1
|
He L, Sato JE, Sundar P, Azimi T, Beachy PA, Bekale LA, Pepper JP. Localized application of SAG21k-loaded fibrin hydrogels for targeted modulation of the hedgehog pathway in facial nerve injury. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131747. [PMID: 38670196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Given the broad biological effects of the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway, there is potential clinical value in local application of Hh pathway modulators to restrict pathway activation of target tissues and avoid systemic pathway activation. One option to limit Hh pathway activation is using fibrin hydrogels to deliver pathway modulators directly to tissues of interest, bypassing systemic distribution of the drug. In this study, we loaded the potent Hh pathway agonist, SAG21k, into fibrin hydrogels. We describe the binding between fibrin and SAG21k and achieve sustained release of the drug in vitro. SAG21k-loaded fibrin hydrogels exhibit strong biological activity in vitro, using a pathway-specific reporter cell line. To test in vivo activity, we used a mouse model of facial nerve injury. Application of fibrin hydrogels is a common adjunct to surgical nerve repair, and the Hh pathway is known to play an important role in facial nerve injury and regeneration. Local application of the Hh pathway agonist SAG21k using a fibrin hydrogel applied to the site of facial nerve injury successfully activates the Hh pathway in treated nerve tissue. Importantly, this method appears to avoid systemic pathway activation when Hh-responsive organs are analyzed for transcriptional pathway activation. This method of local tissue Hh pathway agonist administration allows for effective pathway targeting surgically accessible tissues and may have translational value in situations where supranormal pathway activation is therapeutic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili He
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Justine Esther Sato
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Praveen Sundar
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Tannaz Azimi
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Philip Arden Beachy
- Departments of Urology, and Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States; Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Laurent Adonis Bekale
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| | - Jon-Paul Pepper
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine; 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zou Y, Wu S, Hu Q, Zhou H, Ge Y, Ju Z, Luo S. Sonic hedgehog restrains the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of SP1 to inhibit neuronal/glial senescence associated phenotypes in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy via the TRIM25-CXCL13 axis. J Adv Res 2024:S2090-1232(24)00106-1. [PMID: 38479571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common complication that affects an increasing number of cancer survivors. However, the current treatment options for CIPN are limited. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that induces senescence in cancer cells. While previous studies have demonstrated that Sonic hedgehog (Shh) can counteract cellular dysfunction during aging, its role in CIPN remains unknown. OBJECTIVES Herein, the aim of this study was to investigate whether Shh activation could inhibits neuronal/glial senescence and alleviates CIPN. METHODS We treated ND7/23 neuronal cells and RSC96 Schwann cells with two selective Shh activators (purmorphamine [PUR] and smoothened agonist [SAG]) in the presence of PTX. Additionally, we utilized a CIPN mouse model induced by PTX injection. To assess cellular senescence, we performed a senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assay, measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and examined the expression of P16, P21, and γH2AX. To understand the underlying mechanisms, we conducted ubiquitin assays, LC-MS/MS, H&E staining, and assessed protein expression through Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS In vitro, we observed that Shh activation significantly alleviated the senescence-related decline in multiple functions included SA-β-gal activity, expression of P16 and P21, cell viability, and ROS accumulation in DRG sensory neurons and Schwann cells after PTX exposure. Furthermore, our in vivo experiments demonstrated that Shh activation significantly reduced axonal degeneration, demyelination, and improved nerve conduction. Mechanistically, we discovered that PTX reduced the protein level of SP1, which was ubiquitinated by the E3 ligase TRIM25 at the lysine 694 (K694), leading to increased CXCL13 expression, and we found that Shh activation inhibited PTX-induced neuronal/glial senescence and CIPN through the TRIM25-SP1-CXCL13 axis. CONCLUSION These findings provide evidence for the role of PTX-induced senescence in DRG sensory neurons and Schwann cells, suggesting that Shh could be a potential therapeutic target for CIPN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zou
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoxian Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanlong Ge
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhenyu Ju
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Shengkang Luo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Postdoctoral Research Station of Biology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gordon T. Brief Electrical Stimulation Promotes Recovery after Surgical Repair of Injured Peripheral Nerves. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:665. [PMID: 38203836 PMCID: PMC10779324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Injured peripheral nerves regenerate their axons in contrast to those in the central nervous system. Yet, functional recovery after surgical repair is often disappointing. The basis for poor recovery is progressive deterioration with time and distance of the growth capacity of the neurons that lose their contact with targets (chronic axotomy) and the growth support of the chronically denervated Schwann cells (SC) in the distal nerve stumps. Nonetheless, chronically denervated atrophic muscle retains the capacity for reinnervation. Declining electrical activity of motoneurons accompanies the progressive fall in axotomized neuronal and denervated SC expression of regeneration-associated-genes and declining regenerative success. Reduced motoneuronal activity is due to the withdrawal of synaptic contacts from the soma. Exogenous neurotrophic factors that promote nerve regeneration can replace the endogenous factors whose expression declines with time. But the profuse axonal outgrowth they provoke and the difficulties in their delivery hinder their efficacy. Brief (1 h) low-frequency (20 Hz) electrical stimulation (ES) proximal to the injury site promotes the expression of endogenous growth factors and, in turn, dramatically accelerates axon outgrowth and target reinnervation. The latter ES effect has been demonstrated in both rats and humans. A conditioning ES of intact nerve days prior to nerve injury increases axonal outgrowth and regeneration rate. Thereby, this form of ES is amenable for nerve transfer surgeries and end-to-side neurorrhaphies. However, additional surgery for applying the required electrodes may be a hurdle. ES is applicable in all surgeries with excellent outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Gordon
- Division of Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4G 1X8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Asiedu K. Neurophysiology of corneal neuropathic pain and emerging pharmacotherapeutics. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25285. [PMID: 38284865 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The altered activity generated by corneal neuronal injury can result in morphological and physiological changes in the architecture of synaptic connections in the nervous system. These changes can alter the sensitivity of neurons (both second-order and higher-order projection) projecting pain signals. A complex process involving different cell types, molecules, nerves, dendritic cells, neurokines, neuropeptides, and axon guidance molecules causes a high level of sensory rearrangement, which is germane to all the phases in the pathomechanism of corneal neuropathic pain. Immune cells migrating to the region of nerve injury assist in pain generation by secreting neurokines that ensure nerve depolarization. Furthermore, excitability in the central pain pathway is perpetuated by local activation of microglia in the trigeminal ganglion and alterations of the descending inhibitory modulation for corneal pain arriving from central nervous system. Corneal neuropathic pain may be facilitated by dysfunctional structures in the central somatosensory nervous system due to a lesion, altered synaptogenesis, or genetic abnormality. Understanding these important pathways will provide novel therapeutic insight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Duong P, Ramesh R, Schneider A, Won S, Cooper AJ, Svaren J. Modulation of Schwann cell homeostasis by the BAP1 deubiquitinase. Glia 2023; 71:1466-1480. [PMID: 36790040 PMCID: PMC10073320 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Schwann cell programming during myelination involves transcriptional networks that activate gene expression but also repress genes that are active in neural crest/embryonic differentiation of Schwann cells. We previously found that a Schwann cell-specific deletion of the EED subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex (PRC2) led to inappropriate activation of many such genes. Moreover, some of these genes become re-activated in the pro-regenerative response of Schwann cells to nerve injury, and we found premature activation of the nerve injury program in a Schwann cell-specific knockout of Eed. Polycomb-associated histone modifications include H3K27 trimethylation formed by PRC2 and H2AK119 monoubiquitination (H2AK119ub1), deposited by Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1). We recently found dynamic regulation of H2AK119ub1 in Schwann cell genes after injury. Therefore, we hypothesized that H2AK119 deubiquitination modulates the dynamic polycomb repression of genes involved in Schwann cell maturation. To determine the role of H2AK119 deubiquitination, we generated a Schwann cell-specific knockout of the H2AK119 deubiquitinase Bap1 (BRCA1-associated protein). We found that loss of Bap1 causes tomacula formation, decreased axon diameters and eventual loss of myelinated axons. The gene expression changes are accompanied by redistribution of H2AK119ub1 and H3K27me3 modifications to extragenic sites throughout the genome. BAP1 interacts with OGT in the PR-DUB complex, and our data suggest that the PR-DUB complex plays a multifunctional role in repression of the injury program. Overall, our results indicate Bap1 is required to restrict the spread of polycomb-associated histone modifications in Schwann cells and to promote myelin homeostasis in peripheral nerve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phu Duong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Raghu Ramesh
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew Schneider
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Seongsik Won
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Aaron J Cooper
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department Of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng G, Ren J, Shang L, Bao Y. Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Pathway: A Role in Pain Processing. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1611-1630. [PMID: 36738366 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03864-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Pain, as one of the most prevalent clinical symptoms, is a complex physiological and psychological activity. Long-term severe pain can become unbearable to the body. However, existing treatments do not provide satisfactory results. Therefore, new mechanisms and therapeutic targets need to be urgently explored for pain management. The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway is crucial in embryonic development, cell differentiation and proliferation, and nervous system regulation. Here, we review the recent studies on the Shh signaling pathway and its action in multiple pain-related diseases. The Shh signaling pathway is dysregulated under various pain conditions, such as pancreatic cancer pain, bone cancer pain, chronic post-thoracotomy pain, pain caused by degenerative lumbar disc disease, and toothache. Further studies on the Shh signaling pathway may provide new therapeutic options for pain patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Juanxia Ren
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lu Shang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beixiange 5, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Klymenko A, Lutz D. Melatonin signalling in Schwann cells during neuroregeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:999322. [PMID: 36299487 PMCID: PMC9589221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.999322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has widely been thought that in the process of nerve regeneration Schwann cells populate the injury site with myelinating, non–myelinating, phagocytic, repair, and mesenchyme–like phenotypes. It is now clear that the Schwann cells modify their shape and basal lamina as to accommodate re–growing axons, at the same time clear myelin debris generated upon injury, and regulate expression of extracellular matrix proteins at and around the lesion site. Such a remarkable plasticity may follow an intrinsic functional rhythm or a systemic circadian clock matching the demands of accurate timing and precision of signalling cascades in the regenerating nervous system. Schwann cells react to changes in the external circadian clock clues and to the Zeitgeber hormone melatonin by altering their plasticity. This raises the question of whether melatonin regulates Schwann cell activity during neurorepair and if circadian control and rhythmicity of Schwann cell functions are vital aspects of neuroregeneration. Here, we have focused on different schools of thought and emerging concepts of melatonin–mediated signalling in Schwann cells underlying peripheral nerve regeneration and discuss circadian rhythmicity as a possible component of neurorepair.
Collapse
|
8
|
Jessen KR, Mirsky R. The Role of c-Jun and Autocrine Signaling Loops in the Control of Repair Schwann Cells and Regeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:820216. [PMID: 35221918 PMCID: PMC8863656 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.820216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
After nerve injury, both Schwann cells and neurons switch to pro-regenerative states. For Schwann cells, this involves reprogramming of myelin and Remak cells to repair Schwann cells that provide the signals and mechanisms needed for the survival of injured neurons, myelin clearance, axonal regeneration and target reinnervation. Because functional repair cells are essential for regeneration, it is unfortunate that their phenotype is not robust. Repair cell activation falters as animals get older and the repair phenotype fades during chronic denervation. These malfunctions are important reasons for the poor outcomes after nerve damage in humans. This review will discuss injury-induced Schwann cell reprogramming and the concept of the repair Schwann cell, and consider the molecular control of these cells with emphasis on c-Jun. This transcription factor is required for the generation of functional repair cells, and failure of c-Jun expression is implicated in repair cell failures in older animals and during chronic denervation. Elevating c-Jun expression in repair cells promotes regeneration, showing in principle that targeting repair cells is an effective way of improving nerve repair. In this context, we will outline the emerging evidence that repair cells are sustained by autocrine signaling loops, attractive targets for interventions aimed at promoting regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristjan R. Jessen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zotter B, Dagan O, Brady J, Baloui H, Samanta J, Salzer JL. Gli1 Regulates the Postnatal Acquisition of Peripheral Nerve Architecture. J Neurosci 2022; 42:183-201. [PMID: 34772739 PMCID: PMC8802940 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3096-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerves are organized into discrete compartments. Axons, Schwann cells (SCs), and endoneurial fibroblasts (EFs) reside within the endoneurium and are surrounded by the perineurium, a cellular sheath comprised of layers of perineurial glia (PNG). SC secretion of Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) regulates this organization. In Dhh nulls, the perineurium is deficient and the endoneurium is subdivided into small compartments termed minifascicles. Human Dhh mutations cause a neuropathy with similar defects. Here we examine the role of Gli1, a canonical transcriptional effector of hedgehog signaling, in regulating peripheral nerve organization in mice of both genders. We identify PNG, EFs, and pericytes as Gli1-expressing cells by genetic fate mapping. Although expression of Dhh by SCs and Gli1 in target cells is coordinately regulated with myelination, Gli1 expression unexpectedly persists in Dhh null EFs. Thus, Gli1 is expressed in EFs noncanonically (i.e., independent of hedgehog signaling). Gli1 and Dhh also have nonredundant activities. Unlike Dhh nulls, Gli1 nulls have a normal perineurium. Like Dhh nulls, Gli1 nulls form minifascicles, which we show likely arise from EFs. Thus, Dhh and Gli1 are independent signals: Gli1 is dispensable for perineurial development but functions cooperatively with Dhh to drive normal endoneurial development. During development, Gli1 also regulates endoneurial extracellular matrix production, nerve vascular organization, and has modest, nonautonomous effects on SC sorting and myelination of axons. Finally, in adult nerves, induced deletion of Gli1 is sufficient to drive minifascicle formation. Thus, Gli1 regulates the development and is required to maintain the endoneurial architecture of peripheral nerves.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Peripheral nerves are organized into distinct cellular/ECM compartments: the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. This organization, with its associated cellular constituents, is critical for the structural and metabolic support of nerves and their response to injury. Here, we show that Gli1, a transcription factor normally expressed downstream of hedgehog signaling, is required for the proper organization of the endoneurium but not the perineurium. Unexpectedly, Gli1 expression by endoneurial cells is independent of, and functions nonredundantly with, Schwann Cell-derived Desert Hedgehog in regulating peripheral nerve architecture. These results further delineate how peripheral nerves acquire their distinctive organization during normal development, and highlight mechanisms that may regulate their reorganization in pathologic settings, including peripheral neuropathies and nerve injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Zotter
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Or Dagan
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Jacob Brady
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| | - Hasna Baloui
- Departments of Neuroscience and Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Jayshree Samanta
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - James L Salzer
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, New York 10016
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hamze M, Medina I, Delmotte Q, Porcher C. Contribution of Smoothened Receptor Signaling in GABAergic Neurotransmission and Chloride Homeostasis in the Developing Rodent Brain. Front Physiol 2021; 12:798066. [PMID: 34955901 PMCID: PMC8703190 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.798066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the early stages of the central nervous system growth and development, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays an instructive trophic role for key events including neurogenesis, migration, synaptogenesis, and network formation. These actions are associated with increased concentration of chloride ions in immature neurons [(Cl−)i] that determines the depolarizing strength of ion currents mediated by GABAA receptors, a ligand-gated Cl− permeable ion channel. During neuron maturation the (Cl−)i progressively decreases leading to weakening of GABA induced depolarization and enforcing GABA function as principal inhibitory neurotransmitter. A neuron restricted potassium-chloride co-transporter KCC2 is a key molecule governing Cl− extrusion and determining the resting level of (Cl−)i in developing and mature mammalian neurons. Among factors controlling the functioning of KCC2 and the maturation of inhibitory circuits, is Smoothened (Smo), the transducer in the receptor complex of the developmental protein Sonic Hedgehog (Shh). Too much or too little Shh-Smo action will have mirror effects on KCC2 stability at the neuron membrane, the GABA inhibitory strength, and ultimately on the newborn susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders. Both canonical and non-canonical Shh-Smo signal transduction pathways contribute to the regulation of KCC2 and GABAergic synaptic activity. In this review, we discuss the recent findings of the action of Shh-Smo signaling pathways on chloride ions homeostasis through the control of KCC2 membrane trafficking, and consequently on inhibitory neurotransmission and network activity during postnatal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mira Hamze
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Igor Medina
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Quentin Delmotte
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Porcher
- Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, INMED, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) Unité, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France.,INMED (Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée), Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ki SM, Jeong HS, Lee JE. Primary Cilia in Glial Cells: An Oasis in the Journey to Overcoming Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:736888. [PMID: 34658775 PMCID: PMC8514955 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.736888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with defects in primary cilia, which are cellular organelles involved in diverse cellular processes and homeostasis. Several types of glial cells in both the central and peripheral nervous systems not only support the development and function of neurons but also play significant roles in the mechanisms of neurological disease. Nevertheless, most studies have focused on investigating the role of primary cilia in neurons. Accordingly, the interest of recent studies has expanded to elucidate the role of primary cilia in glial cells. Correspondingly, several reports have added to the growing evidence that most glial cells have primary cilia and that impairment of cilia leads to neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aimed to understand the regulatory mechanisms of cilia formation and the disease-related functions of cilia, which are common or specific to each glial cell. Moreover, we have paid close attention to the signal transduction and pathological mechanisms mediated by glia cilia in representative neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we expect that this field of research will clarify the mechanisms involved in the formation and function of glial cilia to provide novel insights and ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soo Mi Ki
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hui Su Jeong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Avraham O, Feng R, Ewan EE, Rustenhoven J, Zhao G, Cavalli V. Profiling sensory neuron microenvironment after peripheral and central axon injury reveals key pathways for neural repair. eLife 2021; 10:e68457. [PMID: 34586065 PMCID: PMC8480984 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons with cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) represent a useful model to study axon regeneration. Whereas regeneration and functional recovery occurs after peripheral nerve injury, spinal cord injury or dorsal root injury is not followed by regenerative outcomes. Regeneration of sensory axons in peripheral nerves is not entirely cell autonomous. Whether the DRG microenvironment influences the different regenerative capacities after injury to peripheral or central axons remains largely unknown. To answer this question, we performed a single-cell transcriptional profiling of mouse DRG in response to peripheral (sciatic nerve crush) and central axon injuries (dorsal root crush and spinal cord injury). Each cell type responded differently to the three types of injuries. All injuries increased the proportion of a cell type that shares features of both immune cells and glial cells. A distinct subset of satellite glial cells (SGC) appeared specifically in response to peripheral nerve injury. Activation of the PPARα signaling pathway in SGC, which promotes axon regeneration after peripheral nerve injury, failed to occur after central axon injuries. Treatment with the FDA-approved PPARα agonist fenofibrate increased axon regeneration after dorsal root injury. This study provides a map of the distinct DRG microenvironment responses to peripheral and central injuries at the single-cell level and highlights that manipulating non-neuronal cells could lead to avenues to promote functional recovery after CNS injuries or disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oshri Avraham
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Eric Edward Ewan
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Guoyan Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of MedicineSt LouisUnited States
| | - Valeria Cavalli
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of MedicineSaint LouisUnited States
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Giarretta I, Sturiale CL, Gatto I, Pacioni S, Gaetani E, Porfidia A, Puca A, Palucci I, Tondi P, Olivi A, Pallini R, Pola R. Sonic hedgehog is expressed in human brain arteriovenous malformations and induces arteriovenous malformations in vivo. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:324-335. [PMID: 32169015 PMCID: PMC8369994 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20912405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in arterial versus venous endothelial cell identity and dysregulation of angiogenesis are deemed important in the pathophysiology of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is crucial for both angiogenesis and arterial versus venous differentiation of endothelial cells, through its dual role on the vascular endothelial growth factor/Notch signaling and the nuclear orphan receptor COUP-TFII. In this study, we show that Shh, Gli1 (the main transcription factor of the Shh pathway), and COUP-TFII (a target of the non-canonical Shh pathway) are aberrantly expressed in human brain AVMs. We also show that implantation of pellets containing Shh in the cornea of Efnb2/LacZ mice induces growth of distinct arteries and veins, interconnected by complex sets of arteriovenous shunts, without an interposed capillary bed, as seen in AVMs. We also demonstrate that injection in the rat brain of a plasmid containing the human Shh gene induces the growth of tangles of tortuous and dilated vessels, in part positive and in part negative for the arterial marker αSMA, with direct connections between αSMA-positive and -negative vessels. In summary, we show that the Shh pathway is active in human brain AVMs and that Shh-induced angiogenesis has characteristics reminiscent of those seen in AVMs in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Giarretta
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo L Sturiale
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gatto
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pacioni
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gaetani
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Porfidia
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Puca
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Palucci
- Istitute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tondi
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pola
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Division of Cardiovascular Research, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aldose Reductase and the Polyol Pathway in Schwann Cells: Old and New Problems. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031031. [PMID: 33494154 PMCID: PMC7864348 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is a member of the reduced nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-dependent aldo-keto reductase superfamily. It is also the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway, catalyzing the conversion of glucose to sorbitol, which is subsequently converted to fructose by sorbitol dehydrogenase. AR is highly expressed by Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The excess glucose flux through AR of the polyol pathway under hyperglycemic conditions has been suggested to play a critical role in the development and progression of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Despite the intensive basic and clinical studies over the past four decades, the significance of AR over-activation as the pathogenic mechanism of DPN remains to be elucidated. Moreover, the expected efficacy of some AR inhibitors in patients with DPN has been unsatisfactory, which prompted us to further investigate and review the understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of AR in the PNS. Particularly, the investigation of AR and the polyol pathway using immortalized Schwann cells established from normal and AR-deficient mice could shed light on the causal relationship between the metabolic abnormalities of Schwann cells and discordance of axon-Schwann cell interplay in DPN, and led to the development of better therapeutic strategies against DPN.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wagstaff LJ, Gomez-Sanchez JA, Fazal SV, Otto GW, Kilpatrick AM, Michael K, Wong LYN, Ma KH, Turmaine M, Svaren J, Gordon T, Arthur-Farraj P, Velasco-Aviles S, Cabedo H, Benito C, Mirsky R, Jessen KR. Failures of nerve regeneration caused by aging or chronic denervation are rescued by restoring Schwann cell c-Jun. eLife 2021; 10:e62232. [PMID: 33475496 PMCID: PMC7819709 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After nerve injury, myelin and Remak Schwann cells reprogram to repair cells specialized for regeneration. Normally providing strong regenerative support, these cells fail in aging animals, and during chronic denervation that results from slow axon growth. This impairs axonal regeneration and causes significant clinical problems. In mice, we find that repair cells express reduced c-Jun protein as regenerative support provided by these cells declines during aging and chronic denervation. In both cases, genetically restoring Schwann cell c-Jun levels restores regeneration to control levels. We identify potential gene candidates mediating this effect and implicate Shh in the control of Schwann cell c-Jun levels. This establishes that a common mechanism, reduced c-Jun in Schwann cells, regulates success and failure of nerve repair both during aging and chronic denervation. This provides a molecular framework for addressing important clinical problems, suggesting molecular pathways that can be targeted to promote repair in the PNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Wagstaff
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jose A Gomez-Sanchez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSan Juan de AlicanteSpain
| | - Shaline V Fazal
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Georg W Otto
- University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child HealthLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Alastair M Kilpatrick
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Kirolos Michael
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Liam YN Wong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ki H Ma
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Mark Turmaine
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - John Svaren
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonUnited States
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Peter Arthur-Farraj
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sergio Velasco-Aviles
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSan Juan de AlicanteSpain
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIALAlicanteSpain
| | - Hugo Cabedo
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández‐CSICSan Juan de AlicanteSpain
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, ISABIALAlicanteSpain
| | - Cristina Benito
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rhona Mirsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kristjan R Jessen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moreau N, Boucher Y. Hedging against Neuropathic Pain: Role of Hedgehog Signaling in Pathological Nerve Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239115. [PMID: 33266112 PMCID: PMC7731127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system has important regenerative capacities that regulate and restore peripheral nerve homeostasis. Following peripheral nerve injury, the nerve undergoes a highly regulated degeneration and regeneration process called Wallerian degeneration, where numerous cell populations interact to allow proper nerve healing. Recent studies have evidenced the prominent role of morphogenetic Hedgehog signaling pathway and its main effectors, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and Desert Hedgehog (DHH) in the regenerative drive following nerve injury. Furthermore, dysfunctional regeneration and/or dysfunctional Hedgehog signaling participate in the development of chronic neuropathic pain that sometimes accompanies nerve healing in the clinical context. Understanding the implications of this key signaling pathway could provide exciting new perspectives for future research on peripheral nerve healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Moreau
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Bretonneau Hospital (AP-HP), 75018 Paris, France;
- Faculty of Dental Medicine-Montrouge, University of Paris, 92120 Montrouge, France
| | - Yves Boucher
- Department of Dental Medicine, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital (AP-HP), 75013 Paris, France
- Faculty of Dental Medicine-Garancière, University of Paris, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hedgehog signaling promotes endoneurial fibroblast migration and Vegf-A expression following facial nerve injury. Brain Res 2020; 1751:147204. [PMID: 33189691 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.147204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injuries are a common clinical problem which may result in permanent loss of motor or sensory function. A better understanding of the signaling pathways that lead to successful nerve regeneration may help in discovering new therapeutic targets. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway plays significant roles in nerve development and regeneration. In a mouse model of facial nerve injury, Hedgehog-responsive fibroblasts increase in number both at the site of injury and within the distal nerve. However, the role of these cells in facial nerve regeneration is not fully understood. We hypothesize that the Hh pathway plays an angiogenic and pro-migratory role following facial nerve injury. METHODS Hedgehog pathway modulators were applied to murine endoneurial fibroblasts isolated from the murine facial nerve. The impact of pathway modulation on endoneurial fibroblast migration and cell proliferation was assessed. Gene expression changes of known Hedgehog target genes and the key angiogenic factor Vegf-A were determined by qPCR. In vivo, mice were treated with pathway agonist (SAG21k) and injured facial nerve specimens were analyzed via immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Hedgehog pathway activation in facial nerve fibroblasts via SAG21k treatment increases Gli1 and Ptch1 expression, the rate of cellular migration, and Vegf-A expression in vitro. In vivo, expression of Gli1 and Vegf-A expression appears to increase after injury, particularly at the site of nerve injury and the distal nerve, as detected by immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization. Additionally, Gli1 transcripts co-localize with Vegf-A following transection injury to the facial nerve. DISCUSSION These findings describe an angiogenic and pro-migratory role for the Hedgehog pathway mediated through effects on nerve fibroblasts. Given the critical role of Vegf-A in nerve regeneration, modulation of this pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target to improve facial nerve regeneration following injury.
Collapse
|
18
|
Yang Y, Wang X, Zhang X, You S, Feng L, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Xu Y, Zhang H. <p>Sonic Hedgehog Signaling Contributes to Chronic Post-Thoracotomy Pain via Activating BDNF/TrkB Pathway in Rats</p>. J Pain Res 2020; 13:1737-1746. [PMID: 32765048 PMCID: PMC7360429 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s245515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Some patients undergoing thoracotomy may suffer from chronic post-thoracotomy pain (CPTP). Treatment of CPTP has been a clinical challenge and the underlying mechanisms of CPTP remain elusive. Recently, sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling has been shown to be associated with various pain states but its role in the pathogenesis of CPTP is still unclear. Methods CPTP was induced in rats by thoracotomy. Rats were divided into CPTP group and non-CPTP group based on the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT). Rats were administered with Shh signaling inhibitor cyclopamine and activator smoothened agonist (SAG), and then evaluated by MWT and cold allodynia testing. The expressions of Shh signaling (Shh ligand, patched and smoothened receptor, Gli transcription factors), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (Trk-B), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt) in rat T4-5 spinal cord dorsal horn (SDH) were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results The expression of Shh signaling significantly increased and the BDNF/TrkB pathway was activated in T4-5 SDH of CPTP rats. Cyclopamine attenuated hyperalgesia and down-regulated the expressions of Gil1, BDNF, p-TrkB, p-PI3K and p-Akt in CPTP rats. SAG induced hyperalgesia in non-CPTP rats and elevated the expressions of Gil1, BDNF, p-TrkB, p-PI3K and p-Akt. Conclusion Shh signaling may contribute to CPTP via activating BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, and inhibition of Shh signaling may effectively alleviate CPTP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yitian Yang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100037, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin300060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaohua You
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Feng
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunliang Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yizheng Shi
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuhai Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Air Force Medical Center, Beijing100142, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Anesthesia and Operation Center, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing100853, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hong Zhang; Yitian Yang Email ;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma KH, Duong P, Moran JJ, Junaidi N, Svaren J. Polycomb repression regulates Schwann cell proliferation and axon regeneration after nerve injury. Glia 2018; 66:2487-2502. [PMID: 30306639 PMCID: PMC6289291 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The transition of differentiated Schwann cells to support of nerve repair after injury is accompanied by remodeling of the Schwann cell epigenome. The EED-containing polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzes histone H3K27 methylation and represses key nerve repair genes such as Shh, Gdnf, and Bdnf, and their activation is accompanied by loss of H3K27 methylation. Analysis of nerve injury in mice with a Schwann cell-specific loss of EED showed the reversal of polycomb repression is required and a rate limiting step in the increased transcription of Neuregulin 1 (type I), which is required for efficient remyelination. However, mouse nerves with EED-deficient Schwann cells display slow axonal regeneration with significantly low expression of axon guidance genes, including Sema4f and Cntf. Finally, EED loss causes impaired Schwann cell proliferation after injury with significant induction of the Cdkn2a cell cycle inhibitor gene. Interestingly, PRC2 subunits and CDKN2A are commonly co-mutated in the transition from benign neurofibromas to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST's). RNA-seq analysis of EED-deficient mice identified PRC2-regulated molecular pathways that may contribute to the transition to malignancy in neurofibromatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki H. Ma
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Phu Duong
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - John J. Moran
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nabil Junaidi
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu S, Lv Y, Wan XX, Song ZJ, Liu YP, Miao S, Wang GL, Liu GJ. Hedgehog signaling contributes to bone cancer pain by regulating sensory neuron excitability in rats. Mol Pain 2018; 14:1744806918767560. [PMID: 29607715 PMCID: PMC5888817 DOI: 10.1177/1744806918767560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating bone cancer pain continues to be a clinical challenge and underlying mechanisms of bone cancer pain remain elusive. Here, we reported that sonic hedgehog signaling plays a critical role in the development of bone cancer pain. Tibia bone cavity tumor cell implantation produces bone cancer-related mechanical allodynia, thermal hyperalgesia, and spontaneous and movement-evoked pain behaviors. Production and persistence of these pain behaviors are well correlated with tumor cell implantation-induced up-regulation and activation of sonic hedgehog signaling in primary sensory neurons and spinal cord. Spinal administration of sonic hedgehog signaling inhibitor cyclopamine prevents and reverses the induction and persistence of bone cancer pain without affecting normal pain sensitivity. Inhibiting sonic hedgehog signaling activation with cyclopamine, in vivo or in vitro, greatly suppresses tumor cell implantation-induced increase of intracellular Ca2+ and hyperexcitability of the sensory neurons and also the activation of GluN2B receptor and the subsequent Ca2+-dependent signals CaMKII and CREB in dorsal root ganglion and the spinal cord. These findings show a critical mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of bone cancer pain and suggest that targeting sonic hedgehog signaling may be an effective approach for treating bone cancer pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,2 Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - You Lv
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wan
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Song
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Peng Liu
- 3 Center of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Lianyungang Oriental Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Miao
- 1 Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guang-Lei Wang
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gong-Jian Liu
- 2 Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang Z, Zhang C, Li Z, Zhang S, Liu J, Bai Y, Pan J, Zhang C. Collagen/β‐TCP nerve guidance conduits promote facial nerve regeneration in mini‐swine and the underlying biological mechanism: A pilot in vivo study. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:1122-1131. [PMID: 30261120 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- School of StomatologyCapital Medical University Dongcheng China
| | - Chengyao Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zheyi Li
- School of StomatologyCapital Medical University Dongcheng China
- Institute for Clinical Research and Application of Sunny DentalSunny Dental Clinic‐Shine Hills Beijing China
| | - Shijian Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jiannan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yuxing Bai
- School of StomatologyCapital Medical University Dongcheng China
| | - Juli Pan
- School of StomatologyCapital Medical University Dongcheng China
| | - Chenping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head & Neck OncologyShanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu S, Yao JL, Wan XX, Song ZJ, Miao S, Zhao Y, Wang XL, Liu YP. Sonic hedgehog signaling in spinal cord contributes to morphine-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance through upregulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression. J Pain Res 2018; 11:649-659. [PMID: 29662325 PMCID: PMC5892616 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s153544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Preventing opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance continues to be a major clinical challenge, and the underlying mechanisms of hyperalgesia and tolerance remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. Methods Shh signaling expression, behavioral changes, and neurochemical alterations induced by morphine were analyzed in male adult CD-1 mice with repeated administration of morphine. To investigate the contribution of Shh to morphine-induced hyperalgesia (MIH) and tolerance, Shh signaling inhibitor cyclopamine and Shh small interfering RNA (siRNA) were used. To explore the mechanisms of Shh signaling in MIH and tolerance, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) inhibitor K252 and anti-BDNF antibody were used. Results Repeated administration of morphine produced obvious hyperalgesia and tolerance. The behavioral changes were correlated with the upregulation and activation of morphine treatment-induced Shh signaling. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of Shh signaling significantly delayed the generation of MIH and tolerance and associated neurochemical changes. Chronic morphine administration also induced upregulation of BDNF. Inhibiting BDNF effectively delayed the generation of MIH and tolerance. The upregulation of BDNF induced by morphine was significantly suppressed by inhibiting Shh signaling. In naïve mice, exogenous activation of Shh signaling caused a rapid increase of BDNF expression, as well as thermal hyperalgesia. Inhibiting BDNF significantly suppressed smoothened agonist-induced hyperalgesia. Conclusion These findings suggest that Shh signaling may be a critical mediator for MIH and tolerance by regulating BDNF expression. Inhibiting Shh signaling, especially during the early phase, may effectively delay or suppress MIH and tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun-Li Yao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuai Miao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Peng Liu
- Center of Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Lianyungang Oriental Hospital, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lai SW, Chen JH, Lin HY, Liu YS, Tsai CF, Chang PC, Lu DY, Lin C. Regulatory Effects of Neuroinflammatory Responses Through Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Microglial Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:7487-7499. [PMID: 29427085 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of microglial over-activation is an important strategy to counter balance neurodegenerative progression. We previously demonstrated that the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) may be a therapeutic target in mediating anti-neuroinflammatory responses in microglia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the major neurotrophic factors produced by astrocytes to maintain the development and survival of neurons in the brain, and have recently been shown to modulate homeostasis of neuroinflammation. Therefore, the present study focused on BDNF-mediated neuroinflammatory responses and may provide an endogenous regulation of neuroinflammation. Among the tested neuroinflammation, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and minocycline exerted BDNF upregulation to inhibit COX-2 and proinflammatory mediator expressions. Furthermore, both EGCG and minocycline upregulated BDNF expression in microglia through AMPK signaling. In addition, minocycline and EGCG also increased expressions of erythropoietin (EPO) and sonic hedgehog (Shh). In the endogenous modulation of neuroinflammation, astrocyte-conditioned medium (AgCM) also decreased the expression of COX-2 and upregulated BDNF expression in microglia. The anti-inflammatory effects of BDNF were mediated through EPO/Shh in microglia. Our results indicated that the BDNF-EPO-Shh novel-signaling pathway underlies the regulation of inflammatory responses and may be regarded as a potential therapeutic target in neurodegenerative diseases. This study also reveals a better understanding of an endogenous crosstalk between astrocytes and microglia to regulate anti-inflammatory actions, which could provide a novel strategy for the treatment of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Wei Lai
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Hong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Tsai
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chang
- Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Dah-Yuu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, No.91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Photonics and Communication Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chingju Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ma KH, Hung HA, Svaren J. Epigenomic Regulation of Schwann Cell Reprogramming in Peripheral Nerve Injury. J Neurosci 2016; 36:9135-47. [PMID: 27581455 PMCID: PMC5005723 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1370-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The rapid and dynamic transcriptional changes of Schwann cells in response to injury are critical to peripheral nerve repair, yet the epigenomic reprograming that leads to the induction of injury-activated genes has not been characterized. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) catalyzes the trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3), which produces a transcriptionally repressive chromatin environment. We find that many promoters and/or gene bodies of injury-activated genes of mature rat nerves are occupied with H3K27me3. In contrast, the majority of distal enhancers that gain H3K27 acetylation after injury are not repressed by H3K27 methylation before injury, which is normally observed in developmentally poised enhancers. Injury induces demethylation of H3K27 in many genes, such as Sonic hedgehog (Shh), which is silenced throughout Schwann cell development before injury. In addition, experiments using a Schwann cell-specific mouse knock-out of the Eed subunit of PRC2 indicate that demethylation is a rate-limiting step in the activation of such genes. We also show that some transcription start sites of H3K27me3-repressed injury genes of uninjured nerves are bound with a mark of active promoters H3K4me3, for example, Shh and Gdnf, and the reduction of H3K27me3 results in increased trimethylation of H3K4. Our findings identify reversal of polycomb repression as a key step in gene activation after injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Peripheral nerve regeneration after injury is dependent upon implementation of a novel genetic program in Schwann cells that supports axonal survival and regeneration. Identifying means to enhance Schwann cell reprogramming after nerve injury could be used to foster effective remyelination in the treatment of demyelinating disorders and in identifying pathways involved in regenerative process of myelination. Although recent progress has identified transcriptional determinants of successful reprogramming of the Schwann cell transcriptome after nerve injury, our results have highlighted a novel epigenomic pathway in which reversal of the Polycomb pathway of repressive histone methylation is required for activation of a significant number of injury-induced genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki H Ma
- Waisman Center, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, and
| | - Holly A Hung
- Waisman Center, Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, and
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center, Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Meda F, Gauron C, Rampon C, Teillon J, Volovitch M, Vriz S. Nerves Control Redox Levels in Mature Tissues Through Schwann Cells and Hedgehog Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:299-311. [PMID: 26442784 PMCID: PMC4761803 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Recent advances in redox biology have emphasized the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the modulation of signaling pathways and revealed that H2O2 plays a role in cellular remodeling in adults. Thus, an understanding of the mechanisms that control H2O2 levels in mature tissue would be of great interest. RESULTS We used a denervation strategy to demonstrate that sensory neurons are responsible for controlling H2O2 levels under normal conditions and after being lesioned. Moreover, we demonstrate that severed nerves respond to appendage amputation via the induction of Hedgehog signaling and that this signaling is responsible for H2O2 production in the wounded epidermis. Finally, we show that H2O2 and nerve growth are regulated via reciprocal action in adults. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION These data support a new paradigm for the regulation of tissue homeostasis: H2O2 attracts nerves and nerves control H2O2 levels in a positive feedback loop. This finding suggests that the peripheral nerve redox environment could be a target for manipulating cell plasticity in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Meda
- 1 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB) CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050/Collège de France , Paris, France .,2 École Normale Supérieure, Institute of Biology at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS) , CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France .,3 PSL Research University , Paris, France
| | - Carole Gauron
- 1 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB) CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050/Collège de France , Paris, France .,3 PSL Research University , Paris, France
| | - Christine Rampon
- 1 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB) CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050/Collège de France , Paris, France .,3 PSL Research University , Paris, France .,4 Biology Department, Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cedex 13, France
| | - Jérémie Teillon
- 1 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB) CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050/Collège de France , Paris, France .,3 PSL Research University , Paris, France
| | - Michel Volovitch
- 1 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB) CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050/Collège de France , Paris, France .,2 École Normale Supérieure, Institute of Biology at the Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS) , CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France .,3 PSL Research University , Paris, France
| | - Sophie Vriz
- 1 Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Biologie (CIRB) CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050/Collège de France , Paris, France .,3 PSL Research University , Paris, France .,4 Biology Department, Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Cedex 13, France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Regulation of Peripheral Nerve Myelin Maintenance by Gene Repression through Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. J Neurosci 2015; 35:8640-52. [PMID: 26041929 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2257-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelination of peripheral nerves by Schwann cells requires coordinate regulation of gene repression as well as gene activation. Several chromatin remodeling pathways critical for peripheral nerve myelination have been identified, but the functions of histone methylation in the peripheral nerve have not been elucidated. To determine the role of histone H3 Lys27 methylation, we have generated mice with a Schwann cell-specific knock-out of Eed, which is an essential subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) that catalyzes methylation of histone H3 Lys27. Analysis of this mutant revealed no significant effects on early postnatal development of myelin. However, its loss eventually causes progressive hypermyelination of small-diameter axons and apparent fragmentation of Remak bundles. These data identify the PRC2 complex as an epigenomic modulator of mature myelin thickness, which is associated with changes in Akt phosphorylation. Interestingly, we found that Eed inactivation causes derepression of several genes, e.g., Sonic hedgehog (Shh) and Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (Igfbp2), that become activated after nerve injury, but without activation of a primary regulator of the injury program, c-Jun. Analysis of the activated genes in cultured Schwann cells showed that Igfbp2 regulates Akt activation. Our results identify an epigenomic pathway required for establishing thickness of mature myelin and repressing genes that respond to nerve injury.
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin HP, Oksuz I, Hurley E, Wrabetz L, Awatramani R. Microprocessor complex subunit DiGeorge syndrome critical region gene 8 (Dgcr8) is required for schwann cell myelination and myelin maintenance. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:24294-307. [PMID: 26272614 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.636407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of a key component of the Microprocessor complex, DGCR8, in the regulation of myelin formation and maintenance. We found that conditionally ablating Dgcr8 in Schwann cells (SCs) during development results in an arrest of SC differentiation. Dgcr8 conditional knock-out (cKO) SCs fail to form 1:1 relationships with axons or, having achieved this, fail to form myelin sheaths. The expression of genes normally found in immature SCs, such as sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), is increased in Dgcr8 cKO SCs, whereas the expression of myelin-related genes, including the master regulatory transcription factor early growth response 2 (Egr2), is decreased. Additionally, expression of a novel gene expression program involving sonic hedgehog (Shh), activated de novo in injured nerves, is elevated in Dgcr8 cKOs but not in Egr2 null mice, a model of SC differentiation arrest, suggesting that the injury-related gene expression program in Dgcr8 cKOs cannot be attributed to differentiation arrest. Inducible ablation of Dgcr8 in adult SCs results in gene expression changes similar to those found in cKOs, including an increase in the expression of Sox2 and Shh. Analyses of these nerves mainly reveal normal myelin thickness and axon size distribution but some dedifferentiated SCs and increased macrophage infiltration. Together our data suggest that Dgcr8 is responsible for modulation of gene expression programs underlying myelin formation and maintenance as well as suppression of an injury-related gene expression program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pin Lin
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Idil Oksuz
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| | - Edward Hurley
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Rajeshwar Awatramani
- From the Department of Neurology and Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611 and
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Rauck BM, Novosat TL, Oudega M, Wang Y. Biocompatibility of a coacervate-based controlled release system for protein delivery to the injured spinal cord. Acta Biomater 2015; 11:204-11. [PMID: 25266504 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of protein-based therapies for treating injured nervous tissue is limited by the short half-life of free proteins in the body. Affinity-based biomaterial delivery systems provide sustained release of proteins, thereby extending the efficacy of such therapies. Here, we investigated the biocompatibility of a novel coacervate delivery system based on poly(ethylene argininylaspartate diglyceride) (PEAD) and heparin in the damaged spinal cord. We found that the presence of the [PEAD:heparin] coacervate did not affect the macrophage response, glial scarring or nervous tissue loss, which are hallmarks of spinal cord injury. Moreover, the density of axons, including serotonergic axons, at the injury site and the recovery of motor and sensorimotor function were comparable in rats with and without the coacervate. These results revealed the biocompatibility of our delivery system and supported its potential to deliver therapeutic proteins to the injured nervous system.
Collapse
|
29
|
Angiogenesis in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2014; 2:84. [PMID: 25047180 PMCID: PMC4149233 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-014-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, is found in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) demyelinating lesions following Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) release and the production of several other angiogenic molecules. The increased energy demand of inflammatory cuffs and damaged neural cells explains the strong angiogenic response in plaques and surrounding white matter. An angiogenic response has also been documented in an experimental model of MS, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), where blood–brain barrier disruption and vascular remodelling appeared in a pre-symptomatic disease phase. In both MS and EAE, VEGF acts as a pro-inflammatory factor in the early phase but its reduced responsivity in the late phase can disrupt neuroregenerative attempts, since VEGF naturally enhances neuron resistance to injury and regulates neural progenitor proliferation, migration, differentiation and oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) survival and migration to demyelinated lesions. Angiogenesis, neurogenesis and oligodendroglia maturation are closely intertwined in the neurovascular niches of the subventricular zone, one of the preferential locations of inflammatory lesions in MS, and in all the other temporary vascular niches where the mutual fostering of angiogenesis and OPC maturation occurs. Angiogenesis, induced either by CNS inflammation or by hypoxic stimuli related to neurovascular uncoupling, appears to be ineffective in chronic MS due to a counterbalancing effect of vasoconstrictive mechanisms determined by the reduced axonal activity, astrocyte dysfunction, microglia secretion of free radical species and mitochondrial abnormalities. Thus, angiogenesis, that supplies several trophic factors, should be promoted in therapeutic neuroregeneration efforts to combat the progressive, degenerative phase of MS.
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang Y, Dong W, Guo S, Zhao S, He S, Zhang L, Tang Y, Wang H. Lentivirus-mediated delivery of sonic hedgehog into the striatum stimulates neuroregeneration in a rat model of Parkinson disease. Neurol Sci 2014; 35:1931-40. [PMID: 25030123 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-014-1866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in which the nigrostriatal pathway, consisting of dopaminergic neuronal projections from the substantia nigra to the striatum, degenerates. Viral transduction is currently the most promising in vivo strategy for delivery of therapeutic proteins into the brain for treatment of PD. Sonic hedgehog (Shh) is necessary for cell proliferation, differentiation and neuroprotection in the central nervous system. In this study, we investigated the effects of overexpressed N-terminal product of SHH (SHH-N) in a PD model rat. A lentiviral vector containing SHH-N was stereotactically injected into the striatum 24 h after a striatal 6-OHDA lesion. We found that overexpressed SHH-N attenuated behavioral deficits and reduced the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra and the loss of dopamine fibers in the striatum. In addition, fluoro-ruby-labeled nigrostriatal projections were also repaired. Together, our results demonstrate the feasibility and efficacy of using the strategy of lentivirus-mediated Shh-N delivery to delay nigrostriatal pathway degeneration. This strategy holds the potential for therapeutic application in the treatment of PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang F, Stefano GB, Kream RM. Epigenetic modification of DRG neuronal gene expression subsequent to nerve injury: etiological contribution to complex regional pain syndromes (Part II). Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:1188-200. [PMID: 25027291 PMCID: PMC4106931 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cumulating evidence indicated that nerve injury-associated cellular and molecular changes play an essential role in contributing to the development of pathological pain, and more recent findings implicated the critical role of epigenetic mechanisms in pain-related sensitization in the DRG subsequent to nerve injury. In this part of the dyad review (Part II), we reviewed and paid special attention on the etiological contribution of DGR gene expression modulated by epigenetic mechanisms of CRPS. As essential effectors to different molecular activation, we first discussed the activation of various signaling pathways that subsequently from nerve injury, and in further illustrated the fundamental and functional underpinnings of nerve injury-induced pain, in which we argued for the potential epigenetic mechanisms in response to sensitizing stimuli or injury. Therefore, understanding the specific mediating factors that influence individual epigenetic differences contributing to pain sensitivity and responsiveness to analgesics possesses crucial clinical implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhou Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China (mainland)
| | - George B Stefano
- Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, China (mainland)
| | - Richard M Kream
- Neuroscience Research Institute, State University of New York at Old Westbury, Old Westbury, China (mainland)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Interactions between VEGFR and Notch signaling pathways in endothelial and neural cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1779-92. [PMID: 23479133 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Notch cell interaction mechanism governs cell fate decisions in many different cell contexts throughout the lifetime of all Metazoan species. It links the fate of one cell to that of its neighbors through cell-to-cell contacts, and binding of Notch receptors expressed on one cell to their membrane bound ligands on an adjacent cell. Environmental cues, such as growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules, superimpose a dynamic regulation on this canonical Notch signaling pathway. In this review, we will focus on Notch signaling in the vertebrate vascular and nervous systems and examine its role in angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and neurovascular interactions. We will also highlight the molecular relationships of the Notch pathway with vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their high-affinity tyrosine kinase VEGF receptors, key regulators of both angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
Collapse
|
33
|
Li S, Liu Q, Wang Y, Gu Y, Liu D, Wang C, Ding G, Chen J, Liu J, Gu X. Differential gene expression profiling and biological process analysis in proximal nerve segments after sciatic nerve transection. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57000. [PMID: 23437294 PMCID: PMC3578805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
After traumatic injury, peripheral nerves can spontaneously regenerate through highly sophisticated and dynamic processes that are regulated by multiple cellular elements and molecular factors. Despite evidence of morphological changes and of expression changes of a few regulatory genes, global knowledge of gene expression changes and related biological processes during peripheral nerve injury and regeneration is still lacking. Here we aimed to profile global mRNA expression changes in proximal nerve segments of adult rats after sciatic nerve transection. According to DNA microarray analysis, the huge number of genes was differentially expressed at different time points (0.5 h–14 d) post nerve transection, exhibiting multiple distinct temporal expression patterns. The expression changes of several genes were further validated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis. The gene ontology enrichment analysis was performed to decipher the biological processes involving the differentially expressed genes. Collectively, our results highlighted the dynamic change of the important biological processes and the time-dependent expression of key regulatory genes after peripheral nerve injury. Interestingly, we, for the first time, reported the presence of olfactory receptors in sciatic nerves. Hopefully, this study may provide a useful platform for deeply studying peripheral nerve injury and regeneration from a molecular-level perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yun Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chunming Wang
- School of computer science and technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guohui Ding
- Key Lab of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of computer science and technology, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang Y, Zhao S, Dong W, He S, Wang H, Zhang L, Tang Y, Guo J, Guo S. Cloning and bioinformatical analysis of the N-terminus of the sonic hedgehog gene. Neural Regen Res 2013; 8:258-63. [PMID: 25206596 PMCID: PMC4107527 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The sonic hedgehog protein not only plays a key role in early embryonic development, but also has essential effects on the adult nervous system, including neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and neuronal axon guidance. The N-terminal fragment of sonic hedgehog is the key functional element in this process. Therefore, this study aimed to clone and analyze the N-terminal fragment of the sonic hedgehog gene. Total RNA was extracted from the notochord of a Sprague-Dawley rat at embryonic day 9 and the N-terminal fragment of sonic hedgehog was amplified by nested reverse transcription-PCR. The N-terminal fragment of the sonic hedgehog gene was successfully cloned. The secondary and tertiary structures of the N-terminal fragment of the sonic hedgehog protein were predicted using Jpred and Phyre online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China ; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shu Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weiren Dong
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Suifen He
- Department of Laboratory, Shunde Guizhou Hospital, Foshan 528305, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- School of Medical Sciences, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yinjuan Tang
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Xiangnan College, Chenzhou 418000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiasong Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Suiqun Guo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bond CW, Angeloni N, Harrington D, Stupp S, Podlasek CA. Sonic Hedgehog regulates brain-derived neurotrophic factor in normal and regenerating cavernous nerves. J Sex Med 2012; 10:730-7. [PMID: 23237228 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cavernous nerve (CN) is commonly injured during prostatectomy. Manipulation of the nerve microenvironment is critical to improve regeneration and develop novel erectile dysfunction therapies. Sonic hedgehog (SHH) treatment promotes CN regeneration. The mechanism of how this occurs is unknown. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) facilitates return of erectile function after CN injury and it has been suggested in cortical neurons and the sciatic nerve that BDNF may be a target of SHH. AIM To determine if SHH promotes CN regeneration through a BDNF-dependent mechanism. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats underwent (i) bilateral CN crush (N = 15); (ii) SHH treatment of pelvic ganglia (PG)/CN (N = 10); (iii) SHH inhibition in PG/CN (N = 14 rats); (iv) CN crush with SHH treatment of PG/CN (N = 10 rats); (v) CN crush with SHH treatment and BDNF inhibition (N = 14 rats); and (vi) CN injury and SHH treatment of the penis (N = 23). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BDNF and glial fibrillary acidic protein were quantified in PG/CN by Western, and a t-test was used to determine differences. RESULTS In normal rats SHH inhibition in the PG/CN decreased BDNF 34% and SHH treatment increased BDNF 36%. BDNF was increased 44% in response to SHH treatment of crushed CNs, and inhibition of BDNF in crushed CNs treated with SHH protein hampers regeneration. CONCLUSIONS SHH regulates BDNF in the normal and regenerating PG/CN. BDNF is part of the mechanism of how SHH promotes regeneration, thus providing an opportunity to further manipulate the nerve microenvironment with combination therapy to enhance regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Bond
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Angeloni N, Bond CW, Harrington D, Stupp S, Podlasek CA. Sonic hedgehog is neuroprotective in the cavernous nerve with crush injury. J Sex Med 2012; 10:1240-50. [PMID: 22994531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02930.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cavernous nerve (CN) is commonly injured during prostatectomy, resulting in erectile dysfunction (ED). Although peripheral nerves have a limited ability to regenerate, a return of function typically does not occur due to irreversible down stream morphological changes in the penis that result from CN injury. We have shown in previous studies that sonic hedgehog (SHH) is critical for CN regeneration and improves erectile function after crush injury. AIMS Examine a new direction, to determine if SHH is neuroprotective to the pelvic ganglia (PG)/CN after crush injury. A secondary focus is to examine if SHH signaling decreases with age in the PG/CN. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral CN crush and SHH and glial fibrillary acidic protein were quantified by western analysis of the PG/CN (N = 6 rats at each time point) at 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days, and the apoptotic index was measured in the penis. SHH was quantified by western in the PG/CN with blockade of anterograde transport (N = 4 rats) in comparison to mouse IgG (N = 4 rats). If SHH is neuroprotective was examined at 4 (N = 14 rats) and 7 days (N = 16 rats) of treatment after CN crush. SHH protein was quantified in aging (P200-300, N = 5 rats) PG/CN in comparison to normal adult (P115-120, N = 3 rats) PG/CN. Main Outcome Measures. SHH pathway was examined in PG via immunohistochemistry, in situ, western, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). RESULTS SHH is neuroprotective in the PG/CN with injury. SHH localization in the PG/CN suggests SHH interaction in neuronal/glial signaling. SHH protein is significantly decreased in the PG/CN after crush injury and in the aged PG/CN. Signals from the PG are required to maintain SHH in the CN. CONCLUSIONS There is a window of opportunity immediately after nerve insult in which manipulation of SHH signaling in the nerve microenvironment can affect long-term regeneration outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Angeloni
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Estradiol triggers sonic-hedgehog-induced angiogenesis during peripheral nerve regeneration by downregulating hedgehog-interacting protein. J Transl Med 2012; 92:532-42. [PMID: 22330336 PMCID: PMC3319330 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Both estradiol (E2) and Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) contribute to angiogenesis and nerve regeneration. Here, we investigated whether E2 improves the recovery of injured nerves by downregulating the Shh inhibitor hedgehog-interacting protein (HIP) and increasing Shh-induced angiogenesis. Mice were treated with local injections of E2 or placebo one week before nerve-crush injury; 28 days after injury, nerve conduction velocity, exercise duration, and vascularity were significantly greater in E2-treated mice than in placebo-treated mice. E2 treatment was also associated with higher mRNA levels of Shh, the Shh receptor Patched-1, and the Shh transcriptional target Gli1, but with lower levels of HIP. The E2-induced enhancement of nerve vascularity was abolished by the Shh inhibitor cyclopamine, and the effect of E2 treatment on Shh, Gli1, and HIP mRNA expression was abolished by the E2 inhibitor ICI. Gli-luciferase activity in human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increased more after treatment with E2 and Shh than after treatment with E2 alone, and E2 treatment reduced HIP expression in HUVECs and Schwann cells without altering Shh expression. Collectively, these findings suggest that E2 improves nerve recovery, at least in part, by reducing HIP expression, which subsequently leads to an increase in Shh signaling and Shh-induced angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
38
|
Al-Ayadhi LY. Relationship between Sonic hedgehog protein, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and oxidative stress in autism spectrum disorders. Neurochem Res 2012; 37:394-400. [PMID: 21984201 PMCID: PMC3264868 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-011-0624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is not well known but oxidative stress has been suggested to play a pathological role. We report here that the serum levels of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might be linked to oxidative stress in ASD. By using the whole blood or polymorphonuclear leukocytes, we demonstrated that autistic children produced a significantly higher level of oxygen free radicals (OFR). In addition, we found significantly higher levels of serum SHH protein in children with mild as well as severe form of autism. We also found that the serum level of BDNF was significantly reduced in autistic children with mild form of the disorder but not with severe form of the disorder. Our findings are the first to report a correlation between SHH, BDNF and OFR in autistic children, suggesting a pathological role of oxidative stress and SHH in autism spectrum disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila Y Al-Ayadhi
- Department of Physiology, Autism Research & Treatment Center (ART Center), AL-Amodi Autism Research Chair, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ma X, Peterson R, Turnbull J. Adenylyl cyclase type 3, a marker of primary cilia, is reduced in primary cell culture and in lumbar spinal cord in situ in G93A SOD1 mice. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:71. [PMID: 21767396 PMCID: PMC3199874 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The primary cilium is a solitary organelle important in cellular signaling, that projects from the cell surface of most growth-arrested or post-mitotic cells including neurons in the central nervous system. We hypothesized that primary cilial dysfunction might play a role in the pathogenesis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and as a first step, report on the prevalence of primary cilial markers on cultured motor neurons from the lumbar spinal cord of embryonic wildtype (WT) and transgenic G93A SOD1 mice, and on motor neurons in situ in the lumbar spinal cord. Results At 7 days in culture there is no difference in the proportion of G93A SOD1 and WT motor neurons staining for the cilial marker ACIII. However, at 21 days there is a large relative drop in the proportion of ciliated G93A SOD1 motor neurons. In situ, at 40 days there was a slight relative drop in the proportion of ciliated motor neurons in G93A SOD1 mice. At 98 days of age there was no change in motor neuron ciliation in WT mice, but there was motor neuron loss and a large reduction in the proportion of surviving motor neurons bearing a primary cilium in G93A SOD1 mice. Conclusions In primary culture and in situ in G93A SOD1 mice there is a large reduction in the proportion of motor neurons bearing a primary cilium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Ma
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1200 Main St West, Hamilton, Ontario L8N3Z5, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Immortalized adult rodent Schwann cells as in vitro models to study diabetic neuropathy. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:374943. [PMID: 21747827 PMCID: PMC3124069 DOI: 10.1155/2011/374943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 04/03/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have established spontaneously immortalized Schwann cell lines from normal adult mice and rats and murine disease models. One of the normal mouse cell lines, IMS32, possesses some biological properties of mature Schwann cells and high proliferative activities. The IMS32 cells under hyperglycemic and/or hyperlipidemic conditions have been utilized to investigate the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, especially the polyol pathway hyperactivity, glycation, increased oxidative stress, and reduced synthesis of neurotrophic factors. In addition to the mouse cell lines, our current study focuses on the characterization of a normal rat cell line, IFRS1, under normal and high glucose conditions. These Schwann cell lines can be valuable tools for exploring the detailed mechanisms leading to diabetic neuropathy and novel therapeutic approaches against that condition.
Collapse
|
41
|
Angeloni NL, Bond CW, Tang Y, Harrington DA, Zhang S, Stupp SI, McKenna KE, Podlasek CA. Regeneration of the cavernous nerve by Sonic hedgehog using aligned peptide amphiphile nanofibers. Biomaterials 2010; 32:1091-101. [PMID: 20971506 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SHH plays a significant role in peripheral nerve regeneration and has clinical potential to be used as a regenerative therapy for the CN in prostatectomy patients and in other patients with neuropathy of peripheral nerves. Efforts to regenerate the cavernous nerve (CN), which provides innervation to the penis, have been minimally successful, with little translation into improved clinical outcomes. We propose that, Sonic hedgehog (SHH), is critical to maintain CN integrity, and that SHH delivered to the CN by novel peptide amphiphile (PA) nanofibers, will promote CN regeneration, restore physiological function, and prevent penile morphology changes that result in erectile dysfunction (ED). We performed localization studies, inhibition of SHH signaling in the CN, and treatment of crushed CNs with SHH protein via linear PA gels, which are an innovative extended release method of delivery. Morphological, functional and molecular analysis revealed that SHH protein is essential to maintain CN architecture, and that SHH treatment promoted CN regeneration, suppressed penile apoptosis and caused a 58% improvement in erectile function in less than half the time reported in the literature. These studies show that SHH has substantial clinical application to regenerate the CN in prostatectomy and diabetic patients, that this methodology has broad application to regenerate any peripheral nerve that SHH is necessary for maintenance of its structure, and that this nanotechnology method of protein delivery may have wide spread application as an in vivo delivery tool in many organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Angeloni
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|