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Khalilipalandi S, Lemieux A, Lauzon-Schnitka J, Perreault L, Dubois M, Tousignant A, Watelle L, Pratte G, Dallaire F. Systematic review and meta-analysis of prenatal risk factors for congenital heart disease: maternal chronic diseases and parental exposures. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00524-5. [PMID: 38996968 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable heterogeneity in studies on prenatal risk factors for congenital heart diseases (CHDs). We performed a meta-analyse of all non-genetic factors of CHDs. This report presents results of factors related to maternal chronic diseases and parental exposures. METHODS A systematic search encompassing concepts of CHD and risk factors was used, using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original peer-reviewed articles, (2) quantifying the effects of risk factors for CHDs, (3) between 1989 and 2022. Pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using a random effect model. RESULTS Inclusion criteria were met for 170 studies. There was an association between being overweight/obese and CHDs (OR 1.26; 95% CI 1.15-1.37), with a dose-effect relationship. Pregestational diabetes (PGDM) was associated with CHDs (OR 3.51; 95% CI 2.86-4.3), without difference between type I and type II PGDM. The effect size of gestational diabetes was less than that of PGDM (OR 1.38;95% CI: 1.18-1.61). There was an association between CHDs and preeclampsia (OR 2.01; 95% CI 1.32-3.05), and paternal smoking (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.03-1.70) and alcohol use (OR 1.50; 95%CI 1.08-2.08). A smaller association was found with maternal smoking and advanced maternal age. CONCLUSIONS There exists robust evidence for increased risk of CHD in the presence of obesity, maternal diabetes, maternal smoking and increased maternal age. The effect sizes were relatively modest, except for PGDM. The robustness of the evidence decreased when CHDs were divided into subgroups, or when the analyses were restricted to severe CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khalilipalandi
- Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Alyssia Lemieux
- Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Jonathan Lauzon-Schnitka
- Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Laurence Perreault
- Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Mélodie Dubois
- Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Angélique Tousignant
- Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Laurence Watelle
- Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Gabriel Pratte
- Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada
| | - Frédéric Dallaire
- Faculty of medicine and health sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qc, Canada.
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Plutecki D, Kozioł T, Bonczar M, Ostrowski P, Skorupa A, Matejuk S, Walocha J, Pękala J, Musiał A, Pasternak A, Koziej M. Renal agenesis: A meta-analysis of its prevalence and clinical characteristics based on 15 641 184 patients. Nephrology (Carlton) 2023; 28:525-533. [PMID: 37254584 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to analyse the newest relevant data on worldwide prevalence and associated symptoms of renal agenesis (RA). This meta-analysis builds on previous systematic reviews to include bilateral RA, its symptoms and data on gender, unilateral RA and anomaly location prevalence. Review of available data included records in English and other languages from PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SciELO, BIOSIS, Current Content Connect Korean Journal Database and Russian Citation Index and Google. A total of 15 641 184 patients were analysed in relation to the prevalence of RA. The pooled prevalence of RA was 0.03% (95% CI: 0.03%-0.04%). Based on 500 subjects, a pooled prevalence of 47.96% (95% CI: 31.55%-64.58%) for unilateral and 52.04% (95% CI: 35.42%-68.45%) for bilateral RA has been set. Our study presents the newest generalized findings on bilateral RA. There appears to be universal disease and symptom prevalence with minor differences between world regions, although quality of future observational research should include genomic data. This will provide even further insight into the prognosis of various renal anomalies and their etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Plutecki
- Collegium Medicum, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kozioł
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Michał Bonczar
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Patryk Ostrowski
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Alicja Skorupa
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Matejuk
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy Walocha
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jakub Pękala
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Musiał
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Artur Pasternak
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mateusz Koziej
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Wilkie G, Melnik V, Brainard L, Antonioli S, Baltich Nelson B, Leung K, Leftwich H. Continuous glucose monitor use in type 2 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100969. [PMID: 37061044 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.100969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess whether continuous glucose monitor use in type 2 diabetes mellitus in pregnancy is associated with improved perinatal outcomes. DATA SOURCES We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane library from inception through May 9, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included all studies that compared continuous glucose monitor use with fingerstick glucose monitoring in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS The initial search yielded 2463 unique citations that were screened in Covidence by 2 independent reviewers. Study types included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies. Our outcomes of interest were macrosomia or large-for-gestational-age infants, hemoglobin A1c, cesarean delivery, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy including preeclampsia, gestational age at delivery, and neonatal hypoglycemia. RESULTS Three randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. We performed random-effects meta-analyses of estimates from 2 studies without risk of significant bias and reported summary adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analysis of 56 women with continuous glucose monitor use and 53 control women without continuous glucose monitor use showed that there was no difference in the incidence of large-for-gestational-age infants between continuous glucose monitor users and standard-of-care controls (odds ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-1.78) with an I2 of 0%. In addition, there was no difference in the development of preeclampsia between continuous glucose monitor users and standard-of-care controls (odds ratio, 1.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.34-7.22) with an I2 of 0%. CONCLUSION Continuous glucose monitor use was not associated with improved perinatal outcomes as assessed by large-for-gestational-age infants and preeclampsia. This review is limited by the small amount of data available for this population, and further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Wilkie
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA (Dr Wilkie, Ms Leung, and Dr Leftwich).
| | - Veronika Melnik
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA (Ms. Melnik, Ms. Brainard, Ms. Antonioli, and Ms. Nelson)
| | - Lydia Brainard
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA (Ms. Melnik, Ms. Brainard, Ms. Antonioli, and Ms. Nelson)
| | - Sophia Antonioli
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA (Ms. Melnik, Ms. Brainard, Ms. Antonioli, and Ms. Nelson)
| | - Becky Baltich Nelson
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA (Ms. Melnik, Ms. Brainard, Ms. Antonioli, and Ms. Nelson)
| | - Katherine Leung
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA (Dr Wilkie, Ms Leung, and Dr Leftwich)
| | - Heidi Leftwich
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA (Dr Wilkie, Ms Leung, and Dr Leftwich)
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Yan YS, Feng C, Yu DQ, Tian S, Zhou Y, Huang YT, Cai YT, Chen J, Zhu MM, Jin M. Long-term outcomes and potential mechanisms of offspring exposed to intrauterine hyperglycemia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1067282. [PMID: 37255932 PMCID: PMC10226394 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1067282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, which can be classified into pregestational diabetes and gestational diabetes, has become much more prevalent worldwide. Maternal diabetes fosters an intrauterine abnormal environment for fetus, which not only influences pregnancy outcomes, but also leads to fetal anomaly and development of diseases in later life, such as metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, neuropsychiatric outcomes, reproduction malformation, and immune dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms are comprehensive and ambiguous, which mainly focus on microbiota, inflammation, reactive oxygen species, cell viability, and epigenetics. This review concluded with the influence of intrauterine hyperglycemia on fetal structure development and organ function on later life and outlined potential mechanisms that underpin the development of diseases in adulthood. Maternal diabetes leaves an effect that continues generations after generations through gametes, thus more attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment of diabetes to rescue the pathological attacks of maternal diabetes from the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shang Yan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chun Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Qing Yu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Tian
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miao-Miao Zhu
- Department of Operating Theatre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Price ME, Fishler KP, Muff-Luett M, Mauch TJ, Brunelli L, Euteneuer JC. Variants in AQP11 may result in autosomal recessive bilateral cystic renal dysgenesis. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:612-616. [PMID: 36420936 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital renal cystic dysplasia is a rare disease that occurs in approximately 1 in 4000 children and is often discovered in the antenatal period by ultrasound. It is commonly associated with oligohydramnios in utero and/or renal insufficiency or failure in the postnatal period. Aquaporins are membrane proteins that serve as transport channels in the transfer of water or small solutes across cell membranes. They play a role in the development of renal cysts. Aquaporin 11 (AQP11) deficient mice develop polycystic kidney disease in utero due to disruption of polycystin-1. Here we describe a case of bilateral cystic kidney disease in a patient with novel compound heterozygous variants in AQP11: c.780G>T (p. Trp260Cys) and c.472C>T (p.Pro158Ser) (NM_173039.2) identified by whole genome sequencing. These findings suggest, for the first time, the potential role of AQP11 in congenital renal cystic dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Price
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Kristen P Fishler
- Munroe-Meyer Institute of Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Melissa Muff-Luett
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Teri J Mauch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Luca Brunelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joshua C Euteneuer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Wu L, Li N, Liu Y. Association Between Maternal Factors and Risk of Congenital Heart Disease in Offspring: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:29-48. [PMID: 36344649 PMCID: PMC9867685 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to summarize the evidence describing the relationship between maternal factors during gestation and risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) in offspring. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched for potentially relevant reports from inception to May 2021. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) calculated by the random-effects model were used to evaluate the association between maternal factors and CHD risk. RESULTS There was a significant association between CHD risk and obesity in pregnancy (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.22-1.37; P < 0.001), smoking in pregnancy (OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.07-1.25; P < 0.001), maternal diabetes (OR 2.65, 95% CI 2.20-3.19; P < 0.001), and exposure of pregnant women to organic solvents (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.23-2.70; P = 0.003). No correlations were revealed between CHD susceptibility and advanced maternal age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.96-1.12; P = 0.328), underweight (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.96-1.08; P = 0.519), alcohol intake in pregnancy (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.95-1.22; P = 0.251), coffee intake (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.97-1.44; P = 0.105), and exposure to irradiation (OR 1.80, 95% CI 0.85-3.80; P = 0.125). DISCUSSION Maternal factors including maternal obesity, smoking in pregnancy, maternal diabetes and exposure to organic solvents might predispose the offspring to CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Risks of specific congenital anomalies in offspring of women with diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based studies including over 80 million births. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003900. [PMID: 35104296 PMCID: PMC8806075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pre-gestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) has been known to be a risk factor for congenital heart defects (CHDs) for decades. However, the associations between maternal PGDM and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and the risk of specific types of CHDs and congenital anomalies (CAs) in other systems remain under debate. We aimed to investigate type-specific CAs in offspring of women with diabetes and to examine the extent to which types of maternal diabetes are associated with increased risk of CAs in offspring. METHODS AND FINDINGS We searched PubMed and Embase from database inception to 15 October 2021 for population-based studies reporting on type-specific CAs in offspring born to women with PGDM (combined type 1 and 2) or GDM, with no limitation on language. Reviewers extracted data for relevant outcomes and performed random effects meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, and multivariable meta-regression. Risk of bias appraisal was performed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. This study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021229217). Primary outcomes were overall CAs and CHDs. Secondary outcomes were type-specific CAs. Overall, 59 population-based studies published from 1990 to 2021 with 80,437,056 participants met the inclusion criteria. Of the participants, 2,407,862 (3.0%) women had PGDM and 2,353,205 (2.9%) women had GDM. The meta-analyses showed increased risks of overall CAs/CHDs in offspring born to women with PGDM (for overall CAs, relative risk [RR] = 1.99, 95% CI 1.82 to 2.17, P < 0.001; for CHDs, RR = 3.46, 95% CI 2.77 to 4.32, P < 0.001) or GDM (for overall CAs, RR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.23, P < 0.001; for CHDs, RR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.64, P < 0.001). The results of the meta-regression analyses showed significant differences in RRs of CAs/CHDs in PGDM versus GDM (all P < 0.001). Of the 23 CA categories, excluding CHD-related categories, in offspring, maternal PGDM was associated with a significantly increased risk of CAs in 21 categories; the corresponding RRs ranged from 1.57 (for hypospadias, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.02) to 18.18 (for holoprosencephaly, 95% CI 4.03 to 82.06). Maternal GDM was associated with a small but significant increase in the risk of CAs in 9 categories; the corresponding RRs ranged from 1.14 (for limb reduction, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.23) to 5.70 (for heterotaxia, 95% CI 1.09 to 29.92). The main limitation of our analysis is that some high significant heterogeneity still persisted in both subgroup and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we observed an increased rate of CAs in offspring of women with diabetes and noted the differences for PGDM versus GDM. The RRs of overall CAs and CHDs in offspring of women with PGDM were higher than those in offspring of women with GDM. Screening for diabetes in pregnant women may enable better glycemic control, and may enable identification of offspring at risk for CAs.
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Martin RB, Duryea EL, Ambia A, Ragsdale A, Mcintire D, Wells CE, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Nelson DB. Congenital Malformation Risk According to Hemoglobin A1c Values in a Contemporary Cohort with Pregestational Diabetes. Am J Perinatol 2021; 38:1217-1222. [PMID: 34087946 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1730435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the association between hemoglobin A1c values and likelihood of fetal anomalies in women with pregestational diabetes. STUDY DESIGN Women with pregestational diabetes who delivered at a single institution that serves a nonreferred population from May 1, 2009 to December 31, 2018 were ascertained. Hemoglobin A1c values were obtained at the first prenatal visit. Women who delivered a singleton live- or stillborn infant with a major malformation as defined by European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies criteria were identified. In infants with multiple system anomalies, each malformation was considered separately. Hemoglobin A1c values were analyzed categorically by using Mantel-Haenszel method and continuously with linear regression for trend for fetal anomalies. RESULTS A total of 1,676 deliveries to women with pregestational diabetes were delivered at our institution, and hemoglobin A1c was assessed in 1,573 deliveries (94%). There were 129 deliveries of an infant with at least one major malformation, an overall anomaly rate of approximately 8%. Mean hemoglobin A1c concentration was significantly higher in pregnancies with anomalous infants, 9.3 ± 2.1% versus 8.0 ± 2.1%, and p <0.001. There was no difference in gestational age at the time hemoglobin A1c was obtained, 13 ± 8.3 versus 14 ± 8.7 weeks. Hemoglobin A1c was associated with increased probability of a congenital malformation. This reached 10% with a hemoglobin A1c concentration of 10%, and 20% with a hemoglobin A1c of 13%. Similar trends were seen when examining risk of anomalies by organ system with increasing hemoglobin A1c levels, with the greatest increase in probability for both cardiac and genitourinary anomalies. CONCLUSION In women with pregestational diabetes, hemoglobin A1c is strongly associated with fetal anomaly risk. Data from a contemporary cohort may facilitate counseling and also highlight the need for preconceptual care and glycemic optimization prior to entry to obstetric care. KEY POINTS · Infants of diabetic mothers had an 8% major anomaly rate.. · HbA1c of 10% in pregnancy associated with 10% anomaly rate.. · HbA1c of 13% in pregnancy associated with 20% anomaly rate.. · Preconceptual care is important to reduce prevalence..
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Martin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Elaine L Duryea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Anne Ambia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Alexandra Ragsdale
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Donald Mcintire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Chet Edward Wells
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Catherine Y Spong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jodi S Dashe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - David B Nelson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Wu XX, Ge RX, Huang L, Tian FY, Chen YX, Wu LL, Niu JM. Pregestational diabetes mediates the association between maternal obesity and the risk of congenital heart defects. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:367-374. [PMID: 34510805 PMCID: PMC8847144 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION We aimed to explore whether the association between obesity and congenital heart defects (CHDs) can be mediated by maternal pregestational diabetes (PGDM). MATERIALS AND METHODS We included 53,708 mother-infant pairs with deliveries between 2017 and 2019 from the Birth Cohort in Shenzhen. Mothers were categorized into four groups: the underweight group (body mass index [BMI] <18.5), normal weight group (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24), overweight group (24 ≤ BMI < 28) and obesity group (BMI ≥28). Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between BMI and CHDs. Mediation analysis was used to confirm the effect of PGDM on the association between maternal obesity and CHDs. RESULTS The proportion of obese individuals in the Birth Cohort in Shenzhen was 2.11%. Overall, 372 (0.69%) infants were diagnosed with CHDs. Maternal obesity was associated with an increased risk of CHDs (odds ratio 1.97, 95% confidence interval 1.14-3.41). The mediation effect of PGDM on the association between maternal obesity and CHDs was significant (odds ratio 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.32). The estimated mediation proportion was 24.83%. CONCLUSIONS Maternal obesity was associated with increased risk for CHDs, and PGDM partially mediated the association between maternal obesity and CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Ru-Xiu Ge
- Department of Obstetrics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Le Huang
- Department of Obstetrics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Fu-Ying Tian
- Department of Obstetrics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin-Lin Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Min Niu
- Department of Obstetrics, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shenzhen Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital, Shandong University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Syvänen J, Nietosvaara Y, Hurme S, Perheentupa A, Gissler M, Raitio A, Helenius I. Maternal risk factors for congenital limb deficiencies: A population-based case-control study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2021; 35:450-458. [PMID: 33438777 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for congenital limb deficiencies are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To investigate risk factors for congenital limb deficiencies. METHODS We conducted a nationwide population-based case-control (1:5) study in Finland, using national registers on congenital anomalies, births, and induced abortions, cross-linked with data on maternal prescription medicine use obtained from the registers on Reimbursed Drug Purchases and Medical Special Reimbursements. Five hundred and four children with limb deficiencies (241 isolated, 181 syndromic, and 82 other associated anomalies) were identified, and 2,520 controls were matched to cases on residence and year of pregnancy. Non-syndromic cases (n = 323) were subdivided into longitudinal (n = 120), transverse (n = 123), intercalary (n = 24), mixed (n = 18), and unknown (n = 38) deficiencies. RESULTS Pregestational diabetes was associated with all limb deficiencies (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 12.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.37, 68.25) and with isolated (OR 11.42, 95% CI 2.00, 64.60) deficiencies. Primiparity was associated with increased risk of congenital limb deficiencies among all cases (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.15, 1.93), isolated cases (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.09, 1.96), and among cases with longitudinal (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.24, 2.90) and transverse deficiencies (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.13, 2.70). Young maternal age (<25 years) was associated with all congenital limb deficiencies (OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.02, 1.90) and transverse deficiencies (OR 1.76, 95% CI 1.05, 2.96). Advanced maternal age (≥35 years) was associated with syndromic (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.19, 2.78) and transverse deficiencies (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.06, 3.57). Maternal antiepileptic medication was associated with all (OR 5.77, 95% CI 1.75, 19.04) and with isolated cases (OR 3.83, 95% CI 1.02, 14.34). CONCLUSIONS It is important that pregnant women taking medications, especially antiepileptics, or women with pregestational diabetes are carefully monitored with regard to the occurrence and risk of limb deficiencies in the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Syvänen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Yrjänä Nietosvaara
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saija Hurme
- Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Perheentupa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Gissler
- Information Services Department, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare THL, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arimatias Raitio
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka Helenius
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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11
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Al-Fahham MM, Ali YA. Pattern of congenital heart disease among Egyptian children: a 3-year retrospective study. Egypt Heart J 2021; 73:11. [PMID: 33512632 PMCID: PMC7846646 DOI: 10.1186/s43044-021-00133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial birth defect which has variable demographic characteristics among children in different geographical areas. This study aimed to detect the distribution of demographic data, perinatal risk factors, types, age, and mode of presentation of CHD among Egyptian children. RESULTS The medical records of 1005 patients were included. They were 545 males (54%) and 462 females (46%) with a ratio of 1.2:1. Acyanotic CHD was encountered in 79.2%. Isolated ventricular septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot were the most common acyanotic and cyanotic lesions, respectively. The majority was diagnosed within the first year of life (86.7%) and was born to young mothers (91.3%). The accidental discovery of a murmur was the most frequent presentation (35%). Heart failure was detected in 44%, audible murmurs in 74.4%, maternal illnesses in 54%, consanguinity in 44.6%, prematurity in 19.3%, assisted reproduction in 11.7%, family history of CHD in 9.2%, abortions in 7.1%, and extracardiac anomalies in 3.6% of the studied population. Down syndrome (DS) was the most commonly occurring chromosomal anomaly, and the atrioventricular septal defect was the most characteristic cardiac lesion found among them. CONCLUSIONS There is no sex predilection among Egyptian children with CHD. Most of the cases are diagnosed in early infancy. Accidental discovery of a murmur is the most common mode of presentation. A variety of predisposing risk factors are abundant in the Egyptian population. DS is the most common chromosomal anomaly linked to CHD. Establishment of a national medical birth registry containing all information about all births in Egypt is needed for adequate surveillance and monitoring of perinatal health problems and congenital birth defects so that preventive measures can be early implemented. Proper and detailed data collection should be fulfilled in the medical records of every single patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Moustapha Al-Fahham
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. .,Al-Salam International Hospital/Doctor Residency Building, P.O. Box 11023, Bneid Al Gar, Kuwait.
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12
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Wu Y, Liu B, Sun Y, Du Y, Santillan MK, Santillan DA, Snetselaar LG, Bao W. Association of Maternal Prepregnancy Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus With Congenital Anomalies of the Newborn. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:2983-2990. [PMID: 33087319 PMCID: PMC7770264 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of maternal prepregnancy diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and 12 subtypes of congenital anomalies of the newborn. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included 29,211,974 live births with maternal age ranging from 18 to 49 years old documented in the National Vital Statistics System in the U.S. from 2011 to 2018. Information on prepregnancy diabetes, GDM, and congenital anomalies was retrieved from birth certificates. Log-binomial regression was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs for congenital anomalies overall and by subtypes. RESULTS Of the 29,211,974 live births, there were 90,061 infants who had congenital anomalies identified at birth. The adjusted RRs of congenital anomalies at birth were 2.44 (95% CI 2.33-2.55) for prepregnancy diabetes and 1.28 (95% CI 1.24-1.31) for GDM. The associations were generally consistent across subgroups by maternal age, race/ethnicity, prepregnancy obesity status, and infant sex. For specific subtypes of congenital anomalies, maternal prepregnancy diabetes or GDM was associated with an increased risk of most subtypes. For example, the adjusted RRs of cyanotic congenital heart disease were 4.61 (95% CI 4.28-4.96) for prepregnancy diabetes and 1.50 (95% CI 1.43-1.58) for GDM; the adjusted RRs of hypospadias were 1.88 (95% CI 1.67-2.12) for prepregnancy diabetes and 1.29 (95% CI 1.21-1.36) for GDM. CONCLUSIONS Prepregnancy diabetes and, to a lesser extent, GDM were associated with several subtypes of congenital anomalies of the newborn. These findings suggest potential benefits of preconception counseling in women with preexisting diabetes or at risk for GDM for the prevention of congenital anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yangbo Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Mark K Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Donna A Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Linda G Snetselaar
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA .,Obesity Research and Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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13
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Lastivka IV, Pishak VP, Ryznychuk МО, Khmara ТV. Risk factor analysis for congenital heart defects in children. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common malformations, occurring in almost 1.0 in 100 births. We investigated an association between risk factors and CHDs, because epidemiological studies have reported conflicting results regarding risk factors and CHDs recently. The study of CHD frequency was conducted in Chernivtsi region (Northern Bukovina) on the basis of the medical genetic center. A retrospective method of research by studying registration genetic maps was used to analyze risk factors. 91 cards of infants suffering from CHD (47 boys and 44 girls) aged 0–1 living in the territory of Northern Bukovina were selected. In order to identify risk factors, 133 cards of healthy infants (77 boys and 56 girls) were used. The analysis of risk factors revealed that the female gender of a child is a risk factor for CHD development. The analysis of the ordinal number of pregnancy revealed that the second and the third pregnancies are probable risk factors for the development of this pathology. It was found in our study that folic acid intake during the first trimester prevented CHD development (OR 2.33). The study revealed that among stressful risk factors are: unplanned pregnancy (OR 3.13); out-of-wedlock pregnancy and stress during pregnancy. Maternal CHD increased the CHD development in offspring approximately by two times. Some factors, such as a woman doing hard physical work during pregnancy, having sedentary work during pregnancy, the mother being a housewife or having an incomplete secondary education (OR 3.61), the mother’s secondary education, the father’s incomplete secondary education (OR 18.62), the father serving in the army (OR 2.15) or being a student at the time of woman’s pregnancy (OR 2.97) were significant for CHD development in the fetal stage. A young age of the father (up to 43 years) was also considered as one of the risk factors. This article is expected to provide timely information on risk factors for CHD development to a wide range of medical staff, including pediatric and adult cardiologists, pediatricians, thoracic surgeons, obstetricians, gynecologists, medical geneticists, genetic counselors and other relevant clinicians.
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14
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Martin RB, Duryea EL, Mcintire DD, Twickler DM, Dashe JS. Fetal Anomaly Detection in Pregnancies With Pregestational Diabetes. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:1917-1923. [PMID: 32323894 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate fetal anomaly detection in pregnancies with pregestational diabetes, according to the gestational age at the time of specialized sonography, use of follow-up sonography, maternal body mass index, and organ system(s) involved. METHODS Women with pregestational diabetes who received prenatal care and delivered a live-born or stillborn neonate at our hospital from October 2011 through April 2017 were ascertained. We included all pregnancies with at least 1 confirmed structural anomaly (EUROCAT classification) who had detailed sonography at 18 weeks' gestation or later. We analyzed detection of anomalous fetuses at the initial detailed sonogram and, if no abnormality was identified, during any follow-up sonograms. Statistical analyses were performed with the χ2 test and Mantel-Haenszel χ2 test for trend. RESULTS Seventy-two anomalous neonates (72 of 1060 [6.8%]) were born. Overall detection was 55 of 72 (76%); 49 of 72 (68%) were detected at the initial detailed sonogram, compared to 6 of 15 (40%) of follow-up examinations (P = .04). Recognition at the initial or follow-up examination was not dependent on gestational age or body mass index category (all P > .05). Of individual organ system anomalies, 67 of 89 (75%) were identified. Detection exceeded 85% for central nervous system, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal abnormalities and 43% for craniofacial anomalies. Sixty-five percent of cardiac anomalies were detected, and 14 of 17 (82%) requiring specialized care in the immediate neonatal period were recognized. CONCLUSIONS Approximately three-fourths of anomalous fetuses were identified, with greater detection at the initial detailed examination. Fetuses with central nervous system, genitourinary, musculoskeletal abnormalities and those with cardiac anomalies requiring specialized cardiac care were more likely to come to attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B Martin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Elaine L Duryea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Donald D Mcintire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Diane M Twickler
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jodi S Dashe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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15
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Comprehensive assessment of the associations between maternal diabetes and structural birth defects in offspring: a phenome-wide association study. Ann Epidemiol 2020; 53:14-20.e8. [PMID: 32920098 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to comprehensively evaluate the risk of a broad range of birth defects among offspring of women with diabetes, overall and stratified by pregestational versus gestational diagnosis, using the phenome-wide association (PheWAS) methodology. METHODS We performed a registry linkage study of all live births (>6,500,000) and birth defects cases (>290,000) in Texas, 1999-2015. We ascertained diabetes from birth and fetal death certificates. We calculated prevalence rate ratios (PRR) for phenotypes with ≥10 cases among exposed offspring (n = 130). RESULTS Diabetes was associated with the prevalence of any defect (PRR 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.38-1.42), multiple defects (PRR 1.86, 95% CI 1.81-1.91), and 60 specific phenotypes, including novel (hypospadias, mitral stenosis) and previously reported phenotypes (renal a-/dysgenesis, spinal anomalies). Pregestational diabetes was a stronger risk factor for any defect (PRR 2.00, 95% CI 1.93-2.07), multiple defects (PRR 3.27, 95% CI 3.11-3.44), and the 60 specific phenotypes evaluated. Gestational diabetes was associated with any defect (PRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.19-1.23) and 47 specific birth defects phenotypes, although associations were weaker than for pregestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The PheWAS is an efficient way to identify risk factors for disease using population-based registry data. Pregestational diabetes is associated with a broader range of phenotypes than previously reported. Because diabetes is diagnosed in 1% of women prior to pregnancy and 6%-9% during pregnancy, our results highlight a significant public health concern.
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16
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Obadeji ST, Obadeji A, Bamidele JO, Ajayi FT. Medication use among pregnant women at a secondary health institution: utilisation patterns and predictors of quantity. Afr Health Sci 2020; 20:1206-1216. [PMID: 33402967 PMCID: PMC7751527 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v20i3.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the lack of adequate studies on the safety of drugs in pregnancy, surprisingly, available evidence shows that pregnant women still take large number of drugs. OBJECTIVES The study aim was to determine drug utilization pattern and predictors of number of medications used by pregnant women. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey of 369 pregnant women attending a secondary health facility. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics using the Chi-Square test were carried out with level of significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty-nine women were interviewed. Their mean age was 27.7 years (SD± 4.78) and the mean number of pregnancies was 2.46 (SD± 1.34). On average, 2.62 medications were taken, with the lowest being 1 and the highest being 12 different medications during the course of pregnancy. Those who were on more than 2 medications were more likely to be older than 30 years, had lower education and with history of associated medical conditions. All participants were on one form of supplements or the other, nearly half had used antimalarials, 12.8%, 5.8% 2.4% were on antibiotics, anti-hypertensive and anti-retroviral medications respectively. All the medications prescribed were from category A, B, C, N, and none from category D and X. CONCLUSION Varieties of medications were used during the course of pregnancy among this population, however, most of these drugs were still within safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella T Obadeji
- Department of Pharmacy State Hospital, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Adetunji Obadeji
- Department of Psychiatry/Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Janet O Bamidele
- Department of community medicine and Primary care, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun state
| | - Felix T Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal Medical Centre, Ijaye, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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17
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Parimi M, Nitsch D. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Diabetes During Pregnancy and Congenital Genitourinary Abnormalities. Kidney Int Rep 2020; 5:678-693. [PMID: 32405589 PMCID: PMC7210707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.1027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to assess available epidemiological evidence of the relationship between diabetes during pregnancy and congenital abnormalities of the kidney and the urinary tract (CAKUT). Methods POPLINE, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched to retrieve 6962 articles of which 15 case-control and 11 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between CAKUT and diabetes during pregnancy. Results Offspring born to mothers with any form of diabetes in pregnancy had a 50% increased risk of CAKUT compared with offspring of mothers without diabetes (relative risk [RR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.36–1.67). Compared with offspring with nondiabetic mothers, offspring of mothers with pre-existing diabetes had an almost 2-fold rate of CAKUT (RR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.52–2.54). Offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes had a 39% increased risk of CAKUT (RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.26–1.55) compared with offspring of mothers with no diabetes. The subset of studies that adjusted for body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy showed similar associations. Population attributable risks for gestational diabetes were estimated to be 3.7% of cases of CAKUT in the United States, 4% of CAKUT cases in the United Kingdom, with up to 14.4% CAKUT cases in the South Asian population in the United Kingdom. Conclusion This study suggests that 2.0% to 3.7% of cases of CAKUT in the United States, and up to 14% of CAKUT in some populations could be eliminated if gestational diabetes was prevented or eliminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounika Parimi
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Correspondence: Dorothea Nitsch, Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
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18
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Kondo S, Matsuura S, Ariunbold J, Kinoshita Y, Urushihara M, Suga K, Ozaki N, Nagai T, Fujioka K, Kagami S. Expression of NADPH oxidase and production of reactive oxygen species contribute to ureteric bud branching and nephrogenesis. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2019; 66:93-98. [PMID: 31064963 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.66.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Ureteric bud branching and nephrogenesis are performed through large-scale proliferation and apoptosis events during renal development. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by NADPH oxidase, may contribute to cell behaviors, including proliferation and apoptosis. We investigated the role of NADPH oxidase expression and ROS production in developing kidneys. Immunohistochemistry revealed that NADPH oxidase componentswere expressed on epithelial cells in ureteric bud branches, as well as on immature glomerular cells and epithelial cells in nephrogenic zones. ROS production, detected by dihydroethidium assay, was strongly observed in ureteric bud branches and nephrogenic zones, corresponding with NADPH oxidase localization. Organ culture of E14 kidneys revealed that the inhibition of NADPH oxidase significantly reduced the number of ureteric bud branches and tips, consistent with reduced ROS production. This was associated with reduced expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and increased expression of cleaved caspase-3. Organ culture of E18 kidneys showed that the inhibition of NADPH oxidase reduced nephrogenic zone size, accompanied by reduced ROS production, fewer proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, lower p-ERK1/2 expression, and increased expression of cleaved caspase-3. These results demonstrate that ROS produced by NADPH oxidase might play an important role in ureteric bud branching and nephrogenesis by regulating proliferation and apoptosis. J.Med. Invest. 66 :93-98, February, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sato Matsuura
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jamba Ariunbold
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kinoshita
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Maki Urushihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suga
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Natsuko Ozaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagai
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujioka
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shoji Kagami
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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Chen L, Yang T, Chen L, Wang L, Wang T, Zhao L, Ye Z, Zhang S, Luo L, Zheng Z, Qin J. Risk of congenital heart defects in offspring exposed to maternal diabetes mellitus: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2019; 300:1491-1506. [PMID: 31713644 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-019-05376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs) and its specific phenotypes associated with maternal diabetes mellitus (DM) including pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS PubMed, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, Cochrane Libraries, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journals Fulltext Database and China Biology Medicine disc were searched from the inception dates to 15 December 2018, to identify case-control or cohort studies assessing the association between maternal DM and risk of CHDs. The exposure of interest was maternal DM; the outcomes of interest were CHDs and its specific phenotypes. Either a fixed- or a random-effects model was used to calculate the overall combined risk estimates. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential heterogeneity moderators. RESULTS Total 52 studies, which involved 259,917 patients with CHDs among 16,929,835 participants, were included for analysis. Overall, mothers with DM compared with those without DM had a significantly higher risk of CHDs in offspring [odds ratios (OR) = 2.71, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.28-3.23]. When data were restricted to different types of DM, a significantly increased risk of CHDs was observed among mothers with PGDM (OR = 3.18, 95% CI 2.77-3.65) and GDM (OR = 1.98, 95% CI 1.66-2.36). Our study suggested the risk of CHDs was significantly higher among mothers with PGDM than those with GDM. Additionally, this study suggested maternal DM was significantly associated with most phenotypes of CHDs; of these, double outlet of the right ventricle (OR = 10.89; 95% CI 8.77-13.53), atrioventricular septal defect (OR = 5.74; 95% CI 3.20-10.27) and truncus arteriosus (OR = 5.06; 95% CI 2.65-9.65) were identified as the first three of the most common phenotypes of CHDs associated with maternal DM. CONCLUSIONS The maternal DM including PGDM and GDM are significantly associated with risk of CHDs and its most phenotypes. The PGDM seems to be more likely to cause CHDs in offspring than GDM. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Tubao Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Lizhang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Lesan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Ziwei Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Senmao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Liu Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Zan Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China
| | - Jiabi Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Hunan, China.
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20
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Low birth weight, a risk factor for diseases in later life, is a surrogate of insulin resistance at birth. J Hypertens 2019; 37:2123-2134. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
Hyperglycemia is common during pregnancy, involving multisystem adaptations. Pregnancy-induced metabolic changes increase insulin resistance. Pregnancy-induced insulin resistance adds to preexisting insulin resistance. Preexisting pancreatic β-cell defect compromises the ability to enhance insulin secretion, leading to hyperglycemia. Women with type 2 DM have similar rates of major congenital malformations, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality, but an even higher risk of perinatal mortality. In utero type 2 DM exposure confers greater risk and reduces time to development of type 2 DM in offspring. Preconception care to improve metabolic control in women with type 2 diabetes is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kapur
- World Diabetes Foundation, 30 A, Krogshoejvej, Bagsverd 2880, Denmark; FIGO Pregnancy and NCD Committee, Jabotinski Street, Petah Tiqwa 49100, Israel.
| | - Harold David McIntyre
- FIGO Pregnancy and NCD Committee, Jabotinski Street, Petah Tiqwa 49100, Israel; UQ Mater Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Health Services, University of Queensland, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, Brisbane, Qld 4101, Australia
| | - Moshe Hod
- FIGO Pregnancy and NCD Committee, Jabotinski Street, Petah Tiqwa 49100, Israel; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Clalit Health Services, Mor Women's Health Center, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, 18 Aba Ahimeir St., Tel Aviv 6949204, Israel
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Dastgiri S, Kalankesh LR, Saberi N, Ziasarabi P. Estimation of the preventable proportion of congenital anomalies by selected risk factors in mothers: A case study in Iran. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2019; 33:68. [PMID: 31456992 PMCID: PMC6708091 DOI: 10.34171/mjiri.33.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Worldwide, 1-6 percent of infants have at least one congenital anomaly that can lead to long-term consequences. This may have significant impacts on individuals, families, health-care systems, and societies. The aim of this study was to estimate the Population Attributable Fraction (PAF) of some congenital anomalies by three selected risk factors (obesity, diabetes and smoking) in the northwest of Iran and to estimate the number of preventable defects at birth in the population if we could reduce 50 percent of the exposure rate to these three risk factors at population level. Methods: The regional data on smoking, obesity, and diabetes were entered in Population Estimate of Attributable Fraction of Congenital Conditions Everywhere (PEACE) software developed by International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research (ICBDSR). It calculates the PAF for congenital anomalies attributed to exposure to those three risk factors. Results: This study showed that main anomalies attributed to "obesity" include Spina Bifida 40.1% (95% CI: 31.7-47.7), Hydrocephaly 26.8 (95% CI: 9.3-42.3) and Anencephaly 17.4 (95% CI: 1.6-31.9). The highest attributable defect to "smoking" was Cleft lip w/out Palate 5.8% (95% CI: 4.3-7.4), whereas for "diabetes" it was Tetralogy of Fallot 33.3 (95% CI: 17.2-49.5). A similar pattern was found when assumed in the model, the impact of 50 percent reduction in the exposure to each of the risk factors on preventable cases of birth defects in the population. Conclusion: Obesity, diabetes, and smoking in women of childbearing age increased the risk of occurrence of congenital anomalies. However, obesity and diabetes had a remarkably greater impact compared to smoking. More studies are needed to investigate the role of passive smoking as a risk factor for the occurrence of birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Dastgiri
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Leila R Kalankesh
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Centre, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negar Saberi
- School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran
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Rousseau-Ralliard D, Couturier-Tarrade A, Thieme R, Brat R, Rolland A, Boileau P, Aubrière MC, Daniel N, Dahirel M, Derisoud E, Fournier N, Schindler M, Duranthon V, Fischer B, Santos AN, Chavatte-Palmer P. A short periconceptional exposure to maternal type-1 diabetes is sufficient to disrupt the feto-placental phenotype in a rabbit model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 480:42-53. [PMID: 30308265 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tight metabolic control of type-1 diabetes is essential during gestation, but it could be crucial during the periconception period. Feto-placental consequences of maternal type-1 diabetes around the time of conception need to be explored. Using a rabbit model, type-1 diabetes was induced by alloxan 7 days before mating. Glycemia was maintained at 15-20 mmol/L with exogenous insulin injections to prevent ketoacidosis. At 4 days post-conception (dpc), embryos were collected from diabetic (D) or normoglycemic control (C) dams, respectively, and transferred into non-diabetic recipients. At 28dpc, D- and C-feto-placental units were collected for biometry, placental analyses and lipid profiles. D-fetuses were growth-retarded, hyperglycemic and dyslipidemic compared to C-fetuses. The efficiency of D-placentas was associated with an increased gene expression related to nutrient supply and lipid metabolism whereas volume density of fetal vessels decreased. Fetal plasma, placental and fetal liver membranes had specific fatty acid signatures depending on embryonic origin. Tissues from D-fetuses contained more omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid decreased while linoleic acid increased in the heart of D-fetuses. This study demonstrates that a short exposure to maternal type-1 diabetes in the periconception window, until the blastocyst stage, is able to irreversibly malprogram the feto-placental phenotype, through precocious and persistent structural and molecular adaptations of placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - René Thieme
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, D-06097, Halle, Germany; Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Roselyne Brat
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Audrey Rolland
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Pascal Boileau
- UVSQ (University of Versailles-Saint Quentin), Neonatal Medicine-CHIPS, 78303, Poissy, France
| | | | - Nathalie Daniel
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Michèle Dahirel
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Emilie Derisoud
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Natalie Fournier
- European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Biochemistry Unit, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Maria Schindler
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | | | - Bernd Fischer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Anne Navarrete Santos
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin Luther University Faculty of Medicine, D-06097, Halle, Germany
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Kovalenko AA, Anda EE, Odland JØ, Nieboer E, Brenn T, Krettek A. Risk Factors for Ventricular Septal Defects in Murmansk County, Russia: A Registry-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15071320. [PMID: 29937526 PMCID: PMC6069126 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular malformations are one of the most common birth defects among newborns and constitute a leading cause of perinatal and infant mortality. Although some risk factors are recognized, the causes of cardiovascular malformations (CVMs) remain largely unknown. In this study, we aim to identify risk factors for ventricular septal defects (VSDs) in Northwest Russia. The study population included singleton births registered in the Murmansk County Birth Registry (MCBR) between 1 January 2006 and 31 December 2011. Infants with a diagnosis of VSD in the MCBR and/or in the Murmansk Regional Congenital Defects Registry (up to two years post-delivery) constituted the study sample. Among the 52,253 infants born during the study period there were 744 cases of septal heart defects (SHDs), which corresponds to a prevalence of 14.2 [95% confidence interval (CI) of 13.2–15.3] per 1000 infants. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify VSD risk factors. Increased risk of VSDs was observed among infants born to mothers who abused alcohol [OR = 4.83; 95% CI 1.88–12.41], or smoked during pregnancy [OR = 1.35; 95% CI 1.02–1.80]. Maternal diabetes mellitus was also a significant risk factor [OR = 8.72; 95% CI 3.16–24.07], while maternal age, body mass index, folic acid and multivitamin intake were not associated with increased risk. Overall risks of VSDs for male babies were lower [OR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.52–0.88].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton A Kovalenko
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- International School of Public Health, Northern State Medical University, 163000 Arkhangelsk, Russia.
| | - Erik Eik Anda
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Jon Øyvind Odland
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Evert Nieboer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, L9H 6C6 ON, Canada.
| | - Tormod Brenn
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Alexandra Krettek
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
- Department of Biomedicine and Public Health, School of Health and Education, University of Skövde, 54128 Skövde, Sweden.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Hoang TT, Marengo LK, Mitchell LE, Canfield MA, Agopian AJ. Original Findings and Updated Meta-Analysis for the Association Between Maternal Diabetes and Risk for Congenital Heart Disease Phenotypes. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:118-128. [PMID: 28505225 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal diabetes is associated with congenital heart defects (CHDs) as a group, but few studies have assessed risk for specific CHD phenotypes. We analyzed these relationships using data from the Texas Birth Defects Registry and statewide vital records for deliveries taking place in 1999-2009 (n = 48,249 cases). We used Poisson regression to calculate prevalence ratios for the associations between maternal diabetes (pregestational or gestational) and each CHD phenotype, adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were repeated by type of diabetes. To address the potential for misclassification bias, we performed logistic regression, using malformed controls. We also conducted meta-analyses, combining our estimates of the association between pregestational diabetes and each CHD phenotype with previous estimates. The prevalence of every CHD phenotype was greater among women with pregestational diabetes than among nondiabetic women. Most of these differences were statistically significant (adjusted prevalence ratios = 2.47-13.20). Associations were slightly attenuated for many CHD phenotypes among women with gestational diabetes. The observed associations did not appear to be the result of misclassification bias. In our meta-analysis, pregestational diabetes was significantly associated with each CHD phenotype. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the teratogenic effects of maternal diabetes and improved counseling for risk of specific CHD phenotypes.
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Abstract
Undescended testis - known as cryptorchidism - is one of the most common congenital abnormalities observed in boys, and is one of the few known risk factors for testicular cancer. The key factors that contribute to the occurrence of cryptorchidism remain elusive. Testicular descent is thought to occur during two hormonally-controlled phases in fetal development - between 8-15 weeks (the first phase of decent) and 25-35 weeks gestation (the second phase of descent); the failure of a testis to descend permanently is probably caused by disruptions to one or both of these phases, but the causes and mechanisms of such disruptions are still unclear. A broad range of putative risk factors have been evaluated in relation to the development of cryptorchidism but their plausibility is still in question. Consistent evidence of an association with cryptorchidism exists for only a few factors, and in those cases in which evidence seems unequivocal the factor is likely to be a surrogate for the true causal exposure. The relative importance of each risk factor could vary considerably between mother-son pairs depending on an array of genetic, maternal, placental and fetal factors - all of which could vary between regions. Thus, the role of causative factors in aetiology of cryptorchidism requires further research.
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Hokke S, Arias N, Armitage JA, Puelles VG, Fong K, Geraci S, Gretz N, Bertram JF, Cullen-McEwen LA. Maternal glucose intolerance reduces offspring nephron endowment and increases glomerular volume in adult offspring. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32:816-826. [PMID: 27037899 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies report a nephron deficit in offspring exposed to maternal diabetes, yet are limited to models of severe hyperglycaemia which do not reflect the typical clinical condition and which are associated with foetal growth restriction that may confound nephron endowment. We aimed to assess renal morphology and function in offspring of leptin receptor deficient mice (Leprdb /+) and hypothesized that exposure to impaired maternal glucose tolerance (IGT) would be detrimental to the developing kidney. METHODS Nephron endowment was assessed in offspring of C57BKS/J Leprdb /+ and +/+ mice at embryonic day (E)18 and postnatal day (PN)21 using design-based stereology. Transcutaneous measurement of renal function and total glomerular volume were assessed in 6-month-old offspring. Only +/+ offspring of Leprdb /+ dams were analysed. RESULTS Compared with +/+ dams, Leprdb /+ dams had a 20% and 35% decrease in glucose tolerance prior to pregnancy and at E17.5 respectively. Offspring of IGT Leprdb /+ dams had approximately 15% fewer nephrons at E18.5 and PN21 than offspring of +/+ dams. There was no difference in offspring bodyweight. Despite normal renal function, total glomerular volume was 13% greater in 6-month-old offspring of IGT Leprdb /+ dams than in +/+ offspring. CONCLUSIONS IGT throughout gestation resulted in a nephron deficit that was established early in renal development. Maternal IGT was associated with glomerular hypertrophy in adult offspring, likely a compensatory response to maintain normal renal function. Given the increasing prevalence of IGT, monitoring glucose from early in gestation may be important to prevent altered kidney morphology. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Hokke
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicole Arias
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - James A Armitage
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor G Puelles
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen Fong
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefania Geraci
- Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - John F Bertram
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Luise A Cullen-McEwen
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
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Chou HH, Chiou MJ, Liang FW, Chen LH, Lu TH, Li CY. Association of maternal chronic disease with risk of congenital heart disease in offspring. CMAJ 2016; 188:E438-E446. [PMID: 27729382 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.160061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information about known risk factors for congenital heart disease is scarce. In this population-based study, we aimed to investigate the relation between maternal chronic disease and congenital heart disease in offspring. METHODS The study cohort consisted of 1 387 650 live births from 2004 to 2010. We identified chronic disease in mothers and mild and severe forms of congenital heart disease in their offspring from Taiwan's National Health Insurance medical claims. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to assess the associations of all cases and specific types of congenital heart disease with various maternal chronic diseases. RESULTS For mothers with the following chronic diseases, the overall prevalence of congenital heart disease in their children was significantly higher than for mothers without these diseases: diabetes mellitus type 1 (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66-3.25), diabetes mellitus type 2 (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI 2.60-3.12), hypertension (adjusted OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.69-2.07), congenital heart defects (adjusted OR 3.05, 95% CI 2.45-3.80), anemia (adjusted OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.25-1.38), connective tissue disorders (adjusted OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.19-1.62), epilepsy (adjusted OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.08-1.74) and mood disorders (adjusted OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.11-1.41). The same pattern held for mild forms of congenital heart disease. A higher prevalence of severe congenital heart disease was seen only among offspring of mothers with congenital heart defects or type 2 diabetes. INTERPRETATION The children of women with several kinds of chronic disease appear to be at risk for congenital heart disease. Preconception counselling and optimum treatment of pregnant women with chronic disease would seem prudent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hsu Chou
- Department of Pediatrics (Chou), Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Applied Life Science and Health (Chou), College of Human Ecology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine (Chiou, Liang, Lu, Li), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Statistics (Chen), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health (Li), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jiun Chiou
- Department of Pediatrics (Chou), Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Applied Life Science and Health (Chou), College of Human Ecology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine (Chiou, Liang, Lu, Li), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Statistics (Chen), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health (Li), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Wen Liang
- Department of Pediatrics (Chou), Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Applied Life Science and Health (Chou), College of Human Ecology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine (Chiou, Liang, Lu, Li), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Statistics (Chen), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health (Li), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lea-Hua Chen
- Department of Pediatrics (Chou), Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Applied Life Science and Health (Chou), College of Human Ecology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine (Chiou, Liang, Lu, Li), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Statistics (Chen), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health (Li), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsueh Lu
- Department of Pediatrics (Chou), Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Applied Life Science and Health (Chou), College of Human Ecology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine (Chiou, Liang, Lu, Li), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Statistics (Chen), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health (Li), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Li
- Department of Pediatrics (Chou), Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Department of Applied Life Science and Health (Chou), College of Human Ecology, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine (Chiou, Liang, Lu, Li), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Statistics (Chen), Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health (Li), College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liu S, Rouleau J, León JA, Sauve R, Joseph KS, Ray JG. Impact of pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus on congenital anomalies, Canada, 2002-2012. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2015; 35:79-84. [PMID: 26186019 PMCID: PMC4910455 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.35.5.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of pre-pregnancy diabetes mellitus (DM) on the population birth prevalence of congenital anomalies in Canada. METHODS We carried out a population-based study of all women who delivered in Canadian hospitals (except those in the province of Quebec) between April 2002 and March 2013 and their live-born infants with a birth weight of 500 grams or more and/or a gestational age of 22 weeks or more. Pre-pregnancy type 1 or type 2 DM was identified using ICD-10 diagnostic codes. The association between DM and all congenital anomalies as well as specific congenital anomaly categories was estimated using adjusted odds ratios; the impact was calculated as a population attributable risk percent (PAR%). RESULTS There were 118,892 infants with a congenital anomaly among 2,839,680 live births (41.9 per 1000). While the prevalence of any congenital anomaly declined from 50.7 per 1000 live births in 2002/03 to 41.5 per 1000 in 2012/13, the corresponding PAR% for a congenital anomaly related to pre-pregnancy DM rose from 0.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.4-0.8) to 1.2% (95% CI: 0.9-1.4). Specifically, the PAR% for congenital cardiovascular defects increased from 2.3% (95% CI: 1.7-2.9) to 4.2% (95% CI: 3.5-4.9) and for gastrointestinal defects from 0.8% (95% CI: 0.2-1.9) to 1.4% (95% CI: 0.7-2.6) over the study period. CONCLUSION Although there has been a relative decline in the prevalence of congenital anomalies in Canada, the proportion of congenital anomalies due to maternal pre-pregnancy DM has increased. Enhancement of preconception care initiatives for women with DM is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Maternal, Child & Youth Health Unit, Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Rouleau
- Maternal, Child & Youth Health Unit, Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J A León
- Maternal, Child & Youth Health Unit, Surveillance and Epidemiology Division, Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Sauve
- Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - K S Joseph
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Children's and Women's Hospital of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - J G Ray
- Departments of Medicine, Health Policy Management and Evaluation, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Dart AB, Ruth CA, Sellers EA, Au W, Dean HJ. Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (CAKUT) in the Child. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 65:684-91. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Simeone RM, Devine OJ, Marcinkevage JA, Gilboa SM, Razzaghi H, Bardenheier BH, Sharma AJ, Honein MA. Diabetes and congenital heart defects: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and modeling project. Am J Prev Med 2015; 48:195-204. [PMID: 25326416 PMCID: PMC4455032 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Maternal pregestational diabetes (PGDM) is a risk factor for development of congenital heart defects (CHDs). Glycemic control before pregnancy reduces the risk of CHDs. A meta-analysis was used to estimate summary ORs and mathematical modeling was used to estimate population attributable fractions (PAFs) and the annual number of CHDs in the U.S. potentially preventable by establishing glycemic control before pregnancy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A systematic search of the literature through December 2012 was conducted in 2012 and 2013. Case-control or cohort studies were included. Data were abstracted from 12 studies for a meta-analysis of all CHDs. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Summary estimates of the association between PGDM and CHDs and 95% credible intervals (95% CrIs) were developed using Bayesian random-effects meta-analyses for all CHDs and specific CHD subtypes. Posterior estimates of this association were combined with estimates of CHD prevalence to produce estimates of PAFs and annual prevented cases. Ninety-five percent uncertainty intervals (95% UIs) for estimates of the annual number of preventable cases were developed using Monte Carlo simulation. Analyses were conducted in 2013. The summary OR estimate for the association between PGDM and CHDs was 3.8 (95% CrI=3.0, 4.9). Approximately 2670 (95% UI=1795, 3795) cases of CHDs could potentially be prevented annually if all women in the U.S. with PGDM achieved glycemic control before pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Estimates from this analysis suggest that preconception care of women with PGDM could have a measureable impact by reducing the number of infants born with CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina M Simeone
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
| | - Owen J Devine
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities
| | - Jessica A Marcinkevage
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | | | - Hilda Razzaghi
- National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | | | - Andrea J Sharma
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC; U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, Atlanta, Georgia
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Feng Y, Yu D, Yang L, Da M, Wang Z, Lin Y, Ni B, Wang S, Mo X. Maternal lifestyle factors in pregnancy and congenital heart defects in offspring: review of the current evidence. Ital J Pediatr 2014; 40:85. [PMID: 25385357 PMCID: PMC4243331 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-014-0085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of children with congenital heart defects(CHDs) continues to improve with advancing surgical techniques; however, lack of information about modifiable risk factors for malformations in cardiovascular development impeded the prevention of CHDs. We investigated an association between maternal lifestyle factors and the risk of CHDs, because epidemiological studies have reported conflicting results regarding maternal lifestyle factors and the risk of CHDs recently. A review published on 2007 provided a summary of maternal exposures associated with an increased risk of CHDs. As part of noninherited risk factors, we conducted a brief overview of studies on the evidence linking common maternal lifestyle factors, specifically smoking, alcohol, illicit drugs, caffeine, body mass index and psychological factors to the development of CHDs in offspring. Women who smoke and have an excessive body mass index(BMI) during pregnancy are suspected to be associated with CHDs in offspring. Our findings could cause public health policy makers to pay more attention to women at risk and could be used in the development of population-based prevention strategies to reduce the incidence and burden of CHDs. However, more prospective studies are needed to investigate the association between maternal lifestyle factors and CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Feng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Min Da
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Bixian Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Use of corticosteroids in early pregnancy is not associated with risk of oral clefts and other congenital malformations in offspring. Am J Ther 2014; 21:73-80. [PMID: 23011170 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0b013e3182491e02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Corticosteroids are commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases. There is conflicting evidence regarding the association of corticosteroid use in pregnancy and congenital malformations in offspring. We conducted a prevalence study of 83,043 primiparous women who gave birth to a live-born singleton in northern Denmark, in 1999-2009. Through medical registries, we identified prescriptions for corticosteroids, congenital malformations, and covariates. Furthermore, we summarized the literature on this topic. Overall, 1449 women (1.7%) used inhaled or oral corticosteroids from 30 days before conception throughout the first trimester. Oral cleft in the offspring was recorded for 1 of the users (0.08%) and 145 of the nonusers (0.2%), prevalence odds ratio (OR) 0.47 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.07-3.34]. The prevalence OR for congenital malformations overall was 1.02 (95% CI, 0.79-1.32). According to published studies, the use of corticosteroids in early pregnancy was associated with congenital malformations overall with relative estimates ranging from 0.8 (95% CI, 0.4-1.7) to 2.1 (95% CI, 0.5-9.6). For oral clefts, the ORs ranged from 0.6 (95% CI, 0.2-1.7) to 5.2 (95% CI, 1.5-17.1). We found no evidence of an association between use of corticosteroids in early pregnancy and risk of congenital malformations in offspring.
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Cai GJ, Sun XX, Zhang L, Hong Q. Association between maternal body mass index and congenital heart defects in offspring: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:91-117. [PMID: 24631708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between maternal body mass index and all congenital heart defects (CHDs) combined and 11 individual defects. PubMed, ELSEVIER ScienceDirect, and Springer Link (up to February 2013) were searched, and the reference list of retrieved articles was reviewed. Three authors independently extracted the data. The systematic review included 24 studies, 14 of which were included in a metaanalysis. Statistical software was used to perform all statistical analyses. Fixed-effects or random-effects model was used to pool the results of individual study (expressed as odds ratios [ORs] with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]). A dose-response effect was observed between overweight, moderate obesity, and severe obesity and a pregnancy with any CHD (the pooled ORs: OR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.02-1.15]; OR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.11-1.20]; and OR, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.31-1.47], respectively) as well as some individual defects such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome, pulmonary valve stenosis, and outflow tract defects. When we excluded mothers with diabetes mellitus, the pooled ORs for all CHDs combined were 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04-1.20) and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.20-1.59) for moderately obese and severely obese, respectively. The highest increased risk was severely obese mothers for tetralogy of Fallot (OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.49-2.51). Being underweight did not increase the risk of any of the aforementioned CHDs but did increase the risk of aortic valve stenosis (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.01-2.15]). The results of our study showed that increasing maternal body mass index was associated with an increasing risk of CHDs; severe obesity was an even greater risk factor for the development of CHDs.
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Postoev VA, Talykova LV, Vaktskjold A. Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Malformations among Newborns in Monchegorsk (North-West Russia): a Register-Based Study. J Public Health Res 2014; 3:270. [PMID: 25343136 PMCID: PMC4207024 DOI: 10.4081/jphr.2014.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular malformations (CVM) are one of the most prevalent groups of birth defects. Knowledge about the prevalence, distribution and survival in Russia has been limited. The aim of our study was to assess the perinatal prevalence, structure and risk factors for CVM among newborns in Monchegorsk (Murmansk Oblast, Russia) and the mortality among the affected newborns in the period 1973-2008. DESIGN AND METHODS A register-based study on data from the Kola and Murmansk County Birth Registers. The study included 28,511 births. RESULTS The registered perinatal prevalence was 3.0 per 1000 new-borns, with septal defects as the most prevalent. CVM was twenty times more prevalent among stillborn than live born, and one-third of the live born with a CVM died during the first week of life. The perinatal mortality rate with CVM was 442 per 1000 newborns. This indicator decreased over time. The mothers of newborns with a CVM were ten times more likely to have stillbirth in their anamnesis. The adjusted odds ratio between maternal smoking during pregnancy and CVM was 4.09 [95% confidence interval: 1.75-9.53]. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosed perinatal prevalence was relatively low. A previous stillbirth by the mother was highly associated with being born with a CVM. An adjusted elevated risk was also observed among smoking mothers. Perinatal survival increased over time, but varied to a large extent between the different types of CVM. Significance for public healthCardiovascular malformation is one of the most common groups of birth defects. It is considered an important public health issue, as these malformations are the main cause of infant deaths in developed countries. Precise estimates about the prevalence and perinatal survival are needed to organise and plan health care for such newborns. Our study is the first report from the Russian Federation based on data from population-based birth registers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arild Vaktskjold
- Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Life Sciences , Ås, Norway ; Faculty of Public Health, Hedmark University College , Elverum, Norway
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Hei MY, Yi ZW. Environmental factors for the development of fetal urinary malformations. World J Pediatr 2014; 10:17-23. [PMID: 24464659 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-014-0449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of the kidneys and other organs of the urinary tract also follow the natural rule of gene-environment-lifestyle interaction. Both intrinsic and extrinsic factors may be associated with the etiology of various kinds of urinary malformations. The environmental factors belong to extrinsic factors, which have attracted increasing attention from researchers. METHODS Publications about urinary malformations were searched from databases such as PubMed, Elsevier, Chemical Abstract, Excerpta Medica, Chinese Hospital Knowledge Database and Wanfang Database. RESULTS Urinary malformation is associated with low birth weight, maternal diseases, placental insufficiency, maternal drug exposure, and maternal exposure to environmental pesticides. Living environment and socioeconomic factors may also influence the incidence of urinary malformation. CONCLUSION It is important to understand the association of environmental factors with the development of the renal system and urinary malformation in order to decrease the incidence of urinary malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yan Hei
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
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Browne ML, Van Zutphen AR, Botto LD, Louik C, Richardson S, Druschel CM. Maternal butalbital use and selected defects in the national birth defects prevention study. Headache 2013; 54:54-66. [PMID: 24001268 DOI: 10.1111/head.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butalbital is a barbiturate contained in combination products with caffeine and an analgesic prescribed for the treatment of migraine and tension-type headaches. Controversy exists as to whether butalbital should continue to be prescribed in the United States because of the potential for abuse, overuse headache, and withdrawal syndromes. Butalbital crosses the placenta but there is limited information about potential teratogenicity. OBJECTIVE To evaluate associations between butalbital and a wide range of specific birth defects. METHODS The National Birth Defects Prevention Study is an ongoing, case-control study of nonsyndromic, major birth defects conducted in 10 states. The detailed case classification and large number of cases in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study allowed us to examine the association between maternal self-reported butalbital use and specific birth defects. We conducted an analysis of 8373 unaffected controls and 21,090 case infants with estimated dates of delivery between 1997 and 2007; included were birth defects with 250 or more cases. An exploratory analysis examined groups with 100 to 249 cases. RESULTS Seventy-three case mothers and 15 control mothers reported periconceptional butalbital use. Of 30 specific defect groups evaluated, adjusted odds ratios for maternal periconceptional butalbital use were statistically significant for 3 congenital heart defects: tetralogy of Fallot (adjusted odds ratio = 3.04; 95% confidence interval = 1.07-8.62), pulmonary valve stenosis (adjusted odds ratio = 5.73; 95% confidence interval = 2.25-14.62), and secundum-type atrial septal defect (adjusted odds ratio = 3.06; 95% confidence interval = 1.07-8.79). In the exploratory analysis, an elevated odds ratio was detected for 1 congenital heart defect, single ventricle. CONCLUSIONS We observed relationships between maternal periconceptional butalbital use and certain congenital heart defects. These associations have not been reported before, and some may be spurious. Butalbital use was rare and despite the large size of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, the number of exposed case and control infants was small. However, if confirmed in additional studies, our findings will be useful in weighing the risks and benefits of butalbital for the treatment of migraine and tension-type headaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn L Browne
- Congenital Malformations Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, USA; School of Public Health, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA
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Liu S, Joseph KS, Lisonkova S, Rouleau J, Van den Hof M, Sauve R, Kramer MS. Association between maternal chronic conditions and congenital heart defects: a population-based cohort study. Circulation 2013; 128:583-9. [PMID: 23812182 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.112.001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study quantifies the association between maternal medical conditions/illnesses and congenital heart defects (CHDs) among infants. METHODS AND RESULTS We carried out a population-based study of all mother-infant pairs (n=2,278,838) in Canada (excluding Quebec) from 2002 to 2010 using data from the Canadian Institute for Health Information. CHDs among infants were classified phenotypically through a hierarchical grouping of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Canada codes. Maternal conditions such as multifetal pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and congenital heart disease were defined by use of diagnosis codes. The association between maternal conditions and CHDs and its subtypes was modeled using logistic regression with adjustment for maternal age, parity, residence, and other factors. There were 26 488 infants diagnosed with CHDs at birth or at rehospitalization in infancy; the overall CHD prevalence was 116.2 per 10,000 live births, of which the severe CHD rate was 22.3 per 10,000. Risk factors for CHD included maternal age ≥40 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-1.58), multifetal pregnancy (aOR, 4.53; 95% CI, 4.28-4.80), diabetes mellitus (type 1: aOR, 4.65; 95% CI, 4.13-5.24; type 2: aOR, 4.12; 95% CI, 3.69-4.60), hypertension (aOR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.61-2.03), thyroid disorders (aOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.26-1.67), congenital heart disease (aOR, 9.92; 95% CI, 8.36-11.8), systemic connective tissue disorders (aOR, 3.01; 95% CI, 2.23-4.06), and epilepsy and mood disorders (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.16-1.72). Specific CHD subtypes were associated with different maternal risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Several chronic maternal medical conditions, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, connective tissue disorders, and congenital heart disease, confer an increased risk of CHD in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiliang Liu
- Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention, Public Health Agency of Canada, Room 405A2, AL 8604A, 785 Carling Ave, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0K9.
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Singh CK, Kumar A, Lavoie HA, Dipette DJ, Singh US. Diabetic complications in pregnancy: is resveratrol a solution? Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:482-90. [PMID: 23436883 DOI: 10.1177/1535370212473704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that, during pregnancy, may affect fetal development. Fetal outcome depends on the type of diabetes present, the concentration of blood glucose and the extent of fetal exposure to elevated or frequently fluctuating glucose concentrations. The result of some diabetic pregnancies will be embryonic developmental abnormalities, a condition referred to as diabetic embryopathy. Tight glycemic control in type 1 diabetes during pregnancy using insulin therapy together with folic acid supplementation are partially able to prevent diabetic embryopathy; however, the protection is not complete and additional interventions are needed. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found largely in the skins of red grapes, is known to have antidiabetic action and is in clinical trials for the treatment of diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Studies of resveratrol in a rodent model of diabetic embryopathy reveal that it significantly improves the embryonic outcome in terms of diminishing developmental abnormalities. Improvements in maternal and embryonic outcomes observed in rodent models may arise from resveratrol's antioxidative potential, antidiabetic action and antidyslipidemic nature. Whether resveratrol will have similar actions in human diabetic pregnancy is unknown. Here, we review the potential therapeutic use of resveratrol in diabetes and diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, 6311 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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40
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Singh CK, Kumar A, Lavoie HA, Dipette DJ, Singh US. Diabetic complications in pregnancy: is resveratrol a solution? EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE (MAYWOOD, N.J.) 2013. [PMID: 23436883 DOI: 10.1177/1535370212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that, during pregnancy, may affect fetal development. Fetal outcome depends on the type of diabetes present, the concentration of blood glucose and the extent of fetal exposure to elevated or frequently fluctuating glucose concentrations. The result of some diabetic pregnancies will be embryonic developmental abnormalities, a condition referred to as diabetic embryopathy. Tight glycemic control in type 1 diabetes during pregnancy using insulin therapy together with folic acid supplementation are partially able to prevent diabetic embryopathy; however, the protection is not complete and additional interventions are needed. Resveratrol, a polyphenol found largely in the skins of red grapes, is known to have antidiabetic action and is in clinical trials for the treatment of diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Studies of resveratrol in a rodent model of diabetic embryopathy reveal that it significantly improves the embryonic outcome in terms of diminishing developmental abnormalities. Improvements in maternal and embryonic outcomes observed in rodent models may arise from resveratrol's antioxidative potential, antidiabetic action and antidyslipidemic nature. Whether resveratrol will have similar actions in human diabetic pregnancy is unknown. Here, we review the potential therapeutic use of resveratrol in diabetes and diabetic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra K Singh
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, 6311 Garners Ferry Road, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Hokke SN, Armitage JA, Puelles VG, Short KM, Jones L, Smyth IM, Bertram JF, Cullen-McEwen LA. Altered ureteric branching morphogenesis and nephron endowment in offspring of diabetic and insulin-treated pregnancy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58243. [PMID: 23516451 PMCID: PMC3596403 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is strong evidence from human and animal models that exposure to maternal hyperglycemia during in utero development can detrimentally affect fetal kidney development. Notwithstanding this knowledge, the precise effects of diabetic pregnancy on the key processes of kidney development are unclear due to a paucity of studies and limitations in previously used methodologies. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of hyperglycemia on ureteric branching morphogenesis and nephrogenesis using unbiased techniques. Diabetes was induced in pregnant C57Bl/6J mice using multiple doses of streptozotocin (STZ) on embryonic days (E) 6.5-8.5. Branching morphogenesis was quantified ex vivo using Optical Projection Tomography, and nephrons were counted using unbiased stereology. Maternal hyperglycemia was recognised from E12.5. At E14.5, offspring of diabetic mice demonstrated fetal growth restriction and a marked deficit in ureteric tip number (control 283.7±23.3 vs. STZ 153.2±24.6, mean±SEM, p<0.01) and ureteric tree length (control 33.1±2.6 mm vs. STZ 17.6±2.7 mm, p = 0.001) vs. controls. At E18.5, fetal growth restriction was still present in offspring of STZ dams and a deficit in nephron endowment was observed (control 1246.2±64.9 vs. STZ 822.4±74.0, p<0.001). Kidney malformations in the form of duplex ureter and hydroureter were a common observation (26%) in embryos of diabetic pregnancy compared with controls (0%). Maternal insulin treatment from E13.5 normalised maternal glycaemia but did not normalise fetal weight nor prevent the nephron deficit. The detrimental effect of hyperglycemia on ureteric branching morphogenesis and, in turn, nephron endowment in the growth-restricted fetus highlights the importance of glycemic control in early gestation and during the initial stages of renal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N. Hokke
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - James A. Armitage
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine (Optometry), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Victor G. Puelles
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kieran M. Short
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lynelle Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian M. Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - John F. Bertram
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luise A. Cullen-McEwen
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Natarajan G, Jeyachandran D, Subramaniyan B, Thanigachalam D, Rajagopalan A. Congenital anomalies of kidney and hand: a review. Clin Kidney J 2013; 6:144-9. [PMID: 26019842 PMCID: PMC4432441 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfs186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
‘Acro-renal syndrome’ refers to co-occurrence of congenital renal and limb anomalies. The term acro-renal syndrome was coined by Curran et al. in 1972 though Dieker and Opitz were the first to report this phenomenon in three male patients in 1969. The common limb defects include oligodactyly, ectrodactyly, syndactyly or brachydactyly anomalies of the carpal and tarsal bones and the common renal anomalies observed are unilateral renal agenesis (URA), bilateral renal hypoplasia, ureteric hypoplasia, hydroureteronephrosis and duplication abnormalities. The acro-renal syndrome as originally described is rare, reported only in ∼20 patients in the international literature. We report a 23-year-old male patient with renal anomalies in the form of absent right kidney, left-sided vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) and skeletal anomalies viz short radius, absent first metacarpal ray in left hand and left undescended testis, consistent with Dieker's type acro-renal syndrome. Apart from the classical acro-renal syndrome, several anomalies of acro-renal patterns and the abnormal gene loci involved are described in the literature. This article is a comprehensive review of the development of kidneys, types of acro-renal syndromes, congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), syndromes associated with combined limb and renal anomalies, and anomalies associated with URA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Nephrology , Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital , Chennai 600003 , India
| | - Dhanapriya Jeyachandran
- Department of Nephrology , Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital , Chennai 600003 , India
| | - Bala Subramaniyan
- Department of Nephrology , Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital , Chennai 600003 , India
| | - Dineshkumar Thanigachalam
- Department of Nephrology , Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital , Chennai 600003 , India
| | - Arul Rajagopalan
- Department of Nephrology , Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital , Chennai 600003 , India
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Sumathipala D, Gamage T, Wijesiriwardena B, Jayasekara RW, Dissanayake VH. An infant born to a mother with gestational diabetes presenting with 49,XXXXY syndrome and renal agenesis-a case report. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2012; 4:223-5. [PMID: 23032147 PMCID: PMC3537292 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
49,XXXXY is a rare sex chromosome polysomy with an incidence of 1 in 85 000 male births. It has a characteristic triad of mental retardation, skeletal malformation and hypogonadism. This is the first case report of a child with 49,XXXXY syndrome and renal agenesis. This child was referred for genetic testing at 14 years of age due to facial dysmorphism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. He had coarse facial features, cryptorchidism of the right testis, genu valgus deformities, and patent ductus arteriosus which are known associations of 49,XXXXY syndrome. He also had agenesis of the right kidney, hydronephrosis of the left kidney with hydroureter which is not a known association of 49,XXXXY syndrome. The patient was the offspring of a mother with gestational diabetes. There is a strong correlation between maternal diabetes and congenital anomalies, especially renal and cardiovascular anomalies. Additionally, it has been noted that gestational diabetes increases the incidence of chromosomal aneuploidies. The teratogenic effects of maternal diabetes during embryogenesis may be the causative factor for the final phenotype of 49,XXXXY syndrome and renal agenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulika Sumathipala
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini Gamage
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Rohan W. Jayasekara
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Vajira H.W. Dissanayake
- Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
,* Address for Correspondence: Human Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka Phone: +9 411 2689545 E-mail:
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Bell R, Glinianaia SV, Tennant PWG, Bilous RW, Rankin J. Peri-conception hyperglycaemia and nephropathy are associated with risk of congenital anomaly in women with pre-existing diabetes: a population-based cohort study. Diabetologia 2012; 55:936-947. [PMID: 22314812 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2455-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS: The aim of this study was to quantify the risk of major congenital anomaly, and to assess the influence of peri-conception HbA(1c) and other clinical and socio-demographic factors on the risk of congenital anomaly occurrence in offspring of women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes diagnosed before pregnancy. METHODS: This was a population-based cohort study using linked data from registers of congenital anomaly and diabetes in pregnancy. A total of 401,149 singleton pregnancies (1,677 in women with diabetes) between 1996 and 2008 resulting in live birth, fetal death at ≥20 weeks' gestation or termination of pregnancy for fetal anomaly were included. RESULTS: The rate of non-chromosomal major congenital anomaly in women with diabetes was 71.6 per 1,000 pregnancies (95% CI 59.6, 84.9), a relative risk of 3.8 (95% CI 3.2, 4.5) compared with women without diabetes. There was a three- to sixfold increased risk across all common anomaly groups. In a multivariate analysis, peri-conception glycaemic control (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.3 [95% CI 1.2, 1.4] per 1% [11 mmol/mol] linear increase in HbA(1c) above 6.3% [45 mmol/mol]) and pre-existing nephropathy (aOR 2.5 [95% CI 1.1, 5.3]) were significant independent predictors of congenital anomaly. Associations with gestation at booking (aOR 1.1 [95% CI 1.0, 1.1]) and parity (aOR 1.6 [95% CI 1.0, 2. 5]) were not significant. Unadjusted risk was higher for women from deprived areas or who did not take folate. Type and duration of diabetes, ethnicity, age, BMI, preconception care, smoking and fetal sex were not associated with congenital anomaly risk. CONCLUSIONS: Peri-conception glycaemia is the most important modifiable risk factor for congenital anomaly in women with diabetes. The association with nephropathy merits further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bell
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK,
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Shnorhavorian M, Bittner R, Wright JL, Schwartz SM. Maternal risk factors for congenital urinary anomalies: results of a population-based case-control study. Urology 2011; 78:1156-61. [PMID: 22054394 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiologic data addressing maternal risk factors for congenital urinary tract anomalies (CUTA) are limited, with conflicting results for preexisting diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and tobacco and alcohol use. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between maternal risk factors and CUTA in a population-based case-control study. METHODS A case-control analysis was performed using linked birth-hospital discharge records from Washington state for 1987-2007 to evaluate the association between maternal risk factors and CUTA. Cases were children with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for urinary anomalies. Controls without urinary tract anomalies were selected from Washington State birth records and matched by birth year in a ratio of 4:1. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between maternal factors and CUTA. RESULTS A total of 4673 cases and 18,692 controls were studied. In the multivariate analysis, gestational diabetes (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.09-1.85), preexisting diabetes (OR 3.46, 95% CI 2.17-5.54), and maternal renal disease (OR 5.31, 95% CI 2.40-11.72) were all associated with an increased risk of kidney anomalies. Advanced maternal age (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06-1.35), gestational diabetes (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.01-1.56), maternal renal disease (OR 4.06, 95% CI 1.95-8.46), and non-Caucasian race (OR 0.82, 95% CI .74-.91) were all associated with the risk of ureter, bladder, and urethra anomalies in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION Several maternal factors are associated with the risk of CUTA, including diabetes mellitus and maternal renal disease. This information can be used for prenatal counseling and management of women with these risk factors.
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Czeizel AE. Primary prevention of neural-tube defects and some other congenital abnormalities by folic acid and multivitamins: history, missed opportunity and tasks. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2011; 2:173-88. [PMID: 25083211 PMCID: PMC4110861 DOI: 10.1177/2042098611411358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The history of intervention trials of periconception folic acid with multivitamin and folic acid supplementation in women has shown a recent breakthrough in the primary prevention of structural birth defects, namely neural-tube defects and some other congenital abnormalities. Recently, some studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this new method in reducing congenital abnormalities with specific origin; for example, in the offspring of diabetic and epileptic mothers, and in pregnancy with high fever. The benefits and drawbacks of four possible uses of periconception folate/folic acid and multivitamin supplementation are discussed: we believe there has been a missed opportunity to implement this preventive approach in medical practice. The four methods are as follows: (i) dietary intake of folate and other vitamins, (ii) periconception folic acid/multivitamin supplementation, (iii) food fortification with folic acid, and (iv) the combination of oral contraceptives with 6S-5-methytetrahydrofolate ('folate').
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Bánhidy F, Dakhlaoui A, Puhó EH, Czeizel AAE. Is there a reduction of congenital abnormalities in the offspring of diabetic pregnant women after folic acid supplementation? A population-based case-control study. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2011; 51:80-6. [PMID: 21039913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2010.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to estimate the preventive effect of folic acid for structural birth defects (i.e. congenital abnormalities [CAs]) in the offspring of pregnant women with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM-1). The occurrence of medically recorded DM-1 in pregnant women who had malformed fetuses/newborns (cases) and delivered healthy babies (controls) with or without folic acid supplementation was compared in the population-based Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities. The case group included 22,843 offspring, and there were 79 (0.35%) pregnant women with DM-1, while the control group comprised of 38,151 newborns, and 88 (0.23%) had mothers with DM-1. Case mothers with DM-1 associated with a higher risk of total rate of CAs in their offspring (OR with 95% CI: 1.5, 1.1-2.0) compared to the total rate of CAs in the offspring of non-diabetic case mothers. This higher risk can be explained by four specific types/groups of CAs: isolated renal a/dysgenesis; obstructive CA of the urinary tract; cardiovascular CAs; and multiple CAs, namely caudal dysplasia sequence. However, there was no higher rate of total CAs in the children of pregnant women with DM-1 after folic acid supplementation; in addition, neural-tube defect and renal a/dysgenesis did not occur. However, this benefit cannot be explained by the CA reduction effect of folic acid during the critical period of major CAs. In conclusion, there was a certain reduction in maternal teratogenic effect of DM-1 after folic acid supplementation during pregnancy, but the explanation of this effect requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Bánhidy
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Yang P, Reece EA. Role of HIF-1α in maternal hyperglycemia-induced embryonic vasculopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2011; 204:332.e1-7. [PMID: 21345401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2011.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Maternal diabetes adversely impacts embryonic vasculogenesis, which results in embryonic vasculopathy. The purpose of our study is to determine whether hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α plays a role in diabetic embryonic vasculopathy. STUDY DESIGN Levels of HIF-1α were determined in mouse conceptuses. Conceptuses on day 7 of pregnancy were cultured under euglycemic (150 mg/dL glucose) and hyperglycemic (300 mg/dL) conditions with or without AdCA5, or in the presence or absence of 2.0 μg/mL human recombinant thioredoxin, an endogenous antioxidant protein. AdCA5 is an adenovirus encoding a constitutively active form of HIF-1α. RESULTS Maternal diabetes significantly reduced HIF-1α protein expression. The administration of 1 μL (1 × 10(7) infectious units/mL) per 1 mL culture medium AdCA5 completely reversed hyperglycemia-reduced vasculature morphological scores and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Thioredoxin treatment reversed hyperglycemia-reduced HIF-1α levels. CONCLUSION We conclude that reduced HIF-1α plays a critical role in the induction of diabetic embryonic vasculopathy, and that oxidative stress is implicated in hyperglycemia-induced HIF-1α reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Browne ML, Hoyt AT, Feldkamp ML, Rasmussen SA, Marshall EG, Druschel CM, Romitti PA. Maternal caffeine intake and risk of selected birth defects in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 91:93-101. [PMID: 21254365 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.20752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 09/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine intake is common during pregnancy, yet few epidemiologic studies have examined the association between maternal caffeine consumption and birth defects. Using data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), we examined the association between maternal caffeine consumption and anotia/microtia, esophageal atresia, small intestinal atresia, craniosynostosis, diaphragmatic hernia, omphalocele, and gastroschisis. METHODS The NBDPS is a multi-site population-based case-control study. The present analysis included 3,346 case infants and 6,642 control infants born from October 1997 through December 2005. Maternal telephone interview reports of demographic characteristics and conditions and exposures before and during pregnancy were collected. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for relevant covariates, were calculated to estimate the associations between maternal dietary caffeine intake (coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate) and maternal use of caffeine-containing medications and each defect. RESULTS We observed small, statistically significant elevations in adjusted odds ratios ranging from 1.3 to 1.8 for total maternal dietary caffeine intake or specific types of caffeinated beverages and anotia/microtia, esophageal atresia, small intestinal atresia, and craniosynostosis; however, dose-response patterns were absent. Periconceptional use of caffeine-containing medications was infrequent and estimates were imprecise. CONCLUSIONS We did not find convincing evidence of an association between maternal caffeine intake and the birth defects included in this study. The increasing popularity of caffeine-containing energy drinks and other caffeinated products may result in higher caffeine intake among women of childbearing age. Future studies should consider more detailed evaluation of such products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn L Browne
- Congenital Malformations Registry, New York State Department of Health, 547 River Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
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Abstract
Development of the kidney can be altered in utero in response to a suboptimal environment. The intrarenal factors that have been most well characterized as being sensitive to programming events are kidney mass/nephron endowment, the renin-angiotensin system, tubular sodium handling, and the renal sympathetic nerves. Newborns that have been subjected to an adverse intrauterine environment may thus begin life at a distinct disadvantage, in terms of renal function, at a time when the kidney must take over the primary role for extracellular fluid homeostasis from the placenta. A poor beginning, causing renal programming, has been linked to increased risk of hypertension and renal disease in adulthood. However, although a cause for concern, increasingly, evidence demonstrates that renal programming is not a fait accompli in terms of future cardiovascular and renal disease. A greater understanding of postnatal renal maturation and the impact of secondary factors (genes, sex, diet, stress, and disease) on this process is required to predict which babies are at risk of increased cardiovascular and renal disease as adults and to be able to devise preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Kett
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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