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Abedi G, Haghgoshayie E, Hasanpoor E, Etemadi J, Nazari M, Vejdani R. Improvement of violence management among nurses in Iran: The best practice implementation project in a health promoting hospital. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284758. [PMID: 38011071 PMCID: PMC10681186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This project aimed to assess compliance with evidence-based criteria' for the prevention and management of workplace violence against nursing staff in Shahid-Beheshti hospital, Maragheh, Iran. Workplace violence is a managerial and workplace occupational health and safety issue that can affect the performance of an institution. Further, it might turn the work environment into an insecure and hostile one which can influence the performance of employees and their professional relationships negatively. Nevertheless, staff have their own legal rights, and their organizations are legally and ethically in charge of providing them with safe work environments. METHODS Following the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit and feedback tool with three phases of activities, this project utilized an implementation framework incorporating quality improvement. Furthermore, the audit tool was used to establish the project and set up the measurement and evaluation of three evidence-based criteria. RESULTS The post-implementation audit results indicated a significant improvement in violence management and prevention. The compliance rate on the first criterion, i.e. aggression management training, increased from 49% at baseline to 81% at the end. The second criterion, i.e. timely support and assistance following an incident, exhibited greater increase from eight to 73%. Finally, an increased compliance was noted on the third criterion, i.e. policy for risk management and safe environment, from 22 to 77%. CONCLUSIONS The current project successfully implements evidence-based violence management in Shahid-Beheshti hospital. It reveals significant results on compliance and the increasing knowledge of nurses on evidence-based stress management, communication skills and self-companion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Abedi
- Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elaheh Haghgoshayie
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Edris Hasanpoor
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Jalil Etemadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Morteza Nazari
- Department of Healthcare Services Management, School of Health, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Razieh Vejdani
- Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Chen H, Jiesisibieke ZL, Chien CW, Chen PE, Tung TH. The association between abusive behaviour and physician-patient relations: a systematic review. Public Health 2023; 224:26-31. [PMID: 37703693 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aims to explore the association between abusive behaviour and physician-patient relations in healthcare settings. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review. METHODS We searched for related studies on databases such as PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library, without restrictions on language, from inception until July 15, 2022. The risk of bias and the methodological quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool. RESULTS Ten studies were included in this systematic review, the participants of which were physicians and patients. The research from all the studies highlighted the detrimental effects of abusive behaviour on the relationship between physicians and patients, regardless of who the abusers were. CONCLUSIONS Abusive behaviour in a clinical setting has a negative influence on the physician-patient relationship, whoever the perpetrator might be. The research sheds light on the importance of teaching communication skills to physicians and training them to manage conflicts and aggressive behaviours in healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Zhejiang University, Linhai 317000, PR China.
| | - Zhu Liduzi Jiesisibieke
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong, PR China.
| | - Ching-Wen Chien
- Institute for Hospital Management, Tsing Hua University, Shenzhen Campus, PR China.
| | - Pei-En Chen
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taiwan Association of Health Industry Management and Development Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tao-Hsin Tung
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, PR China.
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Huang L, Chang H, Liu Y, Mo B, Peng X, Zhang F. Formally reporting incidents of workplace violence among nurses: A scoping review. J Nurs Manag 2022; 30:1677-1687. [PMID: 35213934 DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe and synthesise the scientific literature on nurses' formal reporting of workplace violence. BACKGROUND Research on reporting workplace violence among nurses is increasing annually, but the evidence from such reports has not been summarised or analysed. EVALUATION A scoping review was conducted using electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and Ovid-Embase. KEY ISSUES Forty-nine studies were included in this review, and four significant issues pertinent to reporting of workplace violence was identified: (1) the reporting rate is generally low, and oral report is the most popular medium (2) nurses are often not satisfied with how the organisation handles their report, (3) the reasons affecting reporting are complex and diverse, (4) few studies have proposed countermeasures to promote reporting formally. CONCLUSION Scholars are paying increasing attention to workplace violence, however, the reporting of workplace violence in real world situations is not being facilitated to inform improvements in managing violence in the workplace. Therefore, more countermeasures conducive to reporting urgently need to be put forward. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT Nurse managers are in a pivotal position to encourage reporting by their staff, respond pro-actively and advocate for more streamlined and accessible processes. The findings of this review can provide a basis for nursing managers to better manage workplace violence and improve the reporting rate among nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Huang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongwei Chang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yilan Liu
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beirong Mo
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao Peng
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengjian Zhang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,School of nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ma Y, Wang L, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhang Y, Fan L, Ni X. Causes of Hospital Violence, Characteristics of Perpetrators, and Prevention and Control Measures: A Case Analysis of 341 Serious Hospital Violence Incidents in China. Front Public Health 2022; 9:783137. [PMID: 35071165 PMCID: PMC8777225 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.783137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Hospital violence remains a global public health problem. This study aims to analyze serious hospital violence causes in China and the characteristics of perpetrators. It likewise seeks to understand frontline personnel's needs and put forward targeted suggestions. Methods: Serious hospital violence cases from 2011 to 2020 in the China Judgment Online System (CJOS) were selected for descriptive statistical analysis. A total of 72 doctors, nurses, hospital managers, and security personnel from 20 secondary and tertiary hospitals in China were selected for semi-structured interviews. Results: Of the incidents, 62.17% were caused by patients' deaths and dissatisfaction with their treatment results. Moreover, it was found that out-of-hospital disputes (11.14%) were also one of the main reasons for serious hospital violence. The perpetrators were mainly males (80.3%), and had attained junior high school education or lower (86.5%). Furthermore, most of them were family members of the patients (76.1%). Healthcare workers urgently hope that relevant parties will take new measures in terms of legislation, security, and dispute handling capacity. Conclusion: In the past 10 years, serious hospital violence's frequency in China has remained high. Furthermore, their harmful consequences are more serious. The causes of hospital violence are diverse, and the characteristics of perpetrators are obvious. Frontline healthcare workers urgently need relevant parties to take effective measures in terms of legislation, security, and dispute handling capacity, to prevent the occurrence of violence and protect medical personnel's safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanshuo Ma
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Licheng Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yongchen Wang
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yafeng Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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Aljohani B, Burkholder J, Tran QK, Chen C, Beisenova K, Pourmand A. Workplace violence in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health 2021; 196:186-197. [PMID: 34246105 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emergency departments (EDs) currently face a widely acknowledged issue of workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers (HCWs). WPV in the ED occurs in different forms and from different types of instigators; its prevalence also varies in different regions of the world. This study investigates the incidence of WPV among ED staff and identifies the types of instigators involved. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Using PubMed and SCOPUS databases, a search for WPV against ED physicians and nurses was conducted, yielding 301 articles. Studies were excluded if measuring violence between HCWs or against prehospital personnel. Studies assessing WPV not in the ED, such as domestic violence that occurred before arrival to the ED, and studies investigating violence involving alcohol/drug use or individuals with a psychiatric diagnosis were also excluded. This study used a random-effects meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of WPV in the ED, including types of violence, instigators, and professions of the victims. RESULTS In total, 26 articles were selected for this study. There were 9072 cases of WPV in the ED; 6575 (72%) cases involved verbal violence and 1639 (18%) related to physical abuse. Among the ED workers involved, 2112 (36.5%) were physicians, 3225 (55.7%) were nurses and 455 (7.8%) other ED staff. There were 2578 instigators, of whom 1340 (52%) were family members, 700 (27%) were patients and 538 (21%) were other relatives/friends. The overall prevalence of verbal violence was 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.72-0.82, I2 = 87%), suggesting 77% of ED staff reported exposure to WPV. The prevalence of violence from patients as instigators was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.18-31, I2 = 93%). CONCLUSIONS WPV in the ED is a serious issue as most nurses and physicians are significantly exposed to verbal and/or physical abuse. Further studies should focus on factors influencing the different types of WPV, which ED professions are most at risk and interventions to prevent WPV in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Aljohani
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, King Abdullah Medical City, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - J Burkholder
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Q K Tran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Program in Trauma, The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K Beisenova
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - A Pourmand
- Department of Emergency Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA.
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Naveen Kumar P, Betadur D, Chandermani. Study on mitigation of workplace violence in hospitals. Med J Armed Forces India 2020; 76:298-302. [PMID: 32773932 PMCID: PMC7399545 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A workplace is any location, permanent or temporary, where an employee performs work-related duty. Workplace violence includes threats, beating, stabbing, shooting, psychological trauma, suicides, near suicides, and harassment of any kind. We can see slow changes in attitude of care providers when they encounter violent behavior and incidents. It is a world-wide issue. Of late, in developing countries where out of pocket payment mode is the main healthcare financing option for a family, the medical professionals are being demonized as professional pick-pocketers by few sections of the society. Hence, we explored to garner opinion of the employees regarding what constitutes violence in hospital setting and identified the factors among doctors, nurses, environmental duty workers, which are contributing toward work-place violence by patients and visitors. The aim was to improve the work environment for healthcare givers. METHODS Descriptive, cross-sectional study with a close-ended questionnaire under sections of physical environment factors, patient processes, equipment factors, and types of events taking place was administered. A sample size was 540, including 120 doctors, 240 nurses, and 180 environment health workers. About 127 patients were also interviewed to understand their opinion about event leading to attacks on doctors and nurses. RESULTS Patient attendants yelling at healthcare personnel, verbal threats of violence, and using offensive language against staff are the perceptions of hospital staff as incidents of workplace violence. Non-communicative staff, sudden death of patients, and non-satisfactory treatment lead to aggressive behavior as opined by patient families. CONCLUSION In the process of providing safe work environment, each potential contributing factor needs to be addressed independently by administrators. The hospital has training programs to nurses on customer relationship management, interpersonal relations trainings.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Naveen Kumar
- Professor & Head (Hospital Administration), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Deepak Betadur
- Resident (Hospital Administration), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Chandermani
- Resident (Hospital Administration), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Honarvar B, Ghazanfari N, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rostami S, Lankarani KB. Violence against Nurses: A Neglected and Health-threatening Epidemic in the University Affiliated Public Hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2019; 10:111-123. [PMID: 31325294 PMCID: PMC6708406 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2019.1556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Nurses are more likely to be exposed to violence at their workplace in comparison with other employees.
Objective:
To determine various aspects of violence against nurses in Shiraz public hospitals.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2017 to 2018, using a multistage random sampling method. Violence including verbal threats, verbal abuse, physical and sexual abuse as well as ethnical types, violence from patients, patients' companions and coworkers, and causes of violence were investigated using a checklist.
Results:
405 nurses with a mean age of 30.2 (SD 7.1) years and female to male ratio of 4.2 were interviewed. 363 (89.6%) nurses had experienced at least one kind of violence; 68.4% suffered from more than one type of violence. Verbal abuse (83.9%), verbal threats (27.6%), physical violence (21.4%), sexual abuse (10.8%), and ethnical harassment (6.1%) were the most common types of violence experienced by the nurses. Patients' companions, patients, and physicians were reported as the sources of violence in 70.6%, 43.1%, and 4.1% of cases, respectively. Nurses with non-official employment status and non-Farsi ethnicity, having a disease, with non-evening shift work, and those with short or long employment period were more affected. Unrealistic expectations by patients' companions and long working hours were the most common attributing factors.
Conclusion:
Violence against nurses, as a strenuous and health-threatening crisis, has become epidemic in public hospitals in our region. Effective interventions are warranted to sort out these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Honarvar
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nima Ghazanfari
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hadi Raeisi Shahraki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sara Rostami
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kamran Bagheri Lankarani
- Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Hamzaoglu N, Türk B. Prevalence of Physical and Verbal Violence Against Health Care Workers in Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTH SERVICES 2019; 49:844-861. [PMID: 31237796 DOI: 10.1177/0020731419859828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Workplace violence has affected many individuals in recent years, irrespective of age, gender, race, educational level, and sector. We analyzed the responses to the Workplace Violence in the Health Sector Country Case Study Questionnaire, applied online to 447 health care workers who worked in public or private health care institutions in different cities of Turkey. Frequencies, percentages, and a chi-square independence test were used for data analysis through SPSS 18. Of the participants, 37.4% were doctors, 61.3% were midwives-nurses or emergency medical technicians (EMT), and 1.3% worked in units with no direct contact with patients and relatives (such as management and the hospital pharmacy). A total of 36.7% of participants reported exposure to physical violence, and 88.8% reported exposure to verbal abuse at least once during their working lives. Many participants who were victims of physical violence or verbal abuse did not report incidents because they thought it would provide no benefits. Regulations on effective communication training, changes in workplace conditions, and effective implementation of violence prevention procedures may help to reduce the rates of verbal abuse and physical violence in the health care sector. In addition, when managers show support for their employees in the prevention of workplace violence, it may help employees to feel more secure in their workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurcan Hamzaoglu
- 1 Institution of Medical Science, İstanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Türk
- 2 Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Haliç University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Azami M, Moslemirad M, YektaKooshali MH, Rahmati S, Soleymani A, Bigdeli Shamloo MB, Esmaeilpour-Bandboni M, Khataee M, Khorshidi A, Otaghi M. Workplace Violence Against Iranian Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2018; 33:1148-1175. [PMID: 30573555 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.33.6.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nurses are exposed to workplace violence more than other healthcare professionals. This study aims to examine the prevalence of different types of workplace violence against Iranian nurses. A systematic review and meta-analysis were designed according to the PRISMA statement. To avoid bias, all stages of the research were done independently by two researchers. Eligible studies were retrieved from comprehensive search of several electronic databases included Magiran, Barakat Knowledge Network System, IranDoc, Regional Information Center for Science and Technology (RICST), Scientific Information Database (SID), Iranian National Library, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, ISI Web of Knowledge, CINAHL, and Google Scholar until April 2017. A random effects model was applied to combine studies. Data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2. In 26 studies, 10,858 nurses entered the meta-analysis process. The mean age and work experience of the nurses were 33.5 ± 7.5 and 10.85 ± 10.1 years, respectively. The prevalence of workplace verbal, physical, sexist, and racist violence and threat against Iranian nurses was 80.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] [74.2, 86.0]), 24.8% (95% CI [17.4, 34.0]), 6.7% (95% CI [4.9, 9.2]), 14.6% (95% CI [10.1, 20.7]), and 44% (95% CI [30.1, 58.8]), respectively. The prevalence of verbal and physical violence against the emergency department nurses was 89.7% (95% CI [69.4, 97.1]) and 21.0% (95% CI [12.6, 32.9]), respectively. The highest prevalence of verbal, physical, sexist, and racist violence was from patient's relative (42.3%, 95% CI [30.7, 54.7]), patients (12.6%, 95% CI [5.9, 25.0]), healthcare workers (5.1%, 95% CI [2.4, 10.4]), and patients (2.3%, 95% CI [0.9, 5.4]), respectively. Given the high prevalence of violence against the nurses in Iran, it is highly necessary to take certain intervention measures and design new policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Azami
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Moslem Moslemirad
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein YektaKooshali
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shoboo Rahmati
- School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | | | | | - Mohammad Esmaeilpour-Bandboni
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Marzieh Khataee
- Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Khorshidi
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Otaghi
- Assistant Professor, Faculty of Nursing & Midwife, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Özdemir Takak S, Baydar Artantaş A. Evaluation of Patients’ and Their Relatives' Opinions and Attitudes About Violence Against Health Care Workers. ANKARA MEDICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.17098/amj.409020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Bayram B, Çetin M, Çolak Oray N, Can İÖ. Workplace violence against physicians in Turkey's emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013568. [PMID: 28663323 PMCID: PMC5577875 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the prevalence of violence directed at emergency department (ED) physicians in Turkey and confirm the factors influencing such violence. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey study. SETTING Country of Turkey. PARTICIPANTS Physicians currently practising in EDs in Turkey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The prevalence of violence directed at physicians and factors that may influence it, such as physicians' personal characteristics, ED characteristics and physicians' opinions regarding the causes of and suggested methods of preventing violence. RESULTS A total of 713 physicians participated. Of these, 78.1% reported being subjected to violence in the past year and 65.9% reported more than one such incident. Being subjected to violence was related to age (p=0.008), working in an ED with a high patient admission rate (p=0.018), current position (p<0.001), working outside regular work hours (p<0.001), working in a state hospital (p<0.001) and level of experience (p<0.001). Gender, type of patient typically seen, region and patient waiting period did not influence subjection to violence. The present safety precautions against violence do not appear to influence the prevalence of violence. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that ED physicians' experience of violence is related to personal characteristics such as age and level of expertise, and hospital and ED characteristics such as high patient admission rates. Presently, no measures taken to reduce this violence have been proven effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Bayram
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Çetin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of Health Tekirdağ Public Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Neşe Çolak Oray
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - İsmail Özgür Can
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir, Turkey
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Çelik AK, Oktay E, Çebi K. Analysing workplace violence towards health care staff in public hospitals using alternative ordered response models: the case of north-eastern Turkey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2017; 23:328-339. [DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2017.1316612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erkan Oktay
- Department of Econometrics, Atatürk University, Turkey
| | - Kübranur Çebi
- Graduate School of Social Sciences, Atatürk University, Turkey
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Gillespie GL, Pekar B, Byczkowski TL, Fisher BS. Worker, workplace, and community/environmental risk factors for workplace violence in emergency departments. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2017; 72:79-86. [PMID: 26980080 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2016.1160861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence committed by patients and visitors has high propensity to occur against emergency department employees. This article reports the association of worker, workplace, and community/environmental factors with violence risks. A cross-sectional research design was used with 280 employees from six emergency departments in the Midwest United States. Respondents completed the Survey of Violence Experienced by Staff and a 10-item demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, Chi-square tests, and adjusted relative risks with 95% confidence intervals. Over 80% of respondents experienced at least one type of workplace violence with their current employer and approximately 40% experienced all three types. Risks for workplace violence were significantly higher for registered nurses and hospital-based emergency departments. Workplace violence can impact all employees in the emergency department regardless of worker, workplace, and community/environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bunnany Pekar
- a College of Nursing , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
- b Surgical Services , University Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
| | - Terri L Byczkowski
- c Division of Emergency Medicine , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
| | - Bonnie S Fisher
- d School of Criminal Justice , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , Ohio , USA
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Picakciefe M, Acar G, Colak Z, Kilic I. The Relationship Between Sociodemographic Characteristics, Work Conditions, and Level of "Mobbing" of Health Workers in Primary Health Care. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2017; 32:373-398. [PMID: 26092653 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515586360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mobbing is a type of violence which occurs in workplaces and is classified under the community violence subgroup of interpersonal violence. The aim of this study is to examine health care workers who work in primary health care in the city of Mugla and to determine whether there is a relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, work conditions, and their level of mobbing. A cross-sectional analysis has been conducted in which 130 primary health care workers were selected. Of the 130, 119 health workers participated, yielding a response rate of 91.5%; 83.2% of health workers are female, 42.9% are midwives, 27.7% are nurses, and 14.3% are doctors. In all, 31.1% of health workers have faced with "mobbing" in the last 1 year, and the frequency of experiencing "mobbing" of those 48.6% of them is 1 to 3 times per year. A total of 70.3% of those who apply "mobbing" are senior health workers, and 91.9% are female. The frequency of encountering with "mobbing" was found significantly in married health workers, in those 16 years and above according to examined total working time, in those who have psychosocial reactions, and in those who have counterproductive behaviors. It has been discovered that primary health care workers have high prevalence of "mobbing" exposure. To avoid "mobbing" at workplace, authorities and responsibilities of all employees have to be clearly determined.
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Aivazi AA, Menati W, Tavan H, Navkhasi S, Mehrdadi A. Patients' bill of rights and effective factors of workplace violence against female nurses on duty at Ilam teaching hospitals. J Inj Violence Res 2017; 9:779. [PMID: 28039684 PMCID: PMC5279987 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v9i1.779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence against female nurses is an increasing problem. In addition, recognition the rights of patients can reduce such violence against female nurses. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate workplace violence against female nurses in respect with patients' bill of rights at two public hospitals of Ilam in 2012. METHODS In a descriptive cross-sectional research, workplace violence against female nurses was studied. Data were gathered employing a researcher made questionnaire filled out by 106 female nurses. The questionnaire was on workplace, physical and verbal violence of patients and their attendants, and also the patient's rights as respected by nursing staff. Permission of university ethics committee was obtained. Data analyses were done by T-test and ANOVA in SPSS software. RESULTS Totally, 90.6 % and 15.1 % of the participants were subjected to verbal and physical assaults by patients, respectively during last year of the study. Further, 92.5% and 11.3% of nurses experienced verbal and physical assaults by the patients' attendants, respectively. Most of the nursing staff believed that reporting aggressive attacks to the concerned officials would not be useful. A negative significant correlation was found between the aggressions of patients with age as well as marital status of nurses, (P= 0.04). Furthermore, a significant association was seen between physical violence of patients and the nurses' recognition of the patients' bill of rights (P= 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Due to high rate of violence against female nurses, some proper and effective actions such as employing a trained security force along with legal punitive charges against violators through responsible officials are highly suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hamed Tavan
- Department of Nursing, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran.
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Tarquinio C, Rotonda C, Houllé WA, Montel S, Rydberg JA, Minary L, Dellucci H, Tarquinio P, Fayard A, Alla F. Early Psychological Preventive Intervention For Workplace Violence: A Randomized Controlled Explorative and Comparative Study Between EMDR-Recent Event and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016; 37:787-799. [PMID: 27696918 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2016.1224282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This randomized controlled trial study aims to investigate the efficacy of an early psychological intervention called EMDR-RE compared to Critical Incident Stress Debriefing on 60 victims of workplace violence, which were divided into three groups: 'EMDR-RE' (n = 19), 'CISD' (n = 23), and 'delayed EMDR-RE' (n = 18). EMDR-RE and CISD took place 48 hours after the event, whilst third intervention was delayed by an additional 48 hours. Results showed that after 3 months PCLS and SUDS scores were significantly lower with EMDR-RE and delayed EMDR-RE compared to CISD. After 48 hours and 3 months, none of the EMDR-RE-treated victims showed PTSD symptoms.
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Ferri P, Silvestri M, Artoni C, Di Lorenzo R. Workplace violence in different settings and among various health professionals in an Italian general hospital: a cross-sectional study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2016; 9:263-275. [PMID: 27729818 PMCID: PMC5042196 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s114870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Workplace violence (WPV) against health professionals is a global problem with an increasing incidence. The aims of this study were as follows: 1) to examine the frequency and characteristics of WPV in different settings and professionals of a general hospital and 2) to identify the clinical and organizational factors related to this phenomenon. Methods The study was cross-sectional. In a 1-month period, we administered the “Violent Incident Form” to 745 professionals (physicians, head nurses, nurses, nursing assistants), who worked in 15 wards of a general hospital in northern Italy. Results With a response rate of 56%, 45% of professionals reported WPV. The most frequently assaulted were nurses (67%), followed by nursing assistants (18%) and physicians (12%). The first two categories were correlated, in a statistically significant way, with the risk of WPV (P=0.005, P=0.004, multiple logistic regression). The violent incidents more frequently occurred in psychiatry department (86%), emergency department (71%), and in geriatric wards (57%). The assailants more frequently were males whereas assaulted professionals more often were females. Men committed physical violence more frequently than women, in a statistically significant way (P=0.034, chi-squared test). Verbal violence (51%) was often committed by people in a lucid and normal state of consciousness; physical violence (49%) was most often perpetrated by assailants affected by dementia, mental retardation, drug and substance abuse, or other psychiatric disorders. The variables positively related to WPV were “calling for help during the attack” and “physical injuries suffered in violent attack” (P=0.02, P=0.03, multiple logistic regression). Conclusion This study suggests that violence is a significant phenomenon and that all health workers, especially nurses, are at risk of suffering aggressive assaults. WPV presented specific characteristics related to the health care settings, where the aggression occurred. Prevention programs tailored to the different care needs are necessary to promote professional awareness for violence risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ferri
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing
| | - Monica Silvestri
- Department of Diagnostic, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, School of Nursing
| | | | - Rosaria Di Lorenzo
- Department of Mental Health, Service of Psychiatric Diagnosis and Treatment, Modena, Italy
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Alyaemni A, Alhudaithi H. Workplace violence against nurses in the emergency departments of three hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey. NURSINGPLUS OPEN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.npls.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Shi J, Wang S, Zhou P, Shi L, Zhang Y, Bai F, Xue D, Zhang X. The frequency of patient-initiated violence and its psychological impact on physicians in china: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128394. [PMID: 26030143 PMCID: PMC4450867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In China, the severity of medical disputes has greatly increased during the past two decades, which has caused various adverse outcomes for health professionals. Previous research on violence in healthcare settings has primarily examined the occurrence of patient-initiated violence and its effects on physicians, but few studies have focused on the impact of the extent of physicians’ exposure to violence. This study examined the different frequency levels of specific types of violence and their relationships to physicians’ psychological wellbeing, including emotional exhaustion (EE), job satisfaction (JS), and intention to leave (IL). Methods Using a stratified random sampling method, the participants were drawn from 123 public hospitals in Shanghai, Hubei Province, and Gansu Province in China, and 1,656 completed questionnaires were collected. Chi-square test, analysis of variance, and mixed linear model were employed in the analysis. Results The results showed that the rate of exposure to verbal abuse (VA) was the highest (92.75%), followed by threats of assault (TA, 88.10%) and physical assaults (PA, 81.04%). Physicians’ reported high-frequency exposure to VA, TA, and PA was 35.14%, 27.72%, and 19.32%, respectively. The results indicated that exposure to violence significantly affected EE, JS, and IL, and the intensity of the harm of high-frequency exposure was several times stronger than that of low-frequency exposure. Interestingly, we found that VA produced a greater adverse impact on physicians’ EE and satisfaction with work (JS-1) than did TA or PA. This finding may be attributed to the fact that physicians are more likely to be exposed to a high frequency of VA, and the effect of high-frequency exposure is much stronger. Conclusion The results indicated that decreasing violent incidents and creating a safer work environment for physicians should be a top priority for both government and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Shi
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Ministry of Health (Fudan University); Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Business, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Ministry of Health (Fudan University); Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Leiyu Shi
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Yu Zhang
- Health and Family Planning Commission of Hubei Province, Hubei, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Fei Bai
- Health and Family Planning Commission of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730030, P.R. China
| | - Di Xue
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Ministry of Health (Fudan University); Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xinkai Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
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Bride BE, Choi YJ, Olin IW, Roman PM. Patient Violence Towards Counselors in Substance Use Disorder Treatment Programs: Prevalence, Predictors, and Responses. J Subst Abuse Treat 2015; 57:9-17. [PMID: 26025921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Workplace violence disproportionately impacts healthcare and social service providers. Given that substance use and abuse are documented risk factors for the perpetration of violence, SUD treatment personnel are at risk for patient-initiated violence. However, little research has addressed SUD treatment settings. Using data nationally representative of the U. S., the present study explores SUD counselors' experiences of violent behaviors perpetrated by patients. More than half (53%) of counselors personally experienced violence, 44% witnessed violence, and 61% had knowledge of violence directed at a colleague. Counselors reported that exposure to violence led to an increased concern for personal safety (29%), impacted their treatment of patients (15%), and impaired job performance (12%). In terms of organizational responses to patient violence, 70% of organizations increased training on de-escalation of violent situations, and 58% increased security measures. Exposure to verbal assault was associated with age, minority, tenure, recovery status, 12-step philosophy, training in MI/MET, and higher caseloads of patients with co-occurring disorders. Exposure to physical threats was associated with age gender, minority, tenure, recovery status, and higher caseloads of patients with co-occurring disorders. Exposure to physical assault was associated with age, gender, and sample. Implications of these findings for organizations and individuals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Bride
- School of Social Work, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Y Joon Choi
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ilana W Olin
- School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Paul M Roman
- Owens Institute for Behavioral Research, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, Athens, Georgia; Department of Sociology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Abou-ElWafa HS, El-Gilany AH, Abd-El-Raouf SE, Abd-Elmouty SM, El-Sayed RESH. Workplace violence against emergency versus non-emergency nurses in Mansoura university hospitals, Egypt. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2015; 30:857-872. [PMID: 24970863 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514536278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) against nurses is a common but neglected problem in Egypt. The objectives are to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of different types of violence against nurses working in the emergency hospital compared with those working in non-emergency clinics, circumstances of violence, type of perpetrators, and victims' response. This cross-sectional comparative study was carried out at Mansoura University Hospitals, Egypt, during January 2013. The data were collected through the adapted version of a self-administered questionnaire developed by the International Labor Office/International Council of Nurses/World Health Organization/Public Services International on WPV in the health sector. All types of WPV are common among nurses. Precipitating factors for violent incidents identified by respondents are emergency specialty, having work shift, and younger age. Violent incidents result in work dissatisfaction and consequently impair work productivity. Nurses working in emergency hospital experienced a higher level of different types of WPV. There is an urgent need to formulate and implement a policy for dealing with violent events.
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Darawad MW, Al-Hussami M, Saleh AM, Mustafa WM, Odeh H. Violence Against Nurses in Emergency Departments in Jordan. Workplace Health Saf 2015; 63:9-17. [DOI: 10.1177/2165079914565348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Violence against nurses in emergency departments (EDs) has become a widespread phenomenon affecting nurses’ job satisfaction and work performance. Literature is scarce regarding prevalence rates and causes of violence directed toward nurses in Jordan. The present study investigated violence experienced by Jordanian nurses in EDs and causes of violence from their perspectives. This descriptive study collected data from 174 Jordanian ED nurses. The majority of the participants (91.4%) reported experiencing violence (verbal 95.3% vs. physical 23.3%). According to participants, the most common causes of violence in the ED were crowding and workload (75.9%), and the least was care of patients with dementia or Alzheimer’s disease (35.6%). Violence is common in Jordanian EDs, giving rise to many heath and behavioral consequences. Health care administrators are obligated to protect nurses from violent incidents by providing adequate safety measures, beneficial administrative procedures, and sincere efforts to overcome the causes of this phenomenon.
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Aivazi AA, Tavan H. Prevalence of conceived violence against nurses at educational hospitals of Ilam, Iran, 2012. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AFRICA NURSING SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijans.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Pich J, Kable A. Patient-related violence against nursing staff working in emergency departments: a systematic review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.11124/jbisrir-2014-1596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Vezyridis P, Samoutis A, Mavrikiou PM. Workplace violence against clinicians in Cypriot emergency departments: a national questionnaire survey. J Clin Nurs 2014; 24:1210-22. [DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexis Samoutis
- School of Health Sciences; Frederick University Cyprus; Nicosia Cyprus
| | - Petroula M Mavrikiou
- School of Economic Sciences and Administration; Frederick University Cyprus; Nicosia Cyprus
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Angland S, Dowling M, Casey D. Nurses’ perceptions of the factors which cause violence and aggression in the emergency department: A qualitative study. Int Emerg Nurs 2014; 22:134-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sabri B, St Vil NM, Campbell JC, Fitzgerald S, Kub J, Agnew J. Racial and ethnic differences in factors related to workplace violence victimization. West J Nurs Res 2014; 37:180-96. [PMID: 24658287 DOI: 10.1177/0193945914527177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) is a significant public health concern affecting all racial or ethnic groups. This study examined whether different racial/ethnic groups differed in vulnerability to WPV exposure and utilization of resources at the workplace. This cross-sectional research focused on White, Black, and Asian nursing employees (N = 2,033) employed in four health care institutions in a mid-Atlantic U.S. metropolitan area. Whereas childhood physical abuse was significantly related to risk of WPV among workers from all racial/ethnic backgrounds, intimate partner abuse was a significant factor for Asians and Whites. Blacks and Asians were found to be less likely than Whites to be knowledgeable about WPV resources or use resources to address WPV. Services to address past trauma, and education and training opportunities for new workers may reduce risk of WPV and promote resource utilization among minority workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joan Kub
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Farrell GA, Shafiei T, Chan SP. Patient and visitor assault on nurses and midwives: an exploratory study of employer 'protective' factors. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2014; 23:88-96. [PMID: 23279321 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Most Australian public health-care services have established a range of initiatives designed to help 'protect' nurses and midwives from patient and visitor assault (PVA); however, few studies have specifically examined their effectiveness. The present study is part of a larger survey that explored nurses' and midwives' experiences of PVA using the Department of Human Services, Victoria (2007) definition of occupational violence and bullying. Participants were asked about the presence of 'protective' factors in their workplace and the importance of having these factors to prevent and manage workplace aggression. Binary logistic regression was applied to ascertain the association between 'protective' factors and the occurrence of PVA, with adjusted odds ratios and their reported 95% confidence intervals for ascertaining the significance of the associations. The study found more 'protection' from assault when there was a high standard of patient facilities, sufficient staffing, effective enforcement of policies, and when staff were provided with personal protective equipment. Working in private health care, and being a registered nurse, also conferred 'protection'. A higher occurrence of staff assault was associated with specific clinical settings, and being on rotation and on night duty. Findings point to important insights into factors associated with 'protection' for PVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald A Farrell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Spector PE, Zhou ZE, Che XX. Nurse exposure to physical and nonphysical violence, bullying, and sexual harassment: A quantitative review. Int J Nurs Stud 2014; 51:72-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ünsal Atan S, Baysan Arabaci L, Sirin A, Isler A, Donmez S, Unsal Guler M, Oflaz U, Yalcinkaya Ozdemir G, Yazar Tasbasi F. Violence experienced by nurses at six university hospitals in Turkey. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2013; 20:882-9. [PMID: 23216948 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This research was conducted to analyse the violence experienced by nurses employed at six university hospitals. A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted. The research sample consisted of 441 nurses who worked in the emergency, intensive care and psychiatry units of six university hospitals in Turkey between June 2008 and June 2009 and who voluntarily agreed to participate. It was found that 60.8% of the nurses were subjected to verbal violence and/or physical violence from patients, visitors or health staff. Of the nurses who were subjected to workplace violence, 42.9% stated that their experience of verbal and/or physical violence had a negative impact on their physical and/or psychological health, and 42.9% stated that their work performance was negatively affected. Of these nurses, 1.8% stated that they received professional help, 13.6% stated that a report was made and 9.5% stated that they contacted the hospital police in some way. According to the findings of this research, similar to the situation worldwide, nurses in Turkey are subjected to verbal and/or physical violence from patients, visitors and health staff.
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Waschgler K, Ruiz-Hernández JA, Llor-Esteban B, García-Izquierdo M. Patients' aggressive behaviours towards nurses: development and psychometric properties of the hospital aggressive behaviour scale- users. J Adv Nurs 2012; 69:1418-27. [DOI: 10.1111/jan.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Khoshknab MF, Tamizi Z, Ghazanfari N, Mehrabani G. Prevalence of Workplace Violence in Psychiatric Wards, Tehran, Iran. Pak J Biol Sci 2012; 15:680-4. [PMID: 24171249 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.680.684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate (1) the prevalence of occupational violence in out-of-hours (OOH) primary care, (2) the perceived cause of violence, and (3) the associations between occupation, gender, age, years of work, and occupational violence. DESIGN A cross-sectional study using a self-administered postal questionnaire. SETTING Twenty Norwegian OOH primary care centres. SUBJECTS Physicians, nurses, and others with patient contact at OOH primary care centres, 536 responders (75% response rate). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Verbal abuse, threats, physical abuse, sexual harassment. RESULTS In total, 78% had been verbally abused, 44% had been exposed to threats, 13% physically abused, and 9% sexually harassed during the last 12 months. Significantly more nurses were associated with verbal abuse (OR 3.85, 95% confidence interval 2.17-6.67) after adjusting for gender, age, and years in OOH primary care. Males had a higher risk for physical abuse (OR 2.36, CI 1.11-5.05) and higher age was associated with lower risk for sexual harassment (OR 0.28, CI 0.14-0.59), when adjusted for background variables. Drug influence and mental illness were the most frequently perceived causes for the last occurring episode of physical abuse, threats, and verbal abuse. CONCLUSION This first study on occupational violence in Norwegian OOH primary care found that a substantial number of health care workers experience occupational violence from patients or visitors. The employer should take action to prevent occupational violence in OOH primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tone Morken
- National Centre for Emergency Primary Health Care, Uni Health, Uni Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Norway
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Talas MS, Kocaöz S, Akgüç S. A Survey of Violence Against Staff Working in the Emergency Department in Ankara, Turkey. Asian Nurs Res (Korean Soc Nurs Sci) 2011; 5:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anr.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Natan MB, Hanukayev A, Fares S. Factors affecting Israeli nurses' reports of violence perpetrated against them in the workplace: A test of the theory of planned behaviour. Int J Nurs Pract 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-172x.2011.01919.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Esmaeilpour M, Salsali M, Ahmadi F. Workplace violence against Iranian nurses working in emergency departments. Int Nurs Rev 2010; 58:130-7. [PMID: 21281305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2010.00834.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nurses working in emergency departments (EDs) are in the most danger of workplace violence (WPV) because of the critical nature of the wards. AIMS This study aimed to find the frequency and nature of physical and verbal WPV against Iranian nurses working in EDs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out using consensus sampling of 196 bachelor's degree nurses working in 11 EDs of teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran. The data were collected through the adapted version of a self-administered questionnaire developed by the International Labor Office/International Council of Nurses/World Health Organization/Public Services International on WPV in the health sector. The gathered data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS The participants were mostly (89.1%) female and their work experiences (63.2%) in nursing were between 1 and 5 years; 19.7% of the nurses had faced physical violence. All of the physical violence incidents were without-weapon; 91.6% of the participants experienced verbal abuse during the past year. Patients' relatives were the most common source of violence. Dissatisfaction was reported on the way the incidents were handled. CONCLUSION It is believed that finding the pattern and nature of WPV is the first step to develop suitable strategies to deal with the issue. Establishing WPV management teams and enacting appropriate laws can improve workplace safety for nurses and patients' care quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esmaeilpour
- Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pinar R, Ucmak F. Verbal and physical violence in emergency departments: a survey of nurses in Istanbul, Turkey. J Clin Nurs 2010; 20:510-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Celebioğlu A, Akpinar RB, Küçükoğlu S, Engin R. Violence experienced by Turkish nursing students in clinical settings: their emotions and behaviors. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2010; 30:687-691. [PMID: 20129722 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM This descriptive study aimed to determine the violence experiences of nursing students' in clinical settings, the types of violence, and the way their behaviors and emotions are affected after such an experience. BACKGROUND The risk of being subjected to violence among health staff is very high and the students who worked in the same kind of work environments also faced similar risks. METHODS The data of the study were obtained from the 380 nursing students who were studying at 2nd, 3rd, and 4th grades. Participation was voluntary. A questionnaire form was developed by the researchers and distributed to the students. RESULTS It was found that 50.3% of the students were subjected to violence, and 91.6% of these students were subjected to verbal violence. The students most frequently experienced anger, fury, and enmity (84.3%) after confronting violence. CONCLUSION Findings of our study showed that similar to nurses, nursing students, who spent a significant proportion of their education in areas of practice, also experienced violence. Therefore, measures should be taken to prevent the violence inflicted upon nursing students in clinical settings, and nursing students should be provided with information related to communication and the coping methods with violence during their education.
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Gillespie GL, Gates DM, Miller M, Howard PK. Workplace violence in healthcare settings: risk factors and protective strategies. Rehabil Nurs 2010; 35:177-84. [PMID: 20836482 DOI: 10.1002/j.2048-7940.2010.tb00045.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the risk factors and protective strategies associated with workplace violence perpetrated by patients and visitors against healthcare workers. Perpetrator risk factors for patients and visitors in healthcare settings include mental health disorders, drug or alcohol use, inability to deal with situational crises, possession of weapons, and being a victim of violence. Worker risk factors are gender, age, years of experience, hours worked, marital status, and previous workplace violence training. Setting and environmental risk factors for experiencing workplace violence include time of day and presence of security cameras. Protective strategies for combating the negative consequences of workplace violence include carrying a telephone, practicing self-defense, instructing perpetrators to stop being violent, self- and social support, and limiting interactions with potential or known perpetrators of violence. Workplace violence is a serious and growing problem that affects all healthcare professionals. Strategies are needed to prevent workplace violence and manage the negative consequences experienced by healthcare workers following violent events.
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Abstract
The aims of this study were to ascertain how registered nurses convey and experience respect in their day-to-day work environment with other registered nurses. Nurses generally feel respected when they are acknowledged for a job well done and for what they as individuals bring to the situation, including knowledge, skills, and experience. Findings revealed that communication was a key factor in conveying and experiencing respect, including what is communicated, how it is communicated, and what is not communicated. Experiencing respect was linked to collaboration, acknowledgment, autonomy, support, and fairness. Important findings in this study were barriers to conveying respect. Barriers were described as lack of time, lack of understanding of roles, inability to develop collegial relationships, not being shown respect, and lack of self-awareness.
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Zampieron A, Galeazzo M, Turra S, Buja A. Perceived aggression towards nurses: study in two Italian health institutions. J Clin Nurs 2010; 19:2329-41. [PMID: 20550621 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.03118.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The goal of the present study was to quantify the perceived aggression towards nurses working in two Italian health care institutions and to verify the hypothesis of an association between the characteristics of aggressors and the type of aggression. BACKGROUND Violence and aggressiveness, particularly aimed at nurses, are a common, but inadequately investigated phenomenon in Italian health care institutions. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. METHODS The study was performed, studying a sample of 700 nurses (37% of the personnel in 94 units) in two health care institutions in northeast Italy using an anonymous multiple-choice questionnaire. RESULTS Forty-nine percent of the nurses responded that they had experienced aggression in the previous year, 82% of that was only verbal. This happened more often to female nurses working in the emergency department and in geriatric and psychiatric units. A statistically significant association (p < 0.001) was found between the perception of fatigue, stress and work dissatisfaction and the frequency of aggression. Aggressors were usually patients or their relatives (57%) and were mainly men (66%). Fifty-three percent of assaulted nurses did not ask for help after the event. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the high incidence of perceived, mainly verbal aggression towards nurses. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Action to prevent aggressive episodes may include concentrating on job motivation, encouraging participatory leadership and promoting the best possible working conditions. The absence of any systematic event reporting and documentation makes the assaulted workers feel defenceless.
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Chapman R, Styles I, Perry L, Combs S. Examining the characteristics of workplace violence in one non-tertiary hospital. J Clin Nurs 2010; 19:479-88. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2009.02952.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Gillespie GL, Gates DM, Miller M, Howard PK. Violence against Healthcare Workers in a Pediatric Emergency Department. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2010; 32:68-82. [PMID: 38600962 PMCID: PMC11006411 DOI: 10.1097/tme.0b013e3181c8b0b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) by patients and visitors against nurses and physicians is a problem in adult emergency departments (ED), but largely unrecognized and unreported in pediatric EDs. The purpose of this qualitative study was to describe the WPV that occurred in a pediatric ED and the negative effects on the workers. Data included transcribed interviews with 31 pediatric ED workers, non-participant observations, digital photographs, and archival records and analyzed using a modified constant comparative analysis method. Participants perceived that both genders and all occupational groups were at risk for experiencing verbal and physical WPV. Common perpetrator characteristics were patients receiving a psychiatric evaluation and visitors exhibiting acute anxiety. Effects were experienced by the workers, perpetrators, patient bystanders, and the healthcare employer. It is concluded that WPV is a problem in this pediatric ED and interventions need to be implemented to promote the safety of the workers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donna M Gates
- University of Cincinnati College of Nursing, Cincinnati, OH
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Aydin B, Kartal M, Midik O, Buyukakkus A. Violence against general practitioners in Turkey. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2009; 24:1980-1995. [PMID: 19150889 DOI: 10.1177/0886260508327703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the violence against general practitioners (GPs) through their suggestions on its cause and prevention. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study based on self-administered questionnaire answered by a convenience study population consisting of 522 GPs between November and December 2006. Of the participating GPs, 82.8% reported that they experienced violence. They reported 1,020 events, and verbal form was the most common form (89.3%). Verbal and sexual violence were seen more frequently among women, whereas physical and economic violence were more frequent with men. Perpetrators were patients and/or their relatives in 91.1% of the events. However, they were colleagues and superiors in 67.9% of the economic and sexual violence events. Violence against GPs warrants more attention. For its prevention, there is a need of continuous professional, administrative, and legal support from the government along with systematic, coordinated implementations independent from daily political concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna Aydin
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Forensic Medicine, Kurupelit 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
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The Effect of ACT-SMART on Nurses' Perceived Level of Confidence Toward Managing the Aggressive and Violent Patient. Adv Emerg Nurs J 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tme.0000334377.82646.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Landau SF, Bendalak Y. Personnel exposure to violence in hospital emergency wards: a routine activity approach. Aggress Behav 2008; 34:88-103. [PMID: 17680612 DOI: 10.1002/ab.20214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzes violence against personnel in the emergency wards of all 25 general hospitals in Israel using a self-report questionnaire (N=2,356). Informed by the routine activity theory, the hypotheses related to the major concepts of this approach: exposure, target suitability, guarding and proximity to offenders. A General Exposure to Violence Index (GEVI) was constructed, based on the participants' reports about type and frequency of their victimization to violence during the preceding year. The multiple regression analysis for explaining the GEVI was composed of 15 independent variables relating to participants' professional and personal characteristics as well as to structural features of hospitals. As predicted, higher exposure to violence was related to security or nursing staff and positions of authority; high weekly workload; working in a profession other than that of training; inability of coping with verbal violence; having no access to an emergency button, and working in settings restricting the number of accompanying persons to one only. Unexpectedly, previous training in coping with violence was related to higher victimization. Younger age, male gender and being of European/American origin (mainly from the former Soviet Union) was also related to higher risk of victimization. The results support the utility of the routine activities approach in explaining differences in emergency ward personnel victimization. The findings also indicate, however, the need to add domain-specific contextual analyses to this approach to reach a fuller understanding of the behaviors under discussion. Implications of the finding to coping with violence against emergency ward personnel are discussed, and suggestions are put forward for further study in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simha F Landau
- Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Çelik S, Çelik Y, Ağırbaş İ, Uğurluoğlu Ö. Verbal and physical abuse against nurses in Turkey. Int Nurs Rev 2007; 54:359-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2007.00548.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tang JS, Chen CL, Zhang ZR, Wang L. Incidence and Related Factors of Violence in Emergency Departments—A Study of Nurses in Southern Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc 2007; 106:748-58. [PMID: 17908664 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(08)60036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Nurses in emergency departments are high-risk groups who are most likely to experience the offense of violent behaviors. In a comparison on the occurrence of verbal and physical abuses in emergency departments, this study aimed to analyze the correlation of staff properties and occupational conditions in an attempt to provide a reference on violence prevention. METHODS Eleven hospitals in southern Taiwan were selected and a survey of 267 nurses was conducted. The results were analyzed by percentage, Pearsons chi2 test and logistic regression. RESULTS The 236 valid questionnaires showed that nurses experienced significantly more verbal abuse (92%) than physical abuse (30%). The highest occurrence of verbal abuse was 49% in night shift, and the physical abuse was 44% in overnight shift. Long waiting (89%), difference in cognition (87%), and lack of communication (82%) were the common causes. The occurrences of verbal abuse and physical abuse were significantly correlated to less-informed (odds ratio [OR], 1.67 and 1.22, respectively) and basic-level nurses (OR, 2.30 and 1.34, respectively). In addition, younger age (OR, 2.80; p < 0.01) and single status (OR, 9.09; p <0.05) were correlated with occurrence of verbal abuse, but not of physical abuse. The test on occupational conditions showed a significant correlation (OR, 0.68/0.44; p < 0.005) between the occurrence of verbal/physical abuse and whether supervisors could provide enough training to cope with violence. CONCLUSION This study suggested that a well-informed nurse should be arranged to take the night/overnight shifts in order to reduce the occurrence of abuses in emergency departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shia Tang
- Department of Nursing, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
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