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Ratliff EL, Morris AS, Cui L, Jespersen JE, Silk JS, Criss MM. Supportive parent-adolescent relationships as a foundation for adolescent emotion regulation and adjustment. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1193449. [PMID: 37546468 PMCID: PMC10400008 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1193449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of supportive parent-adolescent relationships on adolescent adjustment (i.e., prosocial behavior, aggression, depressive symptoms) both directly and indirectly (via adolescent emotion regulation). Scholars have posited that adolescent emotion regulation (ER) may serve as an underlying mechanism in the link between parenting and adolescent adjustment. Supportive parent-adolescent relationships (i.e., openness, acceptance, emotional responsiveness) may be a key emotion socialization mechanism influencing adolescent ER. Methods The sample included 206 adolescents (Age Range= 10-18years; 51% female; 70.4% ethnic minorities) and one primary caregiver (83.3% biological mothers, 38.7% single parents). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was implemented to investigate the direct and indirect (via adolescent ER) effects of supportive parent-adolescent relationships on adolescent adjustment. We also explored whether these indirect and direct effects varied by adolescent sex and age. Results Results suggested direct and indirect (via adolescent ER) links between supportive parent-adolescent relationships and adolescent prosocial behavior, aggressive behavior, and depressive symptoms. Moreover, evidence indicated that many of these pathways were significant for boys but not girls. No evidence of youth age as a moderator was found. Discussion These findings highlight the important role supportive parent-adolescent relationships play in adolescent emotional and behavioral adjustment. Parenting programs could focus on facilitating a mutually responsive parent-adolescent relationship with a specific focus on the dynamic nature of emotion socialization during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Ratliff
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Science, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Amanda S. Morris
- Department of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Lixian Cui
- Division of Arts and Sciences, New York University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jens E. Jespersen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Science, Tulsa, OK, United States
| | - Jennifer S. Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Michael M. Criss
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University, Tulsa, OK, United States
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2
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Foroughe M, Browne DT, Thambipillai P, Cordeiro K, Muller RT. Brief emotion-focused family therapy: A 12-month follow-up study. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2023; 49:394-410. [PMID: 36682069 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a 12-month follow-up evaluation of caregivers after participating in a 2-day Emotion-focused family therapy (EFFT) intensive, a brief intervention for caregivers of youth struggling with mental health difficulties. Caregivers (N = 498) of children (N = 337) completed measures of caregiver self-efficacy and child mental health difficulties 1 week before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and at 4, 8, and 12-month follow-ups. Piecewise latent trajectory models revealed that parental self-efficacy showed a large immediate increase following the intervention, β = 1.61 (1.32, 2.14), and although this effect was attenuated by 4 months, β = -0.77 (-1.31, -0.52), it did not change further by 12 months. Reductions in child mental health difficulties were observed by 4 months, β = -0.54 (-0.77, -0.37), and remained stable through the 12-month follow-up. Caregivers reporting more increases in self-efficacy also reported greater reductions in their children's symptoms at 4 and 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirisse Foroughe
- Emotion Transformation Lab, Family Psychology Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dillon T Browne
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Robert T Muller
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Morgan JK, Conner KK, Fridley RM, Olino TM, Grewen KM, Silk JS, Iyengar S, Cyranowski JM, Forbes EE. Adolescents' Hormonal Responses to Social Stress and Associations with Adolescent Social Anxiety and Maternal Comfort: A Preliminary Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023:10.1007/s10578-023-01521-0. [PMID: 36995488 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-023-01521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Both social support and social stress can impact adolescent physiology including hormonal responses during the sensitive transition to adolescence. Social support from parents continues to play an important role in socioemotional development during adolescence. Sources of social support and stress may be particularly impactful for adolescents with social anxiety symptoms. The goal of the current study was to examine whether adolescent social anxiety symptoms and maternal comfort moderated adolescents' hormonal response to social stress and support. We evaluated 47 emotionally healthy 11- to 14-year-old adolescents' cortisol and oxytocin reactivity to social stress and support using a modified version of the Trier Social Stress Test for Adolescents that included a maternal comfort paradigm. Findings demonstrated that adolescents showed significant increases in cortisol and significant decreases in oxytocin following the social stress task. Subsequently, we found that adolescents showed significant decreases in cortisol and increases in oxytocin following the maternal comfort paradigm. Adolescents with greater social anxiety symptoms showed higher levels of cortisol at baseline but greater declines in cortisol response following maternal social support. Social anxiety symptoms were unrelated to oxytocin response to social stress or support. Our findings provide further evidence that mothers play a key role in adolescent regulation of physiological response, particularly if the stressor is consistent with adolescents' anxiety. More specifically, our findings suggest that adolescents with higher social anxiety symptoms show greater sensitivity to maternal social support following social stressors. Encouraging parents to continue to serve as a supportive presence during adolescent distress may be helpful for promoting stress recovery during the vulnerable transition to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith K Morgan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.
| | | | | | - Thomas M Olino
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Satish Iyengar
- Department of Statistics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | | | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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4
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Commonality and Specificity in Chinese Parental Emotion Socialization and Adolescents' Psychological Functioning: A Bifactor Approach. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2023; 51:743-760. [PMID: 36607475 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-022-01017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the conceptual relations among different parental emotion socialization processes (i.e., whether and how they are distinct or share common components) and their developmental implications for adolescents is limited, especially within Asian cultural contexts. Guided by the parental emotion socialization framework, this study aimed to: (1) investigate a conceptual model that delineates general and specific components in parental emotion socialization with both adolescents and parents within a contemporary Asian cultural context-Beijing, China, and (2) examine whether the common and specific processes predicted adolescents' psychological functioning six months later for both informants. Participants included 1486 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 15.11 years; 52.6% males) and their primary caregivers (Mage = 44.93 years; 44.9% males). Both adolescents and parents self-reported on parental emotion socialization and adolescents completed a measure of their psychological functioning at two time-points. We evaluated the fit of one-factor, first-order factor, and bifactor models for both informants separately. Results indicated a good fit of the bifactor model with a proposed general factor of parent meta-emotion philosophy and specific factors of parental reaction and emotional expressivity, with partial factorial invariance of the parental reaction factor across informants. The common and specific factors uniquely predicted adolescents' psychological functioning. Findings inform the parental emotion socialization framework, particularly our conceptual understanding of the different processes with Asian samples, and have practical implications for the design and implementation of comprehensive and culturally relevant parenting interventions in support of adolescent psychological functioning.
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Lee J, Choi KH. Mother-Child Social Cognition Among Multicultural Families in South Korea. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:883212. [PMID: 35845467 PMCID: PMC9277018 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.883212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Despite the rapidly growing number of multicultural families in South Korea, factors influencing parenting and mother-child interactions have not been well-understood. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to have examined how maternal social-cognitive capacity is associated with children's social cognition (e.g., theory of mind and emotion recognition) among multicultural families dwelling in South Korea. Methods Forty-seven multicultural mother-child dyads were recruited. The comprehensive measures on social cognition were administered to both the mothers and children, and social functioning and emotion regulation were administered to the children. Results A series of hierarchical regressions indicated that mothers' social cognition significantly explained children's ability to recognize static and dynamic emotional expressions, accounting for 27 and 34% of the variance, respectively. Furthermore, mothers' social cognition was significantly correlated to children's social functioning and emotion regulation. However, mothers' social cognition and children's theory of mind were non-significantly related. Discussion The current study examined the effects of social cognition of immigrant mothers on their children's socio-emotional development. As the findings indicated an important role of maternal factors (i.e., social cognition) for children's social cognition and their functions, psycho-social approaches (e.g., social cognition parenting education and training) should be incorporated in services for multicultural families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kee-Hong Choi
- School of Psychology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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6
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McCauley DM, Fosco GM. Family and individual risk factors for triangulation: Evaluating evidence for emotion coaching buffering effects. FAMILY PROCESS 2022; 61:841-857. [PMID: 34355393 PMCID: PMC8816974 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents who are triangulated into interparental conflict are at increased risk for psychological maladjustment. However, little is known about factors that may predict family risk for triangulating adolescents, or protective factors that can off-set this risk. In this study, we conducted longitudinal tests of family, parent, and adolescent factors that might predict increases in triangulation over time. The sample included 174 adolescents and their mother figures from two-parent families (58% female; Mage = 14.75 years) who provided data on two occasions, six months apart. Hierarchical linear regression models evaluated family, parent, and adolescent risk factors for triangulation into interparental conflict, and subsequently parent's emotion coaching and adolescent gender as potential moderators of risk for triangulation. Findings revealed that low family cohesion, parent depression, and adolescent difficulties with emotion regulation represented risks for triangulation. Parent emotion coaching moderated the association between low interparental love and triangulation differentially based on adolescent gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin M McCauley
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory M Fosco
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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Oddo LE, Miller NV, Felton JW, Cassidy J, Lejuez CW, Chronis-Tuscano A. Maternal Emotion Dysregulation Predicts Emotion Socialization Practices and Adolescent Emotion Lability: Conditional Effects of Youth ADHD Symptoms. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2022; 50:211-224. [PMID: 32778993 PMCID: PMC7874497 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-020-00686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Maternal emotional functioning and emotion socialization practices can facilitate or hinder children's emotional development, and youth with symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are at increased risk for emotion lability. However, little is known about the independent and interactive effects of maternal emotion dysregulation and adolescent ADHD symptoms on maternal emotion socialization and adolescent emotion lability over time. Using secondary data analyses of a longitudinal community sample of youth and their mothers (Nbaseline = 247; 43.7% female), the current study examined direct and indirect effects of maternal emotion dysregulation on adolescent emotion lability via supportive and non-supportive emotion socialization practices as mediators, and the extent to which adolescent ADHD symptoms moderated these longitudinal pathways. Mothers reported on all study constructs. Results showed that non-supportive parenting responses to adolescents' negative emotional expressions partially mediated the association between maternal emotion dysregulation and adolescent emotion lability, and the effect was stronger at higher levels of youth ADHD symptom severity. Results suggest that parent- and youth-level characteristics interact to confer risk for non-supportive emotion socialization practices and adolescent emotion lability. This research contributes uniquely to theory and research on ADHD and emotional functioning across adolescence. Future research should extend this work by utilizing multi-modal assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. Oddo
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, 4094 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742
| | - Natalie V. Miller
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, 4094 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742
| | - Julia W. Felton
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, 4094 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742
- Michigan State University, Division of Public Health, 200 East 1st St Flint, MI 48502
| | - Jude Cassidy
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, 4094 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742
| | - Carl W. Lejuez
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, 4094 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742
- University of Kansas, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, 1450 Jayhawk Blvd. Lawrence, KS 66045
| | - Andrea Chronis-Tuscano
- University of Maryland, College Park, Department of Psychology, 4094 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742
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Mestre JM, Taubner S, Mota CP, Rangel Henriques M, Saliba A, Heinonen E, Ramos S, Moreno-Peral P, Volkert J, Adler A, Barkauskiene R, Conejo-Cerón S, Di Giacomo D, Ioannou Y, Mucha Vieira F, Røssberg JI, Sales CMD, Schmidt SJ, Stepisnik Perdih T, Ulberg R, Protić S. Theories of Change and Mediators of Psychotherapy Effectiveness in Adolescents With Externalising Behaviours: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2022; 12:730921. [PMID: 35095586 PMCID: PMC8795767 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.730921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Externalising behaviours are becoming a remarkably prevalent problem during adolescence, often precipitating both externalising and internalising disorders in later adulthood. Psychological treatments aim to increase the social functioning of adolescents in order for them to live a more balanced life and prevent these negative trajectories. However, little is known of the intervening variables and mediators involved in these treatments' change mechanisms. We conducted a systematic review, exploring the available evidence on mediators of psychological treatments for externalising behaviours and symptoms amongst adolescents (10 to 19 years old). METHODS A systematic search was performed on Medline and PsycINFO databases, which identified studies from inception to February 23, 2020. Eligible studies included randomised controlled trials that enrolled adolescents with externalising symptoms and behaviours as, at least, one of the primary outcomes. A group of 20 reviewers from the COST-Action TREATme (CA16102) were divided into 10 pairs. Each pair independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted information from the included studies, and assessed the methodological quality of the included studies and the requirements for mediators, following Kazdin's criteria. Risk of bias of RCTs was assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Extracted data from the included studies were reported using a narrative synthesis. RESULTS Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PRISMA), after removing duplicates, 3,660 articles were screened. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. In a second stage, 965 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 14 studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria. The majority were related to systemic psychological treatment approaches. Two types of mediators were identified as potentially being involved in the mechanisms of change for better social improvements of adolescents: to increase healthier parent-adolescent relationships and parental discipline. However, there were significant and non-significant results amongst the same mediators, which led to discussing the results tentatively. CONCLUSIONS Family variables were found to be the largest group of investigated mediators, followed by relational, behavioural, and emotional variables. No cognitive or treatment-specific mediators were identified. Both adequate behavioural control of adolescents' peer behaviour and a better positive balance in their relationships with their parents seemed to buffer the effects of externalising behaviours in adolescents. Several methodological limitations concerning mediation testing design, outcome measures, and mediator selection have been identified. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was not required. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021231835.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Mestre
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), Universidad de Cádiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Svenja Taubner
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catarina Pinheiro Mota
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Margarida Rangel Henriques
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Saliba
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Malta and Mental Health Services Malta, Valletta, Malta
| | - Erkki Heinonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Ramos
- Instituto para el Desarrollo Social y Sostenible (INDESS), Universidad de Cádiz, Cadiz, Spain
| | | | - Jana Volkert
- Institute for Psychosocial Prevention, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Psychology, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Asta Adler
- Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Dina Di Giacomo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Yianna Ioannou
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Filipa Mucha Vieira
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jan Ivar Røssberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Célia M. D. Sales
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Psychology and Education Science, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefanie J. Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Randi Ulberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Protić
- Institute of Criminological and Sociological Research, Belgrade, Serbia
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The Relationships Among Maternal Meta-emotion Philosophy, Maternal Video-Mediated Cognitions, and Adolescent Behavior Adjustment in Taiwan. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 54:711-721. [PMID: 34779972 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01283-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the relationships among maternal meta-emotion philosophy, maternal video-mediated cognitions, and adolescent behavior adjustment. We adopt video-mediated recall methods to obtain mothers' perceptions of their interaction with their children. In total, 121 pairs of mothers (age, M = 42.55) and their adolescent children (age, M = 12.34) were videotaped for 10 min while discussing daily issues. The mothers reviewed the tape (30 episodes) and rated their own behaviors and the counterparts' behaviors on 8 cognitive or affective dimensions. The mothers also completed a parental meta-emotion philosophy inventory, and the adolescents completed the Youth Self-Report. The results indicate that maternal emotional dysfunction has a positive effect on adolescents' externalizing problem behaviors through mothers' perceptions of conflictual interaction. These findings highlight the importance of considering maternal meta-emotion philosophy in the mother-adolescent interaction process and understanding adolescent problem behaviors.
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10
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Abstract
The present study examined the moderating effects of parental meta-emotion philosophy on the relation between family stress and youth internalizing symptoms. A two-study approach was applied to explore these relations in socioeconomically diverse samples with respect to a self-reported parental emotion coaching (EC) and parental emotion dismissing (ED) meta-emotion philosophy in Study 1 (N = 153; youth ages 10-17 years; 52% female; 49% White, 26% multiracial, 17% African American, 6% Asian American, 1% Latinx, and 1% American Indian) and observed parental EC and ED behaviors in whole-family interactions in Study 2 (N = 82; youth ages 8-11.75 years; 52% female; 57% White, 22% African American, 19% multiracial, and 2% Asian). Across both studies, EC was a buffer such that positive associations between family stress and youth internalizing symptoms were only present when parental EC philosophy or EC behaviors were lower. Additionally, in Study 1, more EC was protective: the relation between family stress and youth internalizing symptoms was negative when parental EC philosophy was higher. Findings suggest parental EC buffers youth internalizing symptoms from the detrimental effects of family stress. Therefore, the inclusion of family-level risk processes and the effects of both parental beliefs and observed parenting behaviors can inform research on youth psychosocial adjustment.
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11
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Curtis K, Zhou Q, Tao A. Emotion talk in Chinese American immigrant families and longitudinal links to children's socioemotional competence. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:475-488. [PMID: 32077718 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Parent emotion talk (ET), a type of emotion-related socialization practice, is theorized to foster children's emotion-related regulation and socioemotional skills. Yet, there has been limited research linking parent ET to children's effortful control, a top-down regulatory process. Despite the observed cultural differences in ET between Chinese and European American families, few researchers tested whether the socioemotional benefits of ET are generalizable to Chinese American families, an immigrant group with contrasting values in their heritage and host cultures. The present study examined Chinese American parents' ET, its associations with sociocultural factors, and prospective relations to school-age children's effortful control, sympathy, and socially appropriate behaviors. In a two-wave (1.5 years apart) longitudinal study of first- and second-generation Chinese American children (N = 258, age = 6-9 years at Wave 1, 52% from low-income families), the content and quality of parent ET (e.g., the overall quality of emotion talk, frequency of emotion explanations, emotion questions, and number of emotion words) was coded from a video-recorded shared book reading task. Children's effortful control, sympathy, and social behaviors were rated by parents, teachers, and children. Results showed that the Chinese American parents from lower socioeconomic status families, families with lower English proficiency, or more recent immigrants displayed lower ET. Parent ET was prospectively related to children's higher effortful control after controlling for stability, and higher effortful control was concurrently associated with children's higher sympathy and more socially appropriate behaviors. The findings provide empirical support for the socioemotional benefits of ET for school-age children in Chinese American immigrant families. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaley Curtis
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
| | - Annie Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
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12
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Cui L, Criss MM, Ratliff E, Wu Z, Houltberg BJ, Silk JS, Morris AS. Longitudinal links between maternal and peer emotion socialization and adolescent girls' socioemotional adjustment. Dev Psychol 2020; 56:595-607. [PMID: 32077727 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although research has demonstrated that both parents and peers influence adolescent development, it is not clear whether these relationships also serve as contexts for emotion socialization. In the current longitudinal study, we investigated whether maternal and peer emotion socialization were related to adolescent girls' daily emotions, emotion regulation, and social and emotional adjustment. The sample included 160 adolescent girls from low-income families followed across 2 years. At Time 1 (T1), girls reported on maternal and peer emotion socialization practices during laboratory visits. At Time 2 (T2), girls reported on daily negative and positive affect using ecological momentary assessment across 2 weeks. Emotion regulation, internalizing problems, and prosocial behavior were assessed during laboratory visits at both T1 and 2 years later (Time 3 [T3]). Results demonstrated that higher levels of maternal and peer emotionally supportive socialization practices were associated with lower levels of girls' daily negative affect. Mothers' supportive practices also predicted increases in girls' emotion regulation over time. Both maternal and peer unsupportive practices predicted more internalizing problems, and peer unsupportive practices predicted less prosocial behavior over time. This study supports and expands Eisenberg's heuristic model by demonstrating that both maternal and peer emotion socialization are associated with adolescent girls' emotional and behavioral outcomes, and maternal and peer emotion socialization have differential effects. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixian Cui
- Division of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai
| | - Michael M Criss
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University
| | - Erin Ratliff
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Oklahoma State University
| | - Zezhen Wu
- Department of Applied Psychology, New York University
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13
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Emotion socialization by parents and friends: Links with adolescent emotional adjustment. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Omiya T, Deguchi N, Togari T, Yamazaki Y. Factors Influencing Sense of Coherence: Family Relationships, High School Life and Autism Spectrum Tendency. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:children7090108. [PMID: 32825759 PMCID: PMC7552669 DOI: 10.3390/children7090108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is marked by significant life stress. Recently, school refusal and dropouts as well as suicide among Japanese adolescents have increased. Sense of coherence (SOC) is recognized as a competency that helps people deal with stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors influencing SOC in male and female high school students. We conducted a survey with 203 pairs of high school students and their mothers, in Tokyo, to explore their SOC, family relationships, school belonging, and autistic traits. Analysis of the data revealed a weak relationship between female students’ SOC and that of their mothers, and no relationship between male students’ SOC and their mothers’ SOC. Feelings of acceptance and recognition from teachers improved students’ SOC, irrespective of gender. Low SOC in mothers had a negative impact on female students’ SOC, and children’s lack of imagination (an autism spectrum tendency) had a negative impact on male students’ SOC. This study revealed the importance of support at home and school according to the needs of both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Omiya
- Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-853-3405
| | - Naoko Deguchi
- Public Health Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Taisuke Togari
- Faculty of Liberal Arts, the Open University of Japan, Chiba 261-8586, Japan;
| | - Yoshihiko Yamazaki
- Department of Social Welfare, Faculty of Social Welfare, Nihon Fukushi University, Chita-Gun 470-3295, Japan;
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Mother and father repertoires of emotion socialization practices in middle childhood. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2020.101159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Kitahara Y, Mearns J, Shimoyama H. Emotion Regulation and Middle School Adjustment in Japanese Girls: Mediation by Perceived Social Support. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Suksasilp C, Griffiths S, Sebastian CL, Norbury C. Reliability and validity of a temporal distancing emotion regulation task in adolescence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 21:830-841. [PMID: 32202849 PMCID: PMC8359603 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Adopting a temporally distant perspective on stressors, also known as using a temporal distancing emotion regulation strategy, can alleviate distress. Young adults’ ability to adopt a temporal distancing strategy has previously been measured using an experimental temporal distancing task (Ahmed, Somerville, & Sebastian, 2018). In the current study, we evaluate the psychometric properties of this task in younger (N = 345, aged 10–11) and older (N = 99, aged 18–21) adolescents and explore developmental differences in the ability to use temporal distancing to alleviate distress. Participants listened to scenarios and rated negative affect when adopting a distant-future perspective, a near-future perspective, or when reacting naturally. We evaluated the test–retest reliability of the measure in older adolescents and its construct validity in both younger and older adolescents by assessing correlations with self-report measures of emotion regulation strategy use. Our findings broadly replicated those of Ahmed et al. (2018): Adopting distant- and near-future perspectives produced significantly lower self-reported distress relative to reacting naturally, with the distant-future strategy producing the least distress. Older adolescents alleviated their distress more effectively than younger adolescents and reported projecting further into the future. Regulation success scores on the temporal distancing task showed adequate test–retest reliability. However, these scores did not correlate with self-reported habitual use of temporal distancing or reappraisal strategies generally. These findings suggest that the ability to use a temporal distancing strategy for emotion regulation improves during adolescence, but that ability may not be related to habitual use of this strategy.
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Lougheed JP. Parent-Adolescent Dyads as Temporal Interpersonal Emotion Systems. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:26-40. [PMID: 31424138 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Research on the role of parent-adolescent relationships in psychosocial adjustment needs a conceptual approach that specifies the processes by which development is nested in the relationship. I forward a new approach and emphasize the need to consider the unique elements that individuals bring to the dyadic system. I also emphasize the need to examine processes at multiple time scales. I highlight the complexity of dyadic system dynamics: Biological predispositions set the foundation for the parent-adolescent relationship and the emotion dynamics that emerge during interactions. As the system gets entrained through repeated interactions over longer time scales, real-time dynamics coalesce into psychosocial adjustment, which in turn constrains real-time dynamics. I review the evidence for each of these processes and discuss the implications.
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Weaver Krug CM, Hails KA, Shaw DS, Dishion TJ, Wilson MN. Child Birth Order as a Moderator of Intervention Effectiveness for the Early Childhood Version of the Family Check-Up. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 21:456-466. [PMID: 32062765 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01096-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Child birth order (CBO) in the family has received little attention in the field of prevention science. CBO is relevant to early interventionists from a public health perspective, as the most widely disseminated home-visiting program has traditionally targeted mothers and their first-born children. The current paper revisits a previous publication by Shaw et al. (2009) on the effectiveness of the Family Check-Up (FCU) to evaluate CBO (firstborn vs. middle vs. youngest) as a moderator of treatment effects of the FCU in relation to improvements in parenting, maternal depressive symptoms, and child outcomes from ages 2 to 4 in a sample of low-income, ethnically diverse families (N = 709) with multiple children. Results suggest that the FCU elicited improvements in observed parenting from ages 2 to 3 primarily for target children who were the youngest or middle children, but not for firstborns. Findings are discussed in the context of implications for prevention science research, dissemination, and public policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Thomas J Dishion
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Melvin N Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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20
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Aumann L, Titzmann PF. Why do Youth Support their Families? A Person-Oriented Approach in Migrant and Native Families. J Youth Adolesc 2019; 49:506-519. [PMID: 31729649 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01167-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have observed high levels of family support of migrant adolescents. However, whether culture, context or migration explain this phenomenon remained unclear. This study investigated family support in high SES migrant and native families and identified family support subgroups and predictors as well as implications of subgroup-membership. Participants comprised 165 native Swiss (Mage = 15.9 years, 60.6% female) and 136 German migrants (Mage = 15.3 years, 64.7% female) in Switzerland and 187 native Germans in Germany (Mage = 15.3 years, 54.8% female). A person-oriented multi-group latent-class analysis identified three family support subgroups, which differed particularly in levels of emotional and instrumental family support. Migration was only associated with the medium family support subgroup, whereas family and context characteristics were associated with the high family support subgroup. Furthermore, the high family support subgroup reported the best psychosocial adjustment. These findings highlight that addressing different developmental contexts with person-oriented approaches can provide new insights in the understanding of adolescents' adaptation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Aumann
- Department of Psychology, Leibniz University Hanover, Schloßwender Straße 1, 30159, Hanover, Germany.
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21
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Mother's emotion coaching and preschooler's emotionality: Moderation by maternal parenting stress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2019.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Elsayed D, Song JH, Myatt E, Colasante T, Malti T. Anger and Sadness Regulation in Refugee Children: The Roles of Pre- and Post-migratory Factors. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2019; 50:846-855. [PMID: 30937680 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-019-00887-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pre- and post-migratory factors have been implicated in refugee children's mental health. However, findings regarding their unique and joint roles are inconsistent or nonexistent. We examined the main and interactive relations of pre-migratory life stressors and post-migratory daily hassles and routines to emotion regulation-a key marker of mental health-in 5- to 13-year-old Syrian refugee children (N = 103) resettling in Canada. Mothers and children completed questionnaires assessing pre-migratory life stressors and post-migratory daily hassles. Mothers also reported their children's adherence to family routines and emotion regulation abilities (i.e., anger and sadness regulation) via questionnaire. Overall, children who more frequently engaged in family routines showed better anger regulation. Pre- and post-migratory factors also interacted, such that greater post-migratory daily hassles were associated with worse sadness regulation for children with lower levels of pre-migratory life stressors, but were unassociated with the sadness regulation of children who experienced higher levels of pre-migratory life stressors. Results suggest that pre- and post-migratory factors play unique and joint roles in refugee children's emotion regulation during resettlement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danah Elsayed
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road N, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Ju-Hyun Song
- Department of Child Development, California State University Dominguez Hills, 1000 E. Victoria St., Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - Eleanor Myatt
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road N, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Tyler Colasante
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road N, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Tina Malti
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 3359 Mississauga Road N, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
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Shaffer A, Fitzgerald MM, Shipman K, Torres M. Let’s Connect: A developmentally-driven emotion-focused parenting intervention. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Caregiver–adolescent co-reminiscing and adolescents’ individual recollections of a devastating tornado: Associations with enduring posttraumatic stress symptoms. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 32:151-161. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579418001487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAlthough disaster-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) typically decrease in intensity over time, some youth continue to report elevated levels of PTSS many years after the disaster. The current study examines two processes that may help to explain the link between disaster exposure and enduring PTSS: caregiver emotion socialization and youth recollection qualities. One hundred and twenty-two youth (ages 12 to 17) and their female caregivers who experienced an EF-4 tornado co-reminisced about the event, and adolescents provided independent recollections between 3 and 4 years after the tornado. Adolescent individual transcripts were coded for coherence and negative personal impact, qualities that have been found to contribute to meaning making. Parent–adolescent conversations were coded for caregiver egocentrism, a construct derived from the emotion socialization literature to reflect the extent to which the caregiver centered the conversation on her own emotions and experiences. Egocentrism predicted higher youth PTSS, and this association was mediated by the coherence of adolescents’ narratives. The association between coherence and PTSS was stronger for youth who focused more on the negative personal impacts of the tornado event during their recollections. Results suggest that enduring tornado-related PTSS may be influenced in part by the interplay of caregiver emotion socialization practices and youth recollection qualities.
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Wagner NJ, Hastings PD, Rubin KH. Children's autonomic functioning moderates links between maternal rejecting attitudes and preschool aggressive behaviors. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:739-747. [PMID: 29927485 PMCID: PMC6107380 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Substantial theoretical and empirical literature suggests that the extent to which children's early experiences contribute to the development of aggressive behaviors may depend on the psychophysiological regulatory capacities of the child. This study adds to this literature by examining the relations between mothers' rejecting child-rearing attitudes and children's aggressive behaviors, as well as whether children's parasympathetic regulation, both at rest and in response to anger-inducing films, moderate these links. Using the data collected from 88 preschoolers (mage = 51 months), the results revealed that the positive association between mothers' rejecting child-rearing attitudes and children's aggressive behaviors was moderated by respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity to anger. More rejecting child-rearing attitudes predicted more aggressive behaviors only for children who showed mild RSA suppression to RSA augmentation. Conversely, and consistent with the differential-susceptibility model, children who showed mild RSA suppression to RSA augmentation had the fewest aggressive behaviors when mothers reported less rejecting child-rearing attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Wagner
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, , 252-290-7444
| | - Paul D. Hastings
- Department of Psychology, UC Davis, 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95618
| | - Kenneth H. Rubin
- Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, Benjamin Building, RM 3304, 3942 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20742
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The Influence of Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy on Mother–Child Reciprocal Affect Reactions During Task Interactions. ADONGHAKOEJI 2018. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.4.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Felisberti FM. Long-lasting effects of family-related factors on adults' ability to recognise brief facial expressions of emotion. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2018; 71:1512-1525. [PMID: 29926784 DOI: 10.1177/1747021817742080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether adults' ability to attribute emotions to brief facial expressions (microexpressions) is associated with family-related environmental factors (FrFs) such as one's number of siblings (Experiment 1), attachment style (Experiment 2), or perceived parental authority style (Experiment 3). Participants' accuracy and reaction time (RT) to the recognition of anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, and sadness to facial microexpressions (exposure: 100 ms) were measured with a six-alternative forced choice computerised method (6AFC). The attachment style and the authority style of the participants' parents were accessed using questionnaires. The findings revealed that up to 13% of the variance in participants' responses could be explained by FrFs, with modest to moderate effect sizes. Microexpressions linked to signs of hostility or threat (i.e., contempt and fear) were decoded faster and/or more accurately by adults with few or no siblings or with a fearful attachment. Conversely, participants who recalled their fathers as authoritarian were worse at recognising contempt and fear than participants who perceived them as permissive or authoritative. The findings suggest that early FrFs may still be involved in the fine-tuning of responses to signs of contextual danger when the time for cognitive processing of facial expressions is severely restricted.
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Structural Model of the Relationships Among Mothers' Reactions to Early Adolescents' Anger, Early Adolescents' Anger Management Styles, and Internalizing Problem Behaviors. ADONGHAKOEJI 2018. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.1.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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29
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Tarantino S, Papetti L, De Ranieri C, Boldrini F, Rocco AM, D’Ambrosio M, Valeriano V, Battan B, Paniccia MF, Vigevano F, Gentile S, Valeriani M. Maternal Alexithymia and Attachment Style: Which Relationship with Their Children's Headache Features and Psychological Profile? Front Neurol 2018; 8:751. [PMID: 29403425 PMCID: PMC5786507 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A growing body of literature has shown an association between somatic symptoms and insecure "attachment style." In a recent study, we found a relationship between migraine severity, ambivalent attachment style, and psychological symptoms in children/adolescents. There is evidence that caregivers' attachment styles and their way of management/expression of emotions can influence children's psychological profile and pain expression. To date, data dealing with headache are scarce. Our aim was to study the role of maternal alexithymia and attachment style on their children's migraine severity, attachment style, and psychological profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled 84 consecutive patients suffering from migraine without aura (female: 45, male: 39; mean age 11.8 ± 2.4 years). According to headache frequency, children/adolescents were divided into two groups: (1) high frequency (patients reporting from weekly to daily attacks), and (2) low frequency (patients having ≤3 episodes per month). We divided headache attacks intensity into two groups (mild and severe pain). SAFA "Anxiety," "Depression," and "Somatization" scales were used to explore children's psychological profile. To evaluate attachment style, the semi-projective test SAT for patients and ASQ Questionnaire for mothers were employed. Maternal alexithymia traits were assessed by TAS-20. RESULTS We found a significant higher score in maternal alexithymia levels in children classified as "ambivalent," compared to those classified as "avoiding" (Total scale: p = 0.011). A positive correlation has been identified between mother's TAS-20 Total score and the children's SAFA-A Total score (p = 0.026). In particular, positive correlations were found between maternal alexithymia and children's "Separation anxiety" (p = 0.009) and "School anxiety" (p = 0.015) subscales. Maternal "Externally-oriented thinking" subscale correlated with children's school anxiety (p = 0.050). Moreover, we found a correlation between TAS-20 Total score and SAFA-D "Feeling of guilt" subscale (p = 0.014). Our data showed no relationship between TAS-20 and ASQ questionnaires and children's migraine intensity and frequency. CONCLUSION Maternal alexithymia and attachment style have no impact on children's migraine severity. However, our results suggest that, although maternal alexithymic traits have no causative roles on children's migraine severity, they show a relationship with patients' attachment style and psychological symptoms, which in turn may impact on migraine severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuela Tarantino
- Division of Neurology, Headache Center, Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Papetti
- Division of Neurology, Headache Center, Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiana De Ranieri
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Boldrini
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Maria Rocco
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Monica D’Ambrosio
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Valeriano
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Battan
- Division of Neurology, Headache Center, Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Federico Vigevano
- Division of Neurology, Headache Center, Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Gentile
- Unit of Clinical Psychology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Valeriani
- Division of Neurology, Headache Center, Bambino Gesù Ospedale Pediatrico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
- Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Perry KJ, Price JM. Concurrent child history and contextual predictors of children's internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in foster care. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2018; 84:125-136. [PMID: 29551846 PMCID: PMC5854395 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This study contributes to current research on the behavior problems of children in foster care by analyzing a more comprehensive set of concurrent child history and contextual predictors. Kinship home status and sibling status (i.e., whether the sibling was a biological sibling to the foster child) were evaluated as moderators of significant associations. Data were collected at the baseline of a foster parent training intervention program prior to any intervention services using parent phone interviews (N= 310, 51.6% male, M age = 7.57 years). Two linear hierarchical regressions were used to evaluate each set of predictors' association with behavior problems as well as each individual predictor's contribution. Results indicated that as a set, the contextual variables predicted a significant and unique amount of variability in the child's internalizing and externalizing behavior scores, but the child history variables did not. Specifically, the child's placement in a non-kinship home, being in a non-ethnically matched child-parent pair, higher parent stress scores, a greater number of prior group home placements, and higher internalizing behavior scores for the child predicted higher child externalizing scores. Higher parent stress scores, higher focal sibling externalizing behavior scores, and higher externalizing behavior scores for the child predicted higher internalizing scores for the child. The association between focal sibling externalizing behavior scores and child internalizing scores was moderated by kinship home status, such that there was a stronger association between the focal sibling's externalizing score and the child's internalizing score if the child was in a kinship compared to a non-kinship home. Implications for intervention services are discussed, particularly the importance of assessing the child's foster home environment when addressing the child's behavior problems.
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Stone LB, Silk JS, Oppenheimer CW, Allen KB, Waller JM, Dahl RE. Linking Maternal Socialization of Emotion Regulation to Adolescents' Co-rumination With Peers. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2017; 37:1341-1355. [PMID: 29307952 PMCID: PMC5754022 DOI: 10.1177/0272431616659558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mounting research supports that co-rumination, the tendency to seek peer support by engaging in extensive negatively focused discussion, is a risk factor for adolescent psychopathology. It is unclear, though, how this interpersonal tendency develops. Parental responses to adolescents' negative affect likely shape how youth utilize peer relationships to regulate distress, as they shift to reliance on peer support during this developmental stage. For example, nonsupportive parental responses may fail to instill healthy regulation strategies, resulting in ineffective forms of peer support, such as co-rumination. Conversely, high levels of supportive parental responses to adolescents' negative affect may motivate youth to also express more negative affect with peers, leading to co-rumination. Eighty-nine healthy adolescents (9-17) and their mothers completed surveys and a support-seeking interaction. Only supportive maternal responses, including maternal affection, were associated with adolescents' co-rumination. These analyses indicate that some forms of parental support are associated with adolescents' tendency to co-ruminate.
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Emotion socialization and child conduct problems: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2017; 54:65-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hurrell KE, Houwing FL, Hudson JL. Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy and Emotion Coaching in Families of Children and Adolescents with an Anxiety Disorder. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 45:569-582. [PMID: 27370681 PMCID: PMC5355507 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-016-0180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Using a multi-method approach, this study examined differences in parental meta-emotional philosophy (including, parental emotional awareness and emotion coaching) for families with anxiety disordered (AD; n = 74) and non-AD (n = 35) children (aged 7 to 15). Further, it was investigated whether children's emotion regulation (ER) varied across the AD and non-AD groups. Parent(s) were interviewed about their awareness of emotions and emotion coaching; completed a battery of questionnaires that included a measure assessing children's emotion regulation; and engaged in a parent-child discussion task. Results indicated that compared to parents of non-AD youth, parents of AD youth were less aware of their own emotions and their children's emotions, and these results varied by emotion type. Parents of AD youth engaged in significantly less emotion coaching than parents of non-AD youth. AD youth were identified as having significantly greater difficulty regulating their emotions when compared to non-AD youth. Implications for the role of parental meta-emotional philosophy and AD youth's emotion regulation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Hurrell
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Frances L Houwing
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Hudson
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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The Influence of Maternal-Acceptance Experiences During Childhood, Social-Supportive Level and Emotion-Coaching Reaction on Child Emotion-Regulation Strategies: Mediated-Moderation Effects. ADONGHAKOEJI 2016. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.4.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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35
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The Effect of Maternal Attitude Toward Child's Emotional Expressiveness, Young Child's Attachment Stability, and Emotional Regulation Ability on Young Child's Problematic Behaviors. ADONGHAKOEJI 2016. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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36
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The Relations Between Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy, Child Interpersonal Problem Solving, and Peer Competence. ADONGHAKOEJI 2016. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2016.37.4.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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37
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Exploration of caregiver behavior on fear of emotion, spirituality, and self-compassion. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Shortt JW, Katz LF, Allen N, Leve C, Davis B, Sheeber L. Emotion socialization in the context of risk and psychopathology: Mother and father socialization of anger and sadness in adolescents with depressive disorder. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 25:27-46. [PMID: 28804218 PMCID: PMC5553564 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined parental emotion socialization processes associated with adolescent unipolar depressive disorder. Adolescent participants (N=107; 42 boys) were selected either to meet criteria for current unipolar depressive disorder or to be psychologically healthy as defined by no lifetime history of psychopathology or mental health treatment and low levels of current depressive symptomatology. A multisource/method measurement strategy was used to assess mothers' and fathers' responses to adolescent sad and angry emotion. Each parent and the adolescents completed questionnaire measures of parental emotion socialization behavior, and participated in meta-emotion interviews and parent-adolescent interactions. As hypothesized, parents of adolescents with depressive disorder engaged in fewer supportive responses and more unsupportive responses overall relative to parents of nondepressed adolescents. Between group differences were more pronounced for families of boys, and for fathers relative to mothers. The findings indicate that parent emotion socialization is associated with adolescent depression and highlight the importance of including fathers in studies of emotion socialization, especially as it relates to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Craig Leve
- Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, Oregon
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39
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Dunsmore JC, Booker JA, Ollendick TH, Greene RW. Emotion Socialization in the Context of Risk and Psychopathology: Maternal Emotion Coaching Predicts Better Treatment Outcomes for Emotionally Labile Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 25:8-26. [PMID: 26848211 PMCID: PMC4734758 DOI: 10.1111/sode.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether maternal emotion coaching at pre-treatment predicted children's treatment response following a 12-week program addressing children's Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms. Eighty-nine mother-child dyads participated. At pre-treatment, mothers and children engaged in an emotion talk task. Mothers also reported their beliefs about emotions at pre-treatment and their child's disruptive behavior symptoms, emotion regulation, and emotion lability/negativity at pre-, mid-, and post-treatment. Clinicians reported children's symptom severity at pre- and post-treatment. Children's emotion lability/negativity moderated effects of maternal emotion coaching on children's post-treatment ODD symptoms, with stronger benefits of emotion coaching for children high in emotion lability/negativity. Results suggest that emotion coaching may promote treatment response for children with ODD who are especially at risk due to their emotionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ross W Greene
- Child Study Center, Department of Psychology, Virginia Tech
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40
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Leerkes EM, Supple AJ, Su J, Cavanaugh AM. Links Between Remembered Childhood Emotion Socialization and Adult Adjustment: Similarities and Differences Between European American and African American Women. JOURNAL OF FAMILY ISSUES 2015; 36:1854-1877. [PMID: 29527083 PMCID: PMC5844487 DOI: 10.1177/0192513x13505567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to examine whether recollections of mothers' emotion socialization practices during childhood are linked to adult emotional well-being as indexed by depression, trait anger, and cardiac vagal tone, and whether these effects vary for African American and European American women. Participants included 251 women (128 European American; 123 African American) who ranged in age from 18 to 44 years (M = 25 years). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses indicated strong measurement and factor invariance across African American and European American participants. Remembered non-supportive emotion socialization was linked with elevated depressive symptoms for European American women, but not African American women and with elevated trait anger for both groups. Remembered supportive emotion socialization was linked with higher resting vagal tone for both groups. The results provide some support for the view that non-supportive emotion socialization may be more detrimental for European Americans than African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jinni Su
- The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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41
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Ohashi J, Katsura T. The effects of coaching on salivary cortisol stress marker in mothers with young children, a randomized controlled trial. J Rural Med 2015; 10:20-8. [PMID: 26380587 PMCID: PMC4571746 DOI: 10.2185/jrm.2891r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a coaching program on saliva cortisol sensitivity in normal healthy mothers with young children. METHODS A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with objective and subjective outcome measurements of the stress indicator. A postal survey to assess emotional intelligence (EI) was administered by random sampling to mothers of young children aged 3 months to 6 years in Japan. A total of 74 mothers with median EI scores or lower were enrolled in a RCT involving the coaching program. The intervention group received a 3-month coaching program. The control group was given the coaching program at follow-up. Stress state outcomes (saliva cortisol level, EI score, and Profile of Mood States (POMS)) were measured at baseline and immediate follow-up, with salivary cortisol measured again at a one-month follow-up. RESULTS Significant differences were found for saliva cortisol level and the EI score within and between the intervention and control groups. Some POMS subscale scores were significantly different within the intervention and control groups. CONCLUSION The participants in the coaching program had significantly reduced saliva cortisol levels and better secondary outcomes than those in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Ohashi
- Department of Preventive Nursing, School of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Toshiki Katsura
- Department of Preventive Nursing, School of Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
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42
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Fainsilber Katz L, Stettler N, Gurtovenko K. Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: The Role of Parent Emotion Socialization and Children's Emotion Regulation Abilities. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Havighurst SS, Kehoe CE, Harley AE. Tuning in to teens: Improving parental responses to anger and reducing youth externalizing behavior problems. J Adolesc 2015; 42:148-58. [PMID: 26005933 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Parent emotion socialization plays an important role in shaping emotional and behavioral development during adolescence. The Tuning in to Teens (TINT) program aims to improve parents' responses to young people's emotions with a focus on teaching emotion coaching. This study examined the efficacy of the TINT program in improving emotion socialization practices in parents and whether this reduced family conflict and youth externalizing difficulties. Schools were randomized into intervention and control conditions and 225 primary caregiving parents and 224 youth took part in the study. Self-report data was collected from parents and youth during the young person's final year of elementary school and again in their first year of secondary school. Multilevel analyses showed significant improvements in parent's impulse control difficulties and emotion socialization, as well as significant reductions in family conflict and youth externalizing difficulties. This study provides support for the TINT program in reducing youth externalizing behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie S Havighurst
- Mindful: Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Christiane E Kehoe
- Mindful: Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ann E Harley
- Mindful: Centre for Training and Research in Developmental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
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The Influence of Parental Meta-Emotion Philosophy on Children’s Social Competence:The Mediating Effect of Children’s Emotion Regulation. ADONGHAKOEJI 2015. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2015.36.2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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MacPhee D, Lunkenheimer E, Riggs N. Resilience as Regulation of Developmental and Family Processes. FAMILY RELATIONS 2015; 64:153-175. [PMID: 26568647 PMCID: PMC4642729 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Resilience can be defined as establishing equilibrium subsequent to disturbances to a system caused by significant adversity. When families experience adversity or transitions, multiple regulatory processes may be involved in establishing equilibrium, including adaptability, regulation of negative affect, and effective problem-solving skills. The authors' resilience-as-regulation perspective integrates insights about the regulation of individual development with processes that regulate family systems. This middle-range theory of family resilience focuses on regulatory processes across levels that are involved in adaptation: whole-family systems such as routines and sense of coherence; coregulation of dyads involving emotion regulation, structuring, and reciprocal influences between social partners; and individual self-regulation. Insights about resilience-as-regulation are then applied to family-strengthening interventions that are designed to promote adaptation to adversity. Unresolved issues are discussed in relation to resilience-as-regulation in families, in particular how risk exposure is assessed, interrelations among family regulatory mechanisms, and how families scaffold the development of children's resilience.
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The Relationships between Maternal Meta-Emotion Philosophy, Adolescent's Psychological Adjustment and Depression : The Moderating Effects of Mother-Adolescent Communication Time. ADONGHAKOEJI 2014. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2014.35.6.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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47
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The Mediating Effects of Children's Resilience by Gender on the Relationships between Mother's Reactions to Children's Negative Emotions and Children's Emotional Intelligence. ADONGHAKOEJI 2014. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2014.35.4.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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48
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Maliken AC, Katz LF. Exploring the impact of parental psychopathology and emotion regulation on evidence-based parenting interventions: a transdiagnostic approach to improving treatment effectiveness. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2014; 16:173-86. [PMID: 23595362 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-013-0132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Parenting interventions, particularly those categorized as parent management training (PMT), have a large evidence base supporting their effectiveness with most families who present for treatment of childhood behavior problems. However, data suggest that PMTs are not effective at treating all families who seek services. Parental psychopathology has been identified as one important factor moderating their effectiveness, yet few PMTs pay explicit attention to the role of parental psychopathology in treatment. Given growing support for a transdiagnostic model of psychopathology, which posits that disruptions in emotions and emotion regulation (ER) may underlie various forms of psychopathology, one way to address the impact of parental psychopathology on PMT may be by targeting parental ER. This paper will review the available literature on PMT and parental psychopathology, as well as existing evidence on relations between ER and both parental psychopathology and parenting behaviors. The limited research on PMTs that include explicitly parent-focused components will be reviewed, and suggestions for augmenting existing PMT curricula by including intervention around parental ER will be presented.
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Shortt JW, Eddy JM, Sheeber L, Davis B. Project home: a pilot evaluation of an emotion-focused intervention for mothers reuniting with children after prison. Psychol Serv 2014; 11:1-9. [PMID: 24564439 PMCID: PMC4301701 DOI: 10.1037/a0034323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nearly 2 million children in the United States have a parent in prison. The circumstances related to this situation place them at increased risk for behavioral and emotional disorders. The process of reunification between mother and child after release is a stressful and emotional one. A pilot study was conducted to develop and test a new program, Emotions: Taking Care of Yourself and Your Child When You Go Home. The objective of the Emotions Program was to teach emotion regulation and emotion coaching skills to incarcerated mothers so as to assist mothers and their children to cope better with the stress associated with incarceration and the transition home from prison. Pilot participants (N = 47) had previously participated in Parenting Inside Out, an evidence-based parenting program for incarcerated parents. The participants were then assigned to the Emotions Program (n = 29) or the comparison condition of no additional treatment (n = 18). All mothers were assessed before (T1) and after the program (T2), and again 6 months after release from prison (T3). Intervention effects of the Emotions Program on mothers' emotion regulation, emotion socialization, and adjustment were examined using repeated-measures analysis of variance with a between-subjects factor of group (Emotions Program vs. comparison) and a within-subjects factor of time (T1 vs. T2 vs. T3). Moderate time by group interaction effects were observed for aspects of emotion regulation, emotion socialization behavior, and criminal behavior in mothers, with participants in the Emotions condition showing improvement relative to those in the comparison condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Mark Eddy
- School of Social Work, University of Washington
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50
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Katz LF, Shortt JW, Allen NB, Davis B, Hunter E, Leve C, Sheeber L. Parental emotion socialization in clinically depressed adolescents: enhancing and dampening positive affect. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 42:205-15. [PMID: 23942826 PMCID: PMC3875623 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study compared parental socialization of adolescent positive affect in families of depressed and healthy adolescents. Participants were 107 adolescents (42 boys) aged 14 - 18 years and their parents. Half of the participants met criteria for major depressive disorder and the others were demographically matched adolescents without emotional or behavioral disorders. Results based on multi-source questionnaire and interview data indicated that mothers and fathers of depressed adolescents were less accepting of adolescents' positive affect and more likely to use strategies that dampen adolescents' positive affect than were parents of healthy adolescents. Additionally, fathers of depressed adolescents exhibited fewer responses likely to enhance the adolescents' positive affect than were fathers of healthy adolescents. These findings build on those of previous work in examining parental responses to adolescent emotions, focusing on positive emotions and including both mothers and fathers.
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