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Ahmad Z, Kahloan W, Rosen ED. Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0. [PMID: 38769435 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of nine transcription factors in mammals. IRFs exert broad effects on almost all aspects of immunity but are best known for their role in the antiviral response. Over the past two decades, IRFs have been implicated in metabolic physiology and pathophysiology, partly as a result of their known functions in immune cells, but also because of direct actions in adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes and neurons. This Review focuses predominantly on IRF3 and IRF4, which have been the subject of the most intense investigation in this area. IRF3 is located in the cytosol and undergoes activation and nuclear translocation in response to various signals, including stimulation of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and the cGAS-STING pathways. IRF3 promotes weight gain, primarily by inhibiting adipose thermogenesis, and also induces inflammation and insulin resistance using both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. IRF4, meanwhile, is generally pro-thermogenic and anti-inflammatory and has profound effects on lipogenesis and lipolysis. Finally, new data are emerging on the role of other IRF family members in metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, data indicate that IRFs serve as critical yet underappreciated integrators of metabolic and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunair Ahmad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Wahab Kahloan
- AdventHealth Orlando Family Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Alemany M. The Metabolic Syndrome, a Human Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2251. [PMID: 38396928 PMCID: PMC10888680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the question of metabolic syndrome (MS) being a complex, but essentially monophyletic, galaxy of associated diseases/disorders, or just a syndrome of related but rather independent pathologies. The human nature of MS (its exceptionality in Nature and its close interdependence with human action and evolution) is presented and discussed. The text also describes the close interdependence of its components, with special emphasis on the description of their interrelations (including their syndromic development and recruitment), as well as their consequences upon energy handling and partition. The main theories on MS's origin and development are presented in relation to hepatic steatosis, type 2 diabetes, and obesity, but encompass most of the MS components described so far. The differential effects of sex and its biological consequences are considered under the light of human social needs and evolution, which are also directly related to MS epidemiology, severity, and relations with senescence. The triggering and maintenance factors of MS are discussed, with especial emphasis on inflammation, a complex process affecting different levels of organization and which is a critical element for MS development. Inflammation is also related to the operation of connective tissue (including the adipose organ) and the widely studied and acknowledged influence of diet. The role of diet composition, including the transcendence of the anaplerotic maintenance of the Krebs cycle from dietary amino acid supply (and its timing), is developed in the context of testosterone and β-estradiol control of the insulin-glycaemia hepatic core system of carbohydrate-triacylglycerol energy handling. The high probability of MS acting as a unique complex biological control system (essentially monophyletic) is presented, together with additional perspectives/considerations on the treatment of this 'very' human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marià Alemany
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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3
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Nainu F, Frediansyah A, Mamada SS, Permana AD, Salampe M, Chandran D, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Natural products targeting inflammation-related metabolic disorders: A comprehensive review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16919. [PMID: 37346355 PMCID: PMC10279840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the incidence of metabolic disorders is increasing, setting a challenge to global health. With major advancement in the diagnostic tools and clinical procedures, much has been known in the etiology of metabolic disorders and their corresponding pathophysiologies. In addition, the use of in vitro and in vivo experimental models prior to clinical studies has promoted numerous biomedical breakthroughs, including in the discovery and development of drug candidates to treat metabolic disorders. Indeed, chemicals isolated from natural products have been extensively studied as prospective drug candidates to manage diabetes, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancer, partly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Continuous efforts have been made in parallel to improve their bioactivity and bioavailability using selected drug delivery approaches. Here, we provide insights on recent progress in the role of inflammatory-mediated responses on the initiation of metabolic disorders, with particular reference to diabetes mellitus, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancer. In addition, we discussed the prospective role of natural products in the management of diabetes, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancers and provide lists of potential biological targets for high throughput screening in drug discovery and development. Lastly, we discussed findings observed in the preclinical and clinical studies prior to identifying suitable approaches on the phytochemical drug delivery systems that are potential to be used in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andri Frediansyah
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing (PRTPP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Sukamto S. Mamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Tamalanrea, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | | | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore 642109, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School & Legorreta Cancer Center, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Universidade de Vigo, Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical Chemistry and Food Science Department, Faculty of Science, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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Srinivas V, Molangiri A, Varma S, Mallepogu A, Kona SR, Ibrahim A, Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal omega-3 fatty acid deficiency affects fetal thermogenic development and postnatal musculoskeletal growth in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 112:109218. [PMID: 36375730 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Maternal omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) deficiency can affect offspring's adiposity and metabolism by modulating lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the impact of n-3 PUFA deficiency on the development of fetal thermogenesis and its consequences is not reported. Using an n-3 PUFA deficient mice, we assessed fetal interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT), body fat composition, insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucose transporters (GLUTs), and expression of lipid storage & metabolic proteins in the offspring. The n-3 PUFA deficiency did not change the pups' calorie intake, organ weight, and body weight. However, the offspring's skeletal growth was altered due to excess fat to lean mass, reduced tibia & femur elongation, dysregulated IGF-1 in the mother and pups (P< .05). Localization of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in iBAT exhibited a reduced expression in the deficient fetus. Further, UCP1, GLUT1, GPR120 were downregulated while FABP3, ADRP, GLUT4 expressions were upregulated in the BAT of the deficient offspring (P< .05). The deficiency decreased endogenous conversion of the n-3 LCPUFAs from their precursors and upregulated SCD1, FASN, and MFSD2A mRNAs in the liver (P< .05). An altered musculoskeletal growth in the offspring is associated with impaired browning of the fetal adipose, dysregulated thermogenesis, growth hormone, and expression of glucose and fatty acid metabolic mediators due to maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency. BAT had higher metabolic sensitivity compared to WAT in n-3 PUFA deficiency. Maternal n-3 PUFA intake may prevent excess adiposity by modulating fetal development of thermogenesis and skeletal growth dynamics in the mice offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilasagaram Srinivas
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Archana Molangiri
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Saikanth Varma
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aswani Mallepogu
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Suryam Reddy Kona
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Ahamed Ibrahim
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanjay Basak
- National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India.
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5
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Mikłosz A, Nikitiuk BE, Chabowski A. Using adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to fight the metabolic complications of obesity: Where do we stand? Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13413. [PMID: 34985174 PMCID: PMC9285813 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor for the development of metabolic diseases, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. Stem cell-based therapies have become a promising tool for therapeutic intervention. Among them are adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs), secreting numerous bioactive molecules, like growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Their unique features, including immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory properties, make them an ideal candidates for clinical applications. Numerous experimental studies have shown that ADMSCs can improve pancreatic islet cell viability and function, ameliorate hyperglycemia, improve insulin sensitivity, restore liver function, counteract dyslipidemia, lower pro-inflammatory cytokines, and reduce oxidative stress in the animal models. These results prompted scientists to use ADMSCs clinically. However, up to date, there have been few clinical studies or ongoing trails using ADMSCs to treat metabolic disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or liver cirrhosis. Most human studies have implemented autologous ADMSCs with minimal risk of cellular rejection. Because the functionality of ADMSCs is significantly reduced in subjects with obesity and/or metabolic syndrome, their efficacy is questioned. ADMSCs transplantation may offer a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic complications of obesity, but randomized controlled trials are required to establish their safety and efficacy in humans prior to routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Mikłosz
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Adrian Chabowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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6
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Ouyang Q, Bao D, Lu Y, Hu J, Hu B, Lan C, Hu S, He H, Liu H, Li L, Wang J. A comparative study of libido in drakes: from phenotypes to molecules. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101503. [PMID: 34700098 PMCID: PMC8554253 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Low fertilization rate is the main reason to limit the development of artificial insemination (AI) technology in ducks. However, the libido of male livestock has been confirmed to be related to semen quality and fertilization rate, and we found that the libido of drakes was different. Thus, the research on the libido of drakes may be the key to further develop and apply AI technology. In this research, we established the first scoring standard for libido evaluation in drakes based on the performance of drakes during training period. Phenotypically, the body weight of high libido group was lighter than that of the other groups, while the weight of testis and epididymis in the high libido group was higher than that in the low libido group. Furthermore, we constructed the first expression profile of hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, and epididymis of drakes with high or low libido. There were 2, 1822, 214, and 892 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in hypothalamus, pituitary, testis, and epididymis. The expression and sequence of Translocation Associated Membrane Protein 2 (TRAM2) were different in high and low libido drakes, indicating that it may be a candidate gene related to drake's libido. The estrogen, prolactin, and oxytocin signaling pathways were all activated in the pituitary of the low libido group. Meanwhile, the metabolic and oxidative phosphorylation pathways were enriched by DEGs in pituitary, testis and epididymis. Our research reveals that the difference in metabolic may cause changes in body weight of drakes, resulting in altered hormone levels and oxidative phosphorylation of gonad, which negatively affects libido and spermatogenesis in drakes. These results provide novel insights into the avian libido and will help better understand the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Ouyang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Dewei Bao
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Cong Lan
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Shenqiang Hu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hua He
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Liang Li
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Yang L, Xie X, Li Y, Wu L, Fan C, Liang T, Xi Y, Yang S, Li H, Zhang J, Ding Y, Xue L, Chen M, Wang J, Wu Q. Evaluation of the Cholesterol-Lowering Mechanism of Enterococcus faecium Strain 132 and Lactobacillus paracasei Strain 201 in Hypercholesterolemia Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061982. [PMID: 34207558 PMCID: PMC8228983 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia can cause many diseases, but it can effectively regulated by Lactobacillus. This study aimed to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of Enterococcus faecium strain 132 and Lactobacillusparacasei strain 201. These results showed that both the strains decreased serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), liver TC and TG and increased fecal TC, TG and total bile acid (TBA) levels. Additionally, both strains also reduced glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (AST) and levels of tissue inflammation levels to improve the lipid profile, and they reduced fat accumulation partially by alleviating inflammatory responses. Furthermore, both strains regulated the expression of the CYP8B1, CYP7A1, SREBP-1, SCD1 and LDL-R gene to promote cholesterol metabolism and reduce TG accumulation. Interventions with both strains also altered the gut microbiota, and decreasing the abundance of Veillonellaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae and Prevotella. Furthermore, fecal acetic acid and propionic acid were increased by this intervention. Overall, the results suggested that E. faecium strain 132 and L. paracasei strain 201 can alleviate hypercholesterolemia in rats and might be applied as a new type of hypercholesterolemia agent in functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshuang Yang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Lei Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Congcong Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Tingting Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Yu Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Shuanghong Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Haixin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Yu Ding
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Moutong Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (X.X.); (Y.L.); (L.W.); (C.F.); (T.L.); (Y.X.); (S.Y.); (H.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.D.); (L.X.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.W.); (Q.W.)
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Dulloo AG, Montani JP. Pathogenesis of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases: From the legacy of Ancel Keys to current concepts. Obes Rev 2021; 22 Suppl 2:e13193. [PMID: 33527617 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several areas of research into the prevention and treatment of obesity today can be traced to one or more of the scientific works pioneered by Ancel Keys between the 1930s to 1970s in fields that cut across the physiology of extremes and public health nutrition. These range from his classical studies into how body and mind respond to chronic exposure to hypoxia in "The Physiology of Life at High Altitudes" or to simulated famine under controlled laboratory conditions in "The Biology of Human Starvation", the impact of diet and lifestyle on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in "The Seven Countries Study," to the "Indices of Relative Weight and Obesity" in which he identified what has since been the most widely utilized diagnostic tool to monitor obesity across populations worldwide and which he coined as the body mass index. The contribution of Ancel Keys to medical sciences through his observations, analytical approaches, and research output of his classic studies, and how these have (and continue) to impact on a plethora of current concepts in obesity research today, are embodied in the eight review articles that constitute this supplement reporting the proceedings of the 10th Fribourg Obesity Research Conference. The aim of this introductory paper is to put into perspective the legacy of Ancel Keys to current concepts that are encapsulated in these review articles that cover research areas that include (i) the diagnosis of obesity for health risks; (ii) the role of dietary fat types in the pathogenesis of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases; (iii) the rationale, efficacy and safety of low carbohydrate ketogenic diets, or the therapeutic potential of hypoxic conditioning, in weight management programs; (iv) the psychological and physiological basis of the "famine reaction" that counters therapeutic dieting and facilitates weight regain; and (v) the potential impact of weight cycling and yoyo dieting on risks for later obesity and cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul G Dulloo
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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E Alkafafy M, M Ahmed M, Sayed SM, M El-Shehawi A, Farouk S, S Alotaibi S, El-Shazly SA. Ameliorating Effect of Pineapple Juice on the Obesity-Induced Testicular Impairment in Male Wistar Rat. Pak J Biol Sci 2021; 24:1130-1137. [PMID: 34842384 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2021.1130.1137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Obesity exerts negative influences on male reproductive capacity via changing the molecular and physical structure of male germ cells. This study was conducted to evaluate the mitigating effects of raw juice of pineapple on obesity-associated testicular impairment in male Wistar rats. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Rats included the control group (G<sub>I</sub>, n = 6) who received a Normal Diet (ND) and the obese group (G<sub>II</sub>, n = 18) who received a High-Fat Diet (HFD). Obese rats (G<sub>II</sub>) were subdivided into 3 groups (6 rats each): G<sub>II</sub> represents the untreated obesity group that continued to receive HFD with plain Drinking Water (DW), G<sub>III</sub> received ND along with raw juice (15% v/v) in DW and G<sub>IV</sub> continued to receive HFD with raw juice (15% v/v) in DW. Rats were sacrificed at the end of the trial and testis was processed for histopathology and immunohistochemistry. <b>Results:</b> Testis from obese rats revealed a significant increment in spermatogenic cell degeneration, pro-inflammatory Nuclear factor of kappa B (NF-κB) and pro-apoptotic Caspase-3 immunoreactivities. Yet, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) displayed poor immunoreactivity in obese rats' testis relative to controls. Administration of raw juice of pineapple to obese rats significantly reduced degeneration of spermatogenic cells, NF-κB and Caspase-3 immunoreactivities. Additionally, treatment with the juice significantly increased immunoreactivity to PCNA in obese rats. These ameliorating effects were more obvious in rats who received juice along with ND (G<sub>III</sub>) than in those who received it along with HFD (G<sub>IV</sub>). <b>Conclusion:</b> Treatment of obese rats with pineapple juice restored testicular homeostasis, indicating its potential validity to overcome obesity-induced male fertility disorders.
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10
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Song J, Zhang J, Su Y, Zhang X, Li J, Tu L, Yu J, Zheng Y, Wang M. Monascus vinegar-mediated alternation of gut microbiota and its correlation with lipid metabolism and inflammation in hyperlipidemic rats. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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11
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Rostamtabar M, Esmaeilzadeh S, Tourani M, Rahmani A, Baee M, Shirafkan F, Saleki K, Mirzababayi SS, Ebrahimpour S, Nouri HR. Pathophysiological roles of chronic low-grade inflammation mediators in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:824-838. [PMID: 32617971 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common hormonal imbalance disease in reproductive-aged women. Its basic characteristics are ovulatory dysfunction and ovarian overproduction of androgens that lead to severe symptoms such as insulin resistance, hirsutism, infertility, and acne. Notwithstanding the disease burden, its underlying mechanisms remain unknown, and no causal therapeutic exists. In recent years, further studies showed that inflammation processes are involved in ovulation and play a key role in ovarian follicular dynamics. Visceral adipose tissue can cause inflammatory response and maintenance of the inflammation state in adipocytes by augmented production of inflammatory cytokines, monocyte chemoattractant proteins, and recruitment of the immune cell. Therefore, the PCOS can be related to a low-grade inflammation state and inflammatory markers. Investigating the inflammatory processes and mediators that contribute to the commencement and development of PCOS can be a critical step for better understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and its treatment through inhibition or control of related pathways. In the present review, we discuss the pathophysiological roles of chronic low-grade inflammation mediators including inflammasome-related cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-18 in PCOS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Rostamtabar
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tourani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Masoud Baee
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shirafkan
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Kiarash Saleki
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Soheil Ebrahimpour
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Nouri
- Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Science, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Immunoregulation Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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12
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Predictive anthropometric models of total and truncal body fat in Chilean children. Nutrition 2020; 77:110803. [PMID: 32442830 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to develop predictive anthropometric models for total and truncal body fat in Chilean children using the following anthropometric measurements: weight, height, skinfold thickness, and circumference. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 669 Chilean children (12.0 y ± 1.3) in Tanner stage IV from the Growth and Obesity Chilean Cohort Study. Anthropometric measurements and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were determined to calculate total and truncal body fat. Prediction models were fitted by linear regression analysis. RESULTS The predictive equation for log total body fat (kg) was 0.449 + 0.049 (body mass index in kg/m2) + 0.018 (triceps skinfold in mm) + 0.012 (biceps skinfold in mm) + 0.019 (brachial circumference in cm) + 0.091 (sex: 1 = boy, 2 = girl) + 0.018 (age in y). The predictive equation for log truncal fat (kg) was -2.107 + 0.046 (waist circumference in cm) + 0.010 (subscapular skinfold in mm) + 0.259 (sex: 1 = boy, 2 = girl) + 0.006 (age in y). The test of concordance between the predictive equations of total and truncal body fat with gold standard was r = 0.85 and 0.91, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In Chilean children, the high correlation between observed and predicted values enabled us to develop predictive equations for total and truncal body fat for children.
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Mahmoudi-Nezhad M, Farhangi MA, Kahroba H. Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide gene (CARTPT) polymorphism interacts with Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to affect hypothalamic hormones and cardio-metabolic risk factors among obese individuals. J Transl Med 2020; 18:16. [PMID: 31918705 PMCID: PMC6953221 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02208-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies show that cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide (CARTPT) gene polymorphism modifies diet-obesity relationships. However, the interaction between CARTPT gene polymorphism and diet quality indices have not been investigated yet. The current study was aimed to evaluate the interaction between major dietary indices including Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and CARTPT gene rs2239670 variants among apparently healthy obese Iranians. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out by employing 288 apparently healthy obese adults aged 20-50 years with a BMI of 30-40 kg/m2. Diet quality was evaluated by Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) using a 132-items semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. The CARTPT gene rs2239670 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Blood concentrations of glycemic markers, lipid profile, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) were also measured. ANCOVA multivariate interaction model was used to analyze gene-diet interactions. RESULTS The significant interactions were identified between CARTPT gene polymorphism and HEI, affecting BMR (PInteraction = 0.003), serum glucose (PInteraction = 0.009) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL concentrations (PInteraction = 0.03) after adjusting for the effects of sex and age. Also we found gene-diet interaction between CARTPT genotypes and DQI-I in terms of fat mass (FM; PInteraction = 0.02), waist circumference (WC; PInteraction < 0.001), body mass index (BMI; PInteraction < 0.001), basal metabolic rate (BMR, PInteraction < 0.001), serum fasting glucose (PInteraction < 0.01) and AgRP (PInteraction = 0.05) in individuals even after adjusting for potential confounders. CONCLUSION Current study showed the effects of interaction between CARTPT genotype with adherence to HEI and DQI-I scores on obesity-related anthropometric and metabolic risk-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Attar-Neishabouri Ave, Golgasht St, Tabriz, 5165665931, Iran.
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Li YH, Wen K, Zhu LL, Lv SK, Cao Q, Li Q, Deng L, Chen T, Wang X, Deng KY, Wang LF, Xin HB. Tautomerase Activity-Lacking of the Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Alleviates the Inflammation and Insulin Tolerance in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:134. [PMID: 32265835 PMCID: PMC7098947 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has multiple intrinsic enzymatic activities of the dopachrome/phenylpyruvate tautomerase and thiol protein oxidoreductase, and plays an important role in the development of obesity as a pro-inflammatory cytokine. However, which enzymatic activity of MIF is responsible for regulating in obesity are still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the roles of the tautomerase of MIF in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity using MIF tautomerase activity-lacking (MIFP1G/P1G) mice. Our results showed that the serum MIF and the expression of MIF in adipose tissue were increased in HFD-treated mice compared with normal diet fed mice. The bodyweights were significantly reduced in MIFP1G/P1G mice compared with WT mice fed with HFD. The sizes of adipocytes were smaller in MIFP1G/P1G mice compared with WT mice fed with HFD using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. In addition, the MIFP1G/P1G mice reduced the macrophage infiltration, seen as the decreases of the expression of inflammatory factors such as F4/80, IL-1β, TNFα, MCP1, and IL-6. The glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) assays showed that the glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were markedly improved, and the expressions of IRS and PPARγ were upregulated in adipose tissue from MIFP1G/P1G mice fed with HFD. Furthermore, we observed that the expressions of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein, and the cleaved caspase 3-positive cells in white tissues were decreased and the ratio of Bcl2/Bax was increased in MIFP1G/P1G mice compared with WT mice. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the tautomerase activity-lacking of MIF significantly alleviated the HFD-induced obesity and adipose tissue inflammation, and improved insulin resistance in MIFP1G/P1G mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Basic Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke Wen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Ling Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Lv
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qing Cao
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qian Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Libin Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ke-Yu Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ling-Fang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Fang Wang
| | - Hong-Bo Xin
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Hong-Bo Xin ;
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Lee Y, Yang H, Hur G, Yu J, Park S, Kim JH, Yoon Park JH, Shin HS, Kim JE, Lee KW. 5-(3',4'-Dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone, a metabolite of procyanidins in cacao, suppresses MDI-induced adipogenesis by regulating cell cycle progression through direct inhibition of CDK2/cyclin O. Food Funct 2019; 10:2958-2969. [PMID: 31073569 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00334g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cacao (Theobroma cacao) has a significant polyphenol content and has been reported to elicit anti-obesity effects. Previous studies have focused on the properties of cacao extract and procyanidins, while the potential mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of procyanidin metabolites on adipogenic cocktail-induced adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. It was observed that 5-(3',4'-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone (DHPV), a major procyanidin metabolite, exhibited the greatest inhibitory effects on adipogenesis and lipogenesis. DHPV dose-dependently reduced the expression levels of proteins involved in adipogenesis including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) and CCAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBP α), as well as lipogenesis-related factors such as fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase. These inhibitory effects were primarily due to G1 phase arrest and the suppression of cell proliferation during mitotic clonal expansion, the early stage of adipogenesis. In an extensive kinase array, DHPV directly suppressed activation of the CDK2/cyclin O complex, and inhibited the phosphorylation of C/EBP β, which is responsible for the induction of PPAR γ and C/EBP α. Taken together, these findings suggest that DHPV is a highly biologically active compound with potential anti-obesity effects and works by inhibiting the intracellular lipid content and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghyun Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ashe MC, Michalowski VI, Chudyk AM, Gerstorf D, Madden KM, Hoppmann CA. Linked Lives: Exploring Gender and Sedentary Behaviors in Older Adult Couples. J Appl Gerontol 2019; 39:1106-1114. [PMID: 31441353 DOI: 10.1177/0733464819868060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We explored associations between co-habiting partners for sedentary behavior (type and time, via accelerometry and self-report), gender, and a surrogate health measure (inflammatory biomarker: C-reactive protein, CRP). Methods: Participants completed activity questionnaires and the Timed Up and Go (mobility), wore an accelerometer for 7 days, and provided samples for high-sensitivity (hs) CRP. We used multilevel modeling (partners within couples) to investigate associations between independent variables and (a) sedentary behavior and (b) hsCRP. Results: 112 couples (50% women) provided sedentary data and hsCRP. Sedentary behavior was significantly correlated (r = .440, p < .001) between women and men, but there were significant differences in sedentary time (women < men) and light activity (women > men). Gender, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and mobility estimated 37% of the modeled variance in sedentary time, while body mass index (BMI) and MVPA estimated 10% of the modeled variance in hsCRP. Discussion: Despite differences in how activity was accumulated, there were no significant differences between women's and men's health biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen C Ashe
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Anna M Chudyk
- University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Manitoba SPOR Primary and Integrated Healthcare Innovation Network, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Kenneth M Madden
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christiane A Hoppmann
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia
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Li C, Yan S, He W, Yang S, Sun J, Gu N. Real-time Temperature Measurements of HMEC-1 Cells during Inflammation Production and Repair detected by Wireless Thermometry. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:1898-1904. [PMID: 30418879 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2880740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell inflammation process is reflected through real-time in situ cellular temperature changes. METHODS A wireless thermometry system for in situ cellular temperature measurements was used in an incubator to detect the HMEC-1 cellular temperature under lipopolysaccharide inflammation production and norepinephrine for inflammation repair. Combining the changes in cell viability, inflammatory factor levels and ATP content caused by different lipopolysaccharide or norepinephrine doses, an obvious inflammatory response and repair effect was obtained. Temperature variations were correlated with ATP content. RESULTS An obvious inflammatory response with a lipopolysaccharide concentration of 0.1 mg/L and an optimal repair effect with 1 μM norepinephrine were obtained. The relationship between temperature changes and ATP content were quite different during the production of inflammation in HMEC-1 cells, having an approximately linear relationship, while under conditions of inflammation repair in HMEC-1 cells, there was an obvious nonlinear relationship. CONCLUSION During cell damage, cell thermogenesis has a linear correlation with intracellular energy. While during cell repair, there is a gradual saturation relationship between the temperature (small range) and ATP, which may be because the thermogenesis capacity of the cell is enhanced compared to conditions during cell energy storage. Additionally, there is an optimal drug concentration for cell action during cell injury and cell repair, which is not dose-dependent. SIGNIFICANCE Whether in inflammation production or treatment, there is an optimal drug concentration. The relationship between cell thermogenesis and intracellular energy reserves is related to cell processes. Quick analysis of the energy changes in different physiological process can be realized.
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19
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Liu Y, Ding Z. Obesity, a serious etiologic factor for male subfertility in modern society. Reproduction 2017; 154:R123-R131. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, defined as excessive accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, is a metabolic disorder resulting from behavioral, environmental and heritable causes. Obesity increases the risks of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, osteoarthritis and cancer. Meanwhile, the negative impact of obesity on male reproduction is gradually recognized. According to the clinical investigations and animal experiments, obesity is correlated with reductions in sperm concentration and motility, increase in sperm DNA damage and changes in reproductive hormones. Several mechanisms can elucidate the effects of obesity on sperm functions and male subfertility, i.e., the excessive conversion of androgens into estrogens in redundant adipose tissue causes sexual hormone imbalance, subsequently resulting in hypogonadism. Secondly, adipokines produced by adipose tissue induce severe inflammation and oxidative stress in male reproductive tract, directly impairing testicular and epididymal tissues. Moreover, increased scrotal adiposity leads to increase gonadal heat, continuously hurting spermatogenesis. Therefore, obesity alters the systematic and regional environment crucial for spermatogenesis in testis and sperm maturation in epididymis, and finally results in poor sperm quality including decreased sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology and acrosome reaction, changed membrane lipids and increased DNA damage. Furthermore, recent studies indicate that epigenetic changes may be a consequence of increased adiposity. A major effort to identify epigenetic determinants of obesity revealed that sperm DNA methylation and non-coding RNA modification are associated with BMI changes and proposed to inherit metabolic comorbidities across generations. This review will explain how obesity-related changes in males to influence sperm function and male fertility as well.
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20
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Anthropometric indicators as predictors of total body fat and cardiometabolic risk factors in Chilean children at 4, 7 and 10 years of age. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:536-543. [PMID: 27827399 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE To compare the association between anthropometric indicators of global and central obesity as predictors of total body fat (TBF) and cardiometabolic risk factors in children. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 1044 children were evaluated at 4 years (n=320), 7 years (n=1044) and 10 years (n=483). The following anthropometric indices were determined: body mass index (BMI) for age (BAZ, WHO), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). To estimate TBF we used validated predictive equations. We measured blood sample concentrations of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL), adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). RESULTS Adiposity and cardiometabolic markers, particularly those related to glucose metabolism increased from 4 years to 10 years. BAZ and WC were highly correlated to body fat at all ages (all r>0.8) but at 10 years WC was more strongly correlated than BAZ (r=0.94 WC vs r=0.88 BAZ, P<0.05); conversely, WHtR was significantly associated with body fat from 7 years (r=0.85) and 10 years (r=0.88). WHR was unrelated all over the period studied at all ages. Anthropometrical adiposity indicators became associated to cardiometabolic markers only from 7 years on with associations being slightly higher at 10 years, particularly for adiponectin and lipid markers. At all ages, BAZ, WC and WHtR performed similarly as cardiometabolic markers (P<0.05) while WHR was a slightly weaker marker. CONCLUSIONS Relationship between anthropometrical indicators of adiposity and cardiometabolic markers becomes stronger from 7 years onwards; BAZ, WC and WHtR perform similarly as markers of cardiometabolic risk at least until 10 years of age.
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Zhou YE, Buchowski MS, Liu J, Schlundt DG, Ukoli FAM, Blot WJ, Hargreaves MK. Plasma Lycopene Is Associated with Pizza and Pasta Consumption in Middle-Aged and Older African American and White Adults in the Southeastern USA in a Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161918. [PMID: 27583358 PMCID: PMC5008825 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of dietary lycopene in chronic disease prevention is not well known. METHODS This study examined intake of lycopene and other antioxidants from lycopene-rich foods (e.g., pizza and pasta) simultaneously with plasma levels of lycopene and other antioxidants in a representative cross-sectional sample (187 Blacks, 182 Whites, 40-79 years old) from the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS). The SCCS is an ongoing study conducted in populations at high risk for chronic diseases living in Southeastern United States. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and plasma levels of lycopene and other antioxidants were measured at baseline (2002-2005). The participants were classified into tertiles according to consumption of pizza and pasta food groups. RESULTS Lycopene dietary intake and plasma lycopene concentrations were significantly higher in the highest (tertile 3) compared to tertiles 1 and 2 (both P < 0.01). Total energy intake ranged from 1964.3 ± 117.1 kcal/day (tertile 1) to 3277.7 ± 115.8 kcal/day (tertile 3) (P<0.0001). After adjusting for age and energy intake, total dietary fat, saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, and sodium intakes were significantly higher in tertile 3 than tertiles 2 and 1 (all P <0.01). Vitamin C intake was significantly lower in tertile 3 than tertiles 1 and 2 (P = 0.003). Except for γ-tocopherol being higher in tertile 3 than tertiles 1 and 2 (P = 0.015), the plasma concentrations of antioxidants were lower in tertile 3 than tertiles 1 and 2 (β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin, all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the SCCS population, pizza and pasta were the main sources of dietary lycopene and their intake was associated with plasma lycopene concentration. Diets with frequent pizza and pasta consumption were high in energy, saturated fatty acids, trans-fatty acids, sodium and low in other antioxidants. Future studies of lycopene as a protective dietary factor against chronic disease should consider the overall nutritional quality of lycopene-containing foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan E. Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, United States of America
| | - Maciej S. Buchowski
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, United States of America
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, United States of America
| | - David G. Schlundt
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37240, United States of America
| | - Flora A. M. Ukoli
- Department of Surgery, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, United States of America
| | - William J. Blot
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, United States of America
| | - Margaret K. Hargreaves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, United States of America
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Increased BMR in overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes may result from an increased fat-free mass. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 36:59-63. [PMID: 26838741 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-016-1542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the relationships between the basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body composition of overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This cross-sectional clinical study enrolled 193 Chinese adults with type 2 DM who were overweight (24 kg/m(2)=BMI≤28 kg/m(2), n=99), or obese (BMI ≥28 kg/m(2), n=94). Ninety-seven adults with normal BMIs, including 50 DM patients and 47 healthy adults, were recruited as a control group. BMR was measured by indirect calorimetry; predicted BMR was calculated according to the Schofield equation; and the relationships between BMR, body composition, and biochemical results were determined by the Pearson correlation. The results showed that obese DM patients had significantly higher BMRs than both overweight patients (P<0.05) and patients with normal BMI did (P<0.05). The measured BMR was significantly lower than the predicted BMR (P<0.05) in all groups. Obese and overweight DM patients had significantly greater weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI, body surface area, body fat percentage, fat mass, and fat-free mass than patients with normal BMI. Except for waist circumference, these body composition measurements were significantly increased in obese DM patients when compared with those in overweight DM patients (P<0.05). Fat-free mass was closely correlated with BMR in both DM patients (r=0.874, P<0.01) and in healthy controls (r=0.902, P<0.01). It was concluded that overweight and obese Chinese adults with type 2 DM had increased BMRs compared with normal-weight controls, which may result from the difference in fat-free mass.
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Indumathy J, Pal GK, Pal P, Ananthanarayanan PH, Parija SC, Balachander J, Dutta TK. Decreased baroreflex sensitivity is linked to sympathovagal imbalance, body fat mass and altered cardiometabolic profile in pre-obesity and obesity. Metabolism 2015; 64:1704-14. [PMID: 26454717 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Though decreased baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), the predictor of cardiac morbidities and mortality has been reported in obesity, the mechanisms and metabolic biomarkers influencing BRS have not been studied. We aimed to assess the difference in cardiovascular (CV) risk profile in pre-obesity and obesity, and the contribution of body composition and cardiometabolic factors to CV risks in these two conditions. METHODS Obesity indices, body composition, blood pressure variability and autonomic function test parameters were recorded in 223 subjects divided into controls (n=72), pre-obese (n=77) and obese (n=74) groups. Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), atherogenic index (AI), leptin, adiponectin, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were measured. Association and independent contribution of altered cardiometabolic parameters with BRS were performed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analysis, respectively. RESULTS BRS was significantly decreased in pre-obese and obese group compared to controls. Sympathovagal imbalance (SVI) in the form of increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic cardiac drives was observed in pre-obesity and obesity. There was significant difference in general markers of obesity (body mass index, and waist-to-hip ratio), between pre-obese and obese group, however no such difference was observed in body composition and cardiometabolic parameters between the two groups. AI, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and ratio of basal metabolism to body fat (BM/BF) in pre-obese group, and AI, HOMA-IR, leptin, adiponectin, ratio of basal metabolism to body weight (BM/BW), BM/BF, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in obese group had independent contribution to BRS. Among these metabolic biomarkers, BRS had maximum association with leptin (β=0.532, p=0.000) in the obese group and hs-CRP (β=0.445, p=0.022) in the pre-obese group. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates decreased BRS, an important marker of increased CV risk in pre-obesity and obesity. The intensity of cardiometabolic derangements and CV risk was comparable between pre-obese and obese subjects. BM/BF ratio appears to be a better marker of metabolic activity in pre-obesity and obesity. SVI and increased basal metabolism appear to be the physiological link between metabolic derangements and CV risks in both pre-obesity and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeeswaran Indumathy
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006
| | - Gopal Krushna Pal
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006.
| | - Pravati Pal
- Department of Physiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Post-graduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry 605 006
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Bergström G, Berglund G, Blomberg A, Brandberg J, Engström G, Engvall J, Eriksson M, de Faire U, Flinck A, Hansson MG, Hedblad B, Hjelmgren O, Janson C, Jernberg T, Johnsson Å, Johansson L, Lind L, Löfdahl CG, Melander O, Östgren CJ, Persson A, Persson M, Sandström A, Schmidt C, Söderberg S, Sundström J, Toren K, Waldenström A, Wedel H, Vikgren J, Fagerberg B, Rosengren A. The Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage Study: objectives and design. J Intern Med 2015; 278:645-59. [PMID: 26096600 PMCID: PMC4744991 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiopulmonary diseases are major causes of death worldwide, but currently recommended strategies for diagnosis and prevention may be outdated because of recent changes in risk factor patterns. The Swedish CArdioPulmonarybioImage Study (SCAPIS) combines the use of new imaging technologies, advances in large-scale 'omics' and epidemiological analyses to extensively characterize a Swedish cohort of 30 000 men and women aged between 50 and 64 years. The information obtained will be used to improve risk prediction of cardiopulmonary diseases and optimize the ability to study disease mechanisms. A comprehensive pilot study in 1111 individuals, which was completed in 2012, demonstrated the feasibility and financial and ethical consequences of SCAPIS. Recruitment to the national, multicentre study has recently started.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Berglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Blomberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Division of Medicine/Respiratory Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Brandberg
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - G Engström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Engvall
- Department of Clinical Physiology, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Eriksson
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - U de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Flinck
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M G Hansson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Hjelmgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - T Jernberg
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Å Johnsson
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Johansson
- Department of Radiology, Oncology and Radiation Science, Unit of Radiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L Lind
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C-G Löfdahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - O Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - C J Östgren
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Persson
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Radiology in Linkoping, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - A Sandström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - C Schmidt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Söderberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Heart Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Sundström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala Clinical Research Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Toren
- Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Waldenström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Thoracic Center, Umeå University Hospital, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - H Wedel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Vikgren
- Department of Radiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Fagerberg
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Oh B, Cho B, Han MK, Choi H, Lee MN, Kang HC, Lee CH, Yun H, Kim Y. The Effectiveness of Mobile Phone-Based Care for Weight Control in Metabolic Syndrome Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2015; 3:e83. [PMID: 26293568 PMCID: PMC4705013 DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.4222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overweight and obesity, due to a Westernized diet and lack of exercise, are serious global problems that negatively affect not only personal health, but national economies as well. To solve these problems, preventative-based approaches should be taken rather than medical treatments after the occurrence of disease. The improvement of individual life habits, through continuous care, is thus a paramount, long-term treatment goal. This study describes the effects of ubiquitous health care (uHealth care) or SmartCare services in the treatment of weight loss and obesity. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of SmartCare services on weight loss compared to the effects of existing outpatient treatments in obese patients with metabolic syndrome. Methods Metabolic syndrome patients who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study and randomized into an intervention or control group. The intervention group was provided with remote monitoring and health care services in addition to the existing treatment. The control group was provided with only the existing treatment. Pedometers were given to all of the patients. Additionally, mobile phones and body composition monitors were provided to the intervention group while body weight scales were provided to the control group. The patients visited the hospitals at 12 and 24 weeks following the baseline examination to receive efficacy and safety evaluations. Results Mean weight reduction from baseline to week 24 was measured as a primary efficacy evaluation parameter and was found to be 2.21 kg (SD 3.60) and 0.77 kg (SD 2.77) in the intervention and control group, respectively. The intervention group had a larger decrement compared to the control group (P<.001). Among the secondary efficacy evaluation parameters, body mass index (BMI) (P<.001), body fat rate (P=.001), decrement of waist measurement (P<.001), and diet habit (P=.012) improvement ratings from baseline to week 24 were found to be superior in the intervention group compared with the control group. The proportion of patients whose body weight decreased by ≥10%, lipid profiles, blood pressure, prevalence of metabolic syndrome, change in the number of metabolic syndrome elements, smoking rate, drinking rate, and physical activity were not statistically significant between the groups. Conclusions The efficacy of SmartCare services was confirmed as the intervention group that received both SmartCare services and the existing treatment had superior results compared with the control group that only received the existing treatment. Importantly, no specific problems with respect to safety concerns were observed. SmartCare service is thus an effective way to control the weight of obese patients with metabolic syndrome. Trial Registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01344811; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01344811 (Archived by Webcite at http://www.webcitation.org/6alT2MmIB)
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumjo Oh
- SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Department of Family Medicine & Center for Health Promotion, Seoul, Republic Of Korea
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Sánchez I, Reynoso-Camacho R, Salgado LM. The diet-induced metabolic syndrome is accompanied by whole-genome epigenetic changes. GENES AND NUTRITION 2015; 10:471. [PMID: 25998092 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-015-0471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Consuming a high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFD) starting at a young age leads to the development of obesity and to the progression of metabolic syndrome (MS). We are interested in the relationship between MS and DNA methylation as a mediator of the metabolic memory and the early appearance of these diseases in the progeny. To this end, Wistar rats were fed a HFD for 1 year, and every 12 weeks, biochemical analyses were performed. After 24 weeks, animals fed the HFD showed alterations related to MS such as elevated blood levels of fasting glucose, triglycerides, and insulin compared with their littermate controls. During the experimental period, the control females exhibited a 40 % lower 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) level compared to the control males. The HFD affected the 5-mC levels in males and females differently. The HFD induced a 20 % decrease in the 5-mC levels in males and a 15 % increase in females. We found that the HFD induces an early presentation of MS in the progeny of treated animals and that the DNA methylation was altered in the F1 generation. The presentation of MS is positively associated with changes in the global percentage of 5-mC in the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irais Sánchez
- CICATA-IPN, CICATA-QRO, National Polytecnic Institute, Cerro Blanco No. 141, Col. Colinas del Cimatario CP, 76090, Queretaro, QRO, Mexico
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27
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Park DC, Yeo JH, Ryu IY, Kim SH, Jung J, Yeo SG. Differences in taste detection thresholds between normal-weight and obese young adults. Acta Otolaryngol 2015; 135:478-83. [PMID: 25739740 DOI: 10.3109/00016489.2014.975370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION Compared with normal-weight individuals, obese young adults exhibited a significantly higher taste threshold for salty taste. Smoking also affected taste functions in this population. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in taste detection thresholds between normal-weight and obese young adults. METHODS Taste threshold was measured using electrogustometry (EGM) and chemically with sucrose, NaCl, citric acid, and quinine hydrochloride in 41 volunteers in their twenties, 23 with body mass index (BMI) <23 kg/m(2) (normal-weight group) and 18 with BMI >25 kg/m(2) (obese group). RESULTS BMI was significantly higher in the obese than in the normal-weight group (p < 0.05). The obese group exhibited significantly higher EGM thresholds than the normal-weight group on the right (p < 0.05) and left (p < 0.05) posterior tongue. In chemical taste tests, the obese group had higher thresholds for sweet, salty, sour, and bitter tastes than the normal-weight group, although the difference in threshold was significant only for salty taste (p < 0.05). Smoking had an impact on taste threshold, with smokers having higher thresholds than non-smokers, with significantly higher EGM thresholds on the right anterior and posterior and the left anterior tongue (p < 0.05 each).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Choon Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, School of Medicine , Suwon
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28
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Six-month intragastric balloon treatment for obesity improves lung function, body composition, and metabolic syndrome. Obes Surg 2014; 24:232-40. [PMID: 23949905 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-1061-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to establish whether the use of an intragastric balloon (IGB) for 6 months improves lung function, metabolic parameters, and body fat distribution in patients with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS This is a longitudinal and interventional study on 40 adults, whose anthropometric, laboratory, and lung function parameters were assessed and who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) before implantation and after removal of IGB. RESULTS The total lung capacity (TLC) (p = 0.0001), functional residual capacity (FRC) (p = 0.0001), residual volume (p = 0.0005), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) (p = 0.0001) were significantly reduced by IGB. The body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased from a median of 39.1 kg/m(2) at the beginning of the study to 34.5 kg/m(2) at the end of the 6-month period (p = 0.0001). At the end of the study, 31 participants (77.5%) no longer met the diagnostic criteria of MS. The percentage of truncal, android, gynoid, and total fat investigated by DXA exhibited significant reductions (p = 0.0001). Significant correlations were found between delta TLC and delta waist circumference (ρ = -0.34; p = 0.03), delta FRC and delta IMC (ρ = -0.39; p = 0.01), delta ERV and delta BMI (ρ = -0.44; p = 0.005), and delta ERV and delta high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (ρ = -0.37; p = 0.02). Significant correlations were also found between delta ERV and delta truncal (ρ = -0.51; p = 0.004), android (ρ = -0.46; p = 0.01), gynoid (ρ = -0.55; p = 0.001), and total fat (ρ = -0.59; p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS IGB efficiently induced weight loss and promoted the improvement of lung function parameters, with a reduction of the restrictive ventilatory defect. It also promoted improvements of MS and the pattern of body fat distribution.
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Shukla KK, Chambial S, Dwivedi S, Misra S, Sharma P. Recent scenario of obesity and male fertility. Andrology 2014; 2:809-18. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. K. Shukla
- Department of Biochemistry; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | - S. Chambial
- Department of Biochemistry; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | - S. Dwivedi
- Department of Biochemistry; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | - S. Misra
- Department of Surgical Oncology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Jodhpur Rajasthan India
| | - P. Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry; All India Institute of Medical Sciences; Jodhpur Rajasthan India
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Vergara FV, Bustos ED, Marques LL, Flores LV, Gonzalez AA, Argote RB. The four-compartment model of body composition in obese Chilean schoolchildren, by pubertal stage: comparison with simpler models. Nutrition 2014; 30:305-12. [PMID: 24484681 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the agreement of body fat and fat-free mass measured by simpler methods against the four-compartment model (4C). METHODS In 60 obese schoolchildren (body mass index ≥95th percentile) between the ages of 8 and 13 y who were recruited from one school in Chile, multicompartmental body composition was estimated with the use of isotopic dilution, plethysmography (BodPod), radiographic absorptiometry (DEXA), and anthropometric equations. These results were compared to those of the 4C model, which is considered the gold standard. RESULTS For body fat, the 4C model showed the best agreement with DEXA for boys in Tanner stages I and II (r = 0.971) and with isotopic dilution for boys in Tanner stages III and IV (r = 0.984). The best agreement in girls occurred with isotopic dilution, regardless of pubertal stage (r = 0.948 for Tanner stages I and II; r = 0.978 for Tanner stages III and IV). Both isotopic dilution and the Huang, Ellis, and Deurenberg anthropometric equations underestimated body fat in boys; by contrast, DEXA, BodPod, and the Slaughter equation overestimated body fat in boys. All of the equations underestimated body fat in girls. For fat-free mass in both boys and girls, the 4C model showed the best agreement with isotopic dilution, regardless of pubertal stage. The Huang equation showed the best agreement for boys (r = 0.730 for Tanner stages I and II; r = 0.695 for Tanner stages III and IV) and for girls in Tanner stages I and II (r = 0.884). The Ellis equation had the best agreement for girls in Tanner stages III and IV (r = 0.917). CONCLUSIONS For obese Chilean children of both sexes, isotopic dilution and DEXA were the two-compartment methods that had the best agreement with the gold-standard 4C model for both body fat and fat-free mass; these were followed by the Huang and Ellis anthropometric equations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Vasquez Vergara
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Erik Diaz Bustos
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lydia Lera Marques
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Tripathi YB, Pandey N. Carbimazole inhibits TNF-α expression in Fat-induced hypothyroidism. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2014; 13:83. [PMID: 25258706 PMCID: PMC4174658 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-014-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the carbimazole on expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in liver, was investigated in an experimental model of high fat diet (HFD) induced obesity. The HFD (orally given for 4 months) induced TNF-α in liver tissue along with raised serum triglyceride (TG), cholesterol and high TSH (62%). In carbimazole (1 mg/100 gbw) treatment, the induction of TNF-α was significantly inhibited, without affecting other parameters. It also improved the liver function, which was raised due to HFD in experimental control rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamani Bhusan Tripathi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
| | - Nidhi Pandey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005 India
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Nie JX, Ardern CI. Association between obesity and cardiometabolic health risk in Asian-Canadian sub-groups. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107548. [PMID: 25222283 PMCID: PMC4164624 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To quantify and compare the association between the World Health Organizations’ Asian-specific trigger points for public health action [‘increased risk’: body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m2, and; ‘high risk’: BMI ≥27.5 kg/m2] with self-reported cardiovascular-related conditions in Asian-Canadian sub-groups. Methods Six cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (2001–2009) were pooled to examine BMI and health in Asian sub-groups (South Asians, Chinese, Filipino, Southeast Asians, Arabs, West Asians, Japanese and Korean; N = 18 794 participants, ages 18–64 y). Multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for demographic, lifestyle characteristics and acculturation measures, was used to estimate the odds of cardiovascular-related health (high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, ‘at least one cardiometabolic condition’) outcomes across all eight Asian sub-groups. Results Compared to South Asians (OR = 1.00), Filipinos had higher odds of having ‘at least one cardiometabolic condition’ (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.04–1.62), whereas Chinese (0.63, 0.474–0.9) and Arab-Canadians had lower odds (0.38, 0.28–0.51). In ethnic-specific analyses (with ‘acceptable’ risk weight as the referent), ‘increased’ and ‘high’ risk weight categories were the most highly associated with ‘at least one cardiometabolic condition’ in Chinese (‘increased’: 3.6, 2.34–5.63; ‘high’: 8.9, 3.6–22.01). Compared to normal weight South Asians, being in the ‘high’ risk weight category in all but the Southeast Asian, Arab, and Japanese ethnic groups was associated with approximately 3-times the likelihood of having ‘at least one cardiometabolic condition’. Conclusion Differences in the association between obesity and cardiometabolic health risks were seen among Asian sub-groups in Canada. The use of WHO’s lowered Asian-specific BMI cut-offs identified obesity-related risks in South Asian, Filipino and Chinese sub-groups that would have been masked by traditional BMI categories. These findings have implications for public health messaging, especially for ethnic groups at higher odds of obesity-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason X. Nie
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Bethune College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris I. Ardern
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Bethune College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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White adipose tissue resilience to insulin deprivation and replacement. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106214. [PMID: 25170835 PMCID: PMC4149534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adipocyte size and body fat distribution are strongly linked to the metabolic complications of obesity. The aim of the present study was to test the plasticity of white adipose tissue in response to insulin deprivation and replacement. We have characterized the changes of adipose cell size repartition and gene expressions in type 1 diabetes Sprague-Dawley rats and type 1 diabetic supplemented with insulin. Methods Using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes, we induced rapid changes in rat adipose tissue weights to study the changes in the distribution of adipose cell sizes in retroperitoneal (rWAT), epididymal (eWAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (scWAT). Adipose tissue weights of type 1 diabetic rats were then rapidly restored by insulin supplementation. Cell size distributions were analyzed using multisizer IV (Beckman Coulter). Cell size changes were correlated to transcriptional regulation of genes coding for proteins involved in lipid and glucose metabolisms and adipocytokines. Results The initial body weight of the rats was 465±5.2 g. Insulin privation was stopped when rats lost 100 g which induced reductions in fat mass of 68% for rWAT, 42% for eWAT and 59% for scWAT corresponding to decreased mode cell diameters by 31.1%, 20%, 25.3%, respectively. The most affected size distribution by insulin deprivation was observed in rWAT. The bimodal distribution of adipose cell sizes disappeared in response to insulin deprivation in rWAT and scWAT. The most important observation is that cell size distribution returned close to control values in response to insulin treatment. mRNAs coding for adiponectin, leptin and apelin were more stimulated in scWAT compared to other depots in diabetic plus insulin group. Conclusion Fat depots have specific responses to insulin deprivation and supplementation. The results show that insulin is a major determinant of bimodal cell repartition in adipose tissues.
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The prothrombotic paradox of severe obesity after cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Thromb Res 2014; 134:346-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Impact of high dietary lipid intake and related metabolic disorders on the abundance and acyl composition of the unique mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2014; 46:447-57. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-014-9555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Rothschild J, Hoddy KK, Jambazian P, Varady KA. Time-restricted feeding and risk of metabolic disease: a review of human and animal studies. Nutr Rev 2014; 72:308-18. [PMID: 24739093 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Time-restricted feeding (TRF), a key component of intermittent fasting regimens, has gained considerable attention in recent years. TRF allows ad libitum energy intake within controlled time frames, generally a 3-12 hour range each day. The impact of various TRF regimens on indicators of metabolic disease risk has yet to be investigated. Accordingly, the objective of this review was to summarize the current literature on the effects of TRF on body weight and markers of metabolic disease risk (i.e., lipid, glucoregulatory, and inflammatory factors) in animals and humans. Results from animal studies show TRF to be associated with reductions in body weight, total cholesterol, and concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, insulin, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor-α as well as with improvements in insulin sensitivity. Human data support the findings of animal studies and demonstrate decreased body weight (though not consistently), lower concentrations of triglycerides, glucose, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These preliminary findings show promise for the use of TRF in modulating a variety of metabolic disease risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Rothschild
- School of Kinesiology and Nutritional Science, California State University, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Rosenbohm A, Süssmuth SD, Kassubek J, Müller HP, Pontes C, Abicht A, Bulst S, Ludolph AC, Pinkhardt E. Novel ETFDH mutation and imaging findings in an adult with glutaric aciduria type II. Muscle Nerve 2014; 49:446-50. [PMID: 23893693 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glutaric aciduria type II (GAII) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with variable clinical course. The disorder is caused by a defect in the mitochondrial electron transfer flavoprotein or the electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH). METHODS We performed clinical characterization, brain and whole body MRI, muscle histopathology, and genetic analysis of the ETFDH gene in a young woman. RESULTS She presented with rhabdomyolysis and severe quadriparesis. We identified a novel homozygous missense mutation in ETFDH (c.1544G>T, p.Ser515Ile). Body fat MRI revealed a large amount of subcutaneous fat but no increase in visceral fat despite steatosis of liver and muscle. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of cerebral MRI revealed reduced directionality of the white matter tracts. Histopathological findings showed lipid storage myopathy. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we highlight diagnostic clues and body fat MRI in this rare metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Rosenbohm
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 45, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Kodavanti UP, Andrews D, Schladweiler MC, Gavett SH, Dodd DE, Cyphert JM. Early and delayed effects of naturally occurring asbestos on serum biomarkers of inflammation and metabolism. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:1024-1039. [PMID: 25072823 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.899171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Studies recently showed that intratracheal (IT) instillation of Libby amphibole (LA) increases circulating acute-phase proteins (APP; α-2 macroglobulin, A2M; and α-1 acid glycoprotein, AGP) and inflammatory biomarkers (osteopontin and lipocalin) in rats. In this study, objectives were to (1) compare changes in biomarkers of rats after instillation of different naturally occurring asbestos (NOA) minerals including LA, Sumas Mountain chrysotile (SM), El Dorado Hills tremolite (ED), and Ontario ferroactinolite cleavage fragments (ON), and (2) examine biomarkers after subchronic LA or amosite inhalation exposure. Rat-respirable fractions (aerodynamic diameter approximately 2.5 μm) prepared by water elutriation were delivered via a single IT instillation at doses of 0, 0.5, and 1.5 mg/rat in male F344 rats. Nose-only inhalation exposures were performed at 0, 1, 3.3, and 10 mg/m(3) for LA and at 3.3 mg /m(3) for amosite, 6h/d, 5 d/wk for 13 wk. Inflammation, metabolic syndrome, and cancer biomarkers were analyzed in the serum for up to 18 mo. IT instillation of some asbestos materials significantly increased serum AGP and A2M but to a varying degree (SM = LA > ON = ED). Numerical increases in interleukin (IL)-6 and osteopontin occurred in rats instilled with SM. SM and ED also elevated leptin and insulin at 15 mo, suggesting potential metabolic effects. LA inhalation tended to raise A2M at d 1 but not cytokines. Serum mesothelin appeared to elevate after 18 mo of LA inhalation. These results suggest that the lung injury induced by high levels of asbestos materials may be associated with systemic inflammatory changes and predisposition to insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila P Kodavanti
- a Cardiopulmonary and Immunotoxicology Branch, Environmental Public Health Division , National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Research Triangle Park , North Carolina , USA
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Prevention of diet-induced obesity in C57BL/BJ mice with addition of 2 % dietary green tea but not with cocoa or coffee to a high-fat diet. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12349-013-0137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Coon SD, Schwartz JH, Rajendran VM, Jepeal L, Singh SK. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide regulates dipeptide absorption in mouse jejunum. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 305:G678-84. [PMID: 24072682 PMCID: PMC3840233 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00098.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) secreted from jejunal mucosal K cells augments insulin secretion and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent studies, we have shown GIP directly activates Na-glucose cotransporter-1 (SGLT1) and enhances glucose absorption in mouse jejunum. It is not known whether GIP would also regulate other intestinal nutrient absorptive processes. The present study investigated the effect of GIP on proton-peptide cotransporter-1 (PepT1) that mediates di- and tripeptide absorption as well as peptidomimetic drugs. Immunohistochemistry studies localized both GIP receptor (GIPR) and PepT1 proteins on the basolateral and apical membranes of normal mouse jejunum, respectively. Anti-GIPR antibody detected 50-, 55-, 65-, and 70-kDa proteins, whereas anti-PepT1 detected a 70-kDa proteins in mucosal homogenates of mouse jejunum. RT-PCR analyses established the expression of GIPR- and PepT1-specific mRNA in mucosal cells of mouse jejunum. Absorption of Gly-Sar (a nondigestible dipeptide) measured under voltage-clamp conditions revealed that the imposed mucosal H(+) gradient-enhanced Gly-Sar absorption as an evidence for the presence of PepT1-mediated H(+):Gly-Sar cotransport on the apical membranes of mouse jejunum. H(+):Gly-Sar absorption was completely inhibited by cephalexin (a competitive inhibitor of PepT1) and was activated by GIP. The GIP-activated Gly-Sar absorption was completely inhibited by RP-cAMP (a cAMP antagonist). In contrast to GIP, the ileal L cell secreting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) did not affect the H(+):Gly-Sar absorption in mouse jejunum. We conclude from these observations that GIP, but not GLP-1, directly activates PepT1 activity by a cAMP-dependent signaling pathway in jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Coon
- 1Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; ,2Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts; ,3Boston University Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - John H. Schwartz
- 1Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts;
| | - Vazhaikkurichi M. Rajendran
- 4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Lisa Jepeal
- 1Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; ,2Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts;
| | - Satish K. Singh
- 1Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; ,2Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts;
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Loss of P2X7 nucleotide receptor function leads to abnormal fat distribution in mice. Purinergic Signal 2013; 10:291-304. [PMID: 24222214 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The P2X7 receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel expressed by a number of cell types. We have shown previously that disruption of P2X7 receptor function results in downregulation of osteogenic markers and upregulation of adipogenic markers in calvarial cell cultures. In the present study, we assessed whether loss of P2X7 receptor function results in changes to adipocyte distribution and lipid accumulation in vivo. Male P2X7 loss-of-function (KO) mice exhibited significantly greater body weight and epididymal fat pad mass than wild-type (WT) mice at 9 months of age. Fat pad adipocytes did not differ in size, consistent with adipocyte hyperplasia rather than hypertrophy. Histological examination revealed ectopic lipid accumulation in the form of adipocytes and/or lipid droplets in several non-adipose tissues of older male KO mice (9-12 months of age). Ectopic lipid was observed in kidney, extraorbital lacrimal gland and pancreas, but not in liver, heart or skeletal muscle. Specifically, lacrimal gland and pancreas from 12-month-old male KO mice had greater numbers of adipocytes in perivascular, periductal and acinar regions. As well, lipid droplets accumulated in the renal tubular epithelium and lacrimal acinar cells. Blood plasma analyses revealed diminished total cholesterol levels in 9- and 12-month-old male KO mice compared with WT controls. Interestingly, no differences were observed in female mice. Moreover, there were no significant differences in food consumption between male KO and WT mice. Taken together, these data establish novel in vivo roles for the P2X7 receptor in regulating adipogenesis and lipid metabolism in an age- and sex-dependent manner.
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Pazos P, Lima L, Casanueva FF, Diéguez C, García MC. Interleukin 6 deficiency modulates the hypothalamic expression of energy balance regulating peptides during pregnancy in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72339. [PMID: 24015235 PMCID: PMC3756067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is associated with hyperphagia, increased adiposity and multiple neuroendocrine adaptations. Maternal adipose tissue secretes rising amounts of interleukin 6 (IL6), which acts peripherally modulating metabolic function and centrally increasing energy expenditure and reducing body fat. To explore the role of IL6 in the central mechanisms governing dam's energy homeostasis, early, mid and late pregnant (gestational days 7, 13 and 18) wild-type (WT) and Il6 knockout mice (Il6-KO) were compared with virgin controls at diestrus. Food intake, body weight and composition as well as indirect calorimetry measurements were performed in vivo. Anabolic and orexigenic peptides: neuropeptide Y (Npy) and agouti-related peptide (Agrp); and catabolic and anorectic neuropeptides: proopiomelanocortin (Pomc), corticotrophin and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (Crh and Trh) mRNA levels were determined by in situ hybridization. Real time-PCR and western-blot were used for additional tissue gene expression and protein studies. Non-pregnant Il6-KO mice were leaner than WT mice due to a decrease in fat but not in lean body mass. Pregnant Il6-KO mice had higher fat accretion despite similar body weight gain than WT controls. A decreased fat utilization in absence of Il6 might explain this effect, as shown by increased respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in virgin Il6-KO mice. Il6 mRNA levels were markedly enhanced in adipose tissue but reduced in hypothalamus of mid and late pregnant WT mice. Trh expression was also stimulated at gestational day 13 and lack of Il6 blunted this effect. Conversely, in late pregnant mice lessened hypothalamic Il6 receptor alpha (Il6ra), Pomc and Crh mRNA were observed. Il6 deficiency during this stage up-regulated Npy and Agrp expression, while restoring Pomc mRNA levels to virgin values. Together these results demonstrate that IL6/IL6Ra system modulates Npy/Agrp, Pomc and Trh expression during mouse pregnancy, supporting a role of IL6 in the central regulation of body fat in this physiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Pazos
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Luis Lima
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F. Casanueva
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Laboratorio de Endocrinología Molecular y Celular, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - María C. García
- Department of Physiology/Research Center of Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CB06/03), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Fromm A, Thomassen L, Naess H, Meijer R, Eide GE, Kråkenes J, Vedeler CA, Gerdts E, Larsen TH, Kuiper KKJ, Laxdal E, Russell D, Tatlisumak T, Waje-Andreassen U. The Norwegian Stroke in the Young Study (NOR-SYS): rationale and design. BMC Neurol 2013; 13:89. [PMID: 23865483 PMCID: PMC3721997 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-13-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke in young adults is a major health problem being associated with a higher vascular morbidity and mortality compared to controls, and a stroke recurrence rate of 25% during the first decade. The assumed cause of infarction and the detected risk factors determine the early- and long-term treatment. However, for many patients the cause of stroke remains unknown. Risk factor profile and etiology differ in young and elderly ischemic stroke patients, and atherosclerosis is the determined underlying condition in 10 to 15%. However, subclinical atherosclerosis is probably more prevalent and may go unrecognized. METHODS/DESIGN NOR-SYS is a prospective long-term research program. Standardized methods are used for anamnestic, clinical, laboratory, imaging, and ultrasound data collection in ischemic stroke patients aged ≤60 years, their partners and joint adult offspring. The ultrasound protocol includes the assessment of intracranial, carotid and femoral arteries, abdominal aorta, and the estimation of VAT. To date, the study is a single centre study with approximately 400 patients, 250 partners and 350 adult offspring expected to be recruited at our site. DISCUSSION NOR-SYS aims to increase our knowledge about heredity and the development of arterial vascular disease in young patients with ischemic stroke and their families. Moreover, optimization of diagnostics, prophylaxis and early intervention are major targets with the intention to reduce stroke recurrence and other clinical arterial events, physical disability, cognitive impairment and death.
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Chen X, McClusky R, Itoh Y, Reue K, Arnold AP. X and Y chromosome complement influence adiposity and metabolism in mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:1092-104. [PMID: 23397033 PMCID: PMC3578992 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three different models of MF1 strain mice were studied to measure the effects of gonadal secretions and sex chromosome type and number on body weight and composition, and on related metabolic variables such as glucose homeostasis, feeding, and activity. The 3 genetic models varied sex chromosome complement in different ways, as follows: 1) "four core genotypes" mice, comprising XX and XY gonadal males, and XX and XY gonadal females; 2) the XY* model comprising groups similar to XO, XX, XY, and XXY; and 3) a novel model comprising 6 groups having XO, XX, and XY chromosomes with either testes or ovaries. In gonadally intact mice, gonadal males were heavier than gonadal females, but sex chromosome complement also influenced weight. The male/female difference was abolished by adult gonadectomy, after which mice with 2 sex chromosomes (XX or XY) had greater body weight and percentage of body fat than mice with 1 X chromosome. A second sex chromosome of either type, X or Y, had similar effects, indicating that the 2 sex chromosomes each possess factors that influence body weight and composition in the MF1 genetic background. Sex chromosome complement also influenced metabolic variables such as food intake and glucose tolerance. The results reveal a role for the Y chromosome in metabolism independent of testes and gonadal hormones and point to a small number of X-Y gene pairs with similar coding sequences as candidates for causing these effects.
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Bhattacharyya N. Associations between obesity and inflammatory sinonasal disorders. Laryngoscope 2013; 123:1840-4. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Bhattacharyya
- Division of Otolaryngology; Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Otology and Laryngology; Harvard Medical School; Boston; Massachusetts; U.S.A
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