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Olsen W, Liang N, Dallas DC. Macrophage-Immunomodulatory Actions of Bovine Whey Protein Isolate, Glycomacropeptide, and Their In Vitro and In Vivo Digests. Nutrients 2023; 15:4942. [PMID: 38068800 PMCID: PMC10707750 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Whey protein isolate (WPI) consists of an array of proteins and peptides obtained as a byproduct of the cheesemaking process. Research suggests that WPI, along with its peptides such as glycomacropeptide (GMP), possesses immunomodulatory properties. These properties hold potential for alleviating the adverse effects of inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. Although promising, the immunoregulatory properties of the digested forms of WPI and GMP-those most likely to interact with the gut immune system-remain under-investigated. To address this knowledge gap, the current study examined the effects of in vitro-digested WPI and GMP, in vivo-digested WPI, and undigested WPI and GMP on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophage-like cells. Our results indicate that digested WPI and GMP reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, two pro-inflammatory cytokines. Whole WPI had no effect on TNF-α but reduced IL-1β levels. In contrast, in vivo-digested WPI reduced TNF-α but increased IL-1β. Undigested GMP, on the other hand, increased the secretion of both cytokines. These results demonstrate that digestion greatly modifies the effects of WPI and GMP on macrophages and suggest that digested WPI and GMP could help mitigate gastrointestinal inflammation. Further clinical studies are necessary to determine the biological relevance of WPI and GMP digestion products within the gut and their capacity to influence gut inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wyatt Olsen
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Ningjian Liang
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - David C. Dallas
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
- Nutrition Program, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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Koh J, Kim BJ, Qu Y, Huang H, Dallas DC. Top-Down Glycopeptidomics Reveals Intact Glycomacropeptide Is Digested to a Wide Array of Peptides in Human Jejunum. J Nutr 2022; 152:429-438. [PMID: 34850069 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bovine milk κ-casein-derived caseinomacropeptide (CMP) is produced in large quantities during cheese-making and has various biological activities demonstrated via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Previous studies examined protein degradation and peptide release after casein or whey protein consumption. However, whether purified intact CMP that is partially glycosylated survives intact to its presumed site of bioactivity within the gut remains unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which purified intact CMP (including glycosylated forms) is digested into peptide fragments within the jejunum of healthy human adults after consumption. METHODS Jejunal fluids were collected from 3 adult participants (2 men and 1 woman, age: 27 ± 7 y; BMI: 23 ± 1 kg/m2) for 3 h after consuming 37.5 g of purified intact CMP. CMP and CMP-derived peptides were isolated from the collected jejunal fluids by ethanol precipitation and solid-phase extraction and identified by MS-based top-down glycopeptidomics. Relative abundances of CMP and CMP-derived peptides were compared qualitatively between the feed and the jejunal fluids. RESULTS Intact CMP was dominant in feeding material, accounting for 90% of the total ion abundance of detected peptides, and in very low abundance (<2%) in the jejunal fluids. CMP-derived fragment peptides ranging from 11 to 20 amino acids in length were predominant (accounting for 68-88% of the total peptide ion abundance) in jejunal fluids during 1-3 h post consumption. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that intact CMP (including glycosylated forms) is mostly digested in the human jejunum, releasing a wide array of CMP-derived peptide fragments. Some of the CMP-derived peptides with high homology to known bioactive peptides consistently survived across 3 h of digestion. Therefore, future research should examine the biological effects of the partially digested form-the CMP-derived fragments-rather than those of intact CMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeewon Koh
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bum Jin Kim
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Yunyao Qu
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Honggang Huang
- Research and Development, Arla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, Viby J, Denmark
| | - David C Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Abdel-Razik A, Shabana W, El Nakib AM, Abdelsalam M, Abdelwahab A, Hasan AS, Elzehery R, Elhelaly R, Fathy AA, Mostafa SA, El-Wakeel N, Moemen D, Eldars W, Yassen AH. De Novo Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Hepatitis C-Related Cirrhosis: Are Advanced Glycation End Products a Key Driver? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:662431. [PMID: 34660332 PMCID: PMC8517490 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.662431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been implicated in different diseases’ pathogenesis, but their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still a matter of debate. This study aims to investigate the association of AGEs with HCC development in patients with hepatitis C-related cirrhosis. Methods Only 153 of the 181 non-diabetic patients with cirrhosis were consecutively involved in this pilot cohort prospective study, along with 34 healthy control participants. Demographic characteristics, biochemical parameters, clinical data, and AGEs levels in all subjects at the starting point and every year after that for two years were assessed. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to settle variables that could predict HCC development within this period. Results HCC developed in 13 (8.5%) patients. Univariate Cox regression analysis reported that body mass index (P=0.013), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (P=0.006), alpha-fetoprotein (P <0.001), and AGEs levels (P <0.001) were related to HCC development. After adjusting multiple confounders, the multivariable Cox regression model has revealed that AFP and AGEs were the powerful parameters related to the HCC occurrence (all P<0.05). AGEs at a cutoff value of more than 79.6 ng/ml had 100% sensitivity, 96.4% specificity, and 0.999 area under the curve (all P<0.001), using the receiver operating characteristic curve, for prediction of HCC development. Conclusion This work suggests that AGEs are associated with an increased incidence of HCC, particularly in cirrhosis, which is encouraging in decreasing the risk of HCC in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Abdel-Razik
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Walaa Shabana
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mohamed El Nakib
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abdelsalam
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdelwahab
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Ahmad S Hasan
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Rasha Elzehery
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Rania Elhelaly
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Aya Ahmed Fathy
- Public Health and Community Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Sally Abdallah Mostafa
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Niveen El-Wakeel
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Dalia Moemen
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Waleed Eldars
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Yassen
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura City, Egypt
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D’Auria E, Salvatore S, Acunzo M, Peroni D, Pendezza E, Di Profio E, Fiore G, Zuccotti GV, Verduci E. Hydrolysed Formulas in the Management of Cow's Milk Allergy: New Insights, Pitfalls and Tips. Nutrients 2021; 13:2762. [PMID: 34444922 PMCID: PMC8401609 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An allergy to cow's milk requires the avoidance of cow's milk proteins and, in some infants, the use of a hypoallergenic formula. This review aims to summarize the current evidence concerning different types of hydrolysed formulas (HF), and recommendations for the treatment of IgE- and non-IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy and functional gastrointestinal disorders in infancy, for which some dietary intervention and HF may be of benefit to both immune and motor mechanisms. Current guidelines recommend cow's milk protein (i.e., whey or casein) extensively hydrolysed formula (eHF) as the first choice for cow's milk allergy treatment, and amino acid formulas for more severe cases or those with reactions to eHF. Rice hydrolysed formulas (rHF) have also become available in recent years. Both eHF and rHF are well tolerated by the majority of children allergic to cow's milk, with no concerns regarding body growth or adverse effects. Some hydrolysates may have a pro-active effect in modulating the immune system due to the presence of small peptides and additional components, like biotics. Despite encouraging results on tolerance acquisition, evidence is still not conclusive, thus hampering our ability to draw firm conclusions. In clinical practice, the choice of hypoallergenic formula should be based on the infant's age, the severity, frequency and persistence of symptoms, immune phenotype, growth pattern, formula cost, and in vivo proof of tolerance and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza D’Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Silvia Salvatore
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale “F. Del Ponte”, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Miriam Acunzo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Diego Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Erica Pendezza
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (E.P.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (G.V.Z.); (E.V.)
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Santiago-López L, Hernández-Mendoza A, Vallejo-Cordoba B, Wall-Medrano A, González-Córdova AF. Th17 immune response in inflammatory bowel disease: Future roles and opportunities for lactic acid bacteria and bioactive compounds released in fermented milk. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Hernández-Chirlaque C, Aranda CJ, Ocón B, Polo J, Martínez-Augustin O, Sánchez de Medina F. Immunoregulatory Effects of Porcine Plasma Protein Concentrates on Rat Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Splenocytes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11030807. [PMID: 33805697 PMCID: PMC7999696 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Blood contains proteins which have interest as products that may regulate immune function. For this reason some protein-based products are currently used as nutritional supplements for animals, for instance two porcine concentrates, spray dried serum (SDS), and an immunoglobulin concentrate (IC). These products have shown to protect against colonic inflammation in rodents. In the present study we characterize the ability of these products to modulate immune function in isolated cells, namely intestinal epithelial cells (IEC18 cells) and rat spleen cells. Our data indicate that both porcine protein concentrates indeed alter immune cell function, based on the secretion of the modulators known as cytokines. In intestinal epithelial IEC18 cells they promoted the secretion of GROα and MCP-1 cytokines. In spleen cells they mainly inhibited the production of TNF, a key proinflammatory cytokine. In addition, the IC product augmented the release of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine. Taken together, our data indicate that the immunomodulatory effects observed in vivo are consistent with the direct actions of the protein concentrates on epithelial cells, T lymphocytes, and monocytes. Abstract Serum protein concentrates have been shown to exert in vivo anti-inflammatory effects. Specific effects on different cell types and their mechanism of action remain unraveled. We aimed to characterize the immunomodulatory effect of two porcine plasma protein concentrates, spray dried serum (SDS) and an immunoglobulin concentrate (IC), currently used as animal nutritional supplements with established in vivo immunomodulatory properties. Cytokine production by the intestinal epithelial cell line IEC18 and by primary cultures of rat splenocytes was studied. The molecular pathways involved were explored with specific inhibitors and gene knockdown. Our results indicate that both products induced GROα and MCP-1 production in IEC18 cells by a MyD88/NF-κB-dependent mechanism. Inhibition of TNF production was observed in rat primary splenocyte cultures. The immunoglobulin concentrate induced IL-10 expression in primary splenocytes and lymphocytes. The effect on TNF was independent of IL-10 production or the stimulation of NF-kB, MAPKs, AKT, or RAGE. In conclusion, SDS and IC directly regulate intestinal and systemic immune response in murine intestinal epithelial cells and in T lymphocytes and monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hernández-Chirlaque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, CIBERehd, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.H.-C.); (C.J.A.)
| | - Carlos J. Aranda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, CIBERehd, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.H.-C.); (C.J.A.)
| | - Borja Ocón
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (B.O.); (F.S.d.M.)
| | | | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, CIBERehd, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (C.H.-C.); (C.J.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-241-305
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (B.O.); (F.S.d.M.)
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Foisy Sauvé M, Spahis S, Delvin E, Levy E. Glycomacropeptide: A Bioactive Milk Derivative to Alleviate Metabolic Syndrome Outcomes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:201-222. [PMID: 32338040 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a cluster of cardiometabolic disorders, which accelerate the risk of developing diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. Oxidative stress (OxS) and inflammation contribute to insulin resistance (IR) that greatly promotes the clinical manifestations of MetS components. Given the growing prevalence of this multifactorial condition, its alerting comorbidities, and the absence of specific drugs for treatment, there is an urgent need of prospecting for alternative nutraceutics as effective therapeutic agents for MetS. Recent Advances: There is a renewed interest in bioactive peptides derived from human and bovine milk proteins given their high potential in magnifying health benefits. Special attention has been paid to glycomacropeptide (GMP), a bioactive and soluble derivative from casein and milk whey, because of the wide range of its health-promoting functions perceived in the MetS and related complications. Critical Issues: In the present review, the challenging issue relative to clinical utility of GMP in improving MetS outcomes will be critically reported. Its importance in alleviating obesity, OxS, inflammation, IR, dyslipidemia, and hypertension will be underlined. The mechanisms of action will be analyzed, and the various gaps of knowledge in this area will be specified. Future Directions: Valuable data from cellular, preclinical, and clinical investigations have emphasized the preventive and therapeutic actions of GMP toward the MetS. However, additional efforts are needed to support its proofs of principle and causative relationship to translate its concept into the clinic. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 201-222.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Foisy Sauvé
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
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Verduci E, Carbone MT, Borghi E, Ottaviano E, Burlina A, Biasucci G. Nutrition, Microbiota and Role of Gut-Brain Axis in Subjects with Phenylketonuria (PKU): A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3319. [PMID: 33138040 PMCID: PMC7692600 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and functioning of the gut microbiota, the complex population of microorganisms residing in the intestine, is strongly affected by endogenous and exogenous factors, among which diet is key. Important perturbations of the microbiota have been observed to contribute to disease risk, as in the case of neurological disorders, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, among others. Although mechanisms are not fully clarified, nutrients interacting with the microbiota are thought to affect host metabolism, immune response or disrupt the protective functions of the intestinal barrier. Similarly, key intermediaries, whose presence may be strongly influenced by dietary habits, sustain the communication along the gut-brain-axis, influencing brain functions in the same way as the brain influences gut activity. Due to the role of diet in the modulation of the microbiota, its composition is of high interest in inherited errors of metabolism (IEMs) and may reveal an appealing therapeutic target. In IEMs, for example in phenylketonuria (PKU), since part of the therapeutic intervention is based on chronic or life-long tailored dietetic regimens, important variations of the microbial diversity or relative abundance have been observed. A holistic approach, including a healthy composition of the microbiota, is recommended to modulate host metabolism and affected neurological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital-University of Milan, Via Lodovico Castelvetro, 32, 20154 Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Maria Teresa Carbone
- UOS Metabolic and Rare Diseases, AORN Santobono, Via Mario Fiore 6, 80122 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Emerenziana Ottaviano
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, via di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (E.O.)
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of Padua, Via Orus 2B, 35129 Padua, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Department of Paediatrics & Neonatology, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Via Taverna Giuseppe, 49, 29121 Piacenza, Italy;
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Cai J, Li X, Du H, Jiang C, Xu S, Cao Y. Immunomodulatory significance of natural peptides in mammalians: Promising agents for medical application. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151936. [PMID: 32209241 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2020.151936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of immune responses by immunoregulatory agents, such as the natural or synthetic immunomodulatory peptides, has been suggested as a potential strategy to modulate immune system against infection and other immune-related diseases. These compositionally simple peptides have attracted much attention for many drug developers, due to their high activity, low toxicity and clear target specificity. Host defence peptides and milk-derived peptides are two kinds of natural immunomodulatory peptides which have been widely studied in mammalians. They could participate at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity by regulating immune effector cells. This review summarizes the recent advances in host defence peptides and milk-derived peptides as well as their general characteristics, immunomodulatory functions and possible applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongming Du
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengfei Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Cao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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Yang Q, Liu S, Liu X, Liu Z, Xue W, Zhang Y. Role of charge-reversal in the hemo/immuno-compatibility of polycationic gene delivery systems. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:436-455. [PMID: 31254682 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
As an effective and well-recognized strategy used in many delivery systems, such as polycation gene vectors, charge reversal refers to the alternation of vector surface charge from negative (in blood circulation) to positive (in the targeted tissue) in response to specific stimuli to simultaneously satisfy the requirements of biocompatibility and targeting. Although charge reversal vectors are intended to avoid interactions with blood in their application, no overall or systematic investigation has been carried out to verify the role of charge reversal in the blood compatibility. Herein, we comprehensively mapped the effects of a typical charge-reversible polycation gene vector based on pH-responsive 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DMMA)-modified polyethylenimine (PEI)/pDNA complex in terms of blood components, coagulation function, and immune response as compared to conventional PEGylated modification. The in vitro and in vivo results displayed that charge-reversal modification significantly improves the PEI/pDNA-induced abnormal effect on vascular endothelial cells, platelet activation, clotting factor activity, fibrinogen polymerization, blood coagulation process, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Unexpectedly, (PEI/pDNA)-DMMA induced the cytoskeleton impairment-mediated erythrocyte morphological alternation and complement activation even more than PEI/pDNA. Further, transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was correlated with vector-induced differentially expressed gene number and mediated by inflammation-related signaling pathways (MAPK, NF-κB, Toll-like receptor, and JAK-STAT) activation. By comparison, charge-reversal modification improved the hemocompatibility to a greater extent than dose PEGylation except for erythrocyte rupture. Nevertheless, it is inferior to mPEG modification in terms of immunocompatibility. These findings provide comprehensive insights to understand the molecular mechanisms of the effects of charge reversal on blood components and their function and to provide valuable information for its potential applications from laboratory to clinic. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The seemingly revolutionary charge reversal strategy has been believed to possess stealth character with negative charge eluding interaction with blood components during circulation. However to date, no overall or systematic investigation has been carried out to verify the role of charge-reversal on the blood/immune compatibility, which impede their development from laboratory to bedside. Therefore, we comprehensively mapped the effects of a typical charge-reversible polycationic gene vector on blood components (vascular endothelial cell, platelet, clotting factors, fibrinogen, RBCs and coagulation function) and immune response (complement and pro-inflammatory cytokines) at cellular and molecular level in comparison to PEGylation modification. These findings help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms for the effects of charge-reversal on blood components and functions, and provide valuable information for the possible application in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zonghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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11
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Cow's Milk Allergy: Immunomodulation by Dietary Intervention. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061399. [PMID: 31234330 PMCID: PMC6627562 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow’s milk proteins cause allergic symptoms in 2% to 3% of all infants. In these individuals, the physiological mechanism of tolerance is broken with subsequent possible sensitization to antigens, which can lead eventually to allergic responses. The present review aims to provide an overview of different aspects of immune modulation by dietary intervention in cow’s milk allergy (CMA). It focuses on pathogenetic mechanisms of different CMA related disorders, e.g., gastroesophageal reflux and eosinophilic esophagitis, highlighting the role of dietary management on innate and adaptive immune systems. The traditional dietary management of CMA has greatly changed in the last years, moving from a passive approach, consisting of an elimination diet to relieve symptoms, to a “proactive” one, meaning the possibility to actively modulate the immune system. Thus, new insights into the role of hydrolysates and baked milk in immunomodulation are addressed here. Additionally, nutritional components, such as pre- and probiotics, may target the immune system via microbiota, offering a possible road map for new CMA prevention and treatment strategies.
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12
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Glycomacropeptide Bioactivity and Health: A Review Highlighting Action Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030598. [PMID: 30870995 PMCID: PMC6471465 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food-derived bioactive peptides are reported as beneficial and safe for human health. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a milk-protein-derived peptide that, in addition to its nutritional value, retains many biological properties and has therapeutic effects in several inflammatory disorders. GMP was shown under in vitro and in vivo conditions to exert a number of activities that regulate the physiology of important body systems, namely the gastrointestinal, endocrine, and immune systems. This review represents a comprehensive compilation summarizing the current knowledge and updated information on the major biological properties associated with GMP. GMP bioactivity is addressed with special attention on mechanisms of action, signaling pathways involved, and structural characteristics implicated. In addition, the results of various studies dealing with the effects of GMP on models of inflammatory diseases are reviewed and discussed.
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13
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Cian RE, Hernández-Chirlaque C, Gámez-Belmonte R, Drago SR, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O. Green Alga Ulva spp. Hydrolysates and Their Peptide Fractions Regulate Cytokine Production in Splenic Macrophages and Lymphocytes Involving the TLR4-NFκB/MAPK Pathways. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E235. [PMID: 29997311 PMCID: PMC6071126 DOI: 10.3390/md16070235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrolysates of food protein sources have immunomodulatory effects, which are of interest for use as functional foods. In this study, we have characterized the immune regulatory effect on rat splenocytes, macrophages and T lymphocytes of Ulva spp. hydrolysates and their peptide fractions with or without in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and/or ultrafiltration. IL-10 was induced in almost all conditions and cell types obtained from wild type animals. The induction was in general increased by ultrafiltration and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. TNF was also induced in basal conditions. In turn, TNF and IFN-γ production was attenuated by the hydrolysate products in lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A immune stimulated cells. Inhibitors for the activation of NFκB, MAPK p38 and JNK inhibited IL-10 induction in rat splenocytes. The response was dramatically attenuated in TLR4-/- cells, and only modestly in TLR2-/- cells. Food peptides from Ulva spp. genus exert anti-inflammatory effects in immune cells mediated by TLR4 and NFκB. Similarity with the immunomodulatory profile of protein hydrolysates from other sources suggests a common mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ-UNL, 1 de Mayo 3250, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Cristina Hernández-Chirlaque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Reyes Gámez-Belmonte
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, CONICET, FIQ-UNL, 1 de Mayo 3250, 3000 Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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14
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Cui Y, Zhu C, Ming Z, Cao J, Yan Y, Zhao P, Pang G, Deng Z, Yao Y, Chen Q. Molecular mechanisms by which casein glycomacropeptide maintains internal homeostasis in mice with experimental ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181075. [PMID: 28700735 PMCID: PMC5507290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which food-derived casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP) maintains internal homeostasis in the intestinal mucosa and to investigate the effects of CGMP on the intestinal mucosal immunological barrier and related signal transduction pathways. METHODS In this study, a famoxadone (OXZ)-induced mouse experimental ulcerative colitis (UC) model was built. The experimental UC mice were intragastrically administered milk-derived CGMP for four consecutive days. The molecular mechanisms by which milk-derived CGMP improved and restored the inflammatory status in UC symptoms were elucidated by H&E staining, immunohistochemical staining and western blotting. RESULTS The results indicated that CGMP (50 mg/(kg bw·d)) could significantly improve morphological injury to intestinal mucosa in OXZ-induced UC mice to the same extent that did sulfasalazine (SASP, 40 mg/(kg bw·d)), a medicine used to treat UC, in the control group. The study found that CGMP could significantly reduce the expression of Human mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1), Cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and Cluster of differentiation 8 (CD8) in the lamina propria of the intestinal mucosa and significantly stimulate the secretion of sIgA to increase intestinal immunity. Furthermore, CGMP was found to be directly involved in inhibiting the MAPK pathway and activating the TGF-β1/Smad signal transduction cascade, which could maintain immunological regulation of the intestinal mucosa and protect the functions of the intestinal mucosal barrier. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidated the molecular mechanisms by which CGMP maintained homeostasis of the intestinal mucosa and further confirmed its pharmaceutical value as a food-derived functional component with promising potential for further exploration/utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbo Cui
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhu Ming
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangming Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Yali Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangchang Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Qingsen Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
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15
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Abstract
Hepato-cellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the frequent cause of cancer-related death worldwide and dominant form of primary liver cancer. However, the reason behind a steady increase in the incidence of this form of cancer remains elusive. Glycation has been reported to play a significant role in the induction of several chronic diseases including cancer. Several risk factors that could induce HCC have been reported in the literature. Deciphering the complex patho-physiology associated with HCC is expected to provide new targets for the early detection, prevention, progression and recurrence. Even-though, some of the causative aspects of HCC is known, the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) related mechanism still needs further research. In the current manuscript, we have tried to uncover the possible role of glycation in the induction of HCC. In the light of the available scientific literature, we advocate in-depth comprehensive studies which will shed light towards mechanistic association of glycation with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Bio-Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, 226021, India
| | - Shams Tabrez
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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16
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Reyes-Díaz A, González-Córdova AF, Hernández-Mendoza A, Reyes-Díaz R, Vallejo-Cordoba B. Immunomodulation by hydrolysates and peptides derived from milk proteins. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Reyes-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos.; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 México
| | - Aarón F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos.; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 México
| | - Adrián Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos.; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 México
| | - Ricardo Reyes-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos.; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 México
| | - Belinda Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos.; Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD); Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6 Hermosillo Sonora 83304 México
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17
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Jiménez M, Cervantes-García D, Muñoz YH, García A, Haro LM, Salinas E. Novel Mechanisms Underlying the Therapeutic Effect of Glycomacropeptide on Allergy: Change in Gut Microbiota, Upregulation of TGF-β, and Inhibition of Mast Cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2017; 171:217-226. [PMID: 28049206 DOI: 10.1159/000453035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of allergic diseases is globally increasing. We have previously described that glycomacropeptide (GMP), a bioactive milk peptide, has therapeutic value in experimental models of skin hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, and asthma, as it prevents an excessive T helper type 2 cell immune response. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of GMP on key elements directly involved in the development or control of allergy, in order to improve the precise knowledge about its mechanism of action. METHODS Rats were systemically sensitized with ovalbumin and orally treated with GMP. Levels of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides were analyzed in their feces. Splenocytes were isolated and the production of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β by allergens was measured. Intradermal skin reactions were developed to evaluate in vivo activation of mast cells. Peritoneal mast cells were isolated and activated by the allergen, and histamine secretion was determined. RESULTS GMP administration increased the amount of intestinal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium of allergen-sensitized animals after 3 days of treatment. The increase in Bacteroides was also significant, but only after 17 days of GMP administration. Ten days after treatment cessation, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were still elevated. GMP intake also elevated the production of TGF-β in the splenocytes of sensitized animals. In addition, treatment with GMP attenuated mast cell activation by the allergen and inhibited histamine secretion, without affecting the number of mast cells. CONCLUSIONS The prebiotic action of GMP on allergy-protective microbiota, an increase in TGF-β production, and a reduction in mast cell response to allergens are novel mechanisms that explain the antiallergic activity of GMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology, Basic Science Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
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18
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McEvoy K, Hayes J, Kealey C, Brady D. Influence of sweet whey protein concentrate and its hydrolysates on host-pathogen interactions in the emerging foodborne pathogen Cronobacter sakazakii. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 121:873-82. [PMID: 27337492 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant global healthcare predicament. An attractive approach to the dilemma of drug-resistant bacteria is the development and use of agents that interfere with the ability of pathogens to adhere to human tissue. The influence of sweet whey protein concentrate (SWPC), and selected hydrolysates of this material, on host-pathogen interactions of Cronobacter sakazakii (ATCC 29544) was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS CaCo-2 cell line was selected as a suitable model for the human intestinal epithelium. Cronobacter sakazakiiATCC 29544 was identified as the strain with the highest adhesion efficiency. SWPC reduced its association by 80% (P < 0·01), invasion 35% (P < 0·01), and translocation >95% (P < 0·001). SWPC enzymatically modified with lipase, trypsin and pepsin had variable effects on these behaviours with the most significant effect exhibited with the lipase treatment. SWPC produced an almost total inhibition of translocation of C. sakazakii across a CaCo-2 cell monolayer. Lipase and pepsin treated SWPC also reduced translocation by 75% and 90% respectively. However, trypsin treatment nullified the effect SWPC had on translocation. The presence of viable bacterial cells and SWPC both increased expression of IL-8 following Cronobacter invasion into CaCo-2 cells. CONCLUSIONS Factors governing adherence, invasion and translocation of Cronobacter spp. to human intestinal cells are multi-factorial and digested milk products exhibit varying effects dependant on their enzyme modification and protein lipid content. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These findings contribute to our, as yet, incomplete understanding of Cronobacter pathogenesis, and suggest that SWPC in whole and enzymatically hydrolysed forms, may provide a cost-effective source of bioactive materials with inhibitory effects on bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McEvoy
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.,Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - J Hayes
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - C Kealey
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.,Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
| | - D Brady
- Bioscience Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland.,Department of Life and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Athlone Institute of Technology, Athlone, Ireland
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19
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Hvas CL, Dige A, Bendix M, Wernlund PG, Christensen LA, Dahlerup JF, Agnholt J. Casein glycomacropeptide for active distal ulcerative colitis: a randomized pilot study. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:555-63. [PMID: 27090817 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In ulcerative colitis (UC), dietary supplements may have anti-inflammatory properties and improve disease course. We investigated the effects of casein glycomacropeptide (CGMP), a fraction of bovine whey protein, in active UC. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a randomized open-label intervention study, 24 patients with active UC involving 10-40 cm of the distal colon were randomized in a 2 : 1 ratio into two groups. The first group was administered their usual treatment plus a daily supplement of CGMP 30 g, and the second group was administered a dose escalation to 4800 mg oral mesalamine daily (standard treatment) for 4 weeks. Clinical, endoscopic, mucosal and circulating disease activity markers were monitored. Acceptance of and adherence to CGMP up to 8 weeks were documented. RESULTS After 4 weeks of treatment, 10 of 16 (63%) patients who received CGMP had an unchanged or decreased Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI), which was similar to the four of eight (50%) (P = 0·67) patients on the standard treatment. The number of patients in which SCCAI decreased by three or more did not differ between the two groups: nine of 16 (56%) in the CGMP group vs. four of eight (50%) in the standard treatment group (P = 0·77). Changes in disease extent and severity were similar between the two groups. CGMP was well tolerated and accepted by the patients. CONCLUSIONS The addition of CGMP as a nutritional therapy to standard treatment was safe and accepted by patients with active distal UC. The disease-modifying effect of CGMP was similar to that of the mesalamine dose escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L Hvas
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders Dige
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mia Bendix
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Pernille G Wernlund
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lisbet A Christensen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jens F Dahlerup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Agnholt
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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20
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Davoodi SH, Shahbazi R, Esmaeili S, Sohrabvandi S, Mortazavian A, Jazayeri S, Taslimi A. Health-Related Aspects of Milk Proteins. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2016; 15:573-591. [PMID: 27980594 PMCID: PMC5149046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Milk is an important component of a balanced diet and contains numerous valuable constituents. Considerable acclaimed health benefits of milk are related to its proteins, not only for their nutritive value but also for their biological properties. Scientific evidence suggests that anticarcinogenic activities, antihypertensive properties, immune system modulation, and other metabolic features of milk, are affiliated with its proteins (intact proteins or its derivatives). In this article, the main health-related aspects of milk proteins, such as anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anticariogenic, antihypertensive, and hypocholesterolemic effects are reviewed. Collectively, the findings indicate the effectiveness of milk proteins on reduction of risk factors for cancer, cardiovascular diseases and overall improvement of health aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossein Davoodi
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences, Food Science and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Roghiyeh Shahbazi
- Students٫ Research Committee, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeideh Esmaeili
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Students Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sara Sohrabvandi
- Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Students Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail: , ,
| | - AmirMohamamd Mortazavian
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Corresponding author: E-mail: , ,
| | - Sahar Jazayeri
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Aghdas Taslimi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Sawin EA, De Wolfe TJ, Aktas B, Stroup BM, Murali SG, Steele JL, Ney DM. Glycomacropeptide is a prebiotic that reduces Desulfovibrio bacteria, increases cecal short-chain fatty acids, and is anti-inflammatory in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G590-601. [PMID: 26251473 PMCID: PMC4593820 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00211.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a 64-amino acid (AA) glycophosphopeptide with application to the nutritional management of phenylketonuria (PKU), obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). GMP is a putative prebiotic based on extensive glycosylation with sialic acid, galactose, and galactosamine. Our objective was to determine the prebiotic properties of GMP by characterizing cecal and fecal microbiota populations, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and immune responses. Weanling PKU (Pah(enu2)) and wild-type (WT) C57Bl/6 mice were fed isoenergetic AA, GMP, or casein diets for 8 wk. The cecal content and feces were collected for microbial DNA extraction to perform 16S microbiota analysis by Ion Torrent PGM sequencing. SCFA were determined by gas chromatography, plasma cytokines via a Bio-Plex Pro assay, and splenocyte T cell populations by flow cytometry. Changes in cecal and fecal microbiota are primarily diet dependent. The GMP diet resulted in a reduction from 30-35 to 7% in Proteobacteria, genera Desulfovibrio, in both WT and PKU mice with genotype-dependent changes in Bacteroidetes or Firmicutes. Cecal concentrations of the SCFA acetate, propionate, and butyrate were increased with GMP. The percentage of stimulated spleen cells producing interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was significantly reduced in mice fed GMP compared with casein. In summary, plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-2 were reduced in mice fed GMP. GMP is a prebiotic based on reduction in Desulfovibrio, increased SCFA, and lower indexes of inflammation compared with casein and AA diets in mice. Functional foods made with GMP may be beneficial in the management of PKU, obesity, and IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A. Sawin
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Travis J. De Wolfe
- 2Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Busra Aktas
- 2Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bridget M. Stroup
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - Sangita G. Murali
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
| | - James L. Steele
- 2Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Denise M. Ney
- 1Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; and
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22
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Ming Z, Jia Y, Yan Y, Pang G, Chen Q. Amelioration effect of bovine casein glycomacropeptide on ulcerative colitis in mice. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2015.1018874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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23
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Da Silva MS, Rudkowska I. Dairy nutrients and their effect on inflammatory profile in molecular studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1249-63. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marine S. Da Silva
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology; CHU de Québec Research Center; Quebec QC Canada
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology; CHU de Québec Research Center; Quebec QC Canada
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24
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Martínez-Augustin O, Rivero-Gutiérrez B, Mascaraque C, Sánchez de Medina F. Food derived bioactive peptides and intestinal barrier function. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:22857-73. [PMID: 25501338 PMCID: PMC4284742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151222857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of food-derived bioactive peptides have been shown to exert health-promoting actions and are therefore considered functional foods or nutraceuticals. Some of these actions are related to the maintenance, reinforcement or repairment of the intestinal barrier function (IBF) whose role is to selectively allow the absorption of water, nutrients and ions while preventing the influx of microorganisms from the intestinal lumen. Alterations in the IBF have been related to many disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease or metabolic syndrome. Components of IBF are the intestinal epithelium, the mucus layer, secretory immunoglobulin A and cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Here we review the effects of food derived bioactive peptides on these IBF components. In vitro and in vivo effects, both in healthy and disease states, have been reviewed. Although limited, the available information indicates a potential for food-derived peptides to modify IBF and to contribute to disease treatment, but further research is needed to better isolate responsible peptides, and to help define their mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 2, CIBERehd, University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Belén Rivero-Gutiérrez
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada 18071, Spain.
| | - Cristina Mascaraque
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Immunology in Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan 20089, Italy.
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, CIBERehd, University of Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada 18071, Spain.
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Effect of casein glycomacropeptide on subunit p65 of nuclear transcription factor-κB in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human colorectal tumor HT-29 cells. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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26
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Wada Y, Lönnerdal B. Bioactive peptides derived from human milk proteins — mechanisms of action. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:503-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Capitán-Cañadas F, Ortega-González M, Guadix E, Zarzuelo A, Suárez MD, de Medina FS, Martínez-Augustin O. Prebiotic oligosaccharides directly modulate proinflammatory cytokine production in monocytes via activation of TLR4. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 58:1098-110. [PMID: 24549946 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Prebiotic oligosaccharides are currently used in a variety of clinical settings for their effects on intestinal microbiota. Here, we have examined the direct, microbiota independent, effects of prebiotics on monocytes and T lymphocytes in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Prebiotics generally evoked cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10) by mouse splenocytes but inhibited LPS -induced IFN-γ and IL-17 release. Inulin was found to enhance LPS-induced IL-10 secretion. Splenocytes from TLR4(-/-) (where TLR is Toll-like receptor) mice showed a markedly depressed response. Conversely, in both basal and LPS-stimulated conditions, prebiotic inhibition of IFN-γ levels was preserved. These results suggested a predominant effect on monocytes via TLR4 ligation and possible inhibition of T cells. Hence, we studied the modulation of primary rat monocytes and T lymphocytes, focusing on fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin. In monocytes, FOS and inulin induced TNF-α, growth-regulated oncogene α, and IL-10, but not IL-1β release. The NF-κB inhibitor Bay 11-7082 fully prevented these effects. Pharmacological evidence also indicated a significant involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. There was little effect on T cells. FOS and inulin also generally increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-10, but not IL-8, in human peripheral blood monocytes. CONCLUSION We conclude that prebiotics may act as TLR4 ligands or as indirect TLR4 modulators to upregulate cytokine secretion in monocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fermín Capitán-Cañadas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, CIBERehd, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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Validation of bovine glycomacropeptide as an intestinal anti-inflammatory nutraceutical in the lymphocyte-transfer model of colitis. Br J Nutr 2013; 111:1202-12. [PMID: 24229852 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114513003590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Milk κ-casein-derived bovine glycomacropeptide (GMP) exerts immunomodulatory effects. It exhibits intestinal anti-inflammatory activity in chemically induced models of colitis. However, to validate its clinical usefulness as a nutraceutical, it is important to assess its effects in a model with a closer pathophysiological connection with human inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, in the present study, we used the lymphocyte-transfer model of colitis in mice and compared the effects of GMP in this model with those obtained in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model. GMP (15 mg/d) resulted in higher body-weight gain and a reduction of the colonic damage score and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in Rag1(-/-) mice with colitis induced by the transfer of naïve T cells. The colonic and ileal weight:length ratio was decreased by approximately 25%, albeit non-significantly. GMP treatment reduced the percentage of CD4⁺ interferon (IFN)-γ⁺ cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). The basal production of IL-6 by MLN obtained from the GMP-treated mice ex vivo was augmented. However, concanavalin A-evoked production was similar. The colonic expression of regenerating islet-derived protein 3γ, S100A8, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 and IL-1β was unaffected by GMP, while that of TNF-α and especially IFN-γ was paradoxically increased. In the DSS model, GMP also reduced the activity of colonic MPO, but it failed to alter weight gain or intestinal weight:length ratio. GMP augmented the production of IL-10 by MLN cells and was neutral towards other cytokines, except exhibiting a trend towards increasing the production of IL-6. The lower effect was attributed to the lack of the effect of GMP on epithelial cells. In conclusion, GMP exerts intestinal anti-inflammatory effects in lymphocyte-driven colitis.
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29
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Watashi K, Liang G, Iwamoto M, Marusawa H, Uchida N, Daito T, Kitamura K, Muramatsu M, Ohashi H, Kiyohara T, Suzuki R, Li J, Tong S, Tanaka Y, Murata K, Aizaki H, Wakita T. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α trigger restriction of hepatitis B virus infection via a cytidine deaminase activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). J Biol Chem 2013. [PMID: 24025329 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.50112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection is restricted by intracellular immune responses in host cells, and this is typically modulated by stimulation of cytokines. The cytokines and host factors that determine the host cell restriction against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are not well understood. We screened 36 cytokines and chemokines to determine which were able to reduce the susceptibility of HepaRG cells to HBV infection. Here, we found that pretreatment with IL-1β and TNFα remarkably reduced the host cell susceptibility to HBV infection. This effect was mediated by activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. A cytidine deaminase, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), was up-regulated by both IL-1β and TNFα in a variety of hepatocyte cell lines and primary human hepatocytes. Another deaminase APOBEC3G was not induced by these proinflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of AID expression impaired the anti-HBV effect of IL-1β, and overexpression of AID antagonized HBV infection, suggesting that AID was one of the responsible factors for the anti-HBV activity of IL-1/TNFα. Although AID induced hypermutation of HBV DNA, this activity was dispensable for the anti-HBV activity. The antiviral effect of IL-1/TNFα was also observed on different HBV genotypes but not on hepatitis C virus. These results demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines IL-1/TNFα trigger a novel antiviral mechanism involving AID to regulate host cell permissiveness to HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Watashi
- From the Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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30
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Watashi K, Liang G, Iwamoto M, Marusawa H, Uchida N, Daito T, Kitamura K, Muramatsu M, Ohashi H, Kiyohara T, Suzuki R, Li J, Tong S, Tanaka Y, Murata K, Aizaki H, Wakita T. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α trigger restriction of hepatitis B virus infection via a cytidine deaminase activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). J Biol Chem 2013; 288:31715-27. [PMID: 24025329 PMCID: PMC3814766 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.501122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus infection is restricted by intracellular immune responses in host cells, and this is typically modulated by stimulation of cytokines. The cytokines and host factors that determine the host cell restriction against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are not well understood. We screened 36 cytokines and chemokines to determine which were able to reduce the susceptibility of HepaRG cells to HBV infection. Here, we found that pretreatment with IL-1β and TNFα remarkably reduced the host cell susceptibility to HBV infection. This effect was mediated by activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. A cytidine deaminase, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), was up-regulated by both IL-1β and TNFα in a variety of hepatocyte cell lines and primary human hepatocytes. Another deaminase APOBEC3G was not induced by these proinflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of AID expression impaired the anti-HBV effect of IL-1β, and overexpression of AID antagonized HBV infection, suggesting that AID was one of the responsible factors for the anti-HBV activity of IL-1/TNFα. Although AID induced hypermutation of HBV DNA, this activity was dispensable for the anti-HBV activity. The antiviral effect of IL-1/TNFα was also observed on different HBV genotypes but not on hepatitis C virus. These results demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines IL-1/TNFα trigger a novel antiviral mechanism involving AID to regulate host cell permissiveness to HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Watashi
- From the Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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31
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Chen Q, Wang H, Zhu C, Yan Y, Pang G. Anti-apoptotic effects of milk-derived casein glycomacropeptide on mice with ulcerative colitis. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2013.823912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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32
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Chatterton DE, Nguyen DN, Bering SB, Sangild PT. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of bioactive milk proteins in the intestine of newborns. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1730-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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33
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Beermann C, Hartung J. Physiological properties of milk ingredients released by fermentation. Food Funct 2013; 4:185-99. [PMID: 23111492 DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30153a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The demand for health-promoting food ingredients rises within an increasing market worldwide. Different milks fermented with bacteria, yeasts, moulds or enzymes from animal, plant and microbial sources offer a broad range of possibilities to cover different health aspects with new bioactive components. By the fermentation process interesting ingredients are enriched and released from the matrix, like lactoferrin, micro-nutrients, CLA and sphingolipids or synthesized, such as exo-polysaccharides and bioactive peptides. In particular, milk derived bioactive peptides exert several important health-promoting activities, such as anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, immune-modulatory, opioid and mineral-binding properties. Milk-fermentation processes with probiotic bacteria synergistically combine health supporting bacterial and milk ingredient aspects which include new therapeutic solutions concerning hypercholesterolemia, carcinogenic intoxications, treatment of diarrhea, reduction of intestine pathogens, and supporting natural immune defense. Especially, milk-proteins and associated bioactive peptides released during microbial or enzymatic fermentation of milk offer a broad spectrum of new functional properties, for instance anti-hypertensive, anti-microbial, anti-oxidative, immuno-modulatory, opioid and mineral-binding properties. This review aimed at discussing recent research activities on physiological purposes and technical process aspects of functional components from fermented milk with a specific focus on biofunctional peptides released from fermented milk proteins.
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Morita M, Yano S, Yamaguchi T, Sugimoto T. Advanced glycation end products-induced reactive oxygen species generation is partly through NF-kappa B activation in human aortic endothelial cells. J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27:11-5. [PMID: 22944044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the endothelial dysfunction and the progression of atherosclerosis. In the pathogenesis of diabetic micro- and macro-vascular complications, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and their receptor signaling are thought to play pivotal roles. We have studied the interaction among AGEs, TNF-α and ROS production using human aortic endothelial cells (HAoEC), and elucidated the significance of transcription factor NF-κB in that interaction. Concentration of TNF-α as well as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an indicator of ROS generation, in the culture medium was significantly elevated 24 h after treatment with glycolaldehyde-derived AGE3. Antioxidant TEMPOL almost completely inhibited AGE3-induced TNF-α secretion, whereas NF-κB inhibitor PDTC partly suppressed AGE3-induced 8-OHdG production. Since NF-κB, which induces TNF-α expression is activated by ROS and TNF-α itself, AGE3-induced ROS generation is partly through NF-κB activation and subsequent TNF-α production in these cells. Our findings suggest that sustained activation of NF-κB might be crucial for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes, and that inhibition of local NF-κB and/or TNF-α action could be one of therapeutic strategies for vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
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35
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Cian RE, López-Posadas R, Drago SR, de Medina FS, Martínez-Augustin O. Immunomodulatory properties of the protein fraction from Phorphyra columbina. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:8146-54. [PMID: 22867423 DOI: 10.1021/jf300928j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The phycobiliproteins from Rhodophyta , R-phycoerythrin (R-PE) and C-phycocyanin (C-PC), have been shown to exert immunomodulatory effects. This study evaluated the effects of a Phorphyra columbina protein fraction (PF) and R-PE and C-PC on rat primary splenocytes, macrophages, and T-lymphocytes in vitro. PF featured various protein species, including R-PE and C-PC. PF showed mitogenic effects on rat splenocytes and was nontoxic to cells except at 1 g L(-1) protein. IL-10 secretion was enhanced by PF in rat splenocytes, macrophages, and especially T-lymphocytes, whereas it was markedly diminished by R-PE and C-PC. The production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by macrophages was inhibited. The effect of PF on IL-10 was evoked by JNK/p38 MAPK and NF-κB-dependent pathways in macrophages and T-lymphocytes. It was concluded that PF has immunomodulatory effects on macrophages and lymphocytes that appear to be predominantly anti-inflammatory via up-regulated IL-10 production and cannot be accounted for by R-PE and C-PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Stimulation of FasL induces production of proinflammatory mediators through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-κB in THP-1 cells. Inflammation 2012; 35:1-10. [PMID: 21152963 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-010-9283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
FasL is a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily involved in the various immune reactions such as activation-induced cell death, cytotoxic effector function, and establishment of immune privileged sites through its interaction with Fas. On the other hand, FasL is known to transmit a reverse signal that serves as a T cell co-stimulatory signal. However, the role of FasL-mediated reverse signaling in macrophage function has not been investigated. In order to investigate the presence of FasL-mediated signaling in macrophages, the human macrophage-like cell line THP-1 was analyzed after treatment with FasL ligating agents such as recombinant Fas:Fc fusion protein or anti-FasL monoclonal antibody. Stimulation of FasL induced the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as matrix metalloproteinase-9, TNF-α, and IL-8. The specificity of the reaction was confirmed by the transfection of the FasL-specific siRNAs, which suppressed FasL expression as well as the production of proinflammatory mediators. Utilization of various inhibitors of signaling adaptors and ELISA-base nuclear factor (NF)-κB binding assay demonstrated that the signaling initiated from FasL is mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases including extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase which induce subsequent activation of NF-κB. These data indicate that membrane expression of FasL and its interaction with its counterpart may contribute to the inflammatory activation of macrophages during immune reactions or pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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37
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Muthaiyan A, Hernandez-Hernandez O, Moreno FJ, Sanz ML, Ricke SC. Hydrolyzed caseinomacropeptide conjugated galactooligosaccharides support the growth and enhance the bile tolerance in Lactobacillus strains. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6839-6845. [PMID: 22686275 DOI: 10.1021/jf301392y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study bioactive caseinomacropeptide was conjugated with prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (hCMP:GOS) by Maillard reaction to synthesize value added prebiotic compounds to Lactobacillus strains. Growth study showed the ability of hCMP:GOS to serve as a sole carbon source for Lactobacillus strains. A significant amount of acetate and lactate was detected in cell free culture supernatant by HPLC. It demonstrated the ability of Lactobacillus strains to ferment the hCMP:GOS as a carbon source. In addition, hCMP:GOS grown Lactobacillus cells exhibited enhanced bile tolerance and retained 90% viability. Overall results of this study indicate that the hCMP conjugated GOS can be potential multipurpose prebiotic substrates to enhance the growth and bile tolerance in Lactobacillus strains and serve as a fermentable substrate to produce beneficial metabolites in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunachalam Muthaiyan
- Center for Food Safety-Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, United States
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38
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Solverson P, Murali SG, Brinkman AS, Nelson DW, Clayton MK, Yen CLE, Ney DM. Glycomacropeptide, a low-phenylalanine protein isolated from cheese whey, supports growth and attenuates metabolic stress in the murine model of phenylketonuria. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E885-95. [PMID: 22297302 PMCID: PMC3330708 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00647.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is caused by a mutation in the phenylalanine (phe) hydroxylase gene and requires a low-phe diet plus amino acid (AA) formula to prevent cognitive impairment. Glycomacropeptide (GMP) contains minimal phe and provides a palatable alternative to AA formula. Our objective was to compare growth, body composition, and energy balance in Pah(enu2) (PKU) and wild-type mice fed low-phe GMP, low-phe AA, or high-phe casein diets from 3-23 wk of age. The 2 × 2 × 3 design included main effects of genotype, sex, and diet. Fat and lean mass were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and acute energy balance was assessed by indirect calorimetry. PKU mice showed growth and lean mass similar to wild-type littermates fed the GMP or AA diets; however, they exhibited a 3-15% increase in energy expenditure, as reflected in oxygen consumption, and a 3-30% increase in food intake. The GMP diet significantly reduced energy expenditure, food intake, and plasma phe concentration in PKU mice compared with the casein diet. The high-phe casein diet or the low-phe AA diet induced metabolic stress in PKU mice, as reflected in increased energy expenditure and intake of food and water, increased renal and spleen mass, and elevated plasma cytokine concentrations consistent with systemic inflammation. The low-phe GMP diet significantly attenuated these adverse effects. Moreover, total fat mass, %body fat, and the respiratory exchange ratio (CO(2) produced/O(2) consumed) were significantly lower in PKU mice fed GMP compared with AA diets. In summary, GMP provides a physiological source of low-phe dietary protein that promotes growth and attenuates the metabolic stress induced by a high-phe casein or low-phe AA diet in PKU mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Solverson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 53706, USA
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Swaggerty CL, He H, Genovese KJ, Pevzner IY, Kogut MH. Protein tyrosine kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling pathways contribute to differences in heterophil-mediated innate immune responsiveness between two lines of broilers. Avian Pathol 2011; 40:289-97. [DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2011.565310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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40
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López-Posadas R, Requena P, González R, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, Sánchez de Medina F, Martínez-Augustin O. Bovine glycomacropeptide has intestinal antiinflammatory effects in rats with dextran sulfate-induced colitis. J Nutr 2010; 140:2014-9. [PMID: 20881082 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.118448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk κ-casein-derived bovine glycomacropeptide (GMP) has immunomodulatory and bacterial toxin-binding effects, and it has been shown to exert intestinal antiinflammatory activity in the trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced model of colitis. However, its mechanism of action is not well characterized, and it is not known whether GMP is effective in other experimental models. The intestinal antiinflammatory activity of GMP was assessed in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced model of rat colitis. DSS was applied at a starting concentration of 5% (wt:v) in drinking water and adjusted when the disease activity index (DAI) increased substantially for 10 d. There were 3 experimental groups: control (no inflammation), DSS, and GMP (GMP-treated rats with DSS-induced colitis). GMP pretreatment (500 mg · kg(-1) · d(-1), starting 2 d before DSS treatment) reduced the DAI by 60% and lowered the colonic damage score by 44% (P < 0.05). GMP fully normalized the colonic expression of interleukin (IL) 1β, IL17, IL23, IL6, transforming growth factor β, IL10, and Foxp3 as assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. The production of interferon-γ by mesenteric lymph node cells ex vivo was also normalized by GMP treatment. In contrast, GMP did not change colonic thickening, myeloperoxidase, cyclooxygenase 2, or alkaline phosphatase. Histology analysis showed better preservation of the epithelium and attenuated infiltration and submucosal thickening in rats treated with GMP. We conclude that GMP exerts intestinal antiinflammatory activity in this model, which may be primarily related to actions on Th1 and Th17 lymphocytes and perhaps macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío López-Posadas
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada 18071, Spain
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Lee SH, Kim EJ, Suk K, Kim IS, Lee WH. TL1A induces the expression of TGF-β-inducible gene h3 (βig-h3) through PKC, PI3K, and ERK in THP-1 cells. Cell Immunol 2010; 266:61-6. [PMID: 20863486 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
βig-h3, an extracellular matrix protein involved in various biological processes including cellular growth, differentiation, adhesion, migration, and angiogenesis, has been shown to be elevated in various inflammatory processes. Death receptor 3 (DR3), a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily that is expressed on T cells and macrophages, is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes through interaction with its cognate ligand, TNF-like ligand 1A (TL1A). In order to find out whether the TL1A-induced inflammatory activation of macrophages is associated with the up-regulation of βig-h3 expression, the human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1) was stimulated with either recombinant human TL1A- or DR3-specific monoclonal antibodies. Stimulation of DR3 up-regulated the intracellular levels as well as the secretion of βig-h3. Utilization of various inhibitors and Western blot analysis revealed that activation of protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphoinositide kinase-3 (PI3K), and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) is required for TL1A-induced βig-h3 expression. PKC appears to be the upstream regulator of PI3K since the presence of PKC inhibitor blocked the phosphorylation of AKT without affecting ERK phosphorylation. On the other hand, suppression of either PI3K or ERK activity resulted in the suppression of IκB phosphorylation. These findings indicate that TL1A can regulate the inflammatory processes through modulation of the βig-h3 expression through two separate pathways, one through PKC and PI3K and the other through ERK, which culminates at NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hee Lee
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Activation of CD147 with cyclophilin a induces the expression of IFITM1 through ERK and PI3K in THP-1 cells. Mediators Inflamm 2010; 2010:821940. [PMID: 20847954 PMCID: PMC2935166 DOI: 10.1155/2010/821940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 06/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/30/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
CD147, as a receptor for Cyclophilins, is a multifunctional transmembrane glycoprotein. In order to identify genes that are induced by activation of CD147, THP-1 cells were stimulated with Cyclophilin A and differentially expressed genes were detected using PCR-based analysis. Interferon-induced transmembrane 1 (IFITM1) was detected to be induced and it was confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. CD147-induced expression of IFITM1 was blocked by inhibitors of ERK, PI3K, or NF-κB, but not by inhibitors of p38, JNK, or PKC. IFITM1 appears to mediate inflammatory activation of THP-1 cells since cross-linking of IFITM1 with specific monoclonal antibody against it induced the expression of proinflammatory mediators such as IL-8 and MMP-9. These data indicate that IFITM1 is one of the pro-inflammatory mediators that are induced by signaling initiated by the activation of CD147 in macrophages and activation of ERK, PI3K, and NF-κB is required for the expression of IFITM1.
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New insights into the immunological effects of food bioactive peptides in animal models of intestinal inflammation. Proc Nutr Soc 2010; 69:454-62. [PMID: 20598199 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665110001783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides have proven to be active in several conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This is a chronic and relapsing condition of unknown aetiology that comprises chiefly ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Although there are treatments for IBD, they have frequent side effects and they are not always effective; therefore there is a need for new therapies that could alleviate this condition. Two bioactive peptides present in milk (transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and casein macropeptide, also named glycomacropeptide) have been shown to have intestinal anti-inflammatory activities. In fact, TGF-beta is currently added to formulas intended for patients with IBD, and several studies indicate that these formulas could induce clinical remission. In this paper, evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory effect of TGF-beta and bovine glycomacropeptide, as well as their mechanisms of action, is reviewed, focusing on the evidence obtained in animal models.
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Requena P, González R, López-Posadas R, Abadía-Molina A, Suárez MD, Zarzuelo A, de Medina FS, Martínez-Augustin O. The intestinal antiinflammatory agent glycomacropeptide has immunomodulatory actions on rat splenocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 79:1797-804. [PMID: 20178776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bovine glycomacropeptide (GMP) is an immunologically active milk peptide that is a part of the normal human diet. GMP has therapeutic value in preclinical models of intestinal inflammation, and its mechanism may be related to effects on lymphocytes. This study focuses on the actions of GMP on rat splenocytes in vitro and in vivo. Bovine serum albumin and lactoferrin were used for comparative purposes. GMP (0.01-0.1mgmL(-1)) enhanced Concanavalin A (ConA) evoked but not basal splenocyte proliferation. At 1mgmL(-1) GMP lost this effect but augmented basal TNF-alpha secretion and also iNOS and COX2 expression. IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-17 were not affected by GMP in quiescent splenocytes, but IL-10 was augmented at all concentrations tested. On the other hand, GMP produced a marked inhibitory effect (70%) on IFN-gamma secretion and to a lower extent (50%) also on TNF-alpha. GMP was shown to block STAT4 but not IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation. The Treg marker Foxp3 was markedly upregulated by GMP. Bovine serum albumin had some effects on splenocyte function which were of lower magnitude and not entirely coincidental, while lactoferrin had a strong antiproliferative effect, as expected, indicating a specific effect of GMP. When administered for 3 days to normal Wistar rats, GMP reproduced the Foxp3 induction effect observed previously in vitro. This was observed in splenocytes but not in thymocytes, and only when administered by the oral rather than the intraperitoneal route. Thus our results support the hypothesis that GMP may limit intestinal inflammation acting at least in part on lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Requena
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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