1
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Tiwari V, Gupta P, Malladi N, Salgar S, Banerjee SK. Doxorubicin induces phosphorylation of lamin A/C and loss of nuclear membrane integrity: A novel mechanism of cardiotoxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 218:94-104. [PMID: 38582228 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Lamin A/C, essential inner nuclear membrane proteins, have been linked to progeria, a disease of accelerated aging, and many other diseases, which include cardiac disorder. Lamin A/C mutation and its phosphorylation are associated with altering nuclear shape and size. The role of lamin A/C in regulating normal cardiac function was reported earlier. In the present study, we hypothesized that Doxorubicin (Dox) may alter total lamin A/C expression and phosphorylation, thereby taking part in cardiac injury. An in vitro cellular injury model was generated with Dox (0.1-10.0 μM) treatment on cardiomyoblast cells (H9c2) to prove our hypothesis. Increased size and irregular (ameboid) nucleus shape were observed in H9c2 cells after Dox treatment. Similarly, we have observed a significant increase in cell death on increasing the Dox concentration. The expression of lamin A/C and its phosphorylation at serine 22 significantly decreased and increased, respectively in H9c2 cells and rat hearts after Dox exposure. Phosphorylation led to depolymerization of the lamin A/C in the inner nuclear membrane and was evidenced by their presence throughout the nucleoplasm as observed by immunocytochemistry techniques. Thinning and perforation on the walls of the nuclear membrane were observed in Dox-treated H9c2 cells. LMNA-overexpression in H9c2 protected the cells from Dox-induced cell death, reversing all changes described above. Further, improvement of lamin A/C levels was observed in Dox-treated H9c2 cells when treated with Purvalanol A, a CDK1 inhibitor and N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant. The study provides new insight regarding Dox-induced cardiac injury with the involvement of lamin A/C and alteration of inner nuclear membrane structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Tiwari
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Paras Gupta
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Navya Malladi
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Sanjay Salgar
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India.
| | - Sanjay K Banerjee
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, Assam, India.
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2
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Pérez-Sala D, Quinlan RA. The redox-responsive roles of intermediate filaments in cellular stress detection, integration and mitigation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 86:102283. [PMID: 37989035 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are critical for cell and tissue homeostasis and for stress responses. Cytoplasmic intermediate filaments form versatile and dynamic assemblies that interconnect cellular organelles, participate in signaling and protect cells and tissues against stress. Here we have focused on their involvement in redox signaling and oxidative stress, which arises in numerous pathophysiological situations. We pay special attention to type III intermediate filaments, mainly vimentin, because it provides a physical interface for redox signaling, stress responses and mechanosensing. Vimentin possesses a single cysteine residue that is a target for multiple oxidants and electrophiles. This conserved residue fine tunes vimentin assembly, response to oxidative stress and crosstalk with other cellular structures. Here we integrate evidence from the intermediate filament and redox biology fields to propose intermediate filaments as redox sentinel networks of the cell. To support this, we appraise how vimentin detects and orchestrates cellular responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Roy A Quinlan
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Upper Mountjoy Science Site, Durham, United Kingdom; Biophysical Sciences Institute, University of Durham, Durham, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
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3
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Moneo-Corcuera D, Viedma-Poyatos Á, Stamatakis K, Pérez-Sala D. Desmin Reorganization by Stimuli Inducing Oxidative Stress and Electrophiles: Role of Its Single Cysteine Residue. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1703. [PMID: 37760006 PMCID: PMC10525603 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The type III intermediate filament proteins vimentin and GFAP are modulated by oxidants and electrophiles, mainly through perturbation of their single cysteine residues. Desmin, the type III intermediate filament protein specific to muscle cells, is critical for muscle homeostasis, playing a key role in sarcomere organization and mitochondrial function. Here, we have studied the impact of oxidants and cysteine-reactive agents on desmin behavior. Our results show that several reactive species and drugs induce covalent modifications of desmin in vitro, of which its single cysteine residue, C333, is an important target. Moreover, stimuli eliciting oxidative stress or lipoxidation, including H2O2, 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J2, and CoCl2-elicited chemical hypoxia, provoke desmin disorganization in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts transfected with wild-type desmin, which is partially attenuated in cells expressing a C333S mutant. Notably, in cells lacking other cytoplasmic intermediate filaments, network formation by desmin C333S appears less efficient than that of desmin wt, especially when these proteins are expressed as fluorescent fusion constructs. Nevertheless, in these cells, the desmin C333S organization is also protected from disruption by oxidants. Taken together, our results indicate that desmin is a target for oxidative and electrophilic stress, which elicit desmin remodeling conditioned by the presence of its single cysteine residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moneo-Corcuera
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (Á.V.-P.)
| | - Álvaro Viedma-Poyatos
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (Á.V.-P.)
| | - Konstantinos Stamatakis
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (UAM/CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-C.); (Á.V.-P.)
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4
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Pande S, Ghosh DK. Nuclear proteostasis imbalance in laminopathy-associated premature aging diseases. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23116. [PMID: 37498235 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300878r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Laminopathies are a group of rare genetic disorders with heterogeneous clinical phenotypes such as premature aging, cardiomyopathy, lipodystrophy, muscular dystrophy, microcephaly, epilepsy, and so on. The cellular phenomena associated with laminopathy invariably show disruption of nucleoskeleton of lamina due to deregulated expression, localization, function, and interaction of mutant lamin proteins. Impaired spatial and temporal tethering of lamin proteins to the lamina or nucleoplasmic aggregation of lamins are the primary molecular events that can trigger nuclear proteotoxicity by modulating differential protein-protein interactions, sequestering quality control proteins, and initiating a cascade of abnormal post-translational modifications. Clearly, laminopathic cells exhibit moderate to high nuclear proteotoxicity, raising the question of whether an imbalance in nuclear proteostasis is involved in laminopathic diseases, particularly in diseases of early aging such as HGPS and laminopathy-associated premature aging. Here, we review nuclear proteostasis and its deregulation in the context of lamin proteins and laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Pande
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Debasish Kumar Ghosh
- Enteric Disease Division, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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5
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González-Jiménez P, Duarte S, Martínez AE, Navarro-Carrasco E, Lalioti V, Pajares MA, Pérez-Sala D. Vimentin single cysteine residue acts as a tunable sensor for network organization and as a key for actin remodeling in response to oxidants and electrophiles. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102756. [PMID: 37285743 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine residues can undergo multiple posttranslational modifications with diverse functional consequences, potentially behaving as tunable sensors. The intermediate filament protein vimentin has important implications in pathophysiology, including cancer progression, infection, and fibrosis, and maintains a close interplay with other cytoskeletal structures, such as actin filaments and microtubules. We previously showed that the single vimentin cysteine, C328, is a key target for oxidants and electrophiles. Here, we demonstrate that structurally diverse cysteine-reactive agents, including electrophilic mediators, oxidants and drug-related compounds, disrupt the vimentin network eliciting morphologically distinct reorganizations. As most of these agents display broad reactivity, we pinpointed the importance of C328 by confirming that local perturbations introduced through mutagenesis provoke structure-dependent vimentin rearrangements. Thus, GFP-vimentin wild type (wt) forms squiggles and short filaments in vimentin-deficient cells, the C328F, C328W, and C328H mutants generate diverse filamentous assemblies, and the C328A and C328D constructs fail to elongate yielding dots. Remarkably, vimentin C328H structures resemble the wt, but are strongly resistant to electrophile-elicited disruption. Therefore, the C328H mutant allows elucidating whether cysteine-dependent vimentin reorganization influences other cellular responses to reactive agents. Electrophiles such as 1,4-dinitro-1H-imidazole and 4-hydroxynonenal induce robust actin stress fibers in cells expressing vimentin wt. Strikingly, under these conditions, vimentin C328H expression blunts electrophile-elicited stress fiber formation, apparently acting upstream of RhoA. Analysis of additional vimentin C328 mutants shows that electrophile-sensitive and assembly-defective vimentin variants permit induction of stress fibers by reactive species, whereas electrophile-resistant filamentous vimentin structures prevent it. Together, our results suggest that vimentin acts as a break for actin stress fibers formation, which would be released by C328-aided disruption, thus allowing full actin remodeling in response to oxidants and electrophiles. These observations postulate C328 as a "sensor" transducing structurally diverse modifications into fine-tuned vimentin network rearrangements, and a gatekeeper for certain electrophiles in the interplay with actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia González-Jiménez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Duarte
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alma E Martínez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Navarro-Carrasco
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vasiliki Lalioti
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, C.S.I.C., 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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6
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Kim HJ, Lee PCW, Hong JH. Overview of cellular homeostasis-associated nuclear envelope lamins and associated input signals. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173514. [PMID: 37250905 PMCID: PMC10213260 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the discovery of the role of the nuclear envelope protein lamin in human genetic diseases, further diverse roles of lamins have been elucidated. The roles of lamins have been addressed in cellular homeostasis including gene regulation, cell cycle, cellular senescence, adipogenesis, bone remodeling as well as modulation of cancer biology. Features of laminopathies line with oxidative stress-associated cellular senescence, differentiation, and longevity and share with downstream of aging-oxidative stress. Thus, in this review, we highlighted various roles of lamin as key molecule of nuclear maintenance, specially lamin-A/C, and mutated LMNA gene clearly reveal aging-related genetic phenotypes, such as enhanced differentiation, adipogenesis, and osteoporosis. The modulatory roles of lamin-A/C in stem cell differentiation, skin, cardiac regulation, and oncology have also been elucidated. In addition to recent advances in laminopathies, we highlighted for the first kinase-dependent nuclear lamin biology and recently developed modulatory mechanisms or effector signals of lamin regulation. Advanced knowledge of the lamin-A/C proteins as diverse signaling modulators might be biological key to unlocking the complex signaling of aging-related human diseases and homeostasis in cellular process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Jae Kim
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter C. W. Lee
- Lung Cancer Research Center, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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7
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Kristiani L, Kim Y. The Interplay between Oxidative Stress and the Nuclear Lamina Contributes to Laminopathies and Age-Related Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091234. [PMID: 37174634 PMCID: PMC10177617 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a physiological condition that arises when there is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of cells to neutralize them. ROS can damage cellular macromolecules, including lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to cellular senescence and physiological aging. The nuclear lamina (NL) is a meshwork of intermediate filaments that provides structural support to the nucleus and plays crucial roles in various nuclear functions, such as DNA replication and transcription. Emerging evidence suggests that oxidative stress disrupts the integrity and function of the NL, leading to dysregulation of gene expression, DNA damage, and cellular senescence. This review highlights the current understanding of the interplay between oxidative stress and the NL, along with its implications for human health. Specifically, elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the interplay between oxidative stress and the NL is essential for the development of effective treatments for laminopathies and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidya Kristiani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Life Science, Indonesia International Institute for Life Science, Jakarta 13210, Indonesia
| | - Youngjo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-Bioscience, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea
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8
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Mustafin RN, Khusnutdinova EK. The relationship of lamins with epigenetic factors during aging. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:40-49. [PMID: 35342861 PMCID: PMC8892175 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The key factor of genome instability during aging is transposon dysregulation. This may be due to senile changes in the expression of lamins, which epigenetically modulate transposons. Lamins directly physically interact with transposons. Epigenetic regulators such as SIRT7, BAF, and microRNA can also serve as intermediaries for their interactions. There is also an inverse regulation, since transposons are sources of miRNAs that affect lamins. We suggest that lamins can be attributed to epigenetic factors, since they are part of the NURD, interact with histone deacetylases and regulate gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequences. The role of lamins in the etiopathogenesis of premature aging syndromes may be associated with interactions with transposons. In various human cells, LINE1 is present in the heterochromatin domains of the genome associated with lamins, while SIRT7 facilitates the interaction of this retroelement with lamins. Both retroelements and the nuclear lamina play an important role in the antiviral response of organisms. This may be due to the role of lamins in protection from both viruses and transposons, since viruses and transposons are evolutionarily related. Transposable elements and lamins are secondary messengers of environmental stressors that can serve as triggers for aging and carcinogenesis. Transposons play a role in the development of cancer, while the microRNAs derived from them, participating in the etiopathogenesis of tumors, are important in human aging. Lamins have similar properties, since lamins are dysregulated in cancer, and microRNAs affecting them are involved in carcinogenesis. Changes in the expression of specif ic microRNAs were also revealed
in laminopathies. Identif ication of the epigenetic mechanisms of interaction of lamins with transposons during
aging
can become the basis for the development of methods of life extension and targeted therapy of age-associated
cancer
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. K. Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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9
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González-Jamett A, Vásquez W, Cifuentes-Riveros G, Martínez-Pando R, Sáez JC, Cárdenas AM. Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Connexin Hemichannels in Muscular Dystrophies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020507. [PMID: 35203715 PMCID: PMC8962419 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are a heterogeneous group of congenital neuromuscular disorders whose clinical signs include myalgia, skeletal muscle weakness, hypotonia, and atrophy that leads to progressive muscle disability and loss of ambulation. MDs can also affect cardiac and respiratory muscles, impairing life-expectancy. MDs in clude Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy and limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. These and other MDs are caused by mutations in genes that encode proteins responsible for the structure and function of skeletal muscles, such as components of the dystrophin-glycoprotein-complex that connect the sarcomeric-actin with the extracellular matrix, allowing contractile force transmission and providing stability during muscle contraction. Consequently, in dystrophic conditions in which such proteins are affected, muscle integrity is disrupted, leading to local inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, Ca2+-dyshomeostasis and muscle degeneration. In this scenario, dysregulation of connexin hemichannels seem to be an early disruptor of the homeostasis that further plays a relevant role in these processes. The interaction between all these elements constitutes a positive feedback loop that contributes to the worsening of the diseases. Thus, we discuss here the interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress and connexin hemichannels in the progression of MDs and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlek González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Walter Vásquez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Gabriela Cifuentes-Riveros
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Rafaela Martínez-Pando
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (G.C.-R.); (R.M.-P.)
| | - Juan C. Sáez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
| | - Ana M. Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile; (W.V.); (J.C.S.)
- Correspondence: (A.G.-J.); (A.M.C.)
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10
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Coombs GS, Rios-Monterrosa JL, Lai S, Dai Q, Goll AC, Ketterer MR, Valdes MF, Uche N, Benjamin IJ, Wallrath LL. Modulation of muscle redox and protein aggregation rescues lethality caused by mutant lamins. Redox Biol 2021; 48:102196. [PMID: 34872044 PMCID: PMC8646998 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human LMNA gene cause a collection of diseases called laminopathies, which includes muscular dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy. The LMNA gene encodes lamins, filamentous proteins that form a meshwork on the inner side of the nuclear envelope. How mutant lamins cause muscle disease is not well understood, and treatment options are currently limited. To understand the pathological functions of mutant lamins so that therapies can be developed, we generated new Drosophila models and human iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes. In the Drosophila models, muscle-specific expression of the mutant lamins caused nuclear envelope defects, cytoplasmic protein aggregation, activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 redox pathway, and reductive stress. These defects reduced larval motility and caused death at the pupal stage. Patient-derived cardiomyocytes expressing mutant lamins showed nuclear envelope deformations. The Drosophila models allowed for genetic and pharmacological manipulations at the organismal level. Genetic interventions to increase autophagy, decrease Nrf2/Keap1 signaling, or lower reducing equivalents partially suppressed the lethality caused by mutant lamins. Moreover, treatment of flies with pamoic acid, a compound that inhibits the NADPH-producing malic enzyme, partially suppressed lethality. Taken together, these studies have identified multiple new factors as potential therapeutic targets for LMNA-associated muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Coombs
- Biology Department, Waldorf University, Forest City, IA, USA
| | | | - Shuping Lai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Qiang Dai
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ashley C Goll
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Margaret R Ketterer
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Maria F Valdes
- Biology Department, Waldorf University, Forest City, IA, USA
| | - Nnamdi Uche
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WO, USA
| | - Ivor J Benjamin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lori L Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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11
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Sikora E, Bielak-Zmijewska A, Mosieniak G. A common signature of cellular senescence; does it exist? Ageing Res Rev 2021; 71:101458. [PMID: 34500043 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a stress response, which can be evoked in all type of somatic cells by different stimuli. Senescent cells accumulate in the body and participate in aging and aging-related diseases mainly by their secretory activity, commonly known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype-SASP. Senescence is typically described as cell cycle arrest. This definition stems from the original observation concerning limited cell division potential of human fibroblasts in vitro. At present, the process of cell senescence is attributed also to cancer cells and to non-proliferating post-mitotic cells. Many cellular signaling pathways and specific and unspecific markers contribute to the complex, dynamic and heterogeneous phenotype of senescent cells. Considering the diversity of cells that can undergo senescence upon different inducers and variety of mechanisms involved in the execution of this process, we ask if there is a common signature of cell senescence. It seems that cell cycle arrest in G0, G1 or G2 is indispensable for cell senescence; however, to ensure irreversibility of divisions, the exit from the cell cycle to the state, which we call a GS (Gero Stage), is necessary. The DNA damage, changes in nuclear architecture and chromatin rearrangement are involved in signaling pathways leading to altered gene transcription and secretion of SASP components. Thus, nuclear changes and SASP are vital features of cell senescence that, together with temporal arrest in the cell cycle (G1 or/and G2), which may be followed by polyploidisation/depolyploidisation or exit from the cell cycle leading to permanent proliferation arrest (GS), define the signature of cellular senescence.
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12
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Phuapittayalert L, Tanasrivaroottanun N, Hipkaeo W, Supanpaiboon W, Sakulsak N. Increased expression of apoptotic markers in human full-term placenta after exposure to elevated environmental cadmium levels during pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:51795-51807. [PMID: 33991298 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14431-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a toxic heavy metal, produces various forms of environmental contaminations and health problems in human. In this study, we aimed to examine the localization of several apoptotic markers in human placentas from pregnant women who were environmentally exposed to Cd. Twelve pregnant women participated in this analysis and they were divided into 2 groups according to their living areas: high-Cd (H-Cd) and low-Cd (L-Cd) groups. After delivery, the placentas were immediately harvested, and the placental width, length, and weight were measured. The placental Cd concentration was determined by using ICP-MS. The expression of three apoptotic markers, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved lamin A/C, and TUNEL, was examined in immunohistochemistry. In results, the placental Cd concentration in the H-Cd group was higher than that in the L-Cd group. In contrast, a significant decrease in the BW (birth weight):PW (placenta weight) ratio representing the placental nutrient transport function was found in the H-Cd group, and an inverse correlation between placental Cd concentration and BW:PW ratio was demonstrated. Additionally, significant elevations in the expression of cleaved caspase-3, cleaved lamin A/C proteins, and TUNEL were shown in the H-Cd placenta. Moreover, positive correlations were found between the placental Cd concentration and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and TUNEL. Collectively, our findings suggest that the exposure of pregnant women to environmental Cd might induce Cd to be transferred to the body and then accumulated in the placenta, resulting in disturbance of the placental function and eventual apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laorrat Phuapittayalert
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand.
| | | | - Wiphawi Hipkaeo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Wisa Supanpaiboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - Natthiya Sakulsak
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
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13
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Gumina S, Peruzzi B, Leopizzi M, Porta N, Di Maio V, Rocca CD, Candela V. Nuclear lamin A in rotator cuff tear margin tenocytes: an antiapoptotic and cell mechanostat factor. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:413. [PMID: 34193225 PMCID: PMC8243552 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The network of intermediate filament proteins underlying the inner nuclear membrane forms the nuclear lamin. A- and B-type lamins are the major components of the nuclear lamina. Lamins function in many nuclear activities. The role of lamin A and transcription factors (NF-kB) as anti-apoptotic is well documented. Recently, lamin A has also been considered as a mechanosensor protein that is able to maintain nuclear integrity from mechanical insults. We aimed to verify how lamin A expression varies in healthy cuff cells and in those with different-sized tears where various mechanical stresses are present. Methods Forty-three patients with rotator cuff tear (RCT) [23M–20F, mean age (SD): 63.5 (6.1)] were enrolled. Tissue samples excised from the most medial point of tear margins were analyzed for lamin A expression by immunohistochemistry. Controls were represented by samples obtained by normal supraspinatus tendons excised from patients submitted to reverse shoulder prosthesis implant [8M–7F, mean age (SD): 67.9 (7.1)]. The intensity of staining was graded, and an H-score was assigned. Statistical analysis was performed. Results Our study revealed a moderate intensity of lamin A in the healthy cuff tendons, a higher expression of this protein in the small tears, and a significant decrease of lamin A with increasing tear size (p < 0.0001). Conclusions Our study emphasizes the importance of early repair of small RCTs since nuclear stability is maintained, and the cellular function is protected by lamin A overexpression. High re-tear of massive cuff repair could be due to cellular apoptosis and nuclear modifications induced by lamin A lack. Level of evidence III
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Gumina
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Istituto Clinico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), Latina, Italy
| | - Barbara Peruzzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Leopizzi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Science and Biothecnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Natale Porta
- Department of Medico-Surgical Science and Biothecnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Valeria Di Maio
- Department of Medico-Surgical Science and Biothecnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Carlo Della Rocca
- Department of Medico-Surgical Science and Biothecnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Latina, Italy
| | - Vittorio Candela
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Istituto Clinico Ortopedico Traumatologico (ICOT), Latina, Italy.
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14
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Mozzini C, Setti A, Cicco S, Pagani M. The Most Severe Paradigm of Early Cardiovascular Disease: Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria. Focus on the Role of Oxidative Stress. Curr Probl Cardiol 2021; 47:100900. [PMID: 34167843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the most frequently recognized causes of ageing. Telomere erosion, defects in the DNA damage response and alterations in the nuclear architecture are also associated with premature ageing. The most severe premature ageing syndrome, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is associated with alterations in nuclear shape resulting in the deregulation of lamin A/C. In this review we describe emerging data reporting the role of OS and antioxidant defence in progeroid syndromes focusing on HGPS. We explore precise antioxidant defence mechanisms and related drugs that may create a potential path out of the woods in this disease. Pathways regulated by Nuclear factor E2 related factor (Nrf2), by Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-kB), and related to the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress are under investigation in HGPS patients for which the goal is a significant lifespan extension in particular by postponing atherosclerosis-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mozzini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova Italy.
| | - Angela Setti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Cicco
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology University of Bari, Aldo Moro Medical School, Bari, Italy.
| | - Mauro Pagani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova Italy.
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15
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Schwab N, Ju Y, Hazrati LN. Early onset senescence and cognitive impairment in a murine model of repeated mTBI. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:82. [PMID: 33964983 PMCID: PMC8106230 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) results in broad neurological symptoms and an increased risk of being diagnosed with a neurodegenerative disease later in life. While the immediate oxidative stress response and post-mortem pathology of the injured brain has been well studied, it remains unclear how early pathogenic changes may drive persistent symptoms and confer susceptibility to neurodegeneration. In this study we have used a mouse model of repeated mTBI (rmTBI) to identify early gene expression changes at 24 h or 7 days post-injury (7 dpi). At 24 h post-injury, gene expression of rmTBI mice shows activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) towards double strand DNA breaks, altered calcium and cell–cell signalling, and inhibition of cell death pathways. By 7 dpi, rmTBI mice had a gene expression signature consistent with induction of cellular senescence, activation of neurodegenerative processes, and inhibition of the DDR. At both timepoints gliosis, microgliosis, and axonal damage were evident in the absence of any gross lesion, and by 7 dpi rmTBI also mice had elevated levels of IL1β, p21, 53BP1, DNA2, and p53, supportive of DNA damage-induced cellular senescence. These gene expression changes reflect establishment of processes usually linked to brain aging and suggests that cellular senescence occurs early and most likely prior to the accumulation of toxic proteins. These molecular changes were accompanied by spatial learning and memory deficits in the Morris water maze. To conclude, we have identified DNA damage-induced cellular senescence as a repercussion of repeated mild traumatic brain injury which correlates with cognitive impairment. Pathways involved in senescence may represent viable treatment targets of post-concussive syndrome. Senescence has been proposed to promote neurodegeneration and appears as an effective target to prevent long-term complications of mTBI, such as chronic traumatic encephalopathy and other related neurodegenerative pathologies.
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16
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Karoutas A, Akhtar A. Functional mechanisms and abnormalities of the nuclear lamina. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:116-126. [PMID: 33558730 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-00630-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in nuclear shape are present in human diseases and ageing. A compromised nuclear lamina is molecularly interlinked to altered chromatin functions and genomic instability. Whether these alterations are a cause or a consequence of the pathological state are important questions in biology. Here, we summarize the roles of nuclear envelope components in chromatin organization, phase separation and transcriptional and epigenetic regulation. Examining these functions in healthy backgrounds will guide us towards a better understanding of pathological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Karoutas
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.,Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Asifa Akhtar
- Department of Chromatin Regulation, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
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17
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Huidobro C, Martín-Vicente P, López-Martínez C, Alonso-López I, Amado-Rodríguez L, Crespo I, M Albaiceta G. Cellular and molecular features of senescence in acute lung injury. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 193:111410. [PMID: 33249191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of insults can trigger acute injury in the lungs, which eventually may lead to respiratory failure and death of patients. Current treatment relies mainly on supportive measures and mechanical ventilation. Even so, survivors frequently develop important sequels that compromise quality of life. In the search for new approaches to prevent and treat acute lung injury, many investigations have focused on molecular and cellular pathways which could exert a pathogenic role in this disease. Herein, we review recent findings in the literature suggesting that cellular senescence could be involved in lung injury and discuss the potential use of senotherapies to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covadonga Huidobro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Paula Martín-Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Calle Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cecilia López-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Calle Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inés Alonso-López
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Calle Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Amado-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Irene Crespo
- Departamento de Biología Funcional. Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo M Albaiceta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Calle Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento de Biología Funcional. Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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18
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Heo SC, Kwon YW, Park GT, Kwon SM, Bae SS, Park BJ, Kim JH. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Therapy of Peripheral Artery Disease Is Stimulated by a Lamin A-Progerin Binding Inhibitor. J Lipid Atheroscler 2020; 9:460-473. [PMID: 33024737 PMCID: PMC7521968 DOI: 10.12997/jla.2020.9.3.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have been reported to promote angiogenesis and tissue repair. However, poor survival and engraftment efficiency of transplanted ASCs are the major bottlenecks for therapeutic application. The present study aims to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ASCs for peripheral artery diseases. Methods Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to induce apoptotic cell death in ASCs. To measure apoptosis, we used flow cytometry-based apoptosis analysis and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining. A murine hindlimb ischemia model was established to measure the ASC-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis and in vivo survival ability of ASCs. Results We identified that the inhibitor of lamin A-progerin binding, JH4, protects ASCs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Co-administration of ASCs with JH4 improved ASC-mediated blood reperfusion recovery and limb salvage compared to that of the control group in a mouse hind limb ischemia model. Immunofluorescence showed that JH4 treatment potentiated ASC-mediated vascular regeneration via reducing ASC apoptosis post transplantation. Conclusion JH4 exerts anti-apoptotic effects in ASCs in conditions of oxidative stress, and contributes to the repair of ischemic hind limb injury by improving cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Chul Heo
- Department of Oral Physiology and Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Yang Woo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Gyu Tae Park
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sang Mo Kwon
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Bum-Joon Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Physiology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea.,Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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Cenni V, Capanni C, Mattioli E, Schena E, Squarzoni S, Bacalini MG, Garagnani P, Salvioli S, Franceschi C, Lattanzi G. Lamin A involvement in ageing processes. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101073. [PMID: 32446955 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lamin A, a main constituent of the nuclear lamina, is the major splicing product of the LMNA gene, which also encodes lamin C, lamin A delta 10 and lamin C2. Involvement of lamin A in the ageing process became clear after the discovery that a group of progeroid syndromes, currently referred to as progeroid laminopathies, are caused by mutations in LMNA gene. Progeroid laminopathies include Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria, Mandibuloacral Dysplasia, Atypical Progeria and atypical-Werner syndrome, disabling and life-threatening diseases with accelerated ageing, bone resorption, lipodystrophy, skin abnormalities and cardiovascular disorders. Defects in lamin A post-translational maturation occur in progeroid syndromes and accumulated prelamin A affects ageing-related processes, such as mTOR signaling, epigenetic modifications, stress response, inflammation, microRNA activation and mechanosignaling. In this review, we briefly describe the role of these pathways in physiological ageing and go in deep into lamin A-dependent mechanisms that accelerate the ageing process. Finally, we propose that lamin A acts as a sensor of cell intrinsic and environmental stress through transient prelamin A accumulation, which triggers stress response mechanisms. Exacerbation of lamin A sensor activity due to stably elevated prelamin A levels contributes to the onset of a permanent stress response condition, which triggers accelerated ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Schena
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Squarzoni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge, University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Interdepartmental Center Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Changes, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy.
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20
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Progerin Expression Induces Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Senescence in Human Coronary Endothelial Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051201. [PMID: 32408587 PMCID: PMC7290406 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare premature aging disorder notably characterized by precocious and deadly atherosclerosis. Almost 90% of HGPS patients carry a LMNA p.G608G splice variant that leads to the expression of a permanently farnesylated abnormal form of prelamin-A, referred to as progerin. Endothelial dysfunction is a key determinant of atherosclerosis, notably during aging. Previous studies have shown that progerin accumulates in HGPS patients’ endothelial cells but also during vascular physiological aging. However, whether progerin expression in human endothelial cells can recapitulate features of endothelial dysfunction is currently unknown. Herein, we evaluated the direct impact of exogenously expressed progerin and wild-type lamin-A on human endothelial cell function and senescence. Our data demonstrate that progerin, but not wild-type lamin-A, overexpression induces endothelial cell dysfunction, characterized by increased inflammation and oxidative stress together with persistent DNA damage, increased cell cycle arrest protein expression and cellular senescence. Inhibition of progerin prenylation using a pravastatin–zoledronate combination partly prevents these defects. Our data suggest a direct proatherogenic role of progerin in human endothelial cells, which could contribute to HGPS-associated early atherosclerosis and also potentially be involved in physiological endothelial aging participating to age-related cardiometabolic diseases.
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21
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Huang M, Li J. Physiological regulation of reactive oxygen species in organisms based on their physicochemical properties. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13351. [PMID: 31344326 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is recognized as free radical dyshomeostasis, which has damaging effects on proteins, lipids and DNA. However, during cell differentiation and proliferation and other normal physiological processes, free radicals play a pivotal role in message transmission and are considered important messengers. Organisms maintain free radical homeostasis through a sophisticated regulatory system in which these "2-faced" molecules play appropriate roles under physiological and pathological conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including a large number of free radicals, act as redox signalling molecules in essential cellular signalling pathways, including cell differentiation and proliferation. However, excessive ROS levels can induce oxidative stress, which is an important risk factor for diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease. An overall comprehensive understanding of ROS is beneficial for understanding the pathogenesis of certain diseases and finding new therapeutic treatments. This review primarily focuses on ROS cellular localization, sources, chemistry and molecular targets to determine how to distinguish between the roles of ROS as messengers and in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei‐Zhou Huang
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS Lanzhou China
| | - Jian‐Yong Li
- Key Lab of New Animal Drug Project of Gansu Province, Key Lab of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of CAAS Lanzhou China
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22
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Kreienkamp R, Gonzalo S. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: Challenges at Bench and Bedside. Subcell Biochem 2019; 91:435-451. [PMID: 30888661 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3681-2_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The structural nuclear proteins known as "lamins" (A-type and B-type) provide a scaffold for the compartmentalization of genome function that is important to maintain genome stability. Mutations in the LMNA gene -encoding for A-type lamins- are associated with over a dozen of degenerative disorders termed laminopathies, which include muscular dystrophies, lipodystrophies, neuropathies, and premature ageing diseases such as Hutchinson Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). This devastating disease is caused by the expression of a truncated lamin A protein named "progerin". To date, there is no effective treatment for HGPS patients, who die in their teens from cardiovascular disease. At a cellular level, progerin expression impacts nuclear architecture, chromatin organization, response to mechanical stress, and DNA transactions such as transcription, replication and repair. However, the current view is that key mechanisms behind progerin toxicity still remain to be discovered. Here, we discuss new findings about pathological mechanisms in HGPS, especially the contribution of replication stress to cellular decline, and therapeutic strategies to ameliorate progerin toxicity. In particular, we present evidence for retinoids and calcitriol (hormonal vitamin D metabolite) being among the most potent compounds to ameliorate HGPS cellular phenotypes in vitro, providing the rationale for testing these compounds in preclinical models of the disease in the near term, and in patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Kreienkamp
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Doisy Research Center, St Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Yang G, Lin CC, Yang Y, Yuan L, Wang P, Wen X, Pan MH, Zhao H, Ho CT, Li S. Nobiletin Prevents Trimethylamine Oxide-Induced Vascular Inflammation via Inhibition of the NF-κB/MAPK Pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:6169-6176. [PMID: 31117553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dietary choline and its containing foods are biotransformed to trimethylamine (TMA) via gut microbial metabolism. Subsequently, as an intermediate molecule, TMA is quickly transported and oxidized in the liver by hepatic flavin monooxygenases to form trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). TMAO was treated as a waste byproduct from choline metabolism, but recent convincing evidence demonstrated the association between the small molecule TMAO and inflammation-related diseases, including blood vessel inflammation and vascular diseases. The scope of this study is to investigate the preventive effect of nobiletin on TMAO-induced blood vessel inflammation. Our results from Western blot showed that the inhibition of TMAO-induced cardiovascular inflammation was correlated with nobiletin-mediated inhibitory effects on NF-κB and MAPK/ERK related pathways. More specifically, nobiletin prevented the oxidative damage of vascular sites (proximal aorta), inhibited the activity of MAPK/ERK, reduced the expression of NF-κB p65 and phospho-NF-κB p65, and consequently decreased the inflammatory response. Flow cytometry analyses showed that nobiletin decreased TMAO-induced apoptosis of HUVEC cells and counteracted TMAO-induced HUVEC cell proliferation. Results from HE staining and immunohistochemical results also showed that nobiletin reduced the degree of inflammation of the proximal aorta in Sprague-Dawley rats. In summary, nobiletin significantly reduced TMAO-induced vascular inflammation via inhibition of the NF-κB/MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guliang Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin 300072 , China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and Byproducts Processing, Food Science and Engineering College , Central South University of Forestry and Technology , Changsha , Hunan 410004 , China
| | - Chi-Chen Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Science , National Chung-Hsing University , Taichung 40227 , Taiwan
| | - Yiwen Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
| | - Li Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
| | - Peilei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Sciences and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science , Tianjin University of Commerce , Tianjin 300072 , China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of EFGIR , Huanggang Normal University , Huanggang , Hubei 438000 , China
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24
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Nucleus–cytoplasm cross‐talk in the aging brain. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:247-261. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Mónico A, Duarte S, Pajares MA, Pérez-Sala D. Vimentin disruption by lipoxidation and electrophiles: Role of the cysteine residue and filament dynamics. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101098. [PMID: 30658903 PMCID: PMC6859561 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The intermediate filament protein vimentin constitutes a critical sensor for electrophilic and oxidative stress, which induce extensive reorganization of the vimentin cytoskeletal network. Here, we have investigated the mechanisms underlying these effects. In vitro, electrophilic lipids, including 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), directly bind to vimentin, whereas the oxidant diamide induces disulfide bond formation. Mutation of the single vimentin cysteine residue (Cys328) blunts disulfide formation and reduces lipoxidation by 15d-PGJ2, but not HNE. Preincubation with these agents differentially hinders NaCl-induced filament formation by wild-type vimentin, with effects ranging from delayed elongation and increased filament diameter to severe impairment of assembly or aggregation. Conversely, the morphology of vimentin Cys328Ser filaments is mildly or not affected. Interestingly, preformed vimentin filaments are more resistant to electrophile-induced disruption, although chemical modification is not diminished, showing that vimentin (lip)oxidation prior to assembly is more deleterious. In cells, electrophiles, particularly diamide, induce a fast and drastic disruption of existing filaments, which requires the presence of Cys328. As the cellular vimentin network is under continuous remodeling, we hypothesized that vimentin exchange on filaments would be necessary for diamide-induced disruption. We confirmed that strategies reducing vimentin dynamics, as monitored by FRAP, including cysteine crosslinking and ATP synthesis inhibition, prevent diamide effect. In turn, phosphorylation may promote vimentin disassembly. Indeed, treatment with the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A to prevent dephosphorylation intensifies electrophile-induced wild-type vimentin filament disruption. However, whereas a phosphorylation-deficient vimentin mutant is only partially protected from disorganization, Cys328Ser vimentin is virtually resistant, even in the presence of calyculin A. Together, these results indicate that modification of Cys328 and vimentin exchange are critical for electrophile-induced network disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Mónico
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofia Duarte
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Pajares
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Molecular Hepatology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Paseo de la Castellana 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Pérez-Sala
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Kuk MU, Kim JW, Lee YS, Cho KA, Park JT, Park SC. Alleviation of Senescence via ATM Inhibition in Accelerated Aging Models. Mol Cells 2019; 42:210-217. [PMID: 30726661 PMCID: PMC6449716 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The maintenance of mitochondrial function is closely linked to the control of senescence. In our previous study, we uncovered a novel mechanism in which senescence amelioration in normal aging cells is mediated by the recovered mitochondrial function upon Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) inhibition. However, it remains elusive whether this mechanism is also applicable to senescence amelioration in accelerated aging cells. In this study, we examined the role of ATM inhibition on mitochondrial function in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) and Werner syndrome (WS) cells. We found that ATM inhibition induced mitochondrial functional recovery accompanied by metabolic reprogramming, which has been known to be a prerequisite for senescence alleviation in normal aging cells. Indeed, the induced mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming was coupled with senescence amelioration in accelerated aging cells. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect via ATM inhibition was observed in HGPS as evidenced by reduced progerin accumulation with concomitant decrease of abnormal nuclear morphology. Taken together, our data indicate that the mitochondrial functional recovery by ATM inhibition might represent a promising strategy to ameliorate the accelerated aging phenotypes and to treat age-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeong Uk Kuk
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu,
Korea
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu,
Korea
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju,
Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Well Aging Research Center, Daegu,
Korea
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju,
Korea
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27
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Rodriguez BM, Khouzami L, Decostre V, Varnous S, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Hutchison CJ, Pecker F, Bonne G, Muchir A. N-acetyl cysteine alleviates oxidative stress and protects mice from dilated cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in nuclear A-type lamins gene. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 27:3353-3360. [PMID: 29982513 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy caused by lamin A/C gene (LMNA) mutations (hereafter referred as LMNA cardiomyopathy) is an anatomic and pathologic condition associated with muscular and electrical dysfunction of the heart, often leading to heart failure-related disability. There is currently no specific therapy available for patients that target the molecular pathophysiology of LMNA cardiomyopathy. We showed here an increase in oxidative stress levels in the hearts of mice carrying LMNA mutation, associated with a decrease of the key cellular antioxidant glutathione (GHS). Oral administration of N-acetyl cysteine, a GHS precursor, led to a marked improvement of GHS content, a decrease in oxidative stress markers including protein carbonyls and an improvement of left ventricular structure and function in a model of LMNA cardiomyopathy. Collectively, our novel results provide therapeutic insights into LMNA cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Morales Rodriguez
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France.,Sanofi R&D, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Lara Khouzami
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Inserm UMRS 955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Valérie Decostre
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Shaida Varnous
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Françoise Pecker
- Université Paris Est Créteil, Inserm UMRS 955, IMRB, Créteil, France
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Muchir
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, INSERM UMRS974, Center of Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, Paris, France
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28
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Cocci P, Mosconi G, Palermo FA. Gene expression profiles of putative biomarkers in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:99-106. [PMID: 30529946 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is evidence that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are consistently the predominant organic contaminants in concentration found in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from the North and Central Adriatic Sea. Hence this study investigates the PAH toxicity to loggerheads by using a particular set of genes [i.e. CYP1B, CAT, GPX, GSTT1, SOD3, DNMT1, Epoxide hydrolase 1 (EPHX1), Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), Lamin-A/C isoform 3 (LMNA), Talin 1 (TLN1), Annexin A1 (ANXA1)] whose altered expression is potentially dependent on and specific for the PAH-related mechanism of action. Twenty healthy juvenile loggerheads were thus divided into high and low exposure groups (mean of ΣPAHs: 80.34 ng mL-1 vs. 8.84 ng mL-1, P < 0.0001) according to the median split of ΣPAHs. Interestingly, we found that the whole blood mRNA levels of each gene biomarker tested were significantly increased in high PAH-exposed turtles thus proving to be useful for the biological monitoring of PAH toxicity and hematotoxicity in sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Cocci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Gilberto Mosconi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy
| | - Francesco Alessandro Palermo
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III Da Varano, I-62032, Camerino, MC, Italy.
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The Cutting Edge: The Role of mTOR Signaling in Laminopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040847. [PMID: 30781376 PMCID: PMC6412338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a ubiquitous serine/threonine kinase that regulates anabolic and catabolic processes, in response to environmental inputs. The existence of mTOR in numerous cell compartments explains its specific ability to sense stress, execute growth signals, and regulate autophagy. mTOR signaling deregulation is closely related to aging and age-related disorders, among which progeroid laminopathies represent genetically characterized clinical entities with well-defined phenotypes. These diseases are caused by LMNA mutations and feature altered bone turnover, metabolic dysregulation, and mild to severe segmental progeria. Different LMNA mutations cause muscular, adipose tissue and nerve pathologies in the absence of major systemic involvement. This review explores recent advances on mTOR involvement in progeroid and tissue-specific laminopathies. Indeed, hyper-activation of protein kinase B (AKT)/mTOR signaling has been demonstrated in muscular laminopathies, and rescue of mTOR-regulated pathways increases lifespan in animal models of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. Further, rapamycin, the best known mTOR inhibitor, has been used to elicit autophagy and degradation of mutated lamin A or progerin in progeroid cells. This review focuses on mTOR-dependent pathogenetic events identified in Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, LMNA-related cardiomyopathies, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria, mandibuloacral dysplasia, and type 2 familial partial lipodystrophy. Pharmacological application of mTOR inhibitors in view of therapeutic strategies is also discussed.
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Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome-Current Status and Prospects for Gene Therapy Treatment. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020088. [PMID: 30691039 PMCID: PMC6406247 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is one of the most severe disorders among laminopathies—a heterogeneous group of genetic diseases with a molecular background based on mutations in the LMNA gene and genes coding for interacting proteins. HGPS is characterized by the presence of aging-associated symptoms, including lack of subcutaneous fat, alopecia, swollen veins, growth retardation, age spots, joint contractures, osteoporosis, cardiovascular pathology, and death due to heart attacks and strokes in childhood. LMNA codes for two major, alternatively spliced transcripts, give rise to lamin A and lamin C proteins. Mutations in the LMNA gene alone, depending on the nature and location, may result in the expression of abnormal protein or loss of protein expression and cause at least 11 disease phenotypes, differing in severity and affected tissue. LMNA gene-related HGPS is caused by a single mutation in the LMNA gene in exon 11. The mutation c.1824C > T results in activation of the cryptic donor splice site, which leads to the synthesis of progerin protein lacking 50 amino acids. The accumulation of progerin is the reason for appearance of the phenotype. In this review, we discuss current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of HGPS and provide a critical analysis of current research trends in this field. We also discuss the mouse models available so far, the current status of treatment of the disease, and future prospects for the development of efficient therapies, including gene therapy for HGPS.
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31
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Markiewicz E, Idowu OC. Involvement of the nuclear structural proteins in aging-related responses of human skin to the environmental stress. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2018; 11:297-307. [PMID: 29928140 PMCID: PMC6003287 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s163792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Human skin is a stratified endocrine organ with primary roles in protection against detrimental biochemical and biophysical factors in the environment. Environmental stress causes gradual accumulation of the macromolecular damage and clinical manifestations consistent with chronic inflammatory conditions and premature aging of the skin. Structural proteins of cell nucleus, the nuclear lamins and lamina-associated proteins, play an important role in the regulation of a number of signal transduction pathways associated with stress. The nuclear lamina proteins have been implicated in a number of degenerative disorders with frequent clinical manifestations of the skin conditions related to premature aging. Analysis of the molecular signatures in response of the skin to a range of damaging factors not only points at the likely involvement of the nuclear lamina in transmission of the signals between the environment and cell nucleus but also defines skin's sensitivity to stress, and therefore the capacities to counteract external damage in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Markiewicz
- Hexis Lab, Science Central, The Core, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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32
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Brady GF, Kwan R, Ulintz PJ, Nguyen P, Bassirian S, Basrur V, Nesvizhskii AI, Loomba R, Omary MB. Nuclear lamina genetic variants, including a truncated LAP2, in twins and siblings with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2018; 67:1710-1725. [PMID: 28902428 PMCID: PMC5849478 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the major chronic liver disease in many countries. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, but twin and familial studies indicate significant heritability, which is not fully explained by currently known genetic susceptibility loci. Notably, mutations in genes encoding nuclear lamina proteins, including lamins, cause lipodystrophy syndromes that include NAFLD. We hypothesized that variants in lamina-associated proteins predispose to NAFLD and used a candidate gene-sequencing approach to test for variants in 10 nuclear lamina-related genes in a cohort of 37 twin and sibling pairs: 21 individuals with and 53 without NAFLD. Twelve heterozygous sequence variants were identified in four lamina-related genes (ZMPSTE24, TMPO, SREBF1, SREBF2). The majority of NAFLD patients (>90%) had at least one variant compared to <40% of controls (P < 0.0001). When only insertions/deletions and changes in conserved residues were considered, the difference between the groups was similarly striking (>80% versus <25%; P < 0.0001). Presence of a lamina variant segregated with NAFLD independently of the PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism. Several variants were found in TMPO, which encodes the lamina-associated polypeptide-2 (LAP2) that has not been associated with liver disease. One of these, a frameshift insertion that generates truncated LAP2, abrogated lamin-LAP2 binding, caused LAP2 mislocalization, altered endogenous lamin distribution, increased lipid droplet accumulation after oleic acid treatment in transfected cells, and led to cytoplasmic association with the ubiquitin-binding protein p62/SQSTM1. CONCLUSION Several variants in nuclear lamina-related genes were identified in a cohort of twins and siblings with NAFLD; one such variant, which results in a truncated LAP2 protein and a dramatic phenotype in cell culture, represents an association of TMPO/LAP2 variants with NAFLD and underscores the potential importance of the nuclear lamina in NAFLD. (Hepatology 2018;67:1710-1725).
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham F. Brady
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan,To whom correspondence should be addressed: University of Michigan Medical School, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, 1137 Catherine St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5622.
| | - Raymond Kwan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan
| | - Peter J. Ulintz
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan
| | - Phirum Nguyen
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Shirin Bassirian
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - Venkatesha Basrur
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan
| | - Alexey I. Nesvizhskii
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan,Department of Pathology, University of Michigan
| | - Rohit Loomba
- NAFLD Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan
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Houthaeve G, Robijns J, Braeckmans K, De Vos WH. Bypassing Border Control: Nuclear Envelope Rupture in Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2018; 33:39-49. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00029.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent observations in laminopathy patient cells and cancer cells have revealed that the nuclear envelope (NE) can transiently rupture during interphase. NE rupture leads to an uncoordinated exchange of nuclear and cytoplasmic material, thereby deregulating cellular homeostasis. Moreover, concurrently inflicted DNA damage could prime rupture-prone cells for genome instability. Thus, NE rupture may represent a novel pathogenic mechanism that has far-reaching consequences for cell and organism physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Houthaeve
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joke Robijns
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H. De Vos
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group (CSI), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Kang HT, Park JT, Choi K, Choi HJC, Jung CW, Kim GR, Lee YS, Park SC. Chemical screening identifies ROCK as a target for recovering mitochondrial function in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Aging Cell 2017; 16:541-550. [PMID: 28317242 PMCID: PMC5418208 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) constitutes a genetic disease wherein an aging phenotype manifests in childhood. Recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in HGPS phenotype progression. Thus, pharmacological reduction in ROS levels has been proposed as a potentially effective treatment for patient with this disorder. In this study, we performed high-throughput screening to find compounds that could reduce ROS levels in HGPS fibroblasts and identified rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (Y-27632) as an effective agent. To elucidate the underlying mechanism of ROCK in regulating ROS levels, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and discovered that ROCK1 interacts with Rac1b. ROCK activation phosphorylated Rac1b at Ser71 and increased ROS levels by facilitating the interaction between Rac1b and cytochrome c. Conversely, ROCK inactivation with Y-27632 abolished their interaction, concomitant with ROS reduction. Additionally, ROCK activation resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas ROCK inactivation with Y-27632 induced the recovery of mitochondrial function. Furthermore, a reduction in the frequency of abnormal nuclear morphology and DNA double-strand breaks was observed along with decreased ROS levels. Thus, our study reveals a novel mechanism through which alleviation of the HGPS phenotype is mediated by the recovery of mitochondrial function upon ROCK inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Tae Kang
- Well Aging Research Center; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology; Samsung Electronics; Suwon-si Korea
| | - Joon Tae Park
- Well Aging Research Center; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology; Samsung Electronics; Suwon-si Korea
| | - Kobong Choi
- Well Aging Research Center; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology; Samsung Electronics; Suwon-si Korea
| | - Hyo Jei Claudia Choi
- Well Aging Research Center; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology; Samsung Electronics; Suwon-si Korea
| | - Chul Won Jung
- Well Aging Research Center; Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology; Samsung Electronics; Suwon-si Korea
| | - Gyu Ree Kim
- Well Aging Research Center; DGIST; Daegu Korea
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Well Aging Research Center; DGIST; Daegu Korea
- Department of New Biology; DGIST; Daegu Korea
| | - Sang Chul Park
- Well Aging Research Center; DGIST; Daegu Korea
- Department of New Biology; DGIST; Daegu Korea
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35
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Takauji Y, Kudo I, En A, Matsuo R, Hossain MN, Nakabayashi K, Miki K, Fujii M, Ayusawa D. GNG11 (G-protein subunit γ 11) suppresses cell growth with induction of reactive oxygen species and abnormal nuclear morphology in human SUSM-1 cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 95:517-523. [PMID: 28380310 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2016-0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Enforced expression of GNG11, G-protein subunit γ 11, induces cellular senescence in normal human diploid fibroblasts. We here examined the effect of the expression of GNG11 on the growth of immortalized human cell lines, and found that it suppressed the growth of SUSM-1 cells, but not of HeLa cells. We then compared these two cell lines to understand the molecular basis for the action of GNG11. We found that expression of GNG11 induced the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal nuclear morphology in SUSM-1 cells but not in HeLa cells. Increased ROS generation by GNG11 would likely be caused by the down-regulation of the antioxidant enzymes in SUSM-1 cells. We also found that SUSM-1 cells, even under normal culture conditions, showed higher levels of ROS and higher incidence of abnormal nuclear morphology than HeLa cells, and that abnormal nuclear morphology was relevant to the increased ROS generation in SUSM-1 cells. Thus, SUSM-1 and HeLa cells showed differences in the regulation of ROS and nuclear morphology, which might account for their different responses to the expression of GNG11. Thus, SUSM-1 cells may provide a unique system to study the regulatory relationship between ROS generation, nuclear morphology, and G-protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takauji
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Ikuru Kudo
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Atsuki En
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsuo
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Mohammad Nazir Hossain
- b Department of Biochemistry, Primeasia University, 9 Banani C/A Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Kazuhiko Nakabayashi
- c Department of Maternal-Fetal Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kensuke Miki
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan.,d Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0048, Japan
| | - Michihiko Fujii
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan
| | - Dai Ayusawa
- a Graduate School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0027, Japan.,d Ichiban Life Corporation, 1-1-7 Horai-cho, Naka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 231-0048, Japan
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Kang HT, Park JT, Choi K, Kim Y, Choi HJC, Jung CW, Lee YS, Park SC. Chemical screening identifies ATM as a target for alleviating senescence. Nat Chem Biol 2017; 13:616-623. [DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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37
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Shah P, Wolf K, Lammerding J. Bursting the Bubble - Nuclear Envelope Rupture as a Path to Genomic Instability? Trends Cell Biol 2017; 27:546-555. [PMID: 28285738 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope safeguards the genetic material inside the nucleus by separating it from the cytoplasm. Until recently, it was assumed that nuclear envelope (NE) breakdown occurs only in a highly controlled fashion during mitosis when the chromatin is condensed and divided between the daughter cells. However, recent studies have demonstrated that adherent and migrating cells exhibit transient NE rupture during interphase caused by compression from cytoskeletal or external forces. NE rupture results in uncontrolled exchange between the nuclear interior and cytoplasm and leads to DNA damage. In this review, we discuss the causes and consequences of NE rupture, and how NE rupture could contribute to genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragya Shah
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Katarina Wolf
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud University Medical Centre, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Hashimoto K, Majumdar R, Tsuji Y. Nuclear lamins and progerin are dispensable for antioxidant Nrf2 response to arsenic and cadmium. Cell Signal 2017; 33:69-78. [PMID: 28229933 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lamins are important constituents of the nuclear inner membrane and provide a platform for transcription factors and chromatin. Progerin, a C-terminal truncated lamin A mutant, causes premature aging termed Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS). Oxidative stress appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of HGPS, although the mechanistic role of progerin remains elusive. Here we examined whether nuclear lamins are important for a cellular antioxidant mechanism, and whether progerin compromises it. We investigated the activation of nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) which regulates various antioxidant genes including heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1), following exposure to sodium arsenite or cadmium chloride in lamin knockdown human cell lines and primary HGPS human fibroblasts. Knocking down lamin A/C, or B, or all nuclear lamins simultaneously in three human cell lines (HaCaT, SW480, and K562) did not impair arsenite- or cadmium-induced activation of Nrf2. Progerin-expressing human primary HGPS fibroblasts showed lower basal levels of HMOX1 and NQO1 expression; however, in response to arsenic stress both normal and HGPS primary fibroblasts showed Nrf2 nuclear accumulation along with upregulation and phosphorylation of p62/SQSTM1 at Ser351, downregulation of Keap1, and comparable expression of an array of downstream Nrf2-regulated antioxidant genes. We also observed new forms of cleaved lamin A, B1 and B2 induced by cadmium stress although their roles in the Nrf2 antioxidant system need further investigation. These results suggest that the nuclear lamins and progerin have marginal roles in the activation of the antioxidant Nrf2 response to arsenic and cadmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Hashimoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States
| | - Rima Majumdar
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States
| | - Yoshiaki Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7633, Raleigh, NC 27695-7633, United States.
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Gonzalo S, Kreienkamp R, Askjaer P. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: A premature aging disease caused by LMNA gene mutations. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 33:18-29. [PMID: 27374873 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Products of the LMNA gene, primarily lamin A and C, are key components of the nuclear lamina, a proteinaceous meshwork that underlies the inner nuclear membrane and is essential for proper nuclear architecture. Alterations in lamin A and C that disrupt the integrity of the nuclear lamina affect a whole repertoire of nuclear functions, causing cellular decline. In humans, hundreds of mutations in the LMNA gene have been identified and correlated with over a dozen degenerative disorders, referred to as laminopathies. These diseases include neuropathies, muscular dystrophies, lipodystrophies, and premature aging diseases. This review focuses on one of the most severe laminopathies, Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), which is caused by aberrant splicing of the LMNA gene and expression of a mutant product called progerin. Here, we discuss current views about the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the pathophysiology of this devastating disease, as well as the strategies being tested in vitro and in vivo to counteract progerin toxicity. In particular, progerin accumulation elicits nuclear morphological abnormalities, misregulated gene expression, defects in DNA repair, telomere shortening, and genomic instability, all of which limit cellular proliferative capacity. In patients harboring this mutation, a severe premature aging disease develops during childhood. Interestingly, progerin is also produced in senescent cells and cells from old individuals, suggesting that progerin accumulation might be a factor in physiological aging. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms whereby progerin expression leads to HGPS is an emergent area of research, which could bring us closer to understanding the pathology of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Gonzalo
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Ray Kreienkamp
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Peter Askjaer
- Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD), CSIC/Junta de Andalucia/Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
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40
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Kubben N, Zhang W, Wang L, Voss TC, Yang J, Qu J, Liu GH, Misteli T. Repression of the Antioxidant NRF2 Pathway in Premature Aging. Cell 2016; 165:1361-1374. [PMID: 27259148 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, invariably fatal premature aging disorder. The disease is caused by constitutive production of progerin, a mutant form of the nuclear architectural protein lamin A, leading, through unknown mechanisms, to diverse morphological, epigenetic, and genomic damage and to mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attrition in vivo. Using a high-throughput siRNA screen, we identify the NRF2 antioxidant pathway as a driver mechanism in HGPS. Progerin sequesters NRF2 and thereby causes its subnuclear mislocalization, resulting in impaired NRF2 transcriptional activity and consequently increased chronic oxidative stress. Suppressed NRF2 activity or increased oxidative stress is sufficient to recapitulate HGPS aging defects, whereas reactivation of NRF2 activity in HGPS patient cells reverses progerin-associated nuclear aging defects and restores in vivo viability of MSCs in an animal model. These findings identify repression of the NRF2-mediated antioxidative response as a key contributor to the premature aging phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nard Kubben
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; FSU-CAS Innovation Institute, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ty C Voss
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jiping Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; FSU-CAS Innovation Institute, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100069, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Tom Misteli
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Corne TDJ, Sieprath T, Vandenbussche J, Mohammed D, Te Lindert M, Gevaert K, Gabriele S, Wolf K, De Vos WH. Deregulation of focal adhesion formation and cytoskeletal tension due to loss of A-type lamins. Cell Adh Migr 2016; 11:447-463. [PMID: 27791462 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2016.1247144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina mechanically integrates the nucleus with the cytoskeleton and extracellular environment and regulates gene expression. These functions are exerted through direct and indirect interactions with the lamina's major constituent proteins, the A-type lamins, which are encoded by the LMNA gene. Using quantitative stable isotope labeling-based shotgun proteomics we have analyzed the proteome of human dermal fibroblasts in which we have depleted A-type lamins by means of a sustained siRNA-mediated LMNA knockdown. Gene ontology analysis revealed that the largest fraction of differentially produced proteins was involved in actin cytoskeleton organization, in particular proteins involved in focal adhesion dynamics, such as actin-related protein 2 and 3 (ACTR2/3), subunits of the ARP2/3 complex, and fascin actin-bundling protein 1 (FSCN1). Functional validation using quantitative immunofluorescence showed a significant reduction in the size of focal adhesion points in A-type lamin depleted cells, which correlated with a reduction in early cell adhesion capacity and an increased cell motility. At the same time, loss of A-type lamins led to more pronounced stress fibers and higher traction forces. This phenotype could not be mimicked or reversed by experimental modulation of the STAT3-IL6 pathway, but it was partly recapitulated by chemical inhibition of the ARP2/3 complex. Thus, our data suggest that the loss of A-type lamins perturbs the balance between focal adhesions and cytoskeletal tension. This imbalance may contribute to mechanosensing defects observed in certain laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias D J Corne
- a Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology , Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,b Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group (CSI) , Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Tom Sieprath
- a Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology , Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,b Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group (CSI) , Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Jonathan Vandenbussche
- c Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Danahe Mohammed
- e Mechanobiology & Soft Matter Research Group, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons , Mons , Belgium
| | - Mariska Te Lindert
- f Department of Cell Biology , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Kris Gevaert
- c Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB , Belgium.,d Department of Biochemistry , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Sylvain Gabriele
- e Mechanobiology & Soft Matter Research Group, Interfaces and Complex Fluids Laboratory, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons , Mons , Belgium
| | - Katarina Wolf
- f Department of Cell Biology , Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- a Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology , Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,b Cell Systems and Imaging Research Group (CSI) , Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
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Abstract
One of the original hypotheses of organismal longevity posits that aging is the natural result of entropy on the cells, tissues, and organs of the animal—a slow, inexorable slide into nonfunctionality caused by stochastic degradation of its parts. We now have evidence that aging is instead at least in part genetically regulated. Many mutations have been discovered to extend lifespan in organisms of all complexities, from yeast to mammals. The study of metazoan model organisms, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, has been instrumental in understanding the role of genetics in the cell biology of aging. Longevity mutants across the spectrum of model organisms demonstrate that rates of aging are regulated through genetic control of cellular processes. The regulation and subsequent breakdown of cellular processes represent a programmatic decision by the cell to either continue or abandon maintenance procedures with age. Our understanding of cell biological processes involved in regulating aging have been particularly informed by longevity mutants and treatments, such as reduced insulin/IGF-1 signaling and dietary restriction, which are critical in determining the distinction between causes of and responses to aging and have revealed a set of downstream targets that participate in a range of cell biological activities. Here we briefly review some of these important cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Race DiLoreto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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43
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In silico synchronization reveals regulators of nuclear ruptures in lamin A/C deficient model cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30325. [PMID: 27461848 PMCID: PMC4962089 DOI: 10.1038/srep30325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a critical regulator of nuclear structure and function. Nuclei from laminopathy patient cells experience repetitive disruptions of the nuclear envelope, causing transient intermingling of nuclear and cytoplasmic components. The exact causes and consequences of these events are not fully understood, but their stochastic occurrence complicates in-depth analyses. To resolve this, we have established a method that enables quantitative investigation of spontaneous nuclear ruptures, based on co-expression of a firmly bound nuclear reference marker and a fluorescent protein that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm during ruptures. Minimally invasive imaging of both reporters, combined with automated tracking and in silico synchronization of individual rupture events, allowed extracting information on rupture frequency and recovery kinetics. Using this approach, we found that rupture frequency correlates inversely with lamin A/C levels, and can be reduced in genome-edited LMNA knockout cells by blocking actomyosin contractility or inhibiting the acetyl-transferase protein NAT10. Nuclear signal recovery followed a kinetic that is co-determined by the severity of the rupture event, and could be prolonged by knockdown of the ESCRT-III complex component CHMP4B. In conclusion, our approach reveals regulators of nuclear rupture induction and repair, which may have critical roles in disease development.
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Bell ES, Lammerding J. Causes and consequences of nuclear envelope alterations in tumour progression. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:449-464. [PMID: 27397692 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological changes in the size and shape of the nucleus are highly prevalent in cancer, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and the functional relevance remain poorly understood. Nuclear envelope proteins, which can modulate nuclear shape and organization, have emerged as key components in a variety of signalling pathways long implicated in tumourigenesis and metastasis. The expression of nuclear envelope proteins is altered in many cancers, and changes in levels of nuclear envelope proteins lamins A and C are associated with poor prognosis in multiple human cancers. In this review we highlight the role of the nuclear envelope in different processes important for tumour initiation and cancer progression, with a focus on lamins A and C. Lamin A/C controls many cellular processes with key roles in cancer, including cell invasion, stemness, genomic stability, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, and resistance to mechanical stress. In addition, we discuss potential mechanisms mediating the changes in lamin levels observed in many cancers. A better understanding of cause-and-effect relationships between lamin expression and tumour progression could reveal important mechanisms for coordinated regulation of oncogenic processes, and indicate therapeutic vulnerabilities that could be exploited for improved patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Bell
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering & Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States.
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45
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Abstract
The nuclear lamina (NL) is a structural component of the nuclear envelope and makes extensive contacts with integral nuclear membrane proteins and chromatin. These interactions are critical for many cellular processes, such as nuclear positioning, perception of mechanical stimuli from the cell surface, nuclear stability, 3-dimensional organization of chromatin and regulation of chromatin-binding proteins, including transcription factors. The NL is present in all nucleated metazoan cells but its composition and interactome differ between tissues. Most likely, this contributes to the broad spectrum of disease manifestations in humans with mutations in NL-related genes, ranging from muscle dystrophies to neurological disorders, lipodystrophies and progeria syndromes. We review here exciting novel insight into NL function at the cellular level, in particular in chromatin organization and mechanosensation. We also present recent observations on the relation between the NL and metabolism and the special relevance of the NL in muscle tissues. Finally, we discuss new therapeutic approaches to treat NL-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Dobrzynska
- a Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD) , CSIC/Junta de Andalucia/Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Seville , Spain
| | - Susana Gonzalo
- b Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , St Louis University School of Medicine , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Catherine Shanahan
- c BHF Center for Research Excellence , King's College London, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Center , London , UK
| | - Peter Askjaer
- a Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD) , CSIC/Junta de Andalucia/Universidad Pablo de Olavide , Seville , Spain
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46
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Baghirova S, Hughes BG, Poirier M, Kondo MY, Schulz R. Nuclear matrix metalloproteinase-2 in the cardiomyocyte and the ischemic-reperfused heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 94:153-161. [PMID: 27079252 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc-dependent proteases involved in intra- and extra-cellular matrix remodeling resulting from oxidative stress injury to the heart. MMP-2 was the first MMP to be localized to the nucleus; however, its biological functions there are unclear. We hypothesized that MMP-2 is present in the nucleus under normal physiological conditions but increases during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury-induced oxidative stress, proteolyzing nuclear structural proteins. Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that provide structural support to the nucleus and are putative targets of MMP-2. To identify lamin susceptibility to MMP-2 proteolysis, purified lamin A or B was incubated with MMP-2 in vitro. Lamin A, but not lamin B, was proteolysed by MMP-2 into an approximately 50kDa fragment, which was also predicted by in silico cleavage site analysis. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy and subcellular fractionation showed MMP-2 both in the cytosol and nuclei of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Rat hearts were isolated and perfused by the Langendorff method aerobically, or subjected to I/R injury in the presence or absence of o-phenanthroline, an MMP inhibitor. Nuclear fractions extracted from I/R hearts showed increased MMP-2 activity, but not protein level. The level of troponin I, a known sarcomeric target of MMP-2, was rescued in I/R hearts treated with o-phenanthroline, demonstrating the efficacy of MMP inhibition. However, lamin A or B levels remained unchanged in I/R hearts. MMP-2 has a widespread subcellular distribution in cardiomyocytes, including a significant presence in the nucleus. The increase in nuclear MMP-2 activity seen during stunning injury here, indicates yet unknown biological actions, other than lamin proteolysis, which may require more severe ischemia to effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Baghirova
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Bryan G Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Mathieu Poirier
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Marcia Y Kondo
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Richard Schulz
- Department of Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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47
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Oxidative Stress-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Degeneration: Molecules, Mechanisms, and Therapies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6842568. [PMID: 26798425 PMCID: PMC4700198 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6842568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a loss of balance between the production of reactive oxygen species during cellular metabolism and the mechanisms that clear these species to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Increased oxidative stress has been associated with muscular dystrophy, and many studies have proposed mechanisms that bridge these two pathological conditions at the molecular level. In this review, the evidence indicating a causal role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of various muscular dystrophies is revisited. In particular, the mediation of cellular redox status in dystrophic muscle by NF-κB pathway, autophagy, telomere shortening, and epigenetic regulation are discussed. Lastly, the current stance of targeting these pathways using antioxidant therapies in preclinical and clinical trials is examined.
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48
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Sieprath T, Corne TDJ, Nooteboom M, Grootaert C, Rajkovic A, Buysschaert B, Robijns J, Broers JLV, Ramaekers FCS, Koopman WJH, Willems PHGM, De Vos WH. Sustained accumulation of prelamin A and depletion of lamin A/C both cause oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction but induce different cell fates. Nucleus 2015; 6:236-46. [PMID: 25996284 PMCID: PMC4615646 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2015.1050568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell nucleus is structurally and functionally organized by lamins, intermediate filament proteins that form the nuclear lamina. Point mutations in genes that encode a specific subset of lamins, the A-type lamins, cause a spectrum of diseases termed laminopathies. Recent evidence points to a role for A-type lamins in intracellular redox homeostasis. To determine whether lamin A/C depletion and prelamin A accumulation differentially induce oxidative stress, we have performed a quantitative microscopy-based analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) in human fibroblasts subjected to sustained siRNA-mediated knockdown of LMNA and ZMPSTE24, respectively. We measured a highly significant increase in basal ROS levels and an even more prominent rise of induced ROS levels in lamin A/C depleted cells, eventually resulting in Δψm hyperpolarization and apoptosis. Depletion of ZMPSTE24 on the other hand, triggered a senescence pathway that was associated with moderately increased ROS levels and a transient Δψm depolarization. Both knockdowns were accompanied by an upregulation of several ROS detoxifying enzymes. Taken together, our data suggest that both persistent prelamin A accumulation and lamin A/C depletion elevate ROS levels, but to a different extent and with different effects on cell fate. This may contribute to the variety of disease phenotypes witnessed in laminopathies.
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Key Words
- CM-H2DCFDA, 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
- HGPS, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome
- LA, lamin A
- LMNAkd, LMNA knockdown
- MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblasts
- NHDF, normal human dermal fibroblasts
- NT, non-targeting
- OCR, oxygen consumtion rate
- PDL, population doubling level
- PLA, prelamin A
- RD, restrictive dermopathy
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TBHP, tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide
- TMRM, tetramethyl rhodamine methyl ester
- ZMPSTE24
- ZMPSTE24kd, ZMPSTE24 knockdown
- apoptosis
- hMSCs, human mesenchymal stem cells
- high-content microscopy
- lamin A/C
- laminopathies
- mitochondria
- mitochondrial dysfunction
- oxidative stress
- prelamin A
- senescence
- Δψm, mitochondrial membrane potential
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Sieprath
- a Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology; Department of Veterinary Sciences ; University of Antwerp ; Antwerp , Belgium
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Gibbs-Seymour I, Markiewicz E, Bekker-Jensen S, Mailand N, Hutchison CJ. Lamin A/C-dependent interaction with 53BP1 promotes cellular responses to DNA damage. Aging Cell 2015; 14:162-9. [PMID: 25645366 PMCID: PMC4364828 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamins A/C have been implicated in DNA damage response pathways. We show that the DNA repair protein 53BP1 is a lamin A/C binding protein. In undamaged human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), 53BP1 is a nucleoskeleton protein. 53BP1 binds to lamins A/C via its Tudor domain, and this is abrogated by DNA damage. Lamins A/C regulate 53BP1 levels and consequently lamin A/C-null HDF display a 53BP1 null-like phenotype. Our data favour a model in which lamins A/C maintain a nucleoplasmic pool of 53BP1 in order to facilitate its rapid recruitment to sites of DNA damage and could explain why an absence of lamin A/C accelerates aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Gibbs-Seymour
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham UniversityMountjoy Science Park, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
- Ubiquitin Signaling Group, Department of Disease Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Ewa Markiewicz
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham UniversityMountjoy Science Park, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Simon Bekker-Jensen
- Ubiquitin Signaling Group, Department of Disease Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Niels Mailand
- Ubiquitin Signaling Group, Department of Disease Biology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of CopenhagenCopenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Christopher J Hutchison
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham UniversityMountjoy Science Park, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
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50
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Hernández L, Terradas M, Camps J, Martín M, Tusell L, Genescà A. Aging and radiation: bad companions. Aging Cell 2015; 14:153-61. [PMID: 25645467 PMCID: PMC4364827 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging involves a deterioration of cell functions and changes that may predispose the cell to undergo an oncogenic transformation. The carcinogenic risks following radiation exposure rise with age among adults. Increasing inflammatory response, loss of oxidant/antioxidant equilibrium, ongoing telomere attrition, decline in the DNA damage response efficiency, and deleterious nuclear organization are age-related cellular changes that trigger a serious threat to genomic integrity. In this review, we discuss the mechanistic interplay between all these factors, providing an integrated view of how they contribute to the observed age-related increase in radiation sensitivity. As life expectancy increases and so it does the medical intervention, it is important to highlight the benefits of radiation protection in the elderly. Thus, a deep understanding of the mechanistic processes confining the threat of aging-related radiosensitivity is currently of foremost relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laia Hernández
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mariona Terradas
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Oncology Group, Hospital Clínic, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Institut D'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Martín
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Tusell
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Anna Genescà
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona08193, Bellaterra, Spain
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