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Compton RJ, Shudrenko D, Ng E, Mann K, Turdukulov E. Adversity and error-monitoring: Effects of emotional context. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14644. [PMID: 38963045 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
This study tested whether self-reports of childhood adversity would predict altered error processing under emotional versus non-emotional task conditions. N = 99 undergraduates completed two selective attention tasks, a traditional color-word Stroop task and a modified task using emotional words, while EEG was recorded. Participants also completed self-report measures of adverse and positive childhood experiences, executive functioning, depression, current stress, and emotion regulation. Reports of adversity were robustly correlated with self-reported challenges in executive functioning, even when controlling for self-reported depression and stress, but adversity was not correlated with task performance. With regard to neural markers of error processing, adversity predicted an enhanced error-related negativity and blunted error-positivity, but only during the emotion-word blocks of the task. Moreover, error-related changes in alpha oscillations were predicted by adversity, in a pattern that suggested less error responsiveness in alpha patterns during the emotion block, compared to the color block, among participants with higher adversity. Overall, results indicate alterations in error monitoring associated with adversity, such that in an emotional context, initial error detection is enhanced and sustained error processing is blunted, even in the absence of overt performance changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Compton
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danylo Shudrenko
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erin Ng
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katelyn Mann
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emil Turdukulov
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Núñez-Peña MI, Campos-Rodríguez C. Response monitoring in math-anxious individuals in an arithmetic task. Biol Psychol 2024; 186:108759. [PMID: 38360488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
We examine whether math anxiety is related to altered response monitoring in an arithmetic task. Response-locked event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were evaluated in 23 highly (HMA) and 23 low math-anxious (LMA) individuals while they performed an arithmetic verification task. We focused on two widely studied ERPs elicited during error processing: error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe). Correct-related negativity (CRN), an ERP elicited after a correct response, was also studied. The expected ERN following errors was found, but groups did not differ in its amplitude. Importantly, LMA individuals showed less negative CRN and more positive Pe amplitudes than their more anxious peers, suggesting more certainty regarding response accuracy and better adaptive behavioral adjustment after committing errors in an arithmetic task in the LMA group. The worse control over response performance and less awareness of correct responses in the HMA group might reduce their ability to 'learn from errors'.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Isabel Núñez-Peña
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology (Quantitative Psychology Section), Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Carlos Campos-Rodríguez
- Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology (Quantitative Psychology Section), Faculty of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Umemoto A, Zhou Z, Millon EM, Koshy CS, Taylor SM, Spann MN, Monk C, Marsh R, Rosellini AJ, Auerbach RP. Intergenerational transmission of cognitive control capacity among children at risk for depression. Biol Psychol 2023; 182:108652. [PMID: 37516422 PMCID: PMC10528753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
A maternal history of major depressive disorder (MDD) is a well-known risk factor for depression in offspring. However, the mechanism through which familial risk is transmitted remains unclear. Cognitive control alterations are common in MDD, and thus, the current study investigated whether altered control capacity is transmitted intergenerationally, and whether it then contributes to the developmental pathways through which depression is passed from mothers to children. We recruited children (N = 65) ages 4-10-years-old, of which 47.7 % (n = 31) reported a maternal history of MDD, and their biological mother (N = 65). Children performed a child-friendly Go/NoGo task while electroencephalography (EEG) data were recorded, and mothers performed a Flanker task. Children exhibited heightened sensitivity to error versus correct responses, which was characterized by an error-related negativity (ERN), error positivity (Pe) as well as prominent delta and frontal midline theta (FMT) oscillations. Interestingly, worse maternal performance on the Flanker task associated with an increased Go/NoGo error rate and a smaller ERN and Pe in children. However, there was no association between maternal or child control indices with child depression symptoms. Our results suggest a familial influence of cognitive control capacity in mother-child dyads, but it remains unclear whether this confers risk for depressive symptoms in children. Further research is necessary to determine whether alterations in cognitive control over time may influence symptom development in at-risk children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akina Umemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhixin Zhou
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emma M Millon
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina S Koshy
- Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sydney M Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marisa N Spann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Catherine Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Behavioral Medicine, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Marsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Randy P Auerbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Division of Clinical Developmental Neuroscience, Sackler Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Rueppel M, Mannella KA, Fitzgerald KD, Schroder HS. Post-error slowing in anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:610-624. [PMID: 34966981 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Altered brain response to errors in anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) suggests cognitive control abnormalities across both types of illness, but behavioral metrics of cognitive control function have yet to be compared in patients selected from these different diagnostic categories. Thus, we examined post-error slowing (PES), a behavioral adjustment that typically occurs after a mistake, in children and adolescents with and without a primary anxiety disorder (N = 103 anxiety and N = 28 healthy controls) and adolescents and adults with and without OCD (N = 118 OCD and N = 60 healthy controls) using a go/no-go task. Primary analyses tested for differences in PES between diagnostic groups (anxiety, OCD, healthy), controlling for age, overall reaction time, and overall accuracy. Results indicated that patients with anxiety disorders exhibited more post-error slowing than both patients with OCD and healthy volunteers. In contrast, participants with OCD did not differ from healthy volunteers in post-error slowing. In subgroup analyses restricted to adolescent participants (ages 13-17 years), more post-error slowing was observed in the anxiety disorders group compared with either the OCD or healthy groups. These data suggest that excessive post-error slowing, an index of behavioral adjustment following errors, may uniquely characterize patients with anxiety disorders relative to healthy individuals and those with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl Rueppel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kristin A Mannella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kate D Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hans S Schroder
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan Medical School, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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5
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Error Processing and Pain: A New Perspective. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2022; 23:1811-1822. [PMID: 35643271 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Errors put organisms in danger. Upon error commission, error processing allows for the updating of behavior that proved ineffective in light of the current context and goals, and for the activation of behavioral defensive systems. Pain, on the other hand, signals actual or potential danger to one's physical integrity and, likewise, motivates protective behavior. These parallels suggest the existence of cross-links between pain and error processing but so far their relationship remains elusive. In this review, we tie together findings from the field of pain research with those from electroencephalography studies on error processing [specifically the Error Related Negativity (ERN) and Positivity (Pe)]. More precisely, we discuss three plausible associations: Firstly, pain may enhance error processing as it increases error salience. Secondly, persons fearful of pain may be particularly vigilant towards painful errors and thus show a stronger neural response to them. Thirdly, the ERN as a component of the neural response to error commission is considered an endophenotype of threat sensitivity. As high sensitivity to pain threats is known to incite avoidance behavior, this raises the intriguing possibility that neural signatures of error processing predict pain-related protective behaviors, such as avoidance. We propose an integration of these findings into a common framework to inspire future research. Perspectives Inspired by research in anxiety disorders, we discuss the potential bi-directional relationships between error processing and pain, and identify future directions to examine the neural and psychological processes involved in acute and chronic pain and respective avoidance behavior.
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6
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Härpfer K, Carsten HP, Löwisch K, Westermann N, Riesel A. Disentangling the effects of trait and state worry on error-related brain activity: Results from a randomized controlled trial using worry manipulations. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14055. [PMID: 35353909 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced amplitudes of the error-related negativity (ERN) have been suggested to be a transdiagnostic neural risk marker for internalizing psychopathology. Previous studies propose worry to be an underlying mechanism driving the association between enhanced ERN and anxiety. The present preregistered study focused on disentangling possible effects of trait and state worry on the ERN by utilizing a cross sectional observational and a longitudinal randomized controlled experimental design. To this end, we examined the ERN of n = 90 students during a flanker task (T0), which were then randomly assigned to one of three groups (worry induction, worry reduction, passive control group). Following the intervention, participants performed another flanker task (T1) to determine potential alterations of their ERN. Manipulation checks revealed that compared to the control group, state worry increased in the induction but also in the reduction group. ERN amplitudes did not vary as a function of state worry. An association of trait worry with larger ERN amplitudes was only observed in females. Furthermore, we found larger ERN amplitudes in participants with a current or lifetime diagnosis of internalizing disorders. In summary, our findings suggest that the ERN seems to be insensitive to variations in state worry, but that an elevated ERN is associated with the trait-like tendency to worry and internalizing psychopathology, which is consistent with the notion that the ERN likely represents a trait-like neural risk associated with anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Härpfer
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Kim Löwisch
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nele Westermann
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anja Riesel
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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7
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Louis CC, Kneip C, Moran TP, Beltz AM, Klump KL, Moser JS. Hormonal contraceptive use moderates the association between worry and error-related brain activity. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 171:48-54. [PMID: 34856221 PMCID: PMC9128846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Uncovering mechanisms that can help explain the experience and impact of anxiety in women is important for improving etiological models and treatments to meet the needs of unique individuals. An enlarged error-related negativity (ERN) - an electrophysiological marker of cognitive control-related error monitoring- represents one indicator of neural processes more strongly related to anxiety in women than men. In this study, we further examined this association in women by testing the moderating effect of hormonal contraceptive (HC) use on the relationship between worry - i.e., a transdiagnostic cognitive dimension of anxiety - and the ERN. Results revealed that HCs moderated the worry-ERN association. Specifically, we found a significant and large relationship between worry and enlarged ERN in women using HCs, which was smaller and nonsignificant in naturally cycling women (i.e., those not using HCs). These findings suggest that the interplay among HC use, error-related cognitive control, and worry represents a novel mechanism for better characterizing the expression and impact of worry in women.
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8
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Hsieh MT, Lu H, Lin CI, Sun TH, Chen YR, Cheng CH. Effects of Trait Anxiety on Error Processing and Post-error Adjustments: An Event-Related Potential Study With Stop-Signal Task. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:650838. [PMID: 34239426 PMCID: PMC8258103 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.650838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to use event-related potentials with the stop-signal task to investigate the effects of trait anxiety on inhibitory control, error monitoring, and post-error adjustments. The stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) was used to evaluate the behavioral competence of inhibitory control. Electrophysiological signals of error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) were used to study error perception and error awareness, respectively. Post-error slowing (PES) was applied to examine the behavioral adjustments after making errors. The results showed that SSRT and PES did not differ significantly between individuals with high trait anxiety (HTA) and those with low trait anxiety (LTA). However, individuals with HTA demonstrated reduced ERN amplitudes and prolonged Pe latencies than those with LTA. Prolonged Pe latencies were also significantly associated with poorer post-error adjustments. In conclusion, HTA led to reduced cortical responses to error monitoring. Furthermore, inefficient conscious awareness of errors might lead to maladaptive post-error adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Tien Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsinjie Lu
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Lin
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Han Sun
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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9
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Tobias MR, Ito TA. Anxiety increases sensitivity to errors and negative feedback over time. Biol Psychol 2021; 162:108092. [PMID: 33865907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety is characterized by sensitivity to negative external and internal information, apparent both in symptoms (e.g., hypervigilance and worry) and neural performance monitoring measures (i.e., feedback- and error-related negativity (FRN and ERN)). Here we examine whether anxiety is associated with persistent neural sensitivity to negative performance markers reflected in both the FRN and ERN (n = 273). Higher anxiety was associated with larger responses to both negative feedback and errors as the task progressed compared to those with lower anxiety particularly in women, suggesting that anxiety makes reactions to negative cues more persistent. Similar hypotheses were investigated for depression, which is associated with similar negative cognitive biases and deficits in reward-related processing, but results were mixed. Together, the findings identify variation over time-in-task as an overlooked dimension by which FRN and ERN may serve as a biomarker of anxiety but suggest that depression is not consistently related to performance monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret R Tobias
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States.
| | - Tiffany A Ito
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, United States
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10
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Seow TXF, Benoit E, Dempsey C, Jennings M, Maxwell A, McDonough M, Gillan CM. A dimensional investigation of error-related negativity (ERN) and self-reported psychiatric symptoms. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 158:340-348. [PMID: 33080287 PMCID: PMC7612131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in error processing are implicated in a range of DSM-defined psychiatric disorders. For instance, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and generalised anxiety disorder show enhanced electrophysiological responses to errors-i.e. error-related negativity (ERN)-while others like schizophrenia have an attenuated ERN. However, as diagnostic categories in psychiatry are heterogeneous and also highly intercorrelated, the precise mapping of ERN enhancements/impairments is unclear. To address this, we recorded electroencephalograms (EEG) from 196 participants who performed the Flanker task and collected scores on 9 questionnaires assessing psychiatric symptoms to test if a dimensional framework could reveal specific transdiagnostic clinical manifestations of error processing dysfunctions. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found non-significant associations between ERN amplitude and symptom severity of OCD, trait anxiety, depression, social anxiety, impulsivity, eating disorders, alcohol addiction, schizotypy and apathy. A transdiagnostic approach did nothing to improve signal; there were non-significant associations between all three transdiagnostic dimensions (anxious-depression, compulsive behaviour and intrusive thought, and social withdrawal) and ERN magnitude. In these same individuals, we replicated a previously published transdiagnostic association between goal-directed learning and compulsive behaviour and intrusive thought. Possible explanations discussed are (i) that associations between the ERN and psychopathology might be smaller than previously assumed, (ii) that these associations might depend on a greater level of symptom severity than other transdiagnostic cognitive biomarkers, or (iii) that task parameters, such as the ratio of compatible to incompatible trials, might be crucial for ensuring the sensitivity of the ERN to clinical phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- T X F Seow
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - E Benoit
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Dempsey
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M Jennings
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A Maxwell
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M McDonough
- St. Patrick's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C M Gillan
- School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Saunders B, Inzlicht M. Assessing and adjusting for publication bias in the relationship between anxiety and the error-related negativity. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 155:87-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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12
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Härpfer K, Carsten HP, Spychalski D, Kathmann N, Riesel A. Were we erring? The impact of worry and arousal on error-related negativity in a non-clinical sample. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13661. [PMID: 32804403 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of one's own actions allows humans to adjust to a changing and complex world. Previous neuroscientific research found overactive action monitoring and increased sensitivity to errors to be associated with anxiety and it is assumed to contribute to the development and maintenance of anxiety symptoms. A largely shared decomposition of anxiety differentiates two dimensions: anxious apprehension (i.e., worry) and anxious arousal (i.e., physiological hyperarousal). Alterations in neural correlates of error monitoring have been more closely linked to anxious apprehension compared to anxious arousal. This study examined the relationship between anxiety dimensions and electrophysiological correlates of action monitoring (i.e., error-related negativity, ERN, and correct-response negativity, CRN). A total of 135 non-clinical participants performed a flanker task while their electroencephalogram was recorded. We recruited participants with converging and diverging anxiety dimension profiles (i.e., above or below median in anxious apprehension and anxious arousal or above median in one and below in the other dimension). This grouping strategy facilitates disentangling possible interactions and allows the investigation of the isolated effect of each anxiety dimension. Regression analyses did not reveal a significant main or interaction effect of anxiety dimensions on ERN or CRN, irrespective of gender. In addition, Bayesian statistical analyzes yielded evidence for the absence of an association between both anxiety dimensions and ERN and CRN. Altogether, our results suggest that the association of anxiety dimensions, particularly anxious apprehension, and action monitoring might be smaller in non-clinical samples as previous studies indicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Härpfer
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Spychalski
- Department of Psychology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Riesel
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Bernat EM, Ellis JS, Bachman MD, Hicks BM. P3 amplitude reductions are associated with shared variance between internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13618. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward M. Bernat
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | - Jessica S. Ellis
- Department of Psychology University of Maryland College Park MD USA
| | | | - Brian M. Hicks
- Department of Psychiatry University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA
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14
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Muir AM, Hedges‐Muncy A, Clawson A, Carbine KA, Larson MJ. Dimensions of anxiety and depression and neurophysiological indicators of error‐monitoring: Relationship with delta and theta oscillatory power and error‐related negativity amplitude. Psychophysiology 2020; 57:e13595. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Clawson
- Department of Neuropsychology Children’s National Hospital Washington DC USA
| | | | - Michael J. Larson
- Department of Psychology Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
- Neuroscience Center Brigham Young University Provo UT USA
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15
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Ruchensky JR, Bauer EA, MacNamara A. Intolerance of uncertainty, depression and the error-related negativity. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 153:45-52. [PMID: 32330538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Prior work has yielded contradictory findings regarding the association between depression and the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential thought to reflect individual variation in sensitivity to internal threat (i.e., errors), and the error positivity (Pe), which is thought to reflect more elaborative, conscious processing of errors. One possibility is that variation in transdiagnostic dimensional constructs related to threat processing might help explain inconsistencies in the relationship between depression and the ERN and Pe. Here, we used a large, unselected sample (N = 100) to determine whether variation in intolerance of uncertainty (IU), a transdiagnostic trait dimension that is implicated in both depression and anxiety, might moderate associations between depressive symptomatology and error processing. Results showed that greater levels of depressive symptomatology were associated with larger ΔERNs (error minus correct trials) when IU was low, but were unrelated to ΔERN when IU was high; main effects of depression and IU on ΔERN were not observed. The Pe was not associated with IU or depression. Additionally, IU, but not depression, was associated with faster response times on error and correct trials. Overall, results suggest that error processing may differ for individuals with elevated depression with versus without elevated IU. Moreover, prior failures to observe associations between depression and the ERN might stem from failure to account for related transdiagnostic constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared R Ruchensky
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America.
| | - Elizabeth A Bauer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Annmarie MacNamara
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
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16
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Chandler MC, McGowan AL, Ferguson DP, Pontifex MB. Carbohydrate mouth rinse has no effects on behavioral or neuroelectric indices of cognition. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 151:49-58. [PMID: 32087182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate solution has been suggested as a means to enhance aspects of both physical and cognitive performance. However, evidence in support of these assertions is relatively weak. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a carbohydrate mouth rinse solution on motor speed, inhibition, and sustained attention as indexed by both behavioral and neuroelectric measures. Using a double-blind, placebo-controlled, within-subjects crossover design, 50 college-aged young adults performed a battery of cognitive tasks both before and after rinsing their mouth for 10 s with 20 mL of either a carbohydrate mouth rinse solution or a sensory-matched placebo control solution. A simple tapping task was used as a measure of motor speed, a modified Eriksen flanker task was used to index inhibition, and a rapid visual information processing task was used as a measure of sustained attention. Participants demonstrated longer reaction times in the Flanker task after rinsing their mouths with the carbohydrate mouth rinse, relative to pretest. No differences in reaction time were observed for the placebo control condition. P3 latency in the Flanker task as an index of attentional processing speed was shorter at posttest than at pretest in the placebo control - but not the carbohydrate mouth rinse - condition. These results suggest that despite claims of cognitive enhancement, carbohydrate mouth rinses do not appear to alter motor speed, inhibition, or sustained attention as compared to a placebo control in non-physically-fatigued college-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison C Chandler
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 W. Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America.
| | - Amanda L McGowan
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 W. Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America.
| | - David P Ferguson
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 W. Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America.
| | - Matthew B Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, 308 W. Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America.
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17
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Brooker RJ, Bates JE, Buss KA, Canen MJ, Dennis-Tiwary TA, Gatzke-Kopp LM, Hoyniak C, Klein DN, Kujawa A, Lahat A, Lamm C, Moser JS, Petersen IT, Tang A, Woltering S, Schmidt LA. Conducting Event-Related Potential (ERP) Research with Young Children: A Review of Components, Special Considerations and Recommendations for Research on Cognition and Emotion. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2019; 34:137-158. [PMID: 34024985 DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There has been an unprecedented increase in the number of research studies employing event-related potential (ERP) techniques to examine dynamic and rapidly-occurring neural processes with children during the preschool and early childhood years. Despite this, there has been little discussion of the methodological and procedural differences that exist for studies of young children versus older children and adults. That is, reviewers, editors, and consumers of this work often expect developmental studies to simply apply adult techniques and procedures to younger samples. Procedurally, this creates unrealistic expectations for research paradigms, data collection, and data reduction and analyses. Scientifically, this leads to inappropriate measures and methods that hinder drawing conclusions and advancing theory. Based on ERP work with preschoolers and young children from 10 laboratories across North America, we present a summary of the most common ERP components under study in the area of emotion and cognition in young children along with 13 realistic expectations for data collection and loss, laboratory procedures and paradigms, data processing, ERP averaging, and typical challenges for conducting this type of work. This work is intended to supplement previous guidelines for work with adults and offer insights to aid researchers, reviewers, and editors in the design and evaluation of developmental research using ERPs. Here we make recommendations for researchers who plan to conduct or who are conducting ERP studies in children between ages 2 and 12, focusing on studies of toddlers and preschoolers. Recommendations are based on both data and our cumulative experience and include guidelines for laboratory setup, equipment and recording settings, task design, and data processing.
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18
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Yang Y, Miskovich TA, Larson CL. State Anxiety Impairs Proactive but Enhances Reactive Control. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2570. [PMID: 30618987 PMCID: PMC6300490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive control is a construct that prioritizes how we process stimuli and information to flexibly and efficiently adapt to internal goals and external environmental changes. The Dual Mechanism of Control (DMC) theory delineates two distinct cognitive control operations: proactive control and reactive control (Braver, 2012). Anxiety has been posited to differentially affect proactive and reactive control, due to its influence on working memory and attention allocation (Eysenck et al., 2007; Fales et al., 2008). However, no study has yet directly compared the influence of anxiety on proactive and reactive control in the same individuals. In this study, we examined how state anxiety affected proactive control, using the AX-continuous performance task (AX-CPT), and reactive control, using the classic Stroop task. Based on theory and previous investigations, we expected that state anxiety would enhance reactive control but impair proactive control. Consistent with our predictions, we found that state anxiety, induced with a threat of shock manipulation, inhibited proactive control on the AX-CPT test, but increased reactive control in the Stroop task. Anxiety may impair proactive control in contexts requiring goal maintenance by occupying limited working memory capacity, whereas it may enhance reactive control via facilitated attention allocation to threat and engaging the conflict monitoring system to quickly modify behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States.,School of Physical Education and Healthcare, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tara A Miskovich
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Christine L Larson
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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19
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Anxiety and feedback processing in a gambling task: Contributions of time-frequency theta and delta. Biol Psychol 2018; 136:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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20
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Lo SL. A meta-analytic review of the event-related potentials (ERN and N2) in childhood and adolescence: Providing a developmental perspective on the conflict monitoring theory. DEVELOPMENTAL REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dr.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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21
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Meyer A, Hajcak G, Torpey-Newman D, Kujawa A, Olino TM, Dyson M, Klein DN. Early temperamental fearfulness and the developmental trajectory of error-related brain activity. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:224-231. [PMID: 29344944 PMCID: PMC5815917 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is a negative deflection in the event-related potential waveform that occurs when an individual makes a mistake, and an increased ERN has been proposed as a biomarker for anxiety. However, previous work suggests that fearful children are characterized by a smaller ERN. We have proposed that this may reflect the changing phenomenology of anxiety across development. In the current study, we investigate this possibility using a longitudinal within-subject design. In 271 children, we completed observational measures of fear when the children were 3 years old, and then measured the ERN when the children were 6 and 9 years old. Fearful children were characterized by a decreased ERN when they were 6-year-old; by age 9, the same children who were fearful at age 3 had increased ERNs-a pattern that closely resembles that of anxious adolescents and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Corresponding Author: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 W Call St., Tallahassee, FL 32304, Phone: 850-692-8110,
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22
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Rosen TE, Lerner MD. Error-related brain activity and anxiety symptoms in youth with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2017; 11:342-354. [PMID: 29210194 DOI: 10.1002/aur.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience symptoms associated with generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and social anxiety disorder. In other populations, these same symptoms are associated with a larger error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential that reflects endogenous threat sensitivity. As such, it is possible that the ERN may relate to the clinical presentation of anxiety in ASD. However, studies examining these associations in youth with ASD have yielded mixed results. The present study aimed to clarify this relationship by examining the ERN in relation to these specific anxiety symptoms in ASD, and by accounting for typical covariates (e.g., age, verbal abilities, depression, ASD symptoms) of the ERN. Fifty-one youth, ages 8-17, with ASD and intact cognitive ability completed a modified Flanker task, from which the ERN component was obtained. Measures of anxiety, verbal abilities, depression, and ASD symptoms were collected from participants and parents. Results revealed that greater self-reported social anxiety symptoms, specifically performance fears but not humiliation/rejection fears, were associated with an increased neural response to errors, as measured by the ERN. This relationship remained after controlling for other anxiety symptoms, as well as age, verbal IQ, depression symptoms, and ASD symptoms. Findings suggest that heightened threat sensitivity may be characteristic of individuals with ASD who exhibit social fearfulness. Autism Res 2018, 11: 342-354. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. LAY SUMMARY The error-related negativity (ERN) is a physiological measure of the brain's response to errors which is thought to reflect threat sensitivity and has been implicated in anxiety disorders in individuals without autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study revealed that the ERN is related to social anxiety symptoms, specifically performance fears, in a sample of youth with ASD. Findings suggest that heightened threat sensitivity may be characteristic of individuals with ASD who exhibit social fearfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara E Rosen
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | - Matthew D Lerner
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
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23
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Gorka SM, Burkhouse KL, Afshar K, Phan KL. Error-related brain activity and internalizing disorder symptom dimensions in depression and anxiety. Depress Anxiety 2017; 34:985-995. [PMID: 28940987 DOI: 10.1002/da.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research suggests that enhanced neural reactivity to errors, measured via the error-related negativity (ERN), is relatively unique to internalizing psychopathologies (IPs) and symptom clusters characterized by excessive worry and apprehension. However, no prior study has tested the association between the ERN and IP symptom dimensions in a heterogeneous, clinically representative patient population. The current study was designed to address this gap in the literature and clarify the role of the ERN in an adult IP treatment-seeking patient sample. METHOD Eighty-five participants completed a well-validated flanker task known to robustly elicit the ERN and a battery of questionnaires assessing a range of IP symptoms. All participants had at least one IP diagnosis and over 75% had co-occurring IPs. A principal components analysis (PCA) was performed on the questionnaire data indicating two distinct factors that characterized the IP sample: affective distress/misery and fear-based anxiety. RESULTS Analyses indicated that within this sample, an enhanced ERN, but not CRN, was associated with greater fear-based anxiety symptoms but had no relation with distress/misery symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings indicate that an enhanced ERN may not be specific to worry/apprehension and may extend to the IP fear dimension. The results also converge with a broader literature suggesting that fear-based psychopathology is characterized by an exaggerated reactivity to threat and this objective, psychophysiological response tendency may distinguish fear disorders from distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Gorka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katie L Burkhouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kaveh Afshar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Mental Health Service Line, Chicago, IL, USA
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24
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Ross V, Cox DJ, Reeve R, Brown T, Moncrief M, Schmitt R, Gaffney G. Measuring the attitudes of novice drivers with autism spectrum disorder as an indication of apprehensive driving: Going beyond basic abilities. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2017; 22:62-69. [PMID: 29027808 DOI: 10.1177/1362361317735959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
For some individuals with autism spectrum disorder, driving apprehension may interfere with the acquisition and application of driving privileges. The Driving Attitude Scale Parent-Report provides an indication of novice drivers' positive and negative attitudes toward driving. Responses were compared for parents of 66 autism spectrum disorder and 166 neuro-typical novice drivers. After the autism spectrum disorder drivers completed 3 months of driver training, 60 parents repeated the Driving Attitude Scale Parent-Report. Parents reported autism spectrum disorder drivers to have less positive and more negative attitudes toward driving than parents of neuro-typical drivers. Parents of autism spectrum disorder drivers who received driving training in a safe/low-threat virtual reality driving simulator demonstrated a significant increase in positive attitudes and reduction in negative attitudes, compared to parents of autism spectrum disorder drivers undergoing routine driver training. The reports of parents of autism spectrum disorder drivers suggest potential problems with learning to drive that can go beyond general abilities and include driving apprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel J Cox
- 2 University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, USA
| | - Ron Reeve
- 2 University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, USA
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25
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Electrocortical measures of information processing biases in social anxiety disorder: A review. Biol Psychol 2017; 129:324-348. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Compton RJ, Heaton E, Ozer E. Intertrial interval duration affects error monitoring. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1151-1162. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Heaton
- Department of Psychology; Haverford College; Haverford Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Ozer
- Department of Psychology; Haverford College; Haverford Pennsylvania
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27
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Tanovic E, Hajcak G, Sanislow CA. Rumination is associated with diminished performance monitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 17:953-964. [PMID: 28252977 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rumination is a construct that cuts across a variety of disorders, including anxiety and depression. It has been associated with deficits in cognitive control thought to confer risk for psychopathology. One aspect of cognitive control that is especially relevant to the content of ruminative thoughts is error processing. We examined the relation of rumination and 2 electrophysiological indices of error processing, error-related negativity (ERN), an early index of error detection, and error positivity (Pe), a later index of error awareness. Consistent with prior work, ERN was negatively correlated with anxiety (i.e., more anxious individuals were characterized by larger ERNs). After controlling for anxiety, rumination-but not worry-predicted ERN attenuation. No significant relation between rumination and Pe emerged. Findings suggest that rumination may diminish resources early in the processes of performance monitoring and the recruitment of cognitive control. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
| | - Charles A Sanislow
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Wesleyan University
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28
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Szekely A, Silton RL, Heller W, Miller GA, Mohanty A. Differential functional connectivity of rostral anterior cingulate cortex during emotional interference. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2017; 12:476-486. [PMID: 27998997 PMCID: PMC5499751 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsw137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rostral-ventral subdivision of the anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) plays a key role in the regulation of emotional processing. Although rACC has strong anatomical connections with anterior insular cortex (AIC), amygdala, prefrontal cortex and striatal brain regions, it is unclear whether the functional connectivity of rACC with these regions changes when regulating emotional processing. Furthermore, it is not known whether this connectivity changes with deficits in emotion regulation seen in different kinds of anxiety and depression. To address these questions regarding rACC functional connectivity, non-patients high in self-reported anxious apprehension (AP), anxious arousal (AR), anhedonic depression (AD) or none (CON) indicated the ink color of pleasant, neutral and unpleasant words during functional magnetic resonance imaging. While ignoring task-irrelevant unpleasant words, AD and CON showed an increase in the functional connectivity of rACC with AIC, putamen, caudate and ventral pallidum. There was a decrease in this connectivity in AP and AR, with AP showing greater reduction than AR. These findings provide support for the role of rACC in integrating interoceptive, emotional and cognitive functions via interactions with insula and striatal regions during effective emotion regulation in healthy individuals and a failure of this integration that may be specific to anxiety, particularly AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akos Szekely
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Wendy Heller
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Gregory A. Miller
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aprajita Mohanty
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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29
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Schroder HS, Glazer JE, Bennett KP, Moran TP, Moser JS. Suppression of error-preceding brain activity explains exaggerated error monitoring in females with worry. Biol Psychol 2017; 122:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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Developing Psychiatric Biomarkers: a Review Focusing on the Error-Related Negativity as a Biomarker for Anxiety. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40501-016-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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31
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Benau EM, Moelter ST. The content of lexical stimuli and self-reported physiological state modulate error-related negativity amplitude. Physiol Behav 2016; 163:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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32
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Hill KE, Samuel DB, Foti D. Contextualizing individual differences in error monitoring: Links with impulsivity, negative affect, and conscientiousness. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1143-53. [PMID: 27192958 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is a neural measure of error processing that has been implicated as a neurobehavioral trait and has transdiagnostic links with psychopathology. Few studies, however, have contextualized this traitlike component with regard to dimensions of personality that, as intermediate constructs, may aid in contextualizing links with psychopathology. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to examine the interrelationships between error monitoring and dimensions of personality within a large adult sample (N = 208). Building on previous research, we found that the ERN relates to a combination of negative affect, impulsivity, and conscientiousness. At low levels of conscientiousness, negative urgency (i.e., impulsivity in the context of negative affect) predicted an increased ERN; at high levels of conscientiousness, the effect of negative urgency was not significant. This relationship was driven specifically by the conscientiousness facets of competence, order, and deliberation. Links between personality measures and error positivity amplitude were weaker and nonsignificant. Post-error slowing was also related to conscientiousness, as well as a different facet of impulsivity: lack of perseverance. These findings suggest that, in the general population, error processing is modulated by the joint combination of negative affect, impulsivity, and conscientiousness (i.e., the profile across traits), perhaps more so than any one dimension alone. This work may inform future research concerning aberrant error processing in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylin E Hill
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Douglas B Samuel
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Dan Foti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
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33
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Electrocortical Evidence of Enhanced Performance Monitoring in Social Anxiety. Behav Ther 2016; 47:274-85. [PMID: 26956658 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Self-focused attention is thought to be a key feature of social anxiety disorder. Yet few studies have used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine whether socially anxious individuals display greater monitoring of their performance and attention to their errors. Similarly, only a few studies have used ERPs to examine how social anxiety is related to processing of performance feedback. Individuals with high (n=26) and low (n=28) levels of social anxiety completed a trial-and-error learning task. Self-focus was manipulated using false heart-rate feedback during a random subset of trials. Performance feedback was given using emotional and neutral faces in a positive context (correct=happy face; incorrect=neutral face) and negative context (correct=neutral face; incorrect=disgust face) in order to investigate biased interpretation and attention to feedback. Socially anxious subjects displayed enhanced amplitude of the ERN and CRN, suggesting greater response monitoring, and enhanced Pe amplitude, suggesting greater processing of errors relative to the low social anxiety group. No group differences were observed with respect to feedback processing. Before learning stimulus-response mappings in the negative context, the FRN was larger for self-focus compared to standard trials and marginally larger for socially anxious subjects compared to controls. These findings support cognitive models and suggest avenues for future research.
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34
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Weinberg A, Meyer A, Hale-Rude E, Perlman G, Kotov R, Klein DN, Hajcak G. Error-related negativity (ERN) and sustained threat: Conceptual framework and empirical evaluation in an adolescent sample. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:372-85. [PMID: 26877129 PMCID: PMC4756390 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) currently appears as a physiological measure in relation to three Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs: Cognitive Control, Sustained Threat, and Reward Learning. We propose a conceptual model in which variance in the ERN reflects individual differences in the degree to which errors are evaluated as threatening. We also discuss evidence for the placement of the ERN in the "Sustained Threat" construct, as well as evidence that the ERN may more specifically reflect sensitivity to endogenous threat. Following this, we present data from a sample of 515 adolescent females demonstrating a larger ERN in relation to self-reported checking behaviors, but only in older adolescents, suggesting that sensitivity to internal threat and the ERN-checking relationship may follow a developmental course as adolescents develop behavioral control. In contrast, depressive symptoms were linked to a smaller ERN, and this association was invariant with respect to age. Collectively, these data suggest that the magnitude of the ERN is sensitive both to specific anxiety-related processes and depression, in opposing directions that may reflect variation in internal threat sensitivity. We discuss directions for future research, as well as ways in which findings for the ERN complement and challenge aspects of the current RDoC matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Stony Brook University
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University
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35
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Osinsky R, Karl C, Hewig J. Dispositional Anxiety and Frontal-Midline Theta: On the Modulatory Influence of Sex and Situational Threat. J Pers 2016; 85:300-312. [PMID: 26773206 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In their adaptive control hypothesis, Cavanagh and Shackman (2015) recently claimed that dispositional anxiety is correlated with frontal-midline theta (FMθ) as a generic "need for control" signal of the anterior midcingulate cortex. Here, we tested this assumption, also considering potential modulatory influences of anticipatory threat and individuals' sex. In a nonclinical sample of 168 participants (84 women), electroencephalogram was recorded while individuals performed a simple two-choice task. Half of the participants were assigned to a threat anticipation condition (anticipation of public speaking), whereas the other half was assigned to a control condition. State anxiety was monitored across the experiment. Dispositional anxiety was assessed by self-report scales, which were completed before individuals came to the laboratory. Target stimuli in the two-choice task induced a transient increase in FMθ power that was subject to an interaction of dispositional anxiety, sex, and experimental group. Only in women who anticipated public speaking did we observe a substantial positive relation between dispositional anxiety and general FMθ power. Our results indicate that the link between dispositional anxiety and FMθ is not universal but rather depends on complex interactions of individuals' sex and situational threat.
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36
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Barker TV, Troller-Renfree S, Pine DS, Fox NA. Individual differences in social anxiety affect the salience of errors in social contexts. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2015; 15:723-35. [PMID: 25967929 PMCID: PMC4641754 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The error-related negativity (ERN) is an event-related potential that occurs approximately 50 ms after an erroneous response. The magnitude of the ERN is influenced by contextual factors, such as when errors are made during social evaluation. The ERN is also influenced by individual differences in anxiety, and it is elevated among anxious individuals. However, little research has examined how individual differences in anxiety interact with contextual factors to impact the ERN. Social anxiety involves fear and apprehension of social evaluation. In the present study, we explored how individual differences in social anxiety interact with social contexts to modulate the ERN. The ERN was measured in 43 young adults characterized as being either high or low in social anxiety, while they completed a flanker task in two contexts: alone and during social evaluation. The results revealed a significant interaction between social anxiety and context, such that the ERN was enhanced in a social relative to a nonsocial context only among highly socially anxious individuals. Furthermore, the degree of such enhancement significantly correlated with individual differences in social anxiety. These findings demonstrate that social anxiety is characterized by enhanced neural activity to errors in social-evaluative contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson V Barker
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Sonya Troller-Renfree
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathan A Fox
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Weinberg A, Liu H, Shankman SA. Blunted neural response to errors as a trait marker of melancholic depression. Biol Psychol 2015; 113:100-7. [PMID: 26638761 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Identification of biomarkers of vulnerability for Major Depressive Disorder is a high priority, but heterogeneity of the diagnosis can hinder research. Biomarkers of vulnerability should also be present in the absence of the diagnosis. The present study examined the magnitude of the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential component following errors in a sample with remitted melancholic depression (N=17), remitted non-melancholic depression (N=33), and healthy controls (N=55). Remitted melancholic depression was uniquely characterized by a blunted ERN relative to the other two groups. Individuals with remitted non-melancholic depression did not differ from controls in the magnitude of the ERN. This was the case despite the fact that the melancholic and non-melancholic groups did not differ in course or severity of their past illnesses, or in their current functioning. Results suggest that the blunted ERN may be a viable vulnerability marker for melancholia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huiting Liu
- University of Illinois at Chicago, United States
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38
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Lo SL, Schroder HS, Moran TP, Durbin CE, Moser JS. Neurophysiological evidence of an association between cognitive control and defensive reactivity processes in young children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2015; 15:35-47. [PMID: 26386550 PMCID: PMC4704697 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ERN, Pe, startle reflex, and parietal asymmetry were measured in young children. Reduced ERN was related to a larger startle and greater right parietal activity. Age predicted smaller startle, larger ERN, and better behavioral performance. Age did not moderate the association between ERN and startle. Age did not moderate the association between ERN and parietal asymmetry.
Interactions between cognitive control and affective processes, such as defensive reactivity, are intimately involved in healthy and unhealthy human development. However, cognitive control and defensive reactivity processes are often studied in isolation and rarely examined in early childhood. To address these gaps, we examined the relationships between multiple neurophysiological measures of cognitive control and defensive reactivity in young children. Specifically, we assessed two event-related potentials thought to index cognitive control processes – the error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) – measured across two tasks, and two markers of defensive reactivity processes – startle reflex and resting parietal asymmetry – in a sample of 3- to 7-year old children. Results revealed that measures of cognitive control and defensive reactivity were related such that evidence of poor cognitive control (smaller ERN) was associated with high defensive reactivity (larger startle and greater right relative to left parietal activity). The strength of associations between the ERN and measures of defensive reactivity did not vary by age, providing evidence that poor cognitive control relates to greater defensive reactivity across early childhood years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon L Lo
- Michigan State University, Department of Psychology, United States.
| | - Hans S Schroder
- Michigan State University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Tim P Moran
- Michigan State University, Department of Psychology, United States; Georgia Tech University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - C Emily Durbin
- Michigan State University, Department of Psychology, United States
| | - Jason S Moser
- Michigan State University, Department of Psychology, United States
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39
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Abstract
Anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders are among the earliest occurring psychopathology and may derive from atypical maturation of neural networks for error processing. Psychological models have alternately suggested that over-detection of errors, excessive caring about errors, or failure of errors to elicit regulatory control could associate with the expression of anxiety. In this review article, the potential relevance of error processing for anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders is described in the context of neurophysiological and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research demonstrating altered brain response to errors in pediatric and adult patients. Finally, hypotheses about developmentally sensitive mechanisms of anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders are drawn from the extant literature, and avenues for clinical translation are discussed.
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40
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Lin Y, Moran TP, Schroder HS, Moser JS. The role of hand of error and stimulus orientation in the relationship between worry and error-related brain activity: Implications for theory and practice. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:1281-92. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Lin
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Tim P. Moran
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Hans S. Schroder
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Jason S. Moser
- Department of Psychology; Michigan State University; East Lansing Michigan USA
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41
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Moran TP, Bernat EM, Aviyente S, Schroder HS, Moser JS. Sending mixed signals: worry is associated with enhanced initial error processing but reduced call for subsequent cognitive control. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 10:1548-56. [PMID: 25925270 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worry is reliably associated with overactive action-monitoring processes as measured by the error-related negativity (ERN). However, worry is not associated with error-related behavioral adjustments which are typically used to infer increased cognitive control following errors. We hypothesized that this disconnect between overactive action monitoring and unimproved post-error adjustments in worriers is the result of reduced functional integration between medial and lateral prefrontal regions during generation of the ERN, understood to have an important role in mediating controlled processing. To test this, we examined ERN amplitude and interchannel phase synchrony extracted from scalp-recorded electroencephalographic data during error processing in 77 undergraduates who performed a Flankers task. Correlational and path analytic results demonstrated that worry was related to both an enlarged ERN and reduced phase synchrony. Although not directly related to post-error behavioral adjustments, results also revealed that worry was indirectly related to poor post-error adjustments through its association with reduced phase synchrony. Therefore, worry seems to affect multiple components of the action-monitoring system. It is related not just with the initial response to the error, but also with the transmission of information between networks involved in cognitive control processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P Moran
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ed M Bernat
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MA, USA, and
| | - Selin Aviyente
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hans S Schroder
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jason S Moser
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA,
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42
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Weinberg A, Dieterich R, Riesel A. Error-related brain activity in the age of RDoC: A review of the literature. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 98:276-299. [PMID: 25746725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The ability to detect and respond to errors is critical to successful adaptation to a changing environment. The error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential (ERP) component, is a well-validated neural response to errors and reflects the error monitoring activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Additionally, the ERN is implicated in several processes key to adaptive functioning. Abnormalities in error-related brain activity have been linked to multiple forms of psychopathology and individual differences. As such, the component is likely to be useful in NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative to establish biologically-meaningful dimensions of psychological dysfunction, and currently appears as a unit of measurement in three RDoC domains: Positive Valence Systems, Negative Valence Systems, and Cognitive Systems. In this review paper, we introduce the ERN and discuss evidence related to its psychometric properties, as well as important task differences. Following this, we discuss evidence linking the ERN to clinically diverse forms of psychopathology, as well as the implications of one unit of measurement appearing in multiple RDoC dimensions. And finally, we discuss important future directions, as well as research pathways by which the ERN might be leveraged to track the ways in which dysfunctions in multiple neural systems interact to influence psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, United States.
| | - Raoul Dieterich
- Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Riesel
- Clinical Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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43
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Einstein DA. Extension of the Transdiagnostic Model to Focus on Intolerance of Uncertainty: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Treatment. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2014; 21:280-300. [PMID: 25400336 PMCID: PMC4204511 DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study reviews research on the construct of intolerance of uncertainty (IU). A recent factor analysis (Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 2012, p. 533) has been used to extend the transdiagnostic model articulated by Mansell (2005, p. 141) to focus on the role of IU as a facet of the model that is important to address in treatment. Research suggests that individual differences in IU may compromise resilience and that individuals high in IU are susceptible to increased negative affect. The model extension provides a guide for the treatment of clients presenting with uncertainty in the context of either a single disorder or several comorbid disorders. By applying the extension, the clinician is assisted to explore two facets of IU, "Need for Predictability" and "Uncertainty Arousal."
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Einstein
- Address correspondence to Danielle A. Einstein, Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. E-mail:
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44
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Larson MJ, Clayson PE, Clawson A. Making sense of all the conflict: A theoretical review and critique of conflict-related ERPs. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:283-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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45
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Differential contributions of worry, anxiety, and obsessive compulsive symptoms to ERN amplitudes in response monitoring and reinforcement learning tasks. Neuropsychologia 2014; 61:197-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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46
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Meyer A, Hajcak G, Torpey DC, Kujawa A, Kim J, Bufferd S, Carlson G, Klein DN. Increased error-related brain activity in six-year-old children with clinical anxiety. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2014; 41:1257-66. [PMID: 23700171 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-013-9762-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most frequently diagnosed form of psychopathology in children and often result in chronic impairment that persists into adulthood. Identifying neurobehavioral correlates of anxiety that appear relatively early in life would inform etiological models of development and allow intervention and prevention strategies to be implemented more effectively. The error-related negativity (ERN), a negative deflection in the event-related potential at fronto-central sites approximately 50 ms following the commission of errors, has been consistently found to be larger among anxious adults. The current study sought to extend these findings to even younger individuals: the ERN was elicited by a Go/NoGo task in 48 six year-old children with a clinical anxiety disorder assessed by diagnostic interview and 48 age-matched controls. In addition to child anxiety disorder, the ERN was examined in relation to maternal history of anxiety disorder, which was previously related to a smaller ERN. Anxious children were characterized by a larger (i.e., more negative) ERN and maternal history of anxiety disorder was associated with a smaller ERN. Thus, the relationship between an increased ERN and clinical anxiety is evident by age 6, and this effect appears independent from an opposing influence of maternal anxiety history on the ERN. These findings support the ERN as a promising neurobehavioral marker of anxiety, and implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Meyer
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA,
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47
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Roberts K, Stanley EM, Franklin ME, Simons RF. Decreased response monitoring in individuals with symptoms of trichotillomania. Psychophysiology 2014; 51:706-13. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Roberts
- Department of Psychology; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware USA
| | - Emily M. Stanley
- Department of Psychology; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware USA
| | - Martin E. Franklin
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Robert F. Simons
- Department of Psychology; University of Delaware; Newark Delaware USA
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48
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Moser JS, Moran TP, Schroder HS, Donnellan MB, Yeung N. The case for compensatory processes in the relationship between anxiety and error monitoring: a reply to Proudfit, Inzlicht, and Mennin. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:64. [PMID: 24616680 PMCID: PMC3937763 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Moser
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Tim P Moran
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hans S Schroder
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - M Brent Donnellan
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Nick Yeung
- Department of Psychology, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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49
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Suárez-Pellicioni M, Núñez-Peña MI, Colomé À. Abnormal error monitoring in math-anxious individuals: evidence from error-related brain potentials. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81143. [PMID: 24236212 PMCID: PMC3827466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used event-related brain potentials to investigate whether math anxiety is related to abnormal error monitoring processing. Seventeen high math-anxious (HMA) and seventeen low math-anxious (LMA) individuals were presented with a numerical and a classical Stroop task. Groups did not differ in terms of trait or state anxiety. We found enhanced error-related negativity (ERN) in the HMA group when subjects committed an error on the numerical Stroop task, but not on the classical Stroop task. Groups did not differ in terms of the correct-related negativity component (CRN), the error positivity component (Pe), classical behavioral measures or post-error measures. The amplitude of the ERN was negatively related to participants’ math anxiety scores, showing a more negative amplitude as the score increased. Moreover, using standardized low resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) we found greater activation of the insula in errors on a numerical task as compared to errors in a non-numerical task only for the HMA group. The results were interpreted according to the motivational significance theory of the ERN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macarena Suárez-Pellicioni
- Department of Behavioural Sciences Methods, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Isabel Núñez-Peña
- Department of Behavioural Sciences Methods, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Àngels Colomé
- Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Basic Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Fitzgerald KD, Liu Y, Stern ER, Welsh RC, Hanna GL, Monk CS, Luan Phan K, Taylor SF. Reduced error-related activation of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex across pediatric anxiety disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 52:1183-1191.e1. [PMID: 24157392 PMCID: PMC3910489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abnormalities of cognitive control functions, such as conflict and error monitoring, have been theorized to underlie obsessive-compulsive symptoms but only recently have been considered a potentially relevant psychological construct for understanding other forms of anxiety. The authors sought to determine whether these cognitive control processes elicit the same abnormalities of brain function in patients with pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as in those with non-OCD anxiety disorders. METHOD Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the Multisource Interference Task was used to measure conflict- and error-related activations in youth (8-18 years) with OCD (n = 21) and non-OCD anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder; n = 23) compared with age-matched healthy controls (n = 25). RESULTS There were no differences in performance (accuracy, response times) among groups. However, a significant effect of group was observed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) during error processing, driven by decreased activation in patients with OCD and those with non-OCD anxiety compared with healthy youth. Between patient groups, there was no difference in error-related dlPFC activation. CONCLUSIONS Hypoactive dlPFC response to errors occurs in pediatric patients with OCD and those with non-OCD anxiety. These findings suggest that insufficient error-related engagement of the dlPFC associates with anxiety across traditional diagnostic boundaries and appears during the early stages of illness.
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