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Aslam S, Aljawdah HM, Murshed M, Serrano GE. Pharmacophore modelling based virtual screening and molecular dynamics identified the novel inhibitors and drug targets against Waddlia chondrophila. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13472. [PMID: 38866811 PMCID: PMC11169463 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Waddlia chondrophila is a possible cause of fetal death in humans. This Chlamydia-related bacterium is an emergent pathogen that causes human miscarriages and ruminant abortions, which results in financial losses. Despite the years of efforts, the underlying mechanism behind the pathogenesis of W. chondrophila is little known which hindered the development of novel treatment options. In the framework of current study, computational approaches were used to identify novel inhibitors (phytocompounds) and drug targets against W. chondrophila. At first, RNA polymerase sigma factor SigA and 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid transferase were identified through subtractive proteomics pipeline. Afterwards, extensive docking and simulation analyses were conducted to optimize potentially novel phytocompounds by assessing their binding affinity to target proteins. A 100ns molecular dynamics simulation well complimented the compound's binding affinity and indicated strong stability of predicted compounds at the docked site. The calculation of binding free energies with MMGBSA corroborated the significant binding affinity between phytocompounds and target protein binding sites. The proposed phytocompounds may be a viable treatment option for patients infected with W. chondrophila; however, further research is required to ensure their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Aslam
- Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA.
| | - Hossam M Aljawdah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutee Murshed
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Tian Z, Zhang X, Yao G, Jin J, Zhang T, Sun C, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Intestinal flora and pregnancy complications: Current insights and future prospects. IMETA 2024; 3:e167. [PMID: 38882493 PMCID: PMC11170975 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated the pivotal roles of intestinal microbiota in many physiopathological processes through complex interactions with the host. As a unique period in a woman's lifespan, pregnancy is characterized by changes in hormones, immunity, and metabolism. The gut microbiota also changes during this period and plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy. Consequently, anomalies in the composition and function of the gut microbiota, namely, gut microbiota dysbiosis, can predispose individuals to various pregnancy complications, posing substantial risks to both maternal and neonatal health. However, there are still many controversies in this field, such as "sterile womb" versus "in utero colonization." Therefore, a thorough understanding of the roles and mechanisms of gut microbiota in pregnancy and its complications is essential to safeguard the health of both mother and child. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the changes in gut microbiota during pregnancy, its abnormalities in common pregnancy complications, and potential etiological implications. It also explores the potential of gut microbiota in diagnosing and treating pregnancy complications and examines the possibility of gut-derived bacteria residing in the uterus/placenta. Our aim is to expand knowledge in maternal and infant health from the gut microbiota perspective, aiding in developing new preventive and therapeutic strategies for pregnancy complications based on intestinal microecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Tian
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Xinjie Zhang
- Department of Biology University College London London UK
| | - Guixiang Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Tongxue Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Chunhua Sun
- Department of Health Management Center, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Geriatrics Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan China
| | - Qunye Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory; The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Shandong First Medical University Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University Jinan China
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3
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Baseri N, Omidi AH, Latifian M, Mostafavi E, Khademvatan S, Omidifar N, Tabaei SJS, Jafari R, Zeinali S, Ghasemi A, Esmaeili S. Molecular examination for Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. infections in Iranian women experiencing spontaneous miscarriage. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:172. [PMID: 38326756 PMCID: PMC10848525 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous miscarriage, a leading health concern globally, often occurs due to various factors, including infections. Among these, Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. may have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes. While previous research has established a link between infections and spontaneous miscarriage, our study aimed specifically to investigate the presence of these two pathogens in abortion samples from women who experienced spontaneous miscarriages in Iran. Our study can add to the existing knowledge by focusing on Iran, a region with a high prevalence of C. burnetii and Brucella spp. As a result, it could provide a better understanding and unique insights into the relationship of these pathogens with spontaneous miscarriages in endemic regions. METHODS From March 2021 to March 2022, a total of 728 abortion samples (including placenta and cotyledon) were collected from 409 women who had experienced spontaneous miscarriages in the provinces of Tehran, Fars, and West Azerbaijan in Iran. The specimens included 467 Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) and 261 fresh frozen samples. After DNA extraction from abortion samples, the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay targeted a specific fragment of the IS1111 and IS711 elements for molecular identification of C. burnetii and Brucella spp., respectively. Furthermore, the qPCR assay employing specific primers for different species was used to determine the species of Brucella. RESULTS Among the studied women, 1 out of 409 (0.24%) samples tested positive for Brucella spp., specifically Brucella melitensis. There were no positive specimens for C. burnetii. CONCLUSIONS Our study contributes to understanding the potential involvement of Brucella species in spontaneous infectious abortion within endemic regions. The identification of B. melitensis in this study highlights the need for further research in this area. However, while our results suggest a relatively low or zero identification of these pathogens in our sample population, this does not rule out the possibility of undetected infections. Therefore, it is critical to acknowledge the limitations of the molecular techniques used (qPCR), which may have potential limitations such as sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, because 64.15% of our samples were FFPE, the sensitivity of the qPCR test may be reduced. These raise concerns about the accuracy of the reported prevalence rates and the potential for false positives or negatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Baseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Omidi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran
| | - Mina Latifian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mostafavi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran
| | - Shahram Khademvatan
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute , Urmia University of Medical Sciences , Urmia , Iran
| | - Navid Omidifar
- Department of Pathology , School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz , Iran
| | - Seyyed Javad Seyyed Tabaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasool Jafari
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shiva Zeinali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Research Center of Reference Health Laboratories, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Esmaeili
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
- National Reference Laboratory for Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Akanlu, Hamadan, KabudarAhang, Iran.
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Lamacchia C, Aymon R, Hattel BC, Aeby S, Kebbi-Beghdadi C C, Gilbert B, Studer O, Norris JM, Nolers MV, Demoruelle MK, Feser ML, Moss L, Courvoisier DS, Lauper K, Deane KD, Greub G G, Finckh A. A potential role for chlamydial infection in rheumatoid arthritis development. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023:kead682. [PMID: 38092030 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relationship between self-reported and serologic evidence of prior chlamydial infection, rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related autoantibodies and risk of RA-development. METHODS This is a nested study within a prospective Swiss-based cohort including all first-degree relatives of RA patients (RA-FDR) who answered a question on past chlamydial infections. Primary outcome was systemic autoimmunity associated with RA (RA-autoimmunity) defined as positivity for anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) and/or rheumatoid factor (RF). Secondary outcomes were high levels of RA-autoimmunity, RA-associated symptoms and RA-autoimmunity, and subsequent seropositive RA diagnosis. We conducted a nested case-control analysis by measuring the serological status against Chlamydia trachomatis' major outer membrane protein. We replicated our analysis in an independent United States-based RA-FDR cohort. RESULTS Among 1231 RA-FDRs, 168 (13.6%) developed RA-autoimmunity. Prevalence of self-reported chlamydial infection was significantly higher in individuals with RA-autoimmunity compared with controls (17.9% vs 9.8%, OR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.27-3.09, p < 0.01). This association remained significant after adjustments (OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.20-2.95). Stronger effect sizes were observed in later stages of RA development. There was a similar trend between a positive C. trachomatis serology and high levels of RA-autoimmunity (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 1.10-8.46, p= 0.032). In the replication cohort, there were significant associations between chlamydial infection and RF positivity and incident RA, but not anti-CCP positivity. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported chlamydial infections are associated with elevated RA-autoimmunity in at risk individuals. The differing association of chlamydial infections and ACPA/RF between cohorts will need to be explored in future studies but is consistent with a role of mucosal origin of RA-related autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Lamacchia
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Romain Aymon
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Brian C Hattel
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sebastien Aeby
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carole Kebbi-Beghdadi C
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Gilbert
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Studer
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jill M Norris
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael V Nolers
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - M Kristen Demoruelle
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Marie L Feser
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - LauraKay Moss
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Delphine S Courvoisier
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kim Lauper
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kevin D Deane
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gilbert Greub G
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne & University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Axel Finckh
- Division of Rheumatology, Geneva University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research (GCIR), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Sassa-O'Brien Y, Ohya K, Ikeuchi S, Sanada N, Sanada Y, Kojima A, Yorisaki M, Ebisawa K, Ueda K, Iki H, Mizukami M, Hayashidani H, Fukushi H. Diversity of Chlamydiales detected in pet birds privately kept in individual homes in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:907-911. [PMID: 37460299 PMCID: PMC10539824 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia-related bacteria of the Chlamydiales order have recently been described as emerging pathogens that cause pneumonia and abortion in animals and humans. We investigated the presence of Chlamydiales using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by targeting the 16S rRNA gene of a broad range of Chlamydiales in 827 fecal samples from pet birds kept in individual homes in Japan. Of the 827 samples, 493 (59.6%) tested positive for the Chlamydiales 16S rRNA gene in the real-time PCR assay. We determined the nucleic acid sequences of PCR products from 17 Chlamydiales strains. A homology search and phylogenetic analysis using these sequences confirmed that the detected Chlamydiales included C. pecorum and a broad range of Chlamydia-related bacteria. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to detect a wide range of Chlamydia-related bacteria in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Sassa-O'Brien
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
- Present address: National Institute of Health Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ikeuchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Masaya Mizukami
- Mizukami Veterinary Hospital, Dogs, Cats and Birds, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideki Hayashidani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideto Fukushi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen that can cause severe invasive infections upon ingestion with contaminated food. Clinically, listerial disease, or listeriosis, most often presents as bacteremia, meningitis or meningoencephalitis, and pregnancy-associated infections manifesting as miscarriage or neonatal sepsis. Invasive listeriosis is life-threatening and a main cause of foodborne illness leading to hospital admissions in Western countries. Sources of contamination can be identified through international surveillance systems for foodborne bacteria and strains' genetic data sharing. Large-scale whole genome studies have increased our knowledge on the diversity and evolution of L. monocytogenes, while recent pathophysiological investigations have improved our mechanistic understanding of listeriosis. In this article, we present an overview of human listeriosis with particular focus on relevant features of the causative bacterium, epidemiology, risk groups, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel M Koopmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - José A Vázquez-Boland
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School (Biomedical Sciences), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Diederik van de Beek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Panzer JJ, Romero R, Greenberg JM, Winters AD, Galaz J, Gomez-Lopez N, Theis KR. Is there a placental microbiota? A critical review and re-analysis of published placental microbiota datasets. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:76. [PMID: 36934229 PMCID: PMC10024458 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of a placental microbiota is debated. The human placenta has historically been considered sterile and microbial colonization was associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Yet, recent DNA sequencing investigations reported a microbiota in typical human term placentas. However, this detected microbiota could represent background DNA or delivery-associated contamination. Using fifteen publicly available 16S rRNA gene datasets, existing data were uniformly re-analyzed with DADA2 to maximize comparability. While Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) identified as Lactobacillus, a typical vaginal bacterium, were highly abundant and prevalent across studies, this prevalence disappeared after applying likely DNA contaminant removal to placentas from term cesarean deliveries. A six-study sub-analysis targeting the 16S rRNA gene V4 hypervariable region demonstrated that bacterial profiles of placental samples and technical controls share principal bacterial ASVs and that placental samples clustered primarily by study origin and mode of delivery. Contemporary DNA-based evidence does not support the existence of a placental microbiota.ImportanceEarly-gestational microbial influences on human development are unclear. By applying DNA sequencing technologies to placental tissue, bacterial DNA signals were observed, leading some to conclude that a live bacterial placental microbiome exists in typical term pregnancy. However, the low-biomass nature of the proposed microbiome and high sensitivity of current DNA sequencing technologies indicate that the signal may alternatively derive from environmental or delivery-associated bacterial DNA contamination. Here we address these alternatives with a re-analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data from 15 publicly available placental datasets. After identical DADA2 pipeline processing of the raw data, subanalyses were performed to control for mode of delivery and environmental DNA contamination. Both environment and mode of delivery profoundly influenced the bacterial DNA signal from term-delivered placentas. Aside from these contamination-associated signals, consistency was lacking across studies. Thus, placentas delivered at term are unlikely to be the original source of observed bacterial DNA signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Panzer
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA.
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Greenberg
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew D Winters
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jose Galaz
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin R Theis
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Detroit, MI, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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8
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Li CX, Gao J, Shi SR, Gao WW, Zhu XQ, Lei YP, Zhang Y, Zheng WB. The Seroprevalence of Chlamydia Infection in Sheep in Shanxi Province, China. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9120656. [PMID: 36548817 PMCID: PMC9784335 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9120656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia, an obligate intracellular bacterium, can cause chlamydiosis in humans and animals worldwide and also leads to serious economic losses to the sheep industry. However, the information on Chlamydia infection in sheep was limited in Shanxi Province, northern China. In the present study, a total of 984 serum samples of sheep were collected from 11 regions in Shanxi Province, northern China in the autumn of 2020. The antibodies against Chlamydia and Chlamydia abortus were examined by the indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The result showed that 351 (35.67%, 95% CI 32.68-38.66) of 984 serum samples were positive for Chlamydia, and the seroprevalence ranged from 6.67% to 70.79% among the different regions. In addition, antibodies to C. abortus infection were detected in 78 (7.93%, 95% CI 6.24-9.61) of 984 serum samples, and the seroprevalence ranged from 6.24% to 14.81% among the different regions. This is the first report on the seroprevalence of Chlamydia and C. abortus in sheep in Shanxi province, northern China. The findings provide baseline information for preventing and controlling Chlamydia infection in sheep in Shanxi Province, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Xu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jin Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Wen-Wei Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yu-Ping Lei
- Veterinary Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Taiyuan 030008, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Veterinary Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Taiyuan 030008, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.-B.Z.)
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (W.-B.Z.)
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9
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Expression of NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasome in Peripheral blood in Chinese patients with acute and chronic brucellosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15123. [PMID: 36068262 PMCID: PMC9448728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19398-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella abortus. An efficient immune response is crucial for curing brucellosis. The inflammasome plays a significant role in the immune response. It is unclear which inflammasome is active in acute and chronic brucellosis and how its levels relate to inflammatory cytokines. A total of 40 patients with acute or chronic brucellosis and 20 healthy volunteers had peripheral blood samples collected. The expression levels of AIM2, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 were determined by a real-time polymerase chain reaction from RNA and serum samples, and IL-1β, IL-18, and IFN-γ were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In the acute brucellosis group, AIM2 expression was significantly higher, while ACS expression was significantly lower than that of healthy volunteers. In patients with chronic brucellosis, AIM2 expression was significantly lower, while Caspase-1 expression was significantly higher than that of healthy volunteers. Serum IL-18 and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in patients with acute brucellosis than in healthy controls. The IFN-γ level was also significantly higher in patients with chronic brucellosis than in healthy controls. The inflammasome responds differently in different stages of brucellosis. The inflammasome may be the site of action of immune escape in brucellosis.
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10
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Berezowsky A, Romano A, Hochberg A, Krispin E, Danieli HZ, Krencel A, Hadar E. The correlation between placental histology and microbiologic infection in the diagnosis of chorioamnionitis in preterm delivery. Placenta 2022; 128:18-22. [PMID: 36049425 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study sought to investigate the correlation between histologically proven chorioamnionitis and placental bacteriologic infection in preterm births. METHODS Women who gave birth before 34 + 0 weeks' gestation at a tertiary medical center between the years 2018-2019 were identified by a database review. Data was collected on clinical characteristics and findings on placental histology, cultures, and polymerase chain reaction. The correlation between histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis and bacteriologic infection was evaluated. RESULTS Of 183 placentas included in the study, 88 (48.1%) were histologically positive for chorioamnionitis and 95 (51.9%) were negative. Baseline characteristics were similar in the patients with and without chorioamnionitis. Concordance rates between the histology and microbiology results in the two groups were 51.1% and 64.2%, respectively. Similar types of bacterial microorganisms were isolated in both groups, though at different rates. On chi-square analysis of association, a positive microbiological study had a sensitivity of 51.1%, specificity of 64.2%, and positive predictive value of 56.9% for predicting histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis. Histologically confirmed chorioamnionitis was associated with higher antepartum white blood cell count (14.2 ± 4.6 vs 12.3 ± 3.3 K/μL; p = 0.01), higher rate of clinically suspected chorioamnionitis (10.2% vs 1.1%, p = 0.02), and higher rate of neonatal adverse composite outcome (36.4% vs. 22.1%, p = 0.009). DISCUSSION The correlation between histologic and bacteriologic placental findings in the setting of early premature delivery is not high, nor is the clinical yield of placental bacteriology. The discordant results might be explained by early stage of bacterial infection, hard-to-cultivate bacterial species, noninfectious conditions, or contamination of the placental surfaces during passage through the vaginal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Berezowsky
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Asaf Romano
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, And Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Alyssa Hochberg
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, And Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Krispin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hadas Zafrir Danieli
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, And Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Krencel
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, And Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Hadar
- Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, And Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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De Asis-Cruz J, Andescavage N, Limperopoulos C. Adverse Prenatal Exposures and Fetal Brain Development: Insights From Advanced Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:480-490. [PMID: 34848383 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence from clinical and preclinical studies suggests that fetal vulnerability to adverse prenatal exposures increases the risk for neuropsychiatric diseases such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and depression. Recent advances in fetal magnetic resonance imaging have allowed us to characterize typical fetal brain growth trajectories in vivo and to interrogate structural and functional alterations associated with intrauterine exposures, such as maternal stress, environmental toxins, drugs, and obesity. Here, we review proposed mechanisms for how prenatal influences disrupt neurodevelopment, including the role played by maternal and fetal inflammatory responses. We summarize insights from magnetic resonance imaging research in fetuses, highlight recent discoveries in normative fetal development using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging techniques (i.e., three-dimensional volumetry, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, placental diffusion imaging, and functional imaging), and discuss how baseline trajectories are shaped by prenatal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josepheen De Asis-Cruz
- Developing Brain Institute, Department of Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Nickie Andescavage
- Developing Brain Institute, Department of Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Department of Neonatology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Catherine Limperopoulos
- Developing Brain Institute, Department of Radiology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC.
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12
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Wynn A, Mussa A, Ryan R, Hansman E, Simon S, Bame B, Moreri-Ntshabele B, Ramogola-Masire D, Klausner JD, Morroni C. Evaluating the diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in pregnant women to prevent adverse neonatal consequences in Gaborone, Botswana: protocol for the Maduo study. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:229. [PMID: 35255814 PMCID: PMC8899784 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are extremely common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that are associated with adverse birth and neonatal outcomes, and the risk of vertical transmission of CT and NG during delivery is high. The majority of CT and NG infections are asymptomatic and missed by the standard of care in most countries (treatment based on symptoms). Thus, it is likely that missed maternal CT and NG infections contribute to preventable adverse health outcomes among women and children globally. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of CT and NG testing for asymptomatic pregnant women to prevent adverse neonatal outcomes, understand the inflammatory response linking CT and NG infections to adverse neonatal outcomes, and conduct an economic analysis of the CT and NG testing intervention. METHODS The Maduo ("results" in Setswana) is a prospective, cluster-controlled trial in Gaborone, Botswana to compare a near point-of-care CT and NG testing and treatment intervention implemented in "study clinics" with standard antenatal care (World Health Organization-endorsed "syndromic management" strategy based on signs and symptoms without laboratory confirmation) implemented in "standard of care clinics" among asymptomatic pregnant women. The primary outcome is vertical transmission of CT/NG infection. Secondary outcomes include preterm birth (delivery < 37 completed weeks of gestation) and/or low birth weight (< 2500 g). The trial will also evaluate immunological and inflammatory markers of adverse neonatal outcomes, as well as the costs and cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared with standard care. DISCUSSION The Maduo study will improve our understanding of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of CT and NG testing among asymptomatic pregnant women. It will also increase knowledge about the CT/NG-related immune responses that might drive adverse neonatal outcomes. Further, results from this study could encourage expansion of STI testing during antenatal care in low resource settings and improve maternal and neonatal health globally. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT04955717, First posted: July 9, 2021)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Wynn
- University of California, San Diego, USA. .,Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Aamirah Mussa
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Rebecca Ryan
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Selebaleng Simon
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Bame Bame
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | | | | | - Chelsea Morroni
- Botswana Sexual and Reproductive Health Initiative, Gaborone, Botswana.,Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana.,University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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13
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Geteneh A, Biset S, Tadesse S, Admas A, Seid A, Belay DM. A vigilant observation to pregnancy associated listeriosis in Africa: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 2:e0001023. [PMID: 36962624 PMCID: PMC10021409 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The burden of human listeriosis, an emerging food-borne illness would be higher in Africa due to poor food processing practices. The severity of the disease and the high case fatality rate make human listeriosis an important public health problem. Besides, pregnant women and their fetuses are at higher risk of gaining human listeriosis. Thus, we planned to estimate the pooled prevalence of pregnancy-associated human listeriosis in Africa. Primary studies were exhaustively searched using PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and University of Gondar online research repository. Observational studies (cross-sectional) revealing the pregnancy-associated human listeriosis were incorporated. Eligible studies were selected and critically appraised for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal checklist. The required data were extracted and exported to Stata version 14 for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of pregnancy-associated human listeriosis in Africa was estimated using a weighted inverse random effect model. Sensitivity and sub-group analysis were conducted for evidence of heterogeneity. Among 639 reviewed articles, 5 articles were eligible with total study participants of 621. The pooled prevalence of pregnancy-associated listeriosis was found to be 5.17% (95% CI, 1.51, 8.82). The pooled level resistance of isolates was high. Cotrimoxazole and erythromycin were the relative choices of antibiotics for pregnancy-associated listeriosis in Africa. The burden of pregnancy-associated listeriosis in Africa was higher with an increased level of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, we recommend due attention to the deadly emerging disease in terms of health educations and the role of food hygiene particularly for risk groups, pregnant women. The antibiotics of choice should be after performing drug susceptibility test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alene Geteneh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Sirak Biset
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Selamyhun Tadesse
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Alemale Admas
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Abdu Seid
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Demeke Mesfin Belay
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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14
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Dorosti H, Eskandari S, Zarei M, Nezafat N, Ghasemi Y. Design of a multi-epitope protein vaccine against herpes simplex virus, human papillomavirus and Chlamydia trachomatis as the main causes of sexually transmitted diseases. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:105136. [PMID: 34775078 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) have a profound effect on reproductivity and sexual health worldwide. According to world health organization (WHO) 375 million new case of STD, including chlamydia trachomatis (chlamydia), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV, HPV has been reported in 2016. More than 30 diverse pathogenesis have identified to be transmitted through sexual intercourse. Of these, viral infections (hepatitis B, herpes simplex virus (HSV or herpes), HIV, and human papillomavirus (HPV) are incurable. However, symptoms caused by the incurable viral infections can be alleviated through treatment. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) to antibiotics has increased recent years, in this regard, vaccination is proposed as an important strategy for prevention or treatment of STDs. Vaccine against HPV 16 and 18 suggests a new approach for controlling STDs but until now, there is no prophylactic or therapeutic vaccine have been approved for HSV-2 and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT); in this reason, developing an efficient vaccine is inevitable. Recently, different combinatorial forms of subunit vaccines against two or three type of bacteria have been designed. In this study, to design a combinatorial vaccine against HSV, CT, and HPV, the E7 and L2 from HPV, glycoprotein D from HSV-2 and ompA from CT were selected as final antigens. Afterward, the immunodominant helper T lymphocytes (HTLs) and cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) epitopes were chosen from aforesaid antigens. P30 (tetanus toxoid epitope) as universal T-helper were also added to the vaccine. Moreover, flagellin D1/D0 as TLR5 agonist and the RS09 as a TLR4 ligand were incorporated to N and C-terminals of peptide vaccine, respectively. Finally, all selected parts were fused together by appropriate linkers to enhance vaccine efficiency. The physicochemical, structural, and immunological properties of the designed vaccine protein were assessed. To achieve the best 3D model of the protein vaccine, modeling, refinement, and validation of modeled structures were also done. Docking evaluation demonstrated suitable interaction between the vaccine and TLR5. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) studies showed an appropriate and stable structure of protein and TLR5. Based on immunoinformatic analysis, our vaccine candidate could potentially incite humoral and cellular immunities, which are critical for protection against HPV, HSV-2, and chlamydia trachomatis. It should be noted that, experimental studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of the designed vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesam Dorosti
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Eskandari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Zarei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Navid Nezafat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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15
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Girma L, Geteneh A, Amenu D, Kassa T. Isolation and characterization of Listeria monocytogenes among women attending Jimma University medical center, Southwest Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:564. [PMID: 34118865 PMCID: PMC8199527 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Listeria monocytogenes (LM) has come to be a major public health issue of at-risk groups, causing high morbidity and mortality. Despite this data, studies are very limited in developing countries like Ethiopia. Thus, we aimed to isolate and characterize LM in terms of antibiogram and biofilm formation among pregnant women with fever, women with a history of spontaneous abortion, women with a history of fetal loss, and women with preterm delivery at Jimma University Medical Center (JUMC), southwest Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was done among 144 women from June to August 2019. Isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation using disc diffusion and microtiter plate method, respectively. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, entered into Epidata 3.1 and logistic regression was done by SPSS v25.0. RESULTS LM was isolated in 8 (5.56%) of 144 screened women. The isolation rate of LM was relatively higher among women with a history of fetal loss (9.7%), followed by women with preterm delivery (6.25%). One of the six cord blood was positive for LM, indicating that the transplacental transmission rate at JUMC was 16.7%. More than 2% of women with an ongoing pregnancy were found to have LM septicemia, which could hurt their fetus. All of the isolates tested were susceptible to Ampicillin. However, all of the isolates were resistant to Penicillin and Meropenem and were biofilm producers. CONCLUSIONS The high magnitude of pregnancy-related listeriosis in the current study setting appears that implementation of educational programs targeting risk reduction and more studies to identify sources of LM are warranted. The choice of antibiotics should be after susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lencho Girma
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Mizan Aman College of Health Sciences, Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Alene Geteneh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
| | - Demisew Amenu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfaye Kassa
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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16
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Kohn M, Lanfermann C, Laudeley R, Glage S, Rheinheimer C, Klos A. Complement and Chlamydia psittaci: Early Complement-Dependent Events Are Important for DC Migration and Protection During Mouse Lung Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:580594. [PMID: 33767691 PMCID: PMC7986412 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.580594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic intracellular bacterium Chlamydia psittaci causes life-threatening pneumonia in humans. During mouse lung infection, complement factor C3 and the anaphylatoxin C3a augment protection against C. psittaci by a so far unknown mechanism. To clarify how complement contributes to the early, innate and the late, specific immune response and resulting protection, this study addresses the amount of C3, the timing when its presence is required as well as the anaphylatoxin receptor(s) mediating its effects and the complement-dependent migration of dendritic cells. Challenge experiments with C. psittaci on various complement KO mice were combined with transient decomplementation by pharmacological treatment, as well as the analysis of in vivo dendritic cells migration. Our findings reveal that a plasma concentration of C3 close to wildtype levels was required to achieve full protection. The diminished levels of C3 of heterozygote C3+/- mice permitted already relative effective protection and improved survival as compared to C3-/- mice, but overall recovery of these animals was delayed. Complement was in particular required during the first days of infection. However, additionally, it seems to support protection at later stages. Migration of CD103+ dendritic cells from the infected lung to the draining lymph node-as prerequisite of antigen presentation-depended on C3 and C3aR and/or C5aR. Our results provide unique mechanistic insight in various aspects of complement-dependent immune responses under almost identical, rather physiological experimental conditions. Our study contributes to an improved understanding of the role of complement, and C3a in particular, in infections by intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kohn
- Medical School Hannover, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Lanfermann
- Medical School Hannover, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Laudeley
- Medical School Hannover, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Medical School Hannover, Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Rheinheimer
- Medical School Hannover, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Medical School Hannover, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
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17
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Faure-Bardon V, Ville Y. Maternal infections: revisiting the need for screening in pregnancy. BJOG 2021; 128:304-315. [PMID: 32937015 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The decision to implement screening for infections during pregnancy depends upon epidemiological, economic, therapeutic and test performance criteria. It therefore varies with public health priorities from country to country. When screening is implemented, the first trimester has become the best time slot to build individual care pathways in this field. This is most relevant for evaluating the risk of embryonic consequences, planning diagnostic testing, initiating primary or secondary prevention and optimising the accuracy of ultrasound follow-up. This article is a critical appraisal of epidemiological data and current international screening recommendations for infections in pregnancy. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: Screening for infections in pregnancy: a critical review of current epidemiological evidence and international guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Faure-Bardon
- EA 73-28, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Maternity, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Y Ville
- EA 73-28, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Maternity, AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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18
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Kohn M, Lanfermann C, Laudeley R, Glage S, Rheinheimer C, Klos A. Complement and Chlamydia psittaci: Non-Myeloid-Derived C3 Predominantly Induces Protective Adaptive Immune Responses in Mouse Lung Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626627. [PMID: 33746963 PMCID: PMC7969653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in complement research have revolutionized our understanding of its role in immune responses. The immunomodulatory features of complement in infections by intracellular pathogens, e.g., viruses, are attracting increasing attention. Thereby, local production and activation of complement by myeloid-derived cells seem to be crucial. We could recently show that C3, a key player of the complement cascade, is required for effective defense against the intracellular bacterium Chlamydia psittaci. Avian zoonotic strains of this pathogen cause life-threatening pneumonia with systemic spread in humans; closely related non-avian strains are responsible for less severe diseases of domestic animals with economic loss. To clarify how far myeloid- and non-myeloid cell-derived complement contributes to immune response and resulting protection against C. psittaci, adoptive bone marrow transfer experiments focusing on C3 were combined with challenge experiments using a non-avian (BSL 2) strain of this intracellular bacterium. Surprisingly, our data prove that for C. psittaci-induced pneumonia in mice, non-myeloid-derived, circulating/systemic C3 has a leading role in protection, in particular on the development of pathogen-specific T- and B- cell responses. In contrast, myeloid-derived and most likely locally produced C3 plays only a minor, mainly fine-tuning role. The work we present here describes authentic, although less pronounced, antigen directed immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kohn
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Lanfermann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Laudeley
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Claudia Rheinheimer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Klos
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical School Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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19
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Ribeiro IM, Souto PCS, Borbely AU, Tanabe ELL, Cadavid A, Alvarez AM, Bueno J, Agudelo O, Robles RG, Ayala-Ramírez P, Sacerdoti F, Szasz T, Damiano AE, Ibarra C, Escudero C, Lima VV, Giachini FR. The limited knowledge of placental damage due to neglected infections: ongoing problems in Latin America. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2021; 66:151-169. [PMID: 32482148 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1753850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The placenta works as a selective barrier, protecting the fetus from potential infections that may affect the maternal organism during pregnancy. In this review, we will discuss several challenging infections that are common within Latin American countries and that may affect the maternal-fetal interface and pose risks to fetal development. Specifically, we will focus on emerging infectious diseases including the arboviruses, malaria, leishmaniasis, and the bacterial foodborne disease caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. We will also highlight some topics of interest currently being studied by research groups that comprise an international effort aimed at filling the knowledge gaps in this field. These topics address the relationship between exposure to microorganisms and placental abnormalities, congenital anomalies, and complications of pregnancy. ABBREVIATIONS ADE: antibody-dependent enhancement; CCL2: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; CCL3: macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α; CCL5: chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5; CHIKV: chikungunya virus; DCL: diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis; DENV: dengue virus; Gb3: glycolipid globotriaosylceramyde; HIF: hypoxia-inducible factor; HUS: hemolytic uremic syndrome; IFN: interferon; Ig: immunoglobulins; IL: interleukin; IUGR: intrauterine growth restriction; LCL: localized cutaneous leishmaniasis; LPS: lipopolysaccharid; MCL: mucocutaneous leishmaniasis; NO: nitric oxide; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PGF: placental growth factor; PM: placental malaria; RIVATREM: Red Iberoamericana de Alteraciones Vasculares em transtornos del Embarazo; sVEGFR: soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; STEC: shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli; stx: shiga toxin protein; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; TOAS: T cell original antigenic sin; Var2CSA: variant surface antigen 2-CSA; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor; VL: visceral leishmaniasis; WHO: world health organization; YFV: yellow fever virus; ZIKV: Zika virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Moreti Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Histopathology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso , Barra Do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Paula Cristina Souza Souto
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Histopathology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso , Barra Do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre U Borbely
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas , Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Eloiza Lopes Lira Tanabe
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Institute of Health and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas , Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Angela Cadavid
- Grupo Reproducción, Facultad De Medicina Universidad De Antioquia , Medellin, Colombia
| | - Angela M Alvarez
- Grupo Reproducción, Facultad De Medicina Universidad De Antioquia , Medellin, Colombia
| | - Julio Bueno
- Grupo Reproducción, Facultad De Medicina Universidad De Antioquia , Medellin, Colombia
| | - Olga Agudelo
- Grupo Salud Y Comunidad, Facultad De Medicina Universidad De Antioquia , Medellin, Colombia
| | - Reggie García Robles
- Physiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Ayala-Ramírez
- Human Genetics Institute, Facultad De Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana , Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Flavia Sacerdoti
- Laboratorio De Fisiopatogenia, Instituto De Fisiología Y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)- CONICET- Departamento De Fisiología, Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Buenos Aires . Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Theodora Szasz
- Departamento of Physiology, Augusta University , Augusta, USA
| | - Alicia E Damiano
- Cátedra De Biología Celular Y Molecular, Departamento De Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad De Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Universidad De Buenos Aires . Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio De Biología De La Reproducción, Instituto De Fisiología Y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)- CONICET- Facultad De Medicina, Universidad De Buenos Aires . Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristina Ibarra
- Cátedra De Biología Celular Y Molecular, Departamento De Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad De Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Universidad De Buenos Aires . Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Basic Sciences Department Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Del Bio-Bio , Chillan, Chile
| | - Victor V Lima
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Histopathology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso , Barra Do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Histopathology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso , Barra Do Garcas, Brazil
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Armstrong-Mensah E, Ebiringa DP, Whitfield K, Coldiron J. Genital Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Adverse Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes in Children and Women in sub-Saharan Africa. Int J MCH AIDS 2021; 10:251-257. [PMID: 34900393 PMCID: PMC8647192 DOI: 10.21106/ijma.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) has adverse health outcomes for women and children. In pregnant women, the infection causes adverse obstetric outcomes including pelvic inflammation, ectopic pregnancy, and miscarriage. In children, it causes adverse birth outcomes such as skin rash, lesions, limb abnormalities, conjunctivitis, neurological damage, and even death. This article discusses genital CT prevalence, risk factors, and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes among women and children in sub-Saharan Africa as well as challenges associated with the mitigation of the disease. A comprehensive search of databases including PubMed, ResearchGate, and Google Scholar was conducted using keywords such as genital chlamydia trachomatis, adverse pregnancy outcomes, adverse birth outcomes, and sub-Saharan African. We found that genital CT prevalence rates in some sub-Saharan Africa countries were higher than others and that risk factors such as the lack of condom use, having multiple sexual partners, and low educational levels contribute to the transmission of the infection. We also found that negative cultural practices, illiteracy among women, and the lack of access to screening services during pregnancy are some of the challenges associated with CT mitigation in sub-Saharan Africa. To reduce genital CT transmission in sub-Saharan Africa, efforts must be made by country governments to eliminate negative cultural practices, promote female literacy, and provide access to screening services for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaleb Whitfield
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
| | - Jake Coldiron
- Georgia State University, School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA
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21
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Lesteberg KE, Fader DS, Beckham JD. Pregnancy Alters Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Zika Virus Infection in the Reproductive Tract. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2020; 205:3107-3121. [PMID: 33127823 PMCID: PMC7686295 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) have been associated with birth defects, including microcephaly and neurologic impairment. However, the mechanisms that confer potential susceptibility to ZIKV during pregnancy remain unclear. We hypothesized that poor outcomes from ZIKV infection during pregnancy are due in part to pregnancy-induced alteration of innate immune cell frequencies and cytokine expression. To examine the impact of pregnancy on innate immune responses, we inoculated immunocompetent pregnant and nonpregnant female C57BL/6 mice with 5 × 105 focus-forming units of ZIKV intravaginally. Innate immune cell frequencies and cytokine expression were measured by flow cytometry at day 3 postinfection. Compared with nonpregnant mice, pregnant mice exhibited higher frequencies of uterine macrophages (CD68+) and CD11c+ CD103+ and CD11c+ CD11b+ dendritic cells. Additionally, ZIKV-infected pregnant mice had lower frequencies of CD45+ IL-12+ and CD11b+ IL-12+ cells in the uterus and spleen. Next, we measured the frequencies of Ag-experienced CD4 (CD4+ CD11a+ CD49d+) and CD8 (CD8lo CD11ahi) T cells at day 10 postinfection to determine the impact of pregnancy-associated changes in innate cellular IL-12 responses on the adaptive immune response. We found that pregnant mice had lower frequencies of uterine Ag-experienced CD4 T cells and ZIKV-infected pregnant mice had lower frequencies of uterine Ag-experienced CD8 T cells compared with ZIKV-infected nonpregnant mice. These data show that pregnancy results in altered innate and adaptive immune responses to ZIKV infection in the reproductive tract of mice and that pregnancy-associated immune modulation may play an important role in the severity of acute ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Lesteberg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Dana S Fader
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
| | - J David Beckham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045;
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045; and
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045
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22
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Thiévent K, Szentiványi T, Aeby S, Glaizot O, Christe P, Greub G. Presence and diversity of Chlamydiae bacteria in Spinturnix myoti, an ectoparasite of bats. Parasite 2020; 27:54. [PMID: 33135998 PMCID: PMC7605392 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia spp. and Chlamydia-like organisms are able to infect vertebrates such as mammals, reptiles and birds, but also arthropods and protozoans. Since they have been detected in bats and bat feces, we expected Chlamydiae bacteria to also be present in the mite Spinturnix myoti, an ectoparasite of mouse-eared bats (Myotis spp.). The prevalence of Chlamydiales in 88 S. myoti was 57.95% and significantly depended on bat host species. In addition, the prevalence was significantly different between bat species living in sympatry or in allopatry. While there was uninterpretable sequencing for 16 samples, eight showed best BLAST hit identities lower than 92.5% and thus corresponded to new family-level lineages according to the established taxonomy cut-off. The four remaining sequences exhibited best BLAST hit identities ranging from 94.2 to 97.4% and were taxonomically assigned to three different family-level lineages, with two of them belonging to the Parachlamydiaceae, one to the Simkaniaceae, and one to the Chlamydiaceae. These results highlighted for the first time the presence of Chlamydia-like organisms and the possible zoonotic origin of Chlamydia sp. in S. myoti ectoparasites of bats, and therefore suggest that these ectoparasites may play a role in maintaining and/or transmitting members of the Chlamydiae phylum within Myotis spp. bat populations. Our results further highlight that the wide diversity of bacteria belonging to the Chlamydiae phylum is largely underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Thiévent
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria (CRIB), Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Tamara Szentiványi
- Museum of Zoology 1005 Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Aeby
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria (CRIB), Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Olivier Glaizot
- Museum of Zoology 1005 Lausanne Switzerland
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Philippe Christe
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria (CRIB), Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne 1011 Lausanne Switzerland
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23
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Monteiro C, Kasahara T, Sacramento PM, Dias A, Leite S, Silva VG, Gupta S, Agrawal A, Bento CAM. Human pregnancy levels of estrogen and progesterone contribute to humoral immunity by activating T FH /B cell axis. Eur J Immunol 2020; 51:167-179. [PMID: 33012073 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Circulating TFH (cTFH ) cells express CXCR5, PD-1, and, when activated, ICOS, and release IL-21. According to the production of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-17 and expression of FoxP3, these cells are also classified as cTFH 1, cTFH 2, cTFH 17, and cTFR cells, respectively. This CD4+ T-cell subset is pivotal to efficient humoral immunity, and pregnancy appears to favor IgG production. Here, not only pregnancy amplified the in vivo production of anti-HBsAg IgG in HBV immunized women, but the frequency of cTFH cells was directly correlated with estradiol levels. In vitro, pregnancy-related dose of 17-β-estradiol (E2) directly increased the percentage of different cTFH subsets. While E2 and progesterone (P4) increased the proportion of differentiated TFH cells derived from naïve CD4+ T-cells, only E2 amplified the release of IL-21 in those cell cultures. In addition, E2 and P4 increased the proportion of memory B cells and plasma cells, respectively. In SEB-activated B/TFH cell co-cultures, E2, in the presence of P4, increased the production of total IgG. Finally, among the hormones, P4 was stronger in upregulating the percentage of IL-10+ TFR cells. Collectively, our findings suggested that E2 and P4 cooperate in the humoral immune response by favoring the expansion of different cTFH and B cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Monteiro
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Taissa Kasahara
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Priscila M Sacramento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aleida Dias
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Microbiology, University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Simone Leite
- Fernando Figueiras Institute, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vander G Silva
- Fernando Figueiras Institute, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sudhir Gupta
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cleonice A M Bento
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Fernando Figueiras Institute, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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24
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Hensel ME, Chaki SP, Stranahan L, Gregory AE, van Schaik EJ, Garcia-Gonzalez DG, Khalaf O, Samuel JE, Arenas-Gamboa AM. Intratracheal Inoculation with Brucella melitensis in the Pregnant Guinea Pig Is an Improved Model for Reproductive Pathogenesis and Vaccine Studies. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00204-20. [PMID: 32690632 PMCID: PMC7504952 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00204-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive failure is the hallmark of brucellosis in animals. An uncommon but important complication in pregnant women who become acutely infected with Brucella melitensis is spontaneous pregnancy loss or vertical transmission to the fetus. Unfortunately, the mechanism behind reproductive failure is still obscure, partially due to the lack of a proper study model. Recently, it was demonstrated that intratracheal (IT) inoculation of nonpregnant guinea pigs would replicate features of clinical disease in humans. To determine if IT inoculation would induce reproductive disease, guinea pigs were infected at mid-gestation and monitored daily for fever and abortions. Fever developed between day 14 to 18 postinoculation, and by 3 weeks postinoculation, 75% of pregnant guinea pigs experienced stillbirths or spontaneous abortions mimicking natural disease. Next, to investigate the guinea pig as a model for evaluating vaccine efficacy during pregnancy, nonpregnant guinea pigs were vaccinated with S19, 16MΔvjbR + Quil-A, or 100 μl PBS + Quil-A (as control). Guinea pigs were bred and vaccinated guinea pigs were challenged at mid-gestation with B. melitensis IT inoculation and monitored for fever and abortions. Vaccination with both vaccines prevented fever and protected against abortion. Together, this study indicates that pregnant guinea pigs are an appropriate animal model to study reproductive disease and offer an improved model to evaluate the ability of vaccine candidates to protect against a serious manifestation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha E Hensel
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sankar P Chaki
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Stranahan
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Anthony E Gregory
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Erin J van Schaik
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel G Garcia-Gonzalez
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Omar Khalaf
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Poultry Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - James E Samuel
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Angela M Arenas-Gamboa
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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25
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Chisu V, Foxi C, Masu G, D' Amaddio B, Masala G. Detection of potentially pathogenic bacteria from Ixodes ricinus carried by pets in Tuscany, Italy. Vet Rec Open 2020; 7:e000395. [PMID: 33024565 PMCID: PMC7500295 DOI: 10.1136/vetreco-2020-000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ticks are vectors of disease-causing pathogens that pose a serious threat to animals and people. Dogs and cats are exposed to tick infestation in multiple ways and can easily transport infected ticks into domestic environments and potentially transfer them to people. Pet owners are at increased risk of picking up ticks from their pets and developing tickborne diseases. This study aims to detect the presence of pathogens of potential public health interest in ticks removed from cats and dogs in Tuscany, Italy. Methods The collected ticks were screened for the presence of protozoan (Theileria species and Babesia species) and bacterial (Rickettsia species, Anaplasma species, Ehrlichia species, Chlamydia species, Bartonella species and Coxiella burnetii) pathogens using PCR. Results PCR and sequencing analysis revealed that 3 per cent of the ticks were PCR-positive for the presence of Rickettsia helvetica DNA, 5 per cent of ticks were PCR-positive for Bartonella henselae DNA, and 46 per cent of ticks were PCR-positive for Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia abortus DNA. None of the examined ticks was PCR-positive for Theileria species, Babesia species, Anaplasma species, Ehrlichia canis or Coxiella burnetii DNA. Conclusion The results of this preliminary study highlight the importance of monitoring companion animals as indicators to evaluate the health status of their owners. Preventive measures are necessary to limit the spread of zoonotic pathogens from companion animals to people within the home environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Chisu
- Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Sassari, Italy
| | - Cipriano Foxi
- Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Sassari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Masu
- Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Masala
- Animal Health Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna G Pegreffi, Sassari, Italy
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A predation assay using amoebae to screen for virulence factors unearthed the first W. chondrophila inclusion membrane protein. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19485. [PMID: 31862969 PMCID: PMC6925127 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Waddlia chondrophila is an intracellular bacterium phylogenetically related to the well-studied human and animal pathogens of the Chlamydiaceae family. In the last decade, W. chondrophila was convincingly demonstrated to be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans and abortions in animals. All members of the phylum Chlamydiae possess a Type Three Secretion System that they use for delivering virulence proteins into the host cell cytosol to modulate their environment and create optimal conditions to complete their life cycle. To identify W. chondrophila virulence proteins, we used an original screening approach that combines a cosmid library with an assay monitoring resistance to predation by phagocytic amoebae. This technique combined with bioinformatic data allowed the identification of 28 candidate virulence proteins, including Wimp1, the first identified inclusion membrane protein of W. chondrophila.
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27
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Interactions Screenings Unearth Potential New Divisome Components in the Chlamydia-Related Bacterium, Waddlia chondrophila. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7120617. [PMID: 31779160 PMCID: PMC6956297 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7120617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydiales order members are obligate intracellular bacteria, dividing by binary fission. However, Chlamydiales lack the otherwise conserved homologue of the bacterial division organizer FtsZ and certain division protein homologues. FtsZ might be functionally replaced in Chlamydiales by the actin homologue MreB. RodZ, the membrane anchor of MreB, localizes early at the division septum. In order to better characterize the organization of the chlamydial divisome, we performed co-immunoprecipitations and yeast-two hybrid assays to study the interactome of RodZ, using Waddlia chondrophila, a potentially pathogenic Chlamydia-related bacterium, as a model organism. Three potential interactors were further investigated: SecA, FtsH, and SufD. The gene and protein expression profiles of these three genes were measured and are comparable with recently described division proteins. Moreover, SecA, FtsH, and SufD all showed a peripheral localization, consistent with putative inner membrane localization and interaction with RodZ. Notably, heterologous overexpression of the abovementioned proteins could not complement E. coli mutants, indicating that these proteins might play different functions in these two bacteria or that important regulators are not conserved. Altogether, this study brings new insights to the composition of the chlamydial divisome and points to links between protein secretion, degradation, iron homeostasis, and chlamydial division.
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28
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Baud D, Ammerdorffer A, Buffe Y, Vouga M, Greub G, Stojanov M. Impact of Waddlia chondrophila infection on pregnancy in the mouse. New Microbes New Infect 2019; 33:100619. [PMID: 31885870 PMCID: PMC6921213 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular bacterium Waddlia chondrophila, which belongs to the Chlamydiales order, was found to be associated with miscarriage in humans. There is little to no knowledge regarding the mode of infection, impact on the neonate and pathophysiology of this emerging bacterium. We have previously shown that W. chondrophila induces a systemic infection, organ pathology and elicits T helper type 1-associated humoral immunity in a murine model of genital infection. In the present study, we took advantage of this model of infection to evaluate the impact of this bacterium on the mouse pregnancy. We used two routes of inoculation, vaginal and intrauterine, to introduce infection before and after mating. Our results show that genital infection by W. chondrophila did not have any significant impact on gestation length and maternal weight gain, nor on the number of offspring and their weight. This observation indicates that the mouse model of infection is not suitable to study the effect of W. chondrophila on pregnancy and alternative models of infection, including in vitro ones, should be used. Moreover, an indirect immunopathological mechanism activated by this bacterium should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Baud
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
- Corresponding authors: D. Baud, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
| | - A. Ammerdorffer
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Y. Buffe
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - M. Vouga
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - G. Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Stojanov
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
- Corresponding authors: M. Stojanov, Department of Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland.
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29
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Kledmanee K, Liabsuetrakul T, Sretrirutchai S. Seropositivities against brucellosis, coxiellosis, and toxoplasmosis and associated factors in pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcomes: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216652. [PMID: 31071166 PMCID: PMC6508713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucellosis, coxiellosis, and toxoplasmosis can be transmitted from infected ruminants to pregnant women and may induce adverse pregnancy outcomes; however, there are to date few studies. This study aimed to examine the seropositivities of immunoglobulin G (IgG) against those three pathogens among pregnant women with adverse pregnancy outcomes, and to explore the associated factors. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Thailand, where goat production is common. A total of 105 pregnant Thai women who had adverse pregnancy outcomes and serum samples collected at first antenatal care visit before their 28th gestational week from June 2015 to June 2016 were included. The seropositivities of IgG anti-Brucella abortus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Coxiella burnetii antibodies were tested by using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Associated factors with seropositivity were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. Results Most women were Muslim aged 20–34 years and 32.4% had a prior history of one or more adverse pregnancy outcomes. One-third of the women had been exposed to goats or raw goat products. Of the 105 serum samples, the seropositivity of anti-T. gondii IgG was highest (33/105, 31.4%), followed by anti-C. burnetii IgG (2/105, 1.9%), and anti-B. abortus IgG (1/105, 1.0%), respectively. None of the pregnant women were found to be co-seropositive for those three pathogens. Conclusions One-third of women with adverse pregnancy outcomes showed positive antibodies for toxoplasmosis, coxiellosis and brucellosis. A dose-response relationship between seropositivity of anti-T. gondii IgG and age was noticed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Kledmanee
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | - Somporn Sretrirutchai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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30
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Kledmanee K, Liabsuetrakul T, Sretrirutchai S. Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and seroprevalence for brucellosis in pregnant women exposed to goats or raw goat products in southern Thailand: a prospective cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:118. [PMID: 30953474 PMCID: PMC6451268 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2267-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregnant women infected with brucellosis have been shown to have higher odds of having been exposed to goats and raw goat products and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, information on these associations in asymptomatic pregnant women is limited, particularly in the brucellosis-endemic areas. This study aimed to assess the association of a history of exposure to goats and/or raw goat products and the serological status of anti-Brucella abortus immunoglobulin G (IgG) with adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women, and explore factors associated with having exposure to goats and/or raw goat products. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among pregnant women from July 2015 to July 2016 at Songkhla province in southern Thailand. All pregnant women who came for antenatal care (ANC) visits were approached. Blood samples from the women who agreed to participate were randomly tested for anti-Brucella abortus IgG. The women were then followed for adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Of 666 pregnant women, the majority (74.4%) were aged 20-34 years and Muslim (89.2%), 30.6% indicated exposure to goats or raw goat products, and 17.3% had adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women rearing goats at home or having neighbors rearing goats were more likely to be exposed to goats or raw goat products by cutaneous contact. Of 465 women having a blood test, 3.7% had seropositive results for anti-Brucella abortus IgG. No association with adverse pregnancy outcomes was found in the women reporting any exposure to goat and raw goat products. Having the first ANC visit at the first trimester and history of preterm birth or low birth weight newborn were independent risk factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Women who had positive serological results were more likely to have a history of drinking raw goat milk than those who had negative results significantly. CONCLUSIONS Although no association between past exposure with goats and raw goat products and adverse pregnancy outcomes was found, women with past exposure showed positive anti-Brucella abortus IgG. Counseling on avoiding consumption of raw goat milk would be beneficial to prevent goat-related infection in pregnant women in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Kledmanee
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Liabsuetrakul
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand.
| | - Somporn Sretrirutchai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Bommana S, Polkinghorne A. Mini Review: Antimicrobial Control of Chlamydial Infections in Animals: Current Practices and Issues. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:113. [PMID: 30778341 PMCID: PMC6369208 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia are a genus of successful obligate intracellular pathogens spread across humans, wildlife, and domesticated animals. The most common species reported in livestock in this genus are Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia suis, and Chlamydia pecorum. Chlamydial infections trigger a series of inflammatory disease-related sequelae including arthritis, conjunctivitis, pneumonia, and abortion. Other bacteria in the phylum Chlamydiae have also been reported in livestock and wildlife but their impact on animal health is less clear. Control of chlamydial infections relies on the use of macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. Tetracycline resistance (TETR) reported for porcine C. suis strains in association with the use of tetracycline feed is a potentially significant concern given experimental evidence highlighting that the genetic elements inferring TETR may be horizontally transferred to other chlamydial species. As documented in human Chlamydia trachomatis infections, relapse of infections, bacterial shedding post-antibiotic treatment, and disease progression despite chlamydial clearance in animals have also been reported. The identification of novel chlamydiae as well as new animal hosts for previously described chlamydial pathogens should place a renewed emphasis on basic in vivo studies to demonstrate the efficacy of existing and new antimicrobial treatment regimes. Building on recent reviews of antimicrobials limited to C. trachomatis and C. suis, this review will explore the use of antimicrobials, the evidence and factors that influence the treatment failure of chlamydial infections in animals and the future directions in the control of these important veterinary pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankhya Bommana
- The Animal Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
| | - Adam Polkinghorne
- The Animal Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Baud D, Vulliemoz N, Ammerdorffer A, Gyger J, Greub G, Castella V, Stojanov M. Waddlia chondrophila, a Chlamydia-related bacterium, has a negative impact on human spermatozoa. Hum Reprod 2019; 33:3-10. [PMID: 29145645 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What is the impact of Waddlia chondrophila, an emerging Chlamydia-related bacterium associated with miscarriage, on human spermatozoa? SUMMARY ANSWER W. chondrophila had a negative impact on human spermatozoa (decrease in viability and mitochondrial membrane potential) and was not entirely removed from infected samples by density gradient centrifugation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Bacterial infection or colonization might have a deleterious effect on male fertility. Waddlia chondrophila was previously associated with miscarriage, but its impact on male reproductive function has never been studied. STUDY DESIGN SIZE, DURATION An in vitro model of human spermatozoa infection was used to assess the effects of W. chondrophila infection. Controls included Chlamydia trachomatis serovar D and latex beads with similar size to bacteria. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Purified motile spermatozoa were infected with W. chondrophila (multiplicity of infection of 1). Immunohistochemistry combined with confocal microscopy was used to evaluate how bacteria interact with spermatozoa. The impact on physiology was assessed by monitoring cell viability, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Using super-resolution confocal microscopy, bacteria were localized on spermatozoa surface, as well as inside the cytoplasm. Compared to controls, W. chondrophila caused a 20% increase in mortality over 72 h of incubation (P < 0.05). Moreover, higher bacterial loads significantly reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Bacteria present on spermatozoa surface were able to further infect a cell-monolayer, indicating that sperm might vector bacteria during sexual intercourse. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION The main limitation of the study is the use of an in vitro model of infection, which might be too simplistic compared to an actual infection. An animal model of infection should be developed to better evaluate the in vivo impact of W. chondrophila. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Intracellular bacteria, including C. trachomatis, Mycoplasma spp. and Ureaplasma spp., are associated with male infertility. Waddlia chondrophila might represent yet another member of this group, highlighting the need for more rigorous microbiological analysis during investigations for male infertility. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work has been funded by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland, and by the Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant nos. 310030-156169/1, 320030-169853/1 and 320030-169853/2 attributed to D.B.). D.B. is also supported by the 'Fondation Leenaards' through the 'Bourse pour la relève académique', by the 'Fondation Divesa' and by the 'Loterie Romande'. No conflicts of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Baud
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre-Decker 2, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Vulliemoz
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - A Ammerdorffer
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre-Decker 2, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Gyger
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre-Decker 2, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - V Castella
- Forensic Genetics Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Stojanov
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Avenue Pierre-Decker 2, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Sacerdoti F, Scalise ML, Burdet J, Amaral MM, Franchi AM, Ibarra C. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Infections during Pregnancy. Microorganisms 2018; 6:E111. [PMID: 30360505 PMCID: PMC6313425 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms6040111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal infection with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. The main virulence factor of STEC is Shiga toxin (Stx), which is responsible for HUS development. STEC can produce Stx type 1 and/or 2 (Stx1, Stx2) and their variants, Stx2 being more frequently associated with severe cases of HUS. This pathology occurs in 5⁻15% of cases with STEC infection when Stx gain access to the bloodstream and causes damage in the target organs such as the kidney and brain. STEC infections affect mainly young children, although the large HUS outbreak with a new Stx2-producing STEC O104:H4 in Europe in 2011 involved more adults than children, and women were over-represented. Maternal infections during pregnancy are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Studies in rats showed that Stx2 binds to the utero-placental unit and causes adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this article, we provide a brief overview of Stx2 action on placental tissues and discuss whether they might cause pregnancy loss or preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Sacerdoti
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - María Luján Scalise
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - Juliana Burdet
- Laboratorio de Hematología, Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Buenos Aires 1629, Argentina.
| | - María Marta Amaral
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - Ana María Franchi
- CEFYBO-CONICET, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
| | - Cristina Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina.
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Segado-Arenas A, Atienza-Cuevas L, Broullón-Molanes JR, Rodríguez-González M, Lubián-López SP. Late stillbirth due to listeriosis. AUTOPSY AND CASE REPORTS 2018; 8:e2018051. [PMID: 30775326 PMCID: PMC6360831 DOI: 10.4322/acr.2018.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeriosis is a sporadic infectious disease, which affects high-risk populations, such as the elderly, pregnant women, newborns, and immunocompromised patients. During pregnancy, listeriosis usually presents like a mild non-specific infection, but it may be responsible for fetal loss, preterm labor, early onset neonatal sepsis, and neonatal death. We report the case of a late stillbirth secondary to maternal chorioamnionitis. Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the amniotic fluid and the fetal pleural fluid. The fetal autopsy revealed a disseminated inflammatory response with multi-organ involvement. This case illustrates the importance of the prevention and the diagnosis of listeriosis during gestation and may help us to understand the physiopathology of fetal loss due to listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Segado-Arenas
- Hospital Universitário Puerta del Mar, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology. Cádiz, Spain
| | - Lidia Atienza-Cuevas
- Hospital Universitário Puerta del Mar, Department of Pathological Anatomy. Cádiz, Spain
| | - José Roman Broullón-Molanes
- Hospital Universitário Puerta del Mar, Department of Women Integral Attention, Division of Obstetrics. Cádiz, Spain
| | - Moisés Rodríguez-González
- Hospital Universitário Puerta del Mar, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology. Cádiz, Spain
| | - Simón Pedro Lubián-López
- Hospital Universitário Puerta del Mar, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology. Cádiz, Spain
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35
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Fischer A, Rudel T. Safe haven under constant attack-The Chlamydia-containing vacuole. Cell Microbiol 2018; 20:e12940. [PMID: 30101516 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia belong to the group of obligate intracellular bacteria that reside in a membrane bound vacuole during the entire intracellular phase of their life cycle. This vacuole called inclusion shields the bacteria from adverse influences in the cytosol of the host cell like the destructive machinery of the cell-autonomous defence system. The inclusion thereby prevents the digestion and eradication in specialised compartments of the intact and viable cell called phagolysosomes or autophagolysosomes. It is becoming more and more evident that keeping the inclusion intact also prevents the onset of cell intrinsic cell death programmes that are activated upon damage of the inclusion and direct the cell to destruct itself and the pathogen inside. Chlamydia secrete numerous proteins into the inclusion membrane to protect and stabilise their unique niche inside the host cell. We will focus in this review on the diverse attack strategies of the host aiming at the destruction of the Chlamydia-containing inclusion and will summarise the current knowledge on the protection mechanisms elaborated by the bacteria to maintain the integrity of their replication niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Department of Microbiology, University of Würzburg Biocenter, Würzburg, Germany
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36
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Stojanov M, Baud D, Greub G, Vulliemoz N. Male infertility: the intracellular bacterial hypothesis. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 26:37-41. [PMID: 30224969 PMCID: PMC6138880 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a disease that affects one in seven couples. As male infertility affects approximately 30% of these couples with an unknown cause in half the cases, it represents a major public health concern. The classic treatment of male infertility involves intrauterine insemination, with modest outcome, and in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection, which is known to be invasive and expensive, without treating the specific cause of infertility. Male fertility is mainly evaluated through a semen assessment where abnormal parameters such as concentration and motility can be associated with a decreased chance of conception. Infectious processes represent plausible candidates for male infertility. Chlamydia trachomatis is well known to cause female infertility through tubal damage but its role in male infertility remains controversial. The link between ureaplasmas/mycoplasmas and male infertility is also debatable. The potential negative impact of these bacteria on male fertility might not only involve semen parameters but also, as with C. trachomatis, include important physiological mechanisms such as fertilization processes that are not routinely assessed during infertility investigation. Basic research is important to help determine the exact effect of these bacteria on male fertility to develop targeted treatment and go beyond in vitro fertilization with intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stojanov
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - D Baud
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
| | - G Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - N Vulliemoz
- Fertility Medicine and Gynaecological Endocrinology Unit, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Switzerland
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37
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Vertical Transmission of Listeria monocytogenes: Probing the Balance between Protection from Pathogens and Fetal Tolerance. Pathogens 2018; 7:pathogens7020052. [PMID: 29799503 PMCID: PMC6027155 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection of the developing fetus from pathogens is one of the many critical roles of the placenta. Listeria monocytogenes is one of a select number of pathogens that can cross the placental barrier and cause significant harm to the fetus, leading to spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, preterm labor, and disseminated neonate infection despite antibiotic treatment. Such severe outcomes serve to highlight the importance of understanding how L. monocytogenes mediates infiltration of the placental barrier. Here, we review what is currently known regarding vertical transmission of L. monocytogenes as a result of cell culture and animal models of infection. In vitro cell culture and organ models have been useful for the identification of L. monocytogenes virulence factors that contribute to placental invasion. Examples include members of the Internalin family of bacterial surface proteins such as Interalin (Inl)A, InlB, and InlP that promote invasion of cells at the maternal-fetal interface. A number of animal models have been used to interrogate L. monocytogenes vertical transmission, including mice, guinea pigs, gerbils, and non-human primates; each of these models has advantages while still not providing a comprehensive understanding of L. monocytogenes invasion of the human placenta and/or fetus. These models do, however, allow for the molecular investigation of the balance between fetal tolerance and immune protection from L. monocytogenes during pregnancy.
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Ziegler SM, Feldmann CN, Hagen SH, Richert L, Barkhausen T, Goletzke J, Jazbutyte V, Martrus G, Salzberger W, Renné T, Hecher K, Diemert A, Arck PC, Altfeld M. Innate immune responses to toll-like receptor stimulation are altered during the course of pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2018; 128:30-37. [PMID: 29886307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy the maternal immune system has to develop tolerance towards the developing fetus. These changes in maternal immunity can result in increased severity of certain infections, but also in amelioration of autoimmune diseases. Pregnancy-related hormones have been suggested to play a central role in the adaptation of the maternal immune system, but their specific effects on innate immune function is not well understood. In a longitudinal study of pregnant women, we investigated innate immune cell function in response to toll-like receptors (TLR) 4 and 7 stimulation, two TLR pathways playing a critical role in early innate immune recognition of bacteria and viruses. IFNα production by TLR7-stimulated pDCs was decreased in early pregnancy, and increased towards the end of pregnancy. In contrast, pro-inflammatory TLR4-induced TNFα production by monocytes was increased during early pregnancy, but declined after the first trimester. Changes in cytokine production were associated with changes in pregnancy-related hormones and monocyte subpopulations over the course of pregnancy. These data demonstrating a significant association between pregnancy-related hormones and modulation of innate immune responses mediated by TLRs provide novel insights into the immunological adaptations occurring during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Maria Ziegler
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Cai Niklaas Feldmann
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Sven Hendrik Hagen
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Laura Richert
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany; Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, F-94010, France; Université Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Inria, SISTM, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, pôle de santé publique, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tanja Barkhausen
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Janina Goletzke
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Virginija Jazbutyte
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Gloria Martrus
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Salzberger
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Thomas Renné
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna (L1:00), SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kurt Hecher
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Anke Diemert
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Petra Clara Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Fetal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20251, Germany.
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Thomas P, Spaargaren J, Kant R, Lawrence R, Dayal A, Lal JA, Morré SA. Burden of Chlamydia trachomatis in India: a systematic literature review. Pathog Dis 2018; 75:3861257. [PMID: 28582495 PMCID: PMC5808648 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (hereafter CT) is Gram-negative, obligate intracellular pathogen. It causes the world's most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease. India is home to the world's greatest burden of infectious diseases, yet information on prevalence rates of CT is scarce. This article systematically reviews the literature for the prevalence rates and testing methods in India. A total of 27 studies were included. Four main patients groups (symptomatic women, infertile women, pregnant women and asymptomatic population groups) could be identified with varying rates of CT (0.1%-32% using PCR, 2.4%-75% using ELISA serology). Most of the studies originated from urban settings, 11 of them from New Delhi. In-house PCR was the most common diagnostic technique used generating the following ranges in prevalence for the four group studies: symptomatic women 10%-50%, pregnant women 0.1%-2.5% and asymptomatic populations 0.9%-24.5%. The rates among infertile women were 9%-68% based on serology results. The prevalence rates featured in this paper are in line with other locations across the Indian subcontinent. This review highlights the extreme heterogeneity in the limited studies available in India on CT and the need for standardized guidelines for diagnosis and management of CT in India. The availability of resources should be considered in the formulation of recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Thomas
- Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research School GROW (School for Oncology and Developmental Biology), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Joke Spaargaren
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Rajiv Kant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
| | - Rubina Lawrence
- Department of Industrial Microbiology, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
| | - Arvind Dayal
- Shalom Institute Of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
| | - Jonathan A Lal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
| | - Servaas A Morré
- Institute for Public Health Genomics (IPHG), Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research School GROW (School for Oncology and Developmental Biology), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Noord-Holland 1081HV, the Netherlands.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India
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Dambaeva S, Schneiderman S, Jaiswal MK, Agrawal V, Katara GK, Gilman-Sachs A, Hirsch E, Beaman KD. Interleukin 22 prevents lipopolysaccharide- induced preterm labor in mice. Biol Reprod 2018; 98:299-308. [PMID: 29315356 PMCID: PMC6669419 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is widespread and causes 35% of all neonatal deaths. Infants who survive face potential long-term complications. A major contributing factor of preterm birth is infection. We investigated the role of interleukin 22 (IL22) as a potential clinically relevant cytokine during gestational infection. IL22 is an effector molecule secreted by immune cells. While the expression of IL22 was reported in normal nonpregnant endometrium and early pregnancy decidua, little is known about uterine IL22 expression during mid or late gestational stages of pregnancy. Since IL22 has been shown to be an essential mediator in epithelial regeneration and wound repair, we investigated the potential role of IL22 during defense against an inflammatory response at the maternal-fetal interface. We used a well-established model to study infection and infection-associated inflammation during preterm birth in the mouse. We have shown that IL22 is upregulated to respond to an intrauterine lipopolysaccharide administration and plays an important role in controlling the risk of inflammation-induced preterm birth. This paper proposes IL22 as a treatment method to combat infection and prevent preterm birth in susceptible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Dambaeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sylvia Schneiderman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jaiswal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Varkha Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Gajendra K Katara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alice Gilman-Sachs
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kenneth D Beaman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Molecular evidence of Chlamydiales in ticks from wild and domestic hosts in Sardinia, Italy. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:981-987. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5772-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Agustí G, Le Calvez T, Trouilhé MC, Humeau P, Codony F. Presence of Waddlia chondrophila in hot water systems from non-domestic buildings in France. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2018; 16:44-48. [PMID: 29424717 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2017.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Waddlia chondrophila has been related to respiratory tract infections and human and animal fetal death. Although several sources of infection have been suggested, the actual source remains unknown and limited information exists on the prevalence of W. chondrophila in the environment. This pathogen has been previously detected in well water but its presence has not been confirmed in water networks. Since these bacteria have been detected in water reservoirs, it has been hypothesized that they can access artificial water systems and survive until they find appropriate conditions to proliferate. In this work, their presence in water samples from 19 non-domestic water networks was tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Approximately half of the networks (47%) were positive for W. chondrophila and the overall results revealed 20% positive samples (12/59). Furthermore, most of the samples showed low concentrations of the pathogen (<200 genomic units/L). This finding demonstrates that W. chondrophila can colonize some water networks. Therefore, they must be considered as potential infection sources in future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Agustí
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain and GenIUL, Carrer de la Ciutat d'Assunción 4, Barcelona 08030, Spain E-mail:
| | - Thomas Le Calvez
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, AQUASIM, 11 rue Henri Picherit, BP 82341, Nantes cedex 3 44323, France
| | - Marie-Cecile Trouilhé
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, AQUASIM, 11 rue Henri Picherit, BP 82341, Nantes cedex 3 44323, France; Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, Direction Opérationnelle HES - Division Canalisations, 84 avenue Jean Jaurès, Champs-sur-Marne, Marne-la-Vallée cedex 2 77447, France
| | - Philippe Humeau
- Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment, AQUASIM, 11 rue Henri Picherit, BP 82341, Nantes cedex 3 44323, France
| | - Francesc Codony
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 22, Terrassa 08222, Spain and GenIUL, Carrer de la Ciutat d'Assunción 4, Barcelona 08030, Spain E-mail:
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Chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia-like bacteria: new enemies of human pregnancies. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2018; 30:289-296. [PMID: 28306562 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an update on the roles of Chlamydia trachomatis and the related Waddlia chondrophila and Parachlamydia acanthamoebae in miscarriage, stillbirths and preterm labour in humans. A broad audience, including microbiologist, infectiologists, obstetricians and gynaecologists, should be aware of the potential threat of these Chlamydiales for human reproduction. RECENT FINDINGS Despite increasing laboratory techniques and possibilities to perform diagnostic tests, the cause of miscarriage is only identified in 50% of the cases. Intracellular bacteria, such as C. trachomatis and Chlamydia-related bacteria, are difficult to detect in routine clinical samples and could represent possible agents of miscarriages. C. trachomatis is considered the world largest sexual transmitted bacterial agent and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome in human. In the last decade Chlamydia-like organisms, such as W. chondrophila and P. acanthamoebae, have also been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in human and/or animals. SUMMARY We review here the current evidences for a pathogenic role in humans, the diagnostic approaches and possible treatment options of C. trachomatis, W. chondrophila and P. acanthamoebae.
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Kenny LC, Kell DB. Immunological Tolerance, Pregnancy, and Preeclampsia: The Roles of Semen Microbes and the Father. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 4:239. [PMID: 29354635 PMCID: PMC5758600 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2017.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely considered, in many cases, to involve two separable stages (poor placentation followed by oxidative stress/inflammation), the precise originating causes of preeclampsia (PE) remain elusive. We have previously brought together some of the considerable evidence that a (dormant) microbial component is commonly a significant part of its etiology. However, apart from recognizing, consistent with this view, that the many inflammatory markers of PE are also increased in infection, we had little to say about immunity, whether innate or adaptive. In addition, we focused on the gut, oral and female urinary tract microbiomes as the main sources of the infection. We here marshall further evidence for an infectious component in PE, focusing on the immunological tolerance characteristic of pregnancy, and the well-established fact that increased exposure to the father's semen assists this immunological tolerance. As well as these benefits, however, semen is not sterile, microbial tolerance mechanisms may exist, and we also review the evidence that semen may be responsible for inoculating the developing conceptus (and maybe the placenta) with microbes, not all of which are benign. It is suggested that when they are not, this may be a significant cause of PE. A variety of epidemiological and other evidence is entirely consistent with this, not least correlations between semen infection, infertility and PE. Our view also leads to a series of other, testable predictions. Overall, we argue for a significant paternal role in the development of PE through microbial infection of the mother via insemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C. Kenny
- The Irish Centre for Fetal and Neonatal Translational Research (INFANT), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- The Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Bayramova F, Jacquier N, Greub G. Insight in the biology of Chlamydia-related bacteria. Microbes Infect 2017; 20:432-440. [PMID: 29269129 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The Chlamydiales order is composed of obligate intracellular bacteria and includes the Chlamydiaceae family and several family-level lineages called Chlamydia-related bacteria. In this review we will highlight the conserved and distinct biological features between these two groups. We will show how a better characterization of Chlamydia-related bacteria may increase our understanding on the Chlamydiales order evolution, and may help identifying new therapeutic targets to treat chlamydial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firuza Bayramova
- Centre for Research on Intracellular Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 48, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Jacquier
- Centre for Research on Intracellular Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 48, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Centre for Research on Intracellular Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Centre and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 48, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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46
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Vidal S, Kegler K, Greub G, Aeby S, Borel N, Dagleish MP, Posthaus H, Perreten V, Rodriguez-Campos S. Neglected zoonotic agents in cattle abortion: tackling the difficult to grow bacteria. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:373. [PMID: 29197401 PMCID: PMC5712085 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1294-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coxiella burnetii, Chlamydia abortus and Leptospira spp. are difficult to grow bacteria that play a role in bovine abortion, but their diagnosis is hampered by their obligate intracellular lifestyle (C. burnetii, C. abortus) or their lability (Leptospira spp.). Their importance is based on the contagious spread in food-producing animals, but also as zoonotic agents. In Switzerland, first-line routine bacteriological diagnostics in cattle abortions is regulated by national law and includes only basic screening by staining for C. burnetii due to the high costs associated with extended spectrum analysis. The aim of this study was to assess the true occurrence of these zoonotic pathogens in 249 cases of bovine abortion in Switzerland by serology (ELISA for anti-C. burnetii and C. abortus antibodies and microscopic agglutination test for anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies), molecular methods (real-time PCR and sequencing of PCR products of Chlamydiales-positive cases), Stamp's modification of the Ziehl-Neelsen (mod-ZN) stain and, upon availability of material, by histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS After seroanalysis the prevalence was 15.9% for C. burnetii, 38.5% for C. abortus and 21.4% for Leptospira spp. By real-time PCR 12.1% and 16.9% of the cases were positive for C. burnetii and Chlamydiales, respectively, but only 2.4% were positive for C. burnetii or Chlamydiales by mod-ZN stain. Sequencing of PCR products of Chlamydiales-positive cases revealed C. abortus in 10% of cases and the presence of a mix of Chlamydiales-related bacteria in 5.2% of cases. Pathogenic Leptospira spp. were detected in 5.6% of cases. Inflammatory lesions were present histologically in all available samples which were real-time PCR-positive for Chlamydiales and Leptospira spp. One of 12 real-time PCR-positive cases for C. burnetii was devoid of histological lesions. None of the pathogens could be detected by IHC. CONCLUSION Molecular detection by real-time PCR complemented by histopathological analysis is recommended to improve definitive diagnosis of bovine abortion cases and determine a more accurate prevalence of these zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vidal
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 1, CH-3001 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristel Kegler
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 48, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sebastien Aeby
- Institute of Microbiology, University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Bugnon 48, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Borel
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 270, CH – 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark P. Dagleish
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh, Scotland EH26 0PZ UK
| | - Horst Posthaus
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Rodriguez-Campos
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 122, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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Vouga M, Baud D, Greub G. Simkania negevensis may produce long-lasting infections in human pneumocytes and endometrial cells. Pathog Dis 2017; 75:ftw115. [PMID: 28087650 PMCID: PMC5353995 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simkania negevensis is a novel Chlamydia-related bacterium and the founding member of the Simkaniaceae family within the Chlamydiales order. Little is known about the biology and pathogenesis of this bacterium. So far, S. negevensis has been considered as an amoebal symbiont, but its natural host remains unknown. Moreover, evidence of human exposition has been reported worldwide and an association with pneumonia and bronchiolitis is suspected. Here, we evaluated the ability of S. negevensis to replicate in potential environmental reservoirs, namely amoebae and arthropods, as well as in mammalian cells (Vero cells, pneumocytes and endometrial cells) and further evaluated the characteristics of its replicative vacuole. We demonstrated that S. negevensis efficiently replicates in all cell lines tested, with the shortest doubling time and an increased adhesion observed in pneumocytes. Our work highlights the specificities of the Simkania-containing vacuole compared to other Chlamydiales; contrarily to Chlamydia trachomatis, S. negevensis does not disrupt the Golgi apparatus. Importantly, our work suggests that S. negevensis infection is associated with few cytopathic effects and might persist for a prolonged time in infected cells. Further evaluation of its implication in human diseases is required; an implication in chronic or subacute respiratory infections might be suspected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Vouga
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department 'Femme-Mère-Enfant', Maternity, University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne and University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Baud
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department 'Femme-Mère-Enfant', Maternity, University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gilbert Greub
- Center for Research on Intracellular Bacteria, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne and University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Infectious Disease Service, University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yao Y, Li H, Ding J, Xia Y, Wang L. Progesterone impairs antigen-non-specific immune protection by CD8 T memory cells via interferon-γ gene hypermethylation. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006736. [PMID: 29155896 PMCID: PMC5714395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women and animals have increased susceptibility to a variety of intracellular pathogens including Listeria monocytogenes (LM), which has been associated with significantly increased level of sex hormones such as progesterone. CD8 T memory(Tm) cell-mediated antigen-non-specific IFN-γ responses are critically required in the host defense against LM. However, whether and how increased progesterone during pregnancy modulates CD8 Tm cell-mediated antigen-non-specific IFN-γ production and immune protection against LM remain poorly understood. Here we show in pregnant women that increased serum progesterone levels are associated with DNA hypermethylation of IFN-γ gene promoter region and decreased IFN-γ production in CD8 Tm cells upon antigen-non-specific stimulation ex vivo. Moreover, IFN-γ gene hypermethylation and significantly reduced IFN-γ production post LM infection in antigen-non-specific CD8 Tm cells are also observed in pregnant mice or progesterone treated non-pregnant female mice, which is a reversible phenotype following demethylation treatment. Importantly, antigen-non-specific CD8 Tm cells from progesterone treated mice have impaired anti-LM protection when adoptive transferred in either pregnant wild type mice or IFN-γ-deficient mice, and demethylation treatment rescues the adoptive protection of such CD8 Tm cells. These data demonstrate that increased progesterone impairs immune protective functions of antigen-non-specific CD8 Tm cells via inducing IFN-γ gene hypermethylation. Our findings thus provide insights into a new mechanism through which increased female sex hormone regulate CD8 Tm cell functions during pregnancy. Increased female sex hormones during pregnancy generate a temporary immune suppression status in the pregnant that protect the developing fetus from maternal rejection but renders the pregnant highly susceptible to various pathogens. However, molecular mechanisms underlying such an increased maternal susceptibility to pathogens during pregnancy remain to be further understood. Here we show in pregnant women that increased progesterone levels are associated with IFN-γ gene hypermethylation and reduced IFN-γ production in peripheral CD8 Tm cells. By using murine models of LM infection, for the first time we show a causal relationship between increased level of progesterone, a characteristic female sex hormone of pregnancy, and increased susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes, an intracellular bacterium that endangers both the pregnant and the fetus. Such an impact on anti-listeria host defense is mediated through progesterone-induced IFN-γ gene hypermethylation in CD8 Tm cells, resulting in impaired IFN-γ production and reduced immune protection by antigen-non-specific CD8 Tm cells. This study provides new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility to intracellular pathogens during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Yao
- McMaster Immunology Research Center, Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Hematology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Xia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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O'Rourke K, Murphy T, Srinivas SK, Pegues DA. Preparing for Emerging Infectious Diseases in the Perinatal Population. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2017; 47:245-253. [PMID: 28736265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The unprecedented scale of the 2014-2015 Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa and the recent emergence and rapid spread of Zika virus infection and resultant neonatal sequelae show that the geographic range, spread, and effect of emerging infections are unpredictable. Lessons learned from analyzing the response of an academic medical center to care for pregnant women with suspected or confirmed Ebola virus disease can help health care professionals address future threats from emerging infections.
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50
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Lagier JC, Diagne N, Fenollar F, Tamalet C, Sokhna C, Raoult D. Vaginal self-sampling as a diagnosis tool in low-income countries and potential applications for exploring the infectious causes of miscarriage. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:609-620. [PMID: 28604063 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological health is a challenge in low-income countries. Personal opposition to perineal examination has been overcome by the use of vaginal self-sampling. Here, we review the use of this procedure notably in low-income countries and the main infectious causes of miscarriage. Vaginal self-sampling was mainly used for human papillomavirus detection but also to detect microorganisms causing sexually transmitted infections or bacterial vaginosis. 58 studies have been performed in low-resource countries, mainly studies performed to detect human papillomavirus in urban and peri-urban areas and demonstrating excellent acceptability. Several infectious causes of miscarriage could be tested using self-vaginal samples. In the future, such strategies coupled with a rapid-identification point-of-care method could allow the development of screening and treatment programs in rural areas in low-resource countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Lagier
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Campus International UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Nafissatou Diagne
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Campus International UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Florence Fenollar
- Aix-Marseille Université URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Catherine Tamalet
- Aix-Marseille Université URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Aix-Marseille Université, URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, Inserm U1095, Campus International UCAD-IRD, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Didier Raoult
- Aix-Marseille Université URMITE, IHU Méditerranée-Infection, UM63, CNRS 7278, IRD 198, INSERM 1095, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 5, France
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