1
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Blumstein D, MacManes M. The multi-tissue gene expression and physiological responses of water deprived Peromyscus eremicus. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:770. [PMID: 39118009 PMCID: PMC11308687 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10629-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The harsh and dry conditions of desert environments have resulted in genomic adaptations, allowing for desert organisms to withstand prolonged drought, extreme temperatures, and limited food resources. Here, we present a comprehensive exploration of gene expression across five tissues (kidney, liver, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and hypothalamus) and 19 phenotypic measurements to explore the whole-organism physiological and genomic response to water deprivation in the desert-adapted cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus). The findings encompass the identification of differentially expressed genes and correlative analysis between phenotypes and gene expression patterns across multiple tissues. Specifically, we found robust activation of the vasopressin renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) pathways, whose primary function is to manage water and solute balance. Animals reduced food intake during water deprivation, and upregulation of PCK1 highlights the adaptive response to reduced oral intake via its actions aimed at maintained serum glucose levels. Even with such responses to maintain water balance, hemoconcentration still occurred, prompting a protective downregulation of genes responsible for the production of clotting factors while simultaneously enhancing angiogenesis which is thought to maintain tissue perfusion. In this study, we elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in water balance in the desert-adapted cactus mouse, P. eremicus. By prioritizing a comprehensive analysis of whole-organism physiology and multi-tissue gene expression in a simulated desert environment, we describe the complex response of regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Blumstein
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of New Hampshire, Molecular, Cellular, Durham, NH, DMB, 03824, USA.
| | - Matthew MacManes
- Biomedical Sciences Department, University of New Hampshire, Molecular, Cellular, Durham, NH, DMB, 03824, USA
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2
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Mentino D, Nicchia GP, Frigeri A, Desantis S, Guglielmi MV, Semeraro D, Scillitani G, Mastrodonato M. Altered glycosylation in secreting cells of the gastric glands of aquaporin-4-deficient mice. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1836-1848. [PMID: 38533927 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are important for water transport in the gastrointestinal tract. Changes in their expression and/or localization could cause in disorders and be used as therapeutic targets. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is expressed predominantly on the basolateral membrane of the parietal cells in the corpus of the murine gastric glands. Although the secretion of gastric juice is not affected in AQP4-deficient knockout, we evaluated by light microscopy whether the lack of AQP4 affects the glycopatterns of secreting gastric cells. Wild type (WT) and AQP4-deficient knockout mice (KO) were fed a standard diet ad libitum before sacrifice. Segments of stomach corpus were collected, fixed in buffered formalin, and embedded in paraffin wax. Sections, 5-μm thick, were analyzed by histochemical methods (Periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian Blue pH 2.5), and binding of lectins specific to GalNAc (SBA, DBA), Gal (PNA) GlcNAc (WGA, GSAII) mannose and/or glucose (ConA), and fucose (UEA-I, AAA, LTA). Immunohistochemical methods such as anti-Muc6 for neck cells and anti- β- H+/K+-ATPase for parietal cells were also performed. Compared to WT mice, in the mucous cells of KO lower amounts of glycans with galactosyl/galactosaminylated, glycosyl/glycosaminylated, and fucosylated residues were observed; lower fucosylation resulted also in the parietal cells. The observed differences of KO in respect to WT could lead to severer pathological conditions. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Glycopatterns in gastric glands were compared between wild type (WT) and AQP4-deficient knockout (KO) mice by histochemical and lectin-binding methods. In the mucous cells of KO lower amounts of glycans with galactosyl/galactosaminylated, glycosyl/glycosaminylated and fucosylated residues were observed. In the parietal cells lower fucosylation also resulted. AQP4-deficiency affects glycosylation and could result in altered functionality and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Mentino
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Grazia Paola Nicchia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Frigeri
- School of Medicine, Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Desantis
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Productions, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Vito Guglielmi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Semeraro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scillitani
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Mastrodonato
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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3
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Zhao Y, Hu ZY, Lou M, Jiang FW, Huang YF, Chen MS, Wang JX, Liu S, Shi YS, Zhu HM, Li JL. AQP1 Deficiency Drives Phthalate-Induced Epithelial Barrier Disruption through Intestinal Inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15334-15344. [PMID: 38916549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is frequently used as a plasticizer to enhance the plasticity and durability of agricultural products, which pose adverse effects to human health and the environment. Aquaporin 1 (AQP1) is a main water transport channel protein and is involved in the maintenance of intestinal integrity. However, the impact of DEHP exposure on gut health and its potential mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we determined that DEHP exposure induced a compromised duodenum structure, which was concomitant with mitochondrial structural injury of epithelial cells. Importantly, DEHP exposure caused duodenum inflammatory epithelial cell damage and strong inflammatory response accompanied by activating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Mechanistically, DEHP exposure directly inhibits the expression of AQP1 and thus leads to an inflammatory response, ultimately disrupting duodenum integrity and barrier function. Collectively, our findings uncover the role of AQP1 in phthalate-induced intestinal disorders, and AQP1 could be a promising therapeutic approach for treating patients with intestinal disorders or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Ming Lou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Wei Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Feng Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Sheng Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Mei Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
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4
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Huang WR, Fang QH, Yu XB, Ge WH, Yu Y. The Potential Application of Aloe Barbadensis Mill. as Chinese Medicine for Constipation: Mini-Review. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:307-324. [PMID: 38328440 PMCID: PMC10849880 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s446563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Aloe barbadensis Mill. has a long history of medicinal use in the annals of traditional Chinese medicine, wherein it has garnered considerable renown. Its multifaceted therapeutic properties, characterized by its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial attributes, alongside its established efficacy as a laxative agent, have been extensively documented. This review commences with an exploration of the nomenclature, fundamental characteristics, and principal constituents of Aloe barbadensis Mill. responsible for its laxative effects. Subsequently, we delve into an extensive examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying Aloe barbadensis Mill.'s laxative properties, types of constipation treatments, commercially available preparations, considerations pertaining to toxicity, and its clinical applications. This review aims to serve as a comprehensive reference point for healthcare professionals and researchers, fostering an enhanced understanding of the optimal utilization of Aloe barbadensis Mill. in the treatment of constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Rui Huang
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Hui Fang
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Bin Yu
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Hong Ge
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, 999078, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Pharmacy & Fujian Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350122, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Blumstein DM, MacManes MD. When the tap runs dry: The multi-tissue gene expression and physiological responses of water deprived Peromyscus eremicus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.576658. [PMID: 38328088 PMCID: PMC10849551 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.576658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The harsh and dry conditions of desert environments have resulted in genomic adaptations, allowing for desert organisms to withstand prolonged drought, extreme temperatures, and limited food resources. Here, we present a comprehensive exploration of gene expression across five tissues (kidney, liver, lung, gastrointestinal tract, and hypothalamus) and 19 phenotypic measurements to explore the whole-organism physiological and genomic response to water deprivation in the desert-adapted cactus mouse (Peromyscus eremicus). The findings encompass the identification of differentially expressed genes and correlative analysis between phenotypes and gene expression patterns across multiple tissues. Specifically, we found robust activation of the vasopressin renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) pathways, whose primary function is to manage water and solute balance. Animals reduce food intake during water deprivation, and upregulation of PCK1 highlights the adaptive response to reduced oral intake via its actions aimed at maintained serum glucose levels. Even with such responses to maintain water balance, hemoconcentration still occurred, prompting a protective downregulation of genes responsible for the production of clotting factors while simultaneously enhancing angiogenesis which is thought to maintains tissue perfusion. In this study, we elucidate the complex mechanisms involved in water balance in the desert-adapted cactus mouse, P. eremicus. By prioritizing a comprehensive analysis of whole-organism physiology and multi-tissue gene expression in a simulated desert environment, we describe the complex and successful response of regulatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Blumstein
- University of New Hampshire, Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences Department, Durham, NH 03824
| | - Matthew D MacManes
- University of New Hampshire, Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences Department, Durham, NH 03824
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6
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Chen X, Hu H, Lin X, Chen M, Bao W, Wu Y, Li C, Gao Y, Hou S, Yang Q, Chen L, Zhang J, Chen K, Wang Q, Zhu A. Euphorbia factor L1 inhibited transport channel and energy metabolism in human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115919. [PMID: 37992574 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia factor L1 (EFL1) is a kind of lathyrane-type diterpenoid and is isolated from the medical herb Euphorbia lathyris L. (Euphorbiaceae); it has been reported with the toxicity that causes intestinal irritation, but the underlying mechanisms are still obscure. The objective of this study was to assess the EFL1-induced intestinal cytotoxicity in human colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. The Caco-2 cells were treated with EFL1, and the intracellular calcium ion concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) content, ATPase activities, TGF-β1 concentration, and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) were detected. The interaction between EFL1 and the tight junction proteins Occludin, Claudin-4, Tricellulin, ZO-1, JAM-1, and E-cadherin was simulated by molecular docking. The expression of proteins involved in the energy metabolism, the ion transporters and aquaporins, the tight junction, and the F-actin cytoskeleton were detected by Western blotting and cell immunofluorescence. As a result, EFL1 decreased the intracellular Ca2+, MMP, mPTP, ATP content, and ATPase activities in the Caco-2 cells. The AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, which regulates the energy metabolism, was inhibited. The ion transporters NEH and CFTR, as well as the aquaporins in the Caco-2 cells, were decreased. The tight junction proteins were down-regulated, and the integrity of the intestinal barrier was injured; TGF-β1 was compensatively increased; so, the intestinal permeability was increased and was characterized by decreased TEER. The morphology of the F-actin cytoskeleton was destroyed. These findings indicated that EFL1 caused cytotoxicity in the human intestinal Caco-2 cells through mitochondrial damage, inhibition of the energy metabolism, and suppression of the ion and water molecule transporters, as well as the down-regulation tight junction and cytoskeleton protiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Hong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Xiaohuang Lin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Mengting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Wenqiang Bao
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yajiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Chutao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yadong Gao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fuzhou 350001, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaozhang Hou
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Qiaomei Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (Fujian Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital), Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Kunqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - An Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Gastrointestinal Cancer, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350108, China.
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Insights into the Function of Aquaporins in Gastrointestinal Fluid Absorption and Secretion in Health and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:2170. [PMID: 37681902 PMCID: PMC10486417 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs), transmembrane proteins permeable to water, are involved in gastrointestinal secretion. The secretory products of the glands are delivered either to some organ cavities for exocrine glands or to the bloodstream for endocrine glands. The main secretory glands being part of the gastrointestinal system are salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's gland, liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, intestinal goblet cells, exocrine and endocrine pancreas. Due to their expression in gastrointestinal exocrine and endocrine glands, AQPs fulfill important roles in the secretion of various fluids involved in food handling. This review summarizes the contribution of AQPs in physiological and pathophysiological stages related to gastrointestinal secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Sever M, Merzel F. Influence of SGLT1 Sugar Uptake Inhibitors on Water Transport. Molecules 2023; 28:5295. [PMID: 37513169 PMCID: PMC10385929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) are cotransporters located in the cell membrane of various epithelia that uptake glucose or galactose and sodium into the cell. Its founding member, SGLT1, represents a major pharmaceutically relevant target protein for development of new antidiabetic drugs, in addition to being the target protein of the oral rehydration therapy. Previous studies focused primarily on the transport of substrates and ions, while our study focuses on the effect of water transport. SGLT1 is implicated in the absorption of water, yet the exact mechanism of how the water absorption occurs or how inhibitors of SGLT1, such as phlorizin, are able to inhibit it is still unclear. Here we present a comprehensive study based on molecular dynamics simulations with the aim of determining the influence of the energetic and dynamic properties of SGLT1, which are influenced by selected sugar uptake inhibitors on water permeation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Sever
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Merzel
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Screening the effective components in treating dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome and elucidating the potential mechanism of Poria water extract. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:83-98. [PMID: 36871985 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60392-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Poria is an important medicine for inducing diuresis to drain dampness from the middle energizer. However, the specific effective components and the potential mechanism of Poria remain largely unknown. To identify the effective components and the mechanism of Poria water extract (PWE) to treat dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency syndrome (DSSD), a rat model of DSSD was established through weight-loaded forced swimming, intragastric ice-water stimulation, humid living environment, and alternate-day fasting for 21 days. After 14 days of treatment with PWE, the results indicated that PWE increased fecal moisture percentage, urine output, D-xylose level and weight; amylase, albumin, and total protein levels; and the swimming time of rats with DSSD to different extents. Eleven highly related components were screened out using the spectrum-effect relationship and LC-MS. Mechanistic studies revealed that PWE significantly increased the expression of serum motilin (MTL), gastrin (GAS), ADCY5/6, p-PKAα/β/γ cat, and phosphorylated cAMP-response element binding protein in the stomach, and AQP3 expression in the colon. Moreover, it decreased the levels of serum ADH, the expression of AQP3 and AQP4 in the stomach, AQP1 and AQP3 in the duodenum, and AQP4 in the colon. PWE induced diuresis to drain dampness in rats with DSSD. Eleven main effective components were identified in PWE. They exerted therapeutic effect by regulating the AC-cAMP-AQP signaling pathway in the stomach, MTL and GAS levels in the serum, AQP1 and AQP3 expression in the duodenum, and AQP3 and AQP4 expression in the colon.
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10
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Calamita G, Delporte C. Aquaporins in Glandular Secretion. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:225-249. [PMID: 36717498 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Exocrine and endocrine glands deliver their secretory product, respectively, at the surface of the target organs or within the bloodstream. The release of their products has been shown to rely on secretory mechanisms often involving aquaporins (AQPs). This chapter will provide insight into the role of AQPs in secretory glands located within the gastrointestinal tract, including salivary glands, gastric glands, duodenal Brunner's glands, liver, gallbladder, intestinal goblets cells, and pancreas, as well and in other parts of the body, including airway submucosal glands, lacrimal glands, mammary glands, and eccrine sweat glands. The involvement of AQPs in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Christine Delporte
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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11
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Ye Y, Ran J, Yang B, Mei Z. Aquaporins in Digestive System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:145-154. [PMID: 36717492 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we mainly discuss the expression and function of aquaporins (AQPs) expressed in digestive system. AQPs are highly conserved transmembrane protein responsible for water transport across cell membranes. AQPs in gastrointestinal tract include four members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, and AQP8, and three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP10. In the digestive glands, especially the liver, we discuss four members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, and AQP8, three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP7, AQP9, and AQP12. In digestive system, the abnormal expression of AQPs is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of diseases. AQP1 is involved in saliva secretion and fat digestion and is closely related to gastric cancer and chronic liver disease; AQP3 is involved in the diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease; AQP4 regulates gastric acid secretion and is associated with the development of gastric cancer; AQP5 is relevant to gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and migration; AQP7 is the major aquaglyceroporin in pancreatic β cells; AQP8 plays a role in pancreatic juice secretion and may be a potential target for the treatment of diarrhea; AQP9 plays considerable role in glycerol metabolism and hepatocellular carcinoma; Studies on the function of AQP10 and AQP12 are still limited. Further studies are necessary for specific locations and functions of AQPs in digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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12
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Mu K, Kitts DD. Application of a HyPer-3 sensor to monitor intracellular H 2O 2 generation induced by phenolic acids in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Anal Biochem 2022; 659:114934. [PMID: 36206845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are an important point of contact between dietary food components consumed and subsequent whole-body utilization for body maintenance and growth. Selective bioactive phenolic acids, widely present in fruits, vegetables and beverages can generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and contribute to the cellular redox balance, hence influencing well-known cellular antioxidant and pro-oxidant mechanisms. Our findings have showed that increasing extracellular H2O2 resulted in associated changes in intracellular H2O2 levels in Caco-2 cells (p < 0.05) which was facilitated by activity of a family of water channel membrane proteins, termed aquaporins (AQPs). To demonstrate this, a HyPer-3 genetically encoded fluorescent H2O2 sensitive indicator was used to enable fluorescent real-time imaging of intracellular H2O2 levels as a measure of changes occurring in extracellular H2O2 in differentiated Caco-2 cells exposed to different phenolic acids. The use of confocal microscopy and flow cytometry, respectively, captured visualization and quantification of H2O2 uptake in differentiated Caco-2 cells. DFP00173, an aquaporin 3 (AQP3) inhibitor was effective at inhibiting the intracellular uptake of H2O2 and was sensitive to varied levels of H2O2 generated when different phenolic acids were added to the culture media. In summary, HyPer-3 was shown to be an effective technique to demonstrate relative capabilities of structurally different dietary phenolic acids that have potential to alter intestinal redox balance by changing intracellular H2O2, and either antioxidant or pro-oxidant activity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Mu
- Food Science, Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - David D Kitts
- Food Science, Food Nutrition and Health Program, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Liu S, Qiu Y, Gu F, Xu X, Wu S, Jin Z, Wang L, Gao K, Zhu C, Yang X, Jiang Z. Niacin Improves Intestinal Health through Up-Regulation of AQPs Expression Induced by GPR109A. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158332. [PMID: 35955466 PMCID: PMC9368703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Changes in the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) in the intestine are proved to be associated with the attenuation of diarrhea. Diarrhea is a severe problem for postweaning piglets. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether niacin could alleviate diarrhea in weaned piglets by regulating AQPs expression and the underlying mechanisms; (2) Methods: 72 weaned piglets (Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), 21 d old, 6.60 ± 0.05 kg) were randomly allotted into 3 groups for a 14-day feeding trial. Each treatment group included 6 replicate pens and each pen included 4 barrows (n = 24/treatment). Piglets were fed a basal diet (CON), a basal diet supplemented with 20.4 mg niacin/kg diet (NA) or the basal diet administered an antagonist for the GPR109A receptor (MPN). Additionally, an established porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2) was used to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of niacin on AQPs expression after Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88) treatment; (3) Results: Piglets fed niacin-supplemented diet had significantly decreased diarrhea rate, and increased mRNA and protein level of ZO-1, AQP 1 and AQP 3 in the colon compared with those administered a fed diet supplemented with an antagonist (p < 0.05). In addition, ETEC K88 treatment significantly reduced the cell viability, cell migration, and mRNA and protein expression of AQP1, AQP3, AQP7, AQP9, AQP11, and GPR109A in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). However, supplementation with niacin significantly prevented the ETEC K88-induced decline in the cell viability, cell migration, and the expression level of AQPs mRNA and protein in IPEC-J2 cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, siRNA GPR109A knockdown significantly abrogated the protective effect of niacin on ETEC K88-induced cell damage (p < 0.05); (4) Conclusions: Niacin supplementation increased AQPs and ZO-1 expression to reduce diarrhea and intestinal damage through GPR109A pathway in weaned piglets.
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Aquaporin 8ab is required in zebrafish embryonic intestine development. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:952-960. [PMID: 35880566 PMCID: PMC9828320 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aquaporin 8 (AQP8) is a small integral membrane protein that selectively transports water and other small uncharged solutes across cell plasma membranes. It has been demonstrated that AQP8 is ubiquitously present in various tissues and organs of mammals, and participates in many physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies showed that AQP8 is highly expressed in the columnar epithelial cells of mammalian colonic mucosa facing lumen, indicating that AQP8 plays potential roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of gastrointestinal tract. However, the role of AQP8 during gastrointestinal tract development is unclear. In the present study, RT-PCR results reveal that the zebrafish genome encodes three kinds of aqp8s ( aqp8aa, aqp8ab, and aqp8b). We use whole mount in situ hybridization to describe aqp8 genes spatiotemporal expression pattern, and the results show that aqp8ab mRNA is detectable mainly in the zebrafish embryonic intestine. To reveal the details of aqp8ab distribution, histological sections are employed. Transverse sections indicate that aqp8ab mRNA expression is more intense in the layer lining the intestinal cavity. Knockout of aqp8ab using the CRISPR/Cas9 system induces intestine development defects and abnormal formation of intestinal lumen. In addition, aqp8ab mRNA significantly rescues the intestine defects in the aqp8ab mutant. These results indicate that aqp8ab is required in the intestine development of zebrafish.
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15
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Do C, Evans GJ, DeAguero J, Escobar GP, Lin HC, Wagner B. Dysnatremia in Gastrointestinal Disorders. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:892265. [PMID: 35646996 PMCID: PMC9136014 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.892265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary solute of the milieu intérieur is sodium and accompanying anions. The solvent is water. The kidneys acutely regulate homeostasis in filtration, secretion, and resorption of electrolytes, non-electrolytes, and minerals while balancing water retention and clearance. The gastrointestinal absorptive and secretory functions enable food digestion and water absorption needed to sustain life. Gastrointestinal perturbations including vomiting and diarrhea can lead to significant volume and electrolyte losses, overwhelming the renal homeostatic compensatory mechanisms. Dysnatremia, potassium and acid-base disturbances can result from gastrointestinal pathophysiologic processes. Understanding the renal and gastrointestinal contributions to homeostatis are important for the clinical evaluation of perturbed volume disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Do
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Institute of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States,University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Gretta J. Evans
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Joshua DeAguero
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Institute of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - G. Patricia Escobar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Institute of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Henry C. Lin
- New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Brent Wagner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Institute of New Mexico, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States,University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States,*Correspondence: Brent Wagner
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16
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Helicobacter pylori infection activates Wnt/β-catenin pathway to promote the occurrence of gastritis by upregulating ASCL1 and AQP5. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:257. [PMID: 35538066 PMCID: PMC9090998 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a well-recognized contributing factor to gastritis, but the underlying mechanisms remain to be established. It is interesting to note that AQP5 was predicted to be highly expressed in intestinal metaplasia (IM) based on H. pylori infection-related microarray data, and the transcription factor ASCL1 was bioinformatically predicted to associate with AQP5. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the mechanistic significance of ASCL1 and AQP5 in H. pylori infection of gastritis. Gastritis mouse models were established by H. pylori infection, followed by determination of AQP5 and ASCL1 in gastric mucosa. Besides, the effects of AQP5 on H. pylori-induced gastritis were explored using AQP5-/- mice. It was observed that H. pylori infection elevated expression of AQP5 and ASCL1 in gastric mucosa and gastric epithelial cells (GECs). H. pylori induced AQP5 expression by regulating ASCL1 and activated WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in GECs. It was also found that AQP5 knockdown suppressed inflammatory response and apoptosis in H. pylori-infected mice. Moreover, H. pylori infection-elevated ASCL1 and AQP5 expression promoted apoptosis and inflammation in GECs. Taken together, the key findings of the present study demonstrate that H. pylori infection activated WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway by upregulating ASCL1/AQP5 to induce gastritis.
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17
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Hladky SB, Barrand MA. The glymphatic hypothesis: the theory and the evidence. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:9. [PMID: 35115036 PMCID: PMC8815211 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic hypothesis proposes a mechanism for extravascular transport into and out of the brain of hydrophilic solutes unable to cross the blood-brain barrier. It suggests that there is a circulation of fluid carrying solutes inwards via periarterial routes, through the interstitium and outwards via perivenous routes. This review critically analyses the evidence surrounding the mechanisms involved in each of these stages. There is good evidence that both influx and efflux of solutes occur along periarterial routes but no evidence that the principal route of outflow is perivenous. Furthermore, periarterial inflow of fluid is unlikely to be adequate to provide the outflow that would be needed to account for solute efflux. A tenet of the hypothesis is that flow sweeps solutes through the parenchyma. However, the velocity of any possible circulatory flow within the interstitium is too small compared to diffusion to provide effective solute movement. By comparison the earlier classical hypothesis describing extravascular transport proposed fluid entry into the parenchyma across the blood-brain barrier, solute movements within the parenchyma by diffusion, and solute efflux partly by diffusion near brain surfaces and partly carried by flow along "preferred routes" including perivascular spaces, white matter tracts and subependymal spaces. It did not suggest fluid entry via periarterial routes. Evidence is still incomplete concerning the routes and fate of solutes leaving the brain. A large proportion of the solutes eliminated from the parenchyma go to lymph nodes before reaching blood but the proportions delivered directly to lymph or indirectly via CSF which then enters lymph are as yet unclear. In addition, still not understood is why and how the absence of AQP4 which is normally highly expressed on glial endfeet lining periarterial and perivenous routes reduces rates of solute elimination from the parenchyma and of solute delivery to it from remote sites of injection. Neither the glymphatic hypothesis nor the earlier classical hypothesis adequately explain how solutes and fluid move into, through and out of the brain parenchyma. Features of a more complete description are discussed. All aspects of extravascular transport require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Hladky
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD UK
| | - Margery A. Barrand
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD UK
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18
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Microarray Analysis of Paramylon, Isolated from Euglena Gracilis EOD-1, and Its Effects on Lipid Metabolism in the Ileum and Liver in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103406. [PMID: 34684408 PMCID: PMC8538961 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that supplementation of a high fat diet with paramylon (PM) reduces the postprandial glucose rise, serum total and LDL cholesterol levels, and abdominal fat accumulation in mice. The purpose of this study was to explore the underlying mechanism of PM using microarray analysis. Male mice (C57BL/BL strain) were fed an experimental diet (50% fat energy) containing 5% PM isolated from Euglena gracilis EOD-1 for 12 weeks. After confirming that PM had an improving effect on lipid metabolism, we assessed ileal and hepatic mRNA expression using DNA microarray and subsequent analysis by gene ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. The results suggested that dietary supplementation with PM resulted in decreased abdominal fat accumulation and serum LDL cholesterol concentrations via suppression of the digestion and absorption pathway in the ileum and activation of the hepatic PPAR signaling pathway. Postprandial glucose rise was reduced in mice fed PM, whereas changes in the glucose metabolism pathway were not detected in GO classification and KEGG pathway analysis. PM intake might enhance serum secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations via promotion of the immunoglobulin production pathway in the ileum.
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19
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Peptide Nanoparticle-Mediated Combinatorial Delivery of Cancer-Related siRNAs for Synergistic Anti-Proliferative Activity in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14100957. [PMID: 34681181 PMCID: PMC8540820 DOI: 10.3390/ph14100957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the deadliest types of cancer for women of different age groups. Frequently this cancer does not respond to conservative treatment. Combinatorial RNAi can be suggested as an advanced approach to TNBC therapy. Due to the fact that TNBC cells overexpress chemokine receptor 4 we used modular L1 peptide-based nanoparticles modified with CXCR4 ligand for combinatorial delivery of siRNAs suppressing major transduction pathways. TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231 was used as a cellular model. Genes encoding the AQP3, CDC20, and COL4A2 proteins responsible for proliferative activity in TNBC cells were selected as RNAi targets. The siRNA binding ability of the carrier was studied at different charge ratios. The silencing specificity was demonstrated for all siRNAs studied. Alamar Blue proliferation assay has shown significant reduction in the anti-proliferative activity after combinatorial siRNA transfection compared to single siRNA delivery. The most significant synergistic effect has been demonstrated for combinatorial transfection of anti-COL4A2 and anti-CDC20 siRNAs what resulted in 1.5-2 fold inhibition of proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. Based on our findings, we have concluded that combinatorial treatment by CXCR4-ligand modified L1-polyplexes formed with AQP3, CDC20, and COL4A2 siRNAs effectively inhibits proliferation of TNBC cells and can be suggested as useful tool for RNAi-mediated cancer therapy.
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20
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Lv H, Li Y, Xue C, Dong N, Bi C, Shan A. Aquaporin: targets for dietary nutrients to regulate intestinal health. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:167-180. [PMID: 33811387 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQP) are a class of water channel membrane proteins that are widely expressed in the gut. The biological functions of aquaporins, which regulate the absorption and secretion of water molecules and small solutes, maintain the stable state of the intestine, regulate cell proliferation and migration, participate in the process of intestinal inflammation, and mediate tumorigenesis, demonstrate the physiological significance of these channels in intestinal health. The pathology of many intestinal diseases is associated with changes in the location and expression of aquaporins, such as intestinal infection, which can change the expression and distribution of AQPs in intestinal tissues/cells by affecting cytokines and chemokines. This can lead to various intestinal diseases such as diarrhoea, which also suggests the importance of aquaporins in the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases. This review summarizes the relationship between aquaporins and intestinal physiology and diseases and focuses on drugs (such as plant extracts) or diets that can regulate intestinal health by regulating aquaporins. It provides a basis for establishing aquaporins as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lv
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenyu Xue
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Dong
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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21
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Azad AK, Raihan T, Ahmed J, Hakim A, Emon TH, Chowdhury PA. Human Aquaporins: Functional Diversity and Potential Roles in Infectious and Non-infectious Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:654865. [PMID: 33796134 PMCID: PMC8007926 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.654865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins and found in all living organisms from bacteria to human. AQPs mainly involved in the transmembrane diffusion of water as well as various small solutes in a bidirectional manner are widely distributed in various human tissues. Human contains 13 AQPs (AQP0-AQP12) which are divided into three sub-classes namely orthodox aquaporin (AQP0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, and 8), aquaglyceroporin (AQP3, 7, 9, and 10) and super or unorthodox aquaporin (AQP11 and 12) based on their pore selectivity. Human AQPs are functionally diverse, which are involved in wide variety of non-infectious diseases including cancer, renal dysfunction, neurological disorder, epilepsy, skin disease, metabolic syndrome, and even cardiac diseases. However, the association of AQPs with infectious diseases has not been fully evaluated. Several studies have unveiled that AQPs can be regulated by microbial and parasitic infections that suggest their involvement in microbial pathogenesis, inflammation-associated responses and AQP-mediated cell water homeostasis. This review mainly aims to shed light on the involvement of AQPs in infectious and non-infectious diseases and potential AQPs-target modulators. Furthermore, AQP structures, tissue-specific distributions and their physiological relevance, functional diversity and regulations have been discussed. Altogether, this review would be useful for further investigation of AQPs as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of infectious as well as non-infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abul Kalam Azad
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Topu Raihan
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Jahed Ahmed
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Al Hakim
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain Emon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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22
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Pinho JO, da Silva IV, Amaral JD, Rodrigues CMP, Casini A, Soveral G, Gaspar MM. Therapeutic potential of a copper complex loaded in pH-sensitive long circulating liposomes for colon cancer management. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120463. [PMID: 33711474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is a complex malignancy and current therapies are hampered by systemic toxicity and tumor resistance to treatment. In the field of cancer therapy, copper (Cu) compounds hold great promise, with some reaching clinical trials. However, the anticancer potential of Cu complexes has not yet been fully disclosed due to speciation in biological systems, leading to inactivation and/or potential side effects. This is the case of the widely studied Cu(II) complexes featuring phenanthroline ligands, with potent antiproliferative effects in vitro, but often failing in vivo. Aiming to overcome these limitations and maximize its anticancer effects in vivo, the Cu(II) complex (Cu(1,10-phenanthroline)Cl2) (Cuphen), displaying IC50 values <6 μM against different tumor cell lines, was loaded in long circulating liposomes with pH-sensitive properties (F1, DMPC:CHEMS:DSPE-PEG; F2, DOPE:CHEMS:DMPC:DSPE-PEG). This enabled a pH-dependent Cuphen release, with F1 and F2 releasing 36/78% and 47/94% of Cuphen at pH 6/4.5, respectively. The so formed nanoformulations preserved Cuphen effects towards cancer cell lines, with F2 presenting IC50 of 2.7 μM and 4.9 μM towards colon cancer CT-26 and HCT-116 cells, respectively. Additional in vitro studies confirmed that Cuphen antiproliferative activity towards colon cancer cells does not rely on cell cycle effect. Furthermore, in these cells, Cuphen reduced glycerol permeation and impaired cell migration. At 24 h incubation, wound closure was reduced by Cuphen, with migration values of 29% vs 54% (control) and 45% (1,10-phenanthroline) in CT-26 cells, and 33% vs ~44% (control and 1,10-phenanthroline) in HCT-116 cells. These effects were probably due to inhibition of aquaglyceroporins, membrane water and glycerol channels that are often abnormally expressed in tumors. In a syngeneic murine colon cancer model, F2 significantly reduced tumor progression, compared to the control group and to mice treated with free Cuphen or with the ligand, 1,10-phenanthroline, without eliciting toxic side effects. F2 led to a tumor volume reduction of ca. 50%. This was confirmed by RTV analysis, where F2 reached a value of 1.3 vs 4.4 (Control), 5.8 (Phen) and 3.8 (free Cuphen). These results clearly demonstrated the important role of the Cu(II) for the observed biological activity that was maximized following the association to a lipid-based nanosystem. Overall, this study represents a step forward in the development of pH-sensitive nanotherapeutic strategies of metallodrugs for colon cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta O Pinho
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês V da Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana D Amaral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cecília M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Angela Casini
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany.
| | - Graça Soveral
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - M Manuela Gaspar
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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23
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Kollmann P, Elfers K, Maurer S, Klingenspor M, Schemann M, Mazzuoli-Weber G. Submucosal enteric neurons of the cavine distal colon are sensitive to hypoosmolar stimuli. J Physiol 2020; 598:5317-5332. [PMID: 32880976 DOI: 10.1113/jp280309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Neurons of the enteric submucous plexus are challenged by osmolar fluctuations during digestion and absorption of nutrients. Central neurons are very sensitive to changes in osmolality but knowledge on that issue related to enteric neurons is sparse. The present study focuses on investigation of osmosensitivity of submucosal neurons including potential molecular mediating mechanisms. Results show that submucosal neurons respond to hypoosmolar stimuli with increased activity which is partially mediated by the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel. We provided important information on osmosensitive properties of enteric neurons. These data are fundamental to better explain the nerve-mediated control of the gastrointestinal functions during physiological and pathophysiological (diarrhoea) conditions. ABSTRACT Enteric neurons are located inside the gut wall, where they are confronted with changes in osmolality during (inter-) digestive periods. In particular, neurons of the submucous plexus (SMP), located between epithelial cells and blood vessels may sense and respond to osmotic shifts. The present study was conducted to investigate osmosensitivity of enteric submucosal neurons and the potential role of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 channel (TRPV4) as a mediator of enteric neuronal osmosensitivity. Therefore, freshly dissected submucosal preparations from guinea pig colon were investigated for osmosensitivity using voltage-sensitive dye and Ca2+ imaging. Acute hypoosmolar stimuli (final osmolality reached at ganglia of 94, 144 and 194 mOsm kg-1 ) were applied to single ganglia using a local perfusion system. Expression of TRPV4 in the SMP was quantified using qRT-PCR, and GSK1016790A and HC-067047 were used to activate or block the receptor, respectively, revealing its relevance in enteric osmosensitivity. On average, 11.0 [7.0/17.0] % of submucosal neurons per ganglion responded to the hypoosmolar stimulus. The Ca2+ imaging experiments showed that glia responded to the hypoosmolar stimulus, but with a delay in comparison with neurons. mRNA expression of TRPV4 could be shown in the SMP and blockade of the receptor by HC-067047 significantly decreased the number of responding neurons (0.0 [0.0/6.3] %) while the TRPV4 agonist GSK1016790A caused action potential discharge in a subpopulation of osmosensitive enteric neurons. The results of the present study provide insight into the osmosensitivity of submucosal enteric neurons and strongly indicate the involvement of TRPV4 as an osmotransducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Kollmann
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Kristin Elfers
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Maurer
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine & ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine & ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael Schemann
- Chair of Human Biology, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gemma Mazzuoli-Weber
- Institute for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Foundation, Hannover, Germany
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24
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Zhang M, Li T, Zhu J, Tuo B, Liu X. Physiological and pathophysiological role of ion channels and transporters in the colorectum and colorectal cancer. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:9486-9494. [PMID: 32662230 PMCID: PMC7520301 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer has increased annually, and the pathogenesis of this disease requires further investigation. In normal colorectal tissues, ion channels and transporters maintain the water‐electrolyte balance and acid/base homeostasis. However, dysfunction of these ion channels and transporters leads to the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Therefore, this review focuses on the progress in understanding the roles of ion channels and transporters in the colorectum and in colorectal cancer, including aquaporins (AQPs), Cl− channels, Cl−/HCO3‐ exchangers, Na+/HCO3‐ transporters and Na+/H+ exchangers. The goal of this review is to promote the identification of new targets for the treatment and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China
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Seifter JL. Body Fluid Compartments, Cell Membrane Ion Transport, Electrolyte Concentrations, and Acid-Base Balance. Semin Nephrol 2020; 39:368-379. [PMID: 31300092 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Measurements made in the blood, part of the extracellular compartment, are used in the clinical assessment of acid-base disorders; however, intracellular events determine much of the metabolic importance of these disorders. Intracellular and interstitial compartment acid-base balance is complex and varies in different tissues. This review considers the determination of extracellular pH in the context of ion transport processes at the interface of cells and the interstitial fluid, and between epithelial cells lining the transcellular contents of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts that open to the external environment. A further consideration is the role of these membrane transporters in the generation of acid-base disorders and the associated disruption of electrolyte balance. This review suggests a process of internal and external balance for pH regulation similar to that of potassium, and considers the role of secretory gastrointestinal epithelia and renal epithelia with respect to normal pH homeostasis and clinical disorders. Electroneutrality of electrolytes in the extracellular fluid is a fundamental feature of reciprocal changes in Cl- or non-Cl- anions and HCO3-. Normal mechanisms for protecting cell pH and producing normal gastrointestinal and renal secretions in healthy states also may result in disease when abnormal. In a similar manner, organic anions such as ketoacid anions and lactate, normally transported as fuels between organs, result in acid-base disturbances in disease. Understanding the genomic basis of these transporters may contribute to specific treatments.
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Kaihoko Y, Tsugami Y, Suzuki N, Suzuki T, Nishimura T, Kobayashi K. Distinct expression patterns of aquaporin 3 and 5 in ductal and alveolar epithelial cells in mouse mammary glands before and after parturition. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:513-526. [PMID: 31953689 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03168-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Milk osmolarity maintains an isotonic status for suckling infants during lactation. However, it remains unclear how the water content in milk is regulated in lactating mammary glands. In lactating mammary alveoli and ducts, mammary epithelial cells (MECs) are in direct contact with milk. In this study, we focus on two types of water channels, aquaporin 3 (AQP3) and AQP5, in alveolar and ductal MECs before and after parturition. AQP3 showed diffuse localization in the cytoplasm of ductal MECs but concentrated localization in the basolateral membrane of alveolar MECs during the late pregnancy and lactation periods. Translocation of AQP5 from the cytoplasm toward the apical membrane occurred in ductal MECs immediately before parturition. Subsequently, we examined the hormonal influences on the expression of AQP3 and AQP5 in cultured MECs in vitro. Progesterone and estrogen distinctly increased AQP3 and AQP5 in cultured MECs, respectively. Cotreatment with prolactin and dexamethasone significantly decreased both AQP3 and AQP5. Prolactin also facilitated the translocation of AQP5 into the apical membrane of MECs. In cultured MECs, AQP3 was homogeneously expressed in MECs, whereas AQP5 showed different expression levels between MECs regardless of the hormonal treatment. Different activation states of the prolactin/STAT5 pathway were also observed between ductal and alveolar MECs. These findings suggest that the expression pattern of AQP3 and AQP5 is distinctly regulated by lactogenic hormones in alveolar and ductal MECs before and after parturition. AQP5 expressed in ductal MECs may function as a water channel to regulate milk osmolarity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kaihoko
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yusaku Tsugami
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Norihiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Takanori Nishimura
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ken Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Cell and Tissue Biology, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, North 9, West 9, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan.
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Krone JEC, Agyekum AK, Ter Borgh M, Hamonic K, Penner GB, Columbus DA. Characterization of urea transport mechanisms in the intestinal tract of growing pigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G839-G844. [PMID: 31604028 PMCID: PMC6962497 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00220.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pigs are capable of nitrogen salvage via urea recycling, which involves the movement of urea in the gastrointestinal tract. Aquaporins (AQP) and urea transporter B (UT-B) are involved in urea recycling in ruminants; however, their contribution to urea flux in the intestinal tract of the pig is not known. The objective of this study was to characterize the presence and relative contribution of known urea transporters to urea flux in the growing pig. Intestinal tissue samples (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon) were obtained from nine barrows (50.8 ± 0.9 kg) and analyzed for mRNA abundance of UT-B and AQP-3, -7, and -10. Immediately after tissue collection, samples from the jejunum and cecum were placed in Ussing chambers for analysis of the serosal-to-mucosal urea flux (Jsm-urea) with no inhibition or when incubated in the presence of phloretin to inhibit UT-B-mediated transport, NiCl2 to inhibit AQP-mediated transport, or both inhibitors. UT-B expression was greatest (P < 0.05) in the cecum, whereas AQP-3, -7, and -10 expression was greatest (P < 0.05) in the jejunum. The Jsm-urea was greater in the cecum than the jejunum (67.8 . 42.7 ± 5.01 µmol·cm-2·h-1; P < 0.05), confirming the capacity for urea recycling in the gut in pigs; however, flux rate was not influenced (P > 0.05) by urea transporter inhibitors. The results of this study suggest that, although known urea transporters are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs, they may not play a significant functional role in transepithelial urea transport.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We characterized the location and contribution of known urea transporters to urea flux in the pig. Aquaporins are located throughout the intestinal tract, and urea transporter B is expressed only in the cecum. Urea flux occurred in both the jejunum and cecum. Transporter inhibitors had no affect on urea flux, suggesting that their contribution to urea transport in the intestinal tract is limited. Further work is required to determine which factors contribute to urea flux in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack E C Krone
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Atta K Agyekum
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Miriam Ter Borgh
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Kimberley Hamonic
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Gregory B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Zhang J, Li S, Deng F, Baikeli B, Yu W, Liu G. Distribution of aquaporins and sodium transporters in the gastrointestinal tract of a desert hare, Lepus yarkandensis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16639. [PMID: 31719660 PMCID: PMC6851143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Lepus yarkandensis is a desert hare of the Tarim Basin in western China, and it has strong adaptability to arid environments. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water channel proteins that facilitate transmembrane water transport. Gastrointestinal tract AQPs are involved in fluid absorption in the small intestine and colon. This study aimed to determine the distribution of AQPs and sodium transporters in the gastrointestinal tract of L. yarkandensis and to compare the expression of these proteins with that in Oryctolagus cuniculus. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyse the cellular distribution of these proteins, and the acquired images were analysed with IpWin32 software. Our results revealed that AQP1 was located in the colonic epithelium, central lacteal cells, fundic gland parietal cells, and capillary endothelial cells; AQP3 was located in the colonic epithelium, small intestinal villus epithelium, gastric pit and fundic gland; AQP4 was located in the fundic gland, small intestinal gland and colonic epithelium; and epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and Na+-K+-ATPase were located in the epithelial cells, respectively. The higher expression levels of AQP1, AQP3, ENaC and Na+-K+-ATPase in the colon of L. yarkandensis compared to those in O. cuniculus suggested that L. yarkandensis has a higher capacity for faecal dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Zhang
- College of Life Science, Tarim University Alar, Xinjiang Province, 843300, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Tarim Basin, Tarim University Alar, Xinjiang Province, 843300, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, Anhui Province, 233030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuwei Li
- College of Life Science, Tarim University Alar, Xinjiang Province, 843300, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Tarim Basin, Tarim University Alar, Xinjiang Province, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Deng
- College of Life Science, Tarim University Alar, Xinjiang Province, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Buheliqihan Baikeli
- College of Life Science, Tarim University Alar, Xinjiang Province, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijiang Yu
- College of Life Science, Tarim University Alar, Xinjiang Province, 843300, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, and Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research Bengbu Medical College Bengbu, Anhui Province, 233030, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, and Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding and Agricultural Animal Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430070, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Tan J, Zhang C, Wang Y, Chen X, Lei C, Chen H, Fang X. Research on associations between variants and haplotypes of Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) gene with growth traits in three cattle breeds. Anim Biotechnol 2019; 32:185-193. [PMID: 31680615 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2019.1675681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin 9 plays critical roles in aspects of energy homeostasis, metabolism, gluconeogenesis, fat synthesis and even the individual growth and development. So the Aquaporin 9 (AQP9) gene is a potential candidate gene for bovine growth traits. In this study, we detected the polymorphism of the bovine AQP9 gene including all exons by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing methods with six pairs of PCR primers in 555 individuals from three cattle breeds. Three novel SNPs (NC_007308:g.47575 C > T, 47615 C > T, 47690A > G) were detected using P6 primer. The linkage disequilibrium analysis indicated that the three SNPs were completely linked (r2 = 1), which constructed three genotypes (AA, AB, BB). The genotype AB was dominant in all three breeds. The frequencies of haplotype A and haplotype B were almost equivalent between each other. The individuals with genotype AB were significantly higher than those individuals with genotype BB in body weight (p < 0.01), chest circumference (p < 0.05) and rump length (p < 0.05). Moreover, individuals with genotype AA were significantly higher than those of individuals with genotype BB in body height (p < 0.01). These results suggested that the novel SNPs could be a perfect molecular marker for marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Zhang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China.,Shanghai Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoyan Tan
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xingtang Fang
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, P. R. China
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Duan PY, Ma Y, Li XN, Qu FZ, Ji L, Guo XY, Zhang WJ, Xiao F, Li L, Hu JS, Sun B, Wang G. Inhibition of RIPK1-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis provides protection against acute pancreatitis via the RIPK1/NF-κB/AQP8 pathway. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-17. [PMID: 31375658 PMCID: PMC6802613 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, preliminary results have confirmed the existence of receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL)-dependent necroptosis of pancreatic acinar cells during early acute pancreatitis (AP), which might be a potential target for the effective regulation of necroinflammatory injury. However, the exact effect of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1)-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis on AP is still uncertain. In our study, we first explored the changes in the degree of local and systemic inflammation in AP rats when the activation of acinar cell RIPK1 was inhibited. The RIPK1 inhibitor Nec-1 was used to treat rats, and the levels of related inflammatory markers, necrosis indicators and apoptotic indicators were measured. Changes in pancreatic nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and aquaporin 8 (AQP8) expression were noted. Next, the expression of AQP8 in AR42J cells was inhibited, and the degree of cell necrosis and inflammatory damage was found to be significantly reduced. Most importantly, we demonstrated that the RIPK1/NF-ĸB/AQP8 axis might be a potential regulatory pathway mediating RIPK1-dependent regulated acinar cell necrosis in early AP. Finally, we used the NF-κB inhibitor PDTC and Nec-1 to treat rats in different groups and measured the degree of pathological pancreatic injury, the activation of RIPK1, and the expression of NF-κB and AQP8. In summary, we hypothesized that there might be a RIPK1/NF-ĸB/AQP8 pathway controlling RIPK1-dependent regulated necrosis of acinar cells in AP, which might be a promising therapeutic target against AP-related injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Duan
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Medical Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xi-Na Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng-Zhi Qu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liang Ji
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Guo
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wang-Jun Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Le Li
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Ji-Sheng Hu
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bei Sun
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Downregulation of Aquaporin 3 Mediated the Laxative Effect in the Rat Colon by a Purified Resin Glycoside Fraction from Pharbitis Semen. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:9406342. [PMID: 30733814 PMCID: PMC6348868 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9406342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Pharbitis Semen, the seeds of Pharbitis nil, is widely used as a traditional purgative medicine in China, Korea, and Japan. This study investigated the laxative effects of a purified resin glycoside fraction obtained in our previous study from Pharbitis Semen in vivo and in vitro. Materials and Methods After orally administering a purified resin glycoside fraction from Pharbitis Semen (RFP) to rats, the content of fecal water, AQP3, NF-κB, COX-2 expression, and the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) concentrations in the colon were examined. Moreover, human intestinal epithelial cells (HT-29) were used to investigate the mechanism of RFP decreasing the AQP3 expression. Results Results obtained showed that treatment with RFP increased the feces excretion and fecal water content of rats in a dose-dependent manner. More interestingly, AQP3 expression was suppressed by RFP treatment both in the rat colons and in HT-29 cells, while the NF-κB pathway-mediated PGE2 production was activated. Interestingly, pretreating rats with BAY-11-7082 (NF-κB inhibitor) or indomethacin (COX-2 inhibitor) and RFP neither induced diarrhea nor decreased the AQP3 expression in the colon. Conclusions The purgative property of the purified resin glycoside fraction was attributed to NF-κB activation in the colon, which increased the COX-2-mediated secretion of PGE2. PGE2 decreased AQP3 expression which inhibits water absorbed from the intestine to the blood vessel side, resulting in the laxative effect of RFP.
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Kim JE, Yun WB, Lee ML, Choi JY, Park JJ, Kim HR, Song BR, Hong JT, Song HK, Hwang DY. Synergic Laxative Effects of an Herbal Mixture of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of Sprague Dawley Rats. J Med Food 2019; 22:294-304. [PMID: 30724689 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.4234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Constipation is an acute or chronic illness attributed to various causes, ranging from lifestyle habits to side effects of a disease. To improve the laxative effects of some traditional medicines, herbal mixtures of Liriope platyphylla, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and Cinnamomum cassia (LGC) were evaluated for their mechanism of action and therapeutic effects in loperamide (Lop)-induced constipated Sprague Dawley rats by examining alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels. Food intake and water consumption were constant for all animals. We observed that the Lop+LGC-treated group had significantly greater excretion of stool and urine than was observed in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Administration of LGC in the constipation model restored the intestinal transit ratio to normal levels, and increased the number of goblet cells, mucosal layer, and muscle thickness. Mucin secretion was greater in the Lop+LGC-treated group than in the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, and the expression of MUC2 and AQP8 genes were also increased. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot revealed an increase in the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in the Lop+LGC-treated group compared to the Lop+Vehicle-treated group. Furthermore, compared with the Lop+Vehicle-treated group, treatment with LGC reduced the phosphorylation of PKC and PI3K, and expression of Gα protein, but increased levels of IP3. Our results suggest that the traditional herbal mixture of LGC induces a potent laxative effect in Lop-induced constipation through mucosal tissue changes and mucin production. We also demonstrated that the laxative effect of LGC is closely related to the expression of mAChR and its downstream signals, suggesting the possibility of developing a constipation-laxative agent using LGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Woo Bin Yun
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Mi Lim Lee
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jun Young Choi
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Ju Park
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Hye Ryeong Kim
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Bo Ram Song
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- 2 College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Hyun Keun Song
- 3 Biomedical Science Institute, Changwon National University, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 1 Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang, Korea
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic idiopathic constipation (CC) is highly prevalent worldwide. A subset of patients with CC have reduced fecal (and by inference, intra-colonic) bile acids (BA). Elobixibat, a locally-acting ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) inhibitor, leads to increased BA delivery to the colon and represents a new class of treatment for CC. BAs accelerate colonic transit and increase colonic secretion. Therefore, IBAT inhibitors have potential to treat patients with CC. Areas covered: Rationale for IBAT inhibitor in therapeutics, and preclinical and clinical pharmacology of elobixibat: In vitro, elobixibat is a highly potent, selective IBAT inhibitor. In humans, elobixibat accelerated colonic transit. In phase 2A, 2B and 3 studies in CC, elobixibat was efficacious, well tolerated and safe. An open-label, phase 3 trial (52 weeks) confirmed the safety of elobixibat. Elobixibat reduces LDL cholesterol, increases serum GLP-1, and has potential in metabolic syndrome. Expert commentary: Uniquely among current treatments of CC, elobixibat stimulates both motor and secretory functions in the colon. These dual effects suggest that, when approved, elobixibat may be a first-line choice for constipation associated with colonic BA deficiency and a second-line treatment for all patients with CC and constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Further studies are required to confirm efficacy for relief of CC. Once approved, elobixibat will likely become a second-line choice for treatment of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Chedid
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Priya Vijayvargiya
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- a Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
- b Pharmacology, and Physiology , Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, ConsultantDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic , Rochester , MN , USA
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Seifter JL, Chang HY. Extracellular Acid-Base Balance and Ion Transport Between Body Fluid Compartments. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 32:367-379. [PMID: 28814497 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00007.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical assessment of acid-base disorders depends on measurements made in the blood, part of the extracellular compartment. Yet much of the metabolic importance of these disorders concerns intracellular events. Intracellular and interstitial compartment acid-base balance is complex and heterogeneous. This review considers the determinants of the extracellular fluid pH related to the ion transport processes at the interface of cells and the interstitial fluid, and between epithelial cells lining the transcellular contents of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts that open to the external environment. The generation of acid-base disorders and the associated disruption of electrolyte balance are considered in the context of these membrane transporters. This review suggests a process of internal and external balance for pH regulation, similar to that of potassium. The role of secretory gastrointestinal epithelia and renal epithelia with respect to normal pH homeostasis and clinical disorders are considered. Electroneutrality of electrolytes in the ECF is discussed in the context of reciprocal changes in Cl- or non Cl- anions and [Formula: see text].
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an update on the prevalence, pathophysiology, disease associations, and treatment options for bile acid malabsorption (BAM). RECENT FINDINGS •Molecular mechanisms-BAs prevent water reabsorption and increase water secretion by intracellular mediators, increasing aquaporin channels and intracellular permeability. •Inflammatory bowel disease-new molecular mechanisms of BAM are identified in patients without ileal disease, including changes in expression of ileal BA transporter and nuclear receptors involved in BA homeostasis. •Microscopic colitis-BAM is one of the mechanisms leading to microscopic colitis. •Diagnostic testing-new diagnostic tests have been launched in the USA (serum C4 and fecal 48-h BA excretion); stimulated FGF19 has higher detection of BAM compared to fasting sample alone. •Treatment-investigational FXR agonists may provide a daily, oral option for treatment of BAM instead of BA sequestrants. There is a greater appreciation of the biological role of bile acids across multiple fields of medicine, including gastrointestinal indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Vijayvargiya
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Charlton Bldg., Rm. 8-110, 200 First Street S.W, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Michael Camilleri
- Clinical Enteric Neuroscience Translational and Epidemiological Research (CENTER), Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Charlton Bldg., Rm. 8-110, 200 First Street S.W, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Zhang D, Yang L, Su W, Zhao Y, Ma X, Zhou H, Xu B, Zhang K, Ma H. Aquaporin-4 Is Downregulated in the Basolateral Membrane of Ileum Epithelial Cells during Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Diarrhea in Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2655. [PMID: 29375520 PMCID: PMC5767235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are opportunistic pathogens that colonize the small intestine, produce enterotoxins and induce diarrhea. Some aquaporins (AQPs), such as AQP3 and AQP8, have been reported to participate in diarrhea by decreasing cellular influx in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. AQP4 is another important water channel in the GI tract, but its role in ETEC-induced diarrhea has not been reported. Here, we demonstrated the potential roles of AQP4 in ETEC-induced diarrhea. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting showed that AQP4 was expressed in the mouse ileum, but not in the duodenum or jejunum while immunohistochemical staining showed that AQP4 localized to the basolateral membrane of ileum epithelial cells. Using an ETEC-induced mice diarrhea model, we demonstrated that both AQP4 mRNA level and the AQP4 protein level in the ileum decreased gradually over a time course of 7 days. These results suggest that AQP4 plays a role in the pathogenesis of ETEC-induced diarrhea by mediating water transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Longfei Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiheng Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,The Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Ma
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Haizhu Zhou
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaiqi Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,The Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that the water/glycerol channel aquaporin-3 (AQP3) plays a pivotal role in cancer metastasis. AQP3 knockout mice were resistant to skin tumor formation and overexpression correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with breast or gastric cancer. In cultured cancer cells, increased AQP3 expression stimulated several intracellular signaling pathways and resulted in increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion as well as aggravation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Besides AQP facilitated water transport at the leading edge of migrating cells, AQP3 signaling mechanisms are beginning to be unraveled. Here, we give a thorough review of current knowledge regarding AQP3 expression in cancer and how AQP3 contributes to cancer progression via signaling that modulates cellular mechanisms. This review article will expand our understanding of the known pathophysiological findings regarding AQP3 in cancer.
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Zhu S, Ran J, Yang B, Mei Z. Aquaporins in Digestive System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 969:123-130. [PMID: 28258570 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1057-0_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter, we mainly discuss the expression and function of aquaporins (AQPs ) expressed in digestive system . AQPs in gastrointestinal tract include four members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5 and AQP8, and a member of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3. In the digestive glands, especially the liver, we discuss three members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP5 and AQP8, a member of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP9. AQP3 is involved in the diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease; AQP5 is relevant to gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and migration; AQP9 plays considerable role in glycerol metabolism , urea transport and hepatocellular carcinoma. Further investigation is necessary for specific locations and functions of AQPs in digestive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Wintmo P, Johansen SH, Hansen PBL, Lindholt JS, Urbonavicius S, Rasmussen LM, Bie P, Jensen BL, Stubbe J. The water channel AQP1 is expressed in human atherosclerotic vascular lesions and AQP1 deficiency augments angiotensin II-induced atherosclerosis in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 220:446-460. [PMID: 28129470 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM The water channel aquaporin 1 (AQP1) promotes endothelial cell migration. It was hypothesized that AQP1 promotes neovascularization and growth of atherosclerotic plaques. METHODS AQP1 immunoreactivity and protein abundance was examined in human and murine atherosclerotic lesions and aortic aneurysms. Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (-/-) and AQP1-/-ApoE-/- mice were developed and fed Western diet (WD) for 8 and 16 weeks to accelerate the atherosclerosis process. In ApoE-/- and AQP1-/-ApoE-/- mice abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) were induced by angiotensin II (ANGII) infusion by osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks. RESULTS In human atherosclerotic lesions and AAA, AQP1 immunoreactive protein was associated with intralesional small vessels. In ApoE-/- mouse aorta, APQ1 mRNA levels were increased with time on WD (n = 7-9, P < 0.003). Both in murine lesions at the aortic root and in the abdominal aortic aneurysmal wall, AQP1 immunoreactivity was associated with microvascular structures. The atherosclerotic lesion burden was enhanced significantly in ANGII-infused AQP1-/-ApoE-/- mice compared with ApoE-/- mice, but neither incidence nor progression of AAA was different. The aortic lesion burden increased with time on WD but was not different between ApoE-/- and AQP1-/-ApoE-/- mice at either 8 or 16 weeks (n = 13-15). Baseline blood pressure and ANGII-induced hypertension were not different between genotypes. CONCLUSION AQP1 is expressed in atherosclerotic lesion neovasculature in human and mouse arteries and AQP1 deficiency augments lesion development in ANGII-promoted atherosclerosis in mice. Normal function of AQP1 affords cardiovascular protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Wintmo
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
| | - S. H. Johansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
| | - P. B. L. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
| | - J. S. Lindholt
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery T; University Hospital of Odense; Odense C Denmark
| | - S. Urbonavicius
- Cardiovascular Research Centre; Viborg Hospital; Viborg Denmark
| | - L. M. Rasmussen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology; Odense University Hospital; Odense C Denmark
| | - P. Bie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
| | - B. L. Jensen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
| | - J. Stubbe
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research; Institute of Molecular Biology; University of Southern Denmark; Odense C Denmark
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Effects of Radix Astragali and Its Split Components on Gene Expression Profiles Related to Water Metabolism in Rats with the Dampness Stagnancy due to Spleen Deficiency Syndrome. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4946031. [PMID: 28607573 PMCID: PMC5457750 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4946031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (RA) with slight sweet and warm property is a significant “qi tonifying” herb; it is indicated for the syndrome of dampness stagnancy due to spleen deficiency (DSSD). The purpose of this research was to explore effects of RA and its split components on gene expression profiles related to water metabolism in rats with the DSSD syndrome for identifying components representing property and flavor of RA. The results indicated that RA and its split components, especially polysaccharides component, significantly increased the body weight and the urine volume and decreased the water load index of model rats. Our data also indicated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to water metabolism involved secretion, ion transport, water homeostasis, regulation of body fluid levels, and water channel activity; the expression of AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8 was improved; calcium, cAMP, MAPK, PPAR, AMPK, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway may be related to water metabolism. In general, results indicate that RA and its split components could promote water metabolism in rats with the DSSD syndrome via regulating the expression of AQPs, which reflected sweet-warm properties of RA. Effects of the polysaccharides component are better than others.
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Radloff J, Zakrzewski SS, Pieper R, Markov AG, Amasheh S. Porcine milk induces a strengthening of barrier function in porcine jejunal epithelium in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1397:110-118. [PMID: 28445594 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Milk contains a variety of components that have been shown to affect the expression and localization of epithelial tight junction proteins and therefore the intestinal barrier. Thus, we hypothesized that milk would have an effect on intestinal barrier properties, owing to effects on the tight junction in an intraspecies porcine intestinal in vitro model. Jejunal samples of piglets derived from different age groups were analyzed. Transepithelial electrical resistance was recorded employing the Ussing chamber technique. Porcine milk or predigested milk in buffer solution was added to the apical side, and effects were compared to untreated controls. Unidirectional paracellular flux measurements were performed using sodium fluorescein. Tight junction protein expression and localization were analyzed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence microscopy. Incubation with milk or predigested milk led to an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance, while paracellular permeability for sodium fluorescein did not result in significant changes. Densitometric analysis of immunoblot signals did not show significant alterations in claudin expression, but a reduction of claudin signals in apicolateral membrane compartments in both approaches became apparent via immunohistology. The functional effect might reflect a physiological protective mechanism, when offspring exclusively rely on their mother's milk and are exposed to a plethora of potentially barrier-perturbing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Radloff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silke S Zakrzewski
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Pieper
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander G Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Zhang D, Zhang K, Su W, Zhao Y, Ma X, Qian G, Qu G, Pei Z, Liu S, Ma H. Aquaporin-3 is down-regulated in jejunum villi epithelial cells during enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-induced diarrhea in mice. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:430-435. [PMID: 28442425 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced diarrhea is a complex pathological process, involving ion channel regulation and water efflux. While the mechanism underlying water efflux in ETEC-induced diarrhea is still largely unknown, aquaporins (AQPs) play important roles in transcellular water movement, but their expression profile has not been demonstrated in the murine small intestine. We identified AQP3 expression in the jejunum, but not the duodenum or ileum, using reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. Immunohistochemistry showed that AQP3 localized to the jejunum villi epithelial cells. Using an ETEC-induced murine diarrhea model, we demonstrated that both AQP3 mRNA expression and protein concentration in the jejunum were gradually but significantly decreased over 7 d compared with controls. These results suggested impaired water influx also plays an important role in ETEC-induced diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China.
| | - Kaiqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Weiheng Su
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Xin Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Gong Qian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Guijuan Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Zhihua Pei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Shuming Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, PR China.
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Khachab M, Kanaan A, Awad D, Deeba E, Osman S, Nassar CF. Colectomy induces an aldosterone-mediated increase in jejunal glucose uptake in rats. Life Sci 2017; 174:43-49. [PMID: 28254387 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The main function of the colon is water and electrolyte absorption. Total colectomy eliminates this colonic function and may alter the absorptive capacity of the small intestine for nutrients. This study examines the effect of total colectomy on jejunal glucose absorption and investigates the potential role of aldosterone in mediating the alterations in glucose uptake post-colectomy using the aldosterone antagonist spironolactone. MAIN METHODS Total colectomy with ileo-rectal anastomosis was performed on anesthetized rats. Sham rats were identically handled without colon resection. Two days post-surgery, groups of colectomized rats were injected with either a daily subcutaneous dose of spironolactone or sesame oil for 12days. Body weight changes and food and water intake were measured in all experimental groups. Glucose absorption was measured by in-vivo single pass perfusion in the rat jejunum of control, sham, colectomized, colectomized with spironolactone, and colectomized with sesame oil treatment. Na/K ATPase, SGK1, SGLT1 and GLUT2 expressions were determined in jejunal mucosa in control, colectomized and colectomized/spironolactone injected rats by Western blot analysis. Histological assessment was performed on jejunal sections in control and colectomized groups. KEY FINDINGS Glucose absorption significantly increased in colectomized rats with an observed increase in Na/K ATPase and SGK1 expression. No significant expression change in SGLT1 and GLUT2 was detected in the jejunum in colectomized rats. Spironolactone, however, significantly decreased the glucose uptake post-colectomy and normalized Na/K ATPase and SGK1 expression. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that jejunal glucose uptake increases post-colectomy as a possible consequence of an aldosterone-mediated function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Khachab
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Kurah, Lebanon.
| | - Amjad Kanaan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Kurah, Lebanon
| | - Dania Awad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Elie Deeba
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Kurah, Lebanon
| | - Samira Osman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Kurah, Lebanon
| | - Camille F Nassar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, El-Kurah, Lebanon
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Kim JE, Go J, Sung JE, Lee HA, Yun WB, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Uridine stimulate laxative effect in the loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats through regulation of the mAChRs signaling pathway and mucin secretion. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:21. [PMID: 28122499 PMCID: PMC5267432 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uridine (Urd), which has been reported as a major component of RNA, plays an important role in various biological process including neuroprotection, biochemical modulation and glycolysis, although its role in constipation has yet to be established. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the laxative effects of Urd on chronic constipation. Methods The constipation phenotypes and their related mechanisms were investigated in the transverse colons of SD rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after treatment with 100 mg/kg of Urd. Results The number, weight and water contents of stools were significantly higher in the Lop + Urd treated group than the Lop + Vehicle treated group, while food intake and water consumption of the same group were maintained at a constant level. The thickness of the mucosa layer, muscle and flat luminal surface, as well as the number of goblet cells, paneth cells and lipid droplets were enhanced in the Lop + Urd treated group. Furthermore, the expression of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2 and M3 (mAChR M2 and M3) at the transcriptional and translational level was recovered in the Lop + Urd treated group, while some markers such as Gα and inositol triphosphate (IP3) in their downstream signaling pathway were completely recovered by Urd treatment. Moreover, the ability for mucin secretion and the expression of membrane water channel (aquaporine 8, AQP8) were increased significantly in the Lop + Urd treated group compared with Lop + Vehicle treated group. Finally, the activity of Urd was confirmed in primary smooth muscle of rat intestine cells (pRISMC) based on Gα expression and IP3 concentration. Conclusions The results of the present study provide the first strong evidence that Urd can be considered an important candidate for improving chronic constipation induced by Lop treatment in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Jun Go
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Sung
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Lee
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Woo Bin Yun
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, 361-763, Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science/Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, 627-706, Korea.
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Lu F, Wang F, Chen Z, Huang H. Effect of mesenchymal stem cells on small intestinal injury in a rat model of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:12. [PMID: 28115014 PMCID: PMC5260051 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is often complicated by multiple organ failure. The small intestine is frequently damaged during ANP. Capillary leakage in multiple organs during ANP is one of the most important causes of multiple organ dysfunction. Damage to the capillary endothelial barrier and impaired water transportation could lead to capillary leakage in ANP. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into a control group, the ANP group, the culture media-treated group, or the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-treated group (30 rats in each group). Ten rats in each group were sacrificed at 6, 12, and 24 h after induction of experimental models. Serum, ascites, pancreatic, and small intestinal samples were collected. The levels of serum and ascites albumin and amylases were measured, pancreatic histology was assessed, and the connection changes between vessel endothelial cells were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Capillary leakage in small intestinal tissue was observed visually by tracking fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin, and was measured by the Evans blue extravasation method. The location and expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) in the small intestine was analyzed using immunohistochemistry, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Western blot. RESULTS The outcomes showed that the level of serum and ascites amylase is elevated. Conversely, the level of serum albumin is decreased while ascites albumin is elevated. There is damage to pancreatic tissue, and the small intestinal capillary endothelial barrier was aggravated. Furthermore, the expression of AQP1 was reduced significantly after induced ANP. Following treatment with MSCs, the elevation of amylase and the decrease of serum albumin were inhibited, the damage to pancreatic tissue and the level of small intestinal capillary leakage was alleviated, and the downregulation of AQP1 was reversed. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MSC therapy could alleviate small intestinal injury in rats with ANP, the mechanism of which might be related to reduction of damage to the small intestinal capillary endothelial barrier, and increased expression of AQP1 in the small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchun Lu
- General Surgery Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Feng Wang
- General Surgery Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Zhiyao Chen
- General Surgery Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Heguang Huang
- General Surgery Department, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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About the impact of water movement on the permeation behaviour of nanoparticles in mucus. Int J Pharm 2017; 517:279-285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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47
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Targeting and alteration of tight junctions by bacteria and their virulence factors such as Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin. Pflugers Arch 2016; 469:77-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Pais R, Rievaj J, Larraufie P, Gribble F, Reimann F. Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor-Dependent GLP-1 and PYY Secretion in Mice and Humans. Endocrinology 2016; 157:3821-3831. [PMID: 27447725 PMCID: PMC5045501 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the key hormone mediator of the renin angiotensin system, which regulates blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte balance in the body. Here we report that in the colonic epithelium, the Ang II type 1 receptor is highly and exclusively expressed in enteroendocrine L cells, which produce the gut hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 and peptide YY (PYY). Ang II stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 and PYY release from primary cultures of mouse and human colon, which was antagonized by the specific Ang II type 1 receptor blocker candesartan. Ang II raised intracellular calcium levels in L cells in primary cultures, recorded by live-cell imaging of L cells specifically expressing the fluorescent calcium sensor GCaMP3. In Ussing chamber recordings, Ang II reduced short circuit currents in mouse distal colon preparations, which was antagonized by candesartan or a specific neuropeptide Y1 receptor inhibitor but insensitive to amiloride. We conclude that Ang II stimulates PYY secretion, in turn inhibiting epithelial anion fluxes, thereby reducing net fluid secretion into the colonic lumen. Our findings highlight an important role of colonic L cells in whole-body fluid homeostasis by controlling water loss through the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Pais
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Juraj Rievaj
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Gribble
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
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Expression, Distribution and Role of Aquaporin Water Channels in Human and Animal Stomach and Intestines. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091399. [PMID: 27589719 PMCID: PMC5037679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomach and intestines are involved in the secretion of gastrointestinal fluids and the absorption of nutrients and fluids, which ensure normal gut functions. Aquaporin water channels (AQPs) represent a major transcellular route for water transport in the gastrointestinal tract. Until now, at least 11 AQPs (AQP1–11) have been found to be present in the stomach, small and large intestines. These AQPs are distributed in different cell types in the stomach and intestines, including gastric epithelial cells, gastric glands cells, absorptive epithelial cells (enterocytes), goblet cells and Paneth cells. AQP1 is abundantly distributed in the endothelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract. AQP3 and AQP4 are mainly distributed in the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells in the stomach and intestines. AQP7, AQP8, AQP10 and AQP11 are distributed in the apical of enterocytes in the small and large intestines. Although AQP-null mice displayed almost no phenotypes in gastrointestinal tracts, the alterations of the expression and localization of these AQPs have been shown to be associated with the pathology of gastrointestinal disorders, which suggests that AQPs play important roles serving as potential therapeutic targets. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the expression, localization and distribution of AQPs in the stomach, small and large intestine of human and animals. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the potential roles of AQPs in the physiology and pathophysiology of stomach and intestines.
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Pelagalli A, Squillacioti C, Mirabella N, Meli R. Aquaporins in Health and Disease: An Overview Focusing on the Gut of Different Species. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081213. [PMID: 27472320 PMCID: PMC5000611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) play a pivotal role in gut homeostasis since their distribution and function is modulated both in physiological and in pathophysiological conditions. The transport of water and solutes through gut epithelia is essential for osmoregulation and digestive and absorptive functions. This passage is regulated by different AQP isoforms and characterized by their peculiar distribution in the gastrointestinal tract. To date, AQP localization has been identified in the gut and associated organs of several mammalian species by different techniques (immunohistochemical, western blotting, and RT-PCR). The present review describes the modulation of AQP expression, distribution, and function in gut pathophysiology. At the same time, the comparative description of AQP in animal species sheds light on the full range of AQP functions and the screening of their activity as transport modulators, diagnostic biomarkers, and drug targets. Moreover, the phenotype of knockout mice for several AQPs and their compensatory role and the use of specific AQP inhibitors have been also reviewed. The reported data could be useful to design future research in both basic and clinical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Research Council, Via De Amicis 95, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Caterina Squillacioti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Veterinaria 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Nicola Mirabella
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Veterinaria 1, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Rosaria Meli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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