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Hegde AR, Kunder MU, Narayanaswamy M, Murugesan S, Furtado SC, Veerabhadraiah BB, Srinivasan B. Advancements in sunscreen formulations: integrating polyphenolic nanocarriers and nanotechnology for enhanced UV protection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:38061-38082. [PMID: 38806984 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Sunscreens are essential in protecting the skin from harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR). These formulations, designed to absorb, block, or scatter UVR, offer vital protection against skin aging, sunburns, and the development of skin cancers like melanomas. However, some sunscreens, especially those containing organic/chemical compounds, can cause allergic reactions. To address this, researchers are extensively investigating formulations that incorporate plant extracts rich in polyphenols, such as flavonoids and carotenoids, which can be considered safer alternatives. Products derived from plants are commonly used in cosmetics to counteract skin aging due to their antioxidant activity that combat harmful free radicals. This review focuses on evaluating the advancements in chemical and natural sunscreens, exploring the integration of polyphenolic nanocarriers within sunscreen formulas, their interaction with UVR, and utilizing nanotechnology to enhance their effectiveness. An attempt has been made to highlight the concerns related to toxicity associated with their use and notable advancements in the regulatory aspects governing their utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathi Raju Hegde
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New B.E.L. Road, M.S.R. Nagar, M.S.R.I.T Post, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India.
| | - Manisha Uday Kunder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New B.E.L. Road, M.S.R. Nagar, M.S.R.I.T Post, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Megha Narayanaswamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New B.E.L. Road, M.S.R. Nagar, M.S.R.I.T Post, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Shruthi Murugesan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New B.E.L. Road, M.S.R. Nagar, M.S.R.I.T Post, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Sharon Caroline Furtado
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New B.E.L. Road, M.S.R. Nagar, M.S.R.I.T Post, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Basappa Veerabhadraiah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New B.E.L. Road, M.S.R. Nagar, M.S.R.I.T Post, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharath Srinivasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, New B.E.L. Road, M.S.R. Nagar, M.S.R.I.T Post, Bengaluru, 560054, Karnataka, India
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Mascarenhas-Melo F, Mathur A, Murugappan S, Sharma A, Tanwar K, Dua K, Singh SK, Mazzola PG, Yadav DN, Rengan AK, Veiga F, Paiva-Santos AC. Inorganic nanoparticles in dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic products: Properties, formulation development, toxicity, and regulatory issues. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 192:25-40. [PMID: 37739239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology strategies is a current hot topic, and research in this field has been growing significantly in the cosmetics industry. Inorganic nanoparticles stand out in this context for their distinctive physicochemical properties, leading in particular to an increased refractive index and absorption capacity giving them a broad potential for cutaneous applications and making them of special interest in research for dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic purposes. This performance is responsible for its heavy inclusion in the manufacture of skin health products such as sunscreens, lotions, beauty creams, skin ointments, makeup, and others. In particular, their suitable bandgap energy characteristics allow them to be used as photocatalytic semiconductors. They provide excellent UV absorption, commonly known as UV filters, and are responsible for their wide worldwide use in sunscreen formulations without the undesirable white residue after consumer application. In addition, cosmetics based on inorganic nanoparticles have several additional characteristics relevant to formulation development, such as being less expensive compared to other nanomaterials, having greater stability, and ensuring less irritation, itching, and propensity for skin allergies. This review will address in detail the main inorganic nanoparticles used in dermopharmaceutical and cosmetic products, such as titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, silver, gold, copper, and aluminum nanoparticles, nanocrystals, and quantum dots, reporting their physicochemical characteristics, but also their additional intrinsic properties that contribute to their use in this type of formulations. Safety issues regarding inorganic nanoparticles, based on toxicity studies, both to humans and the environment, as well as regulatory affairs associated with their use in dermopharmaceuticals and cosmetics, will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Mascarenhas-Melo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ankita Mathur
- Abode Biotec India Private Limited, Hyderbad, Telangana, India
| | - Sivasubramanian Murugappan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Arpana Sharma
- Department of Life Sciences, Mewar University, Gangrar, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | | | - Dokkari Nagalaxmi Yadav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Sangareddy, Telangana, India
| | - Francisco Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Campodoni E, Montanari M, Artusi C, Bergamini L, Bassi G, Destro E, Fenoglio I, Panseri S, Tampieri A, Sanson A, Sandri M. Biomineralization: A new tool for developing eco-sustainable Ti-doped hydroxyapatite-based hybrid UV filters. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213474. [PMID: 37207586 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that the prolonged exposure to UV radiation from sunlight can compromise human health and is particularly damaging to the skin, leading to sunburn, photo-aging and skin cancer. Sunscreen formulations containing UV-filters present a barrier against solar UV and help to mitigate the harmful effects however, concern about their safety for both human and environmental health is still a much-debated topic. EC regulations classify UV-filters depending on their chemical nature, particle size, and mechanism of action. Furthermore, it regulates their use in cosmetic products with specific limitations in terms of concentration (organic UV filters) and particle size and surface modification to reduce their photo-activity (mineral UV filters). The regulations have prompted researchers to identify new materials that show promise for use in sunscreens. In this work, biomimetic hybrid materials composed of titanium-doped hydroxyapatite (TiHA) grown on two different organic templates, derived from animal (gelatin - from pig skin) and vegetable (alginate - from algae) sources. These novel materials were developed and characterized to obtain sustainable UV-filters as a safer alternative for both human and ecosystem health. This 'biomineralization' process yielded TiHA nanoparticles that demonstrated high UV reflectance, low photoactivity, good biocompatibility and an aggregate morphology which prevents dermal penetration. The materials are safe for topical application and for the marine environment; moreover, they can protect organic sunscreen components from photodegradation and yield long-lasting protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Campodoni
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy.
| | - Margherita Montanari
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Artusi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Linda Bergamini
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Giada Bassi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Elena Destro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Ivana Fenoglio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Panseri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sanson
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy.
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Badalkhani O, Pires PC, Mohammadi M, Babaie S, Paiva-Santos AC, Hamishehkar H. Nanogel Containing Gamma-Oryzanol-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers and TiO 2/MBBT: A Synergistic Nanotechnological Approach of Potent Natural Antioxidants and Nanosized UV Filters for Skin Protection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050670. [PMID: 37242453 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The human skin is a recurring target of external aggressions, such as UV radiation, leading to exacerbation of the aging process and the occurrence of skin diseases, such as cancer. Hence, preventive measures should be taken to protect it against these aggressions, consequently decreasing the chance of disease development. In the present study, a topical xanthan gum nanogel containing gamma-oryzanol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and nanosized UV filters TiO2 and methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT) was developed to assess their synergistic potential in having multifunctional skin beneficial properties. The developed NLCs contained the natural-based solid lipids shea butter and beeswax, liquid lipid carrot seed oil, and the potent antioxidant gamma-oryzanol, with an optimum particle size for topical application (<150 nm), good homogeneity (PDI = 0.216), high zeta potential (-34.9 mV), suitable pH value (6), good physical stability, high encapsulation efficiency (90%), and controlled release. The final formulation, a nanogel containing the developed NLCs and the nano UV filters, showed high long-term storage stability and high photoprotection ability (SPF = 34) and resulted in no skin irritation or sensitization (rat model). Hence, the developed formulation showed good skin protection and compatibility, demonstrating promise as a new platform for the future generation of natural-based cosmeceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omolbanin Badalkhani
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
| | - Patrícia C Pires
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS-UBI), University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maryam Mohammadi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 6617715175, Iran
| | - Soraya Babaie
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166614756, Iran
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Group of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5165665811, Iran
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Li L, Chong L, Huang T, Ma Y, Li Y, Ding H. Natural products and extracts from plants as natural UV filters for sunscreens: A review. Animal Model Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Li
- School of Medical, Huanghe Science and Technology University Zhengzhou PR China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Activity Evaluation Zhengzhou China
| | - Lan Chong
- School of Medical, Huanghe Science and Technology University Zhengzhou PR China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Activity Evaluation Zhengzhou China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Medical, Huanghe Science and Technology University Zhengzhou PR China
| | - Yunge Ma
- Pharmacy College Henan University Kaifeng PR China
| | - Yingyan Li
- Pharmacy College Henan University Kaifeng PR China
| | - Hui Ding
- School of Medical, Huanghe Science and Technology University Zhengzhou PR China
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Hermund DB, Torsteinsen H, Vega J, Figueroa FL, Jacobsen C. Screening for New Cosmeceuticals from Brown Algae Fucus vesiculosus with Antioxidant and Photo-Protecting Properties. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:687. [PMID: 36355010 PMCID: PMC9697279 DOI: 10.3390/md20110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins play a role in biological functions to protect the cells against UV and oxidative damage in brown algae. We hypothesized that these compounds can function as photo-protectors and antioxidants in skin care formulations. Two types of extracts (water (FV-WE) and 67% v/v ethanol (FV-EE)) from Fucus vesiculosus were obtained with a phlorotannin content between 7-14% in dry extract. Exposure to sun light during growth was included as a factor on the phlorotannin content but did not influence the phlorotannin content. However, green colored F. vesiculosus had lower total phenolic content (TPC) (FV-WE = 6.9 g GAE 100 g-1 dw, FV-EE = 7.8 g GAE 100 g-1 dw) compared to those with a yellow/brownish color (FV-WE = 10.4-13.7 g GAE 100 g-1 dw, FV-EE = 11.2-14.0 g GAE 100 g-1 dw). UVA and UVB photo protective capabilities of the extracts through different biological effective protection factors (BEPFs) were evaluated using in vitro methods; the Mansur method for sun protection factor (SPF) and calculation of effective solar absorption radiation (%ESAR) to determine SPF and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) of the extract and in seaweed enriched lotion. The SPF was negligible, when evaluating FV-WE in lotion (10 and 20% w/w). Moreover, %ESAR of the FV-WE showed SPF and some UVA-PF, but not enough to give sufficient SPF in lotions (10% w/w). It was concluded that the concentration of UV protecting compounds in the extracts was too low to and that further fractionation and purification of phlorotannins is needed to increase the SPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditte B. Hermund
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Hanna Torsteinsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julia Vega
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Félix L. Figueroa
- Instituto Universitario de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Departamento de Ecología, Universidad de Málaga, Campus Universitario de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Charlotte Jacobsen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Purkayastha MD, Pal Majumder T, Sarkar M, Ghosh S. Carrier transport and shielding properties of rod-like mesoporous TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposite. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Environmental Fate and Toxicity of Sunscreen-Derived Inorganic Ultraviolet Filters in Aquatic Environments: A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040699. [PMID: 35215026 PMCID: PMC8876643 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of inorganic ultraviolet filters (UVFs), such as nanosized zinc oxide (nZnO) and titanium dioxide (nTiO2), are formulated in sunscreens because of their broad UV spectrum sunlight protection and because they limit skin damage. However, sunscreen-derived inorganic UVFs are considered to be emerging contaminants; in particular, nZnO and nTiO2 UVFs have been shown to undergo absorption and bioaccumulation, release metal ions, and generate reactive oxygen species, which cause negative effects on aquatic organisms. We comprehensively reviewed the current study status of the environmental sources, occurrences, behaviors, and impacts of sunscreen-derived inorganic UVFs in aquatic environments. We find that the associated primary nanoparticle characteristics and coating materials significantly affect the environmental behavior and fate of inorganic UVFs. The consequential ecotoxicological risks and underlying mechanisms are discussed at the individual and trophic transfer levels. Due to their persistence and bioaccumulation, more attention and efforts should be redirected to investigating the sources, fate, and trophic transfer of inorganic UVFs in ecosystems.
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Li B, Cheng Bs Y, Tan Y, Wang F, Hu W, Wang X, Liu W, Krutmann J, Wang S, Zou Y. Analysis of factors influencing skin reactions to sunscreens, skin whitening products, and deodorants: Results from a large-scale patch test dataset in China. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:3986-3992. [PMID: 34962051 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cosmetic products are widely used in daily life and can cause skin reactions. However, to date, few studies have investigated the prevalence and associated factors of skin reactions to different types of cosmetic products using patch test results. OBJECTIVES To investigate the frequency and associated factors of skin reactions to sunscreens, skin whitening products, and deodorants using patch test results in China. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis used data collected during 2004-2017 at the Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, China. Skin reactions were measured using patch tests following internationally standardized protocols. RESULTS In total, 151 280 patch tests comprising 16 477 cosmetic products conducted in 4029 healthy volunteers were analyzed. The frequencies of skin reactions to different cosmetic products were 1.07%, 1.28%, and 4.41% for sunscreens, skin whitening products, and deodorants, respectively. With increasing age, a higher frequency of reactions to sunscreens in women (p < 0.001) and a lower frequency of reactions to skin whitening products in men (p < 0.05) were observed. In addition, men were more likely to develop skin reactions to deodorants compared to women (p < 0.05). Skin reactions were more frequent in winter (p < 0.05), which was true for different types of cosmetic products. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of patch testing for different cosmetic products was 1.07-4.41%. The effects of age, sex, and season vary among the different types of cosmetic products. We hope that these findings can offer guidance for a healthy skincare concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Li
- Department of Skin and Cosmetics Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Cheng Bs
- Department of Skin and Cosmetics Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yimei Tan
- Department of Skin and Cosmetics Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Fudan, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyi Hu
- Department of Skin and Cosmetics Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Department of Skin and Cosmetics Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Air Force General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jean Krutmann
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Fudan, China.,IUF - Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sijia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Skin and Cosmetics Research, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Shanghai, China
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Calcium-Based Biomineralization: A Smart Approach for the Design of Novel Multifunctional Hybrid Materials. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs5100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomineralization consists of a complex cascade of phenomena generating hybrid nano-structured materials based on organic (e.g., polymer) and inorganic (e.g., hydroxyapatite) components. Biomineralization is a biomimetic process useful to produce highly biomimetic and biocompatible materials resembling natural hard tissues such as bones and teeth. In detail, biomimetic materials, composed of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA) nucleated on an organic matrix, show extremely versatile chemical compositions and physical properties, which can be controlled to address specific challenges. Indeed, different parameters, including (i) the partial substitution of mimetic doping ions within the HA lattice, (ii) the use of different organic matrices, and (iii) the choice of cross-linking processes, can be finely tuned. In the present review, we mainly focused on calcium biomineralization. Besides regenerative medicine, these multifunctional materials have been largely exploited for other applications including 3D printable materials and in vitro three-dimensional (3D) models for cancer studies and for drug testing. Additionally, biomineralized multifunctional nano-particles can be involved in applications ranging from nanomedicine as fully bioresorbable drug delivery systems to the development of innovative and eco-sustainable UV physical filters for skin protection from solar radiations.
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Kawassaki RK, Romano M, Dietrich N, Araki K. Titanium and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy: Surface Chemistry and Biological Implications. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2021.735434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, cancer is among the most challenging diseases due to its ability to continuously evolve into a more complex muldimentional system, in addition to its high capability to spread to other organs and tissues. In this context, the relevance of nanobiomaterials (NBMs) for the development of new more effective and less harmful treatments is increasing. NBMs provide the possibility of combining several functionalities on a single system, expectedly in a synergic way, to better perform the treatment and cure. However, the control of properties such as colloidal stability, circulation time, pharmacokinetics, and biodistribution, assuring the concentration in specific target tissues and organs, while keeping all desired properties, tends to be dependent on subtle changes in surface chemistry. Hence, the behavior of such materials in different media/environments is of uttermost relevance and concern since it can compromise their efficiency and safety on application. Given the bright perspectives, many efforts have been focused on the development of nanomaterials fulfilling the requirements for real application. These include robust and reproducible preparation methods to avoid aggregation while preserving the interaction properties. The possible impact of nanomaterials in different forms of diagnosis and therapy has been demonstrated in the past few years, given the perspectives on how revolutionary they can be in medicine and health. Considering the high biocompatibility and suitability, this review is focused on titanium dioxide– and iron oxide–based nanoagents highlighting the current trends and main advancements in the research for cancer therapies. The effects of phenomena, such as aggregation and agglomeration, the formation of the corona layer, and how they can compromise relevant properties of nanomaterials and their potential applicability, are also addressed. In short, this review summarizes the current understanding and perspectives on such smart nanobiomaterials for diagnostics, treatment, and theranostics of diseases.
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Trouillard A, Sabri A, Prot-Labarthe S, Storme T, Bourrat E, Soulairol I. [Pediatric exposure to endocrine disruptors and carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic substances by pharmaceutical forms intended for the cutaneous route: Regulatory provisions in France, in Europe, and state of the art of scientific knowledge]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2021; 80:426-439. [PMID: 34481784 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective is to conduct a review of pediatric exposure to substances whose endocrine disrupting (ED), carcinogenic, mutagenic, or reprotoxic (CMR) character has been confirmed or remains controversial, through their use in pharmaceutical forms intended for the cutaneous route, as well as regulatory measures diligent at the national and European levels. METHODS A bibliographical search was carried out on the databases PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, supplemented by a search for recommendations from French and European authorities. References were selected following an assessment of their relevance to our topic. RESULTS Seventy-one references were selected. Pediatric exposure to endocrine disruptors and CMR substances remains through products formulated for their use, but also through indirect exposure to products commonly used by adults. Exposure arises both from the choice of excipients (parabens, phenoxyethanol), packaging materials (bisphenols, phthalates) and the qualitative or quantitative nature of the active ingredients (iodine, boron, pyrethroids, organic sunscreens). CONCLUSION The health professional must be able to develop a critical mind on such substances in order to inform and promote therapeutic adherence, guaranteeing the safety of the child's care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trouillard
- Pôle ALPHA, pharmacie à usage intérieur, centre hospitalier de Béziers, 2, rue Valentin Haüy, 34500 Béziers cedex, France.
| | - A Sabri
- Pharmacie à usage intérieur, hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - S Prot-Labarthe
- Pharmacie à usage intérieur, UF Pharmacie clinique, CHU de Nantes, 44093 Nantes cedex 01, France
| | - T Storme
- Pharmacie à usage intérieur, hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - E Bourrat
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75010 Paris, France; Service de pédiatrie générale, hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 75019 Paris, France
| | - I Soulairol
- Pharmacie à usage intérieur, hôpital universitaire Carémeau, CHU de Nîmes, 30000 Nîmes, France; ICGM, CNRS, ENSCM, université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Bordes C, Bolzinger MA, El Achak M, Pirot F, Arquier D, Agusti G, Chevalier Y. Formulation of Pickering emulsions for the development of surfactant-free sunscreen creams. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:432-445. [PMID: 33964042 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pickering emulsions are increasingly used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields, especially for topical applications, since these systems require solid particles as emulsifiers instead of surfactants which are known to cause skin irritation. The solid inorganic nanoparticles (TiO2 and ZnO) used as UV filters in sunscreen formulations may also stabilize emulsion droplets, so that the utility of surfactants may be questioned. Surfactant-free sunscreen emulsions solely stabilized by such nanoparticles (NPs) have been studied. METHODS The ability of these NPs to stabilize o/w emulsions containing a 'model' oil phase, the C12 -C15 alkylbenzoate, has been assessed. ZnO and hydrophilic silica-coated TiO2 NPs widely used in sunscreen products were used together with their mixtures. The emulsification efficiency, the control of droplet size and the stability of o/w Pickering emulsions solely stabilized by NPs were investigated. A ZnO/TiO2 NPs mixture characterized by a theoretical SPF of 45 was finally used as unique emulsifiers to develop a surfactant-free sunscreen emulsion. RESULTS Stable Pickering emulsions containing 10 up to 60 wt% of C12 -C15 alkyl benzoate were formulated with 2 wt% ZnO in the aqueous phase. The droplet size was controlled by the solid NPs content with respect to oil and the emulsification process. Hydrophilic TiO2 NPs did not allow the stabilization of emulsions. The substitution of TiO2 for ZnO up to 60-70 wt% in a 20/80 o/w emulsion was successfully performed. Finally, a ZnO/TiO2 NP mixture was tested as unique emulsifier system for the formulation of a sunscreen cream. Despite a lower viscosity, the obtained Pickering emulsion was stable and exhibited a photoprotective effect similar to the corresponding surfactant-based sunscreen cream with an in vitro SPF of about 45. CONCLUSION Surfactant-free Pickering emulsions can be stabilized by the UV-filter nanoparticles for the manufacture of sunscreen products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bordes
- CNRS, LAGEPP, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Myriam El Achak
- CNRS, LAGEPP, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fabrice Pirot
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Lab. Rech & Dev Pharm Galen In, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Arquier
- CNRS, LAGEPP, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Géraldine Agusti
- CNRS, LAGEPP, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yves Chevalier
- CNRS, LAGEPP, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Nanoparticles from the Cosmetics and Medical Industries in Legal and Environmental Aspects. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13115805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the application and role of nanomaterials, with particular emphasis on the cosmetics and medical industries. Methods of obtaining materials at the nanoscale and their characteristic structure, which determines their attractiveness and risk, especially in recent years, have been described. The subject of the work was to indicate the hazards and risks that are associated with the properties of nanomaterials; dimension, and high chemical and physical activity, thus making ways to capture and monitor them difficult. Legal and environmental aspects were taken into account, and the involvement of the European Commission in this subject and the activities carried out in a few European countries as well as in Japan, the USA and Canada were analyzed.
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Sunscreens and their usefulness: have we made any progress in the last two decades? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2021; 20:189-244. [PMID: 33721254 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-021-00013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Sunscreens have now been around for decades to mitigate the Sun's damaging ultraviolet (UV) radiation which, although essential for the existence of life, is a recognized prime carcinogen. Accordingly, have suncreams achieved their intended purposes towards protection against sunburns, skin photo-ageing and the like? Most importantly, however, have they provided the expected protection against skin cancers that current sunscreen products claim to do? In the last two decades, there have been tens, if not hundreds of studies on sunscreens with respect to skin protection against UVB (280‒320 nm)-traditionally sunscreens with rather low sun protection factors (SPF) were intended to protect against this type of radiation-and UVA (320‒400 nm) radiation; a distinction between SPF and UVA protection factor (UVA-PF) is made. Many of the studies of the last two decades have focused on protection against the more skin-penetrating UVA radiation. This non-exhaustive article reviews some of the important facets of what is currently known about sunscreens with regard (i) to the physical UV filters titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) and the mostly photo-unstable chemical UVB/UVA filters (e.g., octinoxate (OMC) and avobenzone (AVO), among others), (ii) to novel chemical sunscreen agents, (iii) to means that minimize the breakdown of chemical filters and improve their stability when exposed to UV sunlight, (iv) to SPF factors, and (v) to a short discussion on non-melanoma skin cancers and melanoma. Importantly, throughout the article we allude to the safety aspects of sunscreens and at the end ask the question: do active ingredients in sunscreen products pose a risk to human health, and what else can be done to enhance protection? Significant loss of skin protection from two well-known commercial suncreams when exposed to simulated UV sunlight. Cream I: titanium dioxide, ethylhexyl triazone, avobenzone, and octinoxate; Cream II: octyl salicylate, oxybenzone, avobenzone, and octinoxate.
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Song J, Chen S, Zhao X, Cheng J, Ma Y, Ren S, Li S. Simple, green, ultrasound-assisted preparation of novel core-shell microcapsules from octyl methoxycinnamate and oligomeric proanthocyanidins for UV-stable sunscreen. RSC Adv 2021; 11:6374-6382. [PMID: 35423144 PMCID: PMC8694810 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra09116b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Without sunscreens, UV rays in sunlight cause skin damage, ranging from dark spots and premature aging to skin cancer. Present sunscreens, however, are readily photodegraded, producing highly reactive radicals that can damage cells. To address this problem, we have now used ultrasound to prepare core-shell microcapsules, which offer improved protection against UV light and improved UV stability. The composite microcapsules have oligomeric proanthocyanidins (OPCs), which are amphiphilic plant-derived secondary metabolites, as the shell and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC), which is a UVB absorber, as the core. The polyphenolic flavonoid structure of OPCs improves the UV stability of OMC and thus avoids the skin damage caused by OMC photodegradation products. In the microcapsules, π-π stacking interactions between OPCs and OMC molecules enhance the ability of OMC to absorb UV radiation and extend the absorption range from the UVB region (280-320 nm) to include the UVA and UVC regions (200-400 nm). The composite microcapsules were shown to be stable on storage and to be non-irritant to human skin. The ultrasound-assisted preparation of OMC/OPCs composite microcapsules is simple, efficient and green and provides a feasible strategy for the development of novel, more effective, sunscreens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Junbo Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Shixue Ren
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
| | - Shujun Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science & Technology (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education Harbin 150040 China
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Kolesnik IV, Shcherbakov AB, Kozlova TO, Kozlov DA, Ivanov VK. Comparative Analysis of Sun Protection Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Cerium Dioxide. RUSS J INORG CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036023620070128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schneider G, Figueroa FL, Vega J, Chaves P, Álvarez-Gómez F, Korbee N, Bonomi-Barufi J. Photoprotection properties of marine photosynthetic organisms grown in high ultraviolet exposure areas: Cosmeceutical applications. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abitbol T, Ahniyaz A, Álvarez-Asencio R, Fall A, Swerin A. Nanocellulose-Based Hybrid Materials for UV Blocking and Mechanically Robust Barriers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:2245-2254. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Abitbol
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, SE-11428 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anwar Ahniyaz
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, SE-11428 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Fall
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, SE-11428 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agne Swerin
- School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Chemistry, Division of Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
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Holt EL, Stavros VG. Applications of ultrafast spectroscopy to sunscreen development, from first principles to complex mixtures. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235x.2019.1663062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily L. Holt
- Molecular Analytical Science Centre for Doctoral Training, Senate House, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Cefali LC, Ataide JA, Fernandes AR, Sousa IMDO, Gonçalves FCDS, Eberlin S, Dávila JL, Jozala AF, Chaud MV, Sanchez-Lopez E, Marto J, d'Ávila MA, Ribeiro HM, Foglio MA, Souto EB, Mazzola PG. Flavonoid-Enriched Plant-Extract-Loaded Emulsion: A Novel Phytocosmetic Sunscreen Formulation with Antioxidant Properties. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100443. [PMID: 31581509 PMCID: PMC6826457 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a phytocosmetic sunscreen emulsion with antioxidant effect, containing a blend of flavonoid-enriched plant extracts. In vitro sun protection factor, antioxidant activity, skin irritation, photostability, cutaneous permeation, and retention of flavonoids were evaluated. Thermodynamically stable emulsions were obtained and tested for sensorial analysis after loading the blend of extracts. The selected emulsion was stable when stored at low temperatures (5 °C), for which after 120 days the concentration of quercetin and rutin were above their limit of quantification, i.e., 2.8 ± 0.39 μg/mL and 30.39 ± 0.39 μg/mL, respectively. Spreadability, low rupture strength and adhesiveness were shown to be similar to a conventional topical product. Higher brittleness, pseudo-plastic, and viscoelastic behaviors were also recorded for the developed phytocosmetic sunscreen. The product presented a critical wavelength of 387.0 nm and ultraviolet rays A and B (UVA/UVB) rate of 0.78, confirming that the developed formulation shows capacity for UVA/UVB protection, protecting skin against damages caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Rutin was shown to permeate the skin barrier and was also quantified in the stratum corneum (3.27 ± 1.92 μg/mL) by tape stripping and retention test (114.68 ± 8.70 μg/mL). The developed flavonoid-enriched phytocosmetic was shown to be non-irritant to skin by an in vitro assay. Our results confirm the antioxidant activity, sun protection, and physical properties of the developed phytocosmetic for topical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Caramori Cefali
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Monteiro Lobato, 255, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-862, Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (UC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Janaína Artem Ataide
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (UC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-871, Brazil.
| | - Ana Rita Fernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (UC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ilza Maria de Oliveira Sousa
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), R. Sergio Buarque de Holanda, 250, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-859, Brazil.
| | | | | | - José Luis Dávila
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Mendeleyev 200, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-860, Brazil.
| | - Angela Faustino Jozala
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sao Paulo 18023-000, Brazil.
| | - Marco Vinicius Chaud
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sao Paulo 18023-000, Brazil.
| | - Elena Sanchez-Lopez
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (UC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- Networking Research Centre of Neurodegenerative Disease (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Juan Carlos III, 28031 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Joana Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Marcos Akira d'Ávila
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Mendeleyev 200, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-860, Brazil.
| | - Helena Margarida Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Mary Ann Foglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-871, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Barbosa Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra (UC), Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Cândido Portinari, 200, Campinas, Sao Paulo 13083-871, Brazil.
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A DFT and TD-DFT study of ESIPT-mediated NLO switching and UV absorption by 2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl)benzotriazole. Theor Chem Acc 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-019-2488-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shanbhag S, Nayak A, Narayan R, Nayak UY. Anti-aging and Sunscreens: Paradigm Shift in Cosmetics. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:348-359. [PMID: 31592127 PMCID: PMC6773941 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin, being one of the vital organs and a protective barrier needs to be pampered and taken care
of from early childhood. It is the most visible and the widest exposed organ and by far reflects
the general health condition and the aging process in humans. Both intrinsic and extrinsic
factors contribute to this complex biological process of skin aging. In recent times, skin health
and its beauty is perceived as an indicator of one’s health which has resulted in an increasing
demand for anti-aging products. Exposure to UV radiation is considered to be one of the factors
responsible for aging termed as photoaging. In this review, we have discussed the various factors
which may accelerate the process of skin aging. Various approaches and strategies to delay the
process of skin aging have been emphasized upon. The patents filed in the area of anti-aging
and sunscreen products have also been reviewed to gain an insight into the new formulations
which have been developed as an anti-aging product. There has been a tremendous rise in the
cosmetic and cosmeceuticals market with products having a dual activity of anti-aging and sun
protection. Research is constantly on the rise to ensure the safety of these products. Alternatives
to the current topical application of sunscreen are being considered to overcome the drawback
of reapplication of the sunscreen often which can be a boon to the cosmeceutical market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Shanbhag
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Akshatha Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Reema Narayan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
| | - Usha Yogendra Nayak
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576 104, India
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Asfour MH, Kassem AA, Salama A. Topical nanostructured lipid carriers/inorganic sunscreen combination for alleviation of all-trans retinoic acid-induced photosensitivity: Box-Behnken design optimization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 134:219-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Sharma Bora N, Mazumder B, Patowary P, Kishor S, Doma Bhutia Y, Chattopadhyay P, Dwivedi SK. Formulation development and accelerated stability testing of a novel sunscreen cream for ultraviolet radiation protection in high altitude areas. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1332-1341. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1616750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nilutpal Sharma Bora
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Tezpur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Bhaskar Mazumder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Pompy Patowary
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Tezpur, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Sumit Kishor
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Tezpur, India
| | - Yangchen Doma Bhutia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Tezpur, India
| | - Pronobesh Chattopadhyay
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Tezpur, India
| | - Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Defence Research Laboratory, Defence Research and Development Organization, Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Tezpur, India
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Donald CE, Scott RP, Wilson G, Hoffman PD, Anderson KA. Artificial turf: chemical flux and development of silicone wristband partitioning coefficients. AIR QUALITY, ATMOSPHERE, & HEALTH 2019; 12:597-611. [PMID: 32201543 PMCID: PMC7083577 DOI: 10.1007/s11869-019-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This work provides the first quantitative measure of in situ flux of semi-volatile contaminants on artificial turf fields. Passive samplers were used to identify gas-phase PAHs and OPAHs not previously reported associated with artificial turf. Utilizing a broad and targeted screen, we assess both artificial turf and from crumb rubber for 1,529 chemicals, including several with known health effects including benzo[c]fluorene. We also report the presence of 25 chemicals that have not yet been reported in artificial turf literature, including some with known effects on human health. This is the first report of bioavailable gas-phase PAH and OPAH concentrations on an outdoor field, to date gas-phase concentrations have only been reported from indoor facilities. Turf air and air were highly correlated at all three sites, and particularly at the recently-installed indoor site. Finally, thermal extraction and silicone passive samplers are highly suitable for larger-scale sampling campaigns that aim for less solvent and sample processing. We demonstrate for the first time that silicone passive samplers can be used to quantify volatile and semi-volatile organic chemicals from artificial turf. Co-deploying silicone passive samplers and conventional low density polyethylene, we develop partitioning coefficients that can be used for silicone passive air sampling environmental assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carey E Donald
- Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 1007c Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
- Present address: Institute of Marine Research, Nordnesgaten 50, 5005 Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard P Scott
- Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 1007c Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Glenn Wilson
- Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 1007c Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Peter D Hoffman
- Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 1007c Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
| | - Kim A Anderson
- Food Safety and Environmental Stewardship Program, Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 1007c Agricultural and Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA
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Spherical Composite Powder by Coupling Polymethyl Methacrylate and Boron Nitride via Spray Drying for Cosmetic Application. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12050706. [PMID: 30823370 PMCID: PMC6427651 DOI: 10.3390/ma12050706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, spherical composite powder was successfully prepared via spray drying process using polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) powders. The pristine and as-prepared composite powders were examined using scanning electron microscopy, a particle size analyzer, oil absorption, and specific surface area analyses. These powders were then mixed with linseed oil to prepare samples for UV-Visible-Near Infrared spectroscopy investigation to determine their light absorption ability. Blank and powder-added blemish balm creams were examined using a sun protection factor tester and a thermal conductivity tester. In addition, transmittances of these creams were also evaluated. The experimental results show that spray-dried spherical composite powder exhibited good oil absorption ability. The blemish balm cream with 10 wt.% spray-dried composite powder not only exhibited superior sunscreen protection ability, but also good thermal conductivity.
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Mori T, Tsuchiya R, Doi M, Nagatani N, Tanaka T. Solubilization of ultraviolet absorbers by cyclodextrin and their potential application in cosmetics. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-018-0846-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Cefali LC, de Oliveira DCB, Franzini CM, Ataíde JA, Moriel P, Mazzola PG. Development and evaluation of microencapsulated sunscreen. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1385481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Maria Franzini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Center Herminio Ometto (Uniararas), Araras, Campinas/Sao Paulo
| | - Janaína Artem Ataíde
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo/Brazil
| | - Patrícia Moriel
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo/Brazil
| | - Priscila Gava Mazzola
- Faculty of Medical Science, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas, São Paulo/Brazil
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Lu PJ, Fu WE, Huang SC, Lin CY, Ho ML, Chen YP, Cheng HF. Methodology for sample preparation and size measurement of commercial ZnO nanoparticles. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:628-636. [PMID: 29567232 PMCID: PMC9322206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study discusses the strategies on sample preparation to acquire images with sufficient quality for size characterization by scanning electron microscope (SEM) using two commercial ZnO nanoparticles of different surface properties as a demonstration. The central idea is that micrometer sized aggregates of ZnO in powdered forms need to firstly be broken down to nanosized particles through an appropriate process to generate nanoparticle dispersion before being deposited on a flat surface for SEM observation. Analytical tools such as contact angle, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential have been utilized to optimize the procedure for sample preparation and to check the quality of the results. Meanwhile, measurements of zeta potential values on flat surfaces also provide critical information and save lots of time and efforts in selection of suitable substrate for particles of different properties to be attracted and kept on the surface without further aggregation. This simple, low-cost methodology can be generally applied on size characterization of commercial ZnO nanoparticles with limited information from vendors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Jia Lu
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Wei-En Fu
- Center for Measurement Standards, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu,
Taiwan
| | - Shou-Chieh Huang
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yen Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Mei-Lin Ho
- Department of Chemistry, Soochow University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Yu-Pen Chen
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Hwei-Fang Cheng
- Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author: E-mail address: (H.-F. Cheng)
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Ruszkiewicz JA, Pinkas A, Ferrer B, Peres TV, Tsatsakis A, Aschner M. Neurotoxic effect of active ingredients in sunscreen products, a contemporary review. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:245-259. [PMID: 28959646 PMCID: PMC5615097 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunscreen application is the main strategy used to prevent the maladies inflicted by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Despite the continuously increasing frequency of sunscreen use worldwide, the prevalence of certain sun exposure-related pathologies, mainly malignant melanoma, is also on the rise. In the past century, a variety of protective agents against UV exposure have been developed. Physical filters scatter and reflect UV rays and chemical filters absorb those rays. Alongside the evidence for increasing levels of these agents in the environment, which leads to indirect exposure of wildlife and humans, recent studies suggest a toxicological nature for some of these agents. Reviews on the role of these agents in developmental and endocrine impairments (both pathology and related mechanisms) are based on both animal and human studies, yet information regarding the potential neurotoxicity of these agents is scant. In this review, data regarding the neurotoxicity of several organic filters: octyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone-3 and −4, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, 3-benzylidene camphor and octocrylene, and two allowed inorganic filters: zinc oxide and titanium dioxide, is presented and discussed. Taken together, this review advocates revisiting the current safety and regulation of specific sunscreens and investing in alternative UV protection technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna A Ruszkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Adi Pinkas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Beatriz Ferrer
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Tanara V Peres
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Aristides Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
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Kryczyk A, Żmudzki P, Hubicka U. Determination of bifonazole and identification of its photocatalytic degradation products using UPLC-MS/MS. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28186351 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The main goal of the presented work was to investigate the effect of ZnO or/and TiO2 on the stability of bifonazole in solutions under UVA irradiation. To this end, a simple and reproducible UPLC method for the determination of bifonazole in the presence of its photocatalytic degradation products was developed. Linearity was studied in the range of 0.0046-0.15 mg mL-1 with a determination coefficient of 0.9996. Bifonazole underwent a photocatalytic degradation process under the experimental conditions used. Comparative studies showed that combination of TiO2 /ZnO (1:1 w/w) was a more effective catalyst than TiO2 or ZnO with a degradation rate of up to 67.57% after 24 h of irradiation. Further, kinetic analyses indicated that the photocatalytic degradation of bifonazole in the mixture of TiO2 /ZnO can be described by a pseudo-first order reaction. Statistical comparison clearly indicated that the presence of TiO2 /ZnO also affected the stability of bifonazole from a cream preparation after 15 h of UVA exposure (p < 0.05). Ten photodegradation products of bifonazole were identified for the first time and their plausible fragmentation pathways, derived from MS/MS data, were proposed. The main pathway in the photocatalytic transformation of bifonazole in the presence of ZnO or/and TiO2 involves hydroxylation of the methanetriyl group and/or adjacent phenyl rings and cleavage of the imidazole moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Kryczyk
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paweł Żmudzki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Hubicka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Shandilya N, Capron I. Safer-by-design hybrid nanostructures: an alternative to conventional titanium dioxide UV filters in skin care products. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02506h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental synthesis of TiO2nanoparticlesviasafer-by-design approach to minimize their exposure risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Shandilya
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- UR 1268
- 44316 Nantes cedex 3
- France
| | - I. Capron
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
- UR 1268
- 44316 Nantes cedex 3
- France
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Jallad KN. Chemical characterization of sunscreens composition and its related potential adverse health effects. J Cosmet Dermatol 2016; 16:353-357. [PMID: 27596093 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the sun is very beneficial and essential for life, exposing ourselves too much to sunlight might lead to detrimental health effects such as skin cancer. Eight percent of the total different electromagnetic radiation that regularly irradiates the earth is classified as ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The ozone layer absorbs the most energetic UV rays; consequently, UV-A and UV-B reach the earth surface. UV-A rays heavily contribute to both premature skin aging and skin cancer, while UV-B rays cause sunburn. Hence, the use of sunscreen is strongly encouraged by many healthcare practitioners in order to minimize or possibly eradicate the harmful effects of UV rays on our skin, keeping in mind, that about 90% of all skin cancers are associated with exposure to the sun's harmful radiation. Unfortunately, inaccurate information is currently roaming the media and the Internet regarding the safety, toxicity, and acute side effects of the active ingredients currently used in sunscreens, therefore discouraging people from using sunscreens. In this review article, it is concluded based on the scientific published literature that the sunscreen ingredients are safe and there are no related potential hazardous health risks associated with their use. In addition, at present, sunscreens are very useful in preventing sunburn and probably skin cancer and photoaging and their regular use can have a positive and a significant impact on public health as means or instruments implemented to reduce exposure to UV radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim N Jallad
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Kuwait, Safat, Kuwait
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35
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Determination of Pb and Cr in sunscreen samples by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and direct analysis. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Photostability study of commercial sunscreens submitted to artificial UV irradiation and/or fluorescent radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 162:45-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Cohen LE, Grant RT. Sun Protection: Current Management Strategies Addressing UV Exposure. Clin Plast Surg 2016; 43:605-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cefali LC, Ataide JA, Moriel P, Foglio MA, Mazzola PG. Plant-based active photoprotectants for sunscreens. Int J Cosmet Sci 2016; 38:346-53. [PMID: 26919163 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Excessive exposure to the sun's radiation is the major exogenous mediator of skin damage, which accelerates skin ageing and increases the risk of developing skin cancer. Compounds with photoprotectant activity are extremely useful for decreasing the effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the skin; however, numerous sun filters, especially organic sunscreens, are allergenic. Therefore, the development of formulations containing plant extracts, which may be potentially safer, is extensively being explored. Plant-based cosmetics are commonly used to avoid skin ageing because they contain antioxidant agents that minimize free radical activity, and numerous studies have investigated the skin-protectant effects of related plant species. In addition to their antioxidant properties, plant-based cosmetics protect the skin against solar radiation because they contain polyphenols such as flavonoids and carotenoids. Therefore, this study aims to present a review of plant species commonly used in sunscreens to protect the skin against damage due to sunlight exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Cefali
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Technology of Bioactive Products, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - J A Ataide
- Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - P Moriel
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - M A Foglio
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
| | - P G Mazzola
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas
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39
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Dao DV, van den Bremt M, Koeller Z, Le TK. Effect of metal ion doping on the optical properties and the deactivation of photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanopowder for application in sunscreens. POWDER TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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40
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Zou Y, Wang X, Fan G. Improvement of the facial evenness of leave-on skincare products by a modified application method in Chinese women. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 37:229-35. [PMID: 25439654 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the habits of Chinese women applying leave-on skincare products (LOSCP) and to improve female facial evenness of anti-ageing cosmetics through modifying facial skincare smear ways. METHODS A questionnaire on the method of applying LOSCP was distributed to 60 women with habit of using LOSCP. Their facial images before and after applying LOSCP were taken, and their positioning and grey value were used to analyse the effects of different applying methods on the uniformity of facial LOSCP. RESULTS LOSCP including anti-ageing cosmetics have been widely used among Chinese women for a long time. However, some women do not concern how to properly apply LOSCP. In our survey, the main focal points of the face are forehead, malar region, cheek, mouth corners and chin when they looking into the mirror, and mouth corners and inner canthus are often overlooked when applying cosmetic products. The image analysis found that after applying the LOSCP, the greyscale of the forehead, glabella, malar region, upper lip region and jaw changed significantly whereas that of canthus, mouth corners and lateral cheek region was not significantly different. Applying an improved smear method (11-point method)could significantly increase the grey values of various facial areas. CONCLUSION The way of Chinese women applying LOSCP may result in facial unevenness of skin products. By improving facial skincare smear method, one can make the products even in all facial areas, thereby ensuring the efficacy of anti-ageing cosmetics. Thus, further improvement and education regarding skincare is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zou
- Skin & Cosmetic Research Department, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, 1278 Baode Road, Shanghai, 200443, China
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41
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The effect of Fe doping on the suppression of photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanopowder for the application in sunscreens. POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2014.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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42
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43
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Stiefel C, Schwack W. Photoprotection in changing times - UV filter efficacy and safety, sensitization processes and regulatory aspects. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 37:2-30. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Stiefel
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstrasse 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
| | - W. Schwack
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hohenheim; Garbenstrasse 28 70599 Stuttgart Germany
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44
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Stiefel C, Schwack W, Nguyen YTH. Photostability of Cosmetic UV Filters on Mammalian Skin Under UV Exposure. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 91:84-91. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Stiefel
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schwack
- Institute of Food Chemistry; University of Hohenheim; Stuttgart Germany
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45
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Zhang J, Raphael AP, Yang Y, Popat A, Prow TW, Yu C. Nanodispersed UV blockers in skin-friendly silica vesicles with superior UV-attenuating efficiency. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:7673-7678. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01332h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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46
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Abstract
The association between various measures of sun exposure and melanoma risk is quite complex to dissect as many case-control studies of melanoma included different subtypes of melanomas which are likely to be biologically different, so interpretation of the data is difficult. Screening bias in countries with high levels of sun exposure is also an issue. Now that progress is being made in the genetic subclassification of melanoma tumours, it is apparent that melanomas have different somatic changes according to body sites/histological subtypes and that UV exposure may be relevant for some but not all types of melanomas. Melanoma behaviour also points to non-sun-related risk factors, and complex gene-environment interactions are likely. As UV exposure is the only environmental factor ever linked to melanoma, it is still prudent to avoid excessive sun exposure and sunburn especially in poor tanners. However, the impact of strict sun avoidance, which should not be recommended, may take years to be apparent as vitamin D deficiency is a now a common health issue in Caucasian populations, with a significant impact on health in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Bataille
- Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, King's College, London, UK,
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47
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Wu PS, Huang LN, Guo YC, Lin CC. Effects of the novel poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-encapsulated organic ultraviolet (UV) filters on the UV absorbance and in vitro sun protection factor (SPF). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 131:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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48
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Bagatin E, Guadanhim LRS, Enokihara MMSS, Sanudo A, Talarico S, Miot HA, Gibson L. Low-dose oral isotretinoin versus topical retinoic acid for photoaging: a randomized, comparative study. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:114-22. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Edileia Bagatin
- Department of Dermatology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); SN Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Lilia R. S. Guadanhim
- Department of Dermatology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); SN Botucatu SP Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Sanudo
- Department of Dermatology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); SN Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Sérgio Talarico
- Department of Dermatology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); SN Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Helio A. Miot
- Department of Dermatology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); SN Botucatu SP Brazil
| | - Lawrence Gibson
- Department of Dermatology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); SN Botucatu SP Brazil
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Tintle S, Alikhan A, Horner ME, Hand JL, Davis DMR. Cutaneous porphyrias part II: treatment strategies. Int J Dermatol 2013; 53:3-24. [PMID: 24134210 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The porphyrias are diverse in pathophysiology, clinical presentation, severity, and prognosis, presenting a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Although not easily curable, the dermatological manifestations of these diseases, photosensitivity and associated cutaneous pathology, can be effectively prevented and managed. Sun avoidance is essential, and patient education regarding the irreversibility of photocutaneous damage is a necessary corollary. Beyond preventative measures, the care of fragile, vulnerable skin, and pain management, each of the porphyrias has a limited number of unique additional therapeutic options. Many of the treatments have been published only in small case series or anecdotal reports and do not have well-understood nor proven mechanisms of action. This article presents a comprehensive review of available therapeutic options and long-term management recommendations for the cutaneous porphyrias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Tintle
- Department of Dermatology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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50
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Abstract
Nowadays, concern over skin cancer has been growing more and more, especially in tropical countries where the incidence of UVA/B radiation is higher. The correct use of sunscreen is the most efficient way to prevent the development of this disease. The ingredients of sunscreen can be organic and/or inorganic sun filters. Inorganic filters present some advantages over organic filters, such as photostability, non-irritability and broad spectrum protection. Nevertheless, inorganic filters have a whitening effect in sunscreen formulations owing to the high refractive index, decreasing their esthetic appeal. Many techniques have been developed to overcome this problem and among them, the use of nanotechnology stands out. The estimated amount of nanomaterial in use must increase from 2000 tons in 2004 to a projected 58000 tons in 2020. In this context, this article aims to analyze critically both the different features of the production of inorganic filters (synthesis routes proposed in recent years) and the permeability, the safety and other characteristics of the new generation of inorganic filters.
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