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Backus GA, Clements CF, Baskett ML. Restoring spatiotemporal variability to enhance the capacity for dispersal-limited species to track climate change. Ecology 2024; 105:e4257. [PMID: 38426609 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Climate refugia are areas where species can persist through climate change with little to no movement. Among the factors associated with climate refugia are high spatial heterogeneity, such that there is only a short distance between current and future optimal climates, as well as biotic or abiotic environmental factors that buffer against variability in time. However, these types of climate refugia may be declining due to anthropogenic homogenization of environments and degradation of environmental buffers. To quantify the potential for restoration of refugia-like environmental conditions to increase population persistence under climate change, we simulated a population's capacity to track their temperature over space and time given different levels of spatial and temporal variability in temperature. To determine how species traits affected the efficacy of restoring heterogeneity, we explored an array of values for species' dispersal ability, thermal tolerance, and fecundity. We found that species were more likely to persist in environments with higher spatial heterogeneity and lower environmental stochasticity. When simulating a management action that increased the spatial heterogeneity of a previously homogenized environment, species were more likely to persist through climate change, and population sizes were generally higher, but there was little effect with mild temperature change. The benefits of heterogeneity restoration were greatest for species with limited dispersal ability. In contrast, species with longer dispersal but lower fecundity were more likely to benefit from a reduction in environmental stochasticity than an increase in spatial heterogeneity. Our results suggest that restoring environments to refugia-like conditions could promote species' persistence under the influence of climate change in addition to conservation strategies such as assisted migration, corridors, and increased protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Backus
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Marissa L Baskett
- Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Zhang X, Li YL, Kaldy JE, Suonan Z, Komatsu T, Xu S, Xu M, Wang F, Liu P, Liu X, Yue S, Zhang Y, Lee KS, Liu JX, Zhou Y. Population genetic patterns across the native and invasive range of a widely distributed seagrass: Phylogeographic structure, invasive history and conservation implications. DIVERS DISTRIB 2024; 30:1-18. [PMID: 38515563 PMCID: PMC10953713 DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The seagrass Zostera japonica is a dramatically declined endemic species in the Northwestern Pacific from the (sub)tropical to temperate areas, however, it is also an introduced species along the Pacific coast of North America from British Columbia to northern California. Understanding the population's genetic patterns can inform the conservation and management of this species. Location North Pacific. Methods We used sequences of the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and chloroplast trnK intron maturase (matK), and 24 microsatellite loci to survey 34 native and nonnative populations (>1000 individuals) of Z. japonica throughout the entire biogeographic range. We analysed the phylogeographic relationship, population genetic structure and genetic diversity of all populations and inferred possible origins and invasion pathways of the nonnative ones. Results All markers revealed a surprising and significant deep divergence between northern and southern populations of Z. japonica in the native region separated by a well-established biogeographical boundary. A secondary contact zone was found along the coasts of South Korea and Japan. Nonnative populations were found to originate from the central Pacific coast of Japan with multiple introductions from at least two different source populations, and secondary spread was likely aided by waterfowl. Main Conclusions The divergence of the two distinct clades was likely due to the combined effects of historical isolation, adaptation to distinct environments and a contemporary physical barrier created by the Yangtze River, and the warm northward Kuroshio Current led to secondary contact after glacial separation. Existing exchanges among the nonnative populations indicate the potential for persistence and further expansion. This study not only helps to understand the underlying evolutionary potential of a widespread seagrass species following global climate change but also provides valuable insights for conservation and restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu-Long Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - James E. Kaldy
- US EPA, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - Zhaxi Suonan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | | | - Shaochun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Min Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Feng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xujia Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Shidong Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kun-Seop Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
| | - Jin-Xian Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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3
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Li HD, Holyoak M, Xiao Z. Disentangling spatiotemporal dynamics in metacommunities through a species-patch network approach. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:1261-1276. [PMID: 37493107 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Colonization and extinction at local and regional scales, and gains and losses of patches are important processes in the spatiotemporal dynamics of metacommunities. However, analytical challenges remain in quantifying such spatiotemporal dynamics when species extinction-colonization and patch gain and loss processes act simultaneously. Recent advances in network analysis show great potential in disentangling the roles of colonization, extinction, and patch dynamics in metacommunities. Here, we developed a species-patch network approach to quantify metacommunity dynamics including (i) temporal changes in network structure, and (ii) temporal beta diversity of species-patch links and its components that reflect species extinction-colonization and patch gain and loss. Application of the methods to simulated datasets demonstrated that the approach was informative about metacommunity assembly processes. Based on three empirical datasets, our species-patch network approach provided additional information about metacommunity dynamics through distinguishing the effects of species colonization and extinction at different scales from patch gains and losses and how specific environmental factors related to species-patch network structure. In conclusion, our species-patch network framework provides effective methods for monitoring and revealing long-term metacommunity dynamics by quantifying gains and losses of both species and patches under local and global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Marcel Holyoak
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Zhishu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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4
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Zhao Y, Huang X, Li Q, Huang L, Kang Z, Zhao J. Virulence Phenotyping and Molecular Genotyping Reveal High Diversity Within and Strong Gene Flow Between the Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Populations Collected from Barberry and Wheat in Shaanxi Province of China. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:701-712. [PMID: 35869588 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-21-2713-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Emergence of new Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici races that overcome resistance of wheat cultivars is a challenging issue for wheat production. Although sexual reproduction of the fungus on barberry plants under field conditions in the spring in China has been reported, the diversity of the pathogen on barberry plants and the relationship to the population in wheat fields have not been determined. In the present study, two P. striiformis f. sp. tritici populations collected in western Shaanxi Province in May 2016, one from barberry plants (103 isolates) and the other from nearby wheat crops (107 isolates), were phenotyped for virulence and genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The phenotypic and genotypic data of the two populations were compared to determine their relationships. A total of 120 races, including 29 previously known races (seven were shared by the two populations) and 91 new races (35 from barberry and 56 from wheat), were identified. Similarly, a total of 132 multilocus genotypes, including 51 only from barberry, 77 only from wheat, and four from both, were detected using the SSR markers. Analyses of molecular variance identified high (93%) genetic variance within populations and low but still significant variance (7%) between the populations. Nonparametric multivariate discriminant analysis of principal components and STRUCTURE analysis showed that the two populations had a close relationship with little genetic differentiation (FST = 0.038) and strong gene flow (Nm = 6.34, P = 0.001) between them. Although the analysis of linkage disequilibrium indicated clonal populations, the isolation of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from barberry plants and the high genetic diversities in the barberry and wheat populations suggest that barberry plants provide aeciospores to infect wheat crops in the area. The information is useful for understanding stripe rust epidemiology and management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xueling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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5
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Temporal decline of genetic differentiation among populations of western flower thrips across an invaded range. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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6
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Kramer JMF, Zwiener VP, Müller SC. Biotic homogenization and differentiation of plant communities in tropical and subtropical forests. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14025. [PMID: 36285615 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts on biodiversity can lead to biotic homogenization (BH) and biotic differentiation (BD). BH is a process of increasing similarity in community composition (including taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic components), whereas BD is a process of decreasing similarity over space and time. Here, we conducted a systematic review of BH and BD in plant communities in tropical and subtropical forests to identify trends and knowledge gaps. Our bibliometric search in the Web of Science returned 1989 papers, of which 151 matched our criteria and were included in the analysis. The Neotropical region had the largest number of articles, and Brazil was the most represented country with 92 studies. Regarding the type of change, homogenization was more frequent than differentiation (noted in 69.6% of publications). The taxonomic diversity component was measured more often than functional and phylogenetic diversity components. Most studies (75.6%) assessed homogenization and differentiation based on a single observation in time; as opposed to few studies that monitored plant community over multiple years. Forest fragmentation was cited as the main determinant of homogenization and differentiation processes (57.2% of articles). Our results highlight the importance of evaluating community composition over time and more than taxonomic components (i.e., functional and phylogenetic) to advance understanding of homogenization and differentiation. Both processes were scale dependent and not mutually exclusive. As such, future research should consider differentiation as a potential transition phase to homogenization and that potential differences in both processes may depend on the spatial and temporal scale adopted. Understanding the complexity and causes of homogenization and differentiation is essential for biodiversity conservation in a world increasingly affected by anthropogenic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean M Freitag Kramer
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia de Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, Brazil
| | - Victor P Zwiener
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Biogeografia de Plantas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Setor Palotina, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Palotina, Brazil
| | - Sandra Cristina Müller
- Laboratório de Ecologia Vegetal (LEVEG), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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7
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Keeney DB, Cobb SA, Jadin RC, Orlofske SA. Atypical life cycle does not lead to inbreeding or selfing in parasites despite clonemate accumulation in intermediate hosts. Mol Ecol 2022; 32:1777-1790. [PMID: 36579456 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Many parasites utilize asexual and sexual reproduction and multiple hosts to complete their life cycles. How these taxa avoid inbreeding is an essential question for understanding parasite evolution and ecology. Aquatic trematodes that require multiple host species may benefit from diverse genetic parasite assemblages accumulating within second intermediate hosts prior to sexual reproduction in definitive hosts. However, Cotylurus species are able to utilize the same snail species as first and second intermediate hosts, potentially resulting in the accumulation of genetically identical clones (clonemates) prior to sexual reproduction. In this study, we developed and analysed novel microsatellite loci to determine if clones are accumulating within snail hosts prior to ingestion by bird hosts and the effects this could have on parasite inbreeding. Contrary to previous studies of aquatic trematodes, significantly large numbers of clonemates were present within snails, but full-sibs were not. Genetic structure was present over a relatively small geographical scale despite the use of vagile definitive hosts. Phylogenetic analysis identified the Cotylurus sp. clones as belonging to a single species. Despite the presence of clones within snails, mating between clones/selfing was not common and heterozygosity is maintained within individuals. Potential issues with clones mating may be mitigated by the presence of snails with numerous clones, the consumption of many snails by bird hosts and parasite clone recognition/avoidance. Use of the same host species for multiple life stages may have advantages when parasites are able to avoid inbreeding and the required hosts are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon B Keeney
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sarah A Cobb
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Robert C Jadin
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biology, Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sarah A Orlofske
- Department of Biology, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Biology, Museum of Natural History, University of Wisconsin - Stevens Point, Stevens Point, Wisconsin, USA
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8
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Zhang J, Song Z, Li Z, Yang J, Xie Z. Life history and population ecology of Radix swinhoei (Lymnaeidae) in nearshore regions of a hypereutrophic plateau lake. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9631. [PMID: 36532136 PMCID: PMC9750820 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessment of life history and population ecology of widespread species in ultra-eutrophic freshwater lakes is a prerequisite for understanding the mechanisms by which widespread species respond to eutrophication. Freshwater pulmonate (Radix swinhoei) is widespread and abundant in many eutrophic water bodies in Asia. Despite its key roles in eutrophic lake systems, the information on life history and population ecology of R. swinhoei is lacking, especially in ultra-eutrophic freshwater plateau lakes. Here, we conducted a 1-year survey of R. swinhoei with monthly collections to measure the life history traits (life span and growth), annual secondary production, and population size structure of R. swinhoei in nearshore regions with a high seasonally variation of nutrients in Lake Dianchi, a typic hypereutrophic plateau lake in Southwest China. Our results showed that R. swinhoei had the highest biomass in autumn and had the lowest in winter. Its maximum potential life span was 2.5 years, with three recruitment periods (November, March, and July) within a year. Its annual secondary production and P/B ratio were 137.19 g WW/m2 and 16.05, respectively. Redundancy analysis showed that eutrophication-related environmental factors had weak correlations with population size structure of R. swinhoei. Our results suggested that R. swinhoei is a typical r-strategist with high secondary production and thrive in eutrophic environment. Our study can help better understand the mechanisms for widespread species to survive eutrophication and could also be relevant for biodiversity conservation and management of eutrophic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Zhuoyan Song
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental ResearchUniversity of WindsorWindsorOntarioCanada
| | - Zhengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
| | - Jiali Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhicai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
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9
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Ilves A, Kaljund K, Sild E, Münzbergová Z. High genetic variation of Trifolium alpestre at the northern margin: but for how long? CONSERV GENET 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-022-01490-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Oliveira W, Cruz‐Neto O, Silva JLS, Tabarelli M, Lopes AV. Aridity mediates the effect of wood extraction on the reproductive output of an endemic disturbance‐adapted woody species (
Cenostigma microphyllum
, Leguminosae) in the Caatinga dry forest. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Willams Oliveira
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Cruz‐Neto
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil
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Ju M, Liu W, Wang L, Sun M, Kang Z, Zhao J. Two Main Routes of Spore Migration Contributing to the Occurrence of Wheat Stripe Rust in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Coastal Sporadic Epidemiological Region in 2019, Based on Phenotyping and Genotyping Analyses. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:2948-2957. [PMID: 35365052 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-21-2581-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is a destructive disease in many countries. In China, wheat stripe rust generally occurs in northwestern and southwestern China and sporadically in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang coastal epidemiological region (JZER), where an outbreak of the disease occurred in 2019. To understand the population structure and potential inoculum sources of the pathogen in this region, 171 isolates collected from 93 wheat fields of 53 counties in 10 provinces were phenotyped with two sets of wheat differentials and genotyped with 20 pairs of single-nucleotide polymorphism primers. Phenotype tests indicated that identical races (CYR34, CYR33, Su11-139, and Su11-14-1) detected in Jiangsu and Zhejiang were shared with the oversummering regions (Gansu), overwintering regions (Hubei, Henan, and Shaanxi), and Yun-Gui epidemiological regions (Yunnan and Guizhou). In JZER, races CYR32, G22-14, and G22-68 were detected in Jiangsu, but not in Zhejiang, and Su11-208 was identified in Zhejiang, but not in Jiangsu. Genotypic analysis revealed remarkable gene flows among the Jiangsu, Yunnan, Henan, and Anhui populations, as well as those of Zhejiang, Guizhou, and Sichuan, showing that wheat stripe rust in Zhejiang and Jiangsu was from spores that migrated from different routes. Major gene flows were detected between the Jiangsu and Zhejiang populations. P. striiformis f. sp. tritici from both overwintering regions (Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, and Shaanxi) and oversummering regions (Gansu) contributed to the wheat stripe rust epidemic in the JZER region in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Lin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mudi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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12
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Hidasi‐Neto J, Gomes NMA, Pinto NS. Cerrado native vegetation is a refuge for birds under the current climate change trajectory. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Hidasi‐Neto
- Departamento de Ecologia Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia Brazil
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13
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Borowy D, Swan CM. The effects of local filtering processes on the structure and functioning of native plant communities in experimental urban habitats. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9397. [PMID: 36262263 PMCID: PMC9575998 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite a growing literature-base devoted to document biodiversity patterns in cities, little is known about the processes that influence these patterns, and whether they are consistent over time. In particular, numerous studies have identified the capacity of cities to host a rich diversity of plant species. This trend, however, is driven primarily by introduced species, which comprise a large proportion of the urban species pool relative to natives. Using an experimental common garden study, we assessed the relative influence of local assembly processes (i.e., soil environmental filtering and competition from spontaneous urban species) on the taxonomic and functional diversity of native plant communities sampled over four seasons in 2016-2018. Taxonomic and functional diversity exhibited different responses to local processes, supporting the general conclusion that species- and trait-based measures of biodiversity offer distinct insights into community assembly dynamics. Additionally, we found that neither soil nor competition from spontaneous urban species influenced taxonomic or functional composition of native species. Functional composition, however, did shift strongly over time and was driven by community-weighted mean differences in both measured traits (maximum height, Hmax; specific leaf area, SLA; leaf chlorophyll a fluorescence, Chl a) and the relative proportions of different functional groups (legumes, annual and biennial-perennial species, C4 grasses, and forbs). By contrast, taxonomic composition only diverged between early and late seasons. Overall, our results indicate that native species are not only capable of establishing and persisting in vacant urban habitats, they can functionally respond to local filtering pressures over time. This suggests that regional dispersal limitation may be a primary factor limiting native species in urban environments. Thus, future regreening and management plans should focus on enhancing the dispersal potential of native plant species in urban environments, in order to achieve set goals for increasing native species diversity and associated ecosystem services in cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy Borowy
- Geography and Environmental Systems DepartmentUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Christopher M. Swan
- Geography and Environmental Systems DepartmentUniversity of MarylandBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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14
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Spatial Genetic Structure and Pathogenic Race Composition at the Field Scale in the Sunflower Downy Mildew Pathogen, Plasmopara halstedii. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101084. [PMID: 36294648 PMCID: PMC9605284 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Yield losses in sunflower crops caused by Plasmopara halstedii can be up to 100%, depending on the cultivar susceptibility, environmental conditions, and virulence of the pathogen population. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic and phenotypic structure of a sunflower downy mildew agent at the field scale. The genetic diversity of 250 P. halstedii isolates collected from one field in southern France was assessed using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and single sequence repeats (SSR). A total of 109 multilocus genotypes (MLG) were identified among the 250 isolates collected in the field. Four genotypes were repeated more than 20 times and spatially spread over the field. Estimates of genetic relationships among P. halstedii isolates using principal component analysis and a Bayesian clustering approach demonstrated that the isolates are grouped into two main genetic clusters. A high level of genetic differentiation among clusters was detected (FST = 0.35), indicating overall limited exchange between them, but our results also suggest that recombination between individuals of these groups is not rare. Genetic clusters were highly related to pathotypes, as previously described for this pathogen species. Eight different races were identified (100, 300, 304, 307, 703, 704, 707, and 714), with race 304 being predominant and present at most of the sites. The co-existence of multiple races at the field level is a new finding that could have important implications for the management of sunflower downy mildew. These data provide the first population-wide picture of the genetic structure of P. halstedii at a fine spatial scale.
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15
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Reu JC, Catano CP, Spasojevic MJ, Myers JA. Beta diversity as a driver of forest biomass across spatial scales. Ecology 2022; 103:e3774. [PMID: 35634996 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) relationships in ecology and conservation, relatively little is known about how BEF relationships change across spatial scales. Theory predicts that change in BEF relationships with increasing spatial scale will depend on variation in species composition across space (β-diversity), but empirical evidence for this is limited. Moreover, studies have not quantified the direct and indirect role the environment plays in costructuring ecosystem functioning across spatial scales. We used 14 temperate-forest plots 1.4 ha in size containing 18,323 trees to quantify scale-dependence between aboveground tree biomass and three components of tree-species diversity-α-diversity (average local diversity), γ-diversity (total diversity), and β-diversity. Using structural-equation models, we quantified the direct effects of each diversity component and the environment (soil nutrients and topography), as well as indirect effects of the environment, on tree biomass across 11 spatial extents ranging from 400 to 14,400 m2 . Our results show that the relationship between β-diversity and tree biomass strengthened with increasing spatial extent. Moreover, β-diversity appeared to be a stronger predictor of biomass than α-diversity and γ-diversity at intermediate to large spatial extents. The environment had strong direct and indirect effects on biomass, but, in contrast to diversity, these effects did not strengthen with increasing spatial extent. This study provides some of the first empirical evidence that β-diversity underpins the scaling of BEF relationships in naturally complex ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline C Reu
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P Catano
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Marko J Spasojevic
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jonathan A Myers
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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16
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Wang F, Mi X, Chen L, Xu W, Durka W, Swenson NG, Johnson DJ, Worthy SJ, Xue J, Zhu Y, Schmid B, Liang Y, Ma K. Differential impacts of adult trees on offspring and non-offspring recruits in a subtropical forest. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:1905-1913. [PMID: 36098896 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2148-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An important mechanism promoting species coexistence is conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD), which inhibits conspecific neighbors by accumulating host-specific enemies near adult trees. Natural enemies may be genotype-specific and regulate offspring dynamics more strongly than non-offspring, which is often neglected due to the difficulty in ascertaining genetic relatedness. Here, we investigated whether offspring and non-offspring of a dominant species, Castanopsis eyrei, suffered from different strength of CNDD based on parentage assignment in a subtropical forest. We found decreased recruitment efficiency (proxy of survival probability) of offspring compared with non-offspring near adult trees during the seedling-sapling transition, suggesting genotype-dependent interactions drive tree demographic dynamics. Furthermore, the genetic similarity between individuals of same cohort decreased in late life history stages, indicating genetic-relatedness-dependent tree mortality throughout ontogeny. Our results demonstrate that within-species genetic relatedness significantly affects the strength of CNDD, implying genotype-specific natural enemies may contribute to population dynamics in natural forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangcheng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Wubing Xu
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walter Durka
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Puschstrasse 4, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Department Community Ecology, Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Nathan G Swenson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, 46556, USA
- University of Notre Dame Environmental Research Center, Land O'Lakes, Wisconsin, 54540, USA
| | - Daniel J Johnson
- School of Forest, Fisheries, and Geomatics Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA
| | - Samantha J Worthy
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Jianhua Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Bernhard Schmid
- Department of Geography, Remote Sensing Laboratories, University of Zürich, Zürich, CH-8006, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
| | - Keping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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17
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Kim H, Rodriguez-Saona C, Lee HS. Population Genetics of the Blueberry Gall Midge, Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), on Blueberry and Cranberry and Testing Invasion Scenarios. INSECTS 2022; 13:880. [PMID: 36292830 PMCID: PMC9604482 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We compared the population genetic structure between populations of the blueberry gall midge-Dasineura oxycoccana (Johnson) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)-from blueberry and cranberry and determined the genetic relationships among geographical subgroups by genotyping 632 individuals from 31 different populations from their native USA regions (New Jersey, Michigan, and Georgia) and from invaded Korean regions using 12 microsatellite loci. Our population genetic analyses showed a clear separation between the two host-associated D. oxycoccana populations from blueberry and cranberry. Using data from only the blueberry-associated D. oxycoccana populations, we identified five genetically isolated subgroups. An analysis of the approximate Bayesian computation suggests that the invasive D. oxycoccana population from Korea appears to have been introduced from an unsampled source population rather than directly from its native range. Our findings will allow for an easier identification of the source of D. oxycoccana into newly invaded regions, as well as to determine their association with blueberry and cranberry, which based on our results can be considered as two distinct species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojoong Kim
- Animal Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biological Science, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Korea
| | - Cesar Rodriguez-Saona
- Department of Entomology, P.E. Marucci Center, Rutgers University, Chatsworth, NJ 08019, USA
| | - Heung-Sik Lee
- Animal & Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
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18
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Taschen E, Callot G, Savary P, Sauve M, Penuelas-Samaniego Y, Rousset F, Parlade X, Selosse MA, Richard F. Efficiency of the traditional practice of traps to stimulate black truffle production, and its ecological mechanisms. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16201. [PMID: 36171390 PMCID: PMC9519532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The black truffle Tuber melanosporum was disseminated all over the world, propelled by the development of a wide variety of empirical practices. A widespread practice, called ‘truffle trap’, consists of placing pieces of truffles into excavations dug under host trees, and of collecting truffle in these traps in the next years. This research aims at (1) evaluating the effect of this practice on fruitbody production based on the analysis of 9924 truffle traps installed in 11 orchards across T. melanosporum native area in France and (2) exploring the mechanisms involved in fruitbody emergence using traps where the genotypes of introduced truffles were compared with those of fruitbodies collected in the same traps. We confirmed that truffle traps provide a major and highly variable part of truffle ground production, representing up to 89% of the collected fruitbodies. We evidenced a genetic link between introduced spores and collected fruitbodies, and then demonstrated that truffle growers provide paternal partners for mating with local maternal mycelia. We also highlighted that soil disturbance stimulate the vegetative development of established maternal mycelia. This research supports that a widely used traditional practice enhances fruitbody production by shaping favorable conditions and providing sexual partners required for fruiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Taschen
- Eco & Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - G Callot
- Eco & Sols, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France.,, 26 chemin des olivettes, 34980, Montferrier sur Lez, France
| | - P Savary
- , Rue des Champs, La Remisière, 17480, Le Château d'Oléron, France.,CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - M Sauve
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Y Penuelas-Samaniego
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - F Rousset
- ISEM CNRS UMR 5554, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, CC 065, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France
| | - X Parlade
- Mycorrhizas-Sustainable Plant Protection, IRTA, Ctra. de Cabrils, 08348, Cabrils (Barcelona), Spain
| | - M-A Selosse
- UMR 7205 ISYEB, Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, CP 50, 45 rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.,Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - F Richard
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS - Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.
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19
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Genetic and morphological comparisons of lesser celandine (Ficaria verna) invasions suggest regionally widespread sexual reproduction. Biol Invasions 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-022-02921-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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20
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Tumpa K, Šatović Z, Liber Z, Vidaković A, Idžojtić M, Ježić M, Ćurković-Perica M, Poljak I. Gene flow between wild trees and cultivated varieties shapes the genetic structure of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15007. [PMID: 36056053 PMCID: PMC9440197 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17635-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene flow between cultivated and wild gene pools is common in the contact zone between agricultural lands and natural habitats and can be used to study the development of adaptations and selection of novel varieties. This is likely the case in the northern Adriatic region, where centuries-old cultivated orchards of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) are planted within the natural distribution area of the species. Thus, we investigated the population structure of several orchards of sweet chestnuts. Furthermore, the genetic background of three toponymous clonal varieties was explored. Six genomic simple sequence repeat (gSSR) and nine EST-derived SSR (EST-SSR) loci were utilized in this research, and both grafted and non-grafted individuals were included in this study. Five closely related clones were identified, which represent a singular, polyclonal marron variety, found in all three cultivation areas. Furthermore, many hybrids, a result of breeding between cultivated and wild chestnuts, have been found. Analyzed semi-wild orchards defined by a diverse genetic structure, represent a hotspot for further selection and could result in creation of locally adapted, high-yielding varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Tumpa
- Department of Forestry, Institute of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Šatović
- Department for Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zlatko Liber
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonio Vidaković
- Department of Forestry, Institute of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marilena Idžojtić
- Department of Forestry, Institute of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marin Ježić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirna Ćurković-Perica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Igor Poljak
- Department of Forestry, Institute of Forest Genetics, Dendrology and Botany, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, University of Zagreb, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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21
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Abstract
Sustaining biodiversity and ecosystems in the long term depends on their adjustment to a rapidly changing climate. By characterizing the structure of the marine plant eelgrass and associated communities at 50 sites across its broad range, we found that eelgrass growth form and biomass retain a legacy of Pleistocene range shifts and genetic bottlenecks that in turn affect the biomass of algae and invertebrates that fuel coastal food webs. The ecosystem-level effects of this ancient evolutionary legacy are comparable to or stronger than effects of current environmental forcing, suggesting that this economically important ecosystem may be unable to keep pace with rapid global change. Distribution of Earth’s biomes is structured by the match between climate and plant traits, which in turn shape associated communities and ecosystem processes and services. However, that climate–trait match can be disrupted by historical events, with lasting ecosystem impacts. As Earth’s environment changes faster than at any time in human history, critical questions are whether and how organismal traits and ecosystems can adjust to altered conditions. We quantified the relative importance of current environmental forcing versus evolutionary history in shaping the growth form (stature and biomass) and associated community of eelgrass (Zostera marina), a widespread foundation plant of marine ecosystems along Northern Hemisphere coastlines, which experienced major shifts in distribution and genetic composition during the Pleistocene. We found that eelgrass stature and biomass retain a legacy of the Pleistocene colonization of the Atlantic from the ancestral Pacific range and of more recent within-basin bottlenecks and genetic differentiation. This evolutionary legacy in turn influences the biomass of associated algae and invertebrates that fuel coastal food webs, with effects comparable to or stronger than effects of current environmental forcing. Such historical lags in phenotypic acclimatization may constrain ecosystem adjustments to rapid anthropogenic climate change, thus altering predictions about the future functioning of ecosystems.
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22
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Thompson ME, Halstead BJ, Donnelly MA. Riparian buffers provide refugia during secondary forest succession. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E. Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Brian J. Halstead
- U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center Dixon California USA
| | - Maureen A. Donnelly
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University Miami Florida USA
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23
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Tatsumi S, Iritani R, Cadotte MW. Partitioning the temporal changes in abundance‐based beta diversity into loss and gain components. Methods Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Tatsumi
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario Canada
- Hokkaido Research Center Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute Hokkaido Japan
| | - Ryosuke Iritani
- RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS) Saitama Japan
| | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto Scarborough Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
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24
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Li J, Shi L, Vasseur L, Zhao Q, Chen J, You M, You S. Genetic analyses reveal regional structure and demographic expansion of the predominant tea pest Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2838-2850. [PMID: 35393736 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, is the most destructive insect pest of tea plantations in East Asia. Despite its economic importance and previous studies on this species, it remains unclear as to how this small-sized pest can have such wide range. RESULTS By sequencing three mitochondrial genes and 17 microsatellite loci, we revealed the regional structure and demographic expansion of 59 E. onukii populations in China. Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure (BAPS) on microsatellites identified four genetic groups with spatial discontinuities, while analysis on mitochondrial genes inferred five nested and differentiated clusters. Both the Mantel test and the generalized linear model indicated a significant pattern of isolation by geographic distance in E. onukii populations. Based on the approximate Bayesian computation approach, E. onukii was found to have originated from southwestern China and expanded northward and eastward. While MIGRATE-N and Bayesian stochastic search variable selection (BSSVS) procedure in BEAST confirmed the possible eastward and northward dispersal from Yunnan, they also detected more gene flow from the derived populations in central and southeastern China. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the current distribution and structure of E. onukii is complicatedly influenced by human activities of cultivation, wide dissemination of tea in ancient China as well as recent transportation of tea seedlings for establishing new tea plantations. Insights into genetic differentiation and demographic expansion patterns from this study provide an important basis for the development of area-wide management of the E. onukii populations. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longqing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Rice, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liette Vasseur
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minsheng You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shijun You
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Applied Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management for Fujian-Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China
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25
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Collins CG, Elmendorf SC, Smith JG, Shoemaker L, Szojka M, Swift M, Suding KN. Global change re-structures alpine plant communities through interacting abiotic and biotic effects. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:1813-1826. [PMID: 35763598 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Global change is altering patterns of community assembly, with net outcomes dependent on species' responses to the abiotic environment, both directly and mediated through biotic interactions. Here, we assess alpine plant community responses in a 15-year factorial nitrogen addition, warming and snow manipulation experiment. We used a dynamic competition model to estimate the density-dependent and -independent processes underlying changes in species-group abundances over time. Density-dependent shifts in competitive interactions drove long-term changes in abundance of species-groups under global change while counteracting environmental drivers limited the growth response of the dominant species through density-independent mechanisms. Furthermore, competitive interactions shifted with the environment, primarily with nitrogen and drove non-linear abundance responses across environmental gradients. Our results highlight that global change can either reshuffle species hierarchies or further favour already-dominant species; predicting which outcome will occur requires incorporating both density-dependent and -independent mechanisms and how they interact across multiple global change factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney G Collins
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.,Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah C Elmendorf
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jane G Smith
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Lauren Shoemaker
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Megan Szojka
- Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Margaret Swift
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Katharine N Suding
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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26
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Ellsworth LM, Newingham BA, Shaff SE, Williams CL, Strand EK, Reeves M, Pyke DA, Schupp EW, Chambers JC. Fuel reduction treatments reduce modeled fire intensity in the sagebrush steppe. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Ellsworth
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | | | - S. E. Shaff
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - C. L. Williams
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - E. K. Strand
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences University of Idaho Moscow Idaho USA
| | - M. Reeves
- Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service Missoula Montana USA
| | - D. A. Pyke
- Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Corvallis Oregon USA
| | - E. W. Schupp
- Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center Utah State University Logan Utah USA
| | - J. C. Chambers
- Rocky Mountain Research Station USDA Forest Service Reno Nevada USA
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27
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Zhang Y, Song W, Cao L, Chen J, Hoffmann AA, Wen J, Wei S. Population differentiation and intraspecific genetic admixture in two
Eucryptorrhynchus
weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) across northern China. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8806. [PMID: 35414902 PMCID: PMC8986550 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing damage of pests in agriculture and forestry can arise both as a consequence of changes in local species and through the introduction of alien species. In this study, we used population genetics approaches to examine population processes of two pests of the tree‐of‐heaven trunk weevil (TTW), Eucryptorrhynchus brandti (Harold) and the tree‐of‐heaven root weevil (TRW), E. scrobiculatus (Motschulsky) on the tree‐of‐heaven across their native range of China. We analyzed the population genetics of the two weevils based on ten highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. Population genetic diversity analysis showed strong population differentiation among populations of each species, with FST ranges from 0.0197 to 0.6650 and from −0.0724 to 0.6845, respectively. Populations from the same geographic areas can be divided into different genetic clusters, and the same genetic cluster contained populations from different geographic populations, pointing to dispersal of the weevils possibly being human‐mediated. Redundancy analysis showed that the independent effects of environment and geography could account for 93.94% and 29.70% of the explained genetic variance in TTW, and 41.90% and 55.73% of the explained genetic variance in TRW, respectively, indicating possible impacts of local climates on population genetic differentiation. Our study helps to uncover population genetic processes of these local pest species with relevance to control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Jie Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
- Institute of Plant Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wei Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
- Institute of Plant Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Li‐Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Jin‐Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ary A. Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences Bio21 Institute The University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Jun‐Bao Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Forest Pests Control, College of Forestry Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Shu‐Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
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28
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Cronin AD, Smit JAH, Muñoz MI, Poirier A, Moran PA, Jerem P, Halfwerk W. A comprehensive overview of the effects of urbanisation on sexual selection and sexual traits. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1325-1345. [PMID: 35262266 PMCID: PMC9541148 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Urbanisation can affect mating opportunities and thereby alter inter- and intra-sexual selection pressures on sexual traits. Biotic and abiotic urban conditions can influence an individual's success in pre- and post-copulatory mating, for example through impacts on mate attraction and mate preference, fertilisation success, resource competition or rival interactions. Divergent sexual selection pressures can lead to differences in behavioural, physiological, morphological or life-history traits between urban and non-urban populations, ultimately driving adaptation and speciation. Most studies on urban sexual selection and mating interactions report differences between urban and non-urban populations or correlations between sexual traits and factors associated with increased urbanisation, such as pollution, food availability and risk of predation and parasitism. Here we review the literature on sexual selection and sexual traits in relation to urbanisation or urban-associated conditions. We provide an extensive list of abiotic and biotic factors that can influence processes involved in mating interactions, such as signal production and transmission, mate choice and mating opportunities. We discuss all relevant data through the lens of two, non-mutually exclusive theories on sexual selection, namely indicator and sensory models. Where possible, we indicate whether these models provide the same or different predictions regarding urban-adapted sexual signals and describe different experimental designs that can be useful for the different models as well as to investigate the drivers of sexual selection. We argue that we lack a good understanding of: (i) the factors driving urban sexual selection; (ii) whether reported changes in traits result in adaptive benefits; and (iii) whether these changes reflect a short-term ecological, or long-term evolutionary response. We highlight that urbanisation provides a unique opportunity to study the process and outcomes of sexual selection, but that this requires a highly integrative approach combining experimental and observational work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Cronin
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A H Smit
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Matías I Muñoz
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Armand Poirier
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Moran
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jerem
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Halfwerk
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, Amsterdam, 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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29
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Minasiewicz J, Krawczyk E, Znaniecka J, Vincenot L, Zheleznaya E, Korybut-Orlowska J, Kull T, Selosse MA. Weak population spatial genetic structure and low infraspecific specificity for fungal partners in the rare mycoheterotrophic orchid Epipogium aphyllum. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2022; 135:275-293. [PMID: 34993702 PMCID: PMC8894228 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Some plants abandoned photosynthesis and developed full dependency on fungi for nutrition. Most of the so-called mycoheterotrophic plants exhibit high specificity towards their fungal partners. We tested whether natural rarity of mycoheterotrophic plants and usual small and fluctuating population size make their populations more prone to genetic differentiation caused by restricted gene flow and/or genetic drift. We also tested whether these genetic characteristics might in turn shape divergent fungal preferences. We studied the mycoheterotrophic orchid Epipogium aphyllum, addressing the joint issues of genetic structure of its populations over Europe and possible consequences for mycorrhizal specificity within the associated fungal taxa. Out of 27 sampled E. aphyllum populations, nine were included for genetic diversity assessment using nine nuclear microsatellites and plastid DNA. Population genetic structure was inferred based on the total number of populations. Individuals from 17 locations were included into analysis of genetic identity of mycorrhizal fungi of E. aphyllum based on barcoding by nuclear ribosomal DNA. Epipogium aphyllum populations revealed high genetic diversity (uHe = 0.562) and low genetic differentiation over vast distances (FST = 0.106 for nuclear microsatellites and FST = 0.156 for plastid DNA). Bayesian clustering analyses identified only two genetic clusters, with a high degree of admixture. Epipogium aphyllum genets arise from panmixia and display locally variable, but relatively high production of ramets, as shown by a low value of rarefied genotypic richness (Rr = 0.265). Epipogium aphyllum genotype control over partner selection was negligible as (1) we found ramets from a single genetic individual associated with up to 68% of the known Inocybe spp. associating with the plant species, (2) and partner identity did not show any geographic structure. The absence of mosaicism in the mycorrhizal specificity over Europe may be linked to preferential allogamous habit of E. aphyllum and significant gene flow, which tend to promote host generalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Minasiewicz
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Emilia Krawczyk
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Znaniecka
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, 80-307, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Lucie Vincenot
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Ekaterina Zheleznaya
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Podolskoye shosse 8/5, 115093, Moscow, Russia
- Timiryazev State Biological Museum, Malaya Gruzinskaya, 15, 123242, Moscow, Russia
| | - Joanna Korybut-Orlowska
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Tiiu Kull
- Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39 75005, Paris, France
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30
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Microsatellite Analysis Revealing High Genetic Diversity of the Chestnut Blight Fungus in South Tyrol (Northern Italy). FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13020344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cryphonectria parasitica, which causes chestnut blight, is one of the most important pathogens of forest trees. In Europe, mycovirus-mediated biocontrol is the most efficient method to control the disease but can be impeded by the lack of information about the population structure of the fungus within a region. In particular, sexual reproduction and the new introduction of the pathogen can complicate biocontrol strategies. For this reason, this study aimed to determine the population structure of C. parasitica, which causes chestnut blight, in the northern Italian region of South Tyrol, using eleven multilocus microsatellite markers. Fifty-one haplotypes were found across South Tyrol, belonging to three divergent clusters. Recombinant genotypes demonstrated that sexual reproduction occurs across the different clusters. The most dominant genotypes in the region were also the most dominant in neighboring areas, such as Switzerland, northern Italy and France. All of the clusters from South Tyrol were related to the Italian genotype pool and are thought to have been introduced from northern Italian and other European populations due to naturally occurring gene flow or human-mediated introduction. At least three separate introduction events of C. parasitica might have happened in South Tyrol that could be separated by time. This study demonstrated a high genetic diversity of C. parasitica in South Tyrol and helped to shed light on the sexual reproduction and introduction events in the local populations.
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31
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Li Q, Li GM, Zheng YL, Wei SJ. Lack of Genetic Structure Among Populations of Striped Flea Beetle Phyllotreta striolata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Across Southern China. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.775414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The striped flea beetle (SFB) Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a major pest of cruciferous vegetables in southern China. The population diversity and genetic structure of SFB are unknown. Here, we assembled a draft genome for the SFB and characterized the distribution of microsatellites. Then, we developed 12 novel microsatellite markers across the genome. We used a segment of the cox1 gene and newly developed microsatellite markers to genotype the genetic diversity of SFB across southern China. There were 44 mitochondrial haplotypes in the SFB populations, with haplotype 2 as the most widespread. The population genetic differentiation was very low, indicated by FST-values (<0.05 except for Guangxi population with other populations based on cox1), high gene flow (4.10 and 44.88 of cox1 and microsatellite, respectively) and Principal Coordinate Analysis across all populations. Mantel test showed genetic distance in SFB was significantly associated with geographic distance based on microsatellites (R2 = 0.2373, P = 0.014) while result based on cox1 (R2 = 0.0365, P = 0.155) showed no significant difference. The phylogenetic analysis did not find any geographically related clades among all haplotypes. Analyses based on microsatellites showed a lack of population genetic structure among all populations. Our study provides a foundation for the future understanding of the ecology and evolution of SFB and its management.
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32
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Zeng T, Shi M, Zhong Z, Zhang D. Development of microsatellite markers for the mycoheterotrophic species Burmannia nepalensis (Miers) Hook.f. based on RAD sequencing. Gene 2022; 96:293-298. [DOI: 10.1266/ggs.21-00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Miaomiao Shi
- Center of Conservation Biology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | | | - Dianxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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33
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Gay L, Dhinaut J, Jullien M, Vitalis R, Navascués M, Ranwez V, Ronfort J. Evolution of flowering time in a selfing annual plant: Roles of adaptation and genetic drift. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8555. [PMID: 35127051 PMCID: PMC8794724 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Resurrection studies are a useful tool to measure how phenotypic traits have changed in populations through time. If these trait modifications correlate with the environmental changes that occurred during the time period, it suggests that the phenotypic changes could be a response to selection. Selfing, through its reduction of effective size, could challenge the ability of a population to adapt to environmental changes. Here, we used a resurrection study to test for adaptation in a selfing population of Medicago truncatula, by comparing the genetic composition and flowering times across 22 generations. We found evidence for evolution toward earlier flowering times by about two days and a peculiar genetic structure, typical of highly selfing populations, where some multilocus genotypes (MLGs) are persistent through time. We used the change in frequency of the MLGs through time as a multilocus fitness measure and built a selection gradient that suggests evolution toward earlier flowering times. Yet, a simulation model revealed that the observed change in flowering time could be explained by drift alone, provided the effective size of the population is small enough (<150). These analyses suffer from the difficulty to estimate the effective size in a highly selfing population, where effective recombination is severely reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurène Gay
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroUMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Julien Dhinaut
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroUMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Present address:
Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeUPMCUniversity of Paris VI, UC, UACH, UMI 3614CNRSSorbonne UniversitésRoscoffFrance
| | - Margaux Jullien
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroUMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- Present address:
INRAUniv. Paris‐SudCNRSAgroParisTechGQE – Le MoulonUniversité Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Renaud Vitalis
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroIRDCBGPUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Vincent Ranwez
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroUMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Joëlle Ronfort
- CIRADINRAEInstitut AgroUMR AGAP InstitutUniv MontpellierMontpellierFrance
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34
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Chen W, Zhang Z, Ma X, Zhang G, Yao Q, Kang Z, Zhao J. Phenotyping and Genotyping Analyses Reveal the Spread of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Aeciospores From Susceptible Barberry to Wheat in Qinghai of China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:764304. [PMID: 34975948 PMCID: PMC8719489 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.764304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Eriks., the cause of wheat yellow or stripe rust on wheat, undergoes sexual reproduction on barberry, but it is unclear if barberry plays any role in stripe rust epidemics under natural conditions. P. striiformis f. sp. tritici was isolated from its alternate host barberry (Berberis spp.) and primary host wheat in the vicinity of barberry by inoculation of aeciospores and urediniospores on Mingxian 169 cultivar in Qinghai province of China in 2018. The P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from barberry and wheat were characterized to virulence patterns by inoculation on 24 differentials bearing Yr gene under control conditions and analyzed using 12 polymorphic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The occurrence frequency of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici on barberry was 1.87% by inoculation aecia, collected from barberry on Mingxian 169 of wheat. A close virulence relationship was presented between P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from both barberry and wheat based on virulence simple matching coefficient and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA). Additionally, the same genetic ancestry, based on structure analysis by STRUCTURE program and genetic relationship analyses using discriminant analysis of principal components and PCoA, was shared between P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from barberry and those from wheat. Together, all the results indicated that the role of barberry in providing aeciospores as an inoculum source causing wheat stripe rust epidemic in Qinghai in spring is of considerable importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Plant Protection, Guiyang, China
| | - ZeDong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qiang Yao
- Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhensheng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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35
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Staude IR, Pereira HM, Daskalova GN, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Diekmann M, Pauli H, Van Calster H, Vellend M, Bjorkman AD, Brunet J, De Frenne P, Hédl R, Jandt U, Lenoir J, Myers-Smith IH, Verheyen K, Wipf S, Wulf M, Andrews C, Barančok P, Barni E, Benito-Alonso JL, Bennie J, Berki I, Blüml V, Chudomelová M, Decocq G, Dick J, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Eriksson O, Erschbamer B, Graae BJ, Heinken T, Schei FH, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Kudernatsch T, Macek M, Malicki M, Máliš F, Michelsen O, Naaf T, Nagel TA, Newton AC, Nicklas L, Oddi L, Ortmann-Ajkai A, Palaj A, Petraglia A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Porro F, Puşcaş M, Reczyńska K, Rixen C, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Steinbauer K, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Theurillat JP, Turtureanu PD, Ursu TM, Vanneste T, Vergeer P, Vild O, Villar L, Vittoz P, Winkler M, Baeten L. Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats. Ecol Lett 2021; 25:466-482. [PMID: 34866301 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar R Staude
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Henrique M Pereira
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.,CIBIO (Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources)-InBIO (Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology), Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | | | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Institute of Ecology, FB 2, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Harald Pauli
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mark Vellend
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne D Bjorkman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Radim Hédl
- Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ute Jandt
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | | | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
| | - Sonja Wipf
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Swiss National Park, Zernez, Switzerland
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany
| | | | - Peter Barančok
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elena Barni
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Jonathan Bennie
- Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, Exeter University, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Imre Berki
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | | | | | - Guillaume Decocq
- UR "Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés" (EDYSAN, UMR7058 CNRS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Jan Dick
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ove Eriksson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Thilo Heinken
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Malicki
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.,Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia.,National Forest Centre, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Ottar Michelsen
- Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Muencheberg, Germany
| | - Thomas A Nagel
- Department of Forestry and Renewable Forest Resources, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Adrian C Newton
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, Dorset, UK
| | - Lena Nicklas
- Department of Botany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ludovica Oddi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Andrej Palaj
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alessandro Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Environment UJEP, Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, University of Agriculture, Kraków, Poland.,Foundation for Biodiversity Research, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Francesco Porro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mihai Puşcaş
- Al. Borza Botanic Garden, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources - 3B, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Christian Rixen
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland.,Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Center CERC, Davos Dorf, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Klaus Steinbauer
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Balázs Teleki
- MTA-DE Lendület Functional and Restoration Ecology Research Group, Debrecen Egyetem, Debrecen, Hungary.,PTE KPVK Institute for Regional Development, Szekszárd, Hungary
| | - Jean-Paul Theurillat
- Fondation J.-M.Aubert, Champex-Lac, Switzerland.,Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Chambésy, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Dan Turtureanu
- Center for Systematic Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources - 3B, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Centre for Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources (3B), Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Emil G. Racoviță Institute, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | | | - Philippine Vergeer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Luis Villar
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología, IPE-CSIC, Jaca, Huesca, Spain
| | - Pascal Vittoz
- Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Faculty of Geosciences and Environment, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Winkler
- GLORIA Coordination, Institute for Interdisciplinary Mountain Research at the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW-IGF), Vienna, Austria.,GLORIA Coordination, Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Vienna, Austria
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Gontrode, Belgium
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36
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Archidona‐Yuste A, Wiegand T, Eisenhauer N, Cantalapiedra‐Navarrete C, Palomares‐Rius JE, Castillo P. Agriculture causes homogenization of plant‐feeding nematode communities at the regional scale. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Archidona‐Yuste
- Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiegand
- Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research ‐ UFZ Leipzig Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
- Institute of Biology Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | | | - Juan E. Palomares‐Rius
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Córdoba Spain
| | - Pablo Castillo
- Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Córdoba Spain
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37
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Dubé CE, Ziegler M, Mercière A, Boissin E, Planes S, Bourmaud CAF, Voolstra CR. Naturally occurring fire coral clones demonstrate a genetic and environmental basis of microbiome composition. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6402. [PMID: 34737272 PMCID: PMC8568919 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26543-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral microbiomes are critical to holobiont functioning, but much remains to be understood about how prevailing environment and host genotype affect microbial communities in ecosystems. Resembling human identical twin studies, we examined bacterial community differences of naturally occurring fire coral clones within and between contrasting reef habitats to assess the relative contribution of host genotype and environment to microbiome structure. Bacterial community composition of coral clones differed between reef habitats, highlighting the contribution of the environment. Similarly, but to a lesser extent, microbiomes varied across different genotypes in identical habitats, denoting the influence of host genotype. Predictions of genomic function based on taxonomic profiles suggest that environmentally determined taxa supported a functional restructuring of the microbial metabolic network. In contrast, bacteria determined by host genotype seemed to be functionally redundant. Our study suggests microbiome flexibility as a mechanism of environmental adaptation with association of different bacterial taxa partially dependent on host genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Dubé
- grid.11642.300000 0001 2111 2608UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, UR-IRD-CNRS-UNC-IFREMER, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex, La Réunion France ,grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia ,grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Québec City, G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - M. Ziegler
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Department of Animal Ecology and Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32 IFZ, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Mercière
- grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia
| | - E. Boissin
- grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia
| | - S. Planes
- grid.11136.340000 0001 2192 5916PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Université de Perpignan, 52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia
| | - C. A. -F. Bourmaud
- grid.11642.300000 0001 2111 2608UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, UR-IRD-CNRS-UNC-IFREMER, Université de La Réunion, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis Cedex, La Réunion France ,Laboratoire d’Excellence “CORAIL”, 98729 Papetoai, Moorea French Polynesia
| | - C. R. Voolstra
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955 Saudi Arabia ,grid.9811.10000 0001 0658 7699Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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Wang C, Jiang B, Liang J, Li L, Gu Y, Li J, Luo Y, Ma Z. Population Genetic Structures of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in the Gansu-Ningxia Region and Hubei Province, China. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111712. [PMID: 34828316 PMCID: PMC8618938 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat stripe rust, caused by the fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a destructive wheat disease in China. The Gansu–Ningxia region (GN) is a key area for pathogen over-summering in China, and northwestern Hubei (HB) is an important region for pathogen over-wintering, serving as a source of inoculum in spring epidemic regions. The spatiotemporal population genetic structure of Pst in HB and the pathogen population exchanges between GN and HB are important for estimating the risk of interregional epidemics. Here, 567 isolates from GN and HB were sampled from fall 2016 to spring 2018 and were genotyped using simple sequence repeat markers. The genotypic and genetic diversity of Pst subpopulations in HB varied among seasons and locations. Greater genetic diversification levels were found in the spring compared with fall populations using principal coordinate analysis and Bayesian assignments. In total, there were 17 common genotypes among the 208 determined, as shown by a small overlap of genotypes in the principal coordinate analysis and dissimilar Bayesian assignments in both regions, which revealed the limited genotype exchange between the populations of GN and HB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicui Wang
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China; (C.W.); (J.L.)
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.J.); (L.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Bingbing Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.J.); (L.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Junmin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Leifu Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.J.); (L.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yilin Gu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.J.); (L.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jintang Li
- Facility Horticulture Laboratory of Universities in Shandong, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, China; (C.W.); (J.L.)
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.J.); (L.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhanhong Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (B.J.); (L.L.); (Y.G.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence:
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39
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Cabrera-Brandt MA, Kati A, Rubio-Meléndez ME, Figueroa CC, Fuentes-Contreras E. Changes in the genetic composition of Myzus persicae nicotianae populations in Chile and frequency of insecticide resistance mutations. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2021; 111:1-9. [PMID: 34617507 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Myzus persicae is a cosmopolitan aphid that is highly polyphagous and an important agricultural pest. The subspecies M. persicae nicotianae has been described for highly specialized phenotypes adapted to tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In Chile, the population of M. persicae nicotianae was originally composed of a single red genotype that did not possess insecticide resistance mutations. However, in the last decade, variation in the colour of tobacco aphids has been observed in the field. To determine whether this variation stems from the presence of new genotypes, sampling was carried out across the entire distribution of tobacco cultivation regions in Chile. The aphids collected were genotyped, and the frequency of kdr (L1014F), super-kdr (M918T), modification of acetylcholinesterase (MACE) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor β subunit (nAChRβ) mutations associated with insecticide resistance was determined. A total of 16 new genotypes of M. persicae nicotianae were detected in Chile: four of them possessed the MACE mutation, and none of them possessed the kdr, super-kdr or nAChRβ mutation. The previously described red genotype was not detected in any of the sampled fields over two seasons. These results raise questions about the mechanisms underlying changes in the genetic structure of M. persicae nicotianae populations in Chile. Future research aimed at addressing these questions could provide new insight into aphid evolution and agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Cabrera-Brandt
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Amalia Kati
- Plant Pathology Laboratory, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - María E Rubio-Meléndez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Centre for Bioinformatics and Molecular Simulation, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes-Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Casilla 747, Talca, Chile
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40
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Kikuchi A, Kyan R, Maki M. Population genetic diversity and conservation priority of prince’s pine Chimaphila umbellata populations around the south margin of their distribution. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Small localized breeding populations in a widely distributed coastal shark species. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01398-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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42
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Kim H, Kim S, Kim S, Lee Y, Lee HS, Lee SJ, Choi DS, Jeon J, Lee JH. Population Genetics for Inferring Introduction Sources of the Oriental Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis: A Test for Quarantine Use in Korea. INSECTS 2021; 12:851. [PMID: 34680620 PMCID: PMC8541597 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To infer the introduction sources of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, we used a mitochondrial marker to reconstruct the haplotype network and 15 microsatellite loci to reveal genetic structure and relationships between the geographically or temporally different collections from Asia. We performed Approximate Bayesian computations to infer a global origin and a source of the quarantine collections found in Korea. As a result, the 40 populations were divided into three groups, of which genetic similarity is not related to the geographic vicinity. Korean samples had a similar genetic structure to Taiwan and Thailand ones. Our results suggest that the place of origin of the B. dorsalis specimens found in Korea's border quarantine is likely to be Taiwan or Thailand. As the global origin of B. dorsalis, we estimated that Taiwan and Thailand were most likely the global origins of Southeast Asian populations by testing hypothetical scenarios by the approximate Bayesian computation analyses. Our results will allow easier identification of the source region of the forthcoming invasion of quarantined B. dorsalis specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojoong Kim
- Animal Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Jeonbuk, Korea; (S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Sohee Kim
- Animal Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Jeonbuk, Korea; (S.K.); (S.K.)
- Animal & Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongbuk, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (D.-S.C.); (J.J.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Sangjin Kim
- Animal Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Jeonbuk, Korea; (S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Yerim Lee
- Animal Systematics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Jeonbuk, Korea; (S.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Heung-Sik Lee
- Animal & Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongbuk, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (D.-S.C.); (J.J.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Seong-Jin Lee
- Animal & Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongbuk, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (D.-S.C.); (J.J.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Deuk-Soo Choi
- Animal & Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongbuk, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (D.-S.C.); (J.J.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jaeyong Jeon
- Animal & Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongbuk, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (D.-S.C.); (J.J.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Animal & Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Gyeongbuk, Korea; (S.-J.L.); (D.-S.C.); (J.J.); (J.-H.L.)
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43
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Kotze DJ, Ghosh S, Hui N, Jumpponen A, Lee BPYH, Lu C, Lum S, Pouyat R, Szlavecz K, Wardle DA, Yesilonis I, Zheng B, Setälä H. Urbanization minimizes the effects of plant traits on soil provisioned ecosystem services across climatic regions. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:4139-4153. [PMID: 34021965 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increasingly urbanized world is one of the most prominent examples of global environmental change. Across the globe, urban parks are designed and managed in a similar way, resulting in visually pleasing expansions of lawn interspersed with individually planted trees of varying appearances and functional traits. These large urban greenspaces have the capacity to provide various ecosystem services, including those associated with soil physicochemical properties. Our aim was to explore whether soil properties in urban parks diverge underneath vegetation producing labile or recalcitrant litter, and whether the impact is affected by climatic zone (from a boreal to temperate to tropical city). We also compared these properties to those in (semi)natural forests outside the cities to assess the influence of urbanization on plant-trait effects. We showed that vegetation type affected percentage soil organic matter (OM), total carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N), but inconsistently across climatic zones. Plant-trait effects were particularly weak in old parks in the boreal and temperate zones, whereas in young parks in these zones, soils underneath the two tree types accumulated significantly more OM, C and N compared to lawns. Within climatic zones, anthropogenic drivers dominated natural ones, with consistently lower values of organic-matter-related soil properties under trees producing labile or recalcitrant litter in parks compared to forests. The dominating effect of urbanization is also reflected in its ability to homogenize soil properties in parks across the three cities, especially in lawn soils and soils under trees irrespective of functional trait. Our study demonstrates that soil functions that relate to carbon and nitrogen dynamics-even in old urban greenspaces where plant-soil interactions have a long history-clearly diverged from those in natural ecosystems, implying a long-lasting influence of anthropogenic drivers on soil ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Johan Kotze
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Subhadip Ghosh
- Centre for Urban Greenery and Ecology, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nan Hui
- Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ari Jumpponen
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin P Y-H Lee
- Wildlife Management Division, National Parks Board, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changyi Lu
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Shawn Lum
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Richard Pouyat
- Emeritus USDA Forest Service, NRS, Affiliate Faculty Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Katalin Szlavecz
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A Wardle
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ian Yesilonis
- USDA Forest Service, Baltimore Field Station, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bangxiao Zheng
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
| | - Heikki Setälä
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland
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Labuschagne R, Venter E, Boshoff WHP, Pretorius ZA, Terefe T, Visser B. Historical Development of the Puccinia triticina Population in South Africa. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:2445-2452. [PMID: 33529064 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2301-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to many other countries, the virulence and genetic diversity of the South African Puccinia triticina population before 1980 is unknown, because of the absence of regular and systematic race analysis data and viable rust cultures. Herbarium specimens housed at the National Collection of Fungi, Biosystematics Unit, Plant Health and Protection, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa (SA), provided the opportunity to investigate the genetic development of the population using isolates collected between 1906 and 2010. Five subpopulations that survived between 21 and 82 years in the field were found. While three of these could represent the original races that entered SA during European settlement, two appear to be recent exotic introductions into SA, most probably from other African countries. The demise of the three oldest subpopulations might be from the release of resistant wheat cultivars. The population is clonal, where new virulence develops through single step mutations and selection for virulence. Although a possible case of somatic hybridization was found, sexual reproduction appears to be absent in SA. This study confirmed the importance of annual surveys in SA and its neighboring countries for the timely detection of new virulent races that could threaten wheat production in SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinette Labuschagne
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Eduard Venter
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, Gauteng Province 2006, South Africa
| | - Willem H P Boshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Zacharias A Pretorius
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - Tarekegn Terefe
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa
| | - Botma Visser
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
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45
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Pérez-Portela R, Garcia-Cisneros A, Campos-Canet M, Palacín C. Genetic homogeneity, lack of larvae recruitment, and clonality in absence of females across western Mediterranean populations of the starfish Coscinasterias tenuispina. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16819. [PMID: 34413402 PMCID: PMC8376918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We here analysed the populations' genetic structure of Coscinasterias tenuispina, an Atlantic-Mediterranean fissiparous starfish, focusing on the western Mediterranean, to investigate: the distribution and prevalence of genetic variants, the relative importance of asexual reproduction, connectivity across the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition, and the potential recent colonisation of the Mediterranean Sea. Individuals from 11 Atlantic-Mediterranean populations of a previous study added to 172 new samples from five new W Mediterranean sites. Individuals were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and their gonads histologically analysed for sex determination. Additionally, four populations were genotyped at two-time points. Results demonstrated genetic homogeneity and low clonal richness within the W Mediterranean, due to the dominance of a superclone, but large genetic divergence with adjacent areas. The lack of new genotypes recruitment over time, and the absence of females, confirmed that W Mediterranean populations were exclusively maintained by fission and reinforced the idea of its recent colonization. The existence of different environmental conditions among basins and/or density-depend processes could explain this lack of recruitment from distant areas. The positive correlation between clonal richness and heterozygote excess suggests that most genetic diversity is retained within individuals in the form of heterozygosity in clonal populations, which might increase their resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Pérez-Portela
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Research Institute of Biodiversity (IRBIO), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Garcia-Cisneros
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Campos-Canet
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Creu Palacín
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, 643 Diagonal Avenue, 08028 Barcelona, Spain ,grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Research Institute of Biodiversity (IRBIO), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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46
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High Genetic Diversity and Low Population Differentiation in Wild Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) from Croatia. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is used in the brewing industry as a source of compounds responsible for the bitterness, aroma, and preservative properties of beer. In this study, we used microsatellite markers to investigate genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of wild hop populations sampled in the northwestern part of Croatia. Analysis of 12 microsatellite loci revealed high diversity and weak population differentiation among wild hop populations. A total of 152 alleles were determined with an average of 12.67 alleles per locus. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.689 to 0.839 (average 0.767) and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.725 to 0.789 (average 0.760). A total of 38 private alleles were detected. The data suggest that H. lupulus populations are not affected by recent bottlenecks. The degree of genetic differentiation among populations was low and not significant for most pairwise FST values, except for the pair of geographically most distant populations. The results did not indicate the existence of genetic structure among the sampled populations. The high genetic diversity and low differentiation among populations, combined with the absence of isolation by distance, indicate the existence of substantial gene flow among wild hop populations. Therefore, extensive sampling per population is clearly required to assess the genetic diversity of hop populations. Sampling strategies involving sampling across a large number of localities represented by only a few samples could lead to erroneous conclusions.
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47
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Sitzia T, Iacopino S, Burrascano S, Campagnaro T, Celesti‐Grapow L, Bacchetti C, Cierjacks A, Kowarik I, von der Lippe M, Trentanovi G. Exploring the biotic homogenization and diversity resistance hypotheses: The understorey of non‐native and native woodland canopies in three urban areas of Europe. DIVERS DISTRIB 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Sitzia
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry Università degli Studi di Padova Legnaro Italy
| | - Simone Iacopino
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry Università degli Studi di Padova Legnaro Italy
| | - Sabina Burrascano
- Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza Università di Roma Roma Italy
| | - Thomas Campagnaro
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry Università degli Studi di Padova Legnaro Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Bacchetti
- Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza Università di Roma Roma Italy
| | - Arne Cierjacks
- University of Applied Sciences (HTW) Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Ingo Kowarik
- Institute of Ecology Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | | | - Giovanni Trentanovi
- Department Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry Università degli Studi di Padova Legnaro Italy
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Liang J, Liu X, Tsui CKM, Ma Z, Luo Y. Genetic Structure and Asymmetric Migration of Wheat Stripe Rust Pathogen in Western Epidemic Areas of China. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:1252-1260. [PMID: 33210988 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-06-20-0236-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici causes severe global epidemics of wheat stripe rust primarily by airborne urediniospores. Understanding long-distance migration patterns of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici is critical for disease forecasting and management. Although the western epidemic areas in China have been considered as the source of inoculum spread eastward across the country, migration pathways among different populations within the western epidemic areas are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the population genetics of 200 P. striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates from western epidemic areas using amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat markers. A coalescent approach was also used to calculate the migration rates among populations. Data analyses with both marker systems indicated high genetic diversity in each regional population. The Mantel test revealed significant positive correlation between genetic and geographic distances. Both discriminant analysis of principal components and STRUCTURE analysis supported moderate population structure shaped by seasonality and geography. The calculated migration rates indicated the presence of asymmetric migration between major populations in western epidemic areas, with greater migration rates from high elevation, oversummering areas to low elevation, overwintering areas. Sichuan Basin, one of the low elevation, overwintering areas, sampled in both fall and spring, was inferred as a recipient in fall but a donor in spring. Migration among P. striiformis f. sp. tritici populations may be partly attributable to terrace farming and prevailing wind direction in different seasons. Our study provides a better understanding of fine-scale population structure and the interregional migration pattern of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in northwestern China and will inform future rust management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiufeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Clement K M Tsui
- Department of Pathology, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zhanhong Ma
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Wu Q, Huang W, Chen B, Yang E, Meng L, Chen Y, Li J, Huang X, Liang J, Yap TK, Yu K. Genetic structure of Turbinaria peltata in the northern South China Sea suggest insufficient genetic adaptability of relatively high-latitude scleractinian corals to environment stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 775:145775. [PMID: 33611183 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid degradation of coral reefs due to global warming and anthropogenic impacts, relatively high-latitude areas, such as the northern South China Sea (SCS), are likely to become refuges for tropical coral species. Here we investigated the genetic features and adaptability of one dominant scleractinian coral species, Turbinaria peltata, in the northern SCS. A total of 81 samples from 5 sites were studied to explore potential mechanisms of adaptability to environmental stress as a result of climate change. Ten microsatellite markers developed in this study, one nuclear gene (internal transcribed spacer, ITS), and one mitochondrial gene (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene, mtDNA COI) were used. Our results indicated that the genetic diversity of T. peltata in the northern SCS is low (Ar = 1.403-2.011, Ho = 0.105-0.248, He = 0.187-0.421) with the lowest in Dongfang population (DF) (Ar = 1.403, Ho = 0.22, He = 0.187). These results indicate that T. peltata has insufficient genetic adaptability and may unable to handle increasingly complex global changes. A significantly moderate genetic differentiation was observed among T. peltata populations (ΦST = 0.167), in addition to a high genetic differentiation between DF and other populations (FST = 0.272-0.536 > 0.25). The DF population near a fishing port was exposed to severe anthropogenic environmental stress, which may drive the extraordinarily high genetic differentiation between DF and other populations. Furthermore, the Mantel test results showed that the genetic differentiation of the other four populations was strongly correlated with the average sea surface temperature (SST) (R2 = 0.82, Mantel test P < 0.05) and geographical distance (R2 = 0.57, Mantel test P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the genetic structure of T. peltata in the relatively high-latitude of the SCS was significantly affected by average SST, geographical isolation, and anthropogenic activities. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the protection of relatively high-latitude coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Wen Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Biao Chen
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China
| | - Enguang Yang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Linqing Meng
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yinmin Chen
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Xueyong Huang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiayuan Liang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Tzuen-Kiat Yap
- Guangxi Haishu Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519080, China.
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50
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Yue L, Cao LJ, Chen JC, Gong YJ, Lin YH, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Low levels of genetic differentiation with isolation by geography and environment in populations of Drosophila melanogaster from across China. Heredity (Edinb) 2021; 126:942-954. [PMID: 33686193 PMCID: PMC8178374 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-021-00419-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a model species in evolutionary studies. However, population processes of this species in East Asia are poorly studied. Here we examined the population genetic structure of D. melanogaster across China. There were 14 mitochondrial haplotypes with 10 unique ones out of 23 known from around the globe. Pairwise FST values estimated from 15 novel microsatellites ranged from 0 to 0.11, with geographically isolated populations showing the highest level of genetic uniqueness. STRUCTURE analysis identified high levels of admixture at both the individual and population levels. Mantel tests indicated a strong association between genetic distance and geographical distance as well as environmental distance. Full redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that independent effects of environmental conditions and geography accounted for 62.10% and 31.58% of the total explained genetic variance, respectively. When geographic variables were constrained in a partial RDA analysis, the environmental variables bio2 (mean diurnal air temperature range), bio13 (precipitation of the wettest month), and bio15 (precipitation seasonality) were correlated with genetic distance. Our study suggests that demographic history, geographical isolation, and environmental factors have together shaped the population genetic structure of D. melanogaster after its introduction into China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yue
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hao Lin
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China ,International Department of Beijing No. 80 High School, Beijing, China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XBio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- grid.418260.90000 0004 0646 9053Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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