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Sayson LV, Campomayor NB, Ortiz DM, Lee HJ, Balataria S, Park S, Lim J, Kang H, Kim HJ, Kim M. Extracts of Prunella vulgaris Enhanced Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behavior in Mice Potentially via Adenosine A2A Receptor Activity. PLANTA MEDICA 2024. [PMID: 39047773 DOI: 10.1055/a-2360-9639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of sleep dysregulation cases has prompted the search for effective and safe sleep-enhancing agents. Numerous medications used in the treatment of sleep disorders function by enhancing γ-aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter activity. Unfortunately, these substances may induce significant adverse effects in chronic users, such as dependence and motor behavior impairments. Consequently, there is a growing interest in exploring therapeutic sleep-enhancing agents derived from natural sources, with the anticipation of causing less severe side effects. Prunella vulgaris (PV), a perennial plant indigenous to South Korea, exhibits various pharmacological effects, likely attributed to its chemical composition. Rosmarinic acid, one of its components, has previously demonstrated sleep-potentiating properties, suggesting the potential for PV to exhibit similar pharmacological effects. This study aims to investigate the potential effects of repeated administration of PV extract on the sleep behavior, brainwave activity, sleep-wake cycle, and physiological behavior of mice. Findings indicate that PV extracts exhibit sleep-enhancing effects in mice, characterized by prolonged sleep duration and a reduced onset time of pentobarbital-induced sleep. However, PV extracts only reduced alpha wave powers, with minor alterations in wakefulness and rapid-eye-movement sleep duration. In contrast to diazepam, PV extracts lack adverse effects on locomotor activity, motor coordination, or anxiety in mice. Receptor-binding assay and caffeine treatment support the potential involvement of adenosine A2A receptors in the effects of PV, suggesting distinct mechanisms of action compared to diazepam, despite both exhibiting sleep-altering effects. Overall, our results suggest that PV holds promise as a potential source of sleep-aiding agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Val Sayson
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nicole Bon Campomayor
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sweetie Balataria
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsu Park
- Naturescience Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongin Lim
- Naturescience Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kang
- Naturescience Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sayson LV, Jeon SJ, Ortiz DM, Lee HJ, Campomayor NB, Kim HJ, Kim M. Heukharang ( Lactuca sativa L.) extracts enhanced the sleep behavior of mice: potential involvement of adenosine A 1 and A 2A receptors. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2024; 22:385-394. [PMID: 38962793 PMCID: PMC11217248 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-024-00522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
A significant proportion of the world's population suffers from insomnia, a disorder characterized by complications in initiating and maintaining sleep. Many medications used to treat insomnia target the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurotransmitter system. However, these substances, such as benzodiazepines, induce significant adverse consequences, including dependence and memory impairment, after prolonged use. Thus, current studies are aimed at developing therapeutic hypnotics derived from natural sources that may cause less severe side effects. Heukharang is a variety of lettuce from Korea that was discovered to contain sleep-promoting compounds. Therefore, we investigated the potential effects of sub-chronic administration of Heukharang extract (FSD-LS) on sleep behavior (pentobarbital-induced sleeping test), brain wave activity and sleep architecture (electroencephalography), and physiological behavior (open-field test and rota-rod) in mice, along with radioligand binding assays (GABAA, adenosine A1 and A2A receptors). We found that FSD-LS prolonged the total sleep duration and reduced the onset time of sleep, and enhanced delta wave power and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep duration, all indicating persistent sleep-enhancing effects. FSD-LS lacked adverse effects on the spontaneous locomotor activity and motor coordination of mice, unlike diazepam. Pharmacological blocking using caffeine and bicuculline supported the possible involvement of adenosine receptors in the sleep-promoting effects of FSD-LS, with partial contribution from GABA receptor activity. Overall, our study recommends FSD-LS as a potential source for the development of sleep-aiding therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Val Sayson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, 1 Hallymdaehak-gil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24252 Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women’s University, 60 Hwarang-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02748 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Nicole Bon Campomayor
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry & Life Science, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01795 Republic of Korea
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Sawada R, Sakajiri Y, Shibata T, Yamanishi Y. Predicting therapeutic and side effects from drug binding affinities to human proteome structures. iScience 2024; 27:110032. [PMID: 38868195 PMCID: PMC11167438 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Evaluation of the binding affinities of drugs to proteins is a crucial process for identifying drug pharmacological actions, but it requires three dimensional structures of proteins. Herein, we propose novel computational methods to predict the therapeutic indications and side effects of drug candidate compounds from the binding affinities to human protein structures on a proteome-wide scale. Large-scale docking simulations were performed for 7,582 drugs with 19,135 protein structures revealed by AlphaFold (including experimentally unresolved proteins), and machine learning models on the proteome-wide binding affinity score (PBAS) profiles were constructed. We demonstrated the usefulness of the method for predicting the therapeutic indications for 559 diseases and side effects for 285 toxicities. The method enabled to predict drug indications for which the related protein structures had not been experimentally determined and to successfully extract proteins eliciting the side effects. The proposed method will be useful in various applications in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Sawada
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakajiri
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Japan
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Shibata
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamanishi
- Department of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Iizuka, Japan
- Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Japan
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4
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Boncler M, Bartczak K, Rozalski M. Potential for modulation of platelet function via adenosine receptors during inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:547-563. [PMID: 37218380 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, platelets are known to play an important role in haemostasis and thrombosis; however, they serve also as important modulators of inflammation and immunity. Platelets secrete adhesion molecules and cytokines, interact with leukocytes and endothelium, and express toll-like receptors involved in a direct interaction with pathogens. Platelets express A2A and A2B subtypes of receptors for adenosine. The activation of these receptors leads to an increase in cAMP concentration in the cytoplasm, thereby resulting in inhibited secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and reduced cell activation. Therefore, platelet adenosine receptors could be a potential target for inhibiting platelet activation and thus down-regulating inflammation or immunity. The biological effects of adenosine are short-lasting, because the compound is rapidly metabolized; hence, its lability has triggered efforts to synthesize new, longer-lasting adenosine analogues. In this article, we have reviewed the literature regarding the pharmacological potential of adenosine and other agonists of A2A and A2B receptors to affect platelet function during inflammation. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Platelet purinergic receptor and non-thrombotic disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Boncler
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kinga Bartczak
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Rozalski
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Discovery of Novel Dual Adenosine A 2A and A 1 Receptor Antagonists with 1 H-Pyrazolo[3,4 -d]pyrimidin-6-amine Core Scaffold as Anti-Parkinson's Disease Agents. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15080922. [PMID: 35893746 PMCID: PMC9394284 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
New compounds with 1H-pyrazolo [3,4-d]pyrimidin-6-amine core scaffolds were synthesized and characterized in vitro to determine their affinity for human A2A and A1 receptors. Among the tested compounds, a few compounds displayed nanomolar binding affinities for both receptors. One particular compound, 11o, showed high binding activities (hA2A Ki = 13.3 nM; hA1 Ki = 55 nM) and full antagonism (hA2A IC50 = 136 nM; hA1 IC50 = 98.8 nM) toward both receptors. Further tests showed that 11o has low hepatic clearance and good pharmacokinetic properties in mice, along with high bioavailability and a high brain plasma ratio. In addition, 11o was associated with very low cardiovascular risk and mutagenic potential, and was well-tolerated in rats and dogs. When tested in an MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson’s disease, 11o tended to improve behavior. Moreover, 11o dose-dependently reversed haloperidol-induced catalepsy in female rats, with graded ED50 of between 3 and 10 mg/kg. Taken together, these results suggest that this potent dual A2A/A1 receptor antagonist, 11o, is a good candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease with an excellent metabolic and safety profile.
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Sun C, Wang B, Hao S. Adenosine-A2A Receptor Pathway in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837230. [PMID: 35386701 PMCID: PMC8977492 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A2A receptors (A2AR), a typical GPCR with a high affinity for adenosine, was expressed in many immune cells, such as regulatory T cells, cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, etc. Adenosine binding to the A2AR receptor activates the typical G protein and triggers the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway. The adenosine-A2AR pathway plays an important role in protecting normal organs and tissues from the autoimmune response of immune cells. However, many solid tumors hijack the adenosine-A2AR pathway by promoting adenosine accumulation. The activation of the A2AR pathway inhibited the immune response of immune cells and then promotes the immune escape of tumor cells in the tumor microenvironment. Recently, both animal experiments and clinical trials indicated that blocking the adenosine pathway can inhibit the progression of a variety of solid tumors. In addition, it is encouraging that A2AR blockade combined with CAR T cells therapy showed better anti-tumor efficacy. Therefore, this review will discuss the role of the adenosine-A2AR pathway in the tumor microenvironment and summarize recent advances of A2AR-cancer related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfa Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Sun D, Ko M, Shao H, Kaplan HJ. Adenosine receptor ligation tips the uveitogenic Th1 and Th17 balance towards the latter in experimental autoimmune uveitis-induced mouse. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:93-103. [PMID: 34825178 PMCID: PMC8612466 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Various pathological conditions are accompanied by release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment, where it degrades into adenosine and modulates immune responses. Previous studies concluded that both ATP and its degradation product adenosine are important immune-regulatory molecules; ATP acted as a danger signal that promotes immune responses, but adenosine's effect was inhibitory. We show that adenosine receptor ligation plays an important role in balancing Th1 and Th17 pathogenic T cell responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). While its effect on Th1 responses is inhibitory, its effect on Th17 responses is enhancing, thereby impacting the balance between Th1 and Th17 responses. Mechanistic studies showed that this effect is mediated via several immune cells, among which γδ T cell activation and dendritic cell differentiation are prominent; adenosine- and γδ-mediated immunoregulation synergistically impact each other's effect. Adenosine receptor ligation augments the activation of γδ T cells, which is an important promoter for Th17 responses and has a strong effect on dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, tipping the balance from generation of DCs that stimulate Th1 responses to those that stimulate Th17 responses. The knowledge acquired in this study should improve our understanding of the immune-regulatory effect of extracellular ATP-adenosine metabolism and improve treatment for autoimmune diseases caused by both Th1-and Th17-type pathogenic T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
- Corresponding author. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA90033, USA.
| | - Minhee Ko
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Saint Louis University (SLU) Eye Institute, SLU School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, United States
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Mödinger Y, Schön C, Wilhelm M, Pickel C, Grothe T. A Food Supplement with Antioxidative Santa Herba Extract Modulates Energy Metabolism and Contributes to Weight Management. J Med Food 2021; 24:1235-1242. [PMID: 34255555 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Santa herba (Eriodictyon californicum) contains high flavonoids, thus potentially exerting beneficial effects in context of obesity, often accompanied by inflammation and metabolic imbalance. The study assessed the impact of Santa herba on oxidative stress, energy metabolism, weight reduction, and eating behavior, combining in vitro models with clinical data. Santa herba binding of the adenosine receptor A2A (ADORA2A) was assessed using a radioligand binding assay. A Caenorhabditis elegans model was used to determine mobility boosting effects, and Santa herba oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values were determined in comparison to antioxidative plants. Clinical data, that is, body weight and appetite-related parameters, were obtained from overweight and obese women receiving either Santa herba or placebo for 12 weeks. Results showed that Santa herba extract binds to ADORA2A, stimulates C. elegans motility (+7.5%) and locomotion, and yields high antioxidative capacities (ORAC: 819 trolox equivalent). Clinical data, obtained from 24 overweight and 25 obese women (mean: 47.5 years), demonstrated a reduced body weight (P = .042) and body fat (P = .044), and by trend reduced leptin levels (P = .065) in women with obesity after Santa herba consumption compared to placebo. In conclusion, Santa herba extract has energizing and antioxidative properties and may aid in weight management of people with obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03853603.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Department of Mathematics, Natural and Economic Sciences, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
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Ko MK, Shao H, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Timing Effect of Adenosine-Directed Immunomodulation on Mouse Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:153-161. [PMID: 34127521 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is an important regulatory molecule of the immune response. We have previously reported that treatment of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU)-prone mice with an adenosine-degrading enzyme (adenosine deaminase) prohibited EAU development by inhibiting Th17 pathogenic T cell responses. To further validate that the targeting of adenosine or adenosine receptors effectively modulates Th17 responses, we investigated the effect of adenosine receptor antagonists. In this study, we show that the A2AR antagonist SCH 58261 (SCH) effectively modulates aberrant Th17 responses in induced EAU. However, timing of the treatment is important. Whereas SCH inhibits EAU when administered during the active disease stage, it did not do so if administered during quiescent disease stages, thus implying that the existing immune status influences the therapeutic effect. Mechanistic studies showed that inhibition of γδ T cell activation is crucially involved in adenosine-based treatment. Adenosine is an important costimulator of γδ T cell activation, which is essential for promoting Th17 responses. During ongoing disease stages, adenosine synergizes with existing high levels of cytokines, leading to augmented γδ T cell activation and Th17 responses, but in quiescent disease stages, when existing cytokine levels are low, adenosine does not enhance γδ T cell activation. Our results demonstrated that blockade of the synergistic effect between adenosine and inflammatory cytokines at active disease stages can ameliorate high-degree γδ T cell activation and, thus, suppress Th17 pathogenic T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhee K Ko
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY; and
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Saint Louis University Eye Institute, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA;
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Ko MK, Shao H, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. CD73 + Dendritic Cells in Cascading Th17 Responses of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis-Induced Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:601272. [PMID: 33343573 PMCID: PMC7738634 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.601272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that CD73 is pivotal in the conversion of pro-inflammatory adenosine triphosphate into anti-inflammatory adenosine and that immune cells of the same type that express different levels of CD73 are functionally distinct. In this study we show that adenosine enhances the Th17 promoting effect of dendritic cells (DCs), and DCs expressing CD73 critically augment Th17 responses. Bone marrow dendritic cells (BMDCs) do not constantly express CD73; however, a significant portion of the BMDCs expressed CD73 after exposure to Toll-like receptor ligand, leading to stronger Th17 responses by converting adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. We show that the CD73+ BMDCs play a critical role in cascading Th17 responses, and CD73+ BMDCs are functionally augmented after treatment with Toll-like receptor ligand. Splenic antigen presenting cells (DCs) of CD73−/− mouse have a poor Th17-stimulating effect, even after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or γδ T cells, indicating that induction of CD73+ DCs is critically involved in augmented Th17 responses. We conclude that CD73+ DCs critically trigger cascading Th17 responses, and the activated Th17 cells that express CD73 further augment Th17 responses, leading to cascading exacerbation. Hence, disabling the CD73 function of DCs should block this cascading response and mitigate Th17 responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- MinHee K Ko
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Henry J Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint Louis University (SLU) Eye Institute, SLU School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, United States
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Μaione F, Colucci M, Raucci F, Mangano G, Marzoli F, Mascolo N, Crocetti L, Giovannoni MP, Di Giannuario A, Pieretti S. New insights on the arylpiperazinylalkyl pyridazinone ET1 as potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory agent. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173572. [PMID: 32946866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyridazine derivatives, such as arylpiperazinylalkyl pyridazinones, display antinociceptive effects to thermal and chemical stimuli. Here, we extended our previous knowledge on the pharmacological profile of 4-amino-6-methyl-2-(3-(4-(4-methylcyclohexa-1,3-dien-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl)propyl)-5-vinylpyridazin-3(2H)-one, here referred as ET1, paving the way for the comprehension of its complete mechanism of action. To this aim, we have evaluated the mouse behavioural responses in several animal models of pain, the effect of ET1 in the murine model of zymosan-induced paw oedema and air-pouch, assessing the cytokines and the cellular phenotype and finally, an in vitro radioligand binding study was performed on a panel of 30 different receptors. In the formalin test, ET1 reduced both neurogenic and inflammatory phase of nociception induced by the aldehyde. Similarly, ET1 strongly reduced paw licking response in the capsaicin test, the abdominal stretching in the writhing test and the carrageenan-induced thermal hyperalgesia. ET1 also evoked a long-lasting reduction of thermal hyperalgesia. Furthermore, ET1 produced a long-lasting anti-inflammatory effect in the zymosan-induced mouse paw oedema and air-pouch through the selective inhibition of inflammatory monocytes recruitment and the modulation of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1. Binding experiments confirmed an inhibitory effect on adrenergic α1A, α1B and α2A receptors subtypes and, for the first time, a moderate affinity was observed for the following receptors: histamine H1, imidazoline I2, sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 and σ2. These results prompt ET1 as a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent, and support the possibility that it may be suitable for clinical applications in a wide-range of inflammatory-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Μaione
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariantonella Colucci
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Raucci
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgina Mangano
- Angelini RR&D (Regulatory, Research & Development), Angelini Pharma S.p.A., Piazzale della Stazione SNC, S. Palomba-Pomezia, Rome, 00071, Italy
| | - Francesca Marzoli
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Mascolo
- ImmunoPharmaLab, Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Letizia Crocetti
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Giovannoni
- NEUROFARBA, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Amalia Di Giannuario
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Li X, Liang D, Shao H, Born WK, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Adenosine receptor activation in the Th17 autoimmune responses of experimental autoimmune uveitis. Cell Immunol 2019; 339:24-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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13
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Liang D, Shao H, Born WK, O’Brien RL, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Connection between γδ T-cell- and Adenosine- Mediated Immune Regulation in the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Crit Rev Immunol 2018; 38:233-243. [PMID: 30004859 PMCID: PMC6361114 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2018026150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory effects of γδ T-cells on immune responses have been studied for years. We have investigated the regulatory effect of γδ T-cells on Th1 and Th17 autoimmune responses, and have studied molecular and cellular mechanisms by which γδ T-cells enhance or inhibit immune responses, exploiting a well-characterized murine model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Our results show that (1) aberrant γδ T-cell activation is an important pathogenic event in EAU; (2) γδ T-cells have a unique regulatory effect on Th17 autoimmune responses, which is shaped by the activation status of γδ T-cells; and (3) γδ-mediated immunoregulation is closely linked with the extracellular adenosine metabolism. Reciprocal interactions between γδ T-cells and extracellular adenosine partially determine the development of EAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Willi K. Born
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Rebecca L. O’Brien
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
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Fuentes F, Alarcón M, Badimon L, Fuentes M, Klotz KN, Vilahur G, Kachler S, Padró T, Palomo I, Fuentes E. Guanosine exerts antiplatelet and antithrombotic properties through an adenosine-related cAMP-PKA signaling. Int J Cardiol 2017; 248:294-300. [PMID: 28811090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guanosine is a natural product and an endogenous nucleoside that has shown to increase during myocardial ischemia. Platelets are critically involved in ischemic coronary events. It remains unknown, however, whether guanosine may affect platelet activation and function. We sought to investigate the potential antiplatelet and antithrombotic properties of guanosine and decipher the mechanisms behind. METHODS We firstly assessed the effects of guanosine on platelet activation/aggregation upon stimulation with several platelet agonists including adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, arachidonic acid (AA), and TRAP-6. Guanosine antithrombotic potential was also evaluated both in vitro (Badimon perfusion chamber) and in vivo (murine model). In addition we assessed any potential effect on bleeding. At a mechanistic level we determined the release of thromboxane B2, intraplatelet cAMP levels, the binding affinity on platelet membrane, and the activation/phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA), phospholipase C (PLC) and PKC. RESULTS Guanosine markedly inhibited platelet activation/aggregation-challenged by ADP and, although to a lesser extent, also reduced platelet aggregation challenged by collagen, AA and TRAP-6. Guanosine significantly reduced thrombus formation both in vitro and in vivo without significantly affects bleeding. Guanosine antiplatelet effects were associated with the activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, and a reduction in thromboxane B2 levels and PLC and PKC phosphorylation. The platelet aggregation and binding affinity assays revealed that guanosine effects on platelets were mediated by adenosine. CONCLUSION Guanosine effectively reduces ADP-induced platelet aggregation and limits thrombotic risk. These antithrombotic properties are associated with the activation of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Fuentes
- Becario Obstetricia y Ginecología, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Platelet Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC,IIB-Sant Pau, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiovascular Research Chair, Universidad Autónoma Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Platelet Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC,IIB-Sant Pau, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Padró
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC,IIB-Sant Pau, CIBERCV, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iván Palomo
- Platelet Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Platelet Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001 Talca, Chile; Núcleo Científico Multidisciplinario, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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15
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Varano F, Catarzi D, Vincenzi F, Betti M, Falsini M, Ravani A, Borea PA, Colotta V, Varani K. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Characterization of 2-(2-Furanyl)thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-5,7-diamine Derivatives: New Highly Potent A 2A Adenosine Receptor Inverse Agonists with Antinociceptive Activity. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10564-10576. [PMID: 27933962 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we describe the design and synthesis of new N5-substituted-2-(2-furanyl) thiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-5,7-diamines (2-18) and their pharmacological characterization as A2A adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists by using in vitro and in vivo assays. In competition binding experiments two derivatives (13 and 14) emerged as outstanding ligands showing two different affinity values (KH and KL) for the hA2A receptor with the high affinity KH value in the femtomolar range. The in vitro functional activity assays, performed by using cyclic AMP experiments, assessed that they behave as potent inverse agonists at the hA2A AR. Compounds 13 and 14 were evaluated for their antinociceptive activity in acute experimental models of pain showing an effect equal to or greater than that of morphine. Overall, these novel inverse agonists might represent potential drug candidates for an alternative approach to the management of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara , via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Betti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Matteo Falsini
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ravani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara , via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara , via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze , via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara , via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
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Abstract
Cellular stress or apoptosis triggers the release of ATP, ADP and other nucleotides into the extracellular space. Extracellular nucleotides function as autocrine and paracrine signalling molecules by activating cell-surface P2 purinergic receptors that elicit pro-inflammatory immune responses. Over time, extracellular nucleotides are metabolized to adenosine, leading to reduced P2 signalling and increased signalling through anti-inflammatory adenosine (P1 purinergic) receptors. Here, we review how local purinergic signalling changes over time during tissue responses to injury or disease, and we discuss the potential of targeting purinergic signalling pathways for the immunotherapeutic treatment of ischaemia, organ transplantation, autoimmunity or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caglar Cekic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Joel Linden
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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17
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Burnstock G. Blood cells: an historical account of the roles of purinergic signalling. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:411-34. [PMID: 26260710 PMCID: PMC4648797 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of purinergic signalling in the physiology of erythrocytes, platelets and leukocytes was recognised early. The release of ATP and the expression of purinoceptors and ectonucleotidases on erythrocytes in health and disease are reviewed. The release of ATP and ADP from platelets and the expression and roles of P1, P2Y(1), P2Y(12) and P2X1 receptors on platelets are described. P2Y(1) and P2X(1) receptors mediate changes in platelet shape, while P2Y(12) receptors mediate platelet aggregation. The changes in the role of purinergic signalling in a variety of disease conditions are considered. The successful use of P2Y(12) receptor antagonists, such as clopidogrel and ticagrelor, for the treatment of thrombosis, myocardial infarction and stroke is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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18
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Effects of a Proprietary Standardized Orthosiphon stamineus Ethanolic Leaf Extract on Enhancing Memory in Sprague Dawley Rats Possibly via Blockade of Adenosine A 2A Receptors. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:375837. [PMID: 26649059 PMCID: PMC4655036 DOI: 10.1155/2015/375837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore a propriety standardized ethanolic extract from leaves of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth in improving impairments in short-term social memory in vivo, possibly via blockade of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). The ethanolic extract of O. stamineus leaves showed significant in vitro binding activity of A2AR with 74% inhibition at 150 μg/ml and significant A2AR antagonist activity with 98% inhibition at 300 μg/mL. A significant adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) antagonist activity with 100% inhibition was observed at 300 μg/mL. Its effect on learning and memory was assessed via social recognition task using Sprague Dawley rats whereby the ethanolic extract of O. stamineus showed significant (p < 0.001) change in recognition index (RI) at 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg p.o and 120 mg/kg i.p., respectively, compared to the vehicle control. In comparison, the ethanolic extract of Polygonum minus aerial parts showed small change in inflexion; however, it remained insignificant in RI at 200 mg/kg p.o. Our findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of O. stamineus leaves improves memory by reversing age-related deficits in short-term social memory and the possible involvement of adenosine A1 and adenosine A2A as a target bioactivity site in the restoration of memory.
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Preti D, Baraldi PG, Saponaro G, Romagnoli R, Aghazadeh Tabrizi M, Baraldi S, Cosconati S, Bruno A, Novellino E, Vincenzi F, Ravani A, Borea PA, Varani K. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 2-((2-(4-(substituted)phenylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl)amino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosines as potent and selective agonists of the A2A adenosine receptor. J Med Chem 2015; 58:3253-67. [PMID: 25780876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of A2A adenosine receptors (AR) promotes anti-inflammatory responses in animal models of allergic rhinitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and rheumatic diseases. Herein we describe the results of a research program aimed at identifying potent and selective agonists of the A2AAR as potential anti-inflammatory agents. The recent crystallographic analysis of A2AAR agonists and antagonists in complex with the receptor provided key information on the structural determinants leading to receptor activation or blocking. In light of this, we designed a new series of 2-((4-aryl(alkyl)piperazin-1-yl)alkylamino)-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosines with high A2AAR affinity, activation potency and selectivity obtained by merging distinctive structural elements of known agonists and antagonists of the investigated target. Docking-based SAR optimization allowed us to identify compound 42 as one of the most potent and selective A2A agonist discovered so far (Ki hA2AAR = 4.8 nM, EC50 hA2AAR = 4.9 nM, Ki hA1AR > 10 000 nM, Ki hA3AR = 1487 nM, EC50 hA2BAR > 10 000 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Preti
- †Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giovanni Baraldi
- †Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giulia Saponaro
- †Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Romeo Romagnoli
- †Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mojgan Aghazadeh Tabrizi
- †Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stefania Baraldi
- †Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sandro Cosconati
- §DiSTABiF, Seconda Università di Napoli, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Agostino Bruno
- ∥Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- ∥Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ravani
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Andrea Borea
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Katia Varani
- ‡Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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20
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Liang D, Zuo A, Shao H, Chen M, Kaplan HJ, Sun D. Roles of the adenosine receptor and CD73 in the regulatory effect of γδ T cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108932. [PMID: 25268760 PMCID: PMC4182534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), the main functional adenosine receptor on murine T cells, plays a unique role in the attenuation of inflammation and tissue damage in vivo. Here, we showed that, of the immune cell types tested, activated γδ T cells expressed the highest levels of A2AR mRNA and that A2AR ligation inhibited αβ T cell activation, but enhanced γδ T cell activation. We also showed that the inhibitory effect of an adenosine receptor agonist on autoreactive T cells was prevented by addition of a low percentage of activated γδ T cells. Furthermore, compared to resting cells, activated γδ T cells expressed significantly lower levels of CD73, an enzyme involved in the generation of extracellular adenosine. Exogenous AMP had a significant inhibitory effect on autoreactive T cell responses, but only in the presence of CD73+ γδ T cells, and this effect was abolished by a CD73 inhibitor. Our results show that expression of increased amounts of A2AR allows γδ T cells to bind adenosine and thereby attenuate its suppressive effect, while decreased expression of CD73 results in less generation of adenosine in the inflammatory site. Together, these events allow activated γδ T cells to acquire increased proinflammatory activity, leading to augmented autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Aijun Zuo
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Mingjiazi Chen
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Henry J. Kaplan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Deming Sun
- Doheny Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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21
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Endo K, Deguchi K, Matsunaga H, Tomaya K, Yamada K. 8-Substituted 2-alkynyl-N9-propargyladenines as A2A adenosine receptor antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3072-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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22
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Amanlou M, Saboury AA, Bazl R, Ganjali MR, Sheibani S. Adenosine deaminase activity modulation by some street drug: molecular docking simulation and experimental investigation. Daru 2014; 22:42. [PMID: 24887139 PMCID: PMC4028107 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-22-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an enzyme that plays important roles in proliferation, maturation, function and development of the immune system. ADA activity may be altered by variety of substances including synthetic or natural products. Morphine, cocaine and their analogs exert immune suppressive activities by decreasing immune system function. The purpose of this study is to confirm that this possible effect may be modulated by interaction of these substances with ADA activity by experimental and computational method. METHODS The structural changes in ADA have been studied in presence of cocaine, ethylmorphine, homatropine, morphine and thebaine by determination of ADA hydrolytic activity, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy in different concentrations. Docking study was performed to evaluate interaction method of test compound with ADA active site using AutoDock4 software. RESULTS According to in-vitro studies all compounds inhibited ADA with different potencies, however thebaine activated it at concentration below 50 μM, ethylmorphine inhibited ADA at 35 μM. Moreover, fluorescence spectra patterns were differed from compounds based on structural resemblance which were very considerable for cocaine and homatropine. CONCLUSION The results of this study confirms that opioids and some other stimulant drugs such as cocaine can alter immune function in illegal drug abusers. These findings may lead other investigators to develop a new class of ADA activators or inhibitors in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massoud Amanlou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Bazl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shokoofeh Sheibani
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Leoni A, Locatelli A, Morigi R, Rambaldi M. Novel thiazole derivatives: a patent review (2008 – 2012. Part 2). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2014; 24:759-77. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2014.910196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Kumari N, Mishra CB, Prakash A, Kumar N, Mongre R, Luthra PM. 8-(Furan-2-yl)-3-phenethylthiazolo[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-2(3H)-thione as novel, selective and potent adenosine A(2A) receptor antagonist. Neurosci Lett 2013; 558:203-7. [PMID: 24161891 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antagonism of the human A2A receptor has been implicated to alleviate the symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease. The present finding reveals the potential of PTTP (8-(furan-2-yl)-3-phenethylthiazolo[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-2(3H)-thione) as novel and potent A2AR antagonist. In radioligand binding assay, PTTP showed significantly high binding affinity (Ki 6.3 nM) and selectivity with A2AR (A1R/A2AR=4603) which was comparable to the results of docking analysis (Ki=1.6 nM, ΔG=-14.52 Kcal/mol). PTTP antagonized (0.46 pmol/ml) the effect of NECA-induced increase in cAMP concentration (0.65 pmol/ml) better than SCH58261 (0.55 pmol/ml) in HEK293T cells. Haloperidol and NECA-induced mice pre-treated with PTTP at 10mg/kg showed attenuation in catalepsy and akinesia without significant neurotoxicity in rotarod test at 20mg/kg. Essentially, novel compound demonstrated remarkable potential as A2AR antagonist in the therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Kumari
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rajkumar Mongre
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pratibha Mehta Luthra
- Neuropharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, North Campus, Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India.
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Banda V, Chandrasekaran B, Köse M, Vielmuth C, Müller CE, Chavva K, Gautham SK, Pillalamarri S, Mylavaram R, Akkinepally R, Pamulaparthy S, Banda N. Synthesis of Novel Pyrido[3,2-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine Derivatives: Potent and Selective Adenosine A3Receptor Antagonists. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:699-707. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veeraswamy Banda
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Balakumar Chandrasekaran
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Pharmaceutical Sciences (UGC-CAS); Panjab University; Chandigarh Punjab India
| | - Meryem Köse
- PharmaCenter Bonn; University of Bonn; Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; Bonn Germany
| | - Christin Vielmuth
- PharmaCenter Bonn; University of Bonn; Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; Bonn Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn; University of Bonn; Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I; Bonn Germany
| | - Kurumurthy Chavva
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Gautham
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Sambasivarao Pillalamarri
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India
| | | | | | - Shanthanrao Pamulaparthy
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Narsaiah Banda
- Fluoroorganic Division; Indian Institute of Chemical Technology; Tarnaka, Hyderabad Andhra Pradesh India
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Mikus EG, Boér K, Timári G, Urbán-Szabó K, Kapui Z, Szeredi J, Gerber K, Szabó T, Bátori S, Finet M, Arányi P, Galzin AM. Interaction of SSR161421, a novel specific adenosine A(3) receptor antagonist with adenosine A(3) receptor agonists both in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 699:62-6. [PMID: 23219789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel adenosine A(3) receptor antagonist (SSR161421) was characterized by both receptor binding assays and pharmacological tests. Binding studies on cloned human adenosine receptors showed that SSR161421 has high affinity for adenosine hA(3) receptors (K(i)=0.37 nM) with at least 1000-fold selectivity compared to hA(1), hA(2A) and hA(2B) receptors. The receptor antagonist nature of SSR161421 was determined in a functional study on Chinese hamster ovarian cells (CHO) cells expressing human adenosine A(3) receptors. SSR161421 competitively antagonized the effect of 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methylcarboxamide (Cl-IB-MECA) on cAMP production with a pA2 value in a luciferase reporter gene construct. In mice, intravenously administered SSR161421 inhibited the N6-(4-aminobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyl-uronamide dihydrochloride (AB-MECA) induced increase in plasma histamine levels (ED(50)=2.0mg/kg) and the Cl-IB-MECA evoked plasma extravasation (ID(50)=2.9 mg/kg) and oedema formation (ID(50)=4.6 mg/kg) in mouse ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre G Mikus
- Sanofi Co. Ltd., H-1045 Budapest Tó utca 1-5, Hungary.
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Salom D, Cao P, Sun W, Kramp K, Jastrzebska B, Jin H, Feng Z, Palczewski K. Heterologous expression of functional G-protein-coupled receptors in Caenorhabditis elegans. FASEB J 2011; 26:492-502. [PMID: 22090314 DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-197780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New strategies for expression, purification, functional characterization, and structural determination of membrane-spanning G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are constantly being developed because of their importance to human health. Here, we report a Caenorhabditis elegans heterologous expression system able to produce milligram amounts of functional native and engineered GPCRs. Both bovine opsin [(b)opsin] and human adenosine A(2A) subtype receptor [(h)A(2A)R] expressed in neurons or muscles of C. elegans were localized to cell membranes. Worms expressing these GPCRs manifested changes in motor behavior in response to light and ligands, respectively. With a newly devised protocol, 0.6-1 mg of purified homogenous 9-cis-retinal-bound bovine isorhodopsin [(b)isoRho] and ligand-bound (h)A(2A)R were obtained from C. elegans from one 10-L fermentation at low cost. Purified recombinant (b)isoRho exhibited its signature absorbance spectrum and activated its cognate G-protein transducin in vitro at a rate similar to native rhodopsin (Rho) obtained from bovine retina. Generally high expression levels of 11 native and mutant GPCRs demonstrated the potential of this C. elegans system to produce milligram quantities of high-quality GPCRs and possibly other membrane proteins suitable for detailed characterization.
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Mi Q, Chen N, Shaifta Y, Xie L, Lu H, Liu Z, Chen Q, Hamid C, Becker S, Ji Y, Ferro A. Activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase is dependent on its interaction with globular actin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2011; 51:419-27. [PMID: 21741389 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been reported to associate with globular actin, and this association increases eNOS activity. Adenosine, histamine, salbutamol and thrombin cause activation of eNOS through widely different mechanisms. Whether these eNOS agonists can regulate eNOS activity through affecting its association with actin is unknown. As previously reported, we confirmed in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) that histamine and thrombin increased intracellular Ca(2+) whereas adenosine and salbutamol did not, and that these four agonists caused different effects on actin filament structure. Nevertheless, despite their divergent effects on intracellular Ca(2+) and on actin filament structure, we found by immunoprecipitation that adenosine, histamine, salbutamol and thrombin all caused an increase in association between eNOS and globular actin. This increase of association was inhibited by pre-treatment with phalloidin, an actin filament stabilizer. All of these agonists also increased phosphorylation of eNOS on serine residue 1177, eNOS activity, and cyclic guanosine-3', 5'-monophosphate, and these increases were all attenuated by phalloidin. Agonist-induced phosphorylation of eNOS on serine 1177 was attenuated by Akt inhibition, whereas association of eNOS with actin was not. We also found, in HEK-293 cells transfected with the eNOS mutants eNOS-S1177A or eNOS-S1177D, that the association between eNOS and globular actin was decreased as compared to cells transfected with wild-type eNOS. We conclude that association of globular actin with eNOS plays an essential and necessary role in agonist-induced eNOS activation, through enabling its phosphorylation by Akt at serine residue 1177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyu Mi
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Huang NK, Lin JH, Lin JT, Lin CI, Liu EM, Lin CJ, Chen WP, Shen YC, Chen HM, Chen JB, Lai HL, Yang CW, Chiang MC, Wu YS, Chang C, Chen JF, Fang JM, Lin YL, Chern Y. A new drug design targeting the adenosinergic system for Huntington's disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20934. [PMID: 21713039 PMCID: PMC3119665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG trinucleotide expansion in the Huntingtin (Htt) gene. The expanded CAG repeats are translated into polyglutamine (polyQ), causing aberrant functions as well as aggregate formation of mutant Htt. Effective treatments for HD are yet to be developed. Methodology/Principal Findings Here, we report a novel dual-function compound, N6-(4-hydroxybenzyl)adenine riboside (designated T1-11) which activates the A2AR and a major adenosine transporter (ENT1). T1-11 was originally isolated from a Chinese medicinal herb. Molecular modeling analyses showed that T1-11 binds to the adenosine pockets of the A2AR and ENT1. Introduction of T1-11 into the striatum significantly enhanced the level of striatal adenosine as determined by a microdialysis technique, demonstrating that T1-11 inhibited adenosine uptake in vivo. A single intraperitoneal injection of T1-11 in wildtype mice, but not in A2AR knockout mice, increased cAMP level in the brain. Thus, T1-11 enters the brain and elevates cAMP via activation of the A2AR in vivo. Most importantly, addition of T1-11 (0.05 mg/ml) to the drinking water of a transgenic mouse model of HD (R6/2) ameliorated the progressive deterioration in motor coordination, reduced the formation of striatal Htt aggregates, elevated proteasome activity, and increased the level of an important neurotrophic factor (brain derived neurotrophic factor) in the brain. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of T1-11 for treating HD. Conclusions/Significance The dual functions of T1-11 enable T1-11 to effectively activate the adenosinergic system and subsequently delay the progression of HD. This is a novel therapeutic strategy for HD. Similar dual-function drugs aimed at a particular neurotransmitter system as proposed herein may be applicable to other neurotransmitter systems (e.g., the dopamine receptor/dopamine transporter and the serotonin receptor/serotonin transporter) and may facilitate the development of new drugs for other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Kuei Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsin Lin
- Division of Mechanics, Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Tsai Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-I Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eric Minwei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Ping Chen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Bin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Lin Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Wen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shuo Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YC); (YLL); (JMF)
| | - Yun-Lian Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YC); (YLL); (JMF)
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YC); (YLL); (JMF)
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Chen JB, Liu EM, Chern TR, Yang CW, Lin CI, Huang NK, Lin YL, Chern Y, Lin JH, Fang JM. Design and Synthesis of Novel Dual-Action Compounds Targeting the Adenosine A2A Receptor and Adenosine Transporter for Neuroprotection. ChemMedChem 2011; 6:1390-400. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 05/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Evaluation of anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects of cilostazol with PFA-100® and Multiplate® whole blood aggregometer in vitro, ex vivo and FeCl3-induced thrombosis models in vivo. Thromb Res 2011; 127:565-70. [PMID: 21420150 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the anti-platelet and anti-thrombotic effects of cilostazol using Multiplate® and PFA-100® in vitro and ex vivo with freshly isolated rat whole blood and in vivo venous and arterial thrombosis models in the same species, in an effort to assess the sensitivity of the whole blood aggregometer assays without potential issues of species differences. In vitro assay of anti-platelet effects of cilostazol against collagen-induced aggregation using Multiplate® produced a graded dose-dependent inhibition curve with IC50 value of 75.4 ± 2.4 μM while it showed a highly sensitive and all-or-none type inhibition response from 25 μM in PFA-100®. Interestingly, cilostazol manifested anti-thrombotic effects in vivo at much lower plasma concentrations than the effective concentrations measured in ex vivo or in vitro aggregation tests using PFA-100® or Multiplate®. In addition, the tail bleeding time measurement demonstrated that rats have lower sensitivity to the anti-platelet effects of cilostazol than mice. These results suggest that the detailed comparative evaluation of whole blood aggregometer assays with anti-thrombotic effects in vivo should be preceded before the application of these methods for the pharmacodynamic studies of anti-thrombotic agents.
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Palu A, Su C, Zhou BN, West B, Jensen J. Wound healing effects of noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) leaves: a mechanism involving its PDGF/A2A receptor ligand binding and promotion of wound closure. Phytother Res 2011; 24:1437-41. [PMID: 20878690 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae) commonly known as noni, has been used in Polynesia by traditional healers for the treatment of cuts, bruises and wounds. Our objective was to investigate the wound-healing mechanisms of the noni leaf. The investigations of its wound-healing mechanisms were carried out using fresh noni leaf juice (NLJ), noni leaf ethanol extract (NLEE) and its methanol (MFEE) and hexane (HFEE) fractions on the PDGF and A(2A) receptors in vitro and topically in mice. Fresh noni leaf juice showed significant affinity to PDGF receptors, and displayed 166% binding inhibition of the ligand binding to its receptors, while at the same concentration, it only had 7% inhibition of the ligand binding to the A(2A) receptors. NLEE, HFEE and MFEE showed significant affinity to A(2A) receptors, concentration dependently, with IC(50) values of 34.1, 42.9 and 86.7 μg/mL, respectively. However, MFEE significantly increased wound closure and reduced the half closure time in mice with a CT(50) of 5.4 ± 0.2 days compared with control (p < 0.05). These results suggest that noni leaf significantly accelerated wound healing in mice via its ligand binding to the PDGF and A(2A) receptors as its probable mechanisms of wound-healing and also support its traditional usage for wound-healing in Polynesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afa Palu
- Tahitian Noni International, R&D, American Fork, Utah, USA.
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De Mattei M, Varani K, Masieri FF, Pellati A, Ongaro A, Fini M, Cadossi R, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Caruso A. Adenosine analogs and electromagnetic fields inhibit prostaglandin E2 release in bovine synovial fibroblasts. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009; 17:252-62. [PMID: 18640059 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of adenosine analogs and electromagnetic field (EMF) stimulation on prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) release and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in bovine synovial fibroblasts (SFs). METHODS SFs isolated from synovia were cultured in monolayer. Saturation and binding experiments were performed by using typical adenosine agonists: N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA, A(1)), 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)-phenetyl-amino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (CGS 21680, A(2A)), 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA, non-selective), N6-(3-iodobenzyl)2-chloroadenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA, A(3)). SFs were treated with TNF-alpha (10 ng/ml) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 microg/ml) to activate inflammatory response. Adenosine analogs were added to control and TNF-alpha- or LPS-treated cultures both in the absence and in the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) which is used to deplete endogenous adenosine. Parallel cultures were exposed to EMFs (75 Hz, 1.5 mT) during the period in culture (24h). PGE(2) release was measured by immunoassay. COX-2 expression was evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS TNF-alpha and LPS stimulated PGE(2) release. All adenosine agonists, except for Cl-IB-MECA, significantly inhibited PGE(2) production. EMFs inhibited PGE(2) production in the absence of adenosine agonists and increased the effects of CHA, CGS 21680 and NECA. In ADA, the inhibition on PGE(2) release induced by CHA, CGS and NECA was stronger than in the absence of ADA and the EMF-inhibitory effect was lost. Changes in PGE(2) levels were associated to modification of COX-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study supports anti-inflammatory activities of A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptors and EMFs in bovine SFs. EMF activity appears mediated by an EMF-induced up-regulation of A(2A) receptors. Biophysical and/or pharmacological modulation of adenosine pathways may play an important role to control joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M De Mattei
- Department of Morphology and Embryology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Kayhan N, Funke B, Conzelmann LO, Winkler H, Hofer S, Steppan J, Schmidt H, Bardenheuer H, Vahl CF, Weigand MA. The adenosine deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-[2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl]-adenine decreases intestinal permeability and protects against experimental sepsis: a prospective, randomised laboratory investigation. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2008; 12:R125. [PMID: 18847498 PMCID: PMC2592762 DOI: 10.1186/cc7033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The treatment of septic conditions in critically ill patients is still one of medicine's major challenges. Cyclic nucleotides, adenosine and its receptors play a pivotal role in the regulation of inflammatory responses and in limiting inflammatory tissue destruction. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that adenosine deaminase-1 and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-stimulated phosphodiesterase inhibition by erythro-9-[2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl]-adenine could be beneficial in experimental endotoxicosis/sepsis. METHOD We used two established animal models for endotoxicosis and sepsis. Twenty-four male Wistar rats that had been given intravenous endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide) were treated with either erythro-9-[2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl]-adenine infusion or 0.9% saline during a study length of 120 minutes. Sepsis in 84 female C57BL/6 mice was induced by caecal ligation and puncture. Animals were treated with repeated erythro-9-[2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl]-adenine injections after 0, 12 and 24 hours or 4, 12 and 24 hours for delayed treatment. RESULTS In endotoxaemic rats, intestinal production of hypoxanthine increased from 9.8 +/- 90.2 micromol/l at baseline to 411.4 +/- 124.6 micromol/l and uric acid formation increased from 1.5 +/- 2.3 mmol/l to 13.1 +/- 2.7 mmol/l after 120 minutes. In endotoxaemic animals treated with erythro-9-[2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl]-adenine, we found no elevation of adenosine metabolites. The lactulose/L-rhamnose ratio (14.3 versus 4.2 in control animals; p = 2.5 x 10(-7)) reflects a highly permeable small intestine and through the application of erythro-9-[2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl]-adenine, intestinal permeability could be re-established. The lipopolysaccharide animals had decreased L-rhamnose/3-O-methyl-D-glucose urine excretion ratios. Erythro-9-[2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl]-adenine reduced this effect. The mucosa damage score of the septic animals was higher compared with control and therapy animals (p < 0.05). Septic shock induction by caecal ligation and puncture resulted in a 160-hour survival rate of about 25%. In contrast, direct adenosine deaminase-1 inhibition resulted in a survival rate of about 75% (p = 0.0018). A protective effect was still present when erythro-9-[2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl]-adenine treatment was delayed for four hours (55%, p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS We present further evidence of the beneficial effects achieved by administering erythro-9-[2-hydroxyl-3-nonyl]-adenine, an adenosine deaminase-1 and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-stimulated phosphodiesterase inhibitor, in an endotoxicosis and sepsis animal model. This suggests a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of septic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Kayhan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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González MP, Terán C, Teijeira M. Search for new antagonist ligands for adenosine receptors from QSAR point of view. How close are we? Med Res Rev 2008; 28:329-71. [PMID: 17668454 DOI: 10.1002/med.20108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In view of the large libraries of nucleoside analogues that are now being handled in organic synthesis, the identification of drug biological activity is advisable prior to synthesis and this can be achieved by employing predictive biological property methods. In this sense, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) or docking approaches have emerged as promising tools. Although a large number of in silico approaches have been described in the literature for the prediction of different biological activities, the use of QSAR applications to develop adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists is not common as for the case of the antibiotics and anticancer compounds for instance. The intention of this review is to summarize the present knowledge concerning computational predictions of new molecules as adenosine receptor antagonists.
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Abstract
Adenosine, long known as a regulator of cardiovascular function, has recently been identified as a significant paracrine inhibitor of inflammation that acts primarily by activation of A2A adenosine receptors (A2AARs) on lymphoid or myeloid cells. In this issue of the JCI, Yang et al. describe a proinflammatory phenotype resulting from deletion of the gene encoding the A2B adenosine receptor (A2BAR) in the mouse, suggesting that activation of the A2BAR can also have antiinflammatory effects (see the related article beginning on page 1913). Nevertheless, the role of the A2BAR remains enigmatic since its activation can either stimulate or inhibit the release of proinflammatory cytokines in different cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Linden
- Department of Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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Martini C, Tuscano D, Trincavelli ML, Cerrai E, Bianchi M, Ciapparelli A, Alessio L, Novelli L, Catena M, Lucacchini A, Cassano GB, Dell'Osso L. Upregulation of A2A adenosine receptors in platelets from patients affected by bipolar disorders under treatment with typical antipsychotics. J Psychiatr Res 2006; 40:81-8. [PMID: 16431220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2004.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs, potent dopamine receptor antagonists, are commonly used in the treatment of psychotic and affective illness. The discovery of antagonistic interactions between A2A adenosine receptors (ARs) and D2 dopamine receptors (DRs) in the central nervous system suggests that the adenosine system may be involved in the pathogenesis of psychiatric and neurological disorders. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that human platelets co-express A2A ARs and D2 DRs assembled into an heteromeric complexes. We also investigated the effects of chronic treatment with either typical or atypical antipsychotics on A2A AR binding parameters and receptors responsiveness in human platelets from patients affected by bipolar disorder. Chronic administration of typical antipsychotics induced a significant upregulation of A2A AR binding sites. Since no effects on A2A AR were obtained following "in vitro" platelet treatment with a typical antipsychotic (haloperidol), we could exclude a direct effect of the drug on A2A AR at the peripheral level. Moreover, typical antipsychotics induced a significant increase in the agonist potency to mediate A2A AR-G protein coupling. On the contrary, chronic treatment with atypical antipsychotics did not induce any significant alterations in A2A AR equilibrium binding parameters and receptor responsiveness suggesting that typical but not atypical antipsychotic drugs induced a selective modification of A2A AR binding parameters in human platelets. These results are in accordance with the literature data describing the selective A2A AR upregulation induced by typical antipsychotics in human striatum suggesting platelets as a peripheral model of the interactions between adenosine and dopamine system occurring in the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Martini
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology and Biotechnology, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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Maglione V, Giallonardo P, Cannella M, Martino T, Frati L, Squitieri F. Adenosine A2A receptor dysfunction correlates with age at onset anticipation in blood platelets of subjects with Huntington's disease. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 139B:101-5. [PMID: 16184606 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) may manifest at an earlier age in affected offspring than in transmitting parents. Earlier onset in successive generations (anticipation) only partially depends on intergenerational parent-child elongation of the CAG expanded mutation. An aberrant amplification of adenosine A(2A) receptor signaling documented in peripheral blood cells of subjects with HD implies that this cellular dysfunction may be related to clinical and genetic features. Prompted by evidence of higher receptor densities in siblings of HD subjects with stronger onset anticipation, in this study we investigated a possible relationship between A(2A) receptor densities and age at onset. We measured adenosine A(2A) receptor densities in blood cell platelets from 32 patients with HD and healthy control siblings, and sought a possible linear correlation between maximum platelet A(2A) receptor binding (B(max)) values for the whole cohort of HD subjects and anticipation in years. The increased B(max) values for the 32 subjects with HD (220 in patients vs. 137 in healthy control subjects, P = 0.0001) correlated significantly with anticipation in years (r2, 0.48, P = 0.0001 by linear correlation analysis). An increased platelet A(2A) receptor B(max) may belong in a cascade of toxic events leading to earlier onset of HD: as such it could be a useful marker of onset anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Maglione
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
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Maglione V, Cannella M, Martino T, De Blasi A, Frati L, Squitieri F. The platelet maximum number of A2A-receptor binding sites (Bmax) linearly correlates with age at onset and CAG repeat expansion in Huntington's disease patients with predominant chorea. Neurosci Lett 2005; 393:27-30. [PMID: 16221531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2005] [Revised: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expanded CAG mutation and may show a heterogeneous clinical presentation. To date, although the age at onset mostly depends on the expanded CAG repeat number, no validated easy-to-test biomarkers exist either for following up patients progression rate or for exactly predicting age at onset (defined as the time when motor clinical manifestations first became noticeable). We tested the function of A(2A) receptor, strongly expressed in the brain striatum and peripheral cells, in patients' blood platelets and confirmed a maximum number of binding sites (B(max)) higher than in controls (216 +/- 9 versus 137 +/- 7; p=0.0001). We found a linear correlation between the receptor B(max) and the expanded CAG repeat number (n=52, r(2)=0.19, p=0.0011). When we selected the patients according to their clinical presentation (according to the predominating motor manifestations) and plotted the receptor B(max) against patients' age at onset, we found a significant linear correlation only when considering those subjects with chorea predominant on all other motor symptoms (n=26, r(2)=0.39, p=0.0007). Because the typical chorea may depend on early dysfunction of the striatum in HD, peripheral A(2A) amplification in blood platelets might reflect a central dysfunction in this part of the brain. Further studies on a larger sample size should confirm whether the analysis of A(2A)-receptor binding in patients' blood could be a useful clinical marker according to the patients' phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Maglione
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS INM Neuromed, Località Camerelle, 86077 Pozzilli, IS, Italy
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Manera C, Betti L, Cavallini T, Giannaccini G, Martinelli A, Ortore G, Saccomanni G, Trincavelli L, Tuccinardi T, Ferrarini PL. 1,8-Naphthyridin-4-one derivatives as new ligands of A2A adenosine receptors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4604-10. [PMID: 16099648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Revised: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,8-naphthyridine derivatives bearing various substituents in position 3, 4, and 7 of the heterocyclic nucleus have been synthesized and evaluated for their affinity at the bovine and human adenosine receptors. The new compounds were found to lack the affinity toward A(1)AR, whereas many of them are able to acquire an interesting affinity and selectivity for the A(2A)AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clementina Manera
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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43
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Asplund Persson A, Zalavary S, Lindström E, Whiss PA, Bengtsson T, Grenegård M. Cross-talk between adenosine and the oxatriazole derivative GEA 3175 in platelets. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 517:149-57. [PMID: 15963495 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2005] [Revised: 05/12/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We examined the interplay between adenosine and the nitric oxide (NO)-containing oxatriazole derivative GEA 3175 in human platelets. The importance of cyclic guanosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cGMP)-inhibited phosphodiesterases (PDEs) was elucidated by treating the platelets with adenosine combined with either GEA 3175 or the PDE3-inhibitor milrinone. The drug combinations provoked similar cyclic adenosine 3'5'-monophosphate (cAMP) responses. On the contrary, cGMP levels were increased only in GEA 3175-treated platelets. Both drug combinations reduced P-selectin exposure, platelet adhesion and fibrinogen-binding. However, adenosine together with GEA 3175 was more effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation and ATP release. Thrombin-induced rises in cytosolic Ca2+ were suppressed by the two drug combinations. Adenosine administered with GEA 3175 was, however, more effective in reducing Ca2+ influx. In conclusion, the interaction between adenosine and GEA 3175 involves cGMP-mediated inhibition of PDE3. The results also imply that inhibition of Ca2+ influx represent another cGMP-specific mechanism that enhances the effect of adenosine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Asplund Persson
- Department of Medicine and Care, Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, S-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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Russo I, Doronzo G, Mattiello L, De Salve A, Trovati M, Anfossi G. The activity of constitutive nitric oxide synthase is increased by the pathway cAMP/cAMP-activated protein kinase in human platelets. New insights into the antiaggregating effects of cAMP-elevating agents. Thromb Res 2005; 114:265-73. [PMID: 15381390 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2004.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Revised: 06/04/2004] [Accepted: 06/17/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Human platelets synthesize nitric oxide (NO) through an endothelial-type NO synthase (ecNOS) activated also by substances enhancing 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentrations, such as catecholamines, beta-adrenoceptor agonists and adenosine. To verify whether cAMP directly activates ecNOS through the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), we evaluated (i) the influence of 8-Br-cAMP, adenosine and forskolin on ecNOS activity and phosphorylation at Ser(1177) and (ii) the effect of PKA inhibition on ecNOS activity. Platelets from 10 healthy male volunteers were used for aggregation studies and measurement of NOS activity (conversion of L-[(3)H]-arginine to L-[(3)H]-citrulline) following exposure to 8-Br-cAMP, adenosine and forskolin, both in the absence and in the presence of the PKA inhibitor Rp-cAMPS (100 micromol/l). The phosphorylation of the PKA substrate vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) at Ser(157) and Ser(239) and of ecNOS at Ser(1177) was evaluated by Western blot. NOS activity (pmol L-citrulline/10(8) platelets) increased from 0.090+/-0.002 to 0.148+/-0.013 with 500 micromol/l 8-Br-cAMP (p<0.0001), to 0.140+/-0.008 with 30 micromol/l adenosine (p<0.0001) and to 0.140+/-0.009 with 10 micromol/l forskolin (p<0.0001). Rp-cAMPS decreased baseline NOS activity from 0.093+/-0.001 to 0.075+/-0.006 (p<0.02) and prevented the stimulation by 8-Br-cAMP, adenosine and forskolin. Platelet exposure to 8-Br-cAMP and forskolin, beside the phosphorylation of the specific PKA substrate VASP, markedly increased the expression of ecNOS protein phosphorylated at Ser(1177). The study shows that NOS activity of human platelets is increased by the cAMP/PKA pathway which is involved in NO synthesis induced by adenosine, forskolin and potentially by every antiaggregating substance enhancing intraplatelet cAMP via receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences of the Turin University, Ospedale San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Regione Gonzole, 10, Orbassano 10043, Turin, Italy
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Yang Z, Day YJ, Toufektsian MC, Ramos SI, Marshall M, Wang XQ, French BA, Linden J. Infarct-sparing effect of A2A-adenosine receptor activation is due primarily to its action on lymphocytes. Circulation 2005; 111:2190-7. [PMID: 15851591 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000163586.62253.a5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A2A-adenosine receptor (A2AAR) activation on reperfusion after ischemia reduces the size of myocardial infarction, but the mechanism of action has not been fully defined. METHODS AND RESULTS We created chimeric mice by bone marrow transplantation from A2AAR-knockout or green fluorescent donor mice to irradiated congenic C57BL/6 (B6) recipients. In the GFP chimeras, we were unable to detect green fluorescent-producing cells in the vascular endothelium, indicating that bone marrow-derived cells were not recruited to endothelium at appreciable levels after bone marrow transplantation and/or acute myocardial infarction. Injection of 5 or 10 microg/kg of a potent and selective agonist of A2AAR, ATL146e, had no effect on hemodynamic parameters but reduced infarct size in B6 mice after 45 minutes of left anterior descending artery occlusion followed by 24 hours of reperfusion to 42.5+/-3.0% and 39.3+/-4.7% of risk region, respectively, compared with 61.0+/-2.3% in vehicle-treated B6 mice (P<0.05). Myocardial myeloperoxidase activity in the risk region measured at 4 hours after reperfusion was significantly reduced by ATL146e. The salutary effects of ATL146e were absent in A2AAR-knockout mice or in mice treated with a selective A2AAR antagonist, ZM241385. ATL146e also reduced infarct size and myeloperoxidase in B6/B6 (donor/recipient) chimeras (P<0.05) but not in A2AAR-knockout/B6 chimeras. In immunocompromised Rag-1-KO mice, infarct size was significantly reduced compared with B6 mice but was not further reduced by ATL146e. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that A2AAR activation on bone marrow-derived cells, specifically T or B lymphocytes, is responsible for the infarct-sparing and antiinflammatory effects of ATL146e administered at the time of reperfusion after coronary occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zequan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville 22903, USA.
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Konno T, Murakami A, Uchibori T, Nagai A, Kogi K, Nakahata N. Involvement of adenosine A2a receptor in intraocular pressure decrease induced by 2-(1-octyn-1-yl)adenosine or 2-(6-cyano-1-hexyn-1-yl)adenosine. J Pharmacol Sci 2005; 97:501-9. [PMID: 15821340 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.fp0040730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to clarify the mechanism for the decrease in intraocular pressure by 2-alkynyladenosine derivatives in rabbits. The receptor binding analysis revealed that 2-(1-octyn-1-yl)adenosine (2-O-Ado) and 2-(6-cyano-1-hexyn-1-yl)adenosine (2-CN-Ado) selectively bound to the A(2a) receptor with a high affinity. Ocular hypotensive responses to 2-O-Ado and 2-CN-Ado were inhibited by the adenosine A(2a)-receptor antagonist 1,3,7-trimethyl-8-(3-chlorostyryl)xanthine (CSC), but not by the adenosine A(1)-receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) or the adenosine A(2b)-receptor antagonist alloxazine. In addition, 2-O-Ado and 2-CN-Ado caused an increase in outflow facility, which was inhibited by CSC, but not by DPCPX or alloxazine. Moreover, 2-O-Ado and 2-CN-Ado increased cAMP in the aqueous humor, and the 2-O-Ado-induced an increase in cAMP was inhibited by CSC. These results suggest that 2-O-Ado and 2-CN-Ado reduced intraocular pressure via an increase in outflow facility. The ocular hypotension may be mainly mediated through the activation of adenosine A(2a) receptor, although a possible involvement of adenosine A(1) receptor cannot be completely ruled out. 2-O-Ado and 2-CN-Ado are useful lead compounds for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Konno
- Drug Research Section II, Fukushima Research Laboratories, Toa Eiyo Ltd., Iizaka, Fukushima, Japan.
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Boess FG, Hendrix M, van der Staay FJ, Erb C, Schreiber R, van Staveren W, de Vente J, Prickaerts J, Blokland A, Koenig G. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 2 increases neuronal cGMP, synaptic plasticity and memory performance. Neuropharmacology 2004; 47:1081-92. [PMID: 15555642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2004] [Revised: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An essential element of the signalling cascade leading to synaptic plasticity is the intracellular second messenger molecule guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP). Using the novel, potent, and selective inhibitor Bay 60-7550, we show that the enzyme 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 2 (PDE2) is responsible for the degradation of newly synthesized cGMP in cultured neurons and hippocampal slices. Inhibition of PDE2 enhanced long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission without altering basal synaptic transmission. Inhibition of PDE2 also improved the performance of rats in social and object recognition memory tasks, and reversed MK801-induced deficits in spontaneous alternation in mice in a T-maze. Our data provide strong evidence that inhibition of PDE2 can improve memory functions by enhancing neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank G Boess
- Bayer Healthcare AG, Pharma Research CNS, 42096 Wuppertal-Elberfeld, Germany
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48
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Varani K, Gessi S, Merighi S, Iannotta V, Cattabriga E, Pancaldi C, Cadossi R, Borea PA. Alteration of A(3) adenosine receptors in human neutrophils and low frequency electromagnetic fields. Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 66:1897-906. [PMID: 14599547 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(03)00454-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the binding and functional characterization of A(3) adenosine receptors in human neutrophils exposed to low frequency, low energy, pulsing electromagnetic fields (PEMFs). Great interest has grown concerning the use of PEMF in the clinical practice for therapeutic purposes strictly correlated with inflammatory conditions. Saturation experiments performed using the high affinity and selective A(3) adenosine antagonist 5N-(4-methoxyphenyl-carbamoyl)amino-8-propyl-2-(2-furyl)pyrazolo-[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine ([3H]-MRE 3008F20) revealed a single class of binding sites with similar affinity in control and in PEMF treated human neutrophils (K(D)=2.36+/-0.16 and 2.45+/-0.15 nM, respectively). PEMFs treatment revealed that the receptor density was statistically increased (P<0.01) (B(max)=451+/-18 and 736+/-25fmolmg(-1) protein, respectively). Thermodynamic data indicated that [3H]-MRE 3008F20 binding in control and in PEMF-treated human neutrophils was entropy and enthalpy driven. Competition of radioligand binding by the high affinity A(3) receptor agonists, N(6)-(3-iodo-benzyl)-2-chloro-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (Cl-IB-MECA) and N(6)-(3-iodo-benzyl)adenosine-5'-N-methyl-uronamide (IB-MECA), in the absence of PEMFs revealed high and low affinity values similar to those found in the presence of PEMFs. In both experimental conditions, the addition of GTP 100 microM shifted the competition binding curves of the agonists from a biphasic to a monophasic shape. In functional assays Cl-IB-MECA and IB-MECA were able to inhibit cyclic AMP accumulation and their potencies were statistically increased after exposure to PEMFs. These results indicate in human neutrophils treated with PEMFs the presence of significant alterations in the A(3) adenosine receptor density and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Varani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
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Varani K, Abbracchio MP, Cannella M, Cislaghi G, Giallonardo P, Mariotti C, Cattabriga E, Cattabeni F, Borea PA, Squitieri F, Cattaneo E. Aberrant A2A receptor function in peripheral blood cells in Huntington's disease. FASEB J 2003; 17:2148-50. [PMID: 12958155 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0079fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A2A adenosine receptors specifically found on striatal medium spiny neurons play a major role in sensory motor function and may also be involved in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. One hypothesis concerning Huntington's disease (HD) proposes that an imbalance of the cortico-striatal pathway, due to the mutation in the HD gene, leads to striatal vulnerability. An A2A receptor dysfunction has been previously demonstrated in striatal cells engineered to express mutant huntingtin. Here we tested whether a similar dysfunction (i.e., the binding and functional parameters of A2A adenosine receptors) is present in peripheral blood cells (platelets, lymphocytes, and neutrophils) of subjects carrying the mutant gene. This study involved 48 heterozygous and three homozygous patients compared with 58 healthy subjects. Moreover, we selected seven at-risk mutation carriers. A2A receptor density and function are substantially increased in peripheral blood cells from both patients and subjects at the presymptomatic stage. In the neutrophils of the three homozygous HD subjects receptor dysfunction was higher than in heterozygotes. These data indicate the existence of an aberrant A2A receptor phenotype in the peripheral blood cells of subjects carrying the HD mutation. Future studies will assess whether this parameter can be exploited as a peripheral biomarker of Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Varani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Unit, University of Ferrara, Italy
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Thiel M, Caldwell CC, Sitkovsky MV. The critical role of adenosine A2A receptors in downregulation of inflammation and immunity in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Microbes Infect 2003; 5:515-26. [PMID: 12758281 DOI: 10.1016/s1286-4579(03)00068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine can be described as a retaliatory metabolite, the production and release of which is usually enhanced under adverse environmental conditions. Binding via specific receptors, adenosine activates endogenous protective mechanisms aiming at the restoration of tissue homeostasis. While adenosinergic downregulation of tissue damage is beneficial in acute inflammation, chronic suppression of the immune system by adenosine may account for immunoparalysis in long-term septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Thiel
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10/11N311, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1892, USA
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