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Lu G, Tran VNH, Wu W, Ma M, Li L. Neuropeptidomics of the American Lobster Homarus americanus. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1757-1767. [PMID: 38644788 PMCID: PMC11118981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is not only of considerable economic importance but has also emerged as a premier model organism in neuroscience research. Neuropeptides, an important class of cell-to-cell signaling molecules, play crucial roles in a wide array of physiological and psychological processes. Leveraging the recently sequenced high-quality draft genome of the American lobster, our study sought to profile the neuropeptidome of this model organism. Employing advanced mass spectrometry techniques, we identified 24 neuropeptide precursors and 101 unique mature neuropeptides in Homarus americanus. Intriguingly, 67 of these neuropeptides were discovered for the first time. Our findings provide a comprehensive overview of the peptidomic attributes of the lobster's nervous system and highlight the tissue-specific distribution of these neuropeptides. Collectively, this research not only enriches our understanding of the neuronal complexities of the American lobster but also lays a foundation for future investigations into the functional roles that these peptides play in crustacean species. The mass spectrometry data have been deposited in the PRIDE repository with the identifier PXD047230.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyuan Lu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Vu Ngoc Huong Tran
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Wenxin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Min Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States
- Lachman Institute for Pharmaceutical Development, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
- Wisconsin Center for NanoBioSystems, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
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2
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Harzsch S, Dircksen H, Hansson BS. Local olfactory interneurons provide the basis for neurochemical regionalization of olfactory glomeruli in crustaceans. J Comp Neurol 2021; 530:1399-1422. [PMID: 34843626 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The primary olfactory centers of metazoans as diverse as arthropods and mammals consist of an array of fields of dense synaptic neuropil, the olfactory glomeruli. However, the neurochemical structure of crustacean olfactory glomeruli is largely understudied when compared to the insects. We analyzed the glomerular architecture in selected species of hermit crabs using immunohistochemistry against presynaptic proteins, the neuropeptides orcokinin, RFamide and allatostatin, and the biogenic amine serotonin. Our study reveals an unexpected level of structural complexity, unmatched by what is found in the insect olfactory glomeruli. Peptidergic and aminergic interneurons provide the structural basis for a regionalization of the crustacean glomeruli into longitudinal and concentric compartments. Our data suggest that local olfactory interneurons take a central computational role in modulating the information transfer from olfactory sensory neurons to projection neurons within the glomeruli. Furthermore, we found yet unknown neuronal elements mediating lateral inhibitory interactions across the glomerular array that may play a central role in modulating the transfer of sensory input to the output neurons through presynaptic inhibition. Our study is another step in understanding the function of crustacean olfactory glomeruli as highly complex units of local olfactory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Harzsch
- Department of Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Bill S Hansson
- Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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3
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Polanska MA, Kirchhoff T, Dircksen H, Hansson BS, Harzsch S. Functional morphology of the primary olfactory centers in the brain of the hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus (Anomala, Coenobitidae). Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:449-467. [PMID: 32242250 PMCID: PMC7242284 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03199-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Terrestrial hermit crabs of the genus Coenobita display strong behavioral responses to volatile odors and are attracted by chemical cues of various potential food sources. Several aspects of their sense of aerial olfaction have been explored in recent years including behavioral aspects and structure of their peripheral and central olfactory pathway. Here, we use classical histological methods and immunohistochemistry against the neuropeptides orcokinin and allatostatin as well as synaptic proteins and serotonin to provide insights into the functional organization of their primary olfactory centers in the brain, the paired olfactory lobes. Our results show that orcokinin is present in the axons of olfactory sensory neurons, which target the olfactory lobe. Orcokinin is also present in a population of local olfactory interneurons, which may relay lateral inhibition across the array of olfactory glomeruli within the lobes. Extensive lateral connections of the glomeruli were also visualized using the histological silver impregnation method according to Holmes-Blest. This technique also revealed the structural organization of the output pathway of the olfactory system, the olfactory projection neurons, the axons of which target the lateral protocerebrum. Within the lobes, the course of their axons seems to be reorganized in an axon-sorting zone before they exit the system. Together with previous results, we combine our findings into a model on the functional organization of the olfactory system in these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Polanska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tina Kirchhoff
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Department of Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, 17498, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Heinrich Dircksen
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 18B, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bill S Hansson
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Harzsch
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Department of Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstrasse 23, 17498, Greifswald, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745, Jena, Germany.
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4
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Christie AE. Identification of putative neuropeptidergic signaling systems in the spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 20:2. [DOI: 10.1007/s10158-020-0235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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5
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Mast DH, Checco JW, Sweedler JV. Differential Post-Translational Amino Acid Isomerization Found among Neuropeptides in Aplysia californica. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:272-281. [PMID: 31877009 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
d-Amino acid-containing peptides (DAACPs) make up a class of post-translationally modified peptides in animals that play important roles as cell-to-cell signaling molecules. Despite the functional importance of l- to d-residue isomerization, little is known about its prevalence, mostly due to difficulties associated with detecting differences in peptide stereochemistry. Prior efforts to discover DAACPs have been largely focused on pursuing peptides based on homology to known DAACPs or DAACP-encoding precursors. Here, we used a combination of enzymatic screening, mass spectrometry, and chromatographic analysis to identify novel DAACPs in the central nervous system (CNS) of Aplysia californica. We identified five new DAACPs from the pleurin precursor and three DAACPs from previously uncharacterized proteins. In addition, two peptides from the pleurin precursor, Plrn2 and Plrn3, exist as DAACPs with the d-residue found at position 2 or 3. These differentially modified forms of Plrn2 and Plrn3 are located in specific regions of the animal's CNS. Plrn2 and Plrn3 appear to be the first animal DAACPs in which the d-residue is found at more than one position, and this suggests that l- to d-residue isomerization may be a more variable/dynamic modification than previously thought. Overall, this study demonstrates the utility of nontargeted DAACP discovery approaches for identifying new DAACPs and demonstrates that isomerization is prevalent throughout the CNS of A. californica.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Mast
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - James W. Checco
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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6
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Krieger J, Hörnig MK, Sandeman RE, Sandeman DC, Harzsch S. Masters of communication: The brain of the banded cleaner shrimp Stenopus hispidus (Olivier, 1811) with an emphasis on sensory processing areas. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1561-1587. [PMID: 31792962 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pan-tropic cleaner shrimp Stenopus hispidus (Crustacea, Stenopodidea) is famous for its specific cleaning behavior in association with client fish and an exclusively monogamous life-style. Cleaner shrimps feature a broad communicative repertoire, which is considered to depend on superb motor skills and the underlying mechanosensory circuits in combination with sensory organs. Their most prominent head appendages are the two pairs of very long biramous antennules and antennae, which are used both for attracting client fish and for intraspecific communication. Here, we studied the brain anatomy of several specimens of S. hispidus using histological sections, immunohistochemical labeling as well as X-ray microtomography in combination with 3D reconstructions. Furthermore, we investigated the morphology of antennules and antennae using fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Our analyses show that in addition to the complex organization of the multimodal processing centers, especially chemomechanosensory neuropils associated with the antennule and antenna are markedly pronounced when compared to the other neuropils of the central brain. We suggest that in their brains, three topographic maps are present corresponding to the sensory appendages. The brain areas which provide the neuronal substrate for these maps share distinct structural similarities to a unique extent in decapods, such as size and characteristic striated and perpendicular layering. We discuss our findings with respect to the sensory landscape within animal's habitat. In an evolutionary perspective, the cleaner shrimp's brain is an excellent example of how sensory potential and functional demands shape the architecture of primary chemomechanosensory processing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Krieger
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie K Hörnig
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Renate E Sandeman
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - David C Sandeman
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steffen Harzsch
- University of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Greifswald, Germany
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7
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Machon J, Krieger J, Meth R, Zbinden M, Ravaux J, Montagné N, Chertemps T, Harzsch S. Neuroanatomy of a hydrothermal vent shrimp provides insights into the evolution of crustacean integrative brain centers. eLife 2019; 8:e47550. [PMID: 31383255 PMCID: PMC6684273 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alvinocaridid shrimps are emblematic representatives of the deep hydrothermal vent fauna at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. They are adapted to a mostly aphotic habitat with extreme physicochemical conditions in the vicinity of the hydrothermal fluid emissions. Here, we investigated the brain architecture of the vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata to understand possible adaptations of its nervous system to the hydrothermal sensory landscape. Its brain is modified from the crustacean brain ground pattern by featuring relatively small visual and olfactory neuropils that contrast with well-developed higher integrative centers, the hemiellipsoid bodies. We propose that these structures in vent shrimps may fulfill functions in addition to higher order sensory processing and suggest a role in place memory. Our study promotes vent shrimps as fascinating models to gain insights into sensory adaptations to peculiar environmental conditions, and the evolutionary transformation of specific brain areas in Crustacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Machon
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS MNHN 7208 Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Equipe Adaptation aux Milieux ExtrêmesParisFrance
| | - Jakob Krieger
- Department of Cytology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and MuseumGreifswaldGermany
| | - Rebecca Meth
- Department of Cytology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and MuseumGreifswaldGermany
| | - Magali Zbinden
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS MNHN 7208 Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Equipe Adaptation aux Milieux ExtrêmesParisFrance
| | - Juliette Ravaux
- Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS MNHN 7208 Biologie des organismes et écosystèmes aquatiques (BOREA), Equipe Adaptation aux Milieux ExtrêmesParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Montagné
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- Sorbonne Université, UPEC, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, INRA, IRD, Institute of Ecology & Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris)ParisFrance
| | - Steffen Harzsch
- Department of Cytology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of Greifswald, Zoological Institute and MuseumGreifswaldGermany
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8
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Jiang X, Xiang F, Jia C, Buchberger AR, Li L. Relative Quantitation of Neuropeptides at Multiple Developmental Stages of the American Lobster Using N, N-Dimethyl Leucine Isobaric Tandem Mass Tags. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2054-2063. [PMID: 29357224 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulators and neurotransmitters play important roles in neural network development. The quantitative changes of these signaling molecules often reflect their regulatory roles in physiological processes. Currently, several commercial tags (e.g., iTRAQ and TMT) have been widely used in proteomics. With reduced cost and higher labeling efficiency, we employed a set of custom-developed N, N-dimethyl leucine (DiLeu) 4-plex isobaric tandem mass tags as an attractive alternative for the relative quantitation of neuropeptides in brain tissue of American lobster Homarus americanus at multiple developmental stages. A general workflow for isobaric labeling of neuropeptides followed by LC-MS/MS analysis has been developed, including optimized sample handling procedures. Overall, we were able to quantify 18 trace-amount neuropeptides from 6 different families using a single adult brain as a control. The quantitation results indicated that the expressions of different neuropeptide families had significant changes over distinct developmental stages. Additionally, our data revealed intriguing elevated expression of neuropeptides in the early juvenile development stage. The methodology presented here advanced the workflow of DiLeu as an alternative labeling approach and the application of DiLeu-based quantitative peptidomics, which can be extended to areas beyond neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Feng Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Chenxi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Amanda Rae Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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9
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Abstract
Colocalization of small-molecule and neuropeptide transmitters is common throughout the nervous system of all animals. The resulting co-transmission, which provides conjoint ionotropic ('classical') and metabotropic ('modulatory') actions, includes neuropeptide- specific aspects that are qualitatively different from those that result from metabotropic actions of small-molecule transmitter release. Here, we focus on the flexibility afforded to microcircuits by such co-transmission, using examples from various nervous systems. Insights from such studies indicate that co-transmission mediated even by a single neuron can configure microcircuit activity via an array of contributing mechanisms, operating on multiple timescales, to enhance both behavioural flexibility and robustness.
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10
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Brain architecture of the Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931 (Malacostraca, Dendrobranchiata): correspondence of brain structure and sensory input? Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:255-271. [PMID: 28389816 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Penaeus vannamei (Dendrobranchiata, Decapoda) is best known as the "Pacific White Shrimp" and is currently the most important crustacean in commercial aquaculture worldwide. Although the neuroanatomy of crustaceans has been well examined in representatives of reptant decapods ("ground-dwelling decapods"), there are only a few studies focusing on shrimps and prawns. In order to obtain insights into the architecture of the brain of P. vannamei, we use neuroanatomical methods including X-ray micro-computed tomography, 3D reconstruction and immunohistochemical staining combined with confocal laser-scanning microscopy and serial sectioning. The brain of P. vannamei exhibits all the prominent neuropils and tracts that characterize the ground pattern of decapod crustaceans. However, the size proportion of some neuropils is salient. The large lateral protocerebrum that comprises the visual neuropils as well as the hemiellipsoid body and medulla terminalis is remarkable. This observation corresponds with the large size of the compound eyes of these animals. In contrast, the remaining median part of the brain is relatively small. It is dominated by the paired antenna 2 neuropils, while the deutocerebral chemosensory lobes play a minor role. Our findings suggest that visual input from the compound eyes and mechanosensory input from the second pair of antennae are major sensory modalities, which this brain processes.
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11
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Christie AE, Roncalli V, Cieslak MC, Pascual MG, Yu A, Lameyer TJ, Stanhope ME, Dickinson PS. Prediction of a neuropeptidome for the eyestalk ganglia of the lobster Homarus americanus using a tissue-specific de novo assembled transcriptome. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 243:96-119. [PMID: 27823957 PMCID: PMC5796769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In silico transcriptome mining is a powerful tool for crustacean peptidome prediction. Using homology-based BLAST searches and a simple bioinformatics workflow, large peptidomes have recently been predicted for a variety of crustaceans, including the lobster, Homarus americanus. Interestingly, no in silico studies have been conducted on the eyestalk ganglia (lamina ganglionaris, medulla externa, medulla interna and medulla terminalis) of the lobster, although the eyestalk is the location of a major neuroendocrine complex, i.e., the X-organ-sinus gland system. Here, an H. americanus eyestalk ganglia-specific transcriptome was produced using the de novo assembler Trinity. This transcriptome was generated from 130,973,220 Illumina reads and consists of 147,542 unique contigs. Eighty-nine neuropeptide-encoding transcripts were identified from this dataset, allowing for the deduction of 62 distinct pre/preprohormones. Two hundred sixty-two neuropeptides were predicted from this set of precursors; the peptides include members of the adipokinetic hormone-corazonin-like peptide, allatostatin A, allatostatin B, allatostatin C, bursicon α, CCHamide, corazonin, crustacean cardioactive peptide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), CHH precursor-related peptide, diuretic hormone 31, diuretic hormone 44, eclosion hormone, elevenin, FMRFamide-like peptide, glycoprotein hormone α2, glycoprotein hormone β5, GSEFLamide, intocin, leucokinin, molt-inhibiting hormone, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, neuropeptide F, orcokinin, orcomyotropin, pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, pyrokinin, red pigment concentrating hormone, RYamide, short neuropeptide F, SIFamide, sulfakinin, tachykinin-related peptide and trissin families. The predicted peptides expand the H. americanus eyestalk ganglia neuropeptidome approximately 7-fold, and include 78 peptides new to the lobster. The transcriptome and predicted neuropeptidome described here provide new resources for investigating peptidergic signaling within/from the lobster eyestalk ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Vittoria Roncalli
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Matthew C Cieslak
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Micah G Pascual
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Andy Yu
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Tess J Lameyer
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04672, USA
| | - Meredith E Stanhope
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04672, USA
| | - Patsy S Dickinson
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04672, USA
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12
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Liang Z, Schmerberg CM, Li L. Mass spectrometric measurement of neuropeptide secretion in the crab, Cancer borealis, by in vivo microdialysis. Analyst 2016; 140:3803-13. [PMID: 25537886 DOI: 10.1039/c4an02016b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides (NPs), a unique and highly important class of signaling molecules across the animal kingdom, have been extensively characterized in the neuronal tissues of various crustaceans. Because many NPs are released into circulating fluid (hemolymph) and travel to distant sites in order to exhibit physiological effects, it is important to measure the secretion of these NPs from living animals. In this study, we report on extensive characterization of NPs released in the crab Cancer borealis by utilizing in vivo microdialysis to sample NPs from the hemolymph. We determined the necessary duration for collection of microdialysis samples, enabling more comprehensive identification of NP content while maintaining the temporal resolution of sampling. Analysis of in vivo microdialysates using a hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap™ Q-Exactive mass spectrometer revealed that more than 50 neuropeptides from 9 peptide families-including the allatostatin, RFamide, orcokinin, tachykinin-related peptide and RYamide families - were released into the circulatory system. The presence of these peptides both in neuronal tissues as well as in hemolymph indicates their putative hormonal roles, a finding that merits further investigation. Preliminary quantitative measurement of these identified NPs suggested several potential candidates that maybe associated with the circadian rhythm in Cancer borealis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidan Liang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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13
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Christie AE, Chi M, Lameyer TJ, Pascual MG, Shea DN, Stanhope ME, Schulz DJ, Dickinson PS. Neuropeptidergic Signaling in the American Lobster Homarus americanus: New Insights from High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145964. [PMID: 26716450 PMCID: PMC4696782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are the largest and most diverse class of molecules used for neurochemical communication, playing key roles in the control of essentially all aspects of physiology and behavior. The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is a crustacean of commercial and biomedical importance; lobster growth and reproduction are under neuropeptidergic control, and portions of the lobster nervous system serve as models for understanding the general principles underlying rhythmic motor behavior (including peptidergic neuromodulation). While a number of neuropeptides have been identified from H. americanus, and the effects of some have been investigated at the cellular/systems levels, little is currently known about the molecular components of neuropeptidergic signaling in the lobster. Here, a H. americanus neural transcriptome was generated and mined for sequences encoding putative peptide precursors and receptors; 35 precursor- and 41 receptor-encoding transcripts were identified. We predicted 194 distinct neuropeptides from the deduced precursor proteins, including members of the adipokinetic hormone-corazonin-like peptide, allatostatin A, allatostatin C, bursicon, CCHamide, corazonin, crustacean cardioactive peptide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), CHH precursor-related peptide, diuretic hormone 31, diuretic hormone 44, eclosion hormone, FLRFamide, GSEFLamide, insulin-like peptide, intocin, leucokinin, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, neuropeptide F, orcokinin, pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, pyrokinin, SIFamide, sulfakinin and tachykinin-related peptide families. While some of the predicted peptides are known H. americanus isoforms, most are novel identifications, more than doubling the extant lobster neuropeptidome. The deduced receptor proteins are the first descriptions of H. americanus neuropeptide receptors, and include ones for most of the peptide groups mentioned earlier, as well as those for ecdysis-triggering hormone, red pigment concentrating hormone and short neuropeptide F. Multiple receptors were identified for most peptide families. These data represent the most complete description of the molecular underpinnings of peptidergic signaling in H. americanus, and will serve as a foundation for future gene-based studies of neuropeptidergic control in the lobster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center and Technology, 6500 College Station, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Megan Chi
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center and Technology, 6500 College Station, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, United States of America
| | - Tess J. Lameyer
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine, 04672, United States of America
| | - Micah G. Pascual
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center and Technology, 6500 College Station, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, United States of America
| | - Devlin N. Shea
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine, 04672, United States of America
| | - Meredith E. Stanhope
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine, 04672, United States of America
| | - David J. Schulz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 218A LeFevre Hall, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, United States of America
| | - Patsy S. Dickinson
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine, 04672, United States of America
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14
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Krieger J, Braun P, Rivera NT, Schubart CD, Müller CH, Harzsch S. Comparative analyses of olfactory systems in terrestrial crabs (Brachyura): evidence for aerial olfaction? PeerJ 2015; 3:e1433. [PMID: 26713228 PMCID: PMC4690415 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptations to a terrestrial lifestyle occurred convergently multiple times during the evolution of the arthropods. This holds also true for the "true crabs" (Brachyura), a taxon that includes several lineages that invaded land independently. During an evolutionary transition from sea to land, animals have to develop a variety of physiological and anatomical adaptations to a terrestrial life style related to respiration, reproduction, development, circulation, ion and water balance. In addition, sensory systems that function in air instead of in water are essential for an animal's life on land. Besides vision and mechanosensory systems, on land, the chemical senses have to be modified substantially in comparison to their function in water. Among arthropods, insects are the most successful ones to evolve aerial olfaction. Various aspects of terrestrial adaptation have also been analyzed in those crustacean lineages that evolved terrestrial representatives including the taxa Anomala, Brachyura, Amphipoda, and Isopoda. We are interested in how the chemical senses of terrestrial crustaceans are modified to function in air. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the brains and more specifically the structure of the olfactory system of representatives of brachyuran crabs that display different degrees of terrestriality, from exclusively marine to mainly terrestrial. The methods we used included immunohistochemistry, detection of autofluorescence- and confocal microscopy, as well as three-dimensional reconstruction and morphometry. Our comparative approach shows that both the peripheral and central olfactory pathways are reduced in terrestrial members in comparison to their marine relatives, suggesting a limited function of their olfactory system on land. We conclude that for arthropod lineages that invaded land, evolving aerial olfaction is no trivial task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Krieger
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Department of Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Braun
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Department of Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicole T. Rivera
- Institute for Zoology, Department of Zoology & Evolution, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph D. Schubart
- Institute for Zoology, Department of Zoology & Evolution, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten H.G. Müller
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Department of General and Systematic Zoology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steffen Harzsch
- Zoological Institute and Museum, Department of Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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15
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Christie AE, Chi M. Prediction of the neuropeptidomes of members of the Astacidea (Crustacea, Decapoda) using publicly accessible transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) sequence data. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 224:38-60. [PMID: 26070255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The decapod infraorder Astacidea is comprised of clawed lobsters and freshwater crayfish. Due to their economic importance and their use as models for investigating neurochemical signaling, much work has focused on elucidating their neurochemistry, particularly their peptidergic systems. Interestingly, no astacidean has been the subject of large-scale peptidomic analysis via in silico transcriptome mining, this despite growing transcriptomic resources for members of this taxon. Here, the publicly accessible astacidean transcriptome shotgun assembly data were mined for putative peptide-encoding transcripts; these sequences were used to predict the structures of mature neuropeptides. One hundred seventy-six distinct peptides were predicted for Procambarus clarkii, including isoforms of adipokinetic hormone-corazonin-like peptide (ACP), allatostatin A (AST-A), allatostatin B, allatostatin C (AST-C) bursicon α, bursicon β, CCHamide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH)/ion transport peptide (ITP), diuretic hormone 31 (DH31), eclosion hormone (EH), FMRFamide-like peptide, GSEFLamide, intocin, leucokinin, neuroparsin, neuropeptide F, pigment dispersing hormone, pyrokinin, RYamide, short neuropeptide F (sNPF), SIFamide, sulfakinin and tachykinin-related peptide (TRP). Forty-six distinct peptides, including isoforms of AST-A, AST-C, bursicon α, CCHamide, CHH/ITP, DH31, EH, intocin, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, red pigment concentrating hormone, sNPF and TRP, were predicted for Pontastacus leptodactylus, with a bursicon β and a neuroparsin predicted for Cherax quadricarinatus. The identification of ACP is the first from a decapod, while the predictions of CCHamide, EH, GSEFLamide, intocin, neuroparsin and RYamide are firsts for the Astacidea. Collectively, these data greatly expand the catalog of known astacidean neuropeptides and provide a foundation for functional studies of peptidergic signaling in members of this decapod infraorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Megan Chi
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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16
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OuYang C, Chen B, Li L. High Throughput In Situ DDA Analysis of Neuropeptides by Coupling Novel Multiplex Mass Spectrometric Imaging (MSI) with Gas-Phase Fractionation. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2015; 26:1992-2001. [PMID: 26438126 PMCID: PMC4837696 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) is a powerful tool to map the spatial distribution of biomolecules on tissue sections. Recent developments of hybrid MS instruments allow combination of different types of data acquisition by various mass analyzers into a single MSI analysis, which reduces experimental time and sample consumptions. Here, using the well-characterized crustacean nervous system as a test-bed, we explore the utility of high resolution and accurate mass (HRAM) MALDI Orbitrap platform for enhanced in situ characterization of the neuropeptidome with improved chemical information. Specifically, we report on a multiplex-MSI method, which combines HRAM MSI with data dependent acquisition (DDA) tandem MS analysis in a single experiment. This method enables simultaneous mapping of neuropeptide distribution, sequence validation, and novel neuropeptide discovery in crustacean neuronal tissues. To enhance the dynamic range and efficiency of in situ DDA, we introduced a novel approach of fractionating full m/z range into several sub-mass ranges and embedding the setup using the multiplex-DDA-MSI scan events to generate pseudo fractionation before MS/MS scans. The division of entire m/z into multiple segments of m/z sub-ranges for MS interrogation greatly decreased the complexity of molecular species from tissue samples and the heterogeneity of the distribution and variation of intensities of m/z peaks. By carefully optimizing the experimental conditions such as the dynamic exclusion, the multiplex-DDA-MSI approach demonstrates better performance with broader precursor coverage, less biased MS/MS scans towards high abundance molecules, and improved quality of tandem mass spectra for low intensity molecular species. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanzi OuYang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Bingming Chen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Ave., Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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17
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Krenz WD, Parker AR, Rodgers E, Baro DJ. Monoaminergic tone supports conductance correlations and stabilizes activity features in pattern generating neurons of the lobster, Panulirus interruptus. Front Neural Circuits 2015; 9:63. [PMID: 26539083 PMCID: PMC4611060 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2015.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and computational studies demonstrate that different sets of intrinsic and synaptic conductances can give rise to equivalent activity patterns. This is because the balance of conductances, not their absolute values, defines a given activity feature. Activity-dependent feedback mechanisms maintain neuronal conductance correlations and their corresponding activity features. This study demonstrates that tonic nM concentrations of monoamines enable slow, activity-dependent processes that can maintain a correlation between the transient potassium current (IA) and the hyperpolarization activated current (Ih) over the long-term (i.e., regulatory change persists for hours after removal of modulator). Tonic 5 nM DA acted through an RNA interference silencing complex (RISC)- and RNA polymerase II-dependent mechanism to maintain a long-term positive correlation between IA and Ih in the lateral pyloric neuron (LP) but not in the pyloric dilator neuron (PD). In contrast, tonic 5 nM 5HT maintained a RISC-dependent positive correlation between IA and Ih in PD but not LP over the long-term. Tonic 5 nM OCT maintained a long-term negative correlation between IA and Ih in PD but not LP; however, it was only revealed when RISC was inhibited. This study also demonstrated that monoaminergic tone can also preserve activity features over the long-term: the timing of LP activity, LP duty cycle and LP spike number per burst were maintained by tonic 5 nM DA. The data suggest that low-level monoaminergic tone acts through multiple slow processes to permit cell-specific, activity-dependent regulation of ionic conductances to maintain conductance correlations and their corresponding activity features over the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna R Parker
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Edmund Rodgers
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Deborah J Baro
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University Atlanta, GA, USA
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18
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Ye H, Wang J, Zhang Z, Jia C, Schmerberg C, Catherman AD, Thomas PM, Kelleher NL, Li L. Defining the Neuropeptidome of the Spiny Lobster Panulirus interruptus Brain Using a Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry-Based Platform. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4776-91. [PMID: 26390183 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Decapod crustaceans are important animal models for neurobiologists due to their relatively simple nervous systems with well-defined neural circuits and extensive neuromodulation by a diverse set of signaling peptides. However, biochemical characterization of these endogenous neuropeptides is often challenging due to limited sequence information about these neuropeptide genes and the encoded preprohormones. By taking advantage of sequence homology in neuropeptides observed in related species using a home-built crustacean neuropeptide database, we developed a semi-automated sequencing strategy to characterize the neuropeptidome of Panulirus interruptus, an important aquaculture species, with few known neuropeptide preprohormone sequences. Our streamlined process searched the high mass accuracy and high-resolution data acquired on a LTQ-Orbitrap with a flexible algorithm in ProSight that allows for sequence discrepancy from reported sequences in our database, resulting in the detection of 32 neuropeptides, including 19 novel ones. We further improved the overall coverage to 51 neuropeptides with our multidimensional platform that employed multiple analytical techniques including dimethylation-assisted fragmentation, de novo sequencing using nanoliquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time-of-flight (nanoLC-ESI-Q-TOF), direct tissue analysis, and mass spectrometry imaging on matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)-TOF/TOF. The high discovery rate from this unsequenced model organism demonstrated the utility of our neuropeptide discovery pipeline and highlighted the advantage of utilizing multiple sequencing strategies. Collectively, our study expands the catalog of crustacean neuropeptides and more importantly presents an approach that can be adapted to exploring neuropeptidome from species that possess limited sequence information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, China.,School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | | | - Zichuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Chenxi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Claire Schmerberg
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Adam D Catherman
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Proteomics Center of Excellence and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Paul M Thomas
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Proteomics Center of Excellence and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Proteomics Center of Excellence and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University , 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States.,School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University , No. 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, China
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19
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QUANTITATIVE REEVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SHORT- AND LONG-TERM REMOVAL OF DESCENDING MODULATORY INPUTS ON THE PYLORIC RHYTHM OF THE CRAB, CANCER BOREALIS. eNeuro 2015; 2. [PMID: 25914899 PMCID: PMC4408878 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0058-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulatory inputs are known to strongly influence the intrinsic excitability of individual neurons and the networks in which the targets of modulation are found. It is therefore important to understand how nervous systems respond to altered neuromodulatory environments. The crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) receives descending neuromodulatory inputs from three anterior ganglia: the paired commissural ganglia (CoGs), and the single esophageal ganglion (OG). In this paper, we provide the first detailed and quantitative analyses of the short- and long-term effects of removal of these descending inputs (decentralization) on the pyloric rhythm of the STG. Thirty minutes after decentralization, the mean frequency of the pyloric rhythm dropped from 1.20 Hz in control to 0.52 Hz. Whereas the relative phase of pyloric neuron activity was approximately constant across frequency in the controls, after decentralization this changed markedly. Nine control preparations kept for 5–6 d in vitro maintained pyloric rhythm frequencies close to their initial values. Nineteen decentralized preparations kept for 5–6 d dropped slightly in frequency from those seen at 30 min following decentralization, but then displayed stable activity over 6 d. Bouts of higher frequency activity were intermittently seen in both control and decentralized preparations, but the bouts began earlier and were more frequent in the decentralized preparations. Although the bouts may indicate that the removal of the modulatory inputs triggered changes in neuronal excitability, these changes did not produce obvious long-lasting changes in the frequency of the decentralized preparations.
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20
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21
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Isaac RE, Kim YJ, Audsley N. The degradome and the evolution of Drosophila sex peptide as a ligand for the MIP receptor. Peptides 2014; 53:258-64. [PMID: 24398368 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The male sex peptide (SP) of Drosophila melanogaster has wide ranging effects on females, including rejection of courting males, increased egg production, changes to the feeding habit, increased synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and elevated locomotor activity during day-time. The peptide activates receptors in sensory neurons of the female reproductive tract and can also traverse into the hemolymph and reach the central nervous system. The SP receptor involved in rejection and egg-laying responses has been shown to be identical to the receptor for the evolutionary conserved myoinhibitory peptides (MIPs) that function as neuropeptides in both males and females. Intriguingly, MIPs cannot substitute for SP when either expressed in the male accessory glands or injected into virgin females. MIPs are linear peptides with an amidated C-terminus which protects them from cleavage by carboxypeptidases, but leaves them exposed to potential attack from aminopeptidase and endopeptidase activities. In contrast, the SP region responsible for eliciting the post-mating response is cyclic and has several hydroxyproline residues N-terminal to the disulfide bridge which is expected to protect the biological activity of SP from peptidases of the male accessory gland and seminal fluid. We now present in vitro data showing that SP is metabolically stable, whereas MIPs are much more susceptible to degradation by peptidases of the male accessory gland and the hemolymph of virgin female D. melanogaster. SP has evolved relatively recently as a MIP receptor ligand that is particularly well adapted to surviving in the hostile degradome of the male accessory gland and seminal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Elwyn Isaac
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - Young-Joon Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Neil Audsley
- The Food and Environmental Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
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22
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Stemmler EA, Barton EE, Esonu OK, Polasky DA, Onderko LL, Bergeron AB, Christie AE, Dickinson PS. C-terminal methylation of truncated neuropeptides: an enzyme-assisted extraction artifact involving methanol. Peptides 2013; 46:108-25. [PMID: 23714174 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are the largest class of signaling molecules used by nervous systems. Today, neuropeptide discovery commonly involves chemical extraction from a tissue source followed by mass spectrometric characterization. Ideally, the extraction procedure accurately preserves the sequence and any inherent modifications of the native peptides. Here, we present data showing that this is not always true. Specifically, we present evidence showing that, in the lobster Homarus americanus, the orcokinin family members, NFDEIDRSGFG-OMe and SSEDMDRLGFG-OMe, are non-native peptides generated from full-length orcokinin precursors as the result of a highly selective peptide modification (peptide truncation with C-terminal methylation) that occurs during extraction. These peptides were observed by MALDI-FTMS and LC-Q-TOFMS analyses when eyestalk ganglia were extracted in a methanolic solvent, but not when tissues were dissected, co-crystallized with matrix, and analyzed directly with methanol excluded from the sample preparation. The identity of NFDEIDRSGFG-OMe was established using MALDI-FTMS/SORI-CID, LC-Q-TOFMS/MS, and comparison with a peptide standard. Extraction substituting deuterated methanol for methanol confirmed that the latter is the source of the C-terminal methyl group, and MS/MS confirmed the C-terminal localization of the added CD3. Surprisingly, NFDEIDRSGFG-OMe is not produced via a chemical acid-catalyzed esterification. Instead, the methylated peptide appears to result from proteolytic truncation in the presence of methanol, as evidenced by a reduction in conversion with the addition of a protease-inhibitor cocktail; heat effectively eliminated the conversion. This unusual and highly specific extraction-derived peptide conversion exemplifies the need to consider both chemical and biochemical processes that may modify the structure of endogenous neuropeptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Stemmler
- Department of Chemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA.
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23
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Hui L, D’Andrea BT, Jia C, Liang Z, Christie AE, Li L. Mass spectrometric characterization of the neuropeptidome of the ghost crab Ocypode ceratophthalma (Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 184:22-34. [PMID: 23298572 PMCID: PMC3684161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The horn-eyed ghost crab Ocypode ceratophthalma is a terrestrial brachyuran native to the Indo-Pacific region, including the islands of Hawaii. Here, multiple mass spectrometric platforms, including matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS) and nanoflow liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (nanoLC-ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS), were used to characterize the neuropeptidome of this species. In total, 156 peptide paracrines/hormones, representing 15 peptide families, were identified from the O. ceratophthalma supraesophageal ganglion (brain), eyestalk ganglia, pericardial organ and/or sinus gland, including 59 neuropeptides de novo sequenced here for the first time. Among the de novo sequenced peptides were isoforms of A-type allatostatin, B-type allatostatin, FMRFamide-like peptide (FLP), orcokinin, orcomyotropin and RYamide. Of particular note, were several novel FLPs including DVRAPALRLRFamide, an isoform of short neuropeptide F, and NRSNLRFamide, the orcokinins NFDEIDRSGYGFV and DFDEIDRSSFGFH, which exhibit novel Y for F and D for N substitutions at positions 10 and 1, respectively, and FDAYTTGFGHS, a member of the orcomyotropin family exhibiting a novel Y for F substitution at position 4. Taken collectively, the set of peptides described here represents the largest number of neuropeptides thus far characterized via mass spectrometry from any single crustacean, and provides a framework for future investigations of the physiological roles played by these molecules in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Hui
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396, USA
| | - Brandon T. D’Andrea
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology Pacific Biosciences Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa 1993 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
| | - Chenxi Jia
- School of Pharmacy University of Wisconsin 777 Highland Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
| | - Zhidan Liang
- School of Pharmacy University of Wisconsin 777 Highland Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
| | - Andrew E. Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology Pacific Biosciences Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa 1993 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA
- Correspondence to either: Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. Phone: 808-956-5212; FAX: 808-956-6984; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA; Phone: 608-265-8491; Fax: 608-262-5345;
| | - Lingun Li
- Department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin 1101 University Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396, USA
- School of Pharmacy University of Wisconsin 777 Highland Avenue Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA
- Correspondence to either: Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA. Phone: 808-956-5212; FAX: 808-956-6984; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705-2222, USA; Phone: 608-265-8491; Fax: 608-262-5345;
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24
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Ye H, Hui L, Kellersberger K, Li L. Mapping of neuropeptides in the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system by imaging mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:134-47. [PMID: 23192703 PMCID: PMC3554855 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0502-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Considerable effort has been devoted to characterizing the crustacean stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) with great emphasis on comprehensive analysis and mapping distribution of its diverse neuropeptide complement. Previously, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has been applied to this endeavor, yet with identification accuracy and throughput compromised. Therefore, molecular imaging methods are pursued to unequivocally determine the identity and location of the neuropeptides at a high spatial resolution. In this work, we developed a novel, multi-faceted mass spectrometric strategy combining profiling and imaging techniques to characterize and map neuropeptides from the blue crab Callinectes sapidus STNS at the network level. In total, 55 neuropeptides from 10 families were identified from the major ganglia in the C. sapidus STNS for the first time, including the stomatogastric ganglion (STG), the paired commissural ganglia (CoG), the esophageal ganglion (OG), and the connecting nerve stomatogastric nerve (stn) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) and the MS/MS capability of this technique. In addition, the locations of multiple neuropeptides were documented at a spatial resolution of 25 μm in the STG and upstream nerve using MALDI-TOF/TOF and high-mass-resolution and high-mass-accuracy MALDI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) instrument. Furthermore, distributions of neuropeptides in the whole C. sapidus STNS were examined by imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). Different isoforms from the same family were simultaneously and unambiguously mapped, facilitating the functional exploration of neuropeptides present in the crustacean STNS and exemplifying the revolutionary role of this novel platform in neuronal network studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ye
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
| | - Limei Hui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
| | | | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705-2222, USA
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25
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Polanska MA, Tuchina O, Agricola H, Hansson BS, Harzsch S. Neuropeptide complexity in the crustacean central olfactory pathway: immunolocalization of A-type allatostatins and RFamide-like peptides in the brain of a terrestrial hermit crab. Mol Brain 2012; 5:29. [PMID: 22967845 PMCID: PMC3523048 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the olfactory system of malacostracan crustaceans, axonal input from olfactory receptor neurons associated with aesthetascs on the animal's first pair of antennae target primary processing centers in the median brain, the olfactory lobes. The olfactory lobes are divided into cone-shaped synaptic areas, the olfactory glomeruli where afferents interact with local olfactory interneurons and olfactory projection neurons. The local olfactory interneurons display a large diversity of neurotransmitter phenotypes including biogenic amines and neuropeptides. Furthermore, the malacostracan olfactory glomeruli are regionalized into cap, subcap, and base regions and these compartments are defined by the projection patterns of the afferent olfactory receptor neurons, the local olfactory interneurons, and the olfactory projection neurons. We wanted to know how neurons expressing A-type allatostatins (A-ASTs; synonym dip-allatostatins) integrate into this system, a large family of neuropeptides that share the C-terminal motif -YXFGLamide. RESULTS We used an antiserum that was raised against the A-type Diploptera punctata (Dip)-allatostatin I to analyse the distribution of this peptide in the brain of a terrestrial hermit crab, Coenobita clypeatus (Anomura, Coenobitidae). Allatostatin A-like immunoreactivity (ASTir) was widely distributed in the animal's brain, including the visual system, central complex and olfactory system. We focussed our analysis on the central olfactory pathway in which ASTir was abundant in the primary processing centers, the olfactory lobes, and also in the secondary centers, the hemiellipsoid bodies. In the olfactory lobes, we further explored the spatial relationship of olfactory interneurons with ASTir to interneurons that synthesize RFamide-like peptides. We found that these two peptides are present in distinct populations of local olfactory interneurons and that their synaptic fields within the olfactory glomeruli are also mostly distinct. CONCLUSIONS We discuss our findings against the background of the known neurotransmitter complexity in the crustacean olfactory pathway and summarize what is now about the neuronal connectivity in the olfactory glomeruli. A-type allatostatins, in addition to their localization in protocerebral brain areas, seem to be involved in modulating the olfactory signal at the level of the deutocerebrum. They contribute to the complex local circuits within the crustacean olfactory glomeruli the connectivity within which as yet is completely unclear. Because the glomeruli of C. clypeatus display a distinct pattern of regionalization, their olfactory systems form an ideal model to explore the functional relevance of glomerular compartments and diversity of local olfactory interneurons for olfactory processing in crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Polanska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Street, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
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Jiang X, Chen R, Wang J, Metzler A, Tlusty M, Li L. Mass spectral charting of neuropeptidomic expression in the stomatogastric ganglion at multiple developmental stages of the lobster Homarus americanus. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:439-50. [PMID: 22860213 DOI: 10.1021/cn200107v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the American lobster Homarus americanus serves as a useful model for studies of neuromodulatory substances such as peptides and their roles in the generation of rhythmic behaviors. As a central component of the STNS, the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) is rich in neuropeptides and contains well-defined networks of neurons, serving as an excellent model system to study the effect of neuropeptides on the maturation of neural circuits. Here, we utilize multiple mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques to study the neuropeptide content and abundance in the STG tissue as related to the developmental stage of the animal. Capillary electrophoresis (CE)-MS was employed to unambiguously identify low abundance neuropeptide complements, which were not fully addressed using previous methods. In total, 35 neuropeptides from 7 different families were detected in the tissue samples. Notably, 10 neuropeptides have been reported for the first time in this study. In addition, we utilized a relative quantitation method to compare neuropeptidomic expression at different developmental stages and observed sequential appearance of several neuropeptides. Multiple isoforms within the same peptide family tend to show similar trends of changes in relative abundance during development. We also determined that the relative abundances of tachykinin peptides increase as the lobster grows, suggesting that the maturation of circuit output may be influenced by the change of neuromodulatory input into the STG. Collectively, this study expands our knowledge about neuropeptides in the crustacean STNS and provides useful information about neuropeptide expression in the maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Jiang
- School of
Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777
Highland Avenue, Madison,
Wisconsin 53705-2222, United States
| | - Ruibing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706-1396, United States
- Research Center of Basic Medical
Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
300070, China
| | - Junhua Wang
- School of
Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777
Highland Avenue, Madison,
Wisconsin 53705-2222, United States
| | - Anita Metzler
- Lobster Research and Rearing Facility, Edgerton Research Laboratory, New England Aquarium,
Central Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110-3399, United States
| | - Michael Tlusty
- Lobster Research and Rearing Facility, Edgerton Research Laboratory, New England Aquarium,
Central Wharf, Boston, Massachusetts 02110-3399, United States
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of
Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, 777
Highland Avenue, Madison,
Wisconsin 53705-2222, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, 1101 University Avenue, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706-1396, United States
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Krieger J, Sombke A, Seefluth F, Kenning M, Hansson BS, Harzsch S. Comparative brain architecture of the European shore crab Carcinus maenas (Brachyura) and the common hermit crab Pagurus bernhardus (Anomura) with notes on other marine hermit crabs. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 348:47-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Christie AE, Stemmler EA, Dickinson PS. Crustacean neuropeptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:4135-69. [PMID: 20725764 PMCID: PMC11115526 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Crustaceans have long been used for peptide research. For example, the process of neurosecretion was first formally demonstrated in the crustacean X-organ-sinus gland system, and the first fully characterized invertebrate neuropeptide was from a shrimp. Moreover, the crustacean stomatogastric and cardiac nervous systems have long served as models for understanding the general principles governing neural circuit functioning, including modulation by peptides. Here, we review the basic biology of crustacean neuropeptides, discuss methodologies currently driving their discovery, provide an overview of the known families, and summarize recent data on their control of physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Christie
- Program in Neuroscience, John W. and Jean C. Boylan Center for Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Old Bar Harbor Road, P.O. Box 35, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA.
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Chen R, Jiang X, Conaway MCP, Mohtashemi I, Hui L, Viner R, Li L. Mass spectral analysis of neuropeptide expression and distribution in the nervous system of the lobster Homarus americanus. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:818-32. [PMID: 20025296 DOI: 10.1021/pr900736t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The lobster Homarus americanus has long served as an important animal model for electrophysiological and behavioral studies. Using this model, we performed a comprehensive investigation of the neuropeptide expression and their localization in the nervous system, which provides useful insights for further understanding of their biological functions. Using nanoLC ESI Q-TOF MS/MS and three types of MALDI instruments, we analyzed the neuropeptide complements in a major neuroendocrine structure, pericardial organ. A total of 57 putative neuropeptides were identified and 18 of them were de novo sequenced. Using direct tissue/extract analysis and bioinformatics software SpecPlot, we charted the global distribution of neuropeptides throughout the nervous system in H. americanus. Furthermore, we also mapped the localization of several neuropeptide families in the brain by high mass resolution and high mass accuracy mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) using a MALDI LTQ Orbitrap mass spectrometer. We have also compared the utility and instrument performance of multiple mass spectrometers for neuropeptide analysis in terms of peptidome coverage, sensitivity, mass spectral resolution and capability for de novo sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Chen
- Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, USA
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Vázquez-Acevedo N, Rivera NM, Torres-González AM, Rullan-Matheu Y, Ruíz-Rodríguez EA, Sosa MA. GYRKPPFNGSIFamide (Gly-SIFamide) modulates aggression in the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2009; 217:313-26. [PMID: 20040755 PMCID: PMC2892311 DOI: 10.1086/bblv217n3p313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a tropical crustacean with characteristics similar to those of lobsters and crayfish. Adult males develop through three morphological types-small (SC), yellow (YC), and blue claws (BC)-with each representing a level in the dominance hierarchy of a group, BC males being the most dominant. We are interested in understanding the role played by neuropeptides in the mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior and the establishment of dominance hierarchies in this type of prawn. SIFamides are a family of arthropod peptides recently identified in the central nervous system of insects and crustaceans, where it has been linked to olfaction, sexual behavior, and gut endocrine functions. One of the six SIFamide isoforms, GYRKPPFNGSIFamide (Gly-SIFamide), is highly conserved among decapod crustaceans such as crabs and crayfish. We wanted to determine whether Gly-SIFamide plays a role in modulating aggression and dominant behavior in the prawn. To do this, we performed behavioral experiments in which interactions between BC/YC pairs were recorded and quantified before and after injecting Gly-SIFamide directly into the circulating hemolymph of the living animal. Behavioral data showed that aggression among interacting BC/YC prawns was enhanced by injection of Gly-SIFamide, suggesting that this neuropeptide does have a modulatory role for this type of behavior in the prawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nietzell Vázquez-Acevedo
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, University of Puerto Rico, PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936-5067
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Modulation of stomatogastric rhythms. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2009; 195:989-1009. [PMID: 19823843 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-009-0483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuromodulation by peptides and amines is a primary source of plasticity in the nervous system as it adapts the animal to an ever-changing environment. The crustacean stomatogastric nervous system is one of the premier systems to study neuromodulation and its effects on motor pattern generation at the cellular level. It contains the extensively modulated central pattern generators that drive the gastric mill (chewing) and pyloric (food filtering) rhythms. Neuromodulators affect all stages of neuronal processing in this system, from membrane currents and synaptic transmission in network neurons to the properties of the effector muscles. The ease with which distinct neurons are identified and their activity is recorded in this system has provided considerable insight into the mechanisms by which neuromodulators affect their target cells and modulatory neuron function. Recent evidence suggests that neuromodulators are involved in homeostatic processes and that the modulatory system itself is under modulatory control, a fascinating topic whose surface has been barely scratched. Future challenges include exploring the behavioral conditions under which these systems are activated and how their effects are regulated.
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Sasaki K, Satomi Y, Takao T, Minamino N. Snapshot peptidomics of the regulated secretory pathway. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1638-47. [PMID: 19339239 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900044-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons and endocrine cells have the regulated secretory pathway (RSP) in which precursor proteins undergo proteolytic processing by prohormone convertase (PC) 1/3 or 2 to generate bioactive peptides. Although motifs for PC-mediated processing have been described ((R/K)X(n)(R/K) where n = 0, 2, 4, or 6), actual processing sites cannot be predicted from amino acid sequences alone. We hypothesized that discovery of bioactive peptides would be facilitated by experimentally identifying signal peptide cleavage sites and processing sites. However, in vivo and in vitro peptide degradation, which is widely recognized in peptidomics, often hampers processing site determination. To obtain sequence information about peptides generated in the RSP on a large scale, we applied a brief exocytotic stimulus (2 min) to cultured endocrine cells and analyzed peptides released into supernatant using LC-MSMS. Of note, 387 of the 400 identified peptides arose from 19 precursor proteins known to be processed in the RSP, including nine peptide hormone and neuropeptide precursors, seven granin-like proteins, and three processing enzymes (PC1/3, PC2, and peptidyl-glycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase). In total, 373 peptides were informative enough to predict processing sites in that they have signal sequence cleavage sites, PC consensus sites, or monobasic cleavage sites. Several monobasic cleavage sites identified here were previously proved to be generated by PCs. Thus, our approach helps to predict processing sites of RSP precursor proteins and will expedite the identification of unknown bioactive peptides hidden in precursor sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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Dickinson PS, Stemmler EA, Barton EE, Cashman CR, Gardner NP, Rus S, Brennan HR, McClintock TS, Christie AE. Molecular, mass spectral, and physiological analyses of orcokinins and orcokinin precursor-related peptides in the lobster Homarus americanus and the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Peptides 2009; 30:297-317. [PMID: 19007832 PMCID: PMC5717512 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently, cDNAs encoding prepro-orcokinins were cloned from the crayfish Procambarus clarkii; these cDNAs encode multiple copies of four orcokinin isoforms as well as several other peptides. Using the translated open reading frames of the P. clarkii transcripts as queries, five ESTs encoding American lobster Homarus americanus orthologs were identified via BLAST analysis. From these clones, three cDNAs, each encoding one of two distinct prepro-hormones, were characterized. Predicted processing of the deduced prepro-hormones would generate 13 peptides, 12 of which are conserved between the 2 precursors: the orcokinins NFDEIDRSGFGFN (3 copies), NFDEIDRSGFGFH (2 copies) and NFDEIDRSGFGFV (2 copies), FDAFTTGFGHN (an orcomyotropin-related peptide), SSEDMDRLGFGFN, GDY((SO3))DVYPE, VYGPRDIANLY and SAE. Additionally, one of two longer peptides (GPIKVRFLSAIFIPIAAPARSSPQQDAAAGYTDGAPV or APARSSPQQDAAAGYTDGAPV) is predicted from each prepro-hormone. MALDI-FTMS analyses confirmed the presence of all predicted orcokinins, the orcomyotropin-related peptide, and three precursor-related peptides, SSEDMDRLGFGFN, GDYDVYPE (unsulfated) and VYGPRDIANLY, in H. americanus neural tissues. SAE and the longer, unshared peptides were not detected. Similar complements of peptides are predicted from P. clarkii transcripts; the majority of these were detected in its neural tissues with mass spectrometry. Truncated orcokinins not predicted from any precursor were also detected in both species. Consistent with previous studies in the crayfish Orconectes limosus, NFDEIDRSGFGFN increased mid-/hindgut motility in P. clarkii. Surprisingly, the same peptide, although native to H. americanus, did not affect gut motility in this species. Together, our results provide the framework for future investigations of the regulation and physiological function of orcokinins/orcokinin precursor-related peptides in astacideans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patsy S. Dickinson
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011 USA
- Correspondence to either: Dr. Patsy S. Dickinson, Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011. Phone: 207-725-3581; FAX: 207-725-3405; ; Dr. Andrew E. Christie, Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 USA. Phone: 207-288-9880 ext. 284; FAX: 207-288-2130;
| | - Elizabeth A. Stemmler
- Department of Chemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011 USA
| | - Elizabeth E. Barton
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011 USA
| | - Christopher R. Cashman
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011 USA
| | - Noah P. Gardner
- Department of Chemistry, Bowdoin College, 6600 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011 USA
| | - Szymon Rus
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011 USA
| | - Henry R. Brennan
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine 04011 USA
| | - Timothy S. McClintock
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298 USA
| | - Andrew E. Christie
- Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, Maine 04672 USA
- Correspondence to either: Dr. Patsy S. Dickinson, Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04011. Phone: 207-725-3581; FAX: 207-725-3405; ; Dr. Andrew E. Christie, Center for Marine Functional Genomics, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 35, Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672 USA. Phone: 207-288-9880 ext. 284; FAX: 207-288-2130;
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Developmental regulation of neuromodulator function in the stomatogastric ganglion of the lobster, Homarus americanus. J Neurosci 2008; 28:9828-39. [PMID: 18815267 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2328-08.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuromodulatory substances have profound effects on the two motor patterns generated by the adult crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG), the gastric mill rhythm and the pyloric rhythm. Developmentally regulated changes in the modulatory functions of neuromodulators could therefore play an important role in the maturation of the output from the developing STG. We compared the effects of neuromodulators on isolated embryonic and adult STG of the lobster, Homarus americanus. Bath application of Val(1)-SIFamide, a peptide whose expression is different in embryos and adults, activated different neuron classes in embryos and adults. Cancer borealis tachykinin-related peptide 1a, a peptide that does not appear in the terminals of modulatory neurons in the STG until after embryonic development, also produced different motor patterns in embryos and adults. In contrast, red pigment concentrating hormone, a peptide with a similar distribution in the STNS across development, produced similar motor patterns in embryonic and adult STG. Proctolin, serotonin, and allatostatin were also physiologically active on the isolated embryonic STG. Together, these results demonstrate that receptors to many neuromodulators are present and functional on STG neurons before the motor patterns of the stomatogastric nervous system are mature. Moreover, neuromodulator responses change during development, perhaps contributing to the maturation of the output from the stomatogastric nervous system.
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Rehm KJ, Taylor AL, Pulver SR, Marder E. Spectral analyses reveal the presence of adult-like activity in the embryonic stomatogastric motor patterns of the lobster, Homarus americanus. J Neurophysiol 2008; 99:3104-22. [PMID: 18367701 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00042.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the embryonic lobster is rhythmically active prior to hatching, before the network is needed for feeding. In the adult lobster, two rhythms are typically observed: the slow gastric mill rhythm and the more rapid pyloric rhythm. In the embryo, rhythmic activity in both embryonic gastric mill and pyloric neurons occurs at a similar frequency, which is slightly slower than the adult pyloric frequency. However, embryonic motor patterns are highly irregular, making traditional burst quantification difficult. Consequently, we used spectral analysis to analyze long stretches of simultaneous recordings from muscles innervated by gastric and pyloric neurons in the embryo. This analysis revealed that embryonic gastric mill neurons intermittently produced pauses and periods of slower activity not seen in the recordings of the output from embryonic pyloric neurons. The slow activity in the embryonic gastric mill neurons increased in response to the exogenous application of Cancer borealis tachykinin-related peptide 1a (CabTRP), a modulatory peptide that appears in the inputs to the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) late in larval development. These results suggest that the STG network can express adult-like rhythmic behavior before fully differentiated adult motor patterns are observed, and that the maturation of the neuromodulatory inputs is likely to play a role in the eventual establishment of the adult motor patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina J Rehm
- Volen Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA
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