1
|
Akin AT, Kaymak E, Ceylan T, Ozturk E, Basaran KE, Karabulut D, Ozdamar S, Yakan B. Chloroquine attenuates chronic hypoxia-induced testicular damage via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis in experimental rat model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:813-823. [PMID: 35579513 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia negatively affects male fertility by causing pathological changes in male reproductive system. However, underlying mechanisms of this damage are unknown. Chloroquine (CLQ) is an anti-inflammatory agent which is widely used in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of CLQ in the hypoxia-induced testicular damage via assessment of hypoxic response, endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis. For this purpose, 32 Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups as Control (given %20-21 O2 , no treatment), CLQ (given 50 mg/kg and %20-21 O2 for 28 days), HX (given %10 O2 for 28 days) and HX + CLQ (given 50 mg/kg and %10 O2 for 28 days). After experiment, blood samples and testicular tissues were taken. Histopathological evaluation was performed on testicular tissues and HIF1-α, HSP70, HSP90 and GADD153 expression levels were detected via immunohistochemistry. Moreover, apoptotic cells were detected via TUNEL staining and serum testosterone levels were determined by ELISA assay. Histopathological changes, apoptotic cell numbers and HIF1-α, HSP70, HSP90 and GADD153 expressions significantly increased in HX group (p < 0.05). Moreover, serum testosterone levels decreased in this group (p > 0.05). However, CLQ exerted a strong ameliorative effect on all parameters in HX + CLQ group. According to our results, we suggested that CLQ can be considered as an alternative protective agent for eliminating the negative effects of hypoxic conditions on male fertility. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Tugrul Akin
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Emin Kaymak
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Ceylan
- Program of Pathology Laboratory Techniques, Kapadokya Vocational High School, Kapadokya University, Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Emel Ozturk
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Kemal Erdem Basaran
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Derya Karabulut
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Saim Ozdamar
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Birkan Yakan
- Histology-Embriology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
He G, Peng X, Wei S, Yang S, Li X, Huang M, Tang S, Jin H, Liu J, Zhang S, Zheng H, Fan Q, Liu J, Yang L, Li H. Exosomes in the hypoxic TME: from release, uptake and biofunctions to clinical applications. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:19. [PMID: 35039054 PMCID: PMC8762953 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01440-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a remarkable trait of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When facing selective pressure, tumor cells show various adaptive characteristics, such as changes in the expression of cancer hallmarks (increased proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, immune evasion, and so on) and more frequent cell communication. Because of the adaptation of cancer cells to hypoxia, exploring the association between cell communication mediators and hypoxia has become increasingly important. Exosomes are important information carriers in cell-to-cell communication. Abundant evidence has proven that hypoxia effects in the TME are mediated by exosomes, with the occasional formation of feedback loops. In this review, we equally focus on the biogenesis and heterogeneity of cancer-derived exosomes and their functions under hypoxia and describe the known and potential mechanism ascribed to exosomes and hypoxia. Notably, we call attention to the size change of hypoxic cancer cell-derived exosomes, a characteristic long neglected, and propose some possible effects of this size change. Finally, jointly considering recent developments in the understanding of exosomes and tumors, we describe noteworthy problems in this field that urgently need to be solved for better research and clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng He
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xueqiang Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shibo Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Mingyao Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Shilei Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Hongyuan Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jiaxing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Qing Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Jingang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Liang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Hangyu Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wei WG, Zhang XQ, Zhang YJ, Tian Y. Significance of changes of serum heat shock protein 70 levels in patients with traumatic brain injury and acute gastrointestinal injury. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:372-377. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i7.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND
At present, most researchers believe that serum heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) has a high sensitivity when gastrointestinal function is damaged and it is a sensitive indicator of early intestinal ischemia. However, there are few studies on the role of serum HSP70 in the evaluation of gastrointestinal function in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is worthy of further study.
AIM
To explore the significance of changes of serum heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels in patients with TBI combined with acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI).
METHODS
A total of 133 patients with TBI and AGI who were treated and hospitalized at the intensive care unit of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from March 2019 to October 2020 were selected as the research subjects. According to the modified Glasgow coma scoring method combined with the clinical classification criteria of traumatic brain injury, the study subjects were divided into three groups: 63 cases of mild type, 32 cases of moderate type, and 38 cases of severe type. According to the AGI grading standard, the study subjects were divided into 68 cases of grade I AGI, 37 cases of grade II, 17 cases of grade III, and 11 cases of grade IV. Another 50 patients with no history of TBI and basic diseases of various systems who underwent routine physical examination at our hospital were selected as a control group. Serum HSP70 levels were compared between patients with different brain trauma types and different AGI grades and the control group. The correlation of serum HSP70 levels of TBI patients with AGI and the degree with brain injury and AGI grades was analyzed. The performance of serum HSP70 levels in the diagnosis of TBI with AGI was evaluated.
RESULTS
On the day of admission, as the degree of brain injury worsened, serum HSP70 level gradually increased, and HSP70 levels of various types were significantly higher than those in the control group. As the AGI grade increased, serum HSP70 level also gradually increased. And the HSP70 levels of each grade were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). On the 3rd day of admission, serum HSP70 levels of each type were significantly lower than the values on the day of admission, but the values were still higher than those in the control group. And serum HSP70 level of each grade was significantly lower than the value on the day of admission, but the value was still significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that serum HSP70 levels were significantly positively correlated with the degree of brain injury and AGI grades in patients with TBI and AGI (rs = 0.802 and 0.836, respectively, P < 0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the accuracy of serum HSP70 in the diagnosis of TBI combined with AGI was relatively high, with an AUC of 0.803 and 95%CI of 0.720-0.872. When the best cutoff value was 258.50 ng/L, the sensitivity was 80.94%, the specificity was 87.93%, and the Youden index was 0.501.
CONCLUSION
Serum HSP70 in patients with TBI combined with AGI is significantly up-regulated, which may be related to the progression of the disease and has high diagnostic value for TBI combined with AGI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Gui Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xue-Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yan-Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fodor I, Hussein AAA, Benjamin PR, Koene JM, Pirger Z. The unlimited potential of the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. eLife 2020; 9:e56962. [PMID: 32539932 PMCID: PMC7297532 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a limited number of animal species lend themselves to becoming model organisms in multiple biological disciplines: one of these is the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Extensively used since the 1970s to study fundamental mechanisms in neurobiology, the value of this freshwater snail has been also recognised in fields as diverse as host-parasite interactions, ecotoxicology, evolution, genome editing and 'omics', and human disease modelling. While there is knowledge about the natural history of this species, what is currently lacking is an integration of findings from the laboratory and the field. With this in mind, this article aims to summarise the applicability of L. stagnalis and points out that this multipurpose model organism is an excellent, contemporary choice for addressing a large range of different biological questions, problems and phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- István Fodor
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological ResearchTihanyHungary
| | - Ahmed AA Hussein
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Paul R Benjamin
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
| | - Joris M Koene
- Section of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological ResearchTihanyHungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rivi V, Benatti C, Colliva C, Radighieri G, Brunello N, Tascedda F, Blom JMC. Lymnaea stagnalis as model for translational neuroscience research: From pond to bench. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:602-616. [PMID: 31786320 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to illustrate how a reductionistic, but sophisticated, approach based on the use of a simple model system such as the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L. stagnalis), might be useful to address fundamental questions in learning and memory. L. stagnalis, as a model, provides an interesting platform to investigate the dialog between the synapse and the nucleus and vice versa during memory and learning. More importantly, the "molecular actors" of the memory dialogue are well-conserved both across phylogenetic groups and learning paradigms, involving single- or multi-trials, aversion or reward, operant or classical conditioning. At the same time, this model could help to study how, where and when the memory dialog is impaired in stressful conditions and during aging and neurodegeneration in humans and thus offers new insights and targets in order to develop innovative therapies and technology for the treatment of a range of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Rivi
- Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Benatti
- Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - C Colliva
- Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - G Radighieri
- Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - N Brunello
- Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - F Tascedda
- Dept. of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - J M C Blom
- Dept. of Education and Human Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Penna E, Cerciello A, Chambery A, Russo R, Cernilogar FM, Pedone EM, Perrone-Capano C, Cappello S, Di Giaimo R, Crispino M. Cystatin B Involvement in Synapse Physiology of Rodent Brains and Human Cerebral Organoids. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:195. [PMID: 31467503 PMCID: PMC6707391 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystatin B (CSTB) is a ubiquitous protein belonging to a superfamily of protease inhibitors. CSTB may play a critical role in brain physiology because its mutations cause progressive myoclonic epilepsy-1A (EPM1A), the most common form of progressive myoclonic epilepsy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of CSTB in the central nervous system (CNS) are largely unknown. To investigate the possible involvement of CSTB in the synaptic plasticity, we analyzed its expression in synaptosomes as a model system in studying the physiology of the synaptic regions of the CNS. We found that CSTB is not only present in the synaptosomes isolated from rat and mouse brain cortex, but also secreted into the medium in a depolarization-controlled manner. In addition, using biorthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) procedure, we demonstrated, for the first time, that CSTB is locally synthesized in the synaptosomes. The synaptic localization of CSTB was confirmed in a human 3D model of cortical development, namely cerebral organoids. Altogether, these results suggest that CSTB may play a role in the brain plasticity and open a new perspective in studying the involvement of CSTB deregulation in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Cerciello
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Rosita Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Filippo M Cernilogar
- Division of Molecular Biology, Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Emilia Maria Pedone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Carla Perrone-Capano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Department of Developmental Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim JH, Kim JY, Lim LJ, Kim SK, Choi HS, Hur YB. Effects of waterborne nitrite on hematological parameters and stress indicators in olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus, raised in bio-floc and seawater. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 209:28-34. [PMID: 29913396 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile olive flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus (mean weight 2.69 ± 0.31 g), were raised in bio-floc and seawater for six months, these P. olivaceus (mean weight 280.1 ± 10.5 g, mean length 28.37 ± 2.3 cm) were exposed to different concentrations of waterborne nitrite (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg NO2-/L) for 7 days. None of the P. olivaceus individuals exposed to bio-floc and seawater containing waterborne nitrite concentrations of 200 mg/L for 7 days survived. Hematological parameters (hemoglobin and hematocrit) were significantly reduced by nitrite exposure. Regarding plasma components, the concentrations of glucose, glutamic oxalate transaminase (GOT), and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (GPT) increased significantly in response to nitrite exposure, whereas cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased. Stress indicators, including concentrations of plasma glucose, cortisol, and liver and gill concentrations of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were significantly increased by nitrite exposure. The results of the study indicate that nitrite exposure affected the hematological parameters and stress indicators of P. olivaceus raised in bio-floc and seawater, and these changes were more prominent in the P. olivaceus raised in seawater than those raised in bio-floc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwan Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean, 32132, South Korea.
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Sun Moon University, Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Asan-si, South Korea
| | - Lok-Ji Lim
- Sun Moon University, Department of Aquatic Life and Medical Science, Asan-si, South Korea
| | - Su Kyoung Kim
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean, 32132, South Korea
| | - Hye Sung Choi
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean, 32132, South Korea
| | - Young Baek Hur
- National Institute of Fisheries Science, West Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research & Devlopment, Taean, 32132, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ravaschiere A, Cutler C, Edleson K, Halem Z, Magun H, Meckler F, Cox R. Quantification of heat shock protein 70 and acetylcholinesterase over a time course suggests environmental adaptation in a foundational molluscan species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:222-229. [PMID: 28412626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Waterways in urban areas often act as repositories for sewage, industrial waste, and environmental contaminants. In response, inhabitants of these watersheds undergo physiological adaptations specific to their respective environments. Effects of these stressors can be assayed by quantification of various well-documented biomarkers in sentinel species such as the Atlantic Ribbed mussel, Geukensia demissa, a native to the Bronx River Estuary, Bronx, NY, USA. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a universally expressed biomarker for an array of environmental stressors including toxins and low dissolved oxygen. To better understand the mechanisms by which organisms tolerate their contaminated environments, we monitored the constitutive and heat shock-induced levels of two proteins: Hsp70 and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in natural populations of G. demissa from differentially impacted sites: the Bronx River and Greenwich Cove estuaries. We show that G. demissa from the Bronx River exhibits a higher level of constitutive Hsp70, and launches a more rapid and robust heat shock response than does its Greenwich Cove counterpart. In addition, AChE levels are recovered more quickly in Bronx River mussels. Based on response pattern investigations from heat stress as well as constitutive expression, we suggest that the Hsp70/AChE chaperone/client relationship exemplifies the unique adaptive mechanisms utilized by organisms in order to tolerate environmentally impacted habitats. Results from this study offer important insights from an ecological perspective into the molecular and cellular basis of stress response and provide valuable information regarding adaptation to the increased demands of challenging environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ravaschiere
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Caroline Cutler
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Kristi Edleson
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Zachery Halem
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Henry Magun
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Fred Meckler
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA
| | - Rachel Cox
- Lisman Laboratories, Riverdale Country School, 5250 Fieldston Rd., Bronx, NY 10471, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Paces J, Nic M, Novotny T, Svoboda P. Literature review of baseline information to support the risk assessment of RNAi‐based GM plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [PMCID: PMC7163844 DOI: 10.2903/sp.efsa.2017.en-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Paces
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IMG)
| | | | | | - Petr Svoboda
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IMG)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodepeter FR, Wiegand S, Lüers HG, Bonaterra GA, Lowe AW, Bette M, Jacob R, Mandic R. Indication for differential sorting of the rat v-SNARE splice isoforms VAMP-1a and -1b. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:500-509. [PMID: 28314111 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins are essential constituents of the intracellular trafficking machinery. The variable C-terminus in the 2 rat VAMP-1 splice isoforms VAMP-1a and -1b potentially acts as a sorting signal, because similar changes at the C-terminal end of a human VAMP-1 splice isoform resulted in its sorting to mitochondria. To evaluate the differences in the subcellular localization of these two v-SNARE proteins, VAMP-1a and -1b proteins tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) were expressed in HeLa, COS-7, and MDCK cells and evaluated by conventional confocal as well as total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Regions consistent with the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus demonstrated a major overlap of both signals. In the periphery, vesicular structures were observed that mainly expressed one of the 2 isoforms. Within our experimental settings, we could not observe sorting of any of the 2 isoforms to mitochondria or peroxisomes, whereas both isoforms were found expressed in a minor subset of singular vesicles, which sporadically appeared to co-localize with the exocyst marker EXOC3/Sec6. Because vesicular structures were seen that expressed only one of the two splice variants, it is possible that VAMP-1a and VAMP-1b are sorted to distinct cellular compartments that require further characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona R Rodepeter
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, 3.BA, Room +3/08070, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Wiegand
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, 3.BA, Room +3/08070, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Lüers
- b Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel A Bonaterra
- c Department of Medical Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anson W Lowe
- d Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael Bette
- e Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Jacob
- f Institute of Cell Biology and Cell Pathology, Philipps-Universität, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robert Mandic
- a Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Campus Marburg, 3.BA, Room +3/08070, Baldingerstrasse, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dong N, Feng ZP. Inverse Relationship between Basal Pacemaker Neuron Activity and Aversive Long-Term Memory Formation in Lymnaea stagnalis. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 10:297. [PMID: 28101006 PMCID: PMC5209385 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory formation are essential physiological functions. While quiescent neurons have long been the focus of investigations into the mechanisms of memory formation, there is increasing evidence that spontaneously active neurons also play key roles in this process and possess distinct rules of activity-dependent plasticity. In this study, we used a well-defined aversive learning model of aerial respiration in the mollusk Lymnaea stagnalis (L. stagnalis) to study the role of basal firing activity of the respiratory pacemaker neuron Right Pedal Dorsal 1 (RPeD1) as a determinant of aversive long-term memory (LTM) formation. We investigated the relationship between basal aerial respiration behavior and RPeD1 firing activity, and examined aversive LTM formation and neuronal plasticity in animals exhibiting different basal aerial respiration behavior. We report that animals with higher basal aerial respiration behavior exhibited early responses to operant conditioning and better aversive LTM formation. Early behavioral response to the conditioning procedure was associated with biphasic enhancements in the membrane potential, spontaneous firing activity and gain of firing response, with an early phase spanning the first 2 h after conditioning and a late phase that is observed at 24 h. Taken together, we provide the first evidence suggesting that lower neuronal activity at the time of learning may be correlated with better memory formation in spontaneously active neurons. Our findings provide new insights into the diversity of cellular rules of plasticity underlying memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Dong
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhong-Ping Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Fong PP, Bury TBS, Donovan EE, Lambert OJ, Palmucci JR, Adamczak SK. Exposure to SSRI-type antidepressants increases righting time in the marine snail Ilyanassa obsoleta. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:725-731. [PMID: 27752949 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to human antidepressants has been shown to disrupt locomotion and other foot-mediated mechanisms in aquatic snails. We tested the effect of three selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)- and one selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI)-type antidepressants on the righting response in the marine snail, Ilyanassa obsoleta. All four antidepressants (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, venlafaxine) significantly increased righting time compared with controls with an exposure time as short as 1 h. Dose responses were nonmonotonic with effects seen mainly at the lowest exposure concentrations and shortest duration. The lowest concentration to show an effect was 3.45 μg/L fluoxetine with a 2-h exposure period and is about 3.71 times higher than environmental concentrations. Our results highlight rapid disruption of another foot-mediated behavior in aquatic snails by SSRI-type antidepressants. We discuss these and other reported nonmonotonic dose responses caused by antidepressants in terms of the various possible physiological mechanisms of action in nontarget aquatic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Fong
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA.
| | - Taylor B S Bury
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA
| | | | - Olivia J Lambert
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA
| | - Julia R Palmucci
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA, 17325, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu TZ, Kostelecki W, Sun CLF, Dong N, Pérez Velázquez JL, Feng ZP. High sensitivity of spontaneous spike frequency to sodium leak current in a Lymnaea pacemaker neuron. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:3011-3022. [PMID: 27711993 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous rhythmic firing of action potentials in pacemaker neurons depends on the biophysical properties of voltage-gated ion channels and background leak currents. The background leak current includes a large K+ and a small Na+ component. We previously reported that a Na+ -leak current via U-type channels is required to generate spontaneous action potential firing in the identified respiratory pacemaker neuron, RPeD1, in the freshwater pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. We further investigated the functional significance of the background Na+ current in rhythmic spiking of RPeD1 neurons. Whole-cell patch-clamp recording and computational modeling approaches were carried out in isolated RPeD1 neurons. The whole-cell current of the major ion channel components in RPeD1 neurons were characterized, and a conductance-based computational model of the rhythmic pacemaker activity was simulated with the experimental measurements. We found that the spiking rate is more sensitive to changes in the Na+ leak current as compared to the K+ leak current, suggesting a robust function of Na+ leak current in regulating spontaneous neuronal firing activity. Our study provides new insight into our current understanding of the role of Na+ leak current in intrinsic properties of pacemaker neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Z Lu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - W Kostelecki
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - C L F Sun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - N Dong
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - J L Pérez Velázquez
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z-P Feng
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Buck LT, Bond HC, Malik A. Assessment of anoxia tolerance and photoperiod dependence of GABAergic polarity in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2016; 203:193-200. [PMID: 27664385 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis is reported to be anoxia-tolerant and if the tolerance mechanism is similar to that of the anoxia-tolerant painted turtle, GABA should play an important role. A potentially confounding factor investigating the role of GABA in anoxia tolerance are reports that GABA has both inhibitory and excitatory effects within L. stagnalis central ganglion. We therefore set out to determine if seasonality or photoperiod has an impact on: 1) the anoxia-tolerance of the intact pond snail, and 2) the response of isolated neuroganglia cluster F neurons to exogenous GABA application. L. stagnalis maintained on a natural summer light cycle were unable to survive any period of anoxic exposure, while those maintained on a natural winter light cycle survived a maximum of 4h. Using intracellular sharp electrode recordings from pedal ganglia cluster F neurons we show that there is a photoperiod dependent shift in the response to GABA. Snails exposed to a 16h:8h light:dark cycle in an environmental chamber (induced summer phenotype) exhibited hyperpolarizing inhibitory responses and those exposed to a 8h:16h light:dark cycle (induced winter phenotype) exhibited depolarizing excitatory responses to GABA application. Using gramicidin-perforated patch recordings we also found a photoperiod dependent shift in the reversal potential for GABA. We conclude that the opposing responses of L. stagnalis central neurons to GABA results from a shift in intracellular chloride concentration that is photoperiod dependent and is likely mediated through the relative efficacy of cation chloride co-transporters. Although the physiological ramifications of the photoperiod dependent shift are unknown this work potentially has important implications for the impact of artificial light pollution on animal health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leslie T Buck
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Hilary C Bond
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Aqsa Malik
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miller AN, Deal D, Green J, Houle T, Brown W, Thore C, Stump D, Webb LX. Use of the Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator Decreases Carotid and Cranial Embolic Events in a Canine Model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:658-64. [PMID: 27098324 PMCID: PMC6948809 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.14.01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 2 million patients in the United States annually undergo total joint arthroplasty with reaming and placement of intramedullary nails, resulting in extravasation of bone marrow and fat into the circulatory system and potentially causing fat embolism syndrome. Acute and chronic changes in mental status documented after these procedures may be related to embolic events. The Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator (RIA) device has been shown to decrease intramedullary pressure during reaming. We hypothesized that the use of the RIA in a canine model would reduce the number of microemboli detected in the carotid artery and brain compared with nailing either with or without reaming. METHODS Twenty-four large canines underwent unreamed nailing (UR), sequentially reamed nailing (SR), or RIA-reamed nailing (RIA) of bilateral femora (eight dogs per group). During reaming and nailing, the number and size of microemboli transiting the carotid artery were recorded. After euthanasia, the brain was harvested for immunostaining and measurement of microinfarction volumes. RESULTS Total embolic load passing through the carotid artery was 0.049 cc (UR), 0.045 cc (SR), and 0.013 cc (RIA). The number and size of microemboli in the UR and SR groups were similar; however, the RIA group had significantly fewer larger-sized (>200-μm) emboli (p = 0.03). Pathologic examination of the brain confirmed particulate emboli, and histologic analyses demonstrated upregulation of stress-related proteins in all groups, with fewer emboli and less evidence of stress for RIA reaming. CONCLUSIONS RIA reaming decreased microemboli compared with traditional reaming and unreamed nailing, suggesting that intramedullary pressure and heat are important variables. The documented embolic events and brain stress may help to explain subtle neurobehavioral symptoms commonly seen in patients after undergoing long-bone reaming procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE RIA reaming decreased cranial embolic events and may have an ameliorating effect on postoperative neurologic sequelae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna N. Miller
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.N.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.D., T.H., and D.S.), Anesthesiology (D.S.), and Radiology (W.B. and C.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina,E-mail address for A.N. Miller:
| | - Dwight Deal
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.N.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.D., T.H., and D.S.), Anesthesiology (D.S.), and Radiology (W.B. and C.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - James Green
- DePuy Synthes, Inc., Westchester, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy Houle
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.N.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.D., T.H., and D.S.), Anesthesiology (D.S.), and Radiology (W.B. and C.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - William Brown
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.N.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.D., T.H., and D.S.), Anesthesiology (D.S.), and Radiology (W.B. and C.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Clara Thore
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.N.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.D., T.H., and D.S.), Anesthesiology (D.S.), and Radiology (W.B. and C.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - David Stump
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.N.M.), Cardiothoracic Surgery (D.D., T.H., and D.S.), Anesthesiology (D.S.), and Radiology (W.B. and C.T.), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jia R, Han C, Lei JL, Liu BL, Huang B, Huo HH, Yin ST. Effects of nitrite exposure on haematological parameters, oxidative stress and apoptosis in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 169:1-9. [PMID: 26476021 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite (NO2(-)) is commonly present as contaminant in aquatic environment and toxic to aquatic organisms. In the present study, we investigated the effects of nitrite exposure on haematological parameters, oxidative stress and apoptosis in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish were exposed to various concentrations of nitrite (0, 0.02, 0.08, 0.4 and 0.8mM) for 96 h. Fish blood and gills were collected to assay haematological parameters, oxidative stress and expression of genes after 0, 24, 48 and 96 h of exposure. In blood, the data showed that the levels of methemoglobin (MetHb), triglyceride (TG), potassium (K(+)), cortisol, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and glucose significantly increased in treatments with higher concentrations of nitrite (0.4 and/or 0.8mM) after 48 and 96 h, while the levels of haemoglobin (Hb) and sodium (Na(+)) significantly decreased in these treatments. In gills, nitrite (0.4 and/or 0.8mM) apparently reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH), increased the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), up-regulated the mRNA levels of c-jun amino-terminal kinase (JUK1), p53, caspase-3, caspase-7 and caspase-9 after 48 and 96 h of exposure. The results suggested caspase-dependent and JUK signaling pathways played important roles in nitrite-induced apoptosis in fish. Further, this study provides new insights into how nitrite affects the physiological responses and apoptosis in a marine fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jia
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Cen Han
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Ji-Lin Lei
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bao-Liang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Huan-Huan Huo
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Shu-Ting Yin
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Karunanithi S, Brown IR. Heat shock response and homeostatic plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:68. [PMID: 25814928 PMCID: PMC4357293 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock response and homeostatic plasticity are mechanisms that afford functional stability to cells in the face of stress. Each mechanism has been investigated independently, but the link between the two has not been extensively explored. We explore this link. The heat shock response enables cells to adapt to stresses such as high temperature, metabolic stress and reduced oxygen levels. This mechanism results from the production of heat shock proteins (HSPs) which maintain normal cellular functions by counteracting the misfolding of cellular proteins. Homeostatic plasticity enables neurons and their target cells to maintain their activity levels around their respective set points in the face of stress or disturbances. This mechanism results from the recruitment of adaptations at synaptic inputs, or at voltage-gated ion channels. In this perspective, we argue that heat shock triggers homeostatic plasticity through the production of HSPs. We also suggest that homeostatic plasticity is a form of neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanker Karunanithi
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University QLD, Australia ; Menzies Health Institute of Queensland, Griffith University QLD, Australia
| | - Ian R Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for the Neurobiology of Stress, University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bianchi A, Moulin D, Hupont S, Koufany M, Netter P, Reboul P, Jouzeau JY. Oxidative stress-induced expression of HSP70 contributes to the inhibitory effect of 15d-PGJ2 on inducible prostaglandin pathway in chondrocytes. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:114-26. [PMID: 25106704 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of 15-deoxy-Δ(12,14)-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) on proinflammatory gene expression has been extensively documented and frequently ascribed to its ability to prevent NF-κB pathway activation. We and others have previously demonstrated that it was frequently independent of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)γ activation. Here, we provide evidence that induction of intracellular heat shock protein (HSP)70 by oxidative stress is an additional regulatory loop supporting the anti-inflammatory effect of 15d-PGJ2 in chondrocytes. Using real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, we showed that 15d-PGJ2 stimulated HSP70, but not HSP27 expression while increasing oxidative stress as measured by spectrofluorimetry and confocal spectral imaging. Using N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant, we demonstrated further that oxidative stress was thoroughly responsible for the increased expression of HSP70. Finally, using an HSP70 antisense strategy, we showed that the inhibitory effect of 15d-PGJ2 on IL-1-induced activation of the NF-κB pathway, COX-2 and mPGES-1 expression, and PGE2 synthesis was partly supported by HSP70. These data provide a new anti-inflammatory mechanism to support the PPARγ-independent effect of 15d-PGJ2 in chondrocyte and suggest a possible feedback regulatory loop between oxidative stress and inflammation via intracellular HSP70 up-regulation. This cross talk is consistent with 15d-PGJ2 as a putative negative regulator of the inflammatory reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bianchi
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - D Moulin
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - S Hupont
- Plateforme d׳Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire PTIBC-IBISA, FR3209 CNRS-INSERM-Université de Lorraine Bio-ingénierie Moléculaire, Cellulaire et Thérapeutique (BMCT), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - M Koufany
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - P Netter
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, France
| | - P Reboul
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J-Y Jouzeau
- UMR 7365 CNRS-Université de Lorraine, Ingénierie Moléculaire et Physiopathologie Articulaire (IMoPA), Biopôle de l'Université de Lorraine, Campus Biologie-Santé, 9 Avenue de la forêt de Haye, CS 50184, 54505 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département de Pharmacologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Hôpital Central, CHU de Nancy, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Protective effects of testosterone on presynaptic terminals against oligomeric β-amyloid peptide in primary culture of hippocampal neurons. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:103906. [PMID: 25045655 PMCID: PMC4086619 DOI: 10.1155/2014/103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Increasing lines of evidence support that testosterone may have neuroprotective effects. While observational studies reported an association between higher bioavailable testosterone or brain testosterone levels and reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is limited understanding of the underlying neuroprotective mechanisms. Previous studies demonstrated that testosterone could alleviate neurotoxicity induced by β-amyloid (Aβ), but these findings mainly focused on neuronal apoptosis. Since synaptic dysfunction and degeneration are early events during the pathogenesis of AD, we aim to investigate the effects of testosterone on oligomeric Aβ-induced synaptic changes. Our data suggested that exposure of primary cultured hippocampal neurons to oligomeric Aβ could reduce the length of neurites and decrease the expression of presynaptic proteins including synaptophysin, synaptotagmin, and synapsin-1. Aβ also disrupted synaptic vesicle recycling and protein folding machinery. Testosterone preserved the integrity of neurites and the expression of presynaptic proteins. It also attenuated Aβ-induced impairment of synaptic exocytosis. By using letrozole as an aromatase antagonist, we further demonstrated that the effects of testosterone on exocytosis were unlikely to be mediated through the estrogen receptor pathway. Furthermore, we showed that testosterone could attenuate Aβ-induced reduction of HSP70, which suggests a novel mechanism that links testosterone and its protective function on Aβ-induced synaptic damage. Taken together, our data provide further evidence on the beneficial effects of testosterone, which may be useful for future drug development for AD.
Collapse
|
20
|
Erbaş O, Yeniel AÖ, Akdemir A, Ergenoğlu AM, Yilmaz M, Taskiran D, Peker G. The beneficial effects of levetiracetam on polyneuropathy in the early stage of sepsis in rats: electrophysiological and biochemical evidence. J INVEST SURG 2013; 26:312-8. [PMID: 23957613 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2013.797056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) is a common complication in long (≥1 week) critical/intensive care hospitalizations. Rapidly progressing atrophy and weakness of the limb, trunk and, particularly, respiratory muscles may lead to severe morbidity or mortality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of levetiracetam (LEV) on CIP in the early stage of sepsis in rats. We simulated CIP by a surgically induced sepsis model and verified it by lower-limb electromyography (EMG) (amplitude and duration of CMAP, and distal latency). We evaluated the effects of various doses of LEV treatment (300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg i.p.) on CIP by performing electrophysiology, and determining plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, lipid peroxides (malondialdehyde, MDA) levels, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). Our data showed: (1) significant suppression of CMAP amplitude and prolongation of distal latency in the saline-treated sepsis group, and distal latency as well as CMAP amplitudes benefiting best from the 600 mg/kg LEV treatment; (2) significant rise in plasma TNF-α and MDA levels in the saline-treated sepsis group, but significant ameliorations by the 600 and 1200 mg/kg LEV treatment; (3) highly significant suppression of TAC in the saline-treated group, but profound reversals in all LEV-treated groups. We conclude that 300, 600, and 1200 mg/kg i.p. doses of post-septic treatment by LEV has possibly acted in a dose-dependent manner to both protect and restore the affected peripheral nerves' axon and myelin following surgical disturbance of the cecum to induce sepsis and consequent polyneuropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oytun Erbaş
- 1 Department of Physiology, Ege University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gust M, Fortier M, Garric J, Fournier M, Gagné F. Immunotoxicity of surface waters contaminated by municipal effluents to the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 126:393-403. [PMID: 23021492 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The immunotoxic effects of surface waters contaminated by a municipal effluent dispersion plume were examined in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Snails were exposed to surface waters where changes in hemocyte counts, viability, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced thiols and phagocytic activity were tracked following exposure periods of 3h and 3 and 7d. Changes in mRNA expression of some genes in the hemocytes were also assessed after 7d of exposure, as follows: genes coding for catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSR), selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (SeGPX), two isoforms of the nitric oxide synthetase (NOS1 and NOS2), molluscan defensive molecule (MDM), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF), and heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70). At the sites closest to the discharge point, exposure led to impaired hemocyte viability and intracellular thiol levels and also an increase of hemocyte count, ROS levels and phagocytosis. Phagocytosis and ROS levels in hemocytes were correlated with heterotrophic bacterial counts in snails. We found four genes with increased mRNA expression as a response to exposure of municipal wastewaters: TLR4 (6-fold), HSP70 (2-fold), SeGPx (4-fold) and CAT (2-fold). Immunocompetence responses were analyzed by canonical analysis to seek out relationships with mRNA expression of the genes involved in stress, pattern recognition, cellular and humoral responses. The data revealed that genes involved in oxidative stress were strongly involved with immunocompetence and that the resulting immune responses were influenced both by the bacterial and pollutant loadings of the effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Gust
- IRSTEA, UR MAEP, Laboratoire d'écotoxicologie, Lyon, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang CT, Lin HJ, Cheng BC, Lin MT, Chang CP. Attenuating systemic inflammatory markers in simulated high-altitude exposure by heat shock protein 70-mediated hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning in rats. J Formos Med Assoc 2013; 114:328-38. [PMID: 25839766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The primary goal of this study was to test whether high-altitude exposure (HAE: 0.9% O(2) at 0.47 ATA for 24 hours) was capable of increasing the systemic inflammatory markers as well as the toxic organ injury indicators in rats, with a secondary goal to test whether preinduction of heat shock protein (HSP) 70 by hypobaric hypoxia preconditioning (HHP: 18.3% O(2) at 0.66 ATA for 5 h/day on 5 days consecutively for 2 weeks) attenuated the proposed increased serum levels of both the systemic inflammatory markers and the toxic organ injury indicators. METHODS Rats were assigned to: (1) non-HHP (21% O(2) at 1.0 ATA)+non-HAE (21% O(2) at 1.0 ATA) group; (2) non-HHP+HAE group; (3) HHP+non-HAE group; (4) HHP+HAE group; and (5) HHP+HSP70 antibodies (Ab)+HAE group. For the HSP70Ab group, a neutralizing HSP70Ab was injected intravenously at 24 hours prior to HAE. All the physiological and biochemical parameters were obtained at the end of HAE or the equivalent time period of non-HAE. Blood samples were obtained for determination of both the systemic inflammatory markers (e.g., serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, E-selectin, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and liver myeloperoxidase activity) and the toxic organ injury indicators (e.g., nitric oxide metabolites, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and lactate dehydrogenase). RESULTS HHP, in addition to inducing overexpression of tissue HSP70, significantly attenuated the HAE-induced hypotension, bradycardia, hypoxia, acidosis, and increased tissue levels of both the systemic inflammatory markers and the toxic organ injury indicators. The beneficial effects of HHP in inducing tissue overexpression of HSP70 as well as in preventing the HAE-induced increased levels of the systemic inflammatory markers and the toxic organ injury indicators could be significantly reduced by HSP70Ab preconditioning. CONCLUSION These results suggest that HHP may downgrade both the systemic inflammatory markers and the toxic organ injury indicators in HAE by upregulating tissue HSP70.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ti Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Chih Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mokrushin AA, Pavlinova LI. Hsp70 promotes synaptic transmission in brain slices damaged by contact with blood clot. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 677:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
24
|
Identification of the role of C/EBP in neurite regeneration following microarray analysis of a L. stagnalis CNS injury model. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:2. [PMID: 22217148 PMCID: PMC3315421 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neuronal regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) is severely compromised due to the presence of extrinsic inhibitory signals and a reduced intrinsic regenerative capacity. In contrast, the CNS of adult Lymnaea stagnalis (L. stagnalis), a freshwater pond snail, is capable of spontaneous regeneration following neuronal injury. Thus, L. stagnalis has served as an animal model to study the cellular mechanisms underlying neuronal regeneration. However, the usage of this model has been limited due to insufficient molecular tools. We have recently conducted a partial neuronal transcriptome sequencing project and reported over 10,000 EST sequences which allowed us to develop and perform a large-scale high throughput microarray analysis. Results To identify genes that are involved in the robust regenerative capacity observed in L. stagnalis, we designed the first gene chip covering ~15, 000 L. stagnalis CNS EST sequences. We conducted microarray analysis to compare the gene expression profiles of sham-operated (control) and crush-operated (regenerative model) central ganglia of adult L. stagnalis. The expression levels of 348 genes were found to be significantly altered (p < 0.05) following nerve injury. From this pool, 67 sequences showed a greater than 2-fold change: 42 of which were up-regulated and 25 down-regulated. Our qPCR analysis confirmed that CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) was up-regulated following nerve injury in a time-dependent manner. In order to test the role of C/EBP in regeneration, C/EBP siRNA was applied following axotomy of cultured Lymnaea PeA neurons. Knockdown of C/EBP following axotomy prevented extension of the distal, proximal and intact neurites. In vivo knockdown of C/EBP postponed recovery of locomotory activity following nerve crush. Taken together, our data suggest both somatic and local effects of C/EBP are involved in neuronal regeneration. Conclusions This is the first high-throughput microarray study in L. stagnalis, a model of axonal regeneration following CNS injury. We reported that 348 genes were regulated following central nerve injury in adult L. stagnalis and provided the first evidence for the involvement of local C/EBP in neuronal regeneration. Our study demonstrates the usefulness of the large-scale gene profiling approach in this invertebrate model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the intrinsic regenerative capacity of adult CNS neurons.
Collapse
|
25
|
Caltubin, a novel molluscan tubulin-interacting protein, promotes axonal growth and attenuates axonal degeneration of rodent neurons. J Neurosci 2011; 31:15231-44. [PMID: 22031869 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2516-11.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Axotomized central neurons of most invertebrate species demonstrate a strong regenerative capacity, and as such may provide valuable molecular insights and new tools to promote axonal regeneration in injured mammalian neurons. In this study, we identified a novel molluscan protein, caltubin, ubiquitously expressed in central neurons of Lymnaea stagnalis and locally synthesized in regenerating neurites. Reduction of caltubin levels by gene silencing inhibits the outgrowth and regenerative ability of adult Lymnaea neurons and decreases local α- and β-tubulin levels in neurites. Caltubin binds to α- and/or β-tubulin in both Lymnaea and rodent neurons. Expression of caltubin in PC12 cells and mouse cortical neurons promotes NGF-induced axonal outgrowth and attenuates axonal retraction after injury. This is the first study illustrating that a xenoprotein can enhance outgrowth and prevent degeneration of injured mammalian neurons. These results may open up new avenues in molecular repair strategies through the insertion of molecular components of invertebrate regenerative pathways into mammalian neurons.
Collapse
|
26
|
Expression, phosphorylation, and glycosylation of CNS proteins in aversive operant conditioning associated memory in Lymnaea stagnalis. Neuroscience 2011; 186:94-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
27
|
A sodium leak current regulates pacemaker activity of adult central pattern generator neurons in Lymnaea stagnalis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18745. [PMID: 21526173 PMCID: PMC3079709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The resting membrane potential of the pacemaker neurons is one of the essential
mechanisms underlying rhythm generation. In this study, we described the
biophysical properties of an uncharacterized channel (U-type channel) and
investigated the role of the channel in the rhythmic activity of a respiratory
pacemaker neuron and the respiratory behaviour in adult freshwater snail
Lymnaea stagnalis. Our results show that the channel
conducts an inward leak current carried by Na+
(ILeak-Na). The ILeak-Na contributed to the resting
membrane potential and was required for maintaining rhythmic action potential
bursting activity of the identified pacemaker RPeD1 neurons. Partial knockdown
of the U-type channel suppressed the aerial respiratory behaviour of the adult
snail in vivo. These findings identified the
Na+ leak conductance via the U-type channel, likely a
NALCN-like channel, as one of the fundamental mechanisms regulating rhythm
activity of pacemaker neurons and respiratory behaviour in adult animals.
Collapse
|
28
|
Arad Z, Mizrahi T, Goldenberg S, Heller J. Natural annual cycle of heat shock protein expression in land snails: desert versus Mediterranean species of Sphincterochila. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 213:3487-95. [PMID: 20889829 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.047670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Land snails are subject to daily and seasonal variations in temperature and in water availability, and have evolved annual cycles of activity and aestivation as part of their survival strategy. We tested in the field whether adaptation to different habitats affects the endogenous levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in two closely related Sphincterochila snail species, a desiccation-resistant desert species, Sphincterochila zonata, and a Mediterranean-type, desiccation-sensitive species, S. cariosa. We examined HSP levels in various tissues of snails during aestivation and after resumption of activity. Our study shows that, during aestivation, S. cariosa had higher standing stocks of Hsp70 in the foot and the hepatopancreas, and of small HSPs (sHSPs) in all the examined tissues, whereas S. zonata had higher stocks of Hsp70 in the kidney and of Hsp90 in the kidney and in the hepatopancreas. Arousal induced a general upregulation of HSPs, except for Hsp90, the expression of which in the foot was higher during aestivation. We suggest that the stress protein machinery is upregulated during arousal in anticipation of possible oxidative stress ensuing from the accelerating metabolic rate and the exit from the deep hypometabolic state. Our findings support the concept that, in land snails, aestivation and activity represent two distinct physiological states, and suggest that land snails use HSPs as important components of the aestivation mechanism, and as part of their survival strategy during and after arousal. Our study also indicates that adaptation to different habitats results in the development of distinct strategies of HSP expression with likely consequences for the ecology and distribution of land snails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Arad
- Department of Biology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Induction of heat shock proteins in the adult rat cerebral cortex following pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Brain Res 2011; 1368:271-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
30
|
Guo CH, Senzel A, Li K, Feng ZP. De novo protein synthesis of syntaxin-1 and dynamin-1 in long-term memory formation requires CREB1 gene transcription in Lymnaea stagnalis. Behav Genet 2010; 40:680-93. [PMID: 20563839 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-010-9374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Consolidation of aversive operant conditioning into long-term memory (LTM) requires CREB-dependent de novo protein synthesis. The newly synthesized proteins are distributed to the synapses in neurons that are involved in memory formation and storage. Accumulating evidence indicates that the presynaptic release mechanisms also play a role in long-term synaptic plasticity. Our understanding of whether the presynaptic proteins undergo de novo synthesis during long-term memory formation is limited. In this study, we investigated the involvement of syntaxin-1, a presynaptic exocytotic protein, and dynamin-1, an endocytotic protein, in the formation of long-term memory. We took advantage of a well-established aversive operant conditioning model of aerial respiratory behavior in the fresh water pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis, and demonstrated that the LTM formation is associated with increased expression of syntaxin-1 and dynamin-1, coincident with elevated levels of CREB1. Partial knockdown of CREB1 gene by double stranded RNA inhibition (dsRNAi) prior to operant conditioning prevented snails from memory consolidation, and reduced the expression of syntaxin-1 and dynamin-1 at both mRNA and protein levels. These findings suggest that CREB1-mediated gene expression is required for the LTM-induced up-regulation of synaptic proteins, syntaxin-1 and dynamin-1, in L. stagnalis. Our study thus offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms that mediate CREB1-dependent long-term memory formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Hui Guo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Multifaceted role of heat shock protein 70 in neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2010; 42:114-23. [PMID: 20354811 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-010-8116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) plays important roles in neural protection from stress by assisting cellular protein folding. In this review we discuss the current understanding of inducible and constitutive Hsp70 in maintaining and protecting neuronal synaptic function under normal and stressed conditions.
Collapse
|
32
|
Malik A, Buck LT. Adenosinergic modulation of neuronal activity in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. J Exp Biol 2010; 213:1126-32. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.033894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Adenosine has been termed a retaliatory metabolite and its neuroprotective effects have been implicated in the hypoxia tolerance of several species; however, its role in the invertebrate CNS remains unclear. To determine if adenosine modulates neuronal activity in invertebrate neurons, we conducted whole-cell recordings from neurons in the central ring ganglia of the anoxia-tolerant pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis during exposure to adenosine and pharmacological compounds known to modulate the type I subclass of adenosine receptors (A1R). Action potential (AP) frequency and membrane potential (Vm) were unchanged under control conditions, and addition of adenosine decreased AP frequency by 47% (from 1.08±0.22 to 0.57±0.14 Hz) and caused significant hyperpolarization of Vm. The A1R agonist cyclopentyladenosine (CPA) mimicked the results obtained with adenosine whereas antagonism of the A1R with 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) had no effect on AP frequency or Vm but prevented the adenosine and CPA-mediated decreases in neuronal activity. Furthermore, Ca2+ measurements with fluo-4 revealed that A1R activation led to a 12% increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and this elevation was also antagonized by DPCPX. Our results suggest that adenosine acting via the adenosine receptor (type I subclass) depresses neuronal activity in the adult L. stagnalis CNS and this depression is correlated with an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Malik
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Leslie Thomas Buck
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Taylor L, Midgley AW, Chrismas B, Madden LA, Vince RV, McNaughton LR. The effect of acute hypoxia on heat shock protein 72 expression and oxidative stress in vivo. Eur J Appl Physiol 2010; 109:849-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-010-1430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
34
|
Feng ZP, Zhang Z, van Kesteren RE, Straub VA, van Nierop P, Jin K, Nejatbakhsh N, Goldberg JI, Spencer GE, Yeoman MS, Wildering W, Coorssen JR, Croll RP, Buck LT, Syed NI, Smit AB. Transcriptome analysis of the central nervous system of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. BMC Genomics 2009; 10:451. [PMID: 19775440 PMCID: PMC2760584 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-10-451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2009] [Accepted: 09/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L. stagnalis) has served as a successful model for studies in the field of Neuroscience. However, a serious drawback in the molecular analysis of the nervous system of L. stagnalis has been the lack of large-scale genomic or neuronal transcriptome information, thereby limiting the use of this unique model. Results In this study, we report 7,712 distinct EST sequences (median length: 847 nucleotides) of a normalized L. stagnalis central nervous system (CNS) cDNA library, resulting in the largest collection of L. stagnalis neuronal transcriptome data currently available. Approximately 42% of the cDNAs can be translated into more than 100 consecutive amino acids, indicating the high quality of the library. The annotated sequences contribute 12% of the predicted transcriptome size of 20,000. Surprisingly, approximately 37% of the L. stagnalis sequences only have a tBLASTx hit in the EST library of another snail species Aplysia californica (A. californica) even using a low stringency e-value cutoff at 0.01. Using the same cutoff, approximately 67% of the cDNAs have a BLAST hit in the NCBI non-redundant protein and nucleotide sequence databases (nr and nt), suggesting that one third of the sequences may be unique to L. stagnalis. Finally, using the same cutoff (0.01), more than half of the cDNA sequences (54%) do not have a hit in nematode, fruitfly or human genome data, suggesting that the L. stagnalis transcriptome is significantly different from these species as well. The cDNA sequences are enriched in the following gene ontology functional categories: protein binding, hydrolase, transferase, and catalytic enzymes. Conclusion This study provides novel molecular insights into the transcriptome of an important molluscan model organism. Our findings will contribute to functional analyses in neurobiology, and comparative evolutionary biology. The L. stagnalis CNS EST database is available at .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z-P Feng
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang K, Zhao T, Huang X, Liu ZH, Xiong L, Li MM, Wu LY, Zhao YQ, Zhu LL, Fan M. Preinduction of HSP70 promotes hypoxic tolerance and facilitates acclimatization to acute hypobaric hypoxia in mouse brain. Cell Stress Chaperones 2009; 14:407-15. [PMID: 19105051 PMCID: PMC2728275 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-008-0094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Accepted: 11/25/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that induction of HSP70 by administration of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) leads to protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury. The present study was performed to determine the effect of GGA on the survival of mice and on brain damage under acute hypobaric hypoxia. The data showed that the mice injected with GGA survived significantly longer than control animals (survival time of 9.55 +/- 3.12 min, n = 16 vs. controls at 4.28 +/- 4.29 min, n = 15, P < 0.005). Accordingly, the cellular necrosis or degeneration of the hippocampus and the cortex induced by sublethal hypoxia for 6 h could be attenuated by preinjection with GGA, especially in the CA2 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus. In addition, the activity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) of the hippocampus and the cortex was increased after exposure to sublethal hypoxia for 6 h but could be inhibited by the preinjection of GGA. Furthermore, the expression of HSP70 was significantly increased at 1 h after GGA injection. These results suggest that administration of GGA improved survival rate and prevented acute hypoxic damage to the brain and that the underlying mechanism involved induction of HSP70 and inhibition of NOS activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Tong Zhao
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Zhao-hui Liu
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Ming-ming Li
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Li-ying Wu
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Yong-qi Zhao
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Ling-ling Zhu
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 China
| | - Ming Fan
- Department of Brain Protection and Plasticity, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850 China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Neural phosphoproteomics of a chronic hypoxia model—Lymnaea stagnalis. Neuroscience 2009; 161:621-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
37
|
Lewis SS, Keller SJ. Identification of copper-responsive genes in an early life stage of the fathead minnow Pimephales promelas. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2009; 18:281-292. [PMID: 19020976 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-008-0280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
While physiological changes associated with copper toxicity have been studied in adult fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, little is known about the effect of copper on newly hatched larvae. As a result we initiated an investigation on the mechanism of copper toxicity in 24 h post-hatch larvae using gene expression changes to identify responsive genes. Fish were exposed to copper concentrations of 0, 50, 125 and 200 mug/L in a 48 h toxicity test. Total RNA from survivors was used in a differential display assay to screen for differentially expressed gene products. Altogether, 654 copper-responsive differentially expressed bands were collected. Database searches found homology for 261 sequences. One hundred and sixty-one bands were homologous to NCBI genes of known function, of which 69 were individual genes. The most abundant categories of functional genes responding to copper were involved in protein synthesis/translational machinery and contractile proteins. Twenty-one dose-responsive genes were measured for expression changes using real-time quantitative PCR. Differential gene expression was validated for 11 of 13 genes, when a 1.2 times qPCR difference between the copper and control samples was observed. Transcripts identified as titin, cytochrome b, fast muscle specific heavy myosin chain 4, fast muscle troponin I, proteasome 26S subunit and troponin T3a were induced over twofold. Differential display bands identified as 60S ribosomal proteins L27 and L12 were repressed approximately threefold. We conclude that copper exposure affects several cellular pathways in larval fathead minnows with protein synthesis, ribosome structure, and muscle contractile proteins being the most sensitive to this stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solange S Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Browning K, Lukowiak K. Ketamine inhibits long-term, but not intermediate-term memory formation in Lymnaea stagnalis. Neuroscience 2008; 155:613-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
39
|
Electrophysiological and behavioral evidence demonstrating that predator detection alters adaptive behaviors in the snail Lymnaea. J Neurosci 2008; 28:2726-34. [PMID: 18337402 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5132-07.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress has been shown to both impair and enhance learning, long-term memory (LTM) formation, and/or its recall. The pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, both detects and responds to the scent of a crayfish predator with multiple stress-related behavioral responses. Using both behavioral and electrophysiological evidence, this investigation is a first attempt to characterize how an environmentally relevant stressor (scent of a predator) enhances LTM formation in Lymnaea. Using a training procedure that, in "standard" pond water (PW), results in an intermediate-term memory that persists for only 3 h, we found that training snails in "crayfish effluent" (CE) induces a memory that persists for 48 h (i.e., its now an LTM). In addition, if we use a training procedure that in PW produces an LTM that persists for 1 d, we find that snails trained in CE have an LTM that persists for at least 8 d. Furthermore, we describe how a single neuron (RPeD1), which has been shown to be a necessary site for LTM formation, reflects the behavioral changes in its firing properties that persist for the duration of the LTM. Finally, Lymnaea exhibit context-specific memory, that is, when a memory is formed in a specific context (food odorant), it is only recalled in that context. Here, we found that snails trained in CE demonstrate context generalization, that is, memory is recalled in multiple contexts. All data are consistent with the hypothesis that learning in a stressful, yet biologically relevant, environment enhances LTM and prolongs its retention.
Collapse
|
40
|
Fei GH, Feng ZP. Chronic hypoxia-induced alteration of presynaptic protein profiles and neurobehavioral dysfunction are averted by supplemental oxygen in Lymnaea stagnalis. Neuroscience 2008; 153:318-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 01/16/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
41
|
Farrar NR, Spencer GE. Pursuing a 'turning point' in growth cone research. Dev Biol 2008; 318:102-11. [PMID: 18436201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2008.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2007] [Revised: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Growth cones are highly motile structures found at the leading edge of developing and regenerating nerve processes. Their role in axonal pathfinding has been well established and many guidance cues that influence growth cone behavior have now been identified. Many studies are now providing insights into the transduction and integration of signals in the growth cone, though a full understanding of growth cone behavior still eludes us. This review focuses on recent studies adding to the growing body of literature on growth cone behavior, focusing particularly on the level of autonomy the growth cone possesses and the role of local protein synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Farrar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hui K, Feng ZP. NCS-1 differentially regulates growth cone and somata calcium channels in Lymnaea neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2008; 27:631-43. [PMID: 18279316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06023.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Local voltage-gated calcium channels, which regulate intracellular Ca2+ levels by allowing Ca2+ influx, play an important role in guiding and shaping growth cones, and in regulating the outgrowth and branching of neurites. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms that regulate the biophysical properties of whole-cell calcium currents in the growth cones and somata of growing neurons is important to improving our understanding of neuronal development and regeneration. In this study, taking advantage of the large size of the pedal A (PeA) neurons in Lymnaea stagnalis, we compared the biophysical properties of somata and growth cone whole-cell calcium channel currents using Ba2+ and Ca2+ as current carriers. We found that somata and growth cone currents exhibit similar high-voltage activation properties. However, Ba2+ and Ca2+ currents in growth cones and somata are differentially affected by a dominant-negative peptide containing the C-terminal amino acid sequence of neuronal calcium sensor-1 (NCS-1). The peptide selectively reduces the peak and sustained components of current densities and the slope conductance in growth cones, and shifts the reversal potential of the growth cone currents to more hyperpolarized voltages. In contrast, the peptide had no significant effect on the somata calcium channels. Thus, we conclude that NCS-1 differentially modulates Ca2+ currents in the somata and growth cones of regenerating neurons, and may serve as a key regulator to facilitate the growth cone calcium channel activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwokyin Hui
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A8
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gardzinski P, Lee DWK, Fei GH, Hui K, Huang GJ, Sun HS, Feng ZP. The role of synaptotagmin I C2A calcium-binding domain in synaptic vesicle clustering during synapse formation. J Physiol 2007; 581:75-90. [PMID: 17317745 PMCID: PMC2075219 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.127472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic vesicles aggregate at the presynaptic terminal during synapse formation via mechanisms that are poorly understood. Here we have investigated the role of the putative calcium sensor synaptotagmin I in vesicle aggregation during the formation of soma-soma synapses between identified partner cells using a simple in vitro synapse model in the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis. Immunocytochemistry, optical imaging and electrophysiological recording techniques were used to monitor synapse formation and vesicle localization. Within 6 h, contact between appropriate synaptic partner cells up-regulated global synaptotagmin I expression, and induced a localized aggregation of synaptotagmin I at the contact site. Cell contacts between non-synaptic partner cells did not affect synaptotagmin I expression. Application of an human immunodeficiency virus type-1 transactivator (HIV-1 TAT)-tagged peptide corresponding to loop 3 of the synaptotagmin I C2A domain prevented synaptic vesicle aggregation and synapse formation. By contrast, a TAT-tagged peptide containing the calcium-binding motif of the C2B domain did not affect synaptic vesicle aggregation or synapse formation. Calcium imaging with Fura-2 demonstrated that TAT-C2 peptides did not alter either basal or evoked intracellular calcium levels. These results demonstrate that contact with an appropriate target cell is necessary to initiate synaptic vesicle aggregation during nascent synapse formation and that the initial aggregation of synaptic vesicles is dependent on loop 3 of the C2A domain of synaptotagmin I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gardzinski
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 3306 MSB, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 1A8
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lehtonen HJ, Ylisaukko-oja SK, Kiuru M, Karhu A, Lehtonen R, Vanharanta S, Jalanko A, Aaltonen LA, Launonen V. Stress-induced expression of a novel variant of human fumarate hydratase (FH). Gene Expr 2007; 14:59-69. [PMID: 18257390 PMCID: PMC6042040 DOI: 10.3727/105221607783417592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fumarate hydratase (FH) is an enzyme of the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC). Here we report the characterization of a novel FH variant (FHv) that contains an alternative exon 1b, thus lacking the mitochondrial signal sequence. Distinct from mitochondrial FH, FHv localized to cytosol and nucleus and lacked FH enzyme activity. FHv was expressed ubiquitously in human fetal and adult tissues. Heat shock and prolonged hypoxia increased FHv expression in a cell line (HTB 115) by nine- and fourfold, respectively. These results suggest that FHv has an alternative function outside the TCAC related to cellular stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heli J. Lehtonen
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanna K. Ylisaukko-oja
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Kiuru
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Auli Karhu
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Lehtonen
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sakari Vanharanta
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Jalanko
- †National Public Health Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A. Aaltonen
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Launonen
- *Department of Medical Genetics, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|