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Abbaszadeh F, Javadpour P, Mousavi Nasab MM, Jorjani M. The Role of Vitamins in Spinal Cord Injury: Mechanisms and Benefits. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2024; 2024:4293391. [PMID: 38938696 PMCID: PMC11211004 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4293391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common neurological disease worldwide, often resulting in a substantial decrease in quality of life, disability, and in severe cases, even death. Unfortunately, there is currently no effective treatment for this disease. Nevertheless, current basic and clinical evidence suggests that vitamins, with their antioxidant properties and biological functions, may play a valuable role in improving the quality of life for individuals with SCI. They can promote overall health and facilitate the healing process. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms and therapeutic potential of vitamins in the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Abbaszadeh
- Neurobiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Javadpour
- Neuroscience Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoumeh Jorjani
- Neurobiology Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of PharmacologySchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Sterner RC, Sterner RM. Immune response following traumatic spinal cord injury: Pathophysiology and therapies. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1084101. [PMID: 36685598 PMCID: PMC9853461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1084101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition that is often associated with significant loss of function and/or permanent disability. The pathophysiology of SCI is complex and occurs in two phases. First, the mechanical damage from the trauma causes immediate acute cell dysfunction and cell death. Then, secondary mechanisms of injury further propagate the cell dysfunction and cell death over the course of days, weeks, or even months. Among the secondary injury mechanisms, inflammation has been shown to be a key determinant of the secondary injury severity and significantly worsens cell death and functional outcomes. Thus, in addition to surgical management of SCI, selectively targeting the immune response following SCI could substantially decrease the progression of secondary injury and improve patient outcomes. In order to develop such therapies, a detailed molecular understanding of the timing of the immune response following SCI is necessary. Recently, several studies have mapped the cytokine/chemokine and cell proliferation patterns following SCI. In this review, we examine the immune response underlying the pathophysiology of SCI and assess both current and future therapies including pharmaceutical therapies, stem cell therapy, and the exciting potential of extracellular vesicle therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Sterner
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rosalie M. Sterner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States,*Correspondence: Rosalie M. Sterner,
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3
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Shen CL, Castro L, Fang CY, Castro M, Sherali S, White S, Wang R, Neugebauer V. Bioactive compounds for neuropathic pain: An update on preclinical studies and future perspectives. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 104:108979. [PMID: 35245654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.108979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Among different types of chronic pain, neuropathic pain (NP), arising from damage to the nervous system, including peripheral fibers and central neurons, is notoriously difficult to treat and affects 7-10% of the general population. Currently available treatment options for NP are limited and opioid analgesics have severe side effects and can result in opioid use disorder. Recent studies have exhibited the role of dietary bioactive compounds in the mitigation of NP. Here, we assessed the effects of commonly consumed bioactive compounds (ginger, curcumin, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, epigallocatechin gallate, resveratrol, soy isoflavones, lycopene, and naringin) on NP and NP-related neuroinflammation. Cellular studies demonstrated that these bioactive compounds reduce inflammation via suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways that regulate apoptosis/cell survival, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory responses. Animal studies strongly suggest that these regularly consumed bioactive compounds have a pronounced anti-NP effect as shown by decreased mechanical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal hyperalgesia, and cold hyperalgesia. The proposed molecular mechanisms include (1) the enhancement of neuron survival, (2) the reduction of neuronal hyperexcitability by activation of antinociceptive cannabinoid 1 receptors and opioid receptors, (3) the suppression of sodium channel current, and (4) enhancing a potassium outward current in NP-affected animals, triggering a cascade of chemical changes within, and between neurons for pain relief. Human studies administered in this area have been limited. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to confirm the findings of preclinical efficacies using bioactive compounds in patients with NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chwan-Li Shen
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.
| | - Luis Castro
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Chih-Yu Fang
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Maribel Castro
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Samir Sherali
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Steely White
- Department of Microbiology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Center of Excellence for Integrative Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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4
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Hellenbrand DJ, Quinn CM, Piper ZJ, Morehouse CN, Fixel JA, Hanna AS. Inflammation after spinal cord injury: a review of the critical timeline of signaling cues and cellular infiltration. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:284. [PMID: 34876174 PMCID: PMC8653609 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition that results in a loss of motor and sensory function. Although extensive research to develop treatments for SCI has been performed, to date, none of these treatments have produced a meaningful amount of functional recovery after injury. The primary injury is caused by the initial trauma to the spinal cord and results in ischemia, oxidative damage, edema, and glutamate excitotoxicity. This process initiates a secondary injury cascade, which starts just a few hours post-injury and may continue for more than 6 months, leading to additional cell death and spinal cord damage. Inflammation after SCI is complex and driven by a diverse set of cells and signaling molecules. In this review, we utilize an extensive literature survey to develop the timeline of local immune cell and cytokine behavior after SCI in rodent models. We discuss the precise functional roles of several key cytokines and their effects on a variety of cell types involved in the secondary injury cascade. Furthermore, variations in the inflammatory response between rats and mice are highlighted. Since current SCI treatment options do not successfully initiate functional recovery or axonal regeneration, identifying the specific mechanisms attributed to secondary injury is critical. With a more thorough understanding of the complex SCI pathophysiology, effective therapeutic targets with realistic timelines for intervention may be established to successfully attenuate secondary damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Hellenbrand
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Charles M Quinn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Zachariah J Piper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Carolyn N Morehouse
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Jordyn A Fixel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Amgad S Hanna
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health (UWSMPH), University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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5
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Campos J, Silva NA, Salgado AJ. Nutritional interventions for spinal cord injury: preclinical efficacy and molecular mechanisms. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:1206-1221. [PMID: 34472615 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that leads to motor, sensory, and autonomic impairments. Its intrinsic pathophysiological complexity has hindered the establishment of effective treatments for decades. Nutritional interventions (NIs) for SCI have been proposed as a route to circumvent some of the problems associated with this condition. Results obtained in animal models point to a more holistic effect, rather than to specific modulation, of several relevant SCI pathophysiological processes. Indeed, published data have shown NI improves energetic imbalance, oxidative damage, and inflammation, which are promoters of improved proteostasis and neurotrophic signaling, leading ultimately to neuroprotection and neuroplasticity. This review focuses on the most well-documented Nis. The mechanistic implications and their translational potential for SCI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Campos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno A Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - António J Salgado
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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6
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Cioccari L, Luethi N, Masoodi M. Lipid Mediators in Critically Ill Patients: A Step Towards Precision Medicine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599853. [PMID: 33324417 PMCID: PMC7724037 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated response to systemic inflammation is a common pathophysiological feature of most conditions encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). Recent evidence indicates that a dysregulated inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of various ICU-related disorders associated with high mortality, including sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cerebral and myocardial ischemia, and acute kidney injury. Moreover, persistent or non-resolving inflammation may lead to the syndrome of persistent critical illness, characterized by acquired immunosuppression, catabolism and poor long-term functional outcomes. Despite decades of research, management of many disorders in the ICU is mostly supportive, and current therapeutic strategies often do not take into account the heterogeneity of the patient population, underlying chronic conditions, nor the individual state of the immune response. Fatty acid-derived lipid mediators are recognized as key players in the generation and resolution of inflammation, and their signature provides specific information on patients' inflammatory status and immune response. Lipidomics is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool to assess lipid metabolism and the interaction between metabolic changes and the immune system via profiling lipid mediators in clinical studies. Within the concept of precision medicine, understanding and characterizing the individual immune response may allow for better stratification of critically ill patients as well as identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of fatty acid-derived lipid mediators as endogenous regulators of the inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving response and future directions for use of clinical lipidomics to identify lipid mediators as diagnostic and prognostic markers in critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Cioccari
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.,Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia
| | - Nora Luethi
- Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Prahran, VIC, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mojgan Masoodi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Zirpoli H, Chang CL, Carpentier YA, Michael-Titus AT, Ten VS, Deckelbaum RJ. Novel Approaches for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Therapeutics: Chronic Versus Acute Administration to Protect Heart, Brain, and Spinal Cord. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:161-187. [PMID: 32966188 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews novel approaches for omega-3 fatty acid (FA) therapeutics and the linked molecular mechanisms in cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In vitro and in vivo research studies indicate that omega-3 FAs affect synergic mechanisms that include modulation of cell membrane fluidity, regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, and production of bioactive mediators. We compare how chronic and acute treatments with omega-3 FAs differentially trigger pathways of protection in heart, brain, and spinal cord injuries. We also summarize recent omega-3 FA randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses and discuss possible reasons for controversial results, with suggestions on improving the study design for future clinical trials. Acute treatment with omega-3 FAs offers a novel approach for preserving cardiac and neurological functions, and the combinations of acute treatment with chronic administration of omega-3 FAs might represent an additional therapeutic strategy for ameliorating adverse cardiovascular and CNS outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hylde Zirpoli
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Chuchun L Chang
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Yvon A Carpentier
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Nutrition Lipid Developments, SPRL, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery, and Trauma, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Vadim S Ten
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard J Deckelbaum
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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8
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Liu ZH, Chen NY, Tu PH, Wu CT, Chiu SC, Huang YC, Lim SN, Yip PK. DHA Attenuates Cerebral Edema Following Traumatic Brain Injury via the Reduction in Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176291. [PMID: 32878052 PMCID: PMC7503959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) could result in edema and cause an increase in intracranial pressure of the brain resulting in mortality and morbidity. Although there is hyperosmolarity therapy available for this pathophysiological event, it remains controversial. Recently, several groups have shown docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to improve functional and histological outcomes following brain injury based on reduction of neuroinflammation and apoptosis. However, the effect of DHA on blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after brain injury has not been fully studied. Here, a controlled cortical impact rat model was used to test the effect of a single dose of DHA administered 30 min post injury. Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and forelimb asymmetry were used to determine the functional outcomes. Neuroimaging and histology were used to characterize the edema and BBB dysfunction. The study showed that DHA-treated TBI rats had better mNSS and forelimb asymmetry score than vehicle-treated TBI rats. Temporal analysis of edema using MRI revealed a significant reduction in edema level with DHA treatment compared to vehicle in TBI rats. Histological analysis using immunoglobulin G (IgG) extravasation showed that there was less extravasation, which corresponded with a reduction in aquaporin 4 and astrocytic metalloprotease 9 expression, and greater endothelial occludin expression in the peri-contusional site of the TBI rat brain treated with DHA in comparison to vehicle treatment. In conclusion, the study shows that DHA can exert its functional improvement by prevention of the edema formation via prevention of BBB dysfunction after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan; (P.-h.T.); (Y.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: (Z.-H.L.); (P.K.Y.)
| | - Nan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Po-hsun Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan; (P.-h.T.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Chen-Te Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Shao-Chieh Chiu
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ying-Cheng Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan; (P.-h.T.); (Y.-C.H.)
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung Medical College and University, Taoyuan County 333, Taiwan;
| | - Ping K. Yip
- Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery & Trauma, London E1 2AT, UK
- Correspondence: (Z.-H.L.); (P.K.Y.)
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9
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Applying univariate vs. multivariate statistics to investigate therapeutic efficacy in (pre)clinical trials: A Monte Carlo simulation study on the example of a controlled preclinical neurotrauma trial. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230798. [PMID: 32214370 PMCID: PMC7098614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small sample sizes combined with multiple correlated endpoints pose a major challenge in the statistical analysis of preclinical neurotrauma studies. The standard approach of applying univariate tests on individual response variables has the advantage of simplicity of interpretation, but it fails to account for the covariance/correlation in the data. In contrast, multivariate statistical techniques might more adequately capture the multi-dimensional pathophysiological pattern of neurotrauma and therefore provide increased sensitivity to detect treatment effects. RESULTS We systematically evaluated the performance of univariate ANOVA, Welch's ANOVA and linear mixed effects models versus the multivariate techniques, ANOVA on principal component scores and MANOVA tests by manipulating factors such as sample and effect size, normality and homogeneity of variance in computer simulations. Linear mixed effects models demonstrated the highest power when variance between groups was equal or variance ratio was 1:2. In contrast, Welch's ANOVA outperformed the remaining methods with extreme variance heterogeneity. However, power only reached acceptable levels of 80% in the case of large simulated effect sizes and at least 20 measurements per group or moderate effects with at least 40 replicates per group. In addition, we evaluated the capacity of the ordination techniques, principal component analysis (PCA), redundancy analysis (RDA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to capture patterns of treatment effects without formal hypothesis testing. While LDA suffered from a high false positive rate due to multicollinearity, PCA, RDA, and PLS-DA were robust and PLS-DA outperformed PCA and RDA in capturing a true treatment effect pattern. CONCLUSIONS Multivariate tests do not provide an appreciable increase in power compared to univariate techniques to detect group differences in preclinical studies. However, PLS-DA seems to be a useful ordination technique to explore treatment effect patterns without formal hypothesis testing.
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10
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Yip PK, Bowes AL, Hall JCE, Burguillos MA, Ip THR, Baskerville T, Liu ZH, Mohamed MAEK, Getachew F, Lindsay AD, Najeeb SUR, Popovich PG, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT. Docosahexaenoic acid reduces microglia phagocytic activity via miR-124 and induces neuroprotection in rodent models of spinal cord contusion injury. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:2427-2448. [PMID: 30972415 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are activated after spinal cord injury (SCI), but their phagocytic mechanisms and link to neuroprotection remain incompletely characterized. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been shown to have significant neuroprotective effects after hemisection and compression SCI and can directly affect microglia in these injury models. In rodent contusion SCI, we demonstrate that DHA (500 nmol/kg) administered acutely post-injury confers neuroprotection and enhances locomotor recovery, and also exerts a complex modulation of the microglial response to injury. In rodents, at 7 days after SCI, the level of phagocytosed myelin within Iba1-positive or P2Y12-positive cells was significantly lower after DHA treatment, and this occurred in parallel with an increase in intracellular miR-124 expression. Furthermore, intraspinal administration of a miR-124 inhibitor significantly reduced the DHA-induced decrease in myelin phagocytosis in mice at 7 days post-SCI. In rat spinal primary microglia cultures, DHA reduced the phagocytic response to myelin, which was associated with an increase in miR-124, but not miR-155. A similar response was observed in a microglia cell line (BV2) treated with DHA, and the effect was blocked by a miR-124 inhibitor. Furthermore, the phagocytic response of BV2 cells to stressed neurones was also reduced in the presence of DHA. In peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages, the expression of the M1, but not the M0 or M2 phenotype, was reduced by DHA, but the phagocytic activation was not altered. These findings show that DHA induces neuroprotection in contusion injury. Furthermore, the improved outcome is via a miR-124-dependent reduction in the phagocytic response of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping K Yip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Amy L Bowes
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jodie C E Hall
- Centre for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Miguel A Burguillos
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)/Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla and Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla and, Sevilla, Spain
| | - T H Richard Ip
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Tracey Baskerville
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zhuo-Hao Liu
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Chang Gung Medical College and University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, 5 Fu-Shin Street, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Moumin A E K Mohamed
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fanuelle Getachew
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anna D Lindsay
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Saif-Ur-Rehman Najeeb
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- Centre for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - John V Priestley
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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11
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Deckelbaum RJ, Calder PC. Editorial: Is it time to separate EPA from DHA when using omega-3 fatty acids to protect heart and brain? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:65-67. [PMID: 32028319 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Deckelbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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12
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Tian ZR, Yao M, Zhou LY, Song YJ, Ye J, Wang YJ, Cui XJ. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid on the recovery of motor function in rats with spinal cord injury: a meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:537-547. [PMID: 31571666 PMCID: PMC6921345 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.266065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Studies have shown that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has a beneficial effect in the treatment of spinal cord injury. A meta-analysis was used to study the effect of DHA on the neurological recovery in the rat spinal cord injury model, and the relationship between the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury and the time and method of administration and the dose of DHA. Data source: Published studies on the effect of DHA on spinal cord injury animal models from seven databases were searched from their inception to January 2019, including PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed databases. The search terms included “spinal cord injury” “docosahexaenoic acid”, and “rats”. Data selection: Studies that evaluated the influence of DHA in rat models of spinal cord injury for locomotor functional recovery were included. The intervention group included any form of DHA treatment and the control group included treatment with normal saline, vehicle solution or no treatment. The Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation’s risk of bias assessment tool was used for the quality assessment of the included studies. Literature inclusion, quality evaluation and data extraction were performed by two researchers. Meta-analysis was then conducted on all studies that met the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis was performed on the data using RevMan 5.1.2. software. Outcome measures: The primary outcome measure was the score on the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale. Secondary outcome measures were the sloping plate test, balance beam test, stair test and grid exploration test. Results: A total of 12 related studies were included, 3 of which were of higher quality and the remaining 9 were of lower quality. The highest mean Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale score occurred at 42 days after DHA treatment in spinal cord injury rats. At 21 days after treatment, the mean difference in Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan scores between the DHA group and the control group was the most significant (pooled MD = 4.14; 95% CI = 3.58–4.70; P < 0.00001). In the subgroup analysis, improvement in the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale score was more significant in rats administered DHA intravenously (pooled MD = 2.74; 95% CI = 1.41–4.07; P < 0.0001) and subcutaneously (pooled MD = 2.99; 95% CI = 2.29–3.69; P < 0.00001) than in the groups administered DHA orally (pooled MD = 3.04; 95% CI = –1.01 to 7.09; P = 0.14). Intravenous injection of DHA at 250 nmol/kg (pooled MD = 2.94; 95% CI = 2.47–3.41; P < 0.00001] and 1000 nmol/kg [pooled MD = 3.60; 95% CI = 2.66–4.54; P < 0.00001) significantly improved the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scale score in rats and promoted the recovery of motor function. Conclusion: DHA can promote motor functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats. The administration of DHA by intravenous or subcutaneous injection is more effective than oral administration of DHA. Intravenous injection of DHA at doses of 250 nmol/kg or 1000 nmol/kg is beneficial. Because of the small number and the low quality of the included studies, more high-quality research is needed in future to substantiate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Rui Tian
- Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Yao
- Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
| | - Long-Yun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Rehabilitation Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jia Song
- Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ye
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine); Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Rehabilitation Medicine College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Jun Cui
- Institute of Spine Disease, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education (Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Shanghai, China
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13
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Goodus MT, McTigue DM. Hepatic dysfunction after spinal cord injury: A vicious cycle of central and peripheral pathology? Exp Neurol 2019; 325:113160. [PMID: 31863731 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The liver is essential for numerous physiological processes, including filtering blood from the intestines, metabolizing fats, proteins, carbohydrates and drugs, and regulating iron storage and release. The liver is also an important immune organ and plays a critical role in response to infection and injury throughout the body. Liver functions are regulated by autonomic parasympathetic innervation from the brainstem and sympathetic innervation from the thoracic spinal cord. Thus, spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above thoracic levels disrupts major regulatory mechanisms for hepatic functions. Work in rodents and humans shows that SCI induces liver pathology, including hepatic inflammation and fat accumulation characteristic of a serious form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This hepatic pathology is associated with and likely contributes to indices of metabolic dysfunction often noted in SCI individuals, such as insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia. These occur at greater rates in the SCI population and can negatively impact health and quality of life. In this review, we will: 1) Discuss acute and chronic changes in human and rodent liver pathology and function after SCI; 2) Describe how these hepatic changes affect systemic inflammation, iron regulation and metabolic dysfunction after SCI; 3) Describe how disruption of the hepatic autonomic nervous system may be a key culprit in post-injury chronic liver pathology; and 4) Preview ongoing and future research that aims to elucidate mechanisms driving liver and metabolic dysfunction after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Goodus
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Dana M McTigue
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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Current Agents and Related Therapeutic Targets for Inflammation After Acute Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. World Neurosurg 2019; 132:138-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Thau-Zuchman O, Ingram R, Harvey GG, Cooke T, Palmas F, Pallier PN, Brook J, Priestley JV, Dalli J, Tremoleda JL, Michael-Titus AT. A Single Injection of Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces a Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Profile in the Injured Tissue and a Long-Lasting Reduction in Neurological Deficit after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2019; 37:66-79. [PMID: 31256709 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to life-changing neurological deficits, which reflect the fast-evolving secondary injury post-trauma. There is a need for acute protective interventions, and the aim of this study was to explore in an experimental TBI model the neuroprotective potential of a single bolus of a neuroactive omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), administered in a time window feasible for emergency services. Adult mice received a controlled cortical impact injury (CCI) and neurological impairment was assessed with the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) up to 28 days post-injury. DHA (500 nmol/kg) or saline were injected intravenously at 30 min post-injury. The lipid mediator profile was assessed in the injured hemisphere at 3 h post-CCI. After completion of behavioral tests and lesion assessment using magnetic resonance imaging, over 7 days or 28 days post-TBI, the tissue was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The single DHA bolus significantly reduced the injury-induced neurological deficit and increased pro-resolving mediators in the injured brain. DHA significantly reduced lesion size, the microglia and astrocytic reaction, and oxidation, and decreased the accumulation of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), indicating a reduced axonal injury at 7 days post-TBI. DHA reduced the neurofilament light levels in plasma at 28 days. Therefore, an acute single bolus of DHA post-TBI, in a time window relevant for acute emergency intervention, can induce a long-lasting and significant improvement in neurological outcome, and this is accompanied by a marked upregulation of neuroprotective mediators, including the DHA-derived resolvins and protectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Thau-Zuchman
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Ingram
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina G Harvey
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Cooke
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Palmas
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N Pallier
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Brook
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John V Priestley
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jesmond Dalli
- Lipid Mediator Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi L Tremoleda
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Adina T Michael-Titus
- Center for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma,z Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on wound healing using animal models – a review. ACTA VET BRNO 2019. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201887040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present review summarizes results of experiments, mostly performed on rodents, regarding the effects of fish oil (FO) and its biologically active constituents, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), on the healing of cutaneous wounds, but also of selected other types of injury. Structure, metabolism and functions of EPA/DHA in an organism are briefly mentioned, with an emphasis on the ability of these long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids to modulate inflammation. Wound healing as a complex programmed sequence of cellular and molecular processes including inflammation, cell migration, angiogenesis, synthesis of provisional matrix, collagen deposition and reepithelialisation is briefly described. Markers for evaluation of the healing process include planimetry indices, tensile strength, quantification of collagen synthesis including hydroxyproline determination, histopathology/immunohistochemistry and genomic/proteomic markers. As far as effects on wound healing are concerned, the main emphasis is put on the outcomes of experiments using a dietary FO/DHA/EPA administration, but the results of experiments with a parenteral application are also mentioned, together with selected relevantin vitrostudies. An important conclusion from the above-mentioned studies is an inconsistency of FO/DHA/EPA effects on wound healing: decreased/increased collagen deposition; lower/higher counts of the inflammatory cells in the healing tissue; increased/decreased concentration of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines; DHA accelerated/delayed wound healing process. Some experiments indicate superiority of DHA over EPA regarding wound healing.
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17
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Bisicchia E, Sasso V, Catanzaro G, Leuti A, Besharat ZM, Chiacchiarini M, Molinari M, Ferretti E, Viscomi MT, Chiurchiù V. Resolvin D1 Halts Remote Neuroinflammation and Improves Functional Recovery after Focal Brain Damage Via ALX/FPR2 Receptor-Regulated MicroRNAs. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6894-6905. [PMID: 29357041 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Remote damage is a secondary phenomenon that usually occurs after a primary brain damage in regions that are distant, yet functionally connected, and that is critical for determining the outcomes of several CNS pathologies, including traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. The understanding of remote damage-associated mechanisms has been mostly achieved in several models of focal brain injury such as the hemicerebellectomy (HCb) experimental paradigm, which helped to identify the involvement of many key players, such as inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Currently, few interventions have been shown to successfully limit the progression of secondary damage events and there is still an unmet need for new therapeutic options. Given the emergence of the novel concept of resolution of inflammation, mediated by the newly identified ω3-derived specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators, such as resolvins, we reported a reduced ability of HCb-injured animals to produce resolvin D1 (RvD1) and an increased expression of its target receptor ALX/FPR2 in remote brain regions. The in vivo administration of RvD1 promoted functional recovery and neuroprotection by reducing the activation of Iba-1+ microglia and GFAP+ astrocytes as well as by impairing inflammatory-induced neuronal cell death in remote regions. These effects were counteracted by intracerebroventricular neutralization of ALX/FPR2, whose activation by RvD1 also down-regulated miR-146b- and miR-219a-1-dependent inflammatory markers. In conclusion, we propose that innovative therapies based on RvD1-ALX/FPR2 axis could be exploited to curtail remote damage and enable neuroprotective effects after acute focal brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bisicchia
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Sasso
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Leuti
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Molinari
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ferretti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | | | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143, Rome, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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18
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19
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Lescano de Souza Junior A, Mancini Filho J, Pavan Torres R, Irigoyen MC, Curi R. Pretreatment with fish oil attenuates heart ischaemia consequences in rats. Exp Physiol 2017; 102:1459-1473. [PMID: 28879655 DOI: 10.1113/ep086332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We investigated whether pretreatment with fish oil could prevent the major consequences of ischaemic injury to the heart. What is the main finding and its importance? Fish oil pretreatment attenuated the consequences of ischaemic injury as indicated by the small infarction area and the preservation of systolic function and coronary blood flow. These findings support the use of fish oil in order to reduce the impact of heart ischaemia. ω-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acid (ω-3 PUFA)-rich fish oil supplementation has protective effects on heart ischaemic injury. Left ventricular (LV) ischaemia was induced in rats by permanent ligation of the left descending coronary artery. Saline, fish oil or soybean oil was administered daily by gavage [3 g (kg body weight)-1 ] for 20 days before inducing ischaemia. Outcomes were assessed 24 h after left descending coronary artery ligation. Pretreatment with fish oil decreased the ω-6/ω-3 fatty acid ratio in the LV. A reduction in infarct size and in the intensity of ventricular systolic dysfunction was found in the fish oil group compared with the saline or soybean oil groups through echocardiographic evaluation. Before infarction, LV glycogen concentrations were decreased in the fish oil group compared with the saline group. Soybean oil pretreatment led to a further increase in the LV levels of CINC-2/αβ, IL-1β and TNF-α induced by the heart infarction. In heart-infarcted rats, fish oil pretreatment decreased creatine kinase and caspase-3 activities; prevented the decrease in the coronary blood flow; increased LV contents of ATP and lactate; increased the mRNA levels of iNOS, eNOS, HIF1α, GLUT1, VEGF-α and p53 in the LV as measured by RT-PCR; and did not change LV pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations compared with the control group. Fish oil protected the heart from ischaemia, as indicated by the decrease in the heart infarction area and systolic dysfunction associated with increased LV ATP concentrations and maintenance of the coronary blood flow with no change in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge Mancini Filho
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Pavan Torres
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, Institute of Physical Activity Sciences and Sports, Cruzeiro do Sul University, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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20
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Shi J, Wang S, Ke Q, Lin J, Zheng Y, Wu S, Huang Z, Lin W. T1R1/T1R3 Taste Receptor Suppresses Granulocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2353-2363. [PMID: 28474538 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As an active and predominant blood leukocyte population, granulocytes infiltrate into injured spinal cord and produce pro-inflammatory mediators to aggravate neuroinflammation. In the current study, we identify the role of the T1R1/T1R3 receptor in granulocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in a rat spinal cord injury (SCI) model. We found that T1R1 and T1R3 were substantially expressed in both circulating and infiltrating granulocytes. In vitro stimulation of T1R1/T1R3 receptor with L-serine notably reduced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and several pro-inflammatory cytokines. To evaluate the role of T1R1/T1R3 receptor in vivo, gurmarin, a selective T1R3 inhibitor, was injected into rats before and after SCI. Gurmarin administration significantly upregulated expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, myeloperoxidase, and matrix metallopeptidase 9, as well as production of ROS in infiltrating granulocytes. Signal pathway analysis revealed that gurmarin promoted nuclear factor (NF)-κβ signaling in infiltrating granulocytes. Consistently, cell apoptosis and inflammatory mediator levels at the injury sites were increased by gurmarin, together with higher T lymphocyte recruitment. Our research indicates that the T1R1/T1R3 receptor is an anti-inflammatory receptor for infiltrating granulocytes after SCI. Simulation of T1R1/T1R3 receptor might be a prospective, or at least a supplemental, therapeutic approach to controlling neuroinflammation to promote functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Shi
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Ke
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhui Zheng
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Wu
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
| | - Zida Huang
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenping Lin
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
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21
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Lin W, Wang S, Yang Z, Lin J, Ke Q, Lan W, Shi J, Wu S, Cai B. Heme Oxygenase-1 Inhibits Neuronal Apoptosis in Spinal Cord Injury through Down-Regulation of Cdc42-MLK3-MKK7-JNK3 Axis. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:695-706. [PMID: 27526795 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which spinal cord injury (SCI) induces neuronal death has not been thoroughly understood. Investigation on the molecular signal pathways involved in SCI-mediated neuronal apoptosis is important for development of new therapeutics for SCI. In the current study, we explore the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the modulation of mixed lineage kinase 3/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/cJUN N-terminal kinase 3 (MLK3/MKK7/JNK3) signaling, which is a pro-apoptotic pathway, after SCI. We found that MLK3/MKK7/JNK3 signaling was activated by SCI in a time-dependent manner, demonstrated by increase in activating phosphorylation of MLK3, MKK7, and JNK3. SCI also induced HO-1 expression. Administration of HO-1-expressing adeno-associated virus before SCI introduced expression of exogenous HO-1 in injured spinal cords. Exogenous HO-1 reduced phosphorylation of MLK3, MKK7, and JNK3. Consistent with its inhibitory effect on MLK3/MKK7/JNK3 signaling, exogenous HO-1 decreased SCI-induced neuronal apoptosis and improved neurological score. Further, we found that exogenous HO-1 inhibited expression of cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42), which is crucial for MLK3 activation. In vitro experiments indicated that Cdc42 was essential for neuronal apoptosis, while transduction of neurons with HO-1-expressing adeno-associated virus significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis to enhance neuronal survival. Therefore, our study disclosed a novel mechanism by which HO-1 exerted its neuroprotective efficacy. Our discovery might be valuable for developing a new therapeutic approach for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Lin
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- 2 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the People's Hospital of Guizhou Province , Guiyang, China
| | - Jianhua Lin
- 3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingfeng Ke
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Lan
- 3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Shi
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
| | - Shiqiang Wu
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Quanzhou, China
| | - Bin Cai
- 4 Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou, China
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22
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Liao CH, Wu YN, Chen BH, Lin YH, Ho HO, Chiang HS. Neuroprotective effect of docosahexaenoic acid nanoemulsion on erectile function in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33040. [PMID: 27625175 PMCID: PMC5021993 DOI: 10.1038/srep33040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an unmet need for treatment of erectile dysfunction resulting from radical prostatectomy and cavernous nerve (CN) injury. Given the neuroprotective properties of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), we investigated its effect on penile functional and structural recovery in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve injury. Rats were subject to CN injury and received intraperitoneal administration of either vehicle or a DHA nanoemulsion (nano-DHA) at 10, 50, or 250 μg/kg. Functional testing and histological analyses were performed at 28 days post-injury. The maximum intracavernosal pressure (ICP) and other measures of erectile function were significantly higher in the nano-DHA groups than in the vehicle group (p < 0.05). The ratio of area of expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)/β-III tubulin, numbers of axon and smooth muscle cell content were significantly higher in the 50 μg/kg nano-DHA group than in the vehicle group (p < 0.05). A qualitative increase in the smooth muscle cells/collagen ratio and decrease in apoptosis was observed in the nano-DHA groups relative to the vehicle group: however, these differences were not statistically significant. Our data demonstrate that nano-DHA, particularly the 50 μg/kg regimen, improves erectile function after bilateral CN injury in rats by neuroprotection and other anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hou Liao
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Nutrition &Food science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-No Wu
- PhD Program in Nutrition &Food science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Huei Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hung Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-O Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Sun Chiang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,PhD Program in Nutrition &Food science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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23
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Addition of aspirin to a fish oil-rich diet decreases inflammation and atherosclerosis in ApoE-null mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 35:58-65. [PMID: 27394692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aspirin (ASA) is known to alter the production of potent inflammatory lipid mediators, but whether it interacts with omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) from fish oil to affect atherosclerosis has not been determined. The goal was to investigate the impact of a fish oil-enriched diet alone and in combination with ASA on the production of lipid mediators and atherosclerosis. ApoE(-/-) female mice were fed for 13weeks one of the four following diets: omega-3 FA deficient (OD), omega-3 FA rich (OR) (1.8g omega-3 FAs/kg·diet per day), omega-3 FA rich plus ASA (ORA) (0.1g ASA/kg·diet per day) or an omega-3 FA deficient plus ASA (ODA) with supplement levels equivalent to human doses. Plasma lipids, atherosclerosis, markers of inflammation, hepatic gene expression and aortic lipid mediators were determined. Hepatic omega-3 FAs were markedly higher in OR (9.9-fold) and ORA (7-fold) groups. Mice in both OR and ORA groups had 40% less plasma cholesterol in very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein fractions, but aortic plaque area formation was only significantly lower in the ORA group (5.5%) compared to the OD group (2.5%). Plasma PCSK9 protein levels were approximately 70% lower in the OR and ORA groups. Proinflammatory aortic lipid mediators were 50%-70% lower in the ODA group than in the OD group and more than 50% lower in the ORA group. In summary, less aortic plaque lesions and aortic proinflammatory lipid mediators were observed in mice on the fish oil diet plus ASA vs. just the fish oil diet.
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Tremoleda JL, Thau-Zuchman O, Davies M, Foster J, Khan I, Vadivelu KC, Yip PK, Sosabowski J, Trigg W, Michael-Titus AT. In vivo PET imaging of the neuroinflammatory response in rat spinal cord injury using the TSPO tracer [(18)F]GE-180 and effect of docosahexaenoic acid. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2016; 43:1710-22. [PMID: 27154521 PMCID: PMC4932147 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-016-3391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition which affects millions of people worldwide causing major disability and substantial socioeconomic burden. There are currently no effective treatments. Modulating the neuroinflammatory (NI) response after SCI has evolved as a major therapeutic strategy. PET can be used to detect the upregulation of the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), a hallmark of activated microglia in the CNS. We investigated whether PET imaging using the novel TSPO tracer [18F]GE-180 can be used as a clinically relevant biomarker for NI in a contusion SCI rat model, and we present data on the modulation of NI by the lipid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Methods A total of 22 adult male Wistar rats were subjected to controlled spinal cord contusion at the T10 spinal cord level. Six non-injured and ten T10 laminectomy only (LAM) animals were used as controls. A subset of six SCI animals were treated with a single intravenous dose of 250 nmol/kg DHA (SCI-DHA group) 30 min after injury; a saline-injected group of six animals was used as an injection control. PET and CT imaging was carried out 7 days after injury using the [18F]GE-180 radiotracer. After imaging, the animals were killed and the spinal cord dissected out for biodistribution and autoradiography studies. In vivo data were correlated with ex vivo immunohistochemistry for TSPO. Results In vivo dynamic PET imaging revealed an increase in tracer uptake in the spinal cord of the SCI animals compared with the non-injured and LAM animals from 35 min after injection (P < 0.0001; SCI vs. LAM vs. non-injured). Biodistribution and autoradiography studies confirmed the high affinity and specific [18F]GE-180 binding in the injured spinal cord compared with the binding in the control groups. Furthermore, they also showed decreased tracer uptake in the T10 SCI area in relation to the non-injured remainder of the spinal cord in the SCI-DHA group compared with the SCI-saline group (P < 0.05), supporting a NI modulatory effect of DHA. Immunohistochemistry showed a high level of TSPO expression (38 %) at the T10 injury site in SCI animals compared with that in the non-injured animals (6 %). Conclusion [18F]GE-180 PET imaging can reveal areas of increased TSPO expression that can be visualized and quantified in vivo after SCI, offering a minimally invasive approach to the monitoring of NI in SCI models and providing a translatable clinical readout for the testing of new therapies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00259-016-3391-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Tremoleda
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, The Blizard Institute, London, UK.
| | - O Thau-Zuchman
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, The Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - M Davies
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, The Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - J Foster
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - I Khan
- GE Healthcare Ltd, Amersham, UK
| | - K C Vadivelu
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, The Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - P K Yip
- Centre for Trauma Sciences, The Blizard Institute, London, UK
| | - J Sosabowski
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - W Trigg
- GE Healthcare Ltd, Amersham, UK
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Zhang F, Yu H, Ni X, Zhu J, Wang S, Shen S. Effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the growth of IEC-6 cells injured by heavy metals. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:635-641. [PMID: 27123260 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollution is a current area of focus worldwide, particularly heavy metal pollution. Feasible prevention or therapeutic strategies are required. Exploration of the correlation between ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) and intestinal epithelial cells injured by heavy metals may be of significance for intestinal health. In the present study, the effects of ω-3 PUFAs on the rat intestinal crypt cell line (IEC-6) injured by heavy metals and its mechanisms were determined according to the evaluation of cell viability and expression levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). The results demonstrated that ω-3 PUFAs can improve the viability of IEC-6 cells injured by heavy metals and the expression level of ROS was correlated with oxidative damage; the increased expression level of inflammatory factors is associated with cell apoptosis. In the present study, ω-3 PUFAs significantly decreased the expression levels of ROS, EGF and IL-6. This indicates that the protective action of ω-3 PUFAs was associated with a decrease of oxidative damage and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression against the damage of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, P.R. China
| | - Haining Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Ni
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - Shengrong Shen
- School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
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Lin WP, Xiong GP, Lin Q, Chen XW, Zhang LQ, Shi JX, Ke QF, Lin JH. Heme oxygenase-1 promotes neuron survival through down-regulation of neuronal NLRP1 expression after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:52. [PMID: 26925775 PMCID: PMC4772494 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the mechanisms underlying neuronal death in spinal cord injury (SCI) and developing novel therapeutic approaches for SCI-induced damage are critical for functional recovery. Here we investigated the role of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in neuroprotection after SCI. Methods Adeno-associated virus expressing HO-1 was prepared and injected into rat spinal cords before SCI model was performed. HO-1 expression, inflammasome activation, and the presence of inflammatory cytokines were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistological staining, immunoblot, and immunoprecipitation. Neuronal apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling. The hindlimb locomotor function was evaluated for extent of neurologic damage. In an in vitro model, hydrogen peroxide was used to induce similar inflammasome activation in cultured primary spinal cord neurons, followed by evaluation of above parameters with or without transduction of HO-1-expressing adeno-associated virus. Results Endogenous HO-1 expression was found in spinal cord neurons after SCI in vivo, in association with the expression of Nod-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) and the formation of NLRP1 inflammasomes. Administration of HO-1-expressing adeno-associated virus effectively decreased expression of NLRP1, therefore alleviating NLRP1 inflammasome-induced neuronal death and improving functional recovery. In the in vitro model, exogenous HO-1 expression protected neurons from hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal death by inhibiting NLRP1 expression. In addition, HO-1 inhibited expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which is a transcription factor regulating NLRP1 expression. Conclusions HO-1 protects spinal cord neurons after SCI through inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome formation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0521-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ping Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
| | - Gong-Peng Xiong
- Hepatology Unit, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen, 361009, China.
| | - Qing Lin
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Xuan-Wei Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
| | - Jin-Xing Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
| | - Qing-Feng Ke
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
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Effect of adenovirus-mediated RNA interference of IL-1β expression on spinal cord injury in rats. Spinal Cord 2016; 54:778-784. [PMID: 26902461 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN We introduced an adenoviral vector expressing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) small-hairpin RNA (shRNA) into the injured spinal cords to evaluate the therapeutic potential of IL-1β downregulation in a rat model of spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of the IL-1β downregulation on traumatic SCI in rats. SETTING Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China. METHODS An adenoviral shRNA targeting IL-1β was constructed and injected at the T12 section 7 days before SCI. The rats' motor functions were evaluated by the Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) rating scale. Immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow-cytometric analysis and western blots were also performed. RESULTS Animals downregulating IL-1β had significantly better recovery of locomotor function and less neuronal loss after SCI. In addition, IL-1β downregulation significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level and Bax expression, reduced the activity of caspase-3 and increased Bcl-2 expression after SCI. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the IL-1β downregulation may have potential therapeutic benefits for both reducing secondary damages and improving the outcomes after traumatic SCI.
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Komprda T, Sládek Z, Škultéty O, Křížková S, Rozíková V, Němcová B, Šustrová T, Valová M. Effect of dietarySchizochytriummicroalga oil on selected markers of low-grade inflammation in rats. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:1169-1178. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Komprda
- Department of Food Technology; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Z. Sládek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - O. Škultéty
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - S. Křížková
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - V. Rozíková
- Department of Food Technology; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - B. Němcová
- Department of Food Technology; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - T. Šustrová
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - M. Valová
- Department of Food Technology; Mendel University in Brno; Brno Czech Republic
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Samaddar S. Effect of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) on Spinal Cord Injury. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2016; 12:27-39. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28383-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Trépanier MO, Hopperton KE, Orr SK, Bazinet RP. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in animal models with neuroinflammation: An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:187-206. [PMID: 26036964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a characteristic of a multitude of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Modulating inflammatory pathways offers a potential therapeutic target in these disorders. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving properties in the periphery, however, their effect on neuroinflammation is less studied. This review summarizes 61 animal studies that tested the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on neuroinflammatory outcomes in vivo in various models including stroke, spinal cord injury, aging, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, lipopolysaccharide and IL-1β injections, diabetes, neuropathic pain, traumatic brain injury, depression, surgically induced cognitive decline, whole body irradiation, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced excitotoxicity and lupus. The evidence presented in this review suggests anti-neuroinflammatory properties of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, however, it is not clear by which mechanism omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids exert their effect. Future research should aim to isolate the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on neuroinflammatory signaling in vivo and elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Olivier Trépanier
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E2
| | - Kathryn E Hopperton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E2
| | - Sarah K Orr
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E2
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada M5S 3E2.
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Zendedel A, Habib P, Dang J, Lammerding L, Hoffmann S, Beyer C, Slowik A. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate neuroinflammation and mitigate ischemic stroke damage through interactions with astrocytes and microglia. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 278:200-11. [PMID: 25468770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA n3) provide neuroprotection due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties as well as their regulatory function on growth factors and neuronal plasticity. These qualities enable PUFA n3 to ameliorate stroke outcome and limit neuronal damage. Young adult male rats received transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). PUFA n3 were intravenously administered into the jugular vein immediately after stroke and 12h later. We analyzed stroke volume and behavioral performance as well as the regulation of functionally-relevant genes in the penumbra. The extent of ischemic damage was reduced and behavioral performance improved subject to applied PUFA n3. Expression of Tau and growth-associated protein-43 genes were likewise restored. Ischemia-induced increase of cytokine mRNA levels was abated by PUFA n3. Using an in vitro approach, we demonstrate that cultured astroglial and microglia directly respond to PUFA n3 administration by preventing ischemia-induced increase of cyclooxygenase 2, hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and interleukin 1beta. Cultured cortical neurons also appeared as direct targets, since PUFA n3 shifted the Bcl-2-like protein 4 (Bax)/B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl 2) ratio towards an anti-apoptotic constellation. Thus, PUFA n3 reveal a high neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential in an acute ischemic stroke model by targeting astroglial and microglial function as well as improving neuronal survival strategies. Our findings signify the potential clinical feasibility of PUFA n3 therapeutic treatment in stroke and other acute neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adib Zendedel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Pardes Habib
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jon Dang
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Leoni Lammerding
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hoffmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Cordian Beyer
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Alexander Slowik
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Bowes AL, Yip PK. Modulating inflammatory cell responses to spinal cord injury: all in good time. J Neurotrauma 2014; 31:1753-66. [PMID: 24934600 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury can have a range of debilitating effects, permanently impacting a patient's quality of life. Initially thought to be an immune privileged site, the spinal cord is able to mount a timely and well organized inflammatory response to injury. Intricate immune cell interactions are triggered, typically consisting of a staggered multiphasic immune cell response, which can become deregulated if left unchecked. Although several immunomodulatory compounds have yielded success in experimental rodent spinal cord injury models, their translation to human clinical studies needs further consideration. Because temporal differences between rodent and human inflammatory responses to spinal cord injury do exist, drug delivery timing will be a crucial component in recovery from spinal cord injury. Given too early, immunomodulatory therapies may impede beneficial inflammatory reactions to the injured spinal cord or even miss the opportunity to dampen delayed harmful autoimmune processes. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the temporal inflammatory response to spinal cord injury, as well as detailing specific immune cell functions. By clearly defining the chronological order of inflammatory events after trauma, immunomodulatory drug delivery timing can be better optimized. Further, we compare spinal cord injury-induced inflammatory responses in rodent and human studies, enabling clinicians to consider these differences when initiating clinical trials. Improved understanding of the cellular immune response after spinal cord injury would enhance the efficacy of immunomodulatory agents, enabling combined therapies to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Bowes
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London , London, United Kingdom
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Kitessa SM, Abeywardena M, Wijesundera C, Nichols PD. DHA-containing oilseed: a timely solution for the sustainability issues surrounding fish oil sources of the health-benefitting long-chain omega-3 oils. Nutrients 2014; 6:2035-58. [PMID: 24858407 PMCID: PMC4042577 DOI: 10.3390/nu6052035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Benefits of long-chain (≥C20) omega-3 oils (LC omega-3 oils) for reduction of the risk of a range of disorders are well documented. The benefits result from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); optimal intake levels of these bioactive fatty acids for maintenance of normal health and prevention of diseases have been developed and adopted by national and international health agencies and science bodies. These developments have led to increased consumer demand for LC omega-3 oils and, coupled with increasing global population, will impact on future sustainable supply of fish. Seafood supply from aquaculture has risen over the past decades and it relies on harvest of wild catch fisheries also for its fish oil needs. Alternate sources of LC omega-3 oils are being pursued, including genetically modified soybean rich in shorter-chain stearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4ω3). However, neither oils from traditional oilseeds such as linseed, nor the SDA soybean oil have shown efficient conversion to DHA. A recent breakthrough has seen the demonstration of a land plant-based oil enriched in DHA, and with omega-6 PUFA levels close to that occurring in marine sources of EPA and DHA. We review alternative sources of DHA supply with emphasis on the need for land plant oils containing EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soressa M Kitessa
- CSIRO Animal, Foods and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Mahinda Abeywardena
- CSIRO Animal, Foods and Health Sciences, P.O. Box 10041, Adelaide BC, SA 5000, Australia.
| | - Chakra Wijesundera
- CSIRO Animal, Foods and Health Sciences, Werribee, Victoria, VIC 3030, Australia.
| | - Peter D Nichols
- Food Futures Flagship, Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia.
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Figueroa JD, De Leon M. Neurorestorative targets of dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in neurological injury. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 50:197-213. [PMID: 24740740 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8701-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-O3PUFAs) exhibit therapeutic potential for the treatment and prevention of the neurological deficits associated with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the mechanisms implicated in these protective responses remain unclear. The objective of the present functional metabolomics study was to identify and define the dominant metabolic pathways targeted by dietary LC-O3PUFAs. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed rodent purified chows containing menhaden fish oil-derived LC-O3PUFAs for 8 weeks before being subjected to sham or spinal cord contusion surgeries. We show, through untargeted metabolomics, that dietary LC-O3PUFAs regulate important biochemical signatures associated with amino acid metabolism and free radical scavenging in both the injured and sham-operated spinal cord. Of particular significance, the spinal cord metabolome of animals fed with LC-O3PUFAs exhibited reduced glucose levels (-48 %) and polar uncharged/hydrophobic amino acids (less than -20 %) while showing significant increases in the levels of antioxidant/anti-inflammatory amino acids and peptides metabolites, including β-alanine (+24 %), carnosine (+33 %), homocarnosine (+27 %), kynurenine (+88 %), when compared to animals receiving control diets (p < 0.05). Further, we found that dietary LC-O3PUFAs impacted the levels of neurotransmitters and the mitochondrial metabolism, as evidenced by significant increases in the levels of N-acetylglutamate (+43 %) and acetyl CoA levels (+27 %), respectively. Interestingly, this dietary intervention resulted in a global correction of the pro-oxidant metabolic profile that characterized the SCI-mediated sensorimotor dysfunction. In summary, the significant benefits of metabolic homeostasis and increased antioxidant defenses unlock important neurorestorative pathways of dietary LC-O3PUFAs against SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny D Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
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35
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Lan WB, Lin JH, Chen XW, Wu CY, Zhong GX, Zhang LQ, Lin WP, Liu WN, Li X, Lin JL. Overexpressing neuroglobin improves functional recovery by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury. Brain Res 2014; 1562:100-8. [PMID: 24675030 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study was performed to evaluate the mechanisms and therapeutic effects of overexpressing neuroglobin (Ngb) on spinal cord injury (SCI). Adeno-associated virus (AAV) was injected in the T12 section 7 days before SCI. Animals were randomly divided into four groups: a sham group, a vehicle group, an AAV-EGFP group and an AAV-Ngb group. Recovery of hind limb locomotor function was determined during the 3-week post operation period by the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan locomotor rating scale. At 24 h after SCI and at the end of the study, the segments of spinal cord, centered with the lesion site were harvested for histopathological analysis. Immunofluorescence was performed using antibodies to recognize neuN in the lesion sections. At 24 h after SCI, the spinal cord tissue samples were removed to analyze tissue concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Apoptotic cells were assessed using a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) kit. The expression of bcl-2, bax, cytochrome c, and cleaved caspase-3, were determined by Western blot assay and immunostaining analysis. The results showed that animals overexpressing Ngb had significantly greater recovery of locomotor function, less neuronal loss and fewer apoptotic cells. In addition, overexpressing Ngb significantly increased bcl-2 expression and SOD level, decreased bax expression, attenuated the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytosol fraction, and reduced the activity of caspase-3 and MDA level after SCI. These findings suggest, that overexpressing Ngb can significantly improve the recovery of locomotor function. This neuroprotective effect may be associated with the inhibition of neural apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Lan
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-Hua Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Xuan-Wei Chen
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chao-Yang Wu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guang-Xian Zhong
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Qun Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wen-Ping Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei-Nan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated People׳s Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jin-Luan Lin
- The First Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Paterniti I, Impellizzeri D, Di Paola R, Esposito E, Gladman S, Yip P, Priestley JV, Michael-Titus AT, Cuzzocrea S. Docosahexaenoic acid attenuates the early inflammatory response following spinal cord injury in mice: in-vivo and in-vitro studies. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:6. [PMID: 24405628 PMCID: PMC3895696 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two families of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6), are required for physiological functions. The long chain ω-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have significant biological effects. In particular, DHA is a major component of cell membranes in the brain. It is also involved in neurotransmission. Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a highly devastating pathology that can lead to catastrophic dysfunction, with a significant reduction in the quality of life. Previous studies have shown that EPA and DHA can exert neuroprotective effects in SCI in mice and rats. The aim of this study was to analyze the mechanism of action of ω-3 PUFAs, such as DHA, in a mouse model of SCI, with a focus on the early pathophysiological processes. Methods In this study, SCI was induced in mice by the application of an aneurysm clip onto the dura mater via a four-level T5 to T8 laminectomy. Thirty minutes after compression, animals received a tail vein injection of DHA at a dose of 250 nmol/kg. All animals were killed at 24 h after SCI, to evaluate various parameters implicated in the spread of the injury. Results Our results in this in-vivo study clearly demonstrate that DHA treatment reduces key factors associated with spinal cord trauma. Treatment with DHA significantly reduced: (1) the degree of spinal cord inflammation and tissue injury, (2) pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α), (3) nitrotyrosine formation, (4) glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and (5) apoptosis (Fas-L, Bax, and Bcl-2 expression). Moreover, DHA significantly improved the recovery of limb function. Furthermore, in this study we evaluated the effect of oxidative stress on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells using a well-characterized in-vitro model. Treatment with DHA ameliorated the effects of oxidative stress on neurite length and branching. Conclusions Our results, in vivo and in vitro, clearly demonstrate that DHA treatment reduces the development of inflammation and tissue injury associated with spinal cord trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D'Alcontres, 98166 Messina, Italy.
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Omega-3 fatty acids and traumatic neurological injury: from neuroprotection to neuroplasticity? Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:30-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2013.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Satkunendrarajah K, Fehlings MG. Do omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ameliorate spinal cord injury? Exp Neurol 2013; 249:104-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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39
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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation improves neurologic recovery and attenuates white matter injury after experimental traumatic brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2013; 33:1474-84. [PMID: 23801244 PMCID: PMC3764381 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2013.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids is a safe, economical mean of preventive medicine that has shown protection against several neurologic disorders. The present study tested the hypothesis that this method is protective against controlled cortical impact (CCI). Indeed, mice fed with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched diet for 2 months exhibited attenuated short and long-term behavioral deficits due to CCI. Although ω-3 PUFAs did not decrease cortical lesion volume, these fatty acids did protect against hippocampal neuronal loss after CCI and reduced pro-inflammatory response. Interestingly, ω-3 PUFAs prevented the loss of myelin basic protein (MPB), preserved the integrity of the myelin sheath, and maintained the nerve fiber conductivity in the CCI model. ω-3 PUFAs also directly protected oligodendrocyte cultures from excitotoxicity and blunted the microglial activation-induced death of oligodendrocytes in microglia/oligodendrocyte cocultures. In sum, ω-3 PUFAs elicit multifaceted protection against behavioral dysfunction, hippocampal neuronal loss, inflammation, and loss of myelination and impulse conductivity. The present report is the first demonstration that ω-3 PUFAs protect against white matter injury in vivo and in vitro. The protective impact of ω-3 PUFAs supports the clinical use of this dietary supplement as a prophylaxis against traumatic brain injury and other nervous system disorders.
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Hashimoto M, Inoue T, Katakura M, Tanabe Y, Hossain S, Tsuchikura S, Shido O. Prescription n-3 fatty acids, but not eicosapentaenoic acid alone, improve reference memory-related learning ability by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in SHR.Cg-Lepr(cp)/NDmcr rats, a metabolic syndrome model. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:2124-35. [PMID: 23963508 PMCID: PMC3778907 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is implicated in the decline of cognitive ability. We investigated whether the prescription n-3 fatty acid administration improves cognitive learning ability in SHR.Cg-Lepr(cp)/NDmcr (SHR-cp) rats, a metabolic syndrome model, in comparison with administration of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5, n-3) alone. Administration of TAK-085 [highly purified and concentrated n-3 fatty acid formulation containing EPA ethyl ester and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3) ethyl ester] at 300 mg/kg body weight per day for 13 weeks reduced the number of reference memory-related errors in SHR-cp rats, but EPA alone had no effect, suggesting that long-term TAK-085 administration improves cognitive learning ability in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. However, the working memory-related errors were not affected in either of the rat groups. TAK-085 and EPA administration increased plasma EPA and DHA levels of SHR-cp rats, associating with an increase in EPA and DHA in the cerebral cortex. The TAK-085 administration decreased the lipid peroxide levels and reactive oxygen species in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of SHR-cp rats, suggesting that TAK-085 increases antioxidative defenses. Its administration also increased the brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels in the cortical and hippocampal tissues of TAK-085-administered rats. The present study suggests that long-term TAK-085 administration is a possible therapeutic strategy for protecting against metabolic syndrome-induced learning decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8501, Japan,
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41
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Nobre MEP, Correia AO, Borges MDB, Sampaio TMA, Chakraborty SA, Gonçalves DDO, Brito GADC, Leal LKAM, Felipe CFB, Lucetti DL, Arida RM, Viana GSDB. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid exert anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in rodents at low doses. Nutr Res 2013; 33:422-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2013.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Dacks PA, Shineman DW, Fillit HM. Current evidence for the clinical use of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids to prevent age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17:240-51. [PMID: 23459977 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-012-0431-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An NIH State of the Science Conference panel concluded in 2010 that insufficient evidence is available to recommend the use of any primary prevention therapy for Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline with age. Despite the insufficient evidence, candidate therapies with varying levels of evidence for safety and efficacy are taken by the public and discussed in the media. One example is the long-chain n-3 (omega-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFA), DHA and EPA, found in some fish and dietary supplements. With this report, we seek to provide a practical overview and rating of the level and type of available evidence that n-3 LC-PUFA supplements are safe and protective against cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease, with additional discussion of the evidence for effects on quality of life, vascular aging, and the rate of aging. We discuss available sources, dose, bioavailability, and variables that may impact the response to n-3 LC-PUFA treatment such as baseline n-3 LC-PUFA status, APOE ε4 genotype, depression, and background diet. Lastly, we list ongoing clinical trials and propose next research steps to validate these fatty acids for primary prevention of cognitive aging and dementia. Of particular relevance, epidemiology indicates a higher risk of cognitive decline in people in the lower quartile of n-3 LC-PUFA intake or blood levels but these populations have not been specifically targeted by RCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Dacks
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, USA.
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Figueroa JD, Cordero K, Llán MS, De Leon M. Dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve the neurolipidome and restore the DHA status while promoting functional recovery after experimental spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2013; 30:853-68. [PMID: 23294084 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2012.2718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) confer multiple health benefits and decrease the risk of neurological disorders. Studies are needed, however, to identify promising cellular targets and to assess their prophylactic value against neurodegeneration. The present study (1) examined the efficacy of a preventive diet enriched with ω-3 PUFAs to reduce dysfunction in a well-established spinal cord injury (SCI) animal model and (2) used a novel metabolomics data analysis to identify potential neurolipidomic targets. Rats were fed with either control chow or chow enriched with ω-3 PUFAs (750 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks before being subjected to a sham or a contusion SCI operation. We report new evidence showing that rats subjected to SCI after being pre-treated with a diet enriched with ω-3 PUFAs exhibit significantly better functional outcomes. Pre-treated animals exhibited lower sensory deficits, autonomic bladder recovery, and early improvements in locomotion that persisted for at least 8 weeks after trauma. We found that SCI triggers a robust alteration in the cord PUFA neurolipidome, which was characterized by a marked docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) deficiency. This DHA deficiency was associated with dysfunction and corrected with the ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet. Multivariate data analyses revealed that the spinal cord of animals consuming the ω-3 PUFA-enriched diet had a fundamentally distinct neurolipidome, particularly increasing the levels of essential and long chain ω-3 fatty acids and lysolipids at the expense of ω-6 fatty acids and its metabolites. Altogether, dietary ω-3 PUFAs prophylaxis confers resiliency to SCI mediated, at least in part, by generating a neuroprotective and restorative neurolipidome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny D Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine and Departments of Basic Sciences and Pathology and Human Anatomy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
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Lim SN, Huang W, Hall JC, Michael-Titus AT, Priestley JV. Improved outcome after spinal cord compression injury in mice treated with docosahexaenoic acid. Exp Neurol 2013; 239:13-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ying Z, Feng C, Agrawal R, Zhuang Y, Gomez-Pinilla F. Dietary omega-3 deficiency from gestation increases spinal cord vulnerability to traumatic brain injury-induced damage. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52998. [PMID: 23300842 PMCID: PMC3532480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with gait deficits, the effects of TBI on spinal cord centers are poorly understood. We seek to determine the influence of TBI on the spinal cord and the potential of dietary omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids to counteract these effects. Male rodents exposed to diets containing adequate or deficient levels of n-3 since gestation received a moderate fluid percussion injury when becoming 14 weeks old. TBI reduced levels of molecular systems important for synaptic plasticity (BDNF, TrkB, and CREB) and plasma membrane homeostasis (4-HNE, iPLA2, syntaxin-3) in the lumbar spinal cord. These effects of TBI were more dramatic in the animals exposed to the n-3 deficient diet. Results emphasize the comprehensive action of TBI across the neuroaxis, and the critical role of dietary n-3 as a means to build resistance against the effects of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ying
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Cameron Feng
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Yumei Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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