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Ahmed MA, Kamel EO, Abd-Eldayem AM. Role of cAMP/pCREB and GSK-3β/NF-κB p65 signaling pathways in the renoprotective effect of mirabegron against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176617. [PMID: 38679120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury and other renal disorders are thought to be primarily caused by renal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR). Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) has plenty of physiological pleiotropic effects and preserves tissue integrity and functions. This research aimed to examine the potential protective effects of the β3-adrenergic receptors agonist mirabegron in a rat model of RIR and its underlying mechanisms. Male rats enrolled in this work were given an oral dose of 30 mg/kg mirabegron for two days before surgical induction of RIR. Renal levels of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-10 (IL-10), cAMP, cAMP-responsive element binding protein (pCREB), and glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK-3β) were assessed along with blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Additionally, caspase-3 and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 were explored by immunohistochemical analysis. Renal specimens were inspected for histopathological changes. RIR led to renal tissue damage with elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels. The renal KIM-1, MCP-1, TNF-α, and GSK-3β were significantly increased, while IL-10, cAMP, and pCREB levels were reduced. Moreover, upregulation of caspase-3 and NF-κB p65 protein expression was seen in RIR rats. Mirabegron significantly reduced kidney dysfunction, histological abnormalities, inflammation, and apoptosis in the rat renal tissues. Mechanistically, mirabegron mediated these effects via modulation of cAMP/pCREB and GSK-3β/NF-κB p65 signaling pathways. Mirabegron administration could protect renal tissue and maintain renal function against RIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esam O Kamel
- Department of Medical Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abd-Eldayem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Merit University, Sohag, Egypt.
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2
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Mohamed HE, Abdelhady MA, Elmaghraby AM, Elrashidy RA. Empagliflozin and pirfenidone confer renoprotection through suppression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β and promotion of tubular regeneration in rats with induced metabolic syndrome. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 485:116892. [PMID: 38492675 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is largely coupled with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) pathway drives tubular injury in animal models of acute kidney injury; but its contribution in CKD is still elusive. This study investigated the effect empagliflozin and/or pirfenidone against MetS-induced kidney dysfunction, and to clarify additional underpinning mechanisms particularly the GSK-3β signaling pathway. Adult male rats received 10%w/v fructose in drinking water for 20 weeks to develop MetS, then treated with either drug vehicle, empagliflozin (30 mg/kg/day) and/or pirfenidone (100 mg/kg/day) via oral gavage for subsequent 4 weeks, concurrently with the high dietary fructose. Age-matched rats receiving normal drinking water were used as controls. After 24 weeks, blood and kidneys were harvested for subsequent analyses. Rats with MetS showed signs of kidney dysfunction, structural changes and interstitial fibrosis. Activation of GSK-3β, decreased cyclinD1 expression and enhanced apoptotic signaling were found in kidneys of MetS rats. There was abundant alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression along with up-regulation of TGF-β1/Smad3 in kidneys of MetS rats. These derangements were almost alleviated by empagliflozin or pirfenidone, with evidence that the combined therapy was more effective than either individual drug. This study emphasizes a novel mechanism underpinning the beneficial effects of empagliflozin and pirfenidone on kidney dysfunction associated with MetS through targeting GSK-3β signaling which can mediate the regenerative capacity, anti-apoptotic effects and anti-fibrotic properties of such drugs. These findings recommend the possibility of using empagliflozin and pirfenidone as promising therapies for management of CKD in patients with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda E Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Merna A Abdelhady
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Elmaghraby
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Rania A Elrashidy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
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3
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Yousef Yengej FA, Pou Casellas C, Ammerlaan CME, Olde Hanhof CJA, Dilmen E, Beumer J, Begthel H, Meeder EMG, Hoenderop JG, Rookmaaker MB, Verhaar MC, Clevers H. Tubuloid differentiation to model the human distal nephron and collecting duct in health and disease. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113614. [PMID: 38159278 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoid technology is rapidly gaining ground for studies on organ (patho)physiology. Tubuloids are long-term expanding organoids grown from adult kidney tissue or urine. The progenitor state of expanding tubuloids comes at the expense of differentiation. Here, we differentiate tubuloids to model the distal nephron and collecting ducts, essential functional parts of the kidney. Differentiation suppresses progenitor traits and upregulates genes required for function. A single-cell atlas reveals that differentiation predominantly generates thick ascending limb and principal cells. Differentiated human tubuloids express luminal NKCC2 and ENaC capable of diuretic-inhibitable electrolyte uptake and enable disease modeling as demonstrated by a lithium-induced tubulopathy model. Lithium causes hallmark AQP2 loss, induces proliferation, and upregulates inflammatory mediators, as seen in vivo. Lithium also suppresses electrolyte transport in multiple segments. In conclusion, this tubuloid model enables modeling of the human distal nephron and collecting duct in health and disease and provides opportunities to develop improved therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fjodor A Yousef Yengej
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Pou Casellas
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carola M E Ammerlaan
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte J A Olde Hanhof
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Emre Dilmen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joep Beumer
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Institute of Human Biology, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elise M G Meeder
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Joost G Hoenderop
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research-KNAW & University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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4
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Zhang C, Zhai T, Zhu J, Wei D, Ren S, Yang Y, Gao F, Zhao L. Research Progress of Antioxidants in Oxidative Stress Therapy after Spinal Cord Injury. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:3473-3484. [PMID: 37526867 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious problem in the central nervous system resulting in high disability and mortality with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Oxidative stress is one of the main secondary reactions of SCI, and its main pathophysiological marker is the production of excess reactive oxygen species. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species and insufficient antioxidant capacity lead to the occurrence of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and the dysregulation of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation leads to further aggravation of damage. Oxidative stress can initiate a variety of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways, and targeted antioxidant therapy can greatly reduce oxidative stress and reduce neuroinflammation, which has a certain positive effect on rehabilitation and prognosis in SCI. This article reviewed the research on different types of antioxidants and related treatments in SCI, focusing on the mechanisms of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Zhang
- Medical School of Yan'an University, No. 580 Shengdi Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyu Zhai
- Medical School of Yan'an University, No. 580 Shengdi Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinghui Zhu
- Medical School of Yan'an University, No. 580 Shengdi Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmin Wei
- Medical School of Yan'an University, No. 580 Shengdi Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuting Ren
- Medical School of Yan'an University, No. 580 Shengdi Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- Medical School of Yan'an University, No. 580 Shengdi Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Medical School of Yan'an University, No. 580 Shengdi Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Medical School of Yan'an University, No. 580 Shengdi Road, Baota District, Yan'an, 716000, Shaanxi, China.
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Mohamed OS, Abdel Baky NA, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Al-Najjar AH. Lactoferrin alleviates cyclophosphamide induced-nephropathy through suppressing the orchestration between Wnt4/β-catenin and ERK1/2/NF-κB signaling and modulating klotho and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Life Sci 2023; 319:121528. [PMID: 36828132 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent with vast arrays of therapeutic activity. Currently, its medical use is limited due to its numerous adverse events, including nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to follow the molecular mechanisms behind the potential renoprotective action of lactoferrin (LF) against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced renal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS For fulfillment of our aim, Spragw-Dwaly rats were orally administrated LF (300 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (150 mg/kg). KEY FINDINGS Treatment of CP-injured rats with LF significantly reduced the elevated creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), markedly upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling with consequent increase in renal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and decrease in renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Furthermore, LF treatment significantly reduced the elevated renal p-ERK1/2 expression, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) levels in CP-treated animals. Interestingly, LF treatment downregulated Wnt4/β-catenin signaling and increased both renal klotho gene expression and serum klotho level. Furthermore, LF treatment reduced apoptosis in kidney tissue via suppressing GSK-3β expression and modulating caspase-3 and Bcl2 levels. Histopathological examination of kidney tissue confirmed the protective effect of LF against CP-induced renal injury. SIGNIFICANCE The present findings document the renoprotective effect of LF against CP-induced nephropathy, which may be mediated via suppressing ERK1/2/ NF-κB and Wnt4/β-catenin trajectories and enhancing klotho expression and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola S Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya H Al-Najjar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Yang C, Zhu B, Zhan M, Hua ZC. Lithium in Cancer Therapy: Friend or Foe? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041095. [PMID: 36831437 PMCID: PMC9954674 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium, a trace element important for fetal health and development, is considered a metal drug with a well-established clinical regime, economical production process, and a mature storage system. Several studies have shown that lithium affects tumor development by regulating inositol monophosphate (IMPase) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Lithium can also promote proliferation and programmed cell death (PCD) in tumor cells through a number of new targets, such as the nuclear receptor NR4A1 and Hedgehog-Gli. Lithium may increase cancer treatment efficacy while reducing side effects, suggesting that it can be used as an adjunctive therapy. In this review, we summarize the effects of lithium on tumor progression and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, we discuss lithium's limitations in antitumor clinical applications, including its narrow therapeutic window and potential pro-cancer effects on the tumor immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhao Yang
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (Z.-C.H.)
| | - Mingjie Zhan
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- School of Biopharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (Z.-C.H.)
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7
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Fazio F, Aragona F, Piccione G, Arfuso F, Giannetto C. Lithium concentration in biological samples and gender difference in athletic horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2022; 117:104081. [PMID: 35843390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2022.104081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lithium (Li+) represent a substance particularly used for human's psychiatric disorders but its therapeutic effect is not well documented for equine specie. For its neurotrophic effect it may be used as a possible doping substance in horses sport competitions. The purpose of the present study was to determinate the different bioaccumulation of lithium concentration in different biological substrates (blood, serum, mane and tail), in 30 horses (15 geldings and 15 mares) and haematological parameters as blood biomarkers for lithium bioaccumulation. (RBC, WBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC). The lithium concentration in substrates were analysed by one-way ANOVA. Unpaired t-test was performed between geldings and mares in all substrates. Furthermore, a single regression analysis (Pearson) has been carried out between lithium concentration of all biological substrates with each other and between the substrates with the haematological parameters. Our results showed a higher value of lithium concentration in blood and mane in total, and a higher value in mane and tail for mares than geldings. Correlation analysis showed only a significative correlation among blood, serum and tail. A significative statistical correlation between blood and all haematological parameters except for WBC and MCH was observed. A significative correlation was showed for serum and RBC, HGB and HCT and between tail and HGB, HCT and MCHC. No significative correlation was observed for mane and haematological parameters. These data could be useful for the evaluation of biodistribution of lithium in athletic horse in relation to different gender for future use in doping control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci snc, University of Messina. 98168, Messina, Italy.
| | - Francesca Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci snc, University of Messina. 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Piccione
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci snc, University of Messina. 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Arfuso
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci snc, University of Messina. 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia Giannetto
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Via Palatucci snc, University of Messina. 98168, Messina, Italy
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8
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Pharmacological properties of indirubin and its derivatives. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 151:113112. [PMID: 35598366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indirubin is the main bioactive component of the traditional Chinese medicine Indigo naturalis and is a bisindole alkaloid. Multiple studies have shown that indirubin exhibits good anticancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. METHODS The purpose of this review is to provide a summary of the pharmacological mechanisms of indirubin and its derivatives. RESULTS Indirubin and its derivatives exert anticancer effects by regulating the expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), GSK-3β, Bax, Bcl-2, C-MYC, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways and other signaling pathways. We also reviewed the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties of indirubin and its derivatives. CONCLUSION The findings of recent studies assessing indirubin and its derivatives suggest that these compounds can be used as potential drugs to treat tumors, inflammation, neuropathy and bacterial infection.
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9
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Chen CL, Tseng PC, Satria RD, Nguyen TT, Tsai CC, Lin CF. Role of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 in Interferon-γ-Mediated Immune Hepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094669. [PMID: 35563060 PMCID: PMC9101719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), a serine/threonine kinase, is a vital glycogen synthase regulator controlling glycogen synthesis, glucose metabolism, and insulin signaling. GSK-3 is widely expressed in different types of cells, and its abundant roles in cellular bioregulation have been speculated. Abnormal GSK-3 activation and inactivation may affect its original bioactivity. Moreover, active and inactive GSK-3 can regulate several cytosolic factors and modulate their diverse cellular functional roles. Studies in experimental liver disease models have illustrated the possible pathological role of GSK-3 in facilitating acute hepatic injury. Pharmacologically targeting GSK-3 is therefore suggested as a therapeutic strategy for liver protection. Furthermore, while the signaling transduction of GSK-3 facilitates proinflammatory interferon (IFN)-γ in vitro and in vivo, the blockade of GSK-3 can be protective, as shown by an IFN-γ-induced immune hepatitis model. In this study, we explored the possible regulation of GSK-3 and the potential relevance of GSK-3 blockade in IFN-γ-mediated immune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Rahmat Dani Satria
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Clinical Laboratory Installation, Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Thi Thuy Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Oncology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue City 530000, Vietnam
| | - Cheng-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 703, Taiwan
- Department of Long Term Care Management, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 703, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (C.-F.L.)
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (R.D.S.); (T.T.N.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-C.T.); (C.-F.L.)
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Fang Y, Chen B, Liu Z, Gong AY, Gunning WT, Ge Y, Malhotra D, Gohara AF, Dworkin LD, Gong R. Age-related GSK3β overexpression drives podocyte senescence and glomerular aging. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:141848. [PMID: 35166234 PMCID: PMC8843754 DOI: 10.1172/jci141848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy continues to increase, clinicians are challenged by age-related renal impairment that involves podocyte senescence and glomerulosclerosis. There is now compelling evidence that lithium has a potent antiaging activity that ameliorates brain aging and increases longevity in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. As the major molecular target of lithium action and a multitasking protein kinase recently implicated in a variety of renal diseases, glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is overexpressed and hyperactive with age in glomerular podocytes, correlating with functional and histological signs of kidney aging. Moreover, podocyte-specific ablation of GSK3β substantially attenuated podocyte senescence and glomerular aging in mice. Mechanistically, key mediators of senescence signaling, such as p16INK4A and p53, contain high numbers of GSK3β consensus motifs, physically interact with GSK3β, and act as its putative substrates. In addition, therapeutic targeting of GSK3β by microdose lithium later in life reduced senescence signaling and delayed kidney aging in mice. Furthermore, in psychiatric patients, lithium carbonate therapy inhibited GSK3β activity and mitigated senescence signaling in urinary exfoliated podocytes and was associated with preservation of kidney function. Thus, GSK3β appears to play a key role in podocyte senescence by modulating senescence signaling and may be an actionable senostatic target to delay kidney aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bohan Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yan Ge
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and
| | | | | | - Lance D Dworkin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine and.,Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA.,Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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11
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Zhao YJ, Qiao H, Liu DF, Li J, Li JX, Chang SE, Lu T, Li FT, Wang D, Li HP, He XJ, Wang F. Lithium promotes recovery after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 17:1324-1333. [PMID: 34782578 PMCID: PMC8643056 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium is associated with oxidative stress and apoptosis, but the mechanism by which lithium protects against spinal cord injury remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that intraperitoneal administration of lithium chloride (LiCl) in a rat model of spinal cord injury alleviated pathological spinal cord injury and inhibited expression of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6, and interleukin 1 β. Lithium inhibited pyroptosis and reduced inflammation by inhibiting Caspase-1 expression, reducing the oxidative stress response, and inhibiting activation of the Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome. We also investigated the neuroprotective effects of lithium intervention on oxygen/glucose-deprived PC12 cells. We found that lithium reduced inflammation, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and necrosis and up-regulated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 in PC12 cells. All-trans retinoic acid, an Nrf2 inhibitor, reversed the effects of lithium. These results suggest that lithium exerts anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-pyroptotic effects through the Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 pathway to promote recovery after spinal cord injury. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Xi’an Jiaotong University (approval No. 2018-2053) on October 23, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hao Qiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dong-Fan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Xi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Su-E Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Teng Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Feng-Tao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hao-Peng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xi-Jing He
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine; Department of Orthopedics, Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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12
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Nespital T, Neuhaus B, Mesaros A, Pahl A, Partridge L. Lithium can mildly increase health during ageing but not lifespan in mice. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13479. [PMID: 34532960 PMCID: PMC8520709 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium is a nutritional trace element, used clinically as an anti‐depressant. Preclinically, lithium has neuroprotective effects in invertebrates and mice, and it can also extend lifespan in fission yeast, C. elegans and Drosophila. An inverse correlation of human mortality with the concentration of lithium in tap water suggests a possible, evolutionarily conserved mechanism mediating longevity. Here, we assessed the effects of lithium treatment on lifespan and ageing parameters in mice. Lithium has a narrow therapeutic dose range, and overdosing can severely affect organ health. Within the tolerable dosing range, we saw some mildly positive effects of lithium on health span but not on lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brit Neuhaus
- Max‐Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne Germany
| | - Andrea Mesaros
- Max‐Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne Germany
| | - André Pahl
- Max‐Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne Germany
| | - Linda Partridge
- Max‐Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing Cologne Germany
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and GEE, UCL London UK
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13
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Herzog R, Sacnun JM, González-Mateo G, Bartosova M, Bialas K, Wagner A, Unterwurzacher M, Sobieszek IJ, Daniel-Fischer L, Rusai K, Pascual-Antón L, Kaczirek K, Vychytil A, Schmitt CP, López-Cabrera M, Alper SL, Aufricht C, Kratochwill K. Lithium preserves peritoneal membrane integrity by suppressing mesothelial cell αB-crystallin. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/608/eaaz9705. [PMID: 34433641 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz9705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Life-saving renal replacement therapy by peritoneal dialysis (PD) is limited in use and duration by progressive impairment of peritoneal membrane integrity and homeostasis. Preservation of peritoneal membrane integrity during chronic PD remains an urgent but long unmet medical need. PD therapy failure results from peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis caused by hypertonic PD fluid (PDF)-induced mesothelial cytotoxicity. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved are incompletely understood, limiting identification of therapeutic targets. We report that addition of lithium chloride (LiCl) to PDF is a translatable intervention to counteract PDF-induced mesothelial cell death, peritoneal membrane fibrosis, and angiogenesis. LiCl improved mesothelial cell survival in a dose-dependent manner. Combined transcriptomic and proteomic characterization of icodextrin-based PDF-induced mesothelial cell injury identified αB-crystallin as the mesothelial cell protein most consistently counter-regulated by LiCl. In vitro and in vivo overexpression of αB-crystallin triggered a fibrotic phenotype and PDF-like up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31-positive cells, and TGF-β-independent activation of TGF-β-regulated targets. In contrast, αB-crystallin knockdown decreased VEGF expression and early mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. LiCl reduced VEGF release and counteracted fibrosis- and angiogenesis-associated processes. αB-crystallin in patient-derived mesothelial cells was specifically up-regulated in response to PDF and increased in peritoneal mesothelial cells from biopsies from pediatric patients undergoing PD, correlating with markers of angiogenesis and fibrosis. LiCl-supplemented PDF promoted morphological preservation of mesothelial cells and the submesothelial zone in a mouse model of chronic PD. Thus, repurposing LiCl as a cytoprotective PDF additive may offer a translatable therapeutic strategy to combat peritoneal membrane deterioration during PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Herzog
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Juan Manuel Sacnun
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Zytoprotec GmbH, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Guadalupe González-Mateo
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Molecular Biology Centre Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Bialas
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Zytoprotec GmbH, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Wagner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Unterwurzacher
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel J Sobieszek
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Daniel-Fischer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Krisztina Rusai
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucía Pascual-Antón
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Molecular Biology Centre Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Klaus Kaczirek
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Vychytil
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manuel López-Cabrera
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Molecular Biology Centre Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Seth L Alper
- Division of Nephrology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Aufricht
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Kratochwill
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Stress Research in Peritoneal Dialysis, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria. .,Division of Pediatric Nephrology and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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14
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Hsing CH, Tsai CC, Chen CL, Lin YH, Tseng PC, Satria RD, Lin CF. Pharmacologically Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Ameliorates Renal Inflammation and Nephrotoxicity in an Animal Model of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury. Biomedicines 2021; 9:887. [PMID: 34440091 PMCID: PMC8389561 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The adverse effect of cisplatin administration causes acute kidney injury (AKI) following renal inflammation and nephrotoxicity, characterized by proximal tubular cell apoptosis and necrosis. Pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory roles of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β have been reported. This study investigated the therapeutic blockade of GSK-3β in cisplatin-induced AKI. A renal cisplatin nephrotoxicity model showed activation of GSK-3β in vivo, particularly in proximal tubular epithelial cells. Pharmacologically inhibiting GSK-3β abolished cisplatin nephrotoxicity, including proximal tubular injury, cell cytotoxicity, and biochemical dysfunction. Additionally, GSK-3β inhibitor treatment ameliorated renal inflammation by reducing immune cell infiltration, cell adhesion molecule expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine production. Cisplatin treatment caused GSK-3β activation in vitro in the human renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2, whereas either pharmacological administration of GSK-3β inhibitors or genetic transduction of GSK-3β short-hairpin RNA impeded cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. These results indicate that cisplatin activates GSK-3β followed by GSK-3β-mediated renal inflammation and nephrotoxicity, contributing to AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Hsi Hsing
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 703, Taiwan;
- Department of Long Term Care Management, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 703, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Chen
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hui Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Chun Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (P.-C.T.); (R.D.S.)
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rahmat Dani Satria
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (P.-C.T.); (R.D.S.)
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Clinical Laboratory Installation, Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (P.-C.T.); (R.D.S.)
- Core Laboratory of Immune Monitoring, Office of Research & Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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15
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Lithium Chloride Protects against Sepsis-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Cancer Cachexia. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051017. [PMID: 33925786 PMCID: PMC8146089 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle wasting occurs in patients with sepsis and cancer cachexia. Both conditions severely affect patient morbidity and mortality. Lithium chloride has previously been shown to enhance myogenesis and prevent certain forms of muscular dystrophy. However, to our knowledge, the effect of lithium chloride treatment on sepsis-induced muscle atrophy and cancer cachexia has not yet been investigated. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of lithium chloride using in vitro and in vivo models of cancer cachexia and sepsis. Lithium chloride prevented wasting in myotubes cultured with cancer cell-conditioned media, maintained the expression of the muscle fiber contractile protein, myosin heavy chain 2, and inhibited the upregulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, Atrogin-1. In addition, it inhibited the upregulation of inflammation-associated cytokines in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide. In the animal model of sepsis, lithium chloride treatment improved body weight, increased muscle mass, preserved the survival of larger fibers, and decreased the expression of muscle-wasting effector genes. In a model of cancer cachexia, lithium chloride increased muscle mass, enhanced muscle strength, and increased fiber cross-sectional area, with no significant effect on tumor mass. These results indicate that lithium chloride exerts therapeutic effects on inflammation-mediated skeletal muscle wasting, such as sepsis-induced muscle atrophy and cancer cachexia.
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16
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Abdel-Wahab BA, Ali FEM, Alkahtani SA, Alshabi AM, Mahnashi MH, Hassanein EHM. Hepatoprotective effect of rebamipide against methotrexate-induced hepatic intoxication: role of Nrf2/GSK-3β, NF-κβ-p65/JAK1/STAT3, and PUMA/Bax/Bcl-2 signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:493-503. [PMID: 32865051 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1811307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The fact that methotrexate (MTX) is hepatotoxic is an important reason to limit its clinical use. Rebamipide (REB) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and is useful for the treatment of gastro-duodenal ulcers. This study investigated the impact and protective mechanisms of REB against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were divided into four groups of six rats each: a control group, REB group (REB 100 mg/kg/day, orally), MTX control group (20 mg/kg, single i.p.), and MTX + REB group. RESULTS The administration of MTX induced marked hepatic injury in the form of hepatocyte inflammatory swelling, degeneration, apoptosis, and focal necrosis. In parallel, our biochemical investigations revealed a marked hepatic dysfunction associated with the disturbance of the oxidant/antioxidant balance in the group treated with only MTX. Moreover, MTX led to the down-regulation of the hepatic Nrf2 and Bcl-2 expressions along with a marked elevation in the hepatic NF-κβ-p65, GSK-3β, JAK1, STAT3, PUMA, and Bax expressions. On the other hand, co-treatment with REB significantly ameliorated the aforementioned histopathological, biochemical, and molecular defects caused by MTX treatment. CONCLUSION the outcomes of the present study showed REB's ability to protect from hepatic injury induced by MTX, possibly through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties. These effects could be attributed to REB's ability to modulate, at least in part, the Nrf2/GSK-3β,NF-κβ-p65/JAK1/STAT3, and PUMA/Bax/Bcl-2signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel A Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Saad A Alkahtani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Alshabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mater H Mahnashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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17
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Almoshari Y, Ren R, Zhang H, Jia Z, Wei X, Chen N, Li G, Ryu S, Lele SM, Reinhardt RA, Wang D. GSK3 inhibitor-loaded osteotropic Pluronic hydrogel effectively mitigates periodontal tissue damage associated with experimental periodontitis. Biomaterials 2020; 261:120293. [PMID: 32877763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by complex interactions between the host immune system and pathogens that affect the integrity of periodontium. To prevent disease progression and thus preserve alveolar bone structure, simultaneous anti-inflammatory and osteogenic intervention are essential. Hence, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor (BIO) was selected as a potent inflammation modulator and osteogenic agent to achieve this treatment objective. BIO's lack of osteotropicity, poor water solubility, and potential long-term systemic side effects, however, have hampered its clinical applications. To address these limitations, pyrophosphorylated Pluronic F127 (F127-PPi) was synthesized and mixed with regular F127 to prepare an injectable and thermoresponsive hydrogel formulation (PF127) of BIO, which could adhere to hard tissue and gradually release BIO to exert its therapeutic effects locally. Comparing to F127 hydrogel, PF127 hydrogels exhibited stronger binding to hydroxyapatite (HA). Additionally, BIO's solubility in PF127 solution was dramatically improved over F127 solution and the improvement was proportional to the polymer concentration. When evaluated on a rat model of periodontitis, PF127-BIO hydrogel treatment was found to be very effective in preserving alveolar bone and ligament, and preventing periodontal inflammation, as shown by the micro-CT and histological data, respectively. Altogether, these findings suggested that the thermoresponsive PF127 hydrogel is an effective local drug delivery system for better clinical management of periodontitis and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rongguo Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Zhenshan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ningrong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Guojuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sangjin Ryu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Subodh M Lele
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Richard A Reinhardt
- Department of Surgical Specialties, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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18
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Sinha S, Dwivedi N, Woodgett J, Tao S, Howard C, Fields TA, Jamadar A, Rao R. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibits tubular regeneration in acute kidney injury by a FoxM1-dependent mechanism. FASEB J 2020; 34:13597-13608. [PMID: 32813289 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000526rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by injury to the tubular epithelium that leads to the sudden loss of renal function. Proper tubular regeneration is essential to prevent progression to chronic kidney disease. In this study, we examined the role of FoxM1, a forkhead box family member transcription factor in tubular repair after AKI. Renal FoxM1 expression increased after renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced AKI in mouse kidneys. Treatment with thiostrepton, a FoxM1 inhibitor, reduced FoxM1 regulated pro-proliferative factors and cell proliferation in vitro, and tubular regeneration in mouse kidneys after AKI. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) was found to be an upstream regulator of FoxM1 because GSK3 inhibition or renal tubular GSK3β gene deletion significantly increased FoxM1 expression, and improved tubular repair and renal function. GSK3 inactivation increased β-catenin, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc, and reduced cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27. Importantly, thiostrepton treatment abolished the improved tubular repair in GSK3β knockout mice following AKI. These results demonstrate that FoxM1 is important for renal tubular regeneration following AKI and that GSK3β suppresses tubular repair by inhibiting FoxM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Sinha
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Nidhi Dwivedi
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - James Woodgett
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shixin Tao
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Christianna Howard
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Timothy A Fields
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Abeda Jamadar
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Reena Rao
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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19
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Jamadar A, Rao R. Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Signaling in Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2020; 144:609-612. [PMID: 32726778 DOI: 10.1159/000509354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common clinical syndrome that involves renal tubular epithelial cell death and leads to acute decline in renal function. Improper tubular regeneration following AKI often leads to CKD. We discuss the role of a serine/threonine protein kinase called glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) in renal tubular injury and renal fibrosis. We also highlight the importance of GSK3 as a potential drug target in AKI patients and molecular mechanisms promoting tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeda Jamadar
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Reena Rao
- The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA, .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA,
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20
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Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Facilitates Cytokine Production in 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate/Ionomycin-Activated Human CD4 + T Lymphocytes. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061424. [PMID: 32521784 PMCID: PMC7348852 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are the major immune regulators secreted from activated CD4+ T lymphocytes that activate adaptive immunity to eradicate nonself cells, including pathogens, tumors, and allografts. The regulation of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β, a serine/threonine kinase, controls cytokine production by regulating transcription factors. The artificial in vitro activation of CD4+ T lymphocytes by a combination of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and ionomycin, the so-called T/I model, led to an inducible production of cytokines, such as interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-2. As demonstrated by the approaches of pharmacological targeting and genetic knockdown of GSK-3β, T/I treatment effectively caused GSK-3β activation followed by GSK-3β-regulated cytokine production. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of the proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 and calcineurin signaling pathways blocked cytokine production, probably by deactivating GSK-3β. The blockade of GSK-3β led to the inhibition of the nuclear translocation of T-bet, a vital transcription factor of T lymphocyte cytokines. In a mouse model, treatment with the GSK-3β inhibitor 6-bromoindirubin-3’-oxime significantly inhibited T/I-induced mortality and serum cytokine levels. In summary, targeting GSK-3β effectively inhibits CD4+ T lymphocyte activation and cytokine production.
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21
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Lu M, Wang P, Qiao Y, Jiang C, Ge Y, Flickinger B, Malhotra DK, Dworkin LD, Liu Z, Gong R. GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 antioxidant response: A molecular rheostat of acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition. Redox Biol 2019; 26:101275. [PMID: 31349118 PMCID: PMC6669347 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transition of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents an important cause of kidney failure. However, how AKI is transformed into CKD remains elusive. Following folic acid injury, mice developed AKI with ensuing CKD transition, featured by variable degrees of interstitial fibrosis and tubular cell atrophy and growth arrest. This lingering injury of renal tubules was associated with sustained oxidative stress that was concomitant with an impaired Nrf2 antioxidant defense, marked by mitigated Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and blunted induction of its target antioxidant enzymes, like heme oxygenase (HO)-1. Activation of the canonical Keap1/Nrf2 signaling, nevertheless, seems intact during CKD transition because Nrf2 in injured tubules remained activated and elevated in cytoplasm. Moreover, oxidative thiol modification and activation of Keap1, the cytoplasmic repressor of Nrf2, was barely associated with CKD transition. In contrast, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3β, a key modulator of the Keap1-independent Nrf2 regulation, was persistently overexpressed and hyperactive in injured tubules. Likewise, in patients who developed CKD following AKI due to diverse etiologies, like volume depletion and exposure to radiocontrast agents or aristolochic acid, sustained GSK3β overexpression was evident in renal tubules and coincided with oxidative damages, impaired Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and mitigated induction of antioxidant gene expression. Mechanistically, the Nrf2 response against oxidative insult was sabotaged in renal tubular cells expressing a constitutively active mutant of GSK3β, but reinforced by ectopic expression of dominant negative GSK3β in a Keap1-independent manner. In vivo in folic acid-injured mice, targeting GSK3β in renal tubules via conditional knockout or by weekly microdose lithium treatment reinstated Nrf2 antioxidant response in the kidney and hindered AKI to CKD transition. Ergo, our findings suggest that GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 may serve as an actionable therapeutic target for modifying the long-term sequelae of AKI. AKI to CKD transition involves sustained GSK3β overactivation and impaired Nrf2 response in injured renal tubules. Microdose lithium rectifies GSK3β overactivity in the kidney, reinstates Nrf2 response and hinders AKI to CKD transition. GSK3β-mediated Keap1-independent regulation of Nrf2 is a novel therapeutic target for modifying long-term sequelae of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Lu
- Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China; Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Pei Wang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Yingjin Qiao
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Chunming Jiang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States
| | - Yan Ge
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | | | - Deepak K Malhotra
- Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Lance D Dworkin
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States
| | - Zhangsuo Liu
- Institute of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, 02903, United States; Division of Nephrology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, 43614, United States.
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22
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Marini JJ, DeBacker D, Gattinoni L, Ince C, Martin-Loeches I, Singer P, Singer M, Westphal M, Vincent JL. Thinking forward: promising but unproven ideas for future intensive care. Crit Care 2019; 23:197. [PMID: 31200781 PMCID: PMC6570630 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress toward determining the true worth of ongoing practices or value of recent innovations can be glacially slow when we insist on following the conventional stepwise scientific pathway. Moreover, a widely accepted but flawed conceptual paradigm often proves difficult to challenge, modify or reject. Yet, most experienced clinicians, educators and clinical scientists privately entertain untested ideas about how care could or should be improved, even if the supporting evidence base is currently thin or non-existent. This symposium encouraged experts to share such intriguing but unproven concepts, each based upon what the speaker considered a logical but unproven rationale. Such free interchange invited dialog that pointed toward new or neglected lines of research needed to improve care of the critically ill. In this summary of those presentations, a brief background outlines the rationale for each novel and deliberately provocative unconfirmed idea endorsed by the presenter.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Marini
- Regions Hospital, University of Minnesota, MS11203B, 640 Jackson Street, Minneapolis/St.Paul, MN 55101 USA
| | | | | | - Can Ince
- Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Mervyn Singer
- University College London Medical School, London, UK
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Teixeira DE, Peruchetti DB, Silva LS, Silva-Aguiar RP, Oquendo MB, Silva-Filho JL, Takiya CM, Leal-Cardoso JH, Pinheiro AAS, Caruso-Neves C. Lithium ameliorates tubule-interstitial injury through activation of the mTORC2/protein kinase B pathway. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215871. [PMID: 31002704 PMCID: PMC6474631 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubule-interstitial injury (TII) is a critical step in the progression of renal disease. It has been proposed that changes in proximal tubule (PT) albumin endocytosis plays an important role in the development of TII. Some reports have shown protective effects of lithium on kidney injury animal models that was correlated to proteinuria. We tested the hypothesis that lithium treatment ameliorates the development of TII due to changes in albumin endocytosis. Two experimental models were used: (1) TII induced by albumin overload in an animal model; (2) LLC-PK1 cells, a PT cell line. Lithium treatment ameliorates TII induced by albumin overload measured by (1) proteinuria; (2) collagen deposition; (3) area of tubule-interstitial space, and (4) macrophage infiltration. Lithium treatment increased mTORC2 activity leading to the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) at Ser473 and its activation. This mechanism enhanced albumin endocytosis in PT cells, which decreased the proteinuria observed in TII induced by albumin overload. This effect did not involve changes in the expression of megalin, a PT albumin receptor. In addition, activation of this pathway decreased apoptosis in LLC-PK1 cells, a PT cell line, induced by higher albumin concentration, similar to that found in pathophysiologic conditions. Our results indicate that the protective role of lithium treatment on TII induced by albumin overload involves an increase in PT albumin endocytosis due to activation of the mTORC2/PKB pathway. These results open new possibilities in understanding the effects of lithium on the progression of renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas E. Teixeira
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Diogo B. Peruchetti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro S. Silva
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. Silva-Aguiar
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Morgana B. Oquendo
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Silva-Filho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina M. Takiya
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Acacia S. Pinheiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Regenerativa, INCT-Regenera, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/MCT, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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24
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Feng X, Guan W, Zhao Y, Wang C, Song M, Yao Y, Yang T, Fan H. Dexmedetomidine ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in rats by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress via the GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:18994-19009. [PMID: 30919976 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent and serious complication of sepsis; however, there are currently no effective therapies. Inflammation and oxidative stress are the major mechanisms implicated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to have remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Here, we examined the renoprotective effects of DEX and potential underlying mechanisms in rats with LPS-induced AKI. We analyzed renal function and structure; serum inflammatory cytokine; renal oxidant and antioxidant levels; and renal expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway-related proteins in rats 4 hr after administration of LPS. Pretreatment with DEX improved renal function and significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Treatment with DEX and the GSK-3β inhibitor SB216367 promoted phosphorylation of GSK-3β, induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and increased transcription of the Nrf2 target genes heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase-1, primarily in renal tubules. Alpha-2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) antagonist atipamezole and imidazoline I 2 receptor (I 2 R) antagonist idazoxan reversed the effects of DEX. These results suggest that the renoprotective effects of DEX are mediated via α2-AR and I 2 R-dependent pathways that reduce inflammation and oxidative stress through GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujing Feng
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Guan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Manyu Song
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Yao
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyuan Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggang Fan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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25
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Jankauskas SS, Silachev DN, Andrianova NV, Pevzner IB, Zorova LD, Popkov VA, Plotnikov EY, Zorov DB. Aged kidney: can we protect it? Autophagy, mitochondria and mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1291-1309. [PMID: 29963970 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1482149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-aging strategy is one of the main challenges of the modern biomedical science. The term "aging" covers organisms, cells, cellular organelles and their constituents. In general term, aging system admits the existence of nonfunctional structures which by some reasons have not been removed by a clearing system, e.g., through autophagy/mitophagy marking and destroying unwanted cells or mitochondria. This directly relates to the old kidney which normal functioning is critical for the viability of the organism. One of the main problems in biomedical studies is that in their majority, young organisms serve as a standard with further extrapolation on the aged system. However, some protective systems, which demonstrate their efficiency in young systems, lose their beneficial effect in aged organisms. It is true for ischemic preconditioning of the kidney, which is almost useless for an old kidney. The pharmacological intervention could correct the defects of the senile system provided that the complete understanding of all elements involved in aging will be achieved. We discuss critical elements which determine the difference between young and old phenotypes and give directions to prevent or cure lesions occurring in aged organs including kidney. ABBREVIATIONS AKI: acute kidney injury; I/R: ischemia/reperfusion; CR: caloric restriction; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RC: respiratory chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- a A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Denis N Silachev
- a A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation.,b Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptation , V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Nadezda V Andrianova
- a A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation.,c Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Irina B Pevzner
- a A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation.,b Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptation , V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Ljubava D Zorova
- a A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation.,b Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptation , V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Vasily A Popkov
- a A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation.,c Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- a A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation.,b Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptation , V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology , Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry B Zorov
- a A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology , M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University , Moscow , Russian Federation.,b Department of Molecular Mechanisms of Adaptation , V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology , Moscow , Russian Federation
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26
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Martin LM, Bukoski AD, Whelchel DD, Evans TJ, Wiedmeyer CE, Black SJ, Johnson PJ. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous lithium chloride and assessment of agreement between two methods of lithium concentration measurement in the horse. Equine Vet J 2017; 50:537-543. [PMID: 29112289 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacokinetics of lithium chloride (LiCl) administered as a bolus, once i.v. have not been determined in horses. There is no point-of-care test to measure lithium (Li+ ) concentrations in horses in order to monitor therapeutic levels and avoid toxicity. OBJECTIVES To determine the pharmacokinetics of LiCl in healthy adult horses and to compare agreement between two methods of plasma Li+ concentration measurement: spectrophotometric enzymatic assay (SEA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). STUDY DESIGN Nonrandomised, single exposure with repeated measures over time. METHODS Lithium chloride was administered (0.15 mmol/kg bwt) as an i.v. bolus to eight healthy adult horses. Blood samples were collected pre-administration and at multiple times until 48 h post-administration. Samples were analysed by two methods (SEA and ICP-MS) to determine plasma Li+ concentrations. Pharmacokinetics were determined based on the reference ICP-MS data. RESULTS Adverse side effects were not observed. The SEA showed linearity, R2 = 0.9752; intraday coefficient of variation, 2.5%; and recovery, 96.3%. Both noncompartmental and compartmental analyses (traditional two-stage and nonlinear mixed-effects [NLME] modelling) were performed. Geometric mean values of noncompartmental parameters were plasma Li+ concentration at time zero, 2.19 mmol/L; terminal elimination half-life, 25.68 h; area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to the limit of quantification, 550 mmol/L min; clearance, 0.273 mL/min/kg; mean residence time, 31.22 h; and volume of distribution at steady state, 511 mL/kg. Results of the traditional two-stage analysis showed good agreement with the NLME modelling approach. Bland-Altman analyses demonstrated poor agreement between the SEA and ICP-MS methods (95% limits of agreement = 0.14 ± 0.13 mmol/L). MAIN LIMITATIONS Clinical effects of LiCl have not been investigated. CONCLUSIONS The LiCl i.v. bolus displayed pharmacokinetics similar to those reported in other species. The SEA displayed acceptable precision but did not agree well with the reference method (ICP-MS). The Summary is available in Spanish - see Supporting Information.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Martin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - A D Bukoski
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - D D Whelchel
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - T J Evans
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - C E Wiedmeyer
- Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - S J Black
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P J Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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27
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Beyer DKE, Freund N. Animal models for bipolar disorder: from bedside to the cage. Int J Bipolar Disord 2017; 5:35. [PMID: 29027157 PMCID: PMC5638767 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-017-0104-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is characterized by recurrent manic and depressive episodes. Patients suffering from this disorder experience dramatic mood swings with a wide variety of typical behavioral facets, affecting overall activity, energy, sexual behavior, sense of self, self-esteem, circadian rhythm, cognition, and increased risk for suicide. Effective treatment options are limited and diagnosis can be complicated. To overcome these obstacles, a better understanding of the neurobiology underlying bipolar disorder is needed. Animal models can be useful tools in understanding brain mechanisms associated with certain behavior. The following review discusses several pathological aspects of humans suffering from bipolar disorder and compares these findings with insights obtained from several animal models mimicking diverse facets of its symptomatology. Various sections of the review concentrate on specific topics that are relevant in human patients, namely circadian rhythms, neurotransmitters, focusing on the dopaminergic system, stressful environment, and the immune system. We then explain how these areas have been manipulated to create animal models for the disorder. Even though several approaches have been conducted, there is still a lack of adequate animal models for bipolar disorder. Specifically, most animal models mimic only mania or depression and only a few include the cyclical nature of the human condition. Future studies could therefore focus on modeling both episodes in the same animal model to also have the possibility to investigate the switch from mania-like behavior to depressive-like behavior and vice versa. The use of viral tools and a focus on circadian rhythms and the immune system might make the creation of such animal models possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik K. E. Beyer
- Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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28
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Wang L, Zhu Y, Wang L, Hou J, Gao Y, Shen L, Zhang J. Effects of chronic alcohol exposure on ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury in mice: the role of β-arrestin 2 and glycogen synthase kinase 3. Exp Mol Med 2017. [PMID: 28642577 PMCID: PMC5519017 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.76] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of chronic alcohol intake on the outcome of acute kidney injury (AKI). Hence, we examined the effects of chronic alcohol intake on the development of renal fibrosis following AKI in an animal model of bilateral renal ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. We first found that chronic alcohol exposure exacerbated bilateral IR-induced renal fibrosis and renal function impairment. This phenomenon was associated with increased bilateral IR-induced extracellular matrix deposition and an increased myofibroblast population as well as increased bilateral IR-induced expression of fibrosis-related genes in the kidneys. To explore the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, we showed that chronic alcohol exposure enhanced β-arrestin 2 (Arrb2) expression and Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3)β activation in the kidneys. Importantly, pharmacological GSK3 inhibition alleviated bilateral IR-induced renal fibrosis and renal function impairment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Arrb2−/− mice exhibited resistance to IR-induced renal fibrosis and renal function impairment following chronic alcohol exposure, and these effects were associated with attenuated GSK3β activation in the kidneys. Taken together, our results suggest that chronic alcohol exposure may potentiate AKI via β-arrestin 2/Akt/GSK3β-mediated signaling in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- Division of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yifei Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lili Wang
- Division of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Division of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yongning Gao
- Division of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Division of Blood Purification, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Key Laboratory of Hematology of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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29
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Budni J, Feijó DP, Batista-Silva H, Garcez ML, Mina F, Belletini-Santos T, Krasilchik LR, Luz AP, Schiavo GL, Quevedo J. Lithium and memantine improve spatial memory impairment and neuroinflammation induced by β-amyloid 1-42 oligomers in rats. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 141:84-92. [PMID: 28359852 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. The main hallmarks of this disease include progressive cognitive dysfunction and an accumulation of soluble oligomers of β-amyloid (Aβ) 1-42 peptide. In this research, we show the effects of lithium and memantine on spatial memory and neuroinflammation in an Aβ1-42 oligomers-induced animal model of dementia in rats. Aβ 1-42 oligomers were administered intrahippocampally to male wistar rats to induce dementia. Oral treatments with memantine (5mg/kg), lithium (5mg/kg), or both drugs in combination were performed over a period of 17days. 14days after the administration of the Aβ1-42 oligomers, the radial arm-maze task was performed. At the end of the test period, the animals were euthanized, and the frontal cortex and hippocampus were removed for use in our analysis. Our results showed that alone treatments with lithium or memantine ameliorate the spatial memory damage caused by Aβ1-42. The animals that received combined doses of lithium and memantine showed better cognitive performance in their latency time and total errors to find food when compared to the results from alone treatments. Moreover, in our study, lithium and/or memantine were able to reverse the decreases observed in the levels of interleukin (IL)-4 that were induced by Aβ1-42 in the frontal cortex. In the hippocampus, only memantine and the association of memantine and lithium were able to reverse this effect. Alone doses of lithium and memantine or the association of lithium and memantine caused reductions in the levels of IL-1β in the frontal cortex and hippocampus, and decreased the levels of TNF-α in the hippocampus. Taken together, these data suggest that lithium and memantine might be a potential therapy against cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation induced by Aβ1-42, and their association may be a promising alternative to be investigated in the treatment of AD-like dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Budni
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil.
| | - D P Feijó
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - H Batista-Silva
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - M L Garcez
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - F Mina
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - T Belletini-Santos
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - L R Krasilchik
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - A P Luz
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - G L Schiavo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Laboratório de Doenças Neurodegenerativas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências a Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - J Quevedo
- Laboratório de Neurociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Kouwenberg M, Jacobs CWM, van der Vlag J, Hilbrands LB. Allostimulatory Effects of Dendritic Cells with Characteristic Features of a Regulatory Phenotype. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159986. [PMID: 27525971 PMCID: PMC4985155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) have the potential to prolong graft survival after transplantation. Tolerogenic DCs are in general characterized by a low expression of co-stimulatory molecule and a high IL-10:IL-12 production ratio. Based on promising results with earlier used alternatively activated DCs, we aimed to generate in culture potentially tolerogenic DC by simultaneously blocking GSK3 by lithium chloride (LiCl) and stimulating TLR2 by PAM3CysSerLys4. Materials and Methods Bone marrow-derived LiClPAM3 DCs were generated by the addition of LiCl 24 hours before harvesting, and one hour later PAM3CysSerLys4. The phenotype of the DCs was assessed by determining the expression of co-stimulatory molecules in flow cytometry and cytokine production in ELISA, whereas their functional properties were tested in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. A fully MHC mismatched heterotopic heart transplant preceded by infusion of donor-derived LiClPAM3 DC was performed to assess the tolerogenic potential of LiClPAM3 DCs in vivo. Results LiClPAM3 DCs displayed a tolerogenic phenotype accompanied with a low expression of co-stimulatory molecules and a high IL-10:IL-12 production ratio. However, in mixed lymphocyte reaction, LiClPAM3 DCs appeared superior in T cell stimulation, and induced Th1 and Th17 differentiation. Moreover, mice pretreated with LiClPAM3 DC displayed a reduced graft survival. Analysis of LiClPAM3 DC culture supernatant revealed high levels of CXCL-1, which was also found in supernatants of co-cultures of LiClPAM3 DC and T cells. Nevertheless, we could not show a role for CXCL-1 in T cell proliferation or activation in vitro. Discussion LiClPAM3 DCs display in vitro a tolerogenic phenotype with a high IL-10:IL-12 ratio, but appeared to be highly immunogenic, since allograft rejection was accelerated. As yet unidentified LiClPAM3 DC-derived factors, may explain the immunogenic character of LiClPAM3 DCs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kouwenberg
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - C W M Jacobs
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - J van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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31
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Molecular mechanisms in lithium-associated renal disease: a systematic review. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:1843-1853. [DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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32
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Uwai Y, Kawasaki T, Nabekura T. Foscarnet, an inhibitor of the sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa, inhibits phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β by lithium in the rat kidney cortex. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 31:256-9. [PMID: 27238574 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lithium, which is used in the treatment of and prophylaxis for bipolar disease, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) by producing its phosphorylated form (p-GSK3β). GSK3β plays a role in apoptosis and some kinds of acute kidney injuries, and the formation of p-GSK3β is considered to contribute to protection against acute kidney injury. We previously reported that the sodium-phosphate cotransporter NaPi-IIa (SLC34A1) mediated the reabsorption of lithium in the rat kidney. In the present study, the phosphorylation status of GSK3β in the kidney cortex of rats administered lithium chloride and foscarnet, a typical inhibitor of NaPi-IIa, was examined using Western blotting. Under a 2-h infusion of lithium chloride, the plasma concentration of lithium was 1.06 mEq/l, and its renal clearance was calculated as 1.18 ml/min/kg, which was 29.6% of creatinine clearance. The abundance of p-GSK3β in the kidney cortex was augmented by the administration of lithium. The simultaneous infusion of foscarnet increased the renal clearance of lithium and its ratio to creatinine clearance as well as the urinary excretion of phosphate. Foscarnet also inhibited the lithium-induced phosphorylation of GSK3β. These results suggest that the reabsorption of lithium by NaPi-IIa triggers the phosphorylation of GSK3β in the rat kidney cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Uwai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kawasaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nabekura
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Gong R, Wang P, Dworkin L. What we need to know about the effect of lithium on the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F1168-F1171. [PMID: 27122541 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00145.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium has been a valuable treatment for bipolar affective disorders for decades. Clinical use of lithium, however, has been problematic due to its narrow therapeutic index and concerns for its toxicity in various organ systems. Renal side effects associated with lithium include polyuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, proteinuria, distal renal tubular acidosis, and reduction in glomerular filtration rate. Histologically, chronic lithium nephrotoxicity is characterized by interstitial nephritis with microcyst formation and occasional focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nevertheless, this type of toxicity is uncommon, with the strongest risk factors being high serum levels of lithium and longer time on lithium therapy. In contrast, in experimental models of acute kidney injury and glomerular disease, lithium has antiproteinuric, kidney protective, and reparative effects. This paradox may be partially explained by lower lithium doses and short duration of therapy. While long-term exposure to higher psychiatric doses of lithium may be nephrotoxic, short-term low dose of lithium may be beneficial and ameliorate kidney and podocyte injury. Mechanistically, lithium targets glycogen synthase kinase-3β, a ubiquitously expressed serine/threonine protein kinase implicated in the processes of tissue injury, repair, and regeneration in multiple organ systems, including the kidney. Future studies are warranted to discover the exact "kidney-protective dose" of lithium and test the effects of low-dose lithium on acute and chronic kidney disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | - Pei Wang
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island; and.,Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lance Dworkin
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island; and
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34
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Husi H, Human C. Molecular determinants of acute kidney injury. J Inj Violence Res 2016; 7:75-86. [PMID: 26104320 PMCID: PMC4522318 DOI: 10.5249/jivr.v7i2.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a condition that leads to a rapid deterioration of renal function associated with impairment to maintain electrolyte and acid balance, and, if left untreated, ultimately irreversible kidney damage and renal necrosis. There are a number of causes that can trigger AKI, ranging from underlying conditions as well as trauma and surgery. Specifically, the global rise in surgical procedures led to a substantial increase of AKI incidence rates, which in turn impacts on mortality rates, quality of life and economic costs to the healthcare system. However, no effective therapy for AKI exists. Current approaches, such as pharmacological intervention, help in alleviating symptoms in slowing down the progression, but do not prevent or reverse AKI-induced organ damage. Methods: An in-depth understanding of the molecular machinery involved in and modulated by AKI induction and progression is necessary to specifically pharmacologically target key molecules. A major hurdle to devise a successful strategy is the multifactorial and complex nature of the disorder itself, whereby the activation of a number of seemingly independent molecular pathways in the kidney leads to apoptotic and necrotic events. Results: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) axis appears to be a common element, leading to downstream events such as triggers of immune responses via the NFB pathway. Other pathways intricately linked with AKI-induction and progression are the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF β) signaling cascades, as well as a number of other modulators. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the involvement of the glutamatergic axis, believed to be mainly a component of the neurological system, is also a major contributor. Conclusions: Here we address the current understanding of the molecular pathways evoked in AKI, their interplay, and the potential to pharmacologically intervene in the effective prevention and/or progression of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Husi
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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35
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Alsady M, Baumgarten R, Deen PMT, de Groot T. Lithium in the Kidney: Friend and Foe? J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1587-95. [PMID: 26577775 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015080907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Trace amounts of lithium are essential for our physical and mental health, and administration of lithium has improved the quality of life of millions of patients with bipolar disorder for >60 years. However, in a substantial number of patients with bipolar disorder, long-term lithium therapy comes at the cost of severe renal side effects, including nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and rarely, ESRD. Although the mechanisms underlying the lithium-induced renal pathologies are becoming clearer, several recent animal studies revealed that short-term administration of lower amounts of lithium prevents different forms of experimental AKI. In this review, we discuss the knowledge of the pathologic and therapeutic effects of lithium in the kidney. Furthermore, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of these seemingly paradoxical effects of lithium, in which fine-tuned regulation of glycogen synthase kinase type 3, a prime target for lithium, seems to be key. The new discoveries regarding the protective effect of lithium against AKI in rodents call for follow-up studies in humans and suggest that long-term therapy with low lithium concentrations could be beneficial in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alsady
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | | | - Peter M T Deen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
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Küper C, Beck FX, Neuhofer W. Dual effect of lithium on NFAT5 activity in kidney cells. Front Physiol 2015; 6:264. [PMID: 26441681 PMCID: PMC4585311 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lithium salts are used widely for treatment of bipolar and other mental disorders. Lithium therapy is accompanied frequently by renal side effects, such as nephrogenic diabetes insipidus or chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects are still poorly understood. In the present study we examined the effect of lithium on the activity of the osmosensitive transcriptional activator nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5, also known as TonEBP), which plays a key role in renal cellular osmoprotection and urinary concentrating ability. Interestingly, we found different effects of lithium on NFAT5 activity, depending on medium osmolality and incubation time. When cells were exposed to lithium for a relative short period (24 h), NFAT5 activity was significantly increased, especially under isosmotic conditions, resulting in an enhanced expression of the NFAT5 target gene heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Further analysis revealed that the increase of NFAT5 activity depended primarily on an enhanced activity of the c-terminal transactivation domain (TAD), while NFAT5 protein abundance was largely unaffected. Enhanced activity of the TAD is probably mediated by lithium-induced inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β), which is in accordance with previous studies. When cells were exposed to lithium for a longer period (96 h), cellular NFAT5 activity and subsequently expression of HSP70 significantly decreased under hyperosmotic conditions, due to diminished NFAT5 protein abundance, also resulting from GSK-3β inhibition. Taken together, our results provide evidence that lithium has opposing effects on NFAT5 activity, depending on environmental osmolality and exposure duration. The potential impacts of these observations on the diverse effects of lithium on kidney function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Küper
- Department of Physiology, University of Munich Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Neuhofer
- Medical Clinic V, University Hospital Mannheim, University of Heidelberg Mannheim, Germany
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Liu Z, Gong R. Remote ischemic preconditioning for kidney protection: GSK3β-centric insights into the mechanism of action. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 66:846-56. [PMID: 26271146 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preventing acute kidney injury (AKI) in high-risk patients following medical interventions is a paramount challenge for clinical practice. Recent data from animal experiments and clinical trials indicate that remote ischemic preconditioning, represented by limb ischemic preconditioning, confers a protective action on the kidney. Ischemic preconditioning is effective in reducing the risk for AKI following cardiovascular interventions and the use of iodinated radiocontrast media. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms for this protective effect are elusive. A protective signal is conveyed from the remote site undergoing ischemic preconditioning, such as the limb, to target organs, such as the kidney, by multiple potential communication pathways, which may involve humoral, neuronal, and systemic mechanisms. Diverse transmitting pathways trigger a variety of signaling cascades, including the reperfusion injury salvage kinase and survivor activating factor enhancement pathways, all of which converge on glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). Inhibition of GSK3β subsequent to ischemic preconditioning reinforces the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant defense, diminishes the nuclear factor-κB-dependent proinflammatory response, and exerts prosurvival effects ensuing from the desensitized mitochondria permeability transition. Thus, therapeutic targeting of GSK3β by ischemic preconditioning or by pharmacologic preconditioning with existing US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs having GSK3β-inhibitory activities might represent a pragmatic and cost-effective adjuvant strategy for kidney protection and prophylaxis against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangsuo Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rujun Gong
- Division of Kidney Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI.
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38
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Singh SP, Tao S, Fields TA, Webb S, Harris RC, Rao R. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibition attenuates fibroblast activation and development of fibrosis following renal ischemia-reperfusion in mice. Dis Model Mech 2015; 8:931-40. [PMID: 26092126 PMCID: PMC4527294 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in renal tubular injury and regeneration in acute kidney injury. However, its role in the development of renal fibrosis, often a long-term consequence of acute kidney injury, is unknown. Using a mouse model of renal fibrosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury, we demonstrate increased GSK3β expression and activity in fibrotic kidneys, and its presence in myofibroblasts in addition to tubular epithelial cells. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 using TDZD-8 starting before or after ischemia-reperfusion significantly suppressed renal fibrosis by reducing the myofibroblast population, collagen-1 and fibronectin deposition, inflammatory cytokines, and macrophage infiltration. GSK3 inhibition in vivo reduced TGF-β1, SMAD3 activation and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels. Consistently in vitro, TGF-β1 treatment increased GSK3β expression and GSK3 inhibition abolished TGF-β1-induced SMAD3 activation and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression in cultured renal fibroblasts. Importantly, overexpression of constitutively active GSK3β stimulated α-SMA expression even in the absence of TGF-β1 treatment. These results suggest that TGF-β regulates GSK3β, which in turn is important for TGF-β–SMAD3 signaling and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Overall, these studies demonstrate that GSK3 could promote renal fibrosis by activation of TGF-β signaling and the use of GSK3 inhibitors might represent a novel therapeutic approach for progressive renal fibrosis that develops as a consequence of acute kidney injury. Summary: GSK3 promotes renal fibrosis by activation of TGF-β signaling, and the use of GSK3 inhibitors might represent a novel therapeutic approach for progressive renal fibrosis that develops as a consequence of acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra P Singh
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Shixin Tao
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Timothy A Fields
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Sydney Webb
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
| | - Raymond C Harris
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Reena Rao
- The Kidney Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160-3018, USA
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Disruption in the Blood-Brain Barrier: The Missing Link between Brain and Body Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder? Neural Plast 2015; 2015:708306. [PMID: 26075104 PMCID: PMC4444594 DOI: 10.1155/2015/708306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) regulates the transport of micro- and macromolecules between the peripheral blood and the central nervous system (CNS) in order to maintain optimal levels of essential nutrients and neurotransmitters in the brain. In addition, the BBB plays a critical role protecting the CNS against neurotoxins. There has been growing evidence that BBB disruption is associated with brain inflammatory conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Considering the increasing role of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD), here we propose a novel model wherein transient or persistent disruption of BBB integrity is associated with decreased CNS protection and increased permeability of proinflammatory (e.g., cytokines, reactive oxygen species) substances from the peripheral blood into the brain. These events would trigger the activation of microglial cells and promote localized damage to oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheath, ultimately compromising myelination and the integrity of neural circuits. The potential implications for research in this area and directions for future studies are discussed.
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GSK-3β inhibition attenuates CLP-induced liver injury by reducing inflammation and hepatic cell apoptosis. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:629507. [PMID: 25525303 PMCID: PMC4265684 DOI: 10.1155/2014/629507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver dysfunction has been known to occur frequently in cases of sepsis. Excessive inflammation and apoptosis are pathological features of acute liver failure. Recent studies suggest that activation of glycogen synthase kinase- (GSK-) 3β is involved in inflammation and apoptosis. We aimed to investigate the protective effects of GSK-3β inhibition on polymicrobial sepsis-induced liver injury and to explore the possible mechanisms. Polymicrobial sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and SB216763 was used to inhibit GSK-3β in C57BL/6 mice. GSK-3β was activated following CLP. Administration of SB216763 decreased mortality, ameliorated liver injury, and reduced hepatic apoptosis. The inhibition of GSK-3β also reduced leukocyte infiltration and hepatic inflammatory cytokine expression and release. Moreover, GSK-3β inhibition suppressed the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) but enhanced the transcriptional activity of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in the liver. In in vitro studies, GSK-3β inhibition reduced inflammatory cytokine production via modulation of NF-κB and CREB signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. In conclusion, these findings suggest that GSK-3β blockade protects against CLP-induced liver via inhibition of inflammation by modulating NF-κB and CREB activity and suppression of hepatic apoptosis.
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Hull M, Lee E, Lee T, Anand N, LaLone V, Parameswaran N. Lithium chloride induces TNFα in mouse macrophages via MEK-ERK-dependent pathway. J Cell Biochem 2014; 115:71-80. [PMID: 23904208 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) is one of the currently prescribed drugs for bipolar disorders (BPDs) and has many neuro-regulatory and immune-modulating properties. Because many neuro-pathological diseases including BPDs have been associated with some level of inflammation, Li's effect on inflammation may have some crucial consequences. Even though Li has been shown to have pro- and anti-inflammatory activities in different cell models, mechanisms involved in these effects are not well understood. Moreover, Li's effect on inflammation in the presence of activators of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR-2 (that activates MyD88-dependent pathway) and TLR-3 (that activates TRIF-dependent pathway) is not known. Here we tested the role of Li in the presence and absence of TLR2, and TLR3 on MAPK and NFκB pathways and the consequent production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in Raw264.7 macrophages. Our results indicate that Li enhances TNFα production both in the absence and presence of TLR stimulation. Interestingly, Li differentially modulates MAPK and NFκB pathways in the absence and presence of TLR2/3 ligands. Our results further indicate that the effect of Li on TNFα occurs at the post-transcriptional level. Together, these studies demonstrate that Li induces TNFα production in macrophages and that it modulates signaling at different levels depending on the presence or absence of TLR2/3 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Hull
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Eunhee Lee
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Taehyung Lee
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nandita Anand
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Vernon LaLone
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology and Division of Pathology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Plotnikov EY, Silachev DN, Zorova LD, Pevzner IB, Jankauskas SS, Zorov SD, Babenko VA, Skulachev MV, Zorov DB. Lithium salts — Simple but magic. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:740-9. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914080021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Lithium is an effective medication for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder. Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder and that lithium has anti-inflammatory effects that may contribute to its therapeutic efficacy. This article summarizes the studies which examined the effects of lithium on pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators. Some of the summarized data suggest that lithium exerts anti-inflammatory effects (e.g., suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 expression, inhibition of interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α production, and enhancement of IL-2 and IL-10 synthesis). Nevertheless, there is a large body of data which indicates that under certain experimental conditions lithium also exhibits pro-inflammatory properties (e.g., induction of IL-4, IL-6 and other pro-inflammatory cytokines synthesis). The reviewed studies utilized various experimental model systems, and it is thus difficult to draw an unequivocal conclusion regarding the effect of lithium on specific inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nassar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry
and Pharmacology, and ‡School for Community
Health Professions − Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Abed N. Azab
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry
and Pharmacology, and ‡School for Community
Health Professions − Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Livingston MJ, Dong Z. Lithium in kidney diseases: big roles for the smallest metal. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:421-3. [PMID: 24408870 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Man J Livingston
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, and Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia; and
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Raghavendra PB, Lee E, Parameswaran N. Regulation of macrophage biology by lithium: a new look at an old drug. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2013; 9:277-84. [PMID: 24277481 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-013-9516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) continues to be a standard small compound used for the treatment of neurological disorders. Besides neuronal cells, Li is also known to affect immune cell function. In spite of its clinical use, potential mechanisms by which Li modulates immune cells, especially macrophages and its clinical relevance in bipolar patients are not well understood. Here, we provide an overview of the literature with regard to Li's effects on monocytes and macrophages. We have also included some of our results showing that Li differentially modulates chemokine gene expression in the absence and presence of Toll-like receptor-4 stimulation in a human macrophage model. Given that Li has a wide range of intracellular targets both in macrophages as well as in other cell types, more studies are needed to further understand the mechanistic basis of Li's effect in neurological and other inflammatory diseases. These studies could undoubtedly identify new therapeutic targets for treating such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongali B Raghavendra
- Department of Physiology and Division of Human Pathology, Michigan State University, 2201 Biomedical Physical Sciences building, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
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Lithium chloride promotes host resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. Mol Vis 2013; 19:1502-14. [PMID: 23878501 PMCID: PMC3716469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the role of lithium chloride (LiCl) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) keratitis. METHODS B6 mice were subconjunctivally injected with LiCl in contrast to appropriate control sodium chloride (NaCl), and then routinely infected with PA. Clinical score, slit-lamp photography, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and bacterial plate counts were used to determine the role of LiCl in PA keratitis. Messenger ribonucleic acid and protein levels of inflammatory cytokines in PA-challenged mouse corneas and in vitro cultured macrophages and neutrophils were measured with real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Apoptosis of the infiltrating inflammatory cells in the PA-infected murine corneas was assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling staining and propidium iodide staining associated with flow cytometry. In cultured murine macrophages and neutrophils, cell apoptosis was determined with annexin V/propidium iodide double staining associated with flow cytometry and western blot analysis for cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. RESULTS Treatment with LiCl reduced the severity of corneal disease by reducing corneal inflammatory response and bacterial burden. Moreover, LiCl increased anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 levels, decreased proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α levels, and enhanced apoptosis of infiltrating macrophages and neutrophils in the PA-infected mouse corneas. In vitro studies further confirmed that LiCl elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine expression but reduced proinflammatory cytokine production, as well as promoted cell apoptosis in murine macrophages and neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates a protective role of LiCl in PA keratitis. LiCl promotes host resistance against PA infection by suppressing inflammatory responses, enhancing inflammatory cell apoptosis, and promoting bacterial clearance.
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Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β by lithium chloride suppresses 6-hydroxydopamine-induced inflammatory response in primary cultured astrocytes. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:345-53. [PMID: 23871716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An increasing amount of evidence has emerged to suggest that neuroinflammatory process is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Activated microglia and astrocytes are found in the substantia nigra (SN) of Parkinson's disease brains as well as in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Although reactive astrocytes are involved in the progression of PD, the role of reactive astrocytes in neuroinflammation of PD has received limited attention to date. Recently, Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) was identified as a crucial regulator of the inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism by which 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induces inflammatory response in astrocytes and observe the anti-inflammatory effect of lithium chloride (LiCl) on 6-OHDA-treated astrocytes. In the present study, we found that glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was markedly upregulated in the presence of 6-OHDA. Moreover, our results revealed that proinflammatory molecules including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2), prostaglandins E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were obviously increased in astrocytes exposed to 6-OHDA. Western blot analysis revealed that 6-OHDA significantly increased dephosphorylation/activation of GSK-3β as well as the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65. Besides, GSK-3β inhibitor LiCl and SB415286 inhibited the GSK-3β/NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to the reduction of proinflammatory molecules in 6-OHDA-activated astrocytes. These results confirmed that GSK-3β inhibitor LiCl and SB415286 provide protection against neuroinflammation in 6-OHDA-treated astrocytes. Therefore, GSK-3β may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of PD.
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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli causes cortical tubular necrotic cell death and the release of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Cytokine 2013; 61:945-52. [PMID: 23410506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is deregulated in acute kidney injury (AKI) through an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we used a previously described mouse model of ascending urinary tract infection in which uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) were transurethrally inoculated to induce kidney infections. Here, we show that urinary MIF was upregulated during AKI while MIF was abundantly expressed in the renal cortical tubules and that UPEC infection caused a decrease in tubular MIF. Infections with UPEC in vitro caused MIF release in a cell type-dependent manner, which was independent of receptor-mediated internalization, signal transduction, and transcription. Indeed, UPEC infection-induced necrotic cell death in vitro and in vivo correlated with extracellular acidification and processed MIF secretion. These data suggest that MIF is released by necrotic renal cortical tubular cells during UPEC infection.
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Wang Z, Zhang X, Chen S, Wang D, Wu J, Liang T, Liu C. Lithium chloride inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and alleviates injury-induced neointimal hyperplasia via induction of PGC-1α. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55471. [PMID: 23383200 PMCID: PMC3561220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes importantly to the development of in-stent restenosis. Lithium has recently been shown to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, but its actions in VSMCs and the direct molecular target responsible for its action remains unknown. On the other hand, PGC-1α is a transcriptional coactivator which negatively regulates the pathological activation of VSMCs. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to determine if lithium chloride (LiCl) retards VSMC proliferation and migration and if PGC-1α mediates the effects of lithium on VSMCs. We found that pretreatment of LiCl increased PGC-1α protein expression and nuclear translocation in a dose-dependent manner. MTT and EdU incorporation assays indicated that LiCl inhibited serum-induced VSMC proliferation. Similarly, deceleration of VSMC migration was confirmed by wound healing and transwell assays. LiCl also suppressed ROS generation and cell cycle progression. At the molecular level, LiCl reduced the protein expression levels or phosphorylation of key regulators involved in the cell cycle re-entry, adhesion, inflammation and motility. In addition, in vivo administration of LiCl alleviated the pathophysiological changes in balloon injury-induced neointima hyperplasia. More importantly, knockdown of PGC-1α by siRNA significantly attenuated the beneficial effects of LiCl on VSMCs both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that LiCl has great potentials in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases related to VSMC abnormal proliferation and migration. In addition, PGC-1α may serve as a promising drug target to regulate cardiovascular physiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuyao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiwen Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingming Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology and College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Lin MC, Chen CL, Yang TT, Choi PC, Hsing CH, Lin CF. Anesthetic propofol overdose causes endothelial cytotoxicity in vitro and endothelial barrier dysfunction in vivo. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 265:253-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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