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Kwon HY, Kim J, Ahn SJ. Drug exposure and risk factors of maculopathy in tamoxifen users. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16792. [PMID: 39039208 PMCID: PMC11263388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67670-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen, a pivotal therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, is known for its efficacy in reducing breast cancer recurrence and mortality. However, concerns about potential ocular complications, particularly maculopathy, have emerged. This study aims to investigate the risk and associated factors of diverse macular conditions in tamoxifen users, considering drug exposure, demographics, and systemic diseases. A nationwide cohort of tamoxifen users, comprised of 14,267 tamoxifen users, was analyzed using the health insurance review and assessment database in South Korea. Demographic and clinical characteristics were examined, and the cumulative incidence of macular diseases was stratified by age and cumulative tamoxifen dosage. We conducted logistic regression analysis to identify potential risk factors among clinical variables such as age, sex, indications for tamoxifen use, and systemic diseases associated with various macular conditions. Additionally, Cox proportional hazard models were used to determine the baseline clinical characteristics predictive of these macular conditions, with subsequent calculation of hazard ratios. Cumulative incidences of overall macular diseases, other maculopathy excluding common macular diseases, and macular edema were 26.4, 11.4, and 6.5%, respectively. The incidence of various macular conditions increased with age and the cumulative tamoxifen dose. Age, cumulative dose group, and liver diseases demonstrated significant associations with overall macular diseases and maculopathy excluding common macular diseases in multivariate logistic regression analyses (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, age emerged as significant predictive factors of maculopathy in Cox proportional hazard models. Tamoxifen-induced maculopathy poses a concern for prescribing physicians and ophthalmologists, and this study provides valuable insights into its risk and risk factors. This study may contribute to evidence-based guidelines for tamoxifen maculopathy screening, emphasizing the importance of considering age, cumulative dose, and liver diseases for recommendation on screening timing and frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Yoon Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 55, Hwasu-ro 14beon-gil, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10475, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Kim
- Department of Pre-Medicine, College of Medicine, and Biostatistics Laboratory, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Joon Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsipli-Ro, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn SJ, Kim J, Kwon HY. Nationwide Screening Practices for Tamoxifen Retinal Toxicity in South Korea: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2167. [PMID: 38673439 PMCID: PMC11050852 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background/Objectives: To investigate the nationwide screening practices and trends in tamoxifen retinal toxicity (tamoxifen retinopathy) in South Korea using national health insurance claims data. (2) Methods: A total of 43,848 patients who started tamoxifen therapy between 2015 and 2020 and had no prior ophthalmic diseases or other conditions requiring screening for retinopathy were included. The annual numbers of tamoxifen users and new initiators of tamoxifen therapy were assessed. The screening examinations were separated into baseline (first ophthalmic examination after tamoxifen administration) and subsequent monitoring examinations. The timing and modalities for the baseline and subsequent monitoring examinations performed between 2015 and 2021 were assessed in tamoxifen users. (3) Results: The annual number of tamoxifen users increased over the study period from 54,056 in 2015 to 81,720 in 2021. The number of patients who underwent ophthalmic examination after tamoxifen administration was 8961 (20.4%). Baseline screening was performed in 6.5% of patients within 1 year of use, and subsequent monitoring was performed in 27.8% of patients who underwent baseline screening. Funduscopy or fundus photography was performed most commonly for baseline screening and subsequent monitoring (99.0% and 98.6%, respectively), while optical coherence tomography was performed only in 21.9% and 29.6% of baseline and monitoring examinations, respectively. The average number of monitoring examinations per year was 0.68 ± 0.45. Although the annual percentage of patients receiving a baseline examination within 1 year gradually increased over time, the percentage of those with subsequent monitoring performed within 1 year was similar over the study period. (4) Conclusions: Our finding, appropriate screening in a small proportion of patients receiving tamoxifen, suggests the need to promote awareness among healthcare professionals and develop a standardized approach for screening for tamoxifen retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Joon Ahn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsipli-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Kim
- Department of Pre-Medicine, College of Medicine, and Biostatistics Lab, Medical Research Collaborating Center (MRCC), Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Yoon Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hanyang University Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222-1 Wangsipli-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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3
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Hu J, Zhu BY, Niu ZX. Catalysts of Healing: A Symphony of Synthesis and Clinical Artistry in Small-Molecule Agents for Breast Cancer Alleviation. Molecules 2024; 29:1166. [PMID: 38474678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, characterized by its molecular intricacy, has witnessed a surge in targeted therapeutics owing to the rise of small-molecule drugs. These entities, derived from cutting-edge synthetic routes, often encompassing multistage reactions and chiral synthesis, target a spectrum of oncogenic pathways. Their mechanisms of action range from modulating hormone receptor signaling and inhibiting kinase activity, to impeding DNA damage repair mechanisms. Clinical applications of these drugs have resulted in enhanced patient survival rates, reduction in disease recurrence, and improved overall therapeutic indices. Notably, certain molecules have showcased efficacy in drug-resistant breast cancer phenotypes, highlighting their potential in addressing treatment challenges. The evolution and approval of small-molecule drugs have ushered in a new era for breast cancer therapeutics. Their tailored synthetic pathways and defined mechanisms of action have augmented the precision and efficacy of treatment regimens, paving the way for improved patient outcomes in the face of this pervasive malignancy. The present review embarks on a detailed exploration of small-molecule drugs that have secured regulatory approval for breast cancer treatment, emphasizing their clinical applications, synthetic pathways, and distinct mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
| | - Bi-Yue Zhu
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400015, China
| | - Zhen-Xi Niu
- Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450018, China
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Abd El-Sadek I, Morishita R, Mori T, Makita S, Mukherjee P, Matsusaka S, Yasuno Y. Label-free visualization and quantification of the drug-type-dependent response of tumor spheroids by dynamic optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3366. [PMID: 38336794 PMCID: PMC10858208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate label-free dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT)-based visualization and quantitative assessment of patterns of tumor spheroid response to three anti-cancer drugs. The study involved treating human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7 cell-line) with paclitaxel (PTX), tamoxifen citrate (TAM), and doxorubicin (DOX) at concentrations of 0 (control), 0.1, 1, and 10 µM for 1, 3, and 6 days. In addition, fluorescence microscopy imaging was performed for reference. The D-OCT imaging was performed using a custom-built OCT device. Two algorithms, namely logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) and late OCT correlation decay speed (OCDS[Formula: see text]) were used to visualize the tissue dynamics. The spheroids treated with 0.1 and 1 µM TAM appeared similar to the control spheroid, whereas those treated with 10 µM TAM had significant structural corruption and decreasing LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] over treatment time. The spheroids treated with PTX had decreasing volumes and decrease of LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] signals over time at most PTX concentrations. The spheroids treated with DOX had decreasing and increasing volumes over time at DOX concentrations of 1 and 10 µM, respectively. Meanwhile, the LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] signals decreased over treatment time at all DOX concentrations. The D-OCT, particularly OCDS[Formula: see text], patterns were consistent with the fluorescence microscopic patterns. The diversity in the structural and D-OCT results among the drug types and among the concentrations are explained by the mechanisms of the drugs. The presented results suggest that D-OCT is useful for evaluating the difference in the tumor spheroid response to different drugs and it can be a useful tool for anti-cancer drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Rion Morishita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mori
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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Liu Y, Yin Z, Wang Y, Chen H. Exploration and validation of key genes associated with early lymph node metastasis in thyroid carcinoma using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and machine learning. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1247709. [PMID: 38144565 PMCID: PMC10739373 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1247709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thyroid carcinoma (THCA), the most common endocrine neoplasm, typically exhibits an indolent behavior. However, in some instances, lymph node metastasis (LNM) may occur in the early stages, with the underlying mechanisms not yet fully understood. Materials and methods LNM potential was defined as the tumor's capability to metastasize to lymph nodes at an early stage, even when the tumor volume is small. We performed differential expression analysis using the 'Limma' R package and conducted enrichment analyses using the Metascape tool. Co-expression networks were established using the 'WGCNA' R package, with the soft threshold power determined by the 'pickSoftThreshold' algorithm. For unsupervised clustering, we utilized the 'ConsensusCluster Plus' R package. To determine the topological features and degree centralities of each node (protein) within the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, we used the CytoNCA plugin integrated with the Cytoscape tool. Immune cell infiltration was assessed using the Immune Cell Abundance Identifier (ImmuCellAI) database. We applied the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms individually, with the 'glmnet,' 'e1071,' and 'randomForest' R packages, respectively. Ridge regression was performed using the 'oncoPredict' algorithm, and all the predictions were based on data from the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database. To ascertain the protein expression levels and subcellular localization of genes, we consulted the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database. Molecular docking was carried out using the mcule 1-click Docking server online. Experimental validation of gene and protein expression levels was conducted through Real-Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays. Results Through WGCNA and PPI network analysis, we identified twelve hub genes as the most relevant to LNM potential from these two modules. These 12 hub genes displayed differential expression in THCA and exhibited significant correlations with the downregulation of neutrophil infiltration, as well as the upregulation of dendritic cell and macrophage infiltration, along with activation of the EMT pathway in THCA. We propose a novel molecular classification approach and provide an online web-based nomogram for evaluating the LNM potential of THCA (http://www.empowerstats.net/pmodel/?m=17617_LNM). Machine learning algorithms have identified ERBB3 as the most critical gene associated with LNM potential in THCA. ERBB3 exhibits high expression in patients with THCA who have experienced LNM or have advanced-stage disease. The differential methylation levels partially explain this differential expression of ERBB3. ROC analysis has identified ERBB3 as a diagnostic marker for THCA (AUC=0.89), THCA with high LNM potential (AUC=0.75), and lymph nodes with tumor metastasis (AUC=0.86). We have presented a comprehensive review of endocrine disruptor chemical (EDC) exposures, environmental toxins, and pharmacological agents that may potentially impact LNM potential. Molecular docking revealed a docking score of -10.1 kcal/mol for Lapatinib and ERBB3, indicating a strong binding affinity. Conclusion In conclusion, our study, utilizing bioinformatics analysis techniques, identified gene modules and hub genes influencing LNM potential in THCA patients. ERBB3 was identified as a key gene with therapeutic implications. We have also developed a novel molecular classification approach and a user-friendly web-based nomogram tool for assessing LNM potential. These findings pave the way for investigations into the mechanisms underlying differences in LNM potential and provide guidance for personalized clinical treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenglang Yin
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Digestive Endoscopy Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haohao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Hefei), Hefei, Anhui, China
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Abd El-Sadek I, Shen LTW, Mori T, Makita S, Mukherjee P, Lichtenegger A, Matsusaka S, Yasuno Y. Label-free drug response evaluation of human derived tumor spheroids using three-dimensional dynamic optical coherence tomography. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15377. [PMID: 37717067 PMCID: PMC10505213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims at demonstrating label-free drug-response-patterns assessment of different tumor spheroids and drug types by dynamic optical coherence tomography (D-OCT). The study involved human breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer (HT-29) spheroids. The MCF-7 and HT-29 spheroids were treated with paclitaxel (Taxol; PTX) and the active metabolite of irinotecan SN-38, respectively. The drugs were applied with 0 (control), 0.1, 1, and 10 μM concentrations and the treatment durations were 1, 3, and 6 days. A swept-source OCT microscope equipped with a repeated raster scanning protocol was used to scan the spheroids. Logarithmic intensity variance (LIV) and late OCT correlation decay speed (OCDS[Formula: see text]) algorithms were used to visualize the tumor spheroid dynamics. LIV and OCDS[Formula: see text] images visualized different response patterns of the two types of spheroids. In addition, spheroid morphology, LIV, and OCDS[Formula: see text] quantification showed different time-courses among the spheroid and drug types. These results may indicate different action mechanisms of the drugs. The results showed the feasibility of D-OCT for the evaluation of drug response patterns of different cell spheroids and drug types and suggest that D-OCT can perform anti-cancer drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abd El-Sadek
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Damietta, 34517, Egypt
| | - Larina Tzu-Wei Shen
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoko Mori
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Makita
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Pradipta Mukherjee
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
| | - Antonia Lichtenegger
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 4L, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Satoshi Matsusaka
- Clinical Research and Regional Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yasuno
- Computational Optics Group, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan.
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Athanasopoulou D, Lionaki S, Skalioti C, Liapis G, Vlachoyiannopoulos P, Boletis I. Drug-Induced Podocytopathies: Report of Four Cases and Review of the Literature. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1264. [PMID: 37374047 DOI: 10.3390/life13061264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney injury due to medications is a well-known clinical entity. Although drug-induced tubulointerstitial disease is commonly encountered, there are few reports in the literature associated with glomerular injury due to medications. The recognition of this type of kidney injury is crucial, as rapid discontinuation of the offending agent is critical to maximizing the likelihood of quick and effective renal function recovery. In this article, we present four cases that presented with nephrotic syndrome and were diagnosed with biopsy-proven podocytopathies, associated with exposure to a certain medication. All of them experienced complete resolution of nephrotic syndrome within days or weeks after discontinuation of the offending drug. We also present the data, which were found in a Medline search from the year 1963 until the present, regarding cases with podocytopathies associated with penicillamine, tamoxifen and the combination of pembrolizumab-axitinib, including only adult cases from the English literature. The Medline search revealed nineteen cases of penicillamine-induced minimal-change disease (MCD), one case of tamoxifen-induced MCD, and none associated with pembrolizumab-axitinib therapy. We also searched for the largest studies and meta-analyses regarding drug-induced podocytopathies after a Medline search from 1967 to the present of the English literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diamanto Athanasopoulou
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Lionaki
- Department of Nephrology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attiko Hospital, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Skalioti
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - George Liapis
- Department of Pathology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Panayiotis Vlachoyiannopoulos
- Department of Pathophysiology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Boletis
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
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Bazvand F, Mahdizad Z, Mohammadi N, Shahi F, Mirghorbani M, Riazi-Esfahani H, Modjtahedi BS. Tamoxifen retinopathy. Surv Ophthalmol 2023:S0039-6257(23)00038-3. [PMID: 36781026 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that is used in the treatment of breast cancer. As there are estrogen receptors in the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid, these tissues may also be affected by TAM. We describe the reported effects of TAM on the retina and choroid. Medical databases were searched using relevant keywords and the results were extracted and pooled. The incidence of retinal/choroidal toxicity ranged from 0.9% to 12%. There was a wide range for the time of exposure before the development of TAM retinopathy (3 weeks to 13 years). While functional measurements may be appropriate for assessment of TAM retinopathy, they have not been effective for screening patients. There is no generally accepted screening modality, but serial funduscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging seem to be the most reasonable approach for detecting early TAM-induced retinal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bazvand
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mahdizad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nader Mohammadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Shahi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mirghorbani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Riazi-Esfahani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bobeck S Modjtahedi
- Department of Research and Evaluation, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Clinical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA, USA; Eye Monitoring Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Baldwin Park, CA, USA
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9
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Pagliuca M, Donato M, D’Amato AL, Rosanova M, Russo AOM, Scafetta R, De Angelis C, Trivedi MV, André F, Arpino G, Del Mastro L, De Laurentiis M, Puglisi F, Giuliano M. New steps on an old path: Novel estrogen receptor inhibitors in breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 180:103861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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10
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Khan MZI, Uzair M, Nazli A, Chen JZ. An overview on Estrogen receptors signaling and its ligands in breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 241:114658. [PMID: 35964426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen governs the regulations of various pathological and physiological actions throughout the body in both males and females. Generally, 17β-estradiol an endogenous estrogen is responsible for different health problems in pre and postmenopausal women. The major activities of endogenous estrogen are executed by nuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) ERα and ERβ while non-genomic cytoplasmic pathways also govern cell growth and apoptosis. Estrogen accomplished a fundamental role in the formation and progression of breast cancer. In this review, we have hyphenated different studies regarding ERs and a thorough and detailed study of estrogen receptors is presented. This review highlights different aspects of estrogens ranging from receptor types, their isoforms, structures, signaling pathways of ERα, ERβ and GPER along with their crystal structures, pathological roles of ER, ER ligands, and therapeutic strategies to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Uzair
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Adila Nazli
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jian-Zhong Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
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11
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Development of Potent ERα Inhibitors: Effectively Inhibit the Growth of Breast Cancer Cells. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Acosta R, Damas Fuentes M, Pena N, Rojas P, Zambrano C. Therapeutic impact and routine application of next‑generation sequencing: A single institute study. Biomed Rep 2022; 16:33. [PMID: 35386110 PMCID: PMC8972834 DOI: 10.3892/br.2022.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic sequencing of tumor tissues provides information on actionable gene aberrations that have diagnostic and therapeutic significance and may guide clinical management through the use of targeted therapies. The indications for these techniques and their possible limitations for application in daily practice should be established as a priority. In the present study, a group of patients with few suitable therapeutic options who were eligible for a next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis were analyzed, and the molecular targets identified and their therapeutic impact are described. A series of 26 patients treated at the Virgen Macarena Hospital for whom an NGS study was requested between January 2017 and December 2019 were reviewed. Actionable molecular alterations were identified in 20 of the cases, and 4 patients received NGS-guided treatment. NGS techniques represent a novel opportunity for guiding treatment in cancer patients. Patients with few therapeutic alternatives, either due to diagnosis, atypical evolution or resistance to standard therapy, may be suitable candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Acosta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - María Damas Fuentes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Nicolás Pena
- Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Pilar Rojas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Zambrano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, 41009 Seville, Spain
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Eerlings R, Barbakadze N, Nguyen T, Nadaraia N, Smeets E, Moris L, Handle F, El Kharraz S, Devlies W, Voet A, Dehaen W, Claessens F, Helsen C. Small-molecule profiling for steroid receptor activity using a universal steroid receptor reporter assay. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 217:106043. [PMID: 34902544 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A critical step in the development of novel drug candidates for the treatment of steroid related diseases is ensuring the absence of crosstalk with steroid receptors (SRs). Establishing this SR cross-reactivity profile requires multiple reporter assays as each SR associates with its unique enhancer region, a labor intensive and time-consuming approach. To overcome this need for multi-reporter assays, we established a steroid receptor inducible luciferase reporter assay (SRi-Luc) that allows side-by-side examination of agonistic and antagonistic properties of small-molecules on all steroid receptors. This state-of-the-art SRi-Luc consists of a unique alteration of four distinct keto-steroid- and estrogen response elements. As proof of principle, the SRi-Luc assay was used to profile a set of novel designed steroidal 1,2,3-triazoles. These triazolized steroidal compounds were developed via our in-house triazolization methodology, in which an enolizable ketone is converted into a triazolo-fused or -linked analog by treatment with a primary amine or ammonium salt in the presence of 4-nitrophenyl azide. From these designed steroidal 1,2,3-triazoles, six successfully reduced androgen receptor activity by 40 %. Although opted as antiandrogens, their cross-reactivity with other SRs was apparent in our SRi-Luc assay and rendered them unsuited for further antagonist development and clinical use. Overall, the SRi-Luc overcomes the need of multi-reporter assays for the profiling of small-molecules on all SRs. This not only reduces the risk of introducing biases, it as well accelerates early-stage drug discovery when designing particular SR selective (ant)agonists or characterizing off-target effects of lead molecules acting on any drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Eerlings
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nana Barbakadze
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Plant Biopolymers and Chemical Modification of Natural Compounds, TSMU Iovel Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Tien Nguyen
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nanuli Nadaraia
- Department of Plant Biopolymers and Chemical Modification of Natural Compounds, TSMU Iovel Kutateladze Institute of Pharmacochemistry, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Elien Smeets
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisa Moris
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Florian Handle
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah El Kharraz
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wout Devlies
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Arnout Voet
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Modelling and Design, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank Claessens
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Helsen
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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Ngoo QZ, Wan Hitam WH, Tan CL, Krishna Bhavaraju VM. Evaluation of Optic Nerve Head Parameters and Electro-Physiology Among Breast Cancer Patients on Tamoxifen. Cureus 2022; 14:e21042. [PMID: 35155010 PMCID: PMC8824467 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.21042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction To evaluate if early tamoxifen toxicity can be detected by comparing pre-and post-treatment optic nerve head parameters and visual function using Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph III (HRT III) and Pattern Visual Evoked Potential (Pattern VEP). Method This is a prospective study involving 76 eyes of 38 breast cancer patients treated with tamoxifen in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia. These patients were examined by a single doctor and the investigations were done by a single technician. The visual acuity, optic nerve function, visual field, optic nerve head parameters on HRT III and Pattern VEP were assessed. The examination was performed before and three months after treatment initiation. Results There was no tamoxifen ocular toxicity found three months post-treatment with tamoxifen. There was no change in visual acuity and optic nerve function post-treatment initiation. There were no statistically significant changes found in optic nerve head parameters on HRT III and P 100 peak latency and amplitude on Pattern VEP. Conclusion Ocular toxicity is a recognized complication of tamoxifen treatment. Tamoxifen optic neuropathy is a potentially irreversible, visually disabling complication. Tamoxifen ocular toxicity was not found three months after tamoxifen treatment initiation among estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients. No early changes in optic nerve head parameters and P 100 peak latency and amplitude changes were found after three months of treatment. A longer duration of monitoring with HRT III and Pattern VEP may be needed to adequately observe for early, subclinical changes in optic nerve head parameters and visual function among tamoxifen users.
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15
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Dubey SK, Bhatt T, Agrawal M, Saha RN, Saraf S, Saraf S, Alexander A. Application of chitosan modified nanocarriers in breast cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 194:521-538. [PMID: 34822820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As per the WHO, every year around 2.1 million women are detected with breast cancer. It is one of the most invasive cancer in women and second most among all, contributing around 15% of death worldwide. The available anticancer therapies including chemo, radio, and hormone therapy are associated with a high load of reversible and irreversible adverse effects, limited therapeutic efficacy, and low chances of quality survival. To minimize the side effects, improving therapeutic potency and patient compliance promising targeted therapies are highly desirable. In this sequence, various nanocarriers and target modified systems have been explored by researchers throughout the world. Among these chitosan-based nanocarriers offers one of the most interesting, flexible, and biocompatible systems. The unique characteristics of chitosan like surface flexibility, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, non-toxic and cost-effective behavior assist to overcome the inadequacy of existing therapy. The present review throws light on the successes, failures, and current status of chitosan modified novel techniques for tumor targeting of bioactives. It also emphasizes the molecular classification of breast cancer and current clinical development of novel therapies. The review compiles most relevant works of the past 10 years focusing on the application of chitosan-based nanocarrier against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia, 700056 Kolkata, India; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Tanya Bhatt
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukta Agrawal
- School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies (NMIMS), Hyderabad, India, 509301
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani (BITS-PILANI), Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Swarnlata Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Shailendra Saraf
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-Guwahati), Sila, Changsari, Kamrup, 781101 Guwahati, Assam, India.
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16
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Malik JA, Ahmed S, Jan B, Bender O, Al Hagbani T, Alqarni A, Anwar S. Drugs repurposed: An advanced step towards the treatment of breast cancer and associated challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112375. [PMID: 34863612 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is mostly observed in women and is responsible for huge mortality in women subjects globally. Due to the continued development of drug resistance and other contributing factors, the scientific community needs to look for new alternatives, and drug repurposing is one of the best opportunities. Here we light upon the drug repurposing with a major focus on breast cancer. BC is a division of cancer known as the leading cause of death of 2.3 million women globally, with 685,000 fatalities. This number is steadily rising, necessitating the development of a treatment that can extend survival time. All available treatments for BC are very costly as well as show side effects. This unfulfilled requirement of the anti-cancer drugs ignited an enthusiasm for drug repositioning, which means finding out the anti-cancer use of already marketed drugs for other complications. With the advancement in proteomics, genomics, and computational approaches, the drug repurposing process hastens. So many drugs are repurposed for the BC, including alkylating agents, antimetabolite, anthracyclines, an aromatase inhibitor, mTOR, and many more. The drug resistance in breast cancer is rising, so reviewing how the challenges in breast cancer can be combated with drug repurposing. This paper provides the updated information on all the repurposed drugs candidates for breast cancer with the molecular mechanism responsible for their anti-tumor activity. Additionally, all the challenges that occur during the repurposing of the drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, India; Department of Biomedical engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Ropar, Punjab, India
| | - Sakeel Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali, India
| | - Bisma Jan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Onur Bender
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aali Alqarni
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmacology unit, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Al Baha University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sirajudheen Anwar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
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17
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Zheng L, Lin Y, Zhong S. ROS Signaling-Mediated Novel Biological Targets: Brf1 and RNA Pol III Genes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5888432. [PMID: 34646425 PMCID: PMC8505076 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5888432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biomolecule metabolism produces ROS (reactive oxygen species) under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Dietary factors (alcohol) and carcinogens (EGF, DEN, and MNNG) also induce the release of ROS. ROS often causes cell stress and tissue injury, eventually resulting in disorders or diseases of the body through different signaling pathways. Normal metabolism of protein is critically important to maintain cellular function and body health. Brf1 (transcript factor II B-related factor 1) and its target genes, RNA Pol III genes (RNA polymerase III-dependent genes), control the process of protein synthesis. Studies have demonstrated that the deregulation of Brf1 and its target genes is tightly linked to cell proliferation, cell transformation, tumor development, and human cancers, while alcohol, EGF, DEN, and MNNG are able to induce the deregulation of these genes through different signaling pathways. Therefore, it is very important to emphasize the roles of these signaling events mediating the processes of Brf1 and RNA Pol III gene transcription. In the present paper, we mainly summarize our studies on signaling events which mediate the deregulation of these genes in the past dozen years. These studies indicate that Brf1 and RNA Pol III genes are novel biological targets of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liling Zheng
- First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Yongluan Lin
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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18
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Gediz Erturk A, Sahin A, Bati Ay E, Pelit E, Bagdatli E, Kulu I, Gul M, Mesci S, Eryilmaz S, Oba Ilter S, Yildirim T. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Molecules 2021; 26:3526. [PMID: 34207756 PMCID: PMC8228528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Since December 2019, humanity has faced an important global threat. Many studies have been published on the origin, structure, and mechanism of action of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the treatment of its disease. The priority of scientists all over the world has been to direct their time to research this subject. In this review, we highlight chemical studies and therapeutic approaches to overcome COVID-19 with seven different sections. These sections are the structure and mechanism of action of SARS-CoV-2, immunotherapy and vaccine, computer-aided drug design, repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19, synthesis of new molecular structures against COVID-19, food safety/security and functional food components, and potential natural products against COVID-19. In this work, we aimed to screen all the newly synthesized compounds, repurposing chemicals covering antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiparasitic, anticancer, antipsychotic, and antihistamine compounds against COVID-19. We also highlight computer-aided approaches to develop an anti-COVID-19 molecule. We explain that some phytochemicals and dietary supplements have been identified as antiviral bioproducts, which have almost been successfully tested against COVID-19. In addition, we present immunotherapy types, targets, immunotherapy and inflammation/mutations of the virus, immune response, and vaccine issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Gediz Erturk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Altınordu, Ordu 52200, Turkey;
| | - Arzu Sahin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences—Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Uşak University, 1-EylulUşak 64000, Turkey;
| | - Ebru Bati Ay
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University, Suluova, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - Emel Pelit
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli 39000, Turkey;
| | - Emine Bagdatli
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ordu University, Altınordu, Ordu 52200, Turkey;
| | - Irem Kulu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey;
| | - Melek Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekkoy, Amasya 05100, Turkey
| | - Seda Mesci
- Scientific Technical Application and Research Center, Hitit University, Çorum 19030, Turkey;
| | - Serpil Eryilmaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekkoy, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - Sirin Oba Ilter
- Food Processing Department, Suluova Vocational School, Amasya University, Suluova, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
| | - Tuba Yildirim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Ipekkoy, Amasya 05100, Turkey;
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19
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Varela NM, Guevara-Ramírez P, Acevedo C, Zambrano T, Armendáriz-Castillo I, Guerrero S, Quiñones LA, López-Cortés A. A New Insight for the Identification of Oncogenic Variants in Breast and Prostate Cancers in Diverse Human Populations, With a Focus on Latinos. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630658. [PMID: 33912047 PMCID: PMC8072346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BRCA) and prostate cancer (PRCA) are the most commonly diagnosed cancer types in Latin American women and men, respectively. Although in recent years large-scale efforts from international consortia have focused on improving precision oncology, a better understanding of genomic features of BRCA and PRCA in developing regions and racial/ethnic minority populations is still required. Methods: To fill in this gap, we performed integrated in silico analyses to elucidate oncogenic variants from BRCA and PRCA driver genes; to calculate their deleteriousness scores and allele frequencies from seven human populations worldwide, including Latinos; and to propose the most effective therapeutic strategies based on precision oncology. Results: We analyzed 339,100 variants belonging to 99 BRCA and 82 PRCA driver genes and identified 18,512 and 15,648 known/predicted oncogenic variants, respectively. Regarding known oncogenic variants, we prioritized the most frequent and deleterious variants of BRCA (n = 230) and PRCA (n = 167) from Latino, African, Ashkenazi Jewish, East Asian, South Asian, European Finnish, and European non-Finnish populations, to incorporate them into pharmacogenomics testing. Lastly, we identified which oncogenic variants may shape the response to anti-cancer therapies, detailing the current status of pharmacogenomics guidelines and clinical trials involved in BRCA and PRCA cancer driver proteins. Conclusion: It is imperative to unify efforts where developing countries might invest in obtaining databases of genomic profiles of their populations, and developed countries might incorporate racial/ethnic minority populations in future clinical trials and cancer researches with the overall objective of fomenting pharmacogenomics in clinical practice and public health policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson M Varela
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Guevara-Ramírez
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristian Acevedo
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Clinical Hospital University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tomás Zambrano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac Armendáriz-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Guerrero
- Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis A Quiñones
- Laboratory of Chemical Carcinogenesis and Pharmacogenetics, Department of Basic and Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés López-Cortés
- Latin American Network for the Implementation and Validation of Clinical Pharmacogenomics Guidelines (RELIVAF-CYTED), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador.,Department of Computer Science and Information Technologies, Faculty of Computer Science, University of A Coruna, A Coruña, Spain
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20
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Mulder TAM, de With M, del Re M, Danesi R, Mathijssen RHJ, van Schaik RHN. Clinical CYP2D6 Genotyping to Personalize Adjuvant Tamoxifen Treatment in ER-Positive Breast Cancer Patients: Current Status of a Controversy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040771. [PMID: 33673305 PMCID: PMC7917604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tamoxifen is an important adjuvant endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer patients. It is mainly catalyzed by the enzyme CYP2D6 into the most active metabolite endoxifen. Genetic variation in the CYP2D6 gene influences endoxifen formation and thereby potentially therapy outcome. However, the association between CYP2D6 genotype and clinical outcome on tamoxifen is still under debate, as contradictory outcomes have been published. This review describes the latest insights in both CYP2D6 genotype and endoxifen concentrations, as well CYP2D6 genotype and clinical outcome, from 2018 to 2020. Abstract Tamoxifen is a major option for adjuvant endocrine treatment in estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer patients. The conversion of the prodrug tamoxifen into the most active metabolite endoxifen is mainly catalyzed by the enzyme cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). Genetic variation in the CYP2D6 gene leads to altered enzyme activity, which influences endoxifen formation and thereby potentially therapy outcome. The association between genetically compromised CYP2D6 activity and low endoxifen plasma concentrations is generally accepted, and it was shown that tamoxifen dose increments in compromised patients resulted in higher endoxifen concentrations. However, the correlation between CYP2D6 genotype and clinical outcome is still under debate. This has led to genotype-based tamoxifen dosing recommendations by the Clinical Pharmacogenetic Implementation Consortium (CPIC) in 2018, whereas in 2019, the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) discouraged the use of CYP2D6 genotyping in clinical practice for tamoxifen therapy. This paper describes the latest developments on CYP2D6 genotyping in relation to endoxifen plasma concentrations and tamoxifen-related clinical outcome. Therefore, we focused on Pharmacogenetic publications from 2018 (CPIC publication) to 2021 in order to shed a light on the current status of this debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa A. M. Mulder
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.A.M.M.); (M.d.W.); (M.d.R.); (R.D.)
| | - Mirjam de With
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.A.M.M.); (M.d.W.); (M.d.R.); (R.D.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Marzia del Re
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.A.M.M.); (M.d.W.); (M.d.R.); (R.D.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 55, Via Roma, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.A.M.M.); (M.d.W.); (M.d.R.); (R.D.)
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 55, Via Roma, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ron H. J. Mathijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Ron H. N. van Schaik
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC University Hospital, Wytemaweg 80, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (T.A.M.M.); (M.d.W.); (M.d.R.); (R.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-10-703-3119
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21
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Mitocans Revisited: Mitochondrial Targeting as Efficient Anti-Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217941. [PMID: 33114695 PMCID: PMC7663685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential cellular organelles, controlling multiple signalling pathways critical for cell survival and cell death. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial metabolism and functions are indispensable in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, rendering mitochondria and mitochondrial functions as plausible targets for anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, we summarised the major strategies of selective targeting of mitochondria and their functions to combat cancer, including targeting mitochondrial metabolism, the electron transport chain and tricarboxylic acid cycle, mitochondrial redox signalling pathways, and ROS homeostasis. We highlight that delivering anti-cancer drugs into mitochondria exhibits enormous potential for future cancer therapeutic strategies, with a great advantage of potentially overcoming drug resistance. Mitocans, exemplified by mitochondrially targeted vitamin E succinate and tamoxifen (MitoTam), selectively target cancer cell mitochondria and efficiently kill multiple types of cancer cells by disrupting mitochondrial function, with MitoTam currently undergoing a clinical trial.
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22
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Colomer R, Mondejar R, Romero-Laorden N, Alfranca A, Sanchez-Madrid F, Quintela-Fandino M. When should we order a next generation sequencing test in a patient with cancer? EClinicalMedicine 2020; 25:100487. [PMID: 32775973 PMCID: PMC7397394 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Technical advances in genome sequencing and the implementation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in clinical oncology have paved the way for individualizing cancer patient therapy based on molecular profiles. When and how to use NGS testing in the clinic is at present an unsolved issue, although new research results provide evidence favoring this approach in some types of advanced cancer. Clinical research is evolving rapidly, from basket and umbrella trials to adaptative design precision oncology clinical studies, and genomic and molecular data often displace the classical clinical validation procedures of biomarkers. In this context, physicians must be aware of the clinical evidence behind these new biomarkers and NGS tests available, in order to use them in the right moment, and with a critical point of view. This review will present the status of currently available targeted drugs that can be effective based on actionable molecular alterations, and the NGS tests that are currently available, offering a practical guide for the application of Clinical Precision Oncology in the real world routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Colomer
- Departament of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Endowed Chair of Personalised Precision Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Fundación Instituto Roche, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Mondejar
- Departament of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Endowed Chair of Personalised Precision Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Fundación Instituto Roche, Spain
| | - Nuria Romero-Laorden
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Sanchez-Madrid
- Departament of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain
- Endowed Chair of Personalised Precision Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Fundación Instituto Roche, Spain
- Immunology Division, Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Quintela-Fandino
- Departament of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Division, Hospital Universitario Quirón, Pozuelo de Alarcón – Madrid, Spain
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Raman Spectral Analysis for Quality Determination of Grignard Reagent. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Grignard reagent is one of the most popular materials in chemical and pharmaceutical reaction processes, and requires high quality with minimal adulteration. In this study, Raman spectroscopic technique was investigated for the rapid determination of toluene content, which is one of the common adulterants in Grignard reagent. Raman spectroscopy is the most suitable spectroscopic method to mitigate moisture and CO2 interference in the molecules of Grignard reagent. Raman spectra for the mixtures of toluene and Grignard reagent with different concentrations were analyzed with a partial least square regression (PLSR) method. The combination of spectral wavebands in the prediction model was optimized with a variables selection method of variable importance in projection (VIP). The results obtained from the VIP-based PLSR model showed the reliable performance of Raman spectroscopy for predicting the toluene concentration present in Grignard reagent with a correlation coefficient value of 0.97 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.71%. The results showed that Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis could be an effective analytical tool for rapid determination of the quality of Grignard reagent.
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24
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Shagufta, Ahmad I, Mathew S, Rahman S. Recent progress in selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) for the treatment of breast cancer. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:438-454. [PMID: 33479648 PMCID: PMC7580774 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00570f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor downregulators (SERDs) are a novel class of compounds capable of reducing the ERα protein level and blocking ER activity. Therefore, SERDs are considered as a significant therapeutic approach to treat ER+ breast cancer in both early stage and more advanced drug-resistant cases. After the FDA approval of a steroidal drug, fulvestrant, as a SERD for the treatment of breast cancer in patients who have progressed on antihormonal agents, several molecules with diverse chemical structures have been rapidly developed, studied and evaluated for selective estrogen receptor downregulation activity. Here we compile the promising SERDs reported in recent years and discuss the chemical structure and pharmacological profile of the most potent compound of the considered series. Because of the availability of only a limited number of effective drugs for the treatment of breast cancer, the quest for a potent SERD with respectable activity and bioavailability is still ongoing. The goal of this article is to make available to the reader an overview of the current progress in SERDs and provide clues for the future discovery and development of novel pharmacological potent SERDs for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagufta
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates . ;
| | - Irshad Ahmad
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates . ;
| | - Shimy Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates
| | - Sofia Rahman
- Department of Biotechnology , School of Arts and Sciences , American University of Ras Al Khaimah , P. O. Box 10021 , Ras Al Khaimah , United Arab Emirates
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25
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Annotation and cluster analysis of long noncoding RNA linked to male sex and estrogen in cancers. NPJ Precis Oncol 2020; 4:5. [PMID: 32195358 PMCID: PMC7054536 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-020-0110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sex difference in cancer occurrence is a consistent finding in cancer epidemiology. Several solid tumors, including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, hepatic carcinoma, and renal carcinoma, are generally more common in males. Although sexual dimorphism is attributed to hormonal or behavioral differences, evidence for the function of lncRNA is lacking in sex-specific cancers. We show here that LINC00263 is one of the most dysregulated lncRNAs in lung adenocarcinomas and is upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma, colorectal cancer, and renal carcinoma, especially in male patients compared to females. LINC00263 functions as an oncogene by promoting translocation of p65 into the nucleus to activate the NF-κB-signaling pathway through interaction with IKKα in the cytoplasm. The expression of LINC00263 is strongly correlated with ESR1, and it is decreased after treatment with estrogen. Ligand-activated ER could inhibit the function of LINC00263 by inhibiting NF-κB from cytoplasmic translocation into the nucleus. The inhibitory effect of estrogen on LINC00263 indicates its differential expression in male and female patients. Our findings indicate that LINC00263 is linked to male sex and estrogen as an oncogene, and these findings might help in the exploration of the mechanisms of differential gene regulation in sex-specific cancers.
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Bhardwaj P, Au CC, Benito-Martin A, Ladumor H, Oshchepkova S, Moges R, Brown KA. Estrogens and breast cancer: Mechanisms involved in obesity-related development, growth and progression. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 189:161-170. [PMID: 30851382 PMCID: PMC6502693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer after menopause. The pro-proliferative effects of estrogens are well characterized and there is a growing body of evidence to also suggest an important role in tumorigenesis. Importantly, obesity not only increases the risk of breast cancer, but it also increases the risk of recurrence and cancer-associated death. Aromatase is the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis and its expression in breast adipose stromal cells is hypothesized to drive the growth of breast tumors and confer resistance to endocrine therapy in obese postmenopausal women. The molecular regulation of aromatase has been characterized in response to many obesity-related molecules, including inflammatory mediators and adipokines. This review is aimed at providing an overview of our current knowledge in relation to the regulation of estrogens in adipose tissue and their role in driving breast tumor development, growth and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - CheukMan C Au
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | | | - Heta Ladumor
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ruth Moges
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Kristy A Brown
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, USA; Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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27
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Chinnasamy K, Saravanan M, Poomani K. Evaluation of binding and antagonism/downregulation of brilanestrant molecule in estrogen receptor-α via quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:219-235. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1574605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiarasi Chinnasamy
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manjula Saravanan
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kumaradhas Poomani
- Laboratory of Biocrystallography and Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Physics, Periyar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Okamoto Y, Shibutani S. Development of novel and safer anti-breast cancer agents, SS1020 and SS5020, based on a fundamental carcinogenic research. Genes Environ 2019; 41:9. [PMID: 30976361 PMCID: PMC6437986 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-019-0124-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) has been prescribed worldwide to patients with and women at high-risk of breast cancer. However, long-term use of TAM increases the incidence of endometrial cancer. The carcinogenic mechanisms of TAM have been extensively investigated. TAM is hydroxylated and sulfonated at α-carbon to form α-hydroxytamoxifen-O-sulfonate. This metabolite readily reacts with genomic DNA, particularly with 2′-deoxyguanosine, leading to DNA replication error. TAM also exerts estrogenic activity at endometrial tissue to induce endometrial hyperplasia. Therefore, our efforts focused on the development of novel and safer anti-estrogens to diminish carcinogenic potential of TAM based on chemical modifications. In this review, we describe a crucial idea of our drug design and introduce our compounds SS1020 and SS5020, possessing high effectiveness, and no genotoxic and estrogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Okamoto
- 1Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, 150 Yagotoyama, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya, 468-8503 Japan
| | - Shinya Shibutani
- 2Department of Pharmacological Sciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, 11794-8651 New York USA
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29
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Raihan J, Ahmad U, Yong YK, Eshak Z, Othman F, Ideris A. Regression of solid breast tumours in mice by Newcastle disease virus is associated with production of apoptosis related-cytokines. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:315. [PMID: 30947706 PMCID: PMC6449948 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) worldwide proved to have tumouricidal activity in several types of cancer cells. However, the possible anti-cancer activity of Malaysian NDV AF2240 strain and its mechanism of action remains unknown. The ability of cytokine-related apoptosis-inducing NDV AF2240 to treat breast cancer was investigated in the current study. METHODS A total of 90 mice were used and divided into 15 groups, each group comprising of 6 mice. Tumour, body weight and mortality of the mice were determined throughout the experiment, to observe the effect of NDV and NDV + tamoxifen treatments on the mice. In addition, the toxic effect of the treatments was determined through liver function test. In order to elucidate the involvement of cytokine production induced by NDV, a total of six cytokines, i.e. IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-10, IL12p70 and TNF-α were measured using cytometric bead array assay (plasma) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (isolated splenocytes). RESULTS The results demonstrated that 4 T1 breast cancer cells in allotransplanted mice treated with AF2240 showed a noticeable inhibition of tumour growth and induce apoptotic-related cytokines. CONCLUSIONS NDV AF2240 suppression of breast tumour growth is associated with induction of apoptotic-related cytokines. It would be important to further investigate the molecular mechanism underlaying cytokines production by Newcastle disease virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraimi Raihan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Ministry of Health Malaysia, 62590 Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Umar Ahmad
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Genetics and Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bauchi State University, Gadau, PMB 65, Itas/Gadau, Nigeria
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Zolkapli Eshak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 42300 Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Aini Ideris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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30
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Ariza Márquez YV, Briceño I, Aristizábal F, Niño LF, Yosa Reyes J. Dynamic Effects of CYP2D6 Genetic Variants in a Set of Poor Metaboliser Patients with Infiltrating Ductal Cancer Under Treatment with Tamoxifen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2521. [PMID: 30792473 PMCID: PMC6385267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a group of multigenic diseases. It is the most common cancer diagnosed among women worldwide and is often treated with tamoxifen. Tamoxifen is catalysed by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6), and inter-individual variations in the enzyme due to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) could alter enzyme activity. We evaluated SNPs in patients from Colombia in South America who were receiving tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer. Allelic diversity in the CYP2D6 gene was found in the studied population, with two patients displaying the poor-metaboliser phenotype. Molecular dynamics and trajectory analyses were performed for CYP2D6 from these two patients, comparing it with the common allelic form (CYP2D6*1). Although we found no significant structural change in the protein, its dynamics differ significantly from those of CYP2D6*1, the effect of such differential dynamics resulting in an inefficient enzyme with serious implications for tamoxifen-treated patients, increasing the risk of disease relapse and ineffective treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal/pathology
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6/genetics
- Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6/metabolism
- Female
- Genotype
- Humans
- Inactivation, Metabolic/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Pharmacogenomic Variants/genetics
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Tamoxifen/administration & dosage
- Tamoxifen/adverse effects
- Tamoxifen/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeimy Viviana Ariza Márquez
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Biotecnología IBUN, Departamento de Farmacia, Bogota, 111321, Colombia
| | - Ignacio Briceño
- Universidad de la Sabana, Facultad de Medicina, Bogota, 140013, Colombia
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Genética Humana IGH, Bogota, 110231, Colombia
| | - Fabio Aristizábal
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Instituto de Biotecnología IBUN, Departamento de Farmacia, Bogota, 111321, Colombia
| | - Luis Fernando Niño
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Industrial, Bogota, 111321, Colombia
| | - Juvenal Yosa Reyes
- Universidad Simón Bolivar, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Biomédicas, Laboratorio de Simulación Molecular y Bioinformática, Barranquilla, 080002, Colombia.
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Chan HT, Chin YM, Low SK. The Roles of Common Variation and Somatic Mutation in Cancer Pharmacogenomics. Oncol Ther 2019; 7:1-32. [PMID: 32700193 PMCID: PMC7359987 DOI: 10.1007/s40487-018-0090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer pharmacogenomics is the science concerned with understanding genetic alterations and its effects on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of anti-cancer drugs, with the aim to provide cancer patients with the precise medication that will achieve a good response and cause low/no incidence of adverse events. Advances in biotechnology and bioinformatics have enabled genomic research to evolve from the evaluation of alterations at the single-gene level to studies on the whole-genome scale using large-scale genotyping and next generation sequencing techniques. International collaborative efforts have resulted in the construction of databases to curate the identified genetic alterations that are clinically significant, and these are currently utilized in clinical sequencing and liquid biopsy screening/monitoring. Furthermore, countless clinical studies have accumulated sufficient evidence to match cancer patients to therapies by utilizing the information of clinical-relevant alterations. In this review we summarize the importance of germline alterations that act as predictive biomarkers for drug-induced toxicity and drug response as well as somatic mutations in cancer cells that function as drug targets. The integration of genomics into the medical field has transformed the era of cancer therapy from one-size-fits-all to cancer precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiu Ting Chan
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoon Ming Chin
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Siew-Kee Low
- Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan.
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32
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Huang C, Zhang Y, Zhong S. Alcohol Intake and Abnormal Expression of Brf1 in Breast Cancer. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:4818106. [PMID: 31781337 PMCID: PMC6874981 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4818106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease of females. Overall, one woman in every nine will get breast cancer at some time in her life. Epidemiological studies have indicated that alcohol consumption has most consistently been associated with breast cancer risk. However, the mechanism of alcohol-associated breast cancer remains to be addressed. Little is known about the effects of alcohol consumption on Brf1 (TFIIIB-related factor 1) expression and RNA Pol III gene (RNA polymerase III-dependent gene) transcription, which are responsible for protein synthesis and tightly linked to cell proliferation, cell transformation, and tumor development. Emerging evidences have indicated that alcohol induces deregulation of Brf1 and Pol III genes to cause the alterations of cell phenotypes and tumor formation. In this paper, we summarize the progresses regarding alcohol-caused increase in the expression of Brf1 and Pol III genes and analysis of its molecular mechanism of breast cancer. As the earlier and accurate diagnosis approach of breast cancer is not available yet, exploring the molecular mechanism and identifying the biomarker of alcohol-associated breast cancer are especially important. Recent studies have demonstrated that Brf1 is overexpressed in most ER+ (estrogen receptor positive) cases of breast cancer and the change in cellular levels of Brf1 reflects the therapeutic efficacy and prognosis of this disease. It suggests that Brf1 may be a potential diagnosis biomarker and a therapeutic target of alcohol-associated breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Yanmei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Shantou University Medical College, China
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Contralateral parenchymal enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI reproduces as a biomarker of survival in ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer patients. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:4705-4716. [PMID: 29736850 PMCID: PMC6182741 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5470-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether contralateral parenchymal enhancement reproduces as an independent biomarker for patient survival in an independent patient cohort from a different cancer institution. METHODS This is a HIPAA-compliant IRB approved retrospective study. Patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative operable invasive ductal carcinoma and preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI were consecutively included between 2005 and 2009. The parenchyma of the breast contralateral to known cancer was segmented automatically on MRI and contralateral parenchymal enhancement (CPE) was calculated. CPE was split into tertiles and tested for association with invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) and overall survival (OS). Propensity score analysis with inverse probability weighting (IPW) was used to adjust CPE for patient and tumour characteristics as well as systemic therapy. RESULTS Three hundred and two patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 48 years (interquartile range, 42-57). Median follow-up was 88 months (interquartile range, 76-102); 15/302 (5%) patients died and 37/302 (13%) had a recurrence or died. In context of multivariable analysis, IPW-adjusted CPE was associated with IDFS [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.05-0.68, p = 0.004] and OS (HR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.00-0.83, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Contralateral parenchymal enhancement on pre-treatment dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI as an independent biomarker of survival in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer has been upheld in this study. These findings are a promising next step towards a practical and inexpensive test for risk stratification of ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer. KEY POINTS • High parenchymal-enhancement in the disease-free contralateral breast reproduces as biomarker for survival. • This is in patients with ER-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer from an independent cancer centre. • This is independent of patient and pathology parameters and systemic therapy.
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Li N, Yang Y, Liang C, Qiu Q, Pan C, Li M, Yang S, Chen L, Zhu X, Hu Y. Tmem30a Plays Critical Roles in Ensuring the Survival of Hematopoietic Cells and Leukemia Cells in Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1457-1468. [PMID: 29574182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental structure of eukaryotic cell plasma membrane is the phospholipid bilayer, which contains four major phospholipids. These phospholipids are asymmetrically distributed between the outer and inner leaflets. P4-ATPase flippase complexes play essential roles in ensuring this asymmetry. We found that conditional deletion of Tmem30a, the β subunit of P4-ATPase flippase complex, caused pancytopenia in mice. Tmem30a deficiency resulted in depletion of lineage-committed blood cells in the peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow. Ablation of Tmem30a also caused the depletion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). HSC RNA sequencing results revealed that multiple biological processes and signal pathways were involved in the event, including mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, genes for HSC stemness, and genes responding to interferons. Our results also revealed that targeting Tmem30a signaling had therapeutic utility in BCR/ABL1-induced chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yeming Yang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cailing Liang
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Cong Pan
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yiguo Hu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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35
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Foroughi S, Ziamajidi N, Javid S, Abbasalipourkabir R, Aflatoonian R, Ashrafi M, Nourian A. Study of telomerase reverse transcriptase and uterine-ovarian-specific genes expression in the endometrial tissue of ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:1302-1307. [PMID: 29471091 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An in vivo study was carried out to study of telomerase reverse transcriptase and Uterine-Ovarian-specific genes expression in the endometrial tissue of ovariectomized female Sprague-Dawley rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 4 groups of six rats. The first and second groups were ovariectomized and given tamoxifen and tamoxifen-loaded SLN respectively for six days continuously. Group 3 served as the untreated ovariectomized control group and group 4 was made up of untreated normal healthy rats. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and study of the genes expression and serum zinc and copper were carried out. RESULTS The results showed that the expression of TERT in the group treated with tamoxifen, and tamoxifen-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles, significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared with ovariectomized control group. The results also revealed that the treatment with tamoxifen-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles increased expression of UO-44 gene compared to ovariectomized control group, while there was no difference between tamoxifen treated and control group. CONCLUSIONS Encapsulation of tamoxifen in solid lipid nanoparticles increased its targeting efficiency and improved the impact of the drug on the serum levels of some trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Saman Javid
- Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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36
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Suvannang N, Preeyanon L, Malik AA, Schaduangrat N, Shoombuatong W, Worachartcheewan A, Tantimongcolwat T, Nantasenamat C. Probing the origin of estrogen receptor alpha inhibition via large-scale QSAR study. RSC Adv 2018; 8:11344-11356. [PMID: 35542807 PMCID: PMC9079045 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10979b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is an important component for the sustenance of normal physiological functions of the mammary glands, particularly for growth and differentiation. Approximately, two-thirds of breast cancers are positive for estrogen receptor (ERs), which is a predisposing factor for the growth of breast cancer cells. As such, ERα represents a lucrative therapeutic target for breast cancer that has attracted wide interest in the search for inhibitory agents. However, the conventional laboratory processes are cost- and time-consuming. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop alternative methods such as quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) models for predicting ER-mediated endocrine agitation as to simplify their prioritization for future screening. In this study, we compiled and curated a large, non-redundant data set of 1231 compounds with ERα inhibitory activity (pIC50). Using comprehensive validation tests, it was clearly observed that the model utilizing the substructure count as descriptors, performed well considering two objectives: using less descriptors for model development and achieving high predictive performance (RTr2 = 0.94, QCV2 = 0.73, and QExt2 = 0.73). It is anticipated that our proposed QSAR model may become a useful high-throughput tool for identifying novel inhibitors against ERα. This study compiles a large, non-redundant set of compounds tested for ERα inhibitory activity and applies QSAR modeling for unveiling the privileged substructures governing the activity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Naravut Suvannang
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - Likit Preeyanon
- Department of Community Medical Technology
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - Aijaz Ahmad Malik
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - Nalini Schaduangrat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - Watshara Shoombuatong
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - Apilak Worachartcheewan
- Department of Community Medical Technology
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - Tanawut Tantimongcolwat
- Center for Research and Innovation
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
| | - Chanin Nantasenamat
- Center of Data Mining and Biomedical Informatics
- Faculty of Medical Technology
- Mahidol University
- Bangkok 10700
- Thailand
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37
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Fang Z, Yi Y, Shi G, Li S, Chen S, Lin Y, Li Z, He Z, Li W, Zhong S. Role of Brf1 interaction with ERα, and significance of its overexpression, in human breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:1752-1767. [PMID: 28972307 PMCID: PMC5709663 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
TFIIB-related factor 1 (Brf1) modulates the transcription of RNA Pol III genes (polymerase-dependent genes). Upregulation of Pol III genes enhances tRNA and 5S RNA production and increases the translational capacity of cells to promote cell transformation and tumor development. However, the significance of Brf1 overexpression in human breast cancer (HBC) remains to be investigated. Here, we investigate whether Brf1 expression is increased in the samples of HBC, and we explore its molecular mechanism and the significance of Brf1 expression in HBC. Two hundred and eighteen samples of HBC were collected to determine Brf1 expression by cytological and molecular biological approaches. We utilized colocalization, coimmunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation methods to explore the interaction of Brf1 with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). We determined how Brf1 and ERα modulate Pol III genes. The results indicated that Brf1 is overexpressed in most cases of HBC, which is associated with an ER-positive status. The survival period of the cases with high Brf1 expression is significantly longer than those with low levels of Brf1 after hormone treatment. ERα mediates Brf1 expression. Brf1 and ERα are colocalized in the nucleus. These results indicate an interaction between Brf1 and ERα, which synergistically regulates the transcription of Pol III genes. Inhibition of ERα by its siRNA or tamoxifen reduces cellular levels of Brf1 and Pol III gene expression and decreases the rate of colony formation of breast cancer cells. Together, these studies demonstrate that Brf1 is a good biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of HBC. This interaction of Brf1 with ERα and Brf1 itself are potential therapeutic targets for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Fang
- Laboratory of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yunfeng Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryXiamen University Affiliated Southeast HospitalZhangzhouChina
| | - Ganggang Shi
- Department of PharmacologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
| | - Songqi Li
- Laboratory of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Songlin Chen
- Department of Cardiothoracic SurgeryXiamen University Affiliated Southeast HospitalZhangzhouChina
| | - Ying Lin
- Laboratory of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhi Li
- Laboratory of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zhimin He
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen Li
- Laboratory of General SurgeryFirst Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of PharmacologyShantou University Medical CollegeChina
- Cancer Center of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngeleCAUSA
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38
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Dhandhukia JP, Shi P, Peddi S, Li Z, Aluri S, Ju Y, Brill D, Wang W, Janib SM, Lin YA, Liu S, Cui H, MacKay JA. Bifunctional Elastin-like Polypeptide Nanoparticles Bind Rapamycin and Integrins and Suppress Tumor Growth in Vivo. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:2715-2728. [PMID: 28937754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant protein-polymer scaffolds such as elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) offer drug-delivery opportunities including biocompatibility, monodispersity, and multifunctionality. We recently reported that the fusion of FK-506 binding protein 12 (FKBP) to an ELP nanoparticle (FSI) increases rapamycin (Rapa) solubility, suppresses tumor growth in breast cancer xenografts, and reduces side effects observed with free-drug controls. This new report significantly advances this carrier strategy by demonstrating the coassembly of two different ELP diblock copolymers containing drug-loading and tumor-targeting domains. A new ELP nanoparticle (ISR) was synthesized that includes the canonical integrin-targeting ligand (Arg-Gly-Asp, RGD). FSI and ISR mixed in a 1:1 molar ratio coassemble into bifunctional nanoparticles containing both the FKBP domain for Rapa loading and the RGD ligand for integrin binding. Coassembled nanoparticles were evaluated for bifunctionality by performing in vitro cell-binding and drug-retention assays and in vivo MDA-MB-468 breast tumor regression and tumor-accumulation studies. The bifunctional nanoparticle demonstrated superior cell target binding and similar drug retention to FSI; however, it enhanced the formulation potency, such that tumor growth was suppressed at a 3-fold lower dose compared to an untargeted FSI-Rapa control. This data suggests that ELP-mediated scaffolds are useful tools for generating multifunctional nanomedicines with potential activity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jugal P Dhandhukia
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Pu Shi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Santosh Peddi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Suhaas Aluri
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yaping Ju
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Dab Brill
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Wan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Siti M Janib
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yi-An Lin
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | | | - Honggang Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - J Andrew MacKay
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering , Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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39
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Chen S, Wang H, Huang YF, Li ML, Cheng JH, Hu P, Lu CH, Zhang Y, Liu N, Tzeng CM, Zhang ZM. WW domain-binding protein 2: an adaptor protein closely linked to the development of breast cancer. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:128. [PMID: 28724435 PMCID: PMC5518133 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The WW domain is composed of 38 to 40 semi-conserved amino acids shared with structural, regulatory, and signaling proteins. WW domain-binding protein 2 (WBP2), as a binding partner of WW domain protein, interacts with several WW-domain-containing proteins, such as Yes kinase-associated protein (Yap), paired box gene 8 (Pax8), WW-domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 (TAZ), and WW-domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) through its PPxY motifs within C-terminal region, and further triggers the downstream signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Studies have confirmed that phosphorylated form of WBP2 can move into nuclei and activate the transcription of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), whose expression were the indicators of breast cancer development, indicating that WBP2 may participate in the progression of breast cancer. Both overexpression of WBP2 and activation of tyrosine phosphorylation upregulate the signal cascades in the cross-regulation of the Wnt and ER signaling pathways in breast cancer. Following the binding of WBP2 to the WW domain region of TAZ which can accelerate migration, invasion and is required for the transformed phenotypes of breast cancer cells, the transformation of epithelial to mesenchymal of MCF10A is activated, suggesting that WBP2 is a key player in regulating cell migration. When WBP2 binds with WWOX, a tumor suppressor, ER transactivation and tumor growth can be suppressed. Thus, WBP2 may serve as a molecular on/off switch that controls the crosstalk between E2, WWOX, Wnt, TAZ, and other oncogenic signaling pathways. This review interprets the relationship between WBP2 and breast cancer, and provides comprehensive views about the function of WBP2 in the regulation of the pathogenesis of breast cancer and endocrine therapy in breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Fan Huang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Li Li
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang-Hong Cheng
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Hu
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,INNOVA Cell Theranostics/Clinics and TRANSLA Health Group, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan-Hui Lu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Meng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center (TMRC), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Therapeutics and Clinical Translation (CTCTCT), Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,INNOVA Cell Theranostics/Clinics and TRANSLA Health Group, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Ming Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, People's Republic of China. .,Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350004, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Kaushik S, Shyam H, Sharma R, Balapure AK. Genistein synergizes centchroman action in human breast cancer cells. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 48:637-642. [PMID: 28066099 PMCID: PMC5155462 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.194852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, it remains a major health problem in women. Natural flavones along with chemotherapeutic agents enhance therapeutic response and minimize toxicity of chemical agents. Centchroman (CC) colloquially called as ormeloxifene, is a nonsteroidal oral contraceptive categorized as selective estrogen receptor modulator with anti-breast cancer activity. Genistein (GN), an isoflavone found mainly in soy products possesses anti-cancerous potential against a number of cancers including breast. The present study aims at investigating the combination of CC and GN in human breast cancer cell lines (HBCCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Cytotoxic effect of CC and GN separately and in combination were assessed by sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in MDA MB-231, MDA MB-468, MCF-7, T-47D HBCCs, and nontumorigenic human mammary epithelial cell (HMEC) MCF-10A. The drug interaction was analyzed using CompuSyn software through which combination index and dose reduction index were generated. RESULTS Combination of CC plus GN exerts significantly higher cytotoxicity compared to each drug per se in HBCCs, whereas HMEC-MCF-10A remains unaffected. CONCLUSION On an overall basis, the drugs in combination enhanced cell killing in malignant cells. Therefore, the combination of CC with GN may offer a novel approach for the breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kaushik
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hari Shyam
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil K Balapure
- Division of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Taramani, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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41
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Shi G, Zhong S. Alcohol-associated cancer and deregulation of Pol III genes. Gene 2017; 612:25-28. [PMID: 27697617 PMCID: PMC5374039 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that alcohol intake is associated with human cancers in different organs. However, the molecular mechanism of alcohol-associated human cancers remains to be elucidated. Here, this paper aimed to clarify a novel mechanism of alcohol-promoted cell transformation and tumor development. Alcohol induces JNK1 activation and increases cellular levels of c-Jun to upregulate Brf1 expression and Pol III gene transcription, leading to an enhancement of rates of cell transformation and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganggang Shi
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shuping Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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42
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Xiong R, Zhao J, Gutgesell LM, Wang Y, Lee S, Karumudi B, Zhao H, Lu Y, Tonetti DA, Thatcher GRJ. Novel Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs) Developed against Treatment-Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1325-1342. [PMID: 28117994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen and to aromatase inhibitors that lower circulating estradiol occurs in up to 50% of patients, generally leading to an endocrine-independent ER+ phenotype. Selective ER downregulators (SERDs) are able to ablate ER and thus, theoretically, to prevent survival of both endocrine-dependent and -independent ER+ tumors. The clinical SERD fulvestrant is hampered by intramuscular administration and undesirable pharmacokinetics. Novel SERDs were designed using the 6-OH-benzothiophene (BT) scaffold common to arzoxifene and raloxifene. Treatment-resistant (TR) ER+ cell lines (MCF-7:5C and MCF-7:TAM1) were used for optimization, followed by validation in the parent endocrine-dependent cell line (MCF-7:WS8), in 2D and 3D cultures, using ERα in-cell westerns, ERE-luciferase, and cell viability assays, with 2 (GDC-0810/ARN-810) used for comparison. Two BT SERDs with superior in vitro activity to 2 were studied for bioavailability and shown to cause regression of a TR, endocrine-independent ER+ xenograft superior to that with 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lauren M Gutgesell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yueting Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Sue Lee
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Bhargava Karumudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Debra A Tonetti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, ‡Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago , 833 S. Wood St., Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
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43
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Hati S, Tripathy S, Dutta PK, Agarwal R, Srinivasan R, Singh A, Singh S, Sen S. Spiro[pyrrolidine-3, 3´-oxindole] as potent anti-breast cancer compounds: Their design, synthesis, biological evaluation and cellular target identification. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32213. [PMID: 27573798 PMCID: PMC5004205 DOI: 10.1038/srep32213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The spiro[pyrrolidine-3, 3´-oxindole] moiety is present as a core in number of alkaloids with substantial biological activities. Here in we report design and synthesis of a library of compounds bearing spiro[pyrrolidine-3, 3´-oxindole] motifs that demonstrated exceptional inhibitory activity against the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The synthesis involved a one pot Pictet Spengler-Oxidative ring contraction of tryptamine to the desired scaffolds and occurred in 1:1 THF and water with catalytic trifluoroacetic acid and stoichiometric N-bromosuccinimide as an oxidant. Phenotypic profiling indicated that these molecules induce apoptotic cell death in MCF-7 cells. Target deconvolution with most potent compound 5l from the library, using chemical proteomics indicated histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and prohibitin 2 as the potential cellular binding partners. Molecular docking of 5l with HDAC2 provided insights pertinent to putative binding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Hati
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sayantan Tripathy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pratip Kumar Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramprasad Srinivasan
- Shantani Proteome Analytics Pvt. Ltd. 100 NCL Innovation Park, Dr. HomiBhabha Road, Pune - 411 008, India
| | - Ashutosh Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailja Singh
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Subhabrata Sen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, Chithera, Gautam Buddha Nagar, 201314, Uttar Pradesh, India
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44
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Multi-target therapeutics for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:1886-1914. [PMID: 27506871 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Historically, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disease treatments focused on the 'magic bullet' concept; however multi-targeted strategies are increasingly attractive gauging from the escalating research in this area. Because these diseases are typically co-morbid, multi-targeted drugs capable of interacting with multiple targets will expand treatment to the co-morbid disease condition. Despite their theoretical efficacy, there are significant impediments to clinical success (e.g., difficulty titrating individual aspects of the drug and inconclusive pathophysiological mechanisms). The new and revised diagnostic frameworks along with studies detailing the endophenotypic characteristics of the diseases promise to provide the foundation for the circumvention of these impediments. This review serves to evaluate the various marketed and nonmarketed multi-targeted drugs with particular emphasis on their design strategy.
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45
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Murty MSR, Katiki MR, Nanubolu JB, Garimella S, Polepalli S, Jain N, Buddana SK, Prakasham RS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel tamoxifen-1,2,4-triazole conjugates. Mol Divers 2016; 20:687-703. [PMID: 27278444 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-016-9677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A new class of compounds, structurally related to the breast cancer drug tamoxifen, was designed and synthesized. The McMurry coupling reaction was used as the key synthetic step in the preparation of these analogs, and the structural assignments were made on the basis of [Formula: see text] NMR, [Formula: see text] NMR, and HRMS studies. The absolute stereochemistry of E and Z isomers was unambiguously confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Water was found to be an inexpensive nontoxic and effective medium for the C-N bond formation. Utilizing this protocol, various tamoxifen derivatives were synthesized in good yields. Environmental acceptability, low cost, and high yields are the important features of this protocol. These compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activity on five human tumor cell lines. Compound 4p ([Formula: see text]) showed improved antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) compared to tamoxifen ([Formula: see text]), while the compound 4o ([Formula: see text]) exhibited similar activity against SiHa compared to the reference drug, tamoxifen ([Formula: see text]). In addition, these analogs were investigated for their antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains. Preliminary results indicate that some of the newly synthesized title compounds exhibited promising antibacterial activity compared with the standard drug, vancomycin. A new class of compounds were designed rationally by the replacement of a ethyl group in tamoxifen with a methylene (1H-1,2,4-triazole) group. The absolute stereochemistry of E and Z isomers were unambiguously confirmed by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The title compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative and antibacterial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S R Murty
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, Discovery Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Mohana Rao Katiki
- Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacology Division, Discovery Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jagadeesh Babu Nanubolu
- Centre for X-Ray Crystallography, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srujana Garimella
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sowjanya Polepalli
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Buddana
- Bioengineering & Environmental Sciences, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - R S Prakasham
- Bioengineering & Environmental Sciences, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
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46
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Islam MS, Karim MR, Boadi W, Falekun S, Mirza AH. Biological Evaluation of New Schiff Bases: Synthesized from 4-Amino-3,5-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazole, Phenathroline and Bipyridine Dicarboxaldehydes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/abc.2016.66016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Xiong R, Patel HK, Gutgesell LM, Zhao J, Delgado-Rivera L, Pham TND, Zhao H, Carlson K, Martin T, Katzenellenbogen JA, Moore TW, Tonetti DA, Thatcher GRJ. Selective Human Estrogen Receptor Partial Agonists (ShERPAs) for Tamoxifen-Resistant Breast Cancer. J Med Chem 2015; 59:219-237. [PMID: 26681208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Almost 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive. Tamoxifen, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), represents the standard of care for many patients; however, 30-50% develop resistance, underlining the need for alternative therapeutics. Paradoxically, agonists at ERα such as estradiol (E2) have demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with heavily treated breast cancer, although side effects in gynecological tissues are unacceptable. A drug that selectively mimics the actions of E2 in breast cancer therapy but minimizes estrogenic effects in other tissues is a novel, therapeutic alternative. We hypothesized that a selective human estrogen receptor partial agonist (ShERPA) at ERα would provide such an agent. Novel benzothiophene derivatives with nanomolar potency in breast cancer cell cultures were designed. Several showed partial agonist activity, with potency of 0.8-76 nM, mimicking E2 in inhibiting growth of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cell lines. Three ShERPAs were tested and validated in xenograft models of endocrine-independent and tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer, and in contrast to E2, ShERPAs did not cause significant uterine growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xiong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Hitisha K Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Lauren M Gutgesell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Loruhama Delgado-Rivera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Thao N D Pham
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Huiping Zhao
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Kathryn Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Teresa Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - John A Katzenellenbogen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Terry W Moore
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Debra A Tonetti
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Gregory R J Thatcher
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 S Wood St, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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48
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Ananda Sadagopan SK, Mohebali N, Looi CY, Hasanpourghadi M, Pandurangan AK, Arya A, Karimian H, Mustafa MR. Forkhead Box Transcription Factor (FOXO3a) mediates the cytotoxic effect of vernodalin in vitro and inhibits the breast tumor growth in vivo. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015; 34:147. [PMID: 26643256 PMCID: PMC4672543 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Natural compounds have been demonstrated to lower breast cancer risk and sensitize tumor cells to anticancer therapies. Recently, we demonstrated that vernodalin (the active constituent of the medicinal herb Centratherum anthelminticum seeds) induces apoptosis in breast cancer cell-lines. The aim of this work was to gain an insight into the underlying anticancer mechanism of vernodalin using in vitro and in vivo model. Methods Vernodalin was isolated through the bioassay guided fractionation from the seeds. The protein expression of p-Akt, PI3K, FOXO3a, Bim, p27kip1, cyclinD1, and cyclinE was examined by the Western blot analysis. Immunoprecipitation assays were performed to analyse Akt kinase activity. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to study the role of FOXO3a upregulation and their targets during vernodalin treatment. Immunofluorescence, subcellular localisation of FOXO3a by Western blot was performed to analyse FOXO3a localisation in nucleus of breast cancer cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of PCNA, Ki67, p27kip1, FOXO3a and p-FOXO3a in the LA7-induced mammary gland tumor model was performed. Results Our results showed that vernodalin regulates cancer cell apoptosis through activation of FOXO transcription factors and its downstream targets (Bim, p27Kip1, p21Waf1/cip1, cyclin D1, cyclin E) as examined by Western blots. Furthermore, we showed that FOXO3a/PI3K-Akt played a significant role in vernodalin induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Immunoprecipitation assays showed Akt kinase activity was downregulated. Immunofluorescence, subcellular fractionation and Western blot showed FOXO3a accumulation in the nucleus of breast cancer cells after vernodalin treatment. Silencing of FOXO3a protected breast cancer cells against vernodalin induced apoptosis. The anti-tumor action of vernodalin was further confirmed by examining cell proliferative markers, PCNA and Ki67 in the LA7-induced mammary gland tumor model. We also corroborated our findings in vivo by showing upregulation of p27Kip1, FOXO3a and decrease in the p-FOXO3a level in vernodalin-treated breast tumor tissue. Conclusions Our results suggest that PI3K-Akt/FOXOa pathway is a critical mediator of vernodalin-induced cytotoxicity and this compound could be further developed as a potential chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13046-015-0266-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Kumar Ananda Sadagopan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Central Leather Research Institute, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Adyar, Chennai, 600 020, India.
| | - Nooshin Mohebali
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohadeseh Hasanpourghadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Hamed Karimian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
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49
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Polypharmacology Shakes Hands with Complex Aetiopathology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2015; 36:802-821. [PMID: 26434643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are due to deviations of fundamental physiological systems, with different pathologies being characterised by similar malfunctioning biological networks. The ensuing compensatory mechanisms may weaken the body's dynamic ability to respond to further insults and reduce the efficacy of conventional single target treatments. The multitarget, systemic, and prohomeostatic actions emerging for plant cannabinoids exemplify what might be needed for future medicines. Indeed, two combined cannabis extracts were approved as a single medicine (Sativex(®)), while pure cannabidiol, a multitarget cannabinoid, is emerging as a treatment for paediatric drug-resistant epilepsy. Using emerging cannabinoid medicines as an example, we revisit the concept of polypharmacology and describe a new empirical model, the 'therapeutic handshake', to predict efficacy/safety of compound combinations of either natural or synthetic origin.
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50
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Durrant JD, Carlson KE, Martin TA, Offutt TL, Mayne CG, Katzenellenbogen JA, Amaro RE. Neural-Network Scoring Functions Identify Structurally Novel Estrogen-Receptor Ligands. J Chem Inf Model 2015; 55:1953-61. [PMID: 26286148 PMCID: PMC4780411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.5b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The magnitude of the investment required to bring a drug to the market hinders medical progress, requiring hundreds of millions of dollars and years of research and development. Any innovation that improves the efficiency of the drug-discovery process has the potential to accelerate the delivery of new treatments to countless patients in need. "Virtual screening," wherein molecules are first tested in silico in order to prioritize compounds for subsequent experimental testing, is one such innovation. Although the traditional scoring functions used in virtual screens have proven useful, improved accuracy requires novel approaches. In the current work, we use the estrogen receptor to demonstrate that neural networks are adept at identifying structurally novel small molecules that bind to a selected drug target, ultimately allowing experimentalists to test fewer compounds in the earliest stages of lead identification while obtaining higher hit rates. We describe 39 novel estrogen-receptor ligands identified in silico with experimentally determined Ki values ranging from 460 nM to 20 μM, presented here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D. Durrant
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Kathryn E. Carlson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801
| | - Teresa A. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801
| | - Tavina L. Offutt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
| | - Christopher G. Mayne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801
| | | | - Rommie E. Amaro
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the National Biomedical Computation Resource, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093
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