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Othman F, Doost A, Marangou J, Whelan A, Rankin J, Ihdayhid A. Local Experience Using Intravascular Lithotripsy Treatment for Severe Calcific Coronary Disease in Acute Coronary Syndrome. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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2
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FU M, Othman F. SAT-042 A LITTLE BITE WITH A NEAR-LETHAL OUTCOME. Kidney Int Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2020.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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3
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Femia G, Lanlois N, Raleigh J, Gray B, Othman F, Perumal S, Semsarian C, Puranik R. 304 Comparing Conventional Autopsy to Post-Mortem MR and CT in Determining the Cause of Sudden and/or Unexpected Death. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Othman F, Collins N, Bailey B, Lau E, Tanous D, Rao K, Celermajer D, Cordina R. 676 Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome: Key Pathogenetic Role of Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) and Dramatic Response to PFO Closure. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Raihan J, Ahmad U, Yong YK, Eshak Z, Othman F, Ideris A. Correction to: Regression of solid breast tumours in mice by Newcastle disease virus is associated with production of apoptosis related-cytokines. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:378. [PMID: 31018845 PMCID: PMC6480512 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juraimi Raihan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Ministry of Health Malaysia, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Umar Ahmad
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics and Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bauchi State University, Itas/Gadau, PMB 65, Nigeria
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zolkapli Eshak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aini Ideris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Raihan J, Ahmad U, Yong YK, Eshak Z, Othman F, Ideris A. Regression of solid breast tumours in mice by Newcastle disease virus is associated with production of apoptosis related-cytokines. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:315. [PMID: 30947706 PMCID: PMC6449948 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Different strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) worldwide proved to have tumouricidal activity in several types of cancer cells. However, the possible anti-cancer activity of Malaysian NDV AF2240 strain and its mechanism of action remains unknown. The ability of cytokine-related apoptosis-inducing NDV AF2240 to treat breast cancer was investigated in the current study. Methods A total of 90 mice were used and divided into 15 groups, each group comprising of 6 mice. Tumour, body weight and mortality of the mice were determined throughout the experiment, to observe the effect of NDV and NDV + tamoxifen treatments on the mice. In addition, the toxic effect of the treatments was determined through liver function test. In order to elucidate the involvement of cytokine production induced by NDV, a total of six cytokines, i.e. IL-6, IFN-γ, MCP-1, IL-10, IL12p70 and TNF-α were measured using cytometric bead array assay (plasma) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (isolated splenocytes). Results The results demonstrated that 4 T1 breast cancer cells in allotransplanted mice treated with AF2240 showed a noticeable inhibition of tumour growth and induce apoptotic-related cytokines. Conclusions NDV AF2240 suppression of breast tumour growth is associated with induction of apoptotic-related cytokines. It would be important to further investigate the molecular mechanism underlaying cytokines production by Newcastle disease virus. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-5516-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraimi Raihan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Ministry of Health Malaysia, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - Umar Ahmad
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.,Genetics and Cytogenetics Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Bauchi State University, Gadau, PMB 65, Itas/Gadau, Nigeria
| | - Yoke Keong Yong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zolkapli Eshak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Aini Ideris
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Fish-Low CY, Abubakar S, Othman F, Chee HY. Ultrastructural aspects of sylvatic dengue virus infection in Vero cell. Malays J Pathol 2019; 41:41-46. [PMID: 31025636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dengue virus (DENV), the causative agent of dengue disease exists in sylvatic and endemic ecotypes. The cell morphological changes and viral morphogenesis of two dengue ecotypes were examined at the ultrastructural level to identify potential similarities and differences in the surrogate model of enzootic host. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vero cells were inoculated with virus at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1. Cell cultures were harvested over a time course and processed for transmission electron microscopic imaging. RESULTS The filopodia protrusions on cell periphery preceded virus entry. Additionally, sylvatic DENV infection was found spreading slower than the endemic DENV. Morphogenesis of both dengue ecotypes was alike but at different level of efficiency in the permissive cells. CONCLUSIONS This is the first ultrastructural study on sylvatic DENV and this comparative study revealed the similarities and differences of cellular responses and morphogenesis of two dengue ecotypes in vitro. The study revealed the weaker infectivity of sylvatic DENV in the surrogate model of enzootic host, which supposed to support better replication of enzootic DENV than endemic DENV.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Fish-Low
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Selangor, Malaysia.
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8
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Mohd Nor NH, Othman F, Mohd Tohit ER, Md Noor S, Razali R, Ahmad Hassali H, Hassan H. In Vitro Antiatherothrombotic Effects of Extracts from Berberis Vulgaris L., Teucrium Polium L., and Orthosiphon Stamineus Benth. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2019; 2019:3245836. [PMID: 31001352 PMCID: PMC6437728 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3245836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The pathogenesis is mainly due to atherosclerosis, plaque rupture, and platelet thrombus formation. The main risk factors for coronary artery disease include obesity, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes, and high blood pressure. As a part of disease management, treatment options using anticoagulant and antiplatelet drugs can be applied with addition to lipid-lowering medication. However, medicinal plants comprising antiatherothrombotic effects can be used as options to combat the disease rather than drug therapies with lesser adverse effects. Therefore, the haematological effect of Berberis vulgaris L., Teucrium polium L., and Orthosiphon stamineus Benth extracts was studied using in vitro model to prevent and to treat coronary atherothrombotic disease. The aqueous, methanol, and polysaccharide extracts of B. vulgaris, T. polium, and O. stamineus, respectively, were studied for their anticoagulant and antiplatelet effect on human whole blood. Extracts were subjected to the prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) test for anticoagulant activity. The antiplatelet activity was investigated using an electrical impedance method. B. vulgaris aqueous extract (BVAE), B. vulgaris polysaccharide extract (BVPE), T. polium aqueous extract (TPAE), and T. polium polysaccharide extract (TPPE) significantly prolonged the coagulation time in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05). The administration of BVAE demonstrated the most effective antiplatelet activity against platelet aggregation caused by arachidonic acid (AA) and collagen. These antiplatelet activities may correspond to the presence of higher total phenolic compound, which thus inhibit the platelet aggregation activity. In conclusion, these findings provide strong evidence on the antiatherothrombotic effect of BVAE and TPAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Huda Mohd Nor
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Eusni Rahayu Mohd Tohit
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sabariah Md Noor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosniza Razali
- Technology Pharmaceutical Group, Medical Technology Department, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hazlina Ahmad Hassali
- Technology Pharmaceutical Group, Medical Technology Department, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hadijah Hassan
- Food and Science Technology Research Centre, MARDI, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hussan F, Adib Ridzuan NR, Teoh SL, Abdul Rashid N, Othman F, Baharum SN. Polygonum minus ethanolic extracts attenuate cisplatin–induced oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex of rats via its antioxidant properties. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-1691.258999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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10
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Lulu GA, Karunanidhi A, Mohamad Yusof L, Abba Y, Mohd Fauzi F, Othman F. In vivo efficacy of tobramycin-loaded synthetic calcium phosphate beads in a rabbit model of staphylococcal osteomyelitis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2018; 17:46. [PMID: 30593272 PMCID: PMC6309062 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory process of the bone following infection with pyogenic organisms like Staphylococcus aureus. Tobramycin (TOB) is a promising aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including S. aureus. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of tobramycin-loaded calcium phosphate beads (CPB) in a rabbit osteomyelitis model. Methods Tobramycin (30 mg/mL) was incorporated into CPB by dipping method and the efficacy of TOB-loaded CPB was studied in a rabbit osteomyelitis model. For juxtaposition, CPB with and without TOB were prepared. Twenty-five New Zealand white rabbits were grouped (n = 5) as sham (group 1), TOB-loaded CPB without S. aureus (group 2), S. aureus only (group 3), S. aureus + CPB (group 4), and S. aureus + TOB-loaded CPB (group 5). Groups infected with S. aureus followed by CPB implantation were immediately subjected to surgery at the mid-shaft of the tibia. After 28 days post-surgery, all rabbits were euthanized and the presence or absence of chronic osteomyelitis and the extent of architectural destruction of the bone were assessed by radiology, bacteriology and histological studies. Results Tobramycin-loaded CPB group potentially inhibited the growth of S. aureus causing 3.2 to 3.4 log10 reductions in CFU/g of bone tissue compared to the controls. Untreated groups infected with S. aureus showed signs of chronic osteomyelitis with abundant bacterial growth and alterations in bone architecture. The sham group and TOB-loaded CPB group showed no evidence of bacterial growth. Conclusions TOB-incorporated into CPB for local bone administration was proven to be more successful in increasing the efficacy of TOB in this rabbit osteomyelitis model and hence could represent a good alternative to other formulations used in the treatment of osteomyelitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12941-018-0296-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godday Anebow Lulu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Arunkumar Karunanidhi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Loqman Mohamad Yusof
- Department of Companion Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Yusuf Abba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fazlin Mohd Fauzi
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Research Laboratory of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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11
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Fish-Low CY, Abu Bakar S, Othman F, Chee HY. Ultrastructural changes of cell morphology and viral morphogenesis of two ecotypes of dengue virus infection in human monocytic U-937 cell. Trop Biomed 2018; 35:1154-1159. [PMID: 33601863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is maintained and circulated in both sylvatic/enzootic and endemic/human cycles and spill over infection of sylvatic DENV into human populations has been reported. Extensive deforestation and increase human activities in forest may increase the risk of human exposure to sylvatic dengue infection and this may become a threat to human. Present study investigated the changes in cell morphology and viral morphogenesis upon infection with sylvatic and endemic ecotypes in human monocytic U-937 cells using transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy, a process that is either pro-viral or anti-viral, was observed in U-937 cells of both infections, however only the replication of endemic DENV was evidenced. An insight into the infection responses of sylvatic progenitors of DENV in susceptible host cells may provide better understanding on dengue emergence in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Fish-Low
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Abu Bakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - F Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H Y Chee
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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12
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Bala U, Leong MPY, Lim CL, Shahar HK, Othman F, Lai MI, Law ZK, Ramli K, Htwe O, Ling KH, Cheah PS. Defects in nerve conduction velocity and different muscle fibre-type specificity contribute to muscle weakness in Ts1Cje Down syndrome mouse model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197711. [PMID: 29795634 PMCID: PMC5967806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by presence of extra copy of human chromosome 21. It is characterised by several clinical phenotypes. Motor dysfunction due to hypotonia is commonly seen in individuals with DS and its etiology is yet unknown. Ts1Cje, which has a partial trisomy (Mmu16) homologous to Hsa21, is well reported to exhibit various typical neuropathological features seen in individuals with DS. This study investigated the role of skeletal muscles and peripheral nerve defects in contributing to muscle weakness in Ts1Cje mice. RESULTS Assessment of the motor performance showed that, the forelimb grip strength was significantly (P<0.0001) greater in the WT mice compared to Ts1Cje mice regardless of gender. The average survival time of the WT mice during the hanging wire test was significantly (P<0.0001) greater compared to the Ts1Cje mice. Also, the WT mice performed significantly (P<0.05) better than the Ts1Cje mice in the latency to maintain a coordinated motor movement against the rotating rod. Adult Ts1Cje mice exhibited significantly (P<0.001) lower nerve conduction velocity compared with their aged matched WT mice. Further analysis showed a significantly (P<0.001) higher population of type I fibres in WT compared to Ts1Cje mice. Also, there was significantly (P<0.01) higher population of COX deficient fibres in Ts1Cje mice. Expression of Myf5 was significantly (P<0.05) reduced in triceps of Ts1Cje mice while MyoD expression was significantly (P<0.05) increased in quadriceps of Ts1Cje mice. CONCLUSION Ts1Cje mice exhibited weaker muscle strength. The lower population of the type I fibres and higher population of COX deficient fibres in Ts1Cje mice may contribute to the muscle weakness seen in this mouse model for DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Bala
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, Gombe State University, Gombe, Nigeria
| | - Melody Pui-Yee Leong
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chai Ling Lim
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hayati Kadir Shahar
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mei-I Lai
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zhe-Kang Law
- Department of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Khairunnisa Ramli
- Tissue Engineering Centre, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur
| | - Ohnmar Htwe
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, UKM Medical Centre, Jalan Yaakob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur
| | - King-Hwa Ling
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pike-See Cheah
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre (GRMRC), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Madhavan P, Jamal F, Pei CP, Othman F, Karunanidhi A, Ng KP. Comparative Study of the Effects of Fluconazole and Voriconazole on Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida rugosa Biofilms. Mycopathologia 2018; 183:499-511. [PMID: 29380188 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Infections by non-albicans Candida species are a life-threatening condition, and formation of biofilms can lead to treatment failure in a clinical setting. This study was aimed to demonstrate the in vitro antibiofilm activity of fluconazole (FLU) and voriconazole (VOR) against C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. rugosa with diverse antifungal susceptibilities to FLU and VOR. The antibiofilm activities of FLU and VOR in the form of suspension as well as pre-coatings were assessed by XTT [2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide] reduction assay. Morphological and intracellular changes exerted by the antifungal drugs on Candida cells were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results of the antibiofilm activities showed that FLU drug suspension was capable of killing C. parapsilosis and C. rugosa at minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 4× MIC FLU and 256× MIC FLU, respectively. While VOR MICs ranging from 2× to 32× were capable of killing the biofilms of all Candida spp tested. The antibiofilm activities of pre-coated FLU were able to kill the biofilms at ¼× MIC FLU and ½× MIC FLU for C. parapsilosis and C. rugosa strains, respectively. While pre-coated VOR was able to kill the biofilms, all three Candida sp at ½× MIC VOR. SEM and TEM examinations showed that FLU and VOR treatments exerted significant impact on Candida cell with various degrees of morphological changes. In conclusion, a fourfold reduction in MIC50 of FLU and VOR towards ATCC strains of C. glabrata, C. rugosa and C. rugosa clinical strain was observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Lakeside Campus, No. 1, Jalan Taylor's, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. .,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Farida Jamal
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Chong Pei Pei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Arunkumar Karunanidhi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kee Peng Ng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Lembah Pantai, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Othman F, Raleigh J, Femia J, Semsarian C, Gray B, Langlois N, Puranik R. Utility of Postmortem CT and MR in the Diagnosis of Unexpected Death. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Jafarlou M, Shanehbandi D, Dehghan P, Mansoori B, Othman F, Baradaran B. Enhancement of chemosensitivity by simultaneously silencing of Mcl-1 and Survivin genes using small interfering RNA in human myelomonocytic leukaemia. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2017; 46:1792-1798. [PMID: 29113504 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1392969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a genetically heterogeneous, severe and rapidly progressing disease triggered by blocking granulocyte or monocyte differentiation and maturation. Overexpression of myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (Mcl-1) and Survivin is associated with drug resistance, tumour progression and inhibition of apoptotic mechanisms in leukaemia and several cancers. In the present study, we examined the combined effect of etoposide and dual siRNA-mediated silencing of Mcl-1 and Survivin on U-937 AML cells. The AML cells were co-transfected with Mcl-1 and Survivin-specific siRNAs and genes silencing were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting. Subsequently, MTT assay was used for the evaluation of cytotoxic effects by dual siRNA and etoposide on their own and in combination. For the studying of apoptosis, DNA-histone ELISA and annexin-V/FITC assays were performed. Co-transfection of Mcl-1 and Survivin siRNA significantly blocked their expression at the mRNA and protein levels, leading to the induction of apoptosis and strong inhibition of growth (p < .05). Besides, combined treatment of etoposide with Mcl-1 and Survivin siRNAs co-transfection leads to synergistically enhance etoposide-induced cytotoxic and apoptotic effects (p < .05). The results showed that Mcl-1 and Survivin play a major role in the U937 cells survival and their resistance relative to etoposide. Thus, Mcl-1 and Survivin can be considered as promising molecular targets for the treatment of AML. The combination treatment with etoposide, and siRNA-mediated silencing of corresponding genes may be a novel strategy in chemoresistance AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Jafarlou
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,b Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- c Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Behzad Mansoori
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - F Othman
- b Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UPM , Selangor , Malaysia
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- a Immunology Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
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Mutalib MA, Rahmat A, Ali F, Othman F, Ramasamy R. Nutritional Compositions and Antiproliferative Activities of Different Solvent Fractions from Ethanol Extract of Cyphomandra betacea (Tamarillo) Fruit. Malays J Med Sci 2017; 24:19-32. [PMID: 29386969 PMCID: PMC5772812 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to examine various solvent extracts of Cyphomandra betacea (tamarillo) also known as the tree tomato, for their bioactive constituents and antioxidant activity. The study also aims to examine its effect on cancer cell death using two types of cancer cell lines (liver and breast cancer cell). METHODS The first part of the study evaluates the nutritional composition of tamarillo. Then, phytochemical profiling using GC-MS analysis in ethanolic tamarillo extract was conducted. Different fractions of n-butanol, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions were obtained from the ethanolic extract of tamarillo. Then, the fractions were subjected to the quantification of total phenol (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC), free radical scavenging activity (SA) and also antioxidant activity (AOX) assayed by beta-carotene bleaching (BCB) assay. Finally, the capability of the ethanolic extract of tamarillo and different fractions were evaluated for their anticancer properties. RESULTS Findings from this study revealed that the nutritional composition (ash, protein, carbohydrate and total dietary fiber), and mineral levels (calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron) of tamarillo were moderate. The crude ethanol extract of tamarillo contained the highest phenolic and total flavonoid content. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of alkanes, carboxylic acid, phenol, alkanes, carboxylic acids, aromatics and nitro compounds. Twelve bioactive constituents in tamarillo have been identified through GC-MS analysis. Cytotoxic activity suggests the potential of ethanolic extracts of tamarillo having a chemopreventive effect on breast and liver cancer cells. CONCLUSION This study reveals that tamarillo has substantial antioxidant activity as well as anticancer properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisarah Abdul Mutalib
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Faculty of Science Technology and Human Development, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat Johor, Malaysia
| | - Faisal Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Yemen
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Tengku Ibrahim T, Othman F, Mahmood N. Assessment of water quality of Sembilang River receiving effluent from controlled municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill in Selangor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/210/1/012019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Taheri Rouhi SZ, Sarker MMR, Rahmat A, Alkahtani SA, Othman F. Erratum to: The effect of pomegranate fresh juice versus pomegranate seed powder on metabolic indices, lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers, and the histopathology of pancreatic islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:214. [PMID: 28407770 PMCID: PMC5391545 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1724-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Nordin ML, Abdul Kadir A, Zakaria ZA, Othman F, Abdullah R, Abdullah MNH. Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis Induction of Ardisia crispa and Its Solvent Partitions against Mus musculus Mammary Carcinoma Cell Line (4T1). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017; 2017:9368079. [PMID: 28400849 PMCID: PMC5376464 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9368079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the cytotoxicity and apoptosis effect of A. crispa extract and its solvent partition (ethyl acetate and aqueous extract) against Mus musculus mammary carcinoma cell line (4T1). The normal mouse fibroblast cell line (NIH3T3) was used as comparison for selective cytotoxicity properties. The cytotoxicity evaluation was assessed using MTT assay. AO/PI dual fluorescent staining assay and Annexin V-FITC were used for apoptosis analysis. Results showed that 80% methanol extract from leaves showed most promising antimammary cancer agent with IC50 value of 42.26 ± 1.82 μg/mL and selective index (SI) value of 10.22. Ethyl acetate was cytotoxic for both cancer and normal cell while aqueous extract exhibited poor cytotoxic effect. 4T1 cells labelled with AO/PI and Annexin V-FITC and treated with 80% methanol extract demonstrated that the extract induces apoptosis to 4T1 mammary cancer cells. In conclusion, 80% methanol extract of A. crispa was selectively cytotoxic towards 4T1 cells but less cytotoxic towards NIH3T3 cells and induced the cancerous cells into apoptotic stage as early as 6 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman Nordin
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Arifah Abdul Kadir
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Prof. Fauziah Biohealth Sdn. Bhd, Malaysia
| | - Rasedee Abdullah
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nazrul Hakim Abdullah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Taheri Rouhi SZ, Sarker MMR, Rahmat A, Alkahtani SA, Othman F. The effect of pomegranate fresh juice versus pomegranate seed powder on metabolic indices, lipid profile, inflammatory biomarkers, and the histopathology of pancreatic islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:156. [PMID: 28288617 PMCID: PMC5348881 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1667-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with hyperglycemia, inflammatory disorders and abnormal lipid profiles. Several functional foods have therapeutic potential to treat chronic diseases including diabetes. The therapeutic potential of pomegranate has been stated by multitudinous scientists. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pomegranate juice and seed powder on the levels of plasma glucose and insulin, inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profiles, and health of the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NAD) induced T2DM Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. METHODS Forty healthy male SD rats were induced to diabetes with a single dose intra-peritoneal administration of STZ (60 mg/kg b.w.) - NAD (120 mg/kg b.w.). Diabetic rats were orally administered with 1 mL of pomegranate fresh juice (PJ) or 100 mg pomegranate seed powder in 1 mL distilled water (PS), or 5 mg/kg b.w. of glibenclamide every day for 21 days. Rats in all groups were sacrificed on day 22. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software (v: 22) using One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS The results showed that PJ and PS treatment had slight but non-significant reduction of plasma glucose concentration, and no impact on plasma insulin compared to diabetic control (DC) group. PJ lowered the plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) significantly, and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) non-significantly compared to DC group. In contrast, PS treatment significantly raised plasma TC, LDL, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) levels compared to the DC rats. Moreover, the administration of PJ and PS significantly reduced the levels of plasma inflammatory biomarkers, which were actively raised in diabetic rats. Only PJ treated group showed significant repairment and restoration signs in islets of Langerhans. Besides, PJ possessed preventative impact against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals almost 2.5 folds more than PS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that active constituents with high antioxidant properties present in PJ are responsible for its anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects, likewise the restoration effect on the damaged islets of Langerhans in experimental rats. Hence, the pharmacological, biochemical, and histopathological profiles of PJ treated rats obviously indicated its helpful effects in amelioration of diabetes-associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zeinab Taheri Rouhi
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lincoln University College, No. 2, Jalan Stadium SS 7/15, Kalana Jaya, 47301, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saad Ahmed Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmacolgy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hashim I, Ejiri H, Othman F, Saroni S, Amelia W, Hamzah S, Wei K. Statistical Neutron Emission Model for Neutrino Nuclear Response. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201715600005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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22
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Mutalib MA, Ali F, Othman F, Ramasamy R, Rahmat A. Phenolics profile and anti-proliferative activity of Cyphomandra Betacea fruit in breast and liver cancer cells. Springerplus 2016; 5:2105. [PMID: 28053834 PMCID: PMC5174009 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyphomandra betacea (C. betacea) belongs to the Solanaceae family. This study was aimed to evaluate the anti-proliferative of C.betacea crude extract against selected cancer cell lines (breast and liver cancer) and to identify the polyphenolics profile (phenolic acids and flavonoids) of C. betacea fruits. Anti-proliferative effect of the extracts was examined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, followed by cell morphology analysis using acridine orange and propidium iodide double staining. RESULTS The phenolics profile was characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). C. betacea extract showed a high cytotoxic effect against liver and breast cancer cell lines with the IC50 value of 30 and 80 µg/ml, respectively. Phenolics profiling showed that C. betacea extract has a wide variety of polyphenolic compounds which are the responsible substances underlying the cytotoxic activity. The microscopic examination analysed by acridine orange and propidium iodide double staining showed that viable cells of the liver and breast cells were well rounded, large and intact green nuclei compared with the treated cells that characterized by apoptotic features (shrunken nuclei with a less quantity of cytoplasm). CONCLUSION The present study demonstrated that the anti-proliferative properties of C. betacea fruits were partially attributed to the rich phenolics content. It supports the hypothesis that C. betacea fruits have potential as an effective agent in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maisarah Abdul Mutalib
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Faisal Ali
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
- Haematology Department, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Jafarlou M, Baradaran B, Shanehbandi D, Saedi TA, Jafarlou V, Ismail P, Othman F. siRNA-mediated inhibition of survivin gene enhances the anti-cancer effect of etoposide in U-937 acute myeloid leukemia cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2016; 62:44-49. [PMID: 27262801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most frequent types of leukemia which mostly affects adult people. Resistance to therapeutic drugs is considered as a major clinical concern resulting in a weaker response to chemotherapy, disease relapse and decreased survival rate. Survivin, a member of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs), is associated with drug resistance and inhibition of apoptotic mechanisms in numerous hematological malignancies. In the present study, we examined the combined effect of etoposide and siRNA-mediated silencing of survivin on U-937 acute myeloid leukemia cells. The AML cells were transfected with survivin specific siRNA and gene knockdown was confirmed by quantitative real time PCR and western blotting. Subsequently, U-937 cells were assessed for response to etoposide treatment and apoptosis rate was measured with flowcytometery. The cytotoxic effects in siRNA-etoposide group were measured and compared to etoposide single therapy group. Survivin siRNA effectively knocked down the mRNA and protein levels of survivin, which led to lower cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Furthermore, combined treatment of etoposide and survivin siRNA synergistically increased the cell toxic effects of etoposide and its ability to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jafarlou
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Selangor Malaysia
| | - B Baradaran
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Immunology Research center Tabriz Iran
| | - D Shanehbandi
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Immunology Research center Tabriz Iran
| | - T A Saedi
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Institute of Biosciences Selangor Malaysia
| | - V Jafarlou
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Department of Surgery, Imam Reza hospital Tabriz Iran
| | - P Ismail
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Selangor Malaysia
| | - F Othman
- Universiti Putra Malaysia Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Selangor Malaysia
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Jafarlou M, Baradaran B, Saedi TA, Jafarlou V, Shanehbandi D, Maralani M, Othman F. An overview of the history, applications, advantages, disadvantages and prospects of gene therapy. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:315-321. [PMID: 27358116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy has become a significant issue in science-related news. The principal concept of gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. Although gene therapy was originally conceived as a way to treat life-threatening disorders (inborn defects, cancers) refractory to conventional treatment, it is now considered for many nonlife-threatening conditions, such as those adversely impacting a patients quality of life. An extensive range of efficacious vectors, delivery techniques, and approaches for developing gene-based interventions for diseases have evolved in the last decade. The lack of suitable treatment has become a rational basis for extending the scope of gene therapy. The aim of this review is to investigate the general methods by which genes are transferred and to give an overview to clinical applications. Maximizing the potential benefits of gene therapy requires efficient and sustained therapeutic gene expression in target cells, low toxicity, and a high safety profile. Gene therapy has made substantial progress albeit much slower than was initially predicted. This review also describes the basic science associated with many gene therapy vectors and the present progress of gene therapy carried out for various surface disorders and diseases. The conclusion is that, with increased pathobiological understanding and biotechnological improvements, gene therapy will become a standard part of clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jafarlou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - T A Saedi
- Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - V Jafarlou
- Department of Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - D Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - M Maralani
- Health Sciences Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - F Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Usman B, Othman F, Mei L, King-Hwa L, Kadir H, Pike-See C. Ts1Cje mouse model for Down syndrome exhibits motor function deficit; the potential role of skeletal muscles and peripheral nervous system. Front Cell Neurosci 2016. [DOI: 10.3389/conf.fncel.2016.36.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Jafarlou M, Baradaran B, Shanehbandi D, Saedi TA, Jafarlou V, Karimi P, Othman F. Silencing of myeloid cell leukemia-1 by small interfering RNA improves chemosensitivity to etoposide in u-937 leukemic cells. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:55-65. [PMID: 27049076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A key issue in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the development of drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Overexpression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1), an anti-apoptotic protein, is associated with tumor progression and drug resistance in leukemia and several cancers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of specific Mcl-1 small interference RNA (siRNA) on the proliferation and chemosensitivity of U-937 AML cell to etoposide. The siRNA transfection was conducted using Lipofectamine 2000. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analysis were employed to measure the expression levels of mRNA and protein, respectively. To evaluate tumor cell growth after siRNA transfection, Trypan blue exclusion assay was conducted. The cytotoxic effects of siRNA and etoposide were determined using MTT assay on their own and in combination. DNA-histone ELISA and annexin-V/FITC assays were performed to study the apoptosis. Mcl-1 siRNA transfection significantly blocked the expression of Mcl-1 mRNA and protein in a time-dependent manner, leading to a strong growth inhibition and enhanced apoptosis (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, pretreatment with Mcl-1 siRNA, synergistically enhanced the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of etoposide (P less than 0.05). Our results demonstrated that Mcl-1 plays a fundamental role in the survival and resistance of U-937 cells to etoposide. Therefore, Mcl-1 can be considered an attractive target in gene therapy of AML patients and siRNA-mediated silencing of this gene may be a novel strategy in AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jafarlou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - D Shanehbandi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - T A Saedi
- Institute of Biosciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - V Jafarlou
- Department of Surgery, Imam Reza Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - P Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - F Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Hussin F, Eshkoor SA, Rahmat A, Othman F, Akim A, Eshak Z. Strobilanthes crispus Juice Concentrations and Anticancer Effects on DNA Damage, Apoptosis and Gene Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:6047-53. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.6047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Saedi TA, Ghafourian S, Jafarlou M, Sabariah MN, Ismail P, Eusni RMT, Othman F. BERBERIS VULGARIS FRUIT CRUDE EXTRACT AS A NOVEL ANTI-LEUKAEMIC AGENT. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2015; 29:395-399. [PMID: 26122228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor protein p53 encoded by the TP53 gene in humans is known as a cancer biomarker in patients diagnosed with cancer, and it plays an essential role in apoptosis, genomic stability, and inhibition of angiogenesis. Cancer therapies with common chemotherapy methods are effective, as known, but have some side effects. Berberis vulgaris is traditionally administrated as a cancer drug. The current research aims to evaluate p53 as a biomarker in WEHI-3 cell line and to demonstrate the Berberis vulgaris fruit crude extract (BVFCE) as a new anticancer drug. For this purpose, we evaluated the effect of BVFCE in different concentrations against WEHI-3cell line in vitro and determined the quantitative level of p53 gene in the treated WEHI-3 cells. The results demonstrated that even at only 1 mg/ml concentration of Berberis vulgaris crude extract, there was a low level of p53 biomarker expression on WEHI-3 cells in comparison with doxorubicin. Therefore, the current study suggests BVFCE as a reliable anti-leukaemic drug and candidate for anticancer therapy. However, further investigation need be carried out to confirm its efficiency in vivo.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Berberis/chemistry
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Fruit/chemistry
- Genes, p53
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute/pathology
- Mice
- Phytotherapy
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Saedi
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - S Ghafourian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - M Jafarlou
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - M N Sabariah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - P Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - R M T Eusni
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F Othman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Arisanty D, Eshak Z, Othman F, Rahmat A, Akim AM, - N, M. Jalil S. CHARACTERISTIC OF APOPTOSIS AND EXPRESSION OF GENES-RELATED APOPTOSIS (c-myc, c-erb AND c-fos ONCOGENE) IN HeLa CELL LINES AFTER EXPOSURE BY NEEM (Azadirachta indica A.Juss). J Ris Kim 2015. [DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v1i2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Azadirachta indica A. Juss is a medicinal plant commonly known as neem. The effect of neem leaves extract on cervical cancer cells, however, has never been studied. Due to the lack of information, this study was conducted to determine the effect of neem leaves extract on cervical cancer (HeLa) cell growth. In vitro cytotoxicity effect of ethanolic neem extract indicated the presence of cytotoxicity activity of the extract against HeLa cells with IC50 of 30.0 μg/mL. The morphological changes under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) on HeLa cells were cell shrinkage and membrane blebbing. There were also cells with condensed nucleus and few cells have fragmented nucleus, and finally formed apoptotic body. Control cells showed a clear cytoplasm and centrally placed nucleus and no cells exhibited any apoptotic features. Appearance of apoptotic cells under scanning electron microscope (SEM) are indentations, blebs and hole on cell surface and disintegration of cell. The controls remained morphologically normal. Apoptotic features of the cells are widely seen with longer incubation time while 24 hours incubation time, it is scarcely seen. The RT-PCR product showed that the c-erb gene expression was expressed in both treated and untreated HeLa cells. Contrary, the the c-myc and c-fos oncogenes on HeLa cells which exposed to A. indica EtOH extract were significantly decreased. Thus, the results from this study strongly suggest that the ethanolic extract of A. indica may contain bioactive compound(s) that caused cervical cancer cells, HeLa cell death by apoptosis mechanism and lead to succession of discovering new alternative treatment for cervical cancer. Keywords : cytotoxic, apoptosis genes, oncogenes, neem
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Aboonabi A, Rahmat A, Othman F. Antioxidant effect of pomegranate against streptozotocin-nicotinamide generated oxidative stress induced diabetic rats. Toxicol Rep 2014; 1:915-922. [PMID: 28962304 PMCID: PMC5598111 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress attributes a crucial role in chronic complication of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the most effective part of pomegranate on oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme activities against streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p), 15 min after the i.p administration of NA. Diabetic rats showed significant increase in plasma glucose level, and the significant decrease in plasma insulin level. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as total antioxidant status (TAS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) reduced while the levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress such as gamma-glutamyle transferase (GGT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in diabetic control rats as compared to normal control rats. Oral treatment with pomegranate seed-juice for 21 days demonstrated significant protective effects on all the biochemical parameters studied. Besides, biochemical findings were supported by histopathological study. These results revealed that pomegranate has potential protective effect against oxidative stress induced diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Aboonabi
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Heidari F, Vasudevan R, Mohd Ali SZ, Ismail P, Etemad A, Pishva SR, Othman F, Abu Bakar S. Association of insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene among Malay male hypertensive subjects in response to ACE inhibitors. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 16:872-9. [PMID: 25002132 DOI: 10.1177/1470320314538878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several studies show that the insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene has been associated with hypertension in various populations. The present study sought to determine the association of the I/D gene polymorphism among Malay male essential hypertensive subjects in response to ACE inhibitors (enalapril and lisinopril). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 72 patients with newly diagnosed hypertension and 72 healthy subjects were recruited in this study. Blood pressure was recorded from 0 to 24 weeks of treatment with enalapril or lisinopril. Genotyping of the I/D polymorphism was carried out using a standard PCR method. RESULTS Statistically significant association of the D allele of the ACE gene was observed between the case and control subjects (p < 0.01). There was a decrease in blood pressure in the patients carrying the DD genotype (SBP=18.5±8.1 mmHg, DBP=15.29±7.1 mmHg) rather than the ID (SBP=4.1±3.3 mmHg, DBP=9.1±3.5 mmHg) and II genotypes (SBP= 3.0±0.2 mmHg, DBP 0.11±6.1 mmHg) of the ACE gene. CONCLUSION Patients carrying the DD genotype had higher blood pressure-lowering response when treated with ACE inhibitors enalapril or lisinopril than those carrying ID and II genotypes, suggesting that the D allele may be a possible genetic marker for essential hypertension among Malay male subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Heidari
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Patimah Ismail
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Ali Etemad
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Seyyed Reza Pishva
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Suhaili Abu Bakar
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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Hussin F, Eshkoor SA, Rahmat A, Othman F, Akim A. The centella asiatica juice effects on DNA damage, apoptosis and gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). BMC Complement Altern Med 2014; 14:32. [PMID: 24444147 PMCID: PMC3900269 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper is to investigate the effects of Centella asiatica on HepG2 (human hepatocellular liver carcinoma cell line). Centella asiatica is native to the Southeast Asia that is used as a traditional medicine. This study aims to determine the chemopreventive effects of the Centella asiatica juice on human HepG2 cell line. METHODS Different methods including flow cytometry, comet assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to show the effects of juice exposure on the level of DNA damage and the reduction of cancerous cells. MTT assay is a colorimetric method applied to measure the toxic effects of juice on cells. RESULTS The Centella asiatica juice was not toxic to normal cells. It showed cytotoxic effects on tumor cells in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis in cells was started after being exposed for 72 hr of dose dependent. It was found that the higher percentage of apoptotic cell death and DNA damage was at the concentration above 0.1%. In addition, the juice exposure caused the reduction of c-myc gene expression and the enhancement of c-fos and c-erbB2 gene expressions in tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that the Centella asiatica juice reduced liver tumor cells. Thus, it has the potential to be used as a chemopreventive agent to prevent and treat liver cancer.
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Abdullah JM, Ahmad F, Ahmad KAK, Ghazali MM, Jaafar H, Ideris A, Ali AM, Omar AR, Yusoff K, Lila MAM, Othman F. Molecular genetic analysis of BAX and cyclin D1 genes in patients with malignant glioma. Neurol Res 2013; 29:239-42. [PMID: 17509221 DOI: 10.1179/016164107x158965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Brain tumorigenesis is a complex process involving multiple genetic alterations. Cyclin D1 and BAX genes are two of the most important regulators in controlling the normal proliferation and apoptosis of cells, respectively. In this study, we analysed the possibilities of involvement of cyclin D1 and BAX genes in the gliomagenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS In determining gene alterations of exon 4 of cyclin D1 gene and exon 6 of BAX gene, all samples were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequently by direct sequencing. Our results showed a frameshift mutation (G base deletion) at nucleotide 82 of codon 28 in exon 4 of the cyclin D1 gene and another frameshift mutation with a deletion of C base at nucleotide 153 of exon 6 of the BAX gene in two separate cases of a glioblastoma multiform (WHO Grade IV) sample. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that both cyclin D1 and BAX genes alteration are rarely found in brain tumors. However, the alteration might cause a significant effect of the normal protein production and this might contribute to the development of brain tumorigenesis in Malaysian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafri Malin Abdullah
- Department of Neurosciences, Department of Pathology, and Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Pishva SR, Vasudevan R, Etemad A, Heidari F, Komara M, Ismail P, Othman F, Karimi A, Sabri MR. Analysis of MTHFR and MTRR Gene Polymorphisms in Iranian Ventricular Septal Defect Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2739-52. [PMID: 23358257 PMCID: PMC3588012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is one of the most common types of congenital heart defects (CHD). There are vivid multifactorial causes for VSD in which both genetic and environmental risk factors are consequential in the development of CHD. Methionine synthase reductase (MTRR) and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are two of the key regulatory enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway of homocysteine. Genes involved in homocysteine/folate metabolism may play an important role in CHDs. In this study; we determined the association of A66G and C524T polymorphisms of the MTRR gene and C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene in Iranian VSD subjects. A total of 123 children with VSDs and 125 healthy children were included in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from the buccal cells of all the subjects. The restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) method was carried out to amplify the A66G and C524T polymorphism of MTRR and C677T polymorphism of MTHFR genes digested with Hinf1, Xho1 and Nde1 enzymes, respectively. The genotype frequencies of CC, CT and TT of MTRR gene among the studied cases were 43.1%, 40.7% and 16.3%, respectively, compared to 52.8%, 43.2% and 4.0%, respectively among the controls. For the MTRR A66G gene polymorphism, the genotypes frequencies of AA, AG and GG among the cases were 33.3%, 43.9% and 22.8%, respectively, while the frequencies were 49.6%, 42.4% and 8.0%, respectively, among control subjects. The frequencies for CC and CT genotypes of the MTHFR gene were 51.2% and 48.8%, respectively, in VSD patients compared to 56.8% and 43.2% respectively, in control subjects. Apart from MTHFR C677T polymorphism, significant differences were noticed (p < 0.05) in C524T and A66G polymorphisms of the MTRR gene between cases and control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Reza Pishva
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.R.P.); (R.V.); (A.E.); (F.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Ramachandran Vasudevan
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.R.P.); (R.V.); (A.E.); (F.H.); (M.K.)
- School of Science, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 46150, Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ali Etemad
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.R.P.); (R.V.); (A.E.); (F.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Farzad Heidari
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.R.P.); (R.V.); (A.E.); (F.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Makanko Komara
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.R.P.); (R.V.); (A.E.); (F.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Patimah Ismail
- Genetic Research Group, Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mails: (S.R.P.); (R.V.); (A.E.); (F.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Abdollah Karimi
- Pediatric Infectious Research Centre, Mofid Children Hospital, Shariati St, Tehran 15468, Iran; E-Mail:
| | - Mohammad Reza Sabri
- Pediatric Heart Centre, Isfahan Medical University, Isfahan 73461, Iran; E-Mail:
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Abd Ghafar N, Chua KH, Wan Ngah WZ, Che Hamzah J, Othman F, Abd Rahman R, Hj Idrus R. Phenotypic characterization of culture expanded rabbit limbal corneal keratocytes. Cell Tissue Bank 2013; 15:25-34. [PMID: 23292197 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-012-9360-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The in vivo quiescent corneal stroma keratocytes need to be transformed to activated state in order to obtain sufficient number of cells either for monolayer evaluation or corneal stroma reconstruction. This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic characterization of corneal stromal cells during culture expansion from the limbal region of the cornea. Isolated corneal keratocytes from limbal tissue of New Zealand White Strain rabbits' corneas (n = 6) were culture expanded until three passages. Keratocytes morphology was examined daily with viability, growth rate, number of cell doubling and population doubling time were recorded at each passage. The expression of collagen type 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), lumican and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were detected by RT-PCR. Immunocytochemistry was also used to detect ALDH, α-SMA, collagen type I and Cytokeratin-3 (CK3). Growth kinetic study revealed that the growth rate was low at the initial passage but increase to about two folds with concomitant reduction in population doubling time in later passages. Freshly isolated and cultured keratocytes expressed collagen type 1, ALDH and lumican but α-SMA expression was absent. However, α-SMA was expressed along with the other genes during culture expansion. Keratocytes at P1 expressed all the proteins except CK3. These results suggest that cultured keratocytes maintained most of the gene expression profile of native keratocytes while the emergence of α-SMA in serial passages showed a mix population of various phenotypes. The phenotypic characterization of monolayer keratocytes provides useful information before reconstruction of bioengineered tissue or in vitro pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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Hajjar T, Meng GY, Rajion MA, Vidyadaran S, Othman F, Farjam AS, Li TA, Ebrahimi M. Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid improves spatial learning and hippocampal peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARα and PPARγ) gene expression in rats. BMC Neurosci 2012; 13:109. [PMID: 22989138 PMCID: PMC3465241 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-13-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study examined the effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as different n-6: n-3 ratios on spatial learning and gene expression of peroxisome- proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in the hippocampus of rats. Thirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly allotted into 3 groups of ten animals each and received experimental diets with different n-6: n-3 PUFA ratios of either 65:1, 22:1 or 4.5:1. After 10 weeks, the spatial memory of the animals was assessed using the Morris Water Maze test. The expression of PPARα and PPARγ genes were determined using real-time PCR. Results Decreasing dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratios improved the cognitive performance of animals in the Morris water maze test along with the upregulation of PPARα and PPARγ gene expression. The animals with the lowest dietary n-6: n-3 PUFA ratio presented the highest spatial learning improvement and PPAR gene expression. Conclusion It can be concluded that modulation of n-6: n-3 PUFA ratios in the diet may lead to increased hippocampal PPAR gene expression and consequently improved spatial learning and memory in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toktam Hajjar
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Basir R, Hasballah K, Jabbarzare M, Gam LH, Abdul Majid AM, Yam MF, Moklas MAM, Othman F, Che Norma MT, Zalinah A, Mahmud R, Abdullah WO. Modulation of interleukin-18 release produced positive outcomes on parasitaemia development and cytokines production during malaria in mice. Trop Biomed 2012; 29:405-421. [PMID: 23018504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and the effects of modulating its release on the course of malaria infection were investigated using Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in ICR mice as a model. Results demonstrated that plasma IL-18 concentrations in malarial mice were significantly elevated and positively correlated with the percentage parasitaemia development. Significant expressions of IL-18 were also observed in the brain, spleen and liver tissues. Slower development of parasitaemia was observed significantly upon inhibition and neutralization of IL-18, whereas faster development of parasitaemia was recorded when the circulating levels of IL-18 were further augmented during the infection. Inhibition and neutralization of IL-18 production also resulted in a significant decrease of plasma concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1α and IL-6), whereas the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, was significantly increased. Augmenting the release of IL- 18 during the infection on the other hand resulted in the opposite. Early mortality in malarial mice was also observed when the circulating levels of IL-18 were further augmented. Results proved the important role of IL-18 in immune response against malaria and suggest that IL-8 is pro-inflammatory in nature and may involve in mediating the severity of the infection through a pathway of elevating the pro-inflammatory cytokine and limiting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Chong HZ, Yeap SK, Rahmat A, Akim AM, Alitheen NB, Othman F, Gwendoline-Ee CL. In vitro evaluation of Pandanus amaryllifolius ethanol extract for induction of cell death on non-hormone dependent human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cell via apoptosis. BMC Complement Altern Med 2012; 12:134. [PMID: 22909149 PMCID: PMC3479033 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study had shown that P. amaryllifolius was able to selectively inhibit cell proliferation of hormone independent breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. To understand the mode of killing and mechanism of action for P. amaryllifolius, the ethanol extract was evaluated for their alteration of cell cycle progression, PS externalization, DNA fragmentation and expression of anti/pro-apoptotic related protein. RESULTS Cell cycle progression analysis, Annexin V and Tunel assays suggested that IC50 of P. amaryllifolius ethanol extract induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, PS externalization and DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, ELISA for cytochrome c, caspase-3/7, 8 and 9 indicated that apoptosis was contributed by mitochondrial cytochrome c release via induction of caspase 3/7, 9, and p53 was associated with the suppression of XIAP in P. amaryllifolius treated MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that P. amaryllifolius ethanol extract induced apoptosis on hormone independent breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.
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Roslee H, Hui Yee C, Fakurazi S, Azizi Jalilian F, Othman F, Othman N. The effect of paracetamol on human Chang liver cells infected by different dengue serotypes based on liver enzyme activity. Int J Infect Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Chong HZ, Rahmat A, Yeap SK, Md Akim A, Alitheen NB, Othman F, Gwendoline-Ee CL. In vitro cytotoxicity of Strobilanthes crispus ethanol extract on hormone dependent human breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 cell. Altern Ther Health Med 2012; 12:35. [PMID: 22471785 PMCID: PMC3377542 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-12-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Strobilanthes crispus has been traditionally used as antidiabetic, anticancer, diuretic, antilytic and laxative agent. However, cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effect of S. crispus is still unclear. Results Strobilanthes cripus was able to reduce cell viability and proliferation in MTT and BrdU assays. Both cell cycle progression and Tunel assay suggested that IC50 of S. crispus ethanol extract induced sub-G1 cell cycle phase, and DNA fragmentation. On the other hand, translocation of mitochondria cytochrome c release, induction of caspase 3/7 and p53 while suppress XIAP on treated MCF-7 cell were also observed in this study. Conclusion Our findings suggest that S. crispus ethanol extract induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation on hormone dependent breast cancer cell line MCF-7 via mitochondria dependent p53 apoptosis pathway.
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Othman F, Motalleb G, Lam Tsuey Peng S, Rahmat A, Basri R, Pei Pei C. Effect of Neem Leaf Extract (Azadirachta indica) on c-Myc Oncogene Expression in 4T1 Breast Cancer Cells of BALB/c Mice. Cell J 2012; 14:53-60. [PMID: 23626938 PMCID: PMC3635821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women both worldwide and in Malaysia. Azadirachta indica (A. Juss), commonly known as neem, is one of the most versatile medicinal plants that has gained worldwide prominence due to its medicinal properties. However, the anticancer effect of ethanolic neem leaf extract against breast cancer has not been documented. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of neem leaf extract on c-Myc oncogene expression in 4T1 breast cancer BALB/c mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, A total of 48 female BALB/c mice were divided randomly into four groups of 12 mice per group: i.cancer control (CC) treated with 0.5% Tween 20 in PBS, ii. 0.5 µg/mL tamoxifen citrate (CT), iii. 250 mg/kg neem leaf extract (C250), and iv. 500 mg/kg neem leaf extract (C500). in situ reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (in situ RT-PCR) was applied to evaluate suppression of c-Myc oncogene expression in breast cancer tissue. RESULTS The C500 group showed significant (p<0.05) suppression of c-Myc oncogene expression compared to the CC group. CONCLUSION c-Myc was found to be down regulated under the effect of 500 mg/kg ethanolic neem leaf extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziah Othman
- 1. Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,
* Corresponding Address: P.O.Box: 43400Department of Human AnatomyFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity Putra MalaysiaSerdangSelangorMalaysia
| | - Gholamreza Motalleb
- 2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran
| | - Sally Lam Tsuey Peng
- 1. Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- 3. Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rusliza Basri
- 1. Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chong Pei Pei
- 4. Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Zakaria ZA, Abdul Hisam EE, Norhafizah M, Rofiee MS, Othman F, Hasiah AH, Vasudevan M. Methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaf possesses anti-ulcer activity. Med Princ Pract 2012; 21:476-82. [PMID: 22398984 DOI: 10.1159/000336593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the anti-ulcer activity of a methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea leaf (MEBP). MATERIALS AND METHODS MEBP was administered at doses of 100, 500 and 1,000 mg/kg and its effects on acute toxicity, absolute ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration, and pyloric ligation tests in rats were investigated. RESULTS At a dose of 5,000 mg/kg, MEBP did not cause any signs of toxicity in rats when given orally. Oral administration of MEBP exerted anti-ulcer activity (p < 0.05) in all models tested. However, a dose-dependent protection was observed only in the indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration model. Histological studies supported the observed anti-ulcer activity of MEBP. In the pyloric ligation assay, MEBP significantly increased gastric wall mucus secretion (p < 0.05), but did not affect the acidity of the gastric contents. CONCLUSION MEBP exhibited anti-ulcer activity, which could be due to the presence of flavonoids, saponins or other polyphenols, thereby validating the traditional use of B. purpurea in the treatment of ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Basir R, Rahiman SSF, Hasballah K, Chong WC, Talib H, Yam MF, Jabbarzare M, Tie TH, Othman F, Moklas MAM, Abdullah WO, Ahmad Z. Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection in ICR Mice as a Model of Cerebral Malaria. Iran J Parasitol 2012; 7:62-74. [PMID: 23323093 PMCID: PMC3537477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models with various combination of host-parasite have long been employed to study malaria pathogenesis. Here, we describe the combination of Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in inbred ICR mice as a model of cerebral malaria (CM). METHODS Infection in mice was initiated by intraperitoneal injection of 2 x 10(7) (0.2ml) parasitized red blood cells (PRBCs). RESULTS This model can produce a severe degree of infection presented by the high degree of parasitaemia followed by death 6-7 days post infection. Severe anemia, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly and discolourations of major organs were observed. Histopathological findings revealed several important features mimicking human CM including, microvascular sequestration of PRBCs in major organs, particularly in the brain, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the kupffer cells in the liver, pulmonary edema and hyaline membrane formation in the lungs and haemorrhages in the kidney's medulla and cortex. Proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-18, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were all found to be elevated in the plasma of infected mice. CONCLUSION This model can reproduce many of the important features of CM and therefore can be used as a tool to advance our understanding of the disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Basir
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,Corresponding author:Tel.: 00603-89472448,
| | - SS Fazalul Rahiman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - K Hasballah
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Syiah Kuala University, 23111 Darussalam, Banda Aceh, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Indonesia
| | - WC Chong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - H Talib
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - MF Yam
- Pharmacology Discipline, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - M Jabbarzare
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - TH Tie
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - F Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - MAM Moklas
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - WO Abdullah
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Z Ahmad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Khodavandi A, Harmal NS, Alizadeh F, Scully OJ, Sidik SM, Othman F, Sekawi Z, Ng KP, Chong PP. Comparison between allicin and fluconazole in Candida albicans biofilm inhibition and in suppression of HWP1 gene expression. Phytomedicine 2011; 19:56-63. [PMID: 21924600 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic human pathogen with the ability to differentiate and grow in filamentous forms and exist as biofilms. The biofilms are a barrier to treatment as they are often resistant to the antifungal drugs. In this study, we investigated the antifungal activity of allicin, an active compound of garlic on various isolates of C. albicans. The effect of allicin on biofilm production in C. albicans as compared to fluconazole, an antifungal drug, was investigated using the tetrazolium (XTT) reduction-dependent growth and crystal violet assays as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Allicin-treated cells exhibited significant reduction in biofilm growth (p<0.05) compared to fluconazole-treated and also growth control cells. Moreover, observation by SEM of allicin and fluconazole-treated cells confirmed a dose-dependent membrane disruption and decreased production of organisms. Finally, the expression of selected genes involved in biofilm formation such as HWP1 was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and relative real time RT-PCR. Allicin was shown to down-regulate the expression of HWP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khodavandi
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
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Khodavandi A, Alizadeh F, Harmal NS, Sidik SM, Othman F, Sekawi Z, Chong PP. Expression analysis of SIR2 and SAPs1-4 gene expression in Candida albicans treated with allicin compared to fluconazole. Trop Biomed 2011; 28:589-598. [PMID: 22433888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
One of the main factors for virulence of fungus such as Candida albicans is the ability to change its morphology from yeast to hyphae. Allicin, one of the volatile sulfur-oil compounds from freshly crushed garlic, has a variety of antifungal activities. In this study, the effect of allicin on growth and hyphae production in C. albicans as compared to fluconazole, an antifungal drug was investigated using survival time in vitro and microscopic image at different time intervals. Additionally, the expression of selected genes involved in hyphae formation and development such as SIR2 and SAP1-4 was evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and relative real time RT-PCR. Allicin was shown to down-regulate the expression of SIR2 (5.54 fold), similar to fluconazole (3.48 fold) at 2x MIC concentrations. Interestingly, allicin had no effect on SAPs1-4 expression, whereas fluconazole was able to suppress SAP4 expression. Our findings showed that allicin was effective in suppressing hyphae development of C. albicans to an extent that is sometimes equal or more than fluconazole. Moreover, allicin and fluconazole seemed to share a common anti-Candida mechanism through inhibition of SIR2 gene, while fluconazole appeared to also exert its fungistatic effect through another pathway that involved SAP4 suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khodavandi
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
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Royan M, Meng GY, Othman F, Sazili AQ, Navidshad B. Effects of conjugated linoleic acid, fish oil and soybean oil on PPARs (α & γ) mRNA expression in broiler chickens and their relation to body fat deposits. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:8581-95. [PMID: 22272093 PMCID: PMC3257090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12128581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted on broiler chickens to study the effects of different dietary fats (Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), fish oil, soybean oil, or their mixtures, as well as palm oil, as a more saturated fat), with a as fed dose of 7% for single fat and 3.5 + 3.5% for the mixtures, on Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) gene expression and its relation with body fat deposits. The CLA used in this experiment was CLA LUTA60 which contained 60% CLA, so 7% and 3.5% dietary inclusions of CLA LUTA60 were equal to 4.2% and 2.1% CLA, respectively. Higher abdominal fat pad was found in broiler chickens fed with a diet containing palm oil compared to chickens in the other experimental groups (P ≤ 0.05). The diets containing CLA resulted in an increased fat deposition in the liver of broiler chickens (P ≤ 0.05). The only exception was related to the birds fed with diets containing palm oil or fish oil + soybean oil, where contents of liver fat were compared to the CLA + fish oil treatment. PPARγ gene in adipose tissue of chickens fed with palm oil diet was up-regulated compared to other treatments (P ≤ 0.001), whereas no significant differences were found in adipose PPARγ gene expression between chickens fed with diets containing CLA, fish oil, soybean oil or the mixture of these fats. On the other hand, the PPARα gene expression in liver tissue was up-regulated in response to the dietary fish oil inclusion and the differences were also significant for both fish oil and CLA + fish oil diets compared to the diets with palm oil, soybean oil or CLA as the only oil source (P ≤ 0.001). In conclusion, the results of present study showed that there was a relationship between the adipose PPARγ gene up-regulation and abdominal fat pad deposition for birds fed with palm oil diet, while no deference was detected in n-3 and n-6 fatty acids, as well as CLA on PPARγ down regulation in comparison to a more saturated fat. When used on its own, fish oil was found to be a more effective fat in up-regulating hepatic PPARα gene expression and this effect was related to a less fat deposition in liver tissue. A negative correlation coefficient (−0.3) between PPARα relative gene expression and liver tissue fat content confirm the anti-lipogenic effect of PPARα, however, the change in these parameters was not completely parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Royan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +60126884660; Fax: +6060389471971
| | - Goh Yong Meng
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fauziah Othman
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Awis Qurni Sazili
- Department of Animal Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Bahman Navidshad
- Department of Animal Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, P.O. Box: 179, Ardabil, Iran; E-Mail:
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Khodavandi A, Alizadeh F, Harmal NS, Sidik SM, Othman F, Sekawi Z, Jahromi MAF, Ng KP, Chong PP. Comparison between efficacy of allicin and fluconazole against Candida albicans in vitro and in a systemic candidiasis mouse model. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2011; 315:87-93. [PMID: 21204918 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of allicin compared with fluconazole in alleviating systemic Candida albicans infections was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo through a systemic candidiasis mouse model. Determination of in vitro minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for different C. albicans isolates revealed that both allicin and fluconazole showed different MICs that ranged from 0.05 to 12.5 μg mL(-1) and 0.25 to 16 μg mL(-1) , respectively. A time-kill study showed a significant effect of allicin (P<0.01) against C. albicans, comparable to that of fluconazole. Scanning electron microscopy observation revealed that, similar to fluconazole, allicin produced structural destruction of C. albicans cell surface at low MIC and lysis or puncture at high MIC concentrations. Treatment of BALB/c mice systemically infected with C. albicans showed that although the allicin treatment (at 5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) ) was slightly less efficacious than fluconazole treatment in terms of the fungal load reduction and host survival time, it was still effective against C. albicans in terms of mean survival time, which increased from 8.4 to 15.8 days. These results demonstrate the efficacy of anticandidal effects of allicin both in vitro and in an animal model of candidiasis and affirm the potential of allicin as an adjuvant therapy to fluconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Khodavandi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Othman F, Motalleb G, Lam Tsuey Peng S, Rahmat A, Fakurazi S, Pei Pei C. Extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) Leaf Induces Apoptosis in 4T1 Breast Cancer BALB/c Mice. Cell J 2011; 13:107-16. [PMID: 23507990 PMCID: PMC3584456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Azadirachta indica (Neem) has been used traditionally for many centuries. Some impressive therapeutic qualities have been discovered. However, the therapeutic effect of neem leaf extract in 4T1 breast cancer has not been documented. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the therapeutic effect of ethanolic Neem leaf extract in an in vivo 4T1 breast cancer model in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 84 female BALB/c mice were divided randomly into 7 groups (3 non-cancerous groups and 4 cancerous groups) consisting of 12 mice per group. The 3 non-cancerous groups were normal mice treated with 0.5% of Tween 20 in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (NC), 250 mg/kg Neem (N250) or 500 mg/kg Neem (N500). The 4 cancerous groups were; cancer controls treated with 0.5% of Tween 20 in PBS (CC), and cancerous mice treated with 0.5 µg/mL tamoxifen citrate (CT), 250 mg/kg Neem leaf extract (CN 250) or 500 mg/kg Neem leaf extract (CN 500). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays were used to evaluate apoptosis (cell death) in the breast cancer tissues. SPSS software, version 14 was used for statistical analysis. Statistical significance was defined as p≤0.05. Non parametric analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed with the Kruskal Wallis test for the TUNEL assays. Parametric data among the groups was compared using ANOVA. RESULTS TUNEL assays showed that the CN 250 and CN 500 groups had a higher incidence of apoptosis compared with the cancer controls. CONCLUSION The findings showed that neem leaf extract induces apoptosis in 4T1 breast cancer BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauziah Othman
- 1. Human Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,* Corresponding Address:
Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity Putra Malaysia43400SerdangSelangorMalaysia
| | | | - Sally Lam Tsuey Peng
- 1. Human Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Asmah Rahmat
- 3. Nutrition and Dietetic Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharida Fakurazi
- 4. Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chong Pei Pei
- 5. Biomedical Science Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Omar N, Abidin FZ, Das S, Abd Ghafar N, Haji Suhaimi F, Abd Latiff A, Othman F. The axillary arch - morphological and histological study with clinical importance. Morphologie 2010; 94:36-9. [PMID: 20359930 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2010.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The latissimus dorsi is a muscle of the back which forms the posterior fold of the axilla and its tendon twists to insert into the floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. Occasionally, the muscle has a muscular slip which crosses the axilla to insert into the pectoralis major. This muscular slip is often termed as "axillary arch." In the present study, we report bilateral axillary arch detected in a 45-year-old male cadaver. The average vertical length of the axillary arch measured 7 cm. The average maximum width of the uppermost, middle and lower part of the arch measured 2, 3.5 and 3.2 cm, respectively. The presence of the axillary arch is an uncommon finding in humans, considering the fact that it is solely found in the animals who prefer to hang on the trees. A histological study of the axillary arch was also performed and it showed skeletal muscle fibres which was uniformly arranged. The presence of the axillary arch may assist in the adduction of the shoulder. It may also compress the axillary vessels and nerves thereby causing resultant symptoms. Prior anatomical knowledge of the presence of axillary arch may be helpful for surgeons performing radical dissection of the axillary lymph nodes and ligation of axillary vessels, clinicians diagnosing abduction syndromes and interventional radiologists interpreting axillary mass in day to day clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Omar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala-Lumpur, Malaysia
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Kassim NM, Latiff AA, Das S, Ghafar NA, Suhaimi FH, Othman F, Hussan F, Sulaiman IM. Atlanto-occipital fusion: an osteological study with clinical implications. BRATISL MED J 2010; 111:562-565. [PMID: 21125803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atlanto-occipital fusion may be symptomatic or asymptomatic in nature. The anomaly may be incidentally detected at autopsies or during routine cadaveric dissections. The fusion of the atlas with occipital bone may result in the compression of vertebral artery and first cervical nerve. METHODS A total of 55 dried occipital bones in the Department of Anatomy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and Department of Anatomy, Universiti Malaya (UM) were included in the study. The presence of atlantooccipital fusion was closely observed and morphometric measurements were taken. RESULTS Out of 55 dried occipital bones studied, we observed atlanto-occiptalization in two bones (3.63 %). A total of 53 occipital bones (96.37 %) did not exhibit any anomalous fusions. Out of the two anomalous atlanto-occiptal fusions, one was complete while the other had unilateral right-sided fusion of the atlas with the occipital bone. CONCLUSION Atlanto-occipitalization may result in the compression of vertebral artery thereby influencing the blood flow to the brain. Atlanto-occipitalization may also result in compression of the first cervical nerve. The action of the postural muscles on the extensor surface may be affected as a result of this anomaly. The present article discusses the clinical implications of atlanto-occipitalization, which may be beneficial for neurosurgeons, neurologists and radiologists in day-to-day clinical practice (Fig. 3, Ref. 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Kassim
- Department of Anatomy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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