NPCs are potentially useful for cell replacement therapy following ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research (CNIR), Institute for Basic Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Hosung Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Won Taek Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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39
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Ectopic expression of aPKC-mediated phosphorylation in p300 modulates hippocampal neurogenesis, CREB binding and fear memory differently with age. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13489. [PMID: 30201979 PMCID: PMC6131509 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications have become an emerging interface that links extrinsic signals to alterations of gene expression that determine cell identity and function. However, direct signaling that regulates epigenetic modifications is unknown. Our previous work demonstrated that phosphorylation of CBP at Ser 436 by atypical protein kinase C (aPKC) regulates age-dependent hippocampal neurogenesis and memory. p300, a close family member of CBP, lacks the aPKC-mediated phosphorylation found in CBP. Here, we use a phosphorylation-competent p300 (G442S) knock-in (KI) mouse model that ectopically expresses p300 phosphorylation in a homologous site to CBP Ser436, and assess its roles in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis, CREB binding ability, and fear memory. Young adult (3 months) p300G422S-KI mice exhibit enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis due to increased cell survival of newly-generated neurons, without alterations in CREB binding and contextual fear memory. On the other hand, mature adult (6 months) p300G422S-KI mice display reduced CREB binding, associated with impaired contextual fear memory without alterations in hippocampal neurogenesis. Additionally, we show that repulsive interaction between pS133-CREB and pS422-p300G422S may contribute to the reduced CREB binding to p300G422S. Together, these data suggest that a single phosphorylation change in p300 has the capability to modulate hippocampal neurogenesis, CREB binding, and associative fear memory.
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40
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Vieira MS, Santos AK, Vasconcellos R, Goulart VAM, Parreira RC, Kihara AH, Ulrich H, Resende RR. Neural stem cell differentiation into mature neurons: Mechanisms of regulation and biotechnological applications. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1946-1970. [PMID: 30077716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The abilities of stem cells to self-renew and form different mature cells expand the possibilities of applications in cell-based therapies such as tissue recomposition in regenerative medicine, drug screening, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition to stem cells found in the embryo, various adult organs and tissues have niches of stem cells in an undifferentiated state. In the central nervous system of adult mammals, neurogenesis occurs in two regions: the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. The generation of the different neural lines originates in adult neural stem cells that can self-renew or differentiate into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, or neurons in response to specific stimuli. The regulation of the fate of neural stem cells is a finely controlled process relying on a complex regulatory network that extends from the epigenetic to the translational level and involves extracellular matrix components. Thus, a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying how the process of neurogenesis is induced, regulated, and maintained will provide elues for development of novel for strategies for neurodegenerative therapies. In this review, we focus on describing the mechanisms underlying the regulation of the neuronal differentiation process by transcription factors, microRNAs, and extracellular matrix components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S Vieira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Anderson K Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rebecca Vasconcellos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânia A M Goulart
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo C Parreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Kihara
- Centro de Matemática, Computação e Cognição, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Henning Ulrich
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nanocell, Divinopólis, MG, Brazil.
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41
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Ishizuka T, Ozawa A, Katsuura M, Nomura S, Satoh Y. Effects of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor stimulation on the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells into neural progenitor cells. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2018; 45:1198-1205. [PMID: 29920752 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAchRs), which are expressed in various embryonic cells, may regulate neuronal differentiation. In the present study, we examined the effects of mAchR stimulation on the differentiation of mouse induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Mouse iPS cells were cultured on ultra-low attachment dishes to induce embryoid body (EB) formation. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, 3 μmol/L) and/or pilocarpine (10 or 100 μmol/L), a mAchR agonist, were added to EB cultures for 4 days, following which the EBs were cultured on gelatin-coated plates for 7 days. Subtype-specific antibody staining revealed that mouse iPS cells predominantly express m2 - and m4 -AchR. Treatment with pilocarpine alone did not affect the expression of Nestin (a specific marker for neural progenitor cells). However, additional treatment with pilocarpine significantly suppressed ATRA-induced Nestin expression. Pretreating EBs with either AF-DX116 (an antagonist of both m2 - and m4 -AchR) or forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase) significantly reversed the pilocarpine-induced suppression of Nestin expression. In addition, treatment with pilocarpine significantly suppressed ATRA-induced phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB). These findings suggest that the stimulation of m2 - or m4 -AchR suppresses ATRA-induced differentiation of mouse iPS cells into NPCs by inhibiting the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway and CREB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Ishizuka
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ayako Ozawa
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mieko Katsuura
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Sayaka Nomura
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Satoh
- Department of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Training memory without aversion: Appetitive hole-board spatial learning increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 151:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Malloul H, Bennis M, Bonzano S, Gambarotta G, Perroteau I, De Marchis S, Ba-M'hamed S. Decreased Hippocampal Neuroplasticity and Behavioral Impairment in an Animal Model of Inhalant Abuse. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:35. [PMID: 29472835 PMCID: PMC5810293 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Thinners are highly toxic chemicals widely employed as organic solvents in industrial and domestic use. They have psychoactive properties when inhaled, and their chronic abuse as inhalants is associated with severe long-term health effects, including brain damage and cognitive-behavioral alterations. Yet, the sites and mechanisms of action of these compounds on the brain are far from being fully understood. Here, we investigated the consequences of paint thinner inhalation in adult male mice. Depression-like behaviors and an anxiolytic effect were found following repeated exposure in chronic treatments lasting 12 weeks. Both subchronic (6 weeks) and chronic treatments impaired learning and memory functions, while no changes were observed after acute treatment. To investigate possible molecular/structural alterations underlying such behavioral changes, we focused on the hippocampus. Notably, prolonged, but not acute thinner inhalation strongly affected adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG), reducing progenitor cell proliferation after chronic treatments and impairing the survival of newborn neurons following both chronic and subchronic treatments. Furthermore, a down-regulation in the expression of BDNF and NMDA receptor subunits as well as a reduction in CREB expression/phosphorylation were found in the hippocampi of chronically treated mice. Our findings demonstrate for the first time significant structural and molecular changes in the adult hippocampus after prolonged paint thinner inhalation, indicating reduced hippocampal neuroplasticity and strongly supporting its implication in the behavioral dysfunctions associated to inhalant abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Malloul
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior (URAC-37), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bennis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior (URAC-37), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Sara Bonzano
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Isabelle Perroteau
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Saadia Ba-M'hamed
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior (URAC-37), Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
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Bartolome F, de la Cueva M, Pascual C, Antequera D, Fernandez T, Gil C, Martinez A, Carro E. Amyloid β-induced impairments on mitochondrial dynamics, hippocampal neurogenesis, and memory are restored by phosphodiesterase 7 inhibition. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2018; 10:24. [PMID: 29458418 PMCID: PMC5819290 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-018-0352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background The phosphodiesterase (PDE) 7 inhibitor S14 is a cell-permeable small heterocyclic molecule that is able to cross the blood–brain barrier. We previously found that intraperitoneal treatment with S14 exerted neuroprotection in an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) model (in APP/PS1 mice). The objective of this study was to investigate the neurogenic and cellular effects of oral administration of S14 on amyloid β (Aβ) overload. Methods We orally administered the PDE7 inhibitor S14 (15 mg/kg/day) or vehicle in 6-month-old APP/PS1 mice. After 5 weeks of S14 treatment, we evaluated cognitive functions and brain tissues. We also assessed the effects of S14 on the Aβ-treated human neuroblastome SH-SY5Y cell line. Results Targeting the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) pathway, S14 rescued cognitive decline by improving hippocampal neurogenesis in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Additionally, S14 treatment reverted the Aβ-induced reduction in mitochondrial mass in APP/PS1 mice and in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells co-exposed to Aβ. The restoration of the mitochondrial mass was found to be a dual effect of S14: a rescue of the mitochondrial biogenesis formerly slowed down by Aβ overload, and a reduction in the Aβ-increased mitochondrial clearance mechanism of mitophagy. Conclusions Here, we show new therapeutic effects of the PDE7 inhibitor, confirming S14 as a potential therapeutic drug for AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13195-018-0352-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bartolome
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain. .,Networked Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Macarena de la Cueva
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Pascual
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Desiree Antequera
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain.,Networked Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tamara Fernandez
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Gil
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas-CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), 28041, Madrid, Spain. .,Networked Biomedical Research Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.
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Kelly MP. Cyclic nucleotide signaling changes associated with normal aging and age-related diseases of the brain. Cell Signal 2018; 42:281-291. [PMID: 29175000 PMCID: PMC5732030 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Deficits in brain function that are associated with aging and age-related diseases benefit very little from currently available therapies, suggesting a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms is needed to develop improved drugs. Here, we review the literature to test the hypothesis that a break down in cyclic nucleotide signaling at the level of synthesis, execution, and/or degradation may contribute to these deficits. A number of findings have been reported in both the human and animal model literature that point to brain region-specific changes in Galphas (a.k.a. Gαs or Gsα), adenylyl cyclase, 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (HCNs), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), soluble and particulate guanylyl cyclase, 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), protein kinase G (PKG) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Among the most reproducible findings are 1) elevated circulating ANP and BNP levels being associated with cognitive dysfunction or dementia independent of cardiovascular effects, 2) reduced basal and/or NMDA-stimulated cGMP levels in brain with aging or Alzheimer's disease (AD), 3) reduced adenylyl cyclase activity in hippocampus and specific cortical regions with aging or AD, 4) reduced expression/activity of PKA in temporal cortex and hippocampus with AD, 5) reduced phosphorylation of CREB in hippocampus with aging or AD, 6) reduced expression/activity of the PDE4 family in brain with aging, 7) reduced expression of PDE10A in the striatum with Huntington's disease (HD) or Parkinson's disease, and 8) beneficial effects of select PDE inhibitors, particularly PDE10 inhibitors in HD models and PDE4 and PDE5 inhibitors in aging and AD models. Although these findings generally point to a reduction in cyclic nucleotide signaling being associated with aging and age-related diseases, there are exceptions. In particular, there is evidence for increased cAMP signaling specifically in aged prefrontal cortex, AD cerebral vessels, and PD hippocampus. Thus, if cyclic nucleotide signaling is going to be targeted effectively for therapeutic gain, it will have to be manipulated in a brain region-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michy P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, 6439 Garners Ferry Road, VA Bldg 1, 3rd Floor, D-12, Columbia, SC 29209, United States.
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Beckervordersandforth R. Mitochondrial Metabolism-Mediated Regulation of Adult Neurogenesis. Brain Plast 2017; 3:73-87. [PMID: 29765861 PMCID: PMC5928529 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-170044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The life-long generation of new neurons from radial glia-like neural stem cells (NSCs) is achieved through a stereotypic developmental sequence that requires precise regulatory mechanisms to prevent exhaustion or uncontrolled growth of the stem cell pool. Cellular metabolism is the new kid on the block of adult neurogenesis research and the identity of stage-specific metabolic programs and their impact on neurogenesis turns out to be an emerging research topic in the field. Mitochondrial metabolism is best known for energy production but it contains a great deal more. Mitochondria are key players in a variety of cellular processes including ATP synthesis through functional coupling of the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, recycling of hydrogen carriers, biosynthesis of cellular building blocks, and generation of reactive oxygen species that can modulate signaling pathways in a redox-dependent fashion. In this review, I will discuss recent findings describing stage-specific modulations of mitochondrial metabolism within the adult NSC lineage, emphasizing its importance for NSC self-renewal, proliferation of neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs), cell fate decisions, and differentiation and maturation of newborn neurons. I will furthermore summarize the important role of mitochondrial dysfunction in tissue regeneration and ageing, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for regenerative medicine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Beckervordersandforth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Jiang T, Wang XQ, Ding C, Du XL. Genistein attenuates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and improves impaired spatial learning and memory by regulating cAMP/CREB and BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt signaling. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:579-589. [PMID: 29200900 PMCID: PMC5709474 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.6.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anesthetics are used extensively in surgeries and related procedures to prevent pain. However, there is some concern regarding neuronal degeneration and cognitive deficits arising from regular anesthetic exposure. Recent studies have indicated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB) are involved in learning and memory processes. Genistein, a plant-derived isoflavone, has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects. The present study was performed to examine the protective effect of genistein against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neonatal rats were exposed to isoflurane (0.75%, 6 hours) on postnatal day 7 (P7). Separate groups of rat pups were orally administered genistein at doses of 20, 40, or 80 mg/kg body weight from P3 to P15 and then exposed to isoflurane anesthesia on P7. Neuronal apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and FluoroJade B staining following isoflurane exposure. Genistein significantly reduced apoptosis in the hippocampus, reduced the expression of proapoptotic factors (Bad, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3), and increased the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. RT-PCR analysis revealed enhanced BDNF and TrkB mRNA levels. Genistein effectively upregulated cAMP levels and phosphorylation of CREB and TrkB, leading to activation of cAMP/CREB-BDNF-TrkB signaling. PI3K/Akt signaling was also significantly activated. Genistein administration improved general behavior and enhanced learning and memory in the rats. These observations suggest that genistein exerts neuroprotective effects by suppressing isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and by activating cAMP/CREB-BDNF-TrkB-PI3/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Qin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuan Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xue-Lian Du
- Department of Gynecology, Shandong Cancer Hospital, Jinan 250117, Shandong Province, China
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48
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Motaghinejad O, Motaghinejad M, Motevalian M, Rahimi-Sharbaf F, Beiranvand T. The effect of maternal forced exercise on offspring pain perception, motor activity and anxiety disorder: the role of 5-HT2 and D2 receptors and CREB gene expression. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:514-525. [PMID: 29114525 PMCID: PMC5667597 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1734992.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of maternal forced exercise on central disorders in offsprings has been shown but the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the role of 5-HT2 and D2 receptors in neuroprotective effects of maternal forced exercise on offspring neurodevelopment and neurobehavioral symptoms is evaluated. Sixty pregnant rats were trained by forced exercise and some behavioral and molecular aspects in their offspring were evaluated in presence of 5-HT2 and D2 receptors agonists and antagonists. The results showed that maternal forced exercise causes increase of pain tolerability and increase latency of pain perception in offspring in hot plate test, writhing test and tail flick test. Also maternal forced exercise causes decrease of depression and anxiety like behavior in offsprings. On the other hand, treatment of mothers by forced exercise in combination with 5-HT2 and D2 receptor antagonists inhibited the protective effects of forced exercise and cause disturbance in pain perception and tolerability and increase depression and anxiety in offsprings. Also expression of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) was changed in all experimental groups. In conclusion, our data suggested that maternal forced exercise causes neurobehavioral protective effect on offsprings and this effect might probably be mediated by 5-HT2 and D2 receptors and activation of CREB gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozra Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Motaghinejad
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manijeh Motevalian
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tabassom Beiranvand
- Razi Drug Research Center and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gómez C, Jimeno D, Fernández-Medarde A, García-Navas R, Calzada N, Santos E. Ras-GRF2 regulates nestin-positive stem cell density and onset of differentiation during adult neurogenesis in the mouse dentate gyrus. Mol Cell Neurosci 2017; 85:127-147. [PMID: 28966131 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Various parameters of neurogenesis were analyzed in parallel in the two neurogenic areas (the Dentate Gyrus[DG] and the Subventricular Zone[SVZ]/Rostral Migratory Stream[RMS]/Main Olfactory Bulb[MOB] neurogenic system) of adult WT and KO mouse strains for the Ras-GRF1/2 genes (Ras-GRF1-KO, Ras-GRF2-KO, Ras-GRF1/2-DKO). Significantly reduced numbers of doublecortin[DCX]-positive cells were specifically observed in the DG, but not the SVZ/RMS/MOB neurogenic region, of Ras-GRF2-KO and Ras-GRF1/2-DKO mice indicating that this novel Ras-GRF2-dependent phenotype is spatially restricted to a specific neurogenic area. Consistent with a role of CREB as mediator of Ras-GRF2 function in neurogenesis, the density of p-CREB-positive cells was also specifically reduced in all neurogenic regions of Ras-GRF2-KO and DKO mice. Similar levels of early neurogenic proliferation markers (Ki67, BrdU) were observed in all different Ras-GRF genotypes analyzed but significantly elevated levels of nestin-immunolabel, particularly of undifferentiated, highly ramified, A-type nestin-positive neurons were specifically detected in the DG but not the SVZ/RMS/MOB of Ras-GRF2-KO and DKO mice. Together with assays of other neurogenic markers (GFAP, Sox2, Tuj1, NeuN), these observations suggest that the deficit of DCX/p-CREB-positive cells in the DG of Ras-GRF2-depleted mice does not involve impaired neuronal proliferation but rather delayed transition from the stem cell stage to the differentiation stages of the neurogenic process. This model is also supported by functional analyses of DG-derived neurosphere cultures and transcriptional characterization of the neurogenic areas of mice of all relevant Ras-GRF genotypes suggesting that the neurogenic role of Ras-GRF2 is exerted in a cell-autonomous manner through a specific transcriptional program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Gómez
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Jimeno
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Medarde
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rósula García-Navas
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Nuria Calzada
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Eugenio Santos
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer-Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (CSIC- Universidad de Salamanca) and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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50
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Kemp PJ, Rushton DJ, Yarova PL, Schnell C, Geater C, Hancock JM, Wieland A, Hughes A, Badder L, Cope E, Riccardi D, Randall AD, Brown JT, Allen ND, Telezhkin V. Improving and accelerating the differentiation and functional maturation of human stem cell-derived neurons: role of extracellular calcium and GABA. J Physiol 2017; 594:6583-6594. [PMID: 27616476 DOI: 10.1113/jp270655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons differentiated from pluripotent stem cells using established neural culture conditions often exhibit functional deficits. Recently, we have developed enhanced media which both synchronize the neurogenesis of pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors and accelerate their functional maturation; together these media are termed SynaptoJuice. This pair of media are pro-synaptogenic and generate authentic, mature synaptic networks of connected forebrain neurons from a variety of induced pluripotent and embryonic stem cell lines. Such enhanced rate and extent of synchronized maturation of pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells generates neurons which are characterized by a relatively hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, higher spontaneous and induced action potential activity, enhanced synaptic activity, more complete development of a mature inhibitory GABAA receptor phenotype and faster production of electrical network activity when compared to standard differentiation media. This entire process - from pre-patterned neural progenitor to active neuron - takes 3 weeks or less, making it an ideal platform for drug discovery and disease modelling in the fields of human neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and Schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Kemp
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David J Rushton
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Charlene Geater
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jane M Hancock
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratory, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | | | - Alis Hughes
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Luned Badder
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Emma Cope
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Andrew D Randall
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratory, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Jonathan T Brown
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratory, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
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