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Brown B, Chen I, Miliano C, Murdaugh LB, Dong Y, Eddinger KA, Yaksh TL, Burton MD, Buczynski MW, Gregus AM. 12/15-Lipoxygenases mediate neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity in female mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.04.588153. [PMID: 38644994 PMCID: PMC11030227 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.04.588153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
It is estimated that chronic neuropathic pain conditions exhibit up to 10% prevalence in the general population, with increased incidence in females. However, nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are ineffective, and currently indicated prescription treatments such as opioids, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants provide only limited therapeutic benefit. In the current work, we extended previous studies in male rats utilizing a paradigm of central Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent, NSAID-unresponsive neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity to male and female C57BL/6N mice, uncovering an unexpected hyperalgesic phenotype in female mice following intrathecal (IT) LPS. In contrast to previous reports in female C57BL/6J mice, female C57BL/6N mice displayed tactile and cold allodynia, grip force deficits, and locomotor hyperactivity in response to IT LPS. Congruent with our previous observations in male rats, systemic inhibition of 12/15-Lipoxygenases (12/15-LOX) in female B6N mice with selective inhibitors - ML355 (targeting 12-LOX-p) and ML351 (targeting 15-LOX-1) - completely reversed allodynia and grip force deficits. We demonstrate here that 12/15-LOX enzymes also are expressed in mouse spinal cord and that 12/15-LOX metabolites produce tactile allodynia when administered spinally (IT) or peripherally (intraplantar in the paw, IPLT) in a hyperalgesic priming model, similar to others observations with the cyclooxygenase (COX) metabolite Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ). Surprisingly, we did not detect hyperalgesic priming following IT administration of LPS, indicating that this phenomenon likely requires peripheral activation of nociceptors. Collectively, these data suggest that 12/15-LOX enzymes contribute to neuropathic-like pain hypersensitivity in rodents, with potential translatability as druggable targets across sexes and species using multiple reflexive and non-reflexive outcome measures.
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Shi H, Chen M, Zheng C, Yinglin B, Zhu B. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alleviated Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy by Interfering with Astrocytes and TLR4/p38MAPK Pathway in Rats. J Pain Res 2023; 16:2419-2432. [PMID: 37483406 PMCID: PMC10361291 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s415642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) constitutes a refractory and progressive adverse consequence of paclitaxel treatment, causing pain and sensory anomalies in cancer survivors. Although the gut-brain axis is involved in multiple disorders including cancer, its impact on peripheral pain conditions remains elusive. Thus, we assessed the importance of gut microbiota and related mechanisms in PIPN. Methods By implementing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in a rat PIPN model (ie, rats treated with paclitaxel; hereafter as PIPN rats), we explored the effect of gut microbiota on PIPN rats using multiple methods, including different behavioral tests, 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing, and biochemical techniques. Results Sequencing of 16S rDNA revealed that the abundance of genera Bacteroides and UCG-005 increased, while that of genera Turicibacter, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium decreased in the PIPN rats. However, when treated with FMT using fecal from normal rats, the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in PIPN rats were significantly alleviated. In addition, FMT treatment reduced the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), and the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein in the colon and spinal dorsal horn. TAK242 (a TLR4 inhibitor) significantly alleviated the behavioral hypersensitivity of PIPN rats and inhibited the TLR4/p38MAPK pathway in astrocytes in these rats. Conclusion The gut microbiota played a critical role in PIPN. Future therapies treating PIPN should consider microbe-based treatment as an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minmin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bian Yinglin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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Borghi SM, Zaninelli TH, Saraiva-Santos T, Bertozzi MM, Cardoso RDR, Carvalho TT, Ferraz CR, Camilios-Neto D, Cunha FQ, Cunha TM, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Casagrande R, Verri WA. Brief research report: Repurposing pentoxifylline to treat intense acute swimming-Induced delayed-onset muscle soreness in mice: Targeting peripheral and spinal cord nociceptive mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:950314. [PMID: 36703752 PMCID: PMC9871252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.950314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we pursue determining the effect of pentoxifylline (Ptx) in delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) triggered by exposing untrained mice to intense acute swimming exercise (120 min), which, to our knowledge, has not been investigated. Ptx treatment (1.5, 4.5, and 13.5 mg/kg; i.p., 30 min before and 12 h after the session) reduced intense acute swimming-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner. The selected dose of Ptx (4.5 mg/kg) inhibited recruitment of neutrophils to the muscle tissue, oxidative stress, and both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production in the soleus muscle and spinal cord. Furthermore, Ptx treatment also reduced spinal cord glial cell activation. In conclusion, Ptx reduces pain by targeting peripheral and spinal cord mechanisms of DOMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio M. Borghi
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil,Center for Research in Health Science, University of Northern Paraná, Londrina, Brazil,*Correspondence: Sergio M. Borghi, ; Waldiceu A. Verri Jr,
| | - Tiago H. Zaninelli
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Mariana M. Bertozzi
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Renato D. R. Cardoso
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Thacyana T. Carvalho
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Camila R. Ferraz
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Doumit Camilios-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Exact Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Fernando Q. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe A. Pinho-Ribeiro
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Rubia Casagrande
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu A. Verri
- Department of Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil,*Correspondence: Sergio M. Borghi, ; Waldiceu A. Verri Jr,
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Oo TT, Pratchayasakul W, Chattipakorn N, Chattipakorn SC. Emerging roles of toll-like receptor 4 in chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:112-127. [PMID: 36152729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is one of the most prevalent side effects in cancer patients and survivors. Cognitive decline and peripheral neuropathy are the most common chemotherapy-induced neurotoxic symptoms. These symptoms lead not only to the limiting of the dose of chemotherapy given to cancer patients, but also have an impact on the quality of life of cancer survivors. Although the exact mechanisms involved in chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity are still unclear, neuroinflammation is widely regarded as being one of the major causes involved in chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. It is known that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) plays a critical role in the inflammatory process, and it has been recently reported that it is associated with chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. In this review, we summarize and discuss all available evidence regarding the activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway in various models of chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity. This review also emphasizes the evidence pertinent to TLR4 inhibition on chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity in rodent studies. Understanding the role of the TLR4 signaling pathway behind chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity is crucial for improving treatments and ensuring the long-term survival of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thura Tun Oo
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wasana Pratchayasakul
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand; Department of Oral Biology and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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Rahman-Enyart A, Yaggie RE, Bollinger JL, Arvanitis C, Winter DR, Schaeffer AJ, Klumpp DJ. Acyloxyacyl hydrolase regulates microglia-mediated pelvic pain. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269140. [PMID: 35980963 PMCID: PMC9387837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain conditions such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) remain clinical and mechanistic enigmas. Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that respond to changes in the gut microbiome, and studies have linked microglial activation to acute and chronic pain in a variety of models, including pelvic pain. We have previously reported that mice deficient for the lipase acyloxyacyl hydrolase (AOAH) develop pelvic allodynia and exhibit symptoms, comorbidities, and gut dysbiosis mimicking IC/BPS. Here, we assessed the role of AOAH in microglial activation and pelvic pain. RNAseq analyses using the ARCHS4 database and confocal microscopy revealed that AOAH is highly expressed in wild type microglia but at low levels in astrocytes, suggesting a functional role for AOAH in microglia. Pharmacologic ablation of CNS microglia with PLX5622 resulted in decreased pelvic allodynia in AOAH-deficient mice and resurgence of pelvic pain upon drug washout. Skeletal analyses revealed that AOAH-deficient mice have an activated microglia morphology in the medial prefrontal cortex and paraventricular nucleus, brain regions associated with pain modulation. Because microglia express Toll-like receptors and respond to microbial components, we also examine the potential role of dysbiosis in microglial activation. Consistent with our hypothesis of microglia activation by leakage of gut microbes, we observed increased serum endotoxins in AOAH-deficient mice and increased activation of cultured BV2 microglial cells by stool of AOAH-deficient mice. Together, these findings demonstrate a role for AOAH in microglial modulation of pelvic pain and thus identify a novel therapeutic target for IC/BPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrida Rahman-Enyart
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Currently Proteintech Group Incorporated, Rosemont, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ryan E. Yaggie
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Justin L. Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, College of Medicine University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Constadina Arvanitis
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Advanced Microscopy & Nikon Imaging Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Deborah R. Winter
- Division of Rheumatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Anthony J. Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David J. Klumpp
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nürnberger F, Rummel C, Ott D, Gerstberger R, Schmidt MJ, Roth J, Leisengang S. Gabapentinoids Suppress Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Interleukin-6 Production in Primary Cell Cultures of the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn. Neuroimmunomodulation 2022; 30:1-14. [PMID: 35843206 DOI: 10.1159/000525657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gabapentin and pregabalin are drugs to treat neuropathic pain. Several studies highlighted effects on presynaptic terminals of nociceptors. Via binding to α2δ subunits of voltage-gated calcium channels, gabapentinoids modulate the synaptic transmission of nociceptive information. However, recent studies revealed further properties of these substances. Treatment with gabapentin or pregabalin in animal models of neuropathic pain resulted not only in reduced symptoms of hyperalgesia but also in an attenuated activation of glial cells and decreased production of pro-inflammatory mediators in the spinal dorsal horn. METHODS In the present study, we aimed to investigate the impact of gabapentinoids on the inflammatory response of spinal dorsal horn cells, applying the established model of neuro-glial primary cell cultures of the superficial dorsal horn (SDH). We studied effects of gabapentin and pregabalin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine release (bioassays), expression of inflammatory marker genes (RT-qPCR), activation of transcription factors (immunocytochemistry), and Ca2+ responses of SDH neurons to stimulation with substance P and glutamate (Ca2+-imaging). RESULTS We detected an attenuated LPS-induced expression and release of interleukin-6 by SDH cultures in the presence of gabapentinoids. In addition, a significant main effect of drug treatment was observed for mRNA expression of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase 1 and the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B. Nuclear translocation of inflammatory transcription factors in glial cells was not significantly affected by gabapentinoid treatment. Moreover, both substances did not modulate neuronal responses upon stimulation with substance P or glutamate. CONCLUSION Our results provide evidence for anti-inflammatory capacities of gabapentinoids on the acute inflammatory response of SDH primary cultures upon LPS stimulation. Such effects may contribute to the pain-relieving effects of gabapentinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Nürnberger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps University Marburg & Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Ott
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Gerstberger
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martin J Schmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic - Neurosurgery, Neuroradiology and Clinical Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Joachim Roth
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps University Marburg & Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stephan Leisengang
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior - CMBB, Philipps University Marburg & Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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7
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García MM, Molina-Álvarez M, Rodríguez-Rivera C, Paniagua N, Quesada E, Uranga JA, Rodríguez-Franco MI, Pascual D, Goicoechea C. Antinociceptive and modulatory effect of pathoplastic changes in spinal glia of a TLR4/CD14 blocking molecule in two models of pain in rat. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112986. [PMID: 35462333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of spinal glia in the development and maintenance of chronic pain has become over the last years a subject of increasing interest. In this regard, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has been proposed as a major trigger mechanism. Hence, in this study we explored the implications of TLR4 inhibition in the periphery and primarily in the CNS, focusing on the impact this inhibition renders in pain development and glia activation in the dorsal horn in two models of pain. Making use of a synthetic cluster of differentiation 14 (CD14)/TLR4 antagonist, the effect of TLR4 blockade on tactile allodynia and heat hyperalgesia was evaluated in osteoarthritic and postoperative rat models. An in vitro parallel artificial membrane permeation assay was performed to determine the proneness of the drug to permeate the blood-brain barrier prior to systemic and central administration. Findings suggest a dominant role of peripheral TLR4 in the model of incisional pain, whilst both peripheral and central TLR4 seem to be responsible for osteoarthritic pain. That is, central and peripheral TLR4 may be differently involved in the etiopathology of diverse types of pain what potentially seems a promising approach in the management of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M García
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Molina-Álvarez
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Rodríguez-Rivera
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Paniagua
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ernesto Quesada
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio Uranga
- Area of Histology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (NEUGUT), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Pascual
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Area of Pharmacology and Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, High Performance Experimental Pharmacology Research Group, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (PHARMAKOM), Madrid, Spain; Unidad Asociada I+D+i Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC)-URJC, Madrid, Spain
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Tadokoro T, Bravo-Hernandez M, Agashkov K, Kobayashi Y, Platoshyn O, Navarro M, Marsala S, Miyanohara A, Yoshizumi T, Shigyo M, Krotov V, Juhas S, Juhasova J, Nguyen D, Kupcova Skalnikova H, Motlik J, Studenovska H, Proks V, Reddy R, Driscoll SP, Glenn TD, Kemthong T, Malaivijitnond S, Tomori Z, Vanicky I, Kakinohana M, Pfaff SL, Ciacci J, Belan P, Marsala M. Precision spinal gene delivery-induced functional switch in nociceptive neurons reverses neuropathic pain. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2722-2745. [PMID: 35524407 PMCID: PMC9372322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Second-order spinal cord excitatory neurons play a key role in spinal processing and transmission of pain signals to the brain. Exogenously-induced change in developmentally-imprinted excitatory neurotransmitter phenotype of these neurons to inhibitory has not yet been achieved. Here we use a subpial dorsal horn-targeted delivery of AAV (adeno-associated virus) vector(s) encoding GABA (gamma-Aminobutyric acid,) synthesizing-releasing inhibitory machinery in mice with neuropathic pain. Treated animals showed a progressive and complete reversal of neuropathic pain (tactile and brush-evoked pain behavior) which persisted for minimum 2.5 months post-treatment. The mechanism of this treatment effect results from the switch of excitatory to preferential inhibitory neurotransmitter phenotype in dorsal horn nociceptive neurons and a resulting increase in inhibitory activity in regional spinal circuitry after peripheral nociceptive stimulation. No detectable side effects (such as sedation, motor weakness or loss of normal sensation) were seen between 2-13 months post-treatment in naive adult mice, pigs and non-human primates. The use of this treatment approach may represent a potent and safe treatment modality in patients suffering from spinal cord- or peripheral nerve-injury induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tadokoro
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan; Neurgain Technologies, 9620 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mariana Bravo-Hernandez
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kirill Agashkov
- Departments of Sensory Signaling and Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yoshiomi Kobayashi
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Oleksandr Platoshyn
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Navarro
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Silvia Marsala
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Neurgain Technologies, 9620 Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Atsushi Miyanohara
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Vector Core Laboratory, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tetsuya Yoshizumi
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michiko Shigyo
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Volodymyr Krotov
- Departments of Sensory Signaling and Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stefan Juhas
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juhasova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Duong Nguyen
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Motlik
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Studenovska
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Systems, Heyrovsky Square 2,162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Proks
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Department of Biomaterials and Bioanalogous Systems, Heyrovsky Square 2,162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Rajiv Reddy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Shawn P Driscoll
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Thomas D Glenn
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Taratorn Kemthong
- National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Kaengkhoi District, Saraburi 18110, Thailand
| | - Suchinda Malaivijitnond
- National Primate Research Center of Thailand, Chulalongkorn University, Kaengkhoi District, Saraburi 18110, Thailand
| | - Zoltan Tomori
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ivo Vanicky
- Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia
| | | | - Samuel L Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Joseph Ciacci
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pavel Belan
- Departments of Sensory Signaling and Molecular Biophysics, Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kyiv, Ukraine; Kyiv Academic University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Martin Marsala
- Neuroregeneration Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Neurobiology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice, Slovakia.
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9
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Neuroinflammation in Primary Cultures of the Rat Spinal Dorsal Horn Is Attenuated in the Presence of Adipose Tissue-Derived Medicinal Signalling Cells (AdMSCs) in a Co-cultivation Model. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:475-494. [PMID: 34716556 PMCID: PMC8786781 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02601-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation within the superficial dorsal horn (SDH) of the spinal cord induces inflammatory pain with symptoms of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Glial activation and production of inflammatory mediators (e.g. cytokines) is associated with modulation of nociceptive signalling. In this context, medicinal signalling cells, e.g. obtained from adipose tissue (AdMSCs), gained attention due to their capacity to modulate the inflammatory response in several diseases, e.g. spinal cord injury. We applied the recently established mixed neuroglial primary cell culture of the rat SDH to investigate effects of AdMSCs on the inflammatory response of SDH cells. Following establishment of a co-cultivation system, we performed specific bioassays for tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and interleukin (IL)-6, RT-qPCR and immunocytochemistry to detect changes in cytokine production and glial activation upon inflammatory stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS-induced expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6) by SDH cells was significantly attenuated in the presence of AdMSCs. Further evidence for anti-inflammatory capacities of AdMSCs derived from a blunted LPS-induced TNFα/IL-10 expression ratio and suppressed nuclear translocation of the inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in SDH microglial cells. Expression of IL-10, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) was detected in AdMSCs, which are putative candidates for anti-inflammatory capacities of these cells. We present a novel co-cultivation system of AdMSCs with neuroglial primary cultures of the SDH to investigate immunomodulatory effects of AdMSCs at a cellular level.
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10
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Park J, Choi J, Kim DD, Lee S, Lee B, Lee Y, Kim S, Kwon S, Noh M, Lee MO, Le QV, Oh YK. Bioactive Lipids and Their Derivatives in Biomedical Applications. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:465-482. [PMID: 34462378 PMCID: PMC8411027 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2021.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids, which along with carbohydrates and proteins are among the most important nutrients for the living organism, have a variety of biological functions that can be applied widely in biomedicine. A fatty acid, the most fundamental biological lipid, may be classified by length of its aliphatic chain, and the short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids and each have distinct biological activities with therapeutic relevance. For example, short-chain fatty acids have immune regulatory activities and could be useful against autoimmune disease; medium-chain fatty acids generate ketogenic metabolites and may be used to control seizure; and some metabolites oxidized from long-chain fatty acids could be used to treat metabolic disorders. Glycerolipids play important roles in pathological environments, such as those of cancers or metabolic disorders, and thus are regarded as a potential therapeutic target. Phospholipids represent the main building unit of the plasma membrane of cells, and play key roles in cellular signaling. Due to their physical properties, glycerophospholipids are frequently used as pharmaceutical ingredients, in addition to being potential novel drug targets for treating disease. Sphingolipids, which comprise another component of the plasma membrane, have their own distinct biological functions and have been investigated in nanotechnological applications such as drug delivery systems. Saccharolipids, which are derived from bacteria, have endotoxin effects that stimulate the immune system. Chemically modified saccharolipids might be useful for cancer immunotherapy or as vaccine adjuvants. This review will address the important biological function of several key lipids and offer critical insights into their potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Duk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjin Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunhee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Kwon
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Noh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Quoc-Viet Le
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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11
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Sangesland M, Yousif AS, Ronsard L, Kazer SW, Zhu AL, Gatter GJ, Hayward MR, Barnes RM, Quirindongo-Crespo M, Rohrer D, Lonberg N, Kwon D, Shalek AK, Lingwood D. A Single Human V H-gene Allows for a Broad-Spectrum Antibody Response Targeting Bacterial Lipopolysaccharides in the Blood. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108065. [PMID: 32846123 PMCID: PMC7446668 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
B cell receptors (BCRs) display a combination of variable (V)-gene-encoded complementarity determining regions (CDRs) and adaptive/hypervariable CDR3 loops to engage antigens. It has long been proposed that the former tune for recognition of pathogens or groups of pathogens. To experimentally evaluate this within the human antibody repertoire, we perform immune challenges in transgenic mice that bear diverse human CDR3 and light chains but are constrained to different human VH-genes. We find that, of six commonly deployed VH sequences, only those CDRs encoded by IGHV1-2∗02 enable polyclonal antibody responses against bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) when introduced to the bloodstream. The LPS is from diverse strains of gram-negative bacteria, and the VH-gene-dependent responses are directed against the non-variable and universal saccrolipid substructure of this antigen. This reveals a broad-spectrum anti-LPS response in which germline-encoded CDRs naturally hardwire the human antibody repertoire for recognition of a conserved microbial target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Sangesland
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ashraf S Yousif
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Larance Ronsard
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Samuel W Kazer
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alex Lee Zhu
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - G James Gatter
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Matthew R Hayward
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ralston M Barnes
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd., Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | | | - Daniel Rohrer
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Nils Lonberg
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 700 Bay Rd., Redwood City, CA 94063-2478, USA
| | - Douglas Kwon
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital. 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Institute for Medical Engineering and Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, 415 Main St., Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, 400 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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12
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Nair M, Jagadeeshan S, Katselis G, Luan X, Momeni Z, Henao-Romero N, Chumala P, Tam JS, Yamamoto Y, Ianowski JP, Campanucci VA. Lipopolysaccharides induce a RAGE-mediated sensitization of sensory neurons and fluid hypersecretion in the upper airways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8336. [PMID: 33863932 PMCID: PMC8052339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic dorsal root ganglia (tDRG) contribute to fluid secretion in the upper airways. Inflammation potentiates DRG responses, but the mechanisms remain under investigation. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) underlies potentiation of DRG responses in pain pathologies; however, its role in other sensory modalities is less understood. We hypothesize that RAGE contributes to electrophysiological and biochemical changes in tDRGs during inflammation. We used tDRGs and tracheas from wild types (WT), RAGE knock-out (RAGE-KO), and with the RAGE antagonist FPS-ZM1, and exposed them to lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We studied: capsaicin (CAP)-evoked currents and action potentials (AP), tracheal submucosal gland secretion, RAGE expression and downstream pathways. In WT neurons, LPS increased CAP-evoked currents and AP generation, and it caused submucosal gland hypersecretion in tracheas from WT mice exposed to LPS. In contrast, LPS had no effect on tDRG excitability or gland secretion in RAGE-KO mice or mice treated with FPS-ZM1. LPS upregulated full-length RAGE (encoded by Tv1-RAGE) and downregulated a soluble (sRAGE) splice variant (encoded by MmusRAGEv4) in tDRG neurons. These data suggest that sensitization of tDRG neurons contributes to hypersecretion in the upper airways during inflammation. And at least two RAGE variants may be involved in these effects of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Nair
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Santosh Jagadeeshan
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - George Katselis
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Xiaojie Luan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Zeinab Momeni
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Nicolas Henao-Romero
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Paulos Chumala
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Julian S Tam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Juan P Ianowski
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Verónica A Campanucci
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology (APP), College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
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13
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Leiguarda C, Villarreal A, Potilinski C, Pelissier T, Coronel MF, Bayo J, Ramos AJ, Montaner A, Villar MJ, Constandil L, Brumovsky PR. Intrathecal Administration of an Anti-nociceptive Non-CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Reduces Glial Activation and Central Sensitization. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2021; 16:818-834. [PMID: 33502706 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-021-09983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory pain associates with spinal glial activation and central sensitization. Systemic administration of IMT504, a non-CpG oligodeoxynucleotide originally designed as an immunomodulator, exerts remarkable anti-allodynic effects in rats with complete Freund´s adjuvant (CFA)-induced hindpaw inflammation. However, the anti-nociceptive mechanisms of IMT504 remain unknown. Here we evaluated whether IMT504 blocks inflammatory pain-like behavior by modulation of spinal glia and central sensitization. The study was performed in Sprague Dawley rats with intraplantar CFA, and a single lumbosacral intrathecal (i.t.) administration of IMT504 or vehicle was chosen to address if changes in glial activation and spinal sensitization relate to the pain-like behavior reducing effects of the ODN. Naïve rats were also included. Von Frey and Randall-Selitto tests, respectively, exposed significant reductions in allodynia and mechanical hypersensitivity, lasting at least 24 h after i.t. IMT504. Analysis of electromyographic responses to electrical stimulation of C fibers showed progressive reductions in wind-up responses. Accordingly, IMT504 significantly downregulated spinal glial activation, as shown by reductions in the protein expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein, CD11b/c, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the phosphorylated p65 subunit of NFκB, evaluated by immunohistochemistry and western blot. In vitro experiments using early post-natal cortical glial cultures provided further support to in vivo data and demonstrated IMT504 internalization into microglia and astrocytes. Altogether, our study provides new evidence on the central mechanisms of anti-nociception by IMT504 upon intrathecal application, and further supports its value as a novel anti-inflammatory ODN with actions upon glial cells and the TLR4/NFκB pathway. Intrathecal administration of the non-CpG ODN IMT504 fully blocks CFA-induced mechanical allodynia and hypersensitivity, in association with reduced spinal sensitization. Administration of the ODN also results in downregulated gliosis and reduced TLR4-NF-κB pathway activation. IMT504 uptake into astrocytes and microglia support the concept of direct modulation of CFA-induced glial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Leiguarda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - A Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - C Potilinski
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - T Pelissier
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - M F Coronel
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - J Bayo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - A J Ramos
- Laboratorio de Neuropatología Molecular, Instituto de Biología Celular y Neurociencia "Prof. E. De Robertis" UBA-CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
- Departamento de Histología, Embriología, Biología Celular y Genética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1121, Argentina
| | - A Montaner
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología "Dr. César Milstein", CONICET, Fundación Pablo Cassará, Buenos Aires, C1440FFX, Argentina
| | - M J Villar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina
| | - L Constandil
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 8320000, Chile
| | - Pablo R Brumovsky
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IIMT), Universidad Austral-CONICET, Av. Juan D. Perón 1500, Pilar, Buenos Aires, B1629AHJ, Argentina.
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14
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Zhao E, Bai L, Li S, Li L, Dou Z, Huang Y, Li Y, Lv Y. Dexmedetomidine Alleviates CCI-Induced Neuropathic Pain via Inhibiting HMGB1-Mediated Astrocyte Activation and the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Rats. Neurotox Res 2020; 38:723-732. [PMID: 32607919 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine on chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced neuropathic pain and to further explore its mechanism. A CCI rat model was established and treatment with dexmedetomidine. The paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) were monitored at different time points, and the effects of hematoxylin-eosin staining on the sciatic nerve morphology of rats were observed. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses were used to detect the expression of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and protein fluorescence intensity of GFAP in spinal cord tissue, respectively. Moreover, the expression of HMGB1 and Toll-like receptor-4/nuclear factor kappa-B (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway-related proteins were detected by western blot assay. To verify whether dexmedetomidine alleviates CCI-induced neuropathic pain by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated astrocyte activation and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, the rats were further treated with an HMGB1 activator or antagonist. Dexmedetomidine was found to improve the pathological changes of the sciatic nerve and alleviate pain in the CCI rats. The expression of HMGB1, GFAP, TLR4, TRAF6, MyD88, and p-P65 were greatly downregulated in the spinal cord tissues of the CCI rats. In addition, a further study showed that an HMGB1 activator can reverse the inhibition of neuropathic pain behaviors of dexmedetomidine. Overexpression of HMGB1 downregulated the PWMT and PWTL and enhanced the astrocyte activity and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in CCI rats. These results indicated that dexmedetomidine can alleviate neuropathic pain in CCI rats by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated astrocyte activation and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erxian Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Liying Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Shurong Li
- Center for Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhongci Dou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yunli Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China
| | - Yunqi Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan Province, China.
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15
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dos Santos RS, Veras FP, Ferreira DW, Sant'Anna MB, Lollo PCB, Cunha TM, Galdino G. Involvement of the Hsp70/TLR4/IL‐6 and TNF‐α pathways in delayed‐onset muscle soreness. J Neurochem 2020; 155:29-44. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Wilson Ferreira
- Department of Neurobiology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA USA
| | | | | | | | - Giovane Galdino
- Sciences of Motricity Institute Federal University of Alfenas Alfenas Brazil
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16
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Attwells S, Setiawan E, Wilson AA, Rusjan PM, Miler L, Xu C, Hutton C, Husain MI, Kish S, Vasdev N, Houle S, Meyer JH. Replicating predictive serum correlates of greater translocator protein distribution volume in brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:925-931. [PMID: 31683271 PMCID: PMC7162884 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Greater activation of glia, a key component of neuroinflammation, is an important process to target in neuropsychiatric illnesses. However, the magnitude of gliosis varies across cases so low-cost predictors are needed to stratify subjects for clinical trials. Here, several such blood serum measures were assessed in relation to TSPO VT, an index of translocator protein density, measured with positron emission tomography. Blood serum concentration of several products known to be synthesized by activated microglia (and to some extent astroglia) [prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)], controlled by an index of peripheral inflammation [C-reactive protein (CRP)] and TSPO VT were measured in 3 cohorts: prefrontal cortex TSPO VT of 20 subjects with major depressive episodes (MDEs) from major depressive disorder (MDD); and 56 subjects with treatment resistant MDEs from MDD; and dorsal caudate TSPO VT of 20 subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Ln(PGE2/CRP) and ln(TNFα/CRP) consistently correlated with TSPO VT (R2 = 0.36 to 0.11, p = 0.0030 to p = 0.0076). Assessment of threshold serum values to predict highly elevated TSPO VT, demonstrated that a positive predictive value (PPV) of 80% was possible while retaining 40% of participant samples and that receiver operating curves (ROC) ranged from 75 to 81%. Post-hoc selection of ln(CRP) was more predictive (R2 = 0.23 to 0.39, p = 0.0058 to p = 0.00013; ROC > 80%). Systematic assessment of selected peripheral inflammatory markers is promising for developing low cost predictors of TSPO VT. Marker thresholds with high PPV will improve subject stratification for clinical trials of glial targeting therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Attwells
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Elaine Setiawan
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Alan A. Wilson
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Pablo M. Rusjan
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Laura Miler
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Cynthia Xu
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Celeste Hutton
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Muhammad I. Husain
- 0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Stephen Kish
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
| | - Jeffrey H. Meyer
- 0000 0000 8793 5925grid.155956.bResearch Imaging Centre and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8 Canada ,0000 0001 2157 2938grid.17063.33Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8 Canada
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17
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Lim JSY, Kam PCA. Neuroimmune mechanisms of pain: Basic science and potential therapeutic modulators. Anaesth Intensive Care 2020; 48:167-178. [DOI: 10.1177/0310057x20902774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review aims to describe the role of peripheral and central immune responses to tissue and nerve damage in animal models, and to discuss the use of immunomodulatory agents in clinical practice and their perioperative implications. Animal models of pain have demonstrated that nerve injury activates immune signalling pathways that drive aberrant sensory processes, resulting in neuropathic and chronic pain. This response involves the innate immune system. T lymphocytes are also recruited. Glial cells surrounding the damaged nerves release cytokines and proinflammatory mediators that activate resident immune cells and recruit circulatory immune cells. Toll-like receptors on the glial cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. Animal models indicate an immune mechanism of neuropathic pain. Analgesic drugs and anaesthetic agents have varied effects on the neuroimmune interface. Evidence of a neuroimmune interaction is mainly from animal studies. Human studies are required to evaluate the clinical implications of this neuroimmune interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica SY Lim
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter CA Kam
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Anaesthesia, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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18
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Garcia MM, Goicoechea C, Molina-Álvarez M, Pascual D. Toll-like receptor 4: A promising crossroads in the diagnosis and treatment of several pathologies. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 874:172975. [PMID: 32017939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in a wide variety of cells and is the central component of the mammalian innate immune system. Since its discovery in 1997, TLR4 has been assigned an ever-increasing number of functions that extend from pathogen recognition to tissue damage identification and promotion of the intrinsic "damage repair response" in pain, intestinal, respiratory and vascular disorders. Precisely, the finding of conserved sequence homology among species along with the molecular and functional characterisation of the TLR4 gene enabled researchers to envisage a common operating system in the activation of innate immunity and the initiation of plastic changes at the onset of chronic pain. Malfunctioning in other conditions was conceived in parallel. In this respect, "pivot" proteins and pathway redundancy are not just evolutionary leftovers but essential for normal functioning or cell survival. Indeed, at present, TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and their association with certain dysfunctions and diseases are being confirmed in different pools of patients. However, despite its ability to trigger pathogen infection or alternatively tissue injury communications to immune system, TLR4 targeting might not be considered a panacea. This review article represents a compilation of what we know about TLR4 from clinics and basic research on the 20th anniversary of its discovery. Understanding how to fine-tune the interaction between TLR4 and its specific ligands may lead in the next decades to the development of promising new treatments, reducing polypharmacy and probably having an impact on drug use in numerous pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel M Garcia
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda, Atenas S/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Carlos Goicoechea
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda, Atenas S/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Miguel Molina-Álvarez
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda, Atenas S/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - David Pascual
- Area of Pharmacology, Nutrition and Bromatology, Department of Basic Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda, Atenas S/n, 28922, Alcorcón, Spain.
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19
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Dworsky-Fried Z, Kerr BJ, Taylor AMW. Microbes, microglia, and pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2020; 7:100045. [PMID: 32072077 PMCID: PMC7016021 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2020.100045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Explore the connection between the gut microbiome and microglia in chronic pain. Discuss mechanisms by which gut bacteria might influence microglia to contribute to chronic pain. Highlight gaps in knowledge and discuss future directions for the field.
Globally, it is estimated that one in five people suffer from chronic pain, with prevalence increasing with age. The pathophysiology of chronic pain encompasses complex sensory, immune, and inflammatory interactions within both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), are critically involved in the initiation and persistence of chronic pain. Microglia respond to local signals from the CNS but are also modulated by signals from the gastrointestinal tract. Emerging data from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that communication between the gut microbiome, the community of bacteria residing within the gut, and microglia is involved in producing chronic pain. Targeted strategies that manipulate or restore the gut microbiome have been shown to reduce microglial activation and alleviate symptoms associated with inflammation. These data indicate that manipulations of the gut microbiome in chronic pain patients might be a viable strategy in improving pain outcomes. Herein, we discuss the evidence for a connection between microglia and the gut microbiome and explore the mechanisms by which commensal bacteria might influence microglial reactivity to drive chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoë Dworsky-Fried
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Bradley J Kerr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada
| | - Anna M W Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G2H7, Canada
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20
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DeMarco GJ, Nunamaker EA. A Review of the Effects of Pain and Analgesia on Immune System Function and Inflammation: Relevance for Preclinical Studies. Comp Med 2019; 69:520-534. [PMID: 31896389 PMCID: PMC6935697 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most significant challenges facing investigators, laboratory animal veterinarians, and IACUCs, is how to balance appropriate analgesic use, animal welfare, and analgesic impact on experimental results. This is particularly true for in vivo studies on immune system function and inflammatory disease. Often times the effects of analgesic drugs on a particular immune function or model are incomplete or don't exist. Further complicating the picture is evidence of the very tight integration and bidirectional functionality between the immune system and branches of the nervous system involved in nociception and pain. These relationships have advanced the concept of understanding pain as a protective neuroimmune function and recognizing pathologic pain as a neuroimmune disease. This review strives to summarize extant literature on the effects of pain and analgesia on immune system function and inflammation in the context of preclinical in vivo studies. The authors hope this work will help to guide selection of analgesics for preclinical studies of inflammatory disease and immune system function.
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Key Words
- cb,endocannabinoid receptor
- cd,crohn disease
- cfa, complete freund adjuvant
- cgrp,calcitonin gene-related peptide
- cox,cyclooxygenase
- ctl, cytotoxic t-lymphocytes
- damp,damage-associated molecular pattern molecules
- drg,dorsal root ganglion
- dss, dextran sodium sulphate
- ecs,endocannabinoid system
- ibd, inflammatory bowel disease
- ifa,incomplete freund adjuvant
- las, local anesthetics
- pamp,pathogen-associated molecular pattern molecules
- pge2, prostaglandin e2
- p2y, atp purine receptor y
- p2x, atp purine receptor x
- tnbs, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid
- trp, transient receptor potential ion channels
- trpv, transient receptor potential vanilloid
- tg,trigeminal ganglion
- uc,ulcerative colitis
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Affiliation(s)
- George J DeMarco
- Department of Animal Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts;,
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21
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Woller SA, Choi SH, An EJ, Low H, Schneider DA, Ramachandran R, Kim J, Bae YS, Sviridov D, Corr M, Yaksh TL, Miller YI. Inhibition of Neuroinflammation by AIBP: Spinal Effects upon Facilitated Pain States. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2667-2677. [PMID: 29847797 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein (AIBP) reduces lipid raft abundance by augmenting the removal of excess cholesterol from the plasma membrane. Here, we report that AIBP prevents and reverses processes associated with neuroinflammatory-mediated spinal nociceptive processing. The mechanism involves AIBP binding to Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and increased binding of AIBP to activated microglia, which mediates selective regulation of lipid rafts in inflammatory cells. AIBP-mediated lipid raft reductions downregulate LPS-induced TLR4 dimerization, inflammatory signaling, and expression of cytokines in microglia. In mice, intrathecal injections of AIBP reduce spinal myeloid cell lipid rafts, TLR4 dimerization, neuroinflammation, and glial activation. Intrathecal AIBP reverses established allodynia in mice in which pain states were induced by the chemotherapeutic cisplatin, intraplantar formalin, or intrathecal LPS, all of which are pro-nociceptive interventions known to be regulated by TLR4 signaling. These findings demonstrate a mechanism by which AIBP regulates neuroinflammation and suggest the therapeutic potential of AIBP in treating preexisting pain states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Woller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Soo-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eun Jung An
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hann Low
- Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dina A Schneider
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roshni Ramachandran
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yun Soo Bae
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dmitri Sviridov
- Department of Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yury I Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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22
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Crosson T, Roversi K, Balood M, Othman R, Ahmadi M, Wang JC, Seadi Pereira PJ, Tabatabaei M, Couture R, Eichwald T, Latini A, Prediger RD, Rangachari M, Seehus CR, Foster SL, Talbot S. Profiling of how nociceptor neurons detect danger - new and old foes. J Intern Med 2019; 286:268-289. [PMID: 31282104 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The host evolves redundant mechanisms to preserve physiological processing and homeostasis. These functions range from sensing internal and external threats, creating a memory of the insult and generating reflexes, which aim to resolve inflammation. Impairment in such functioning leads to chronic inflammatory diseases. By interacting through a common language of ligands and receptors, the immune and sensory nervous systems work in concert to accomplish such protective functions. Whilst this bidirectional communication helps to protect from danger, it can contribute to disease pathophysiology. Thus, the somatosensory nervous system is anatomically positioned within primary and secondary lymphoid tissues and mucosa to modulate immunity directly. Upstream of this interplay, neurons detect danger, which prompts the release of neuropeptides initiating (i) defensive reflexes (ranging from withdrawal response to coughing) and (ii) chemotaxis, adhesion and local infiltration of immune cells. The resulting outcome of such neuro-immune interplay is still ill-defined, but consensual findings start to emerge and support neuropeptides not only as blockers of TH 1-mediated immunity but also as drivers of TH 2 immune responses. However, the modalities detected by nociceptors revealed broader than mechanical pressure and temperature sensing and include signals as various as cytokines and pathogens to immunoglobulins and even microRNAs. Along these lines, we aggregated various dorsal root ganglion sensory neuron expression profiling datasets supporting such wide-ranging sensing capabilities to help identifying new danger detection modalities of these cells. Thus, revealing unexpected aspects of nociceptor neuron biology might prompt the identification of novel drivers of immunity, means to resolve inflammation and strategies to safeguard homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Crosson
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - K Roversi
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Departamento de Farmacologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Balood
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - R Othman
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Ahmadi
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J-C Wang
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.,Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - M Tabatabaei
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - R Couture
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - T Eichwald
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A Latini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - R D Prediger
- Departamento de Farmacologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Rangachari
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - C R Seehus
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S L Foster
- Depression Clinical Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Talbot
- From the, Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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23
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Morioka N, Kodama K, Tomori M, Yoshikawa K, Saeki M, Nakamura Y, Zhang FF, Hisaoka-Nakashima K, Nakata Y. Stimulation of nuclear receptor REV-ERBs suppresses production of pronociceptive molecules in cultured spinal astrocytes and ameliorates mechanical hypersensitivity of inflammatory and neuropathic pain of mice. Brain Behav Immun 2019; 78:116-130. [PMID: 30682503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The orphan nuclear receptors REV-ERBα and REV-ERBβ (REV-ERBs) are crucial in the regulation of inflammatory-related gene transcription in astroglioma cells, but their role in nociceptive transduction has yet to be elaborated. Spinal dorsal horn astrocytes contribute to the maintenance of chronic pain. Treatment of cultured spinal astrocytes with specific REV-ERBs agonists SR9009 or GSK4112 significantly prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mRNA upregulation of pronociceptive molecules interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA, interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA and matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) mRNA, but not CCL2 mRNA expression. Treatment with SR9009 also blocked tumor necrosis factor-induced IL-1β mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and MMP-9 mRNA. In addition, treatment with SR9009 significantly blocked LPS-induced upregulation of IL-1β protein, IL-6 protein and MMP-9 activity. The inhibitory effects of SR9009 on LPS-induced expression of pronociceptive molecules were blocked by knockdown of REV-ERBs expression with short interference RNA, confirming that SR9009 exerts its effect through REV-ERBs. Intrathecal LPS treatment in male mice induces hind paw mechanical hypersensitivity, and upregulation of IL-1β mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in spinal dorsal horn. Intrathecal pretreatment of SR9009 prevented the onset of LPS-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, cytokine expression and GFAP expression. Intrathecal injection of SR9009 also ameliorated mechanical hypersensitivity during the maintenance phase of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain and partial sciatic nerve ligation-, paclitaxel-, and streptozotocin-induced neuropathy in mice. The current findings suggest that spinal astrocytic REV-ERBs could be critical in the regulation of nociceptive transduction through downregulation of pronociceptive molecule expression. Thus, spinal REV-ERBs could be an effective therapeutic target in the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Morioka
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan.
| | - Keitaro Kodama
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tomori
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Kanade Yoshikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Munenori Saeki
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse IRP, Triad Suite 3305, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Fang Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Institute of Pharmacology, Taishan Medical University, 619 Changcheng Road, Taian, Shandong 271016, China
| | - Kazue Hisaoka-Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakata
- Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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24
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Inhibition of spinal 15-LOX-1 attenuates TLR4-dependent, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-unresponsive hyperalgesia in male rats. Pain 2019; 159:2620-2629. [PMID: 30130298 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the first line of therapeutics for the treatment of mild to moderate somatic pain, they are not generally considered to be effective for neuropathic pain. In the current study, direct activation of spinal Toll-like 4 receptors (TLR4) by the intrathecal (IT) administration of KDO2 lipid A (KLA), the active component of lipopolysaccharide, elicits a robust tactile allodynia that is unresponsive to cyclooxygenase inhibition, despite elevated expression of cyclooxygenase metabolites in the spinal cord. Intrathecal KLA increases 12-lipoxygenase-mediated hepoxilin production in the lumbar spinal cord, concurrent with expression of the tactile allodynia. The TLR4-induced hepoxilin production was also observed in primary spinal microglia, but not in astrocytes, and was accompanied by increased microglial expression of the 12/15-lipoxygenase enzyme 15-LOX-1. Intrathecal KLA-induced tactile allodynia was completely prevented by spinal pretreatment with the 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibitor CDC or a selective antibody targeting rat 15-LOX-1. Similarly, pretreatment with the selective inhibitors ML127 or ML351 both reduced activity of the rat homolog of 15-LOX-1 heterologously expressed in HEK-293T cells and completely abrogated nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-unresponsive allodynia in vivo after IT KLA. Finally, spinal 12/15-lipoxygenase inhibition by nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) both prevents phase II formalin flinching and reverses formalin-induced persistent tactile allodynia. Taken together, these findings suggest that spinal TLR4-mediated hyperpathic states are mediated at least in part through activation of microglial 15-LOX-1.
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25
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Li Q, Zhang J, Chen LZ, Wang JQ, Zhou HP, Tang WJ, Xue W, Liu XH. New pentadienone oxime ester derivatives: synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:130-138. [PMID: 29199491 PMCID: PMC6010105 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1396455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop novel anti-inflammatory agents, a series of new pentadienone oxime ester compounds were designed and synthesized. The structures were determined by IR, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. All compounds have been screened for their anti-inflammatory activity by evaluating their inhibition against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) release in RAW 264.7 cell. Among them, compound 5j was found to be one of the most potent compounds in inhibiting NO and IL-6 (IC50 values were 6.66 µM and 5.07 µM, respectively). Preliminary mechanism studies show that title compound 5j could significantly suppress expressions of nitric oxide synthase, COX-2, and NO, IL-6 through Toll-like receptor 4/mitogen-activated protein kinases/NF-κB signalling pathway. These data support further studies to assess rational design of more efficient pentadienone oxime ester derivatives with anti-inflammatory activity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Juping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Liu Zeng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jie Quan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Hai Ping Zhou
- School of Material Science Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, ChuZhou, P. R. China
| | - Wen Jian Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xue
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P. R. China
| | - Xin Hua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, P. R. China
- School of Material Science Chemical Engineering, ChuZhou University, ChuZhou, P. R. China
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26
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Chung AM. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP): role in peripheral nerve regeneration. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:369-376. [PMID: 29216010 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a neuropeptide that has an important anti-inflammatory role in the immune system. Research has shown that CGRP is an integral part in peripheral nerve regeneration by (1) suppressing tumor necrosis factor-α, (2) forming an initial nerve bridge by increasing fibroblast motility and extracellular matrix synthesis, (3) vascularizing the spinal cord injury site, and (4) inducing Schwann cell (SC) proliferation. In this treatise, the following hypotheses will be explored: (1) CGRP is induced by c-Jun to regulate SC dedifferentiation, (2) CGRP promotes the chemotaxic migration of SCs along the nerve bridge, and (3) CGRP induces myelinophagy by activating various signaling pathways, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Raf/extracellular signal-regulated kinase. These processes provide a framework for understanding the role of CGRP in peripheral nerve regeneration, which may be important in developing better strategies for nerve repair and gaining further insight into demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert M Chung
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0552, USA
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Peng C, Han J, Ye X, Zhang X. IL-33 Treatment Attenuates the Systemic Inflammation Reaction in Acinetobacter baumannii Pneumonia by Suppressing TLR4/NF-κB Signaling. Inflammation 2018; 41:870-877. [PMID: 29508184 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-33 treatment has been reported to reduce mortality in a rat model of sepsis, and the present study aimed to determine whether this effect of IL-33 is achieved through a reduction in the systemic inflammatory response in Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia. After induction of pneumonia, rats were treated with normal saline or IL-33, and mortality over 5 days was recorded. Inflammation within lung tissues was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining as well as measurement of the concentrations of IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and plasma by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), ST2, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in rat lung tissues was assessed by western blotting. The result showed that the mortality rate and systemic inflammation were significantly increased in rats upon infection with A. baumannii, as evidenced by significant increases in the IL-8 and TNF-α levels in BALF and plasma as well as increased NF-κB activity and TLR4 expression in rat lung tissues. Importantly, IL-33 (1 μg/kg) treatment significantly decreased mortality and pulmonary inflammation in A. baumannii-infected rats. Moreover, IL-33 treatment suppressed the elevation of IL-8 and TNF-α levels and inhibited TLR4 expression and NF-κB activation. Overall, these results suggest that IL-33 may decrease the mortality and inhibit the systematic inflammatory response associated with A. baumannii pneumonia by suppressing TLR4/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, China.
| | - Jin Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Xianwei Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, China
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, 83 Zhongshan Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, 550002, China
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Seyedaghamiri F, Heysieattalab S, Hosseinmardi N, Janahmadi M, Elahi-Mahani A, Salari F, Golpayegani M, Khoshbouei H. Hippocampal glial cells modulate morphine-induced behavioral responses. Physiol Behav 2018; 191:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Glial cells modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity in morphine dependent rats. Brain Res Bull 2018; 140:97-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Qiu R, Yao W, Ji H, Yuan D, Gao X, Sha W, Wang F, Huang P, Hei Z. Dexmedetomidine restores septic renal function via promoting inflammation resolution in a rat sepsis model. Life Sci 2018; 204:1-8. [PMID: 29733849 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury occurred after sepsis, resulting in high mortality. This research aims to elucidate the mechanistic effect of DEX on the renal inflammation resolution during sepsis in rats. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into a sham group and the other three cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model groups, based on different treatments: placebo, DEX and 2-adrenergic receptor (AR) inhibitor atipamezole (AT) treatment (DEX + AT) groups. The survival of septic rats within 24 h was recorded. Tissue pathology, plasma IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, lipoxygenase-5 and lipoxin A4 were evaluated. Western blotting and immunostaining was used to determine expression of TLR4, IκB, IKK, NF-κB p65 and pp65 in kidney tissue. Then qPCR was used to analyze the mRNA expression of renal α2A-AR, α2B-AR and α2C-AR. RESULTS Rat mortality and kidney inflammation were significantly increased in septic rats. Specifically, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α plasma levels, NF-κB activity, and TLR4 expression in rat kidney tissues were increased after CLP. In the DEX treatment group, mortality was reduced, histology changes were minor, and lipoxygenase-5, and lipoxin A4 expression were increased. The expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, NF-κB activity and TLR4 expression in rat kidney tissues were also decreased. These results indicated that DEX treatment alleviates acute kidney injury induced by CLP. However, the effects of DEX were apparently suppressed by atipamezole in the DEX + AT group. CONCLUSION The current study demonstrated the protective effect of DEX on CLP-induced kidney injury, which may be effective by attenuating NF-κB pathway activation with lipoxin A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongzong Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
| | - Haocong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, China
| | - Dongdong Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, China
| | - Weiping Sha
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, China
| | - Pinjie Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huizhou First Hospital, Huizhou, Guangdong 516000, China
| | - Ziqing Hei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China.
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Kalynovska N, Adamek P, Palecek J. TRPV1 receptors contribute to paclitaxel-induced c-Fos expression in spinal cord dorsal horn neurons. Physiol Res 2018; 66:549-552. [PMID: 28730839 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptors are important in the development of different pathological chronic pain states. Here we examined the role of spinal cord TRPV1 receptors in the mechanisms leading to activation of dorsal horn neurons after paclitaxel (PAC) treatment. PAC is a widely used chemotherapeutic drug that often leads to development of painful neuropathy. Immunohistochemical analysis of c-Fos protein expression in dorsal horn neurons was used as a marker of neuronal activation. Rat spinal cord slices were processed for in vitro incubation with PAC (100 nM) and TRPV1 receptor antagonists (SB366791 and AMG9810; 10 microM). PAC treatment induced significant upregulation of c-Fos nuclear expression in superficial dorsal horn neurons that was diminished by TRPV1 receptor antagonists pre-incubation. These results further substantiated the role of spinal TRPV1 receptors in the development of paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain and contribute to better understanding of the pathological mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kalynovska
- Department of Functional Morphology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Knezevic NN, Yekkirala A, Yaksh TL. Basic/Translational Development of Forthcoming Opioid- and Nonopioid-Targeted Pain Therapeutics. Anesth Analg 2017; 125:1714-1732. [PMID: 29049116 PMCID: PMC5679134 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000002442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Opioids represent an efficacious therapeutic modality for some, but not all pain states. Singular reliance on opioid therapy for pain management has limitations, and abuse potential has deleterious consequences for patient and society. Our understanding of pain biology has yielded insights and opportunities for alternatives to conventional opioid agonists. The aim is to have efficacious therapies, with acceptable side effect profiles and minimal abuse potential, which is to say an absence of reinforcing activity in the absence of a pain state. The present work provides a nonexclusive overview of current drug targets and potential future directions of research and development. We discuss channel activators and blockers, including sodium channel blockers, potassium channel activators, and calcium channel blockers; glutamate receptor-targeted agents, including N-methyl-D-aspartate, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid, and metabotropic receptors. Furthermore, we discuss therapeutics targeted at γ-aminobutyric acid, α2-adrenergic, and opioid receptors. We also considered antagonists of angiotensin 2 and Toll receptors and agonists/antagonists of adenosine, purine receptors, and cannabinoids. Novel targets considered are those focusing on lipid mediators and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Of interest is development of novel targeting strategies, which produce long-term alterations in pain signaling, including viral transfection and toxins. We consider issues in the development of druggable molecules, including preclinical screening. While there are examples of successful translation, mechanistically promising preclinical candidates may unexpectedly fail during clinical trials because the preclinical models may not recapitulate the particular human pain condition being addressed. Molecular target characterization can diminish the disconnect between preclinical and humans' targets, which should assist in developing nonaddictive analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center Chicago, Illinois; Departments of †Anesthesiology and ‡Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois; §Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, and Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; ‖Blue Therapeutics, Harvard Innovation Launch Lab, Allston, Massachusetts; and Departments of ¶Anesthesiology and #Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Ji D, Zhou Y, Li S, Li D, Chen H, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Xu H. Anti-nociceptive effect of dexmedetomidine in a rat model of monoarthritis via suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4910-4918. [PMID: 29201195 PMCID: PMC5704272 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
As a therapeutic target for neuropathic pain, the anti-nociceptive effects of α 2-adrenoceptors (α2AR) have attracted attention. Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a potent and highly selective α2AR agonist, has exhibited significant analgesic effects in neuropathic pain, but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. The present study investigated the effect of DEX on Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 expression, as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The rat monoarthritis (MA) model was induced by intra-articular injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) at the ankle joint. After induction of MA, the rats were intrathecally treated with normal saline or DEX (2.5 µg) for 3 consecutive days. The concentration of interleukin-1β and -6 as well as tumor necrosis factor-α was examined by ELISA. The expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 were determined by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The results indicated that the pro-inflammatory cytokines TLR4 and NF-κB p65 were significantly upregulated in MA rats. DEX treatment markedly reduced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia, suppressed MA-induced elevation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway, while these effects were blocked by pre-treatment with the selective α2AR antagonist BRL44408 (15 µg) at 30 min prior to CFA injection. These results suggested that DEX has an anti-nociceptive effect via suppressing the TLR4/NF-κB p65 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yalan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuanchang Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuqiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Yaksh TL, Fisher CJ, Hockman TM, Wiese AJ. Current and Future Issues in the Development of Spinal Agents for the Management of Pain. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:232-259. [PMID: 26861470 PMCID: PMC5412694 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160307145542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting analgesic drugs for spinal delivery reflects the fact that while the conscious experience of pain is mediated supraspinally, input initiated by high intensity stimuli, tissue injury and/or nerve injury is encoded at the level of the spinal dorsal horn and this output informs the brain as to the peripheral environment. This encoding process is subject to strong upregulation resulting in hyperesthetic states and downregulation reducing the ongoing processing of nociceptive stimuli reversing the hyperesthesia and pain processing. The present review addresses the biology of spinal nociceptive processing as relevant to the effects of intrathecally-delivered drugs in altering pain processing following acute stimulation, tissue inflammation/injury and nerve injury. The review covers i) the major classes of spinal agents currently employed as intrathecal analgesics (opioid agonists, alpha 2 agonists; sodium channel blockers; calcium channel blockers; NMDA blockers; GABA A/B agonists; COX inhibitors; ii) ongoing developments in the pharmacology of spinal therapeutics focusing on less studied agents/targets (cholinesterase inhibition; Adenosine agonists; iii) novel intrathecal targeting methodologies including gene-based approaches (viral vectors, plasmids, interfering RNAs); antisense, and toxins (botulinum toxins; resniferatoxin, substance P Saporin); and iv) issues relevant to intrathecal drug delivery (neuraxial drug distribution), infusate delivery profile, drug dosing, formulation and principals involved in the preclinical evaluation of intrathecal drug safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony L. Yaksh
- University of California, San Diego, Anesthesia Research Lab 0818, 9500 Gilman Dr. LaJolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Casey J. Fisher
- University of California, San Diego, Anesthesia Research Lab 0818, 9500 Gilman Dr. LaJolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Tyler M. Hockman
- University of California, San Diego, Anesthesia Research Lab 0818, 9500 Gilman Dr. LaJolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ashley J. Wiese
- University of California, San Diego, Anesthesia Research Lab 0818, 9500 Gilman Dr. LaJolla, CA 92093, USA
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Alqinyah M, Maganti N, Ali MW, Yadav R, Gao M, Cacan E, Weng HR, Greer SF, Hooks SB. Regulator of G Protein Signaling 10 (Rgs10) Expression Is Transcriptionally Silenced in Activated Microglia by Histone Deacetylase Activity. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:197-207. [PMID: 28031332 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
RGS10 has emerged as a key regulator of proinflammatory cytokine production in microglia, functioning as an important neuroprotective factor. Although RGS10 is normally expressed in microglia at high levels, expression is silenced in vitro following activation of TLR4 receptor. Given the ability of RGS10 to regulate inflammatory signaling, dynamic regulation of RGS10 levels in microglia may be an important mechanism to tune inflammatory responses. The goals of the current study were to confirm that RGS10 is suppressed in an in vivo inflammatory model of microglial activation and to determine the mechanism for activation-dependent silencing of Rgs10 expression in microglia. We demonstrate that endogenous RGS10 is present in spinal cord microglia, and RGS10 protein levels are suppressed in the spinal cord in a nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain mouse model. We show that the histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzyme inhibitor trichostatin A blocks the ability of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to suppress Rgs10 transcription in BV-2 and primary microglia, demonstrating that HDAC enzymes are required for LPS silencing of Rgs10 Furthermore, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation to demonstrate that H3 histones at the Rgs10 proximal promoter are deacetylated in BV-2 microglia following LPS activation, and HDAC1 association at the Rgs10 promoter is enhanced following LPS stimulation. Finally, we have shown that sphingosine 1-phosphate, an endogenous microglial signaling mediator that inhibits HDAC activity, enhances basal Rgs10 expression in BV-2 microglia, suggesting that Rgs10 expression is dynamically regulated in microglia in response to multiple signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A., M.W.A., R.Y., M.G., H.-R.W., S.B.H.); and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (N.M., E.C., S.F.G.)
| | - Nagini Maganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A., M.W.A., R.Y., M.G., H.-R.W., S.B.H.); and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (N.M., E.C., S.F.G.)
| | - Mourad W Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A., M.W.A., R.Y., M.G., H.-R.W., S.B.H.); and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (N.M., E.C., S.F.G.)
| | - Ruchi Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A., M.W.A., R.Y., M.G., H.-R.W., S.B.H.); and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (N.M., E.C., S.F.G.)
| | - Mei Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A., M.W.A., R.Y., M.G., H.-R.W., S.B.H.); and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (N.M., E.C., S.F.G.)
| | - Ercan Cacan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A., M.W.A., R.Y., M.G., H.-R.W., S.B.H.); and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (N.M., E.C., S.F.G.)
| | - Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A., M.W.A., R.Y., M.G., H.-R.W., S.B.H.); and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (N.M., E.C., S.F.G.)
| | - Susanna F Greer
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A., M.W.A., R.Y., M.G., H.-R.W., S.B.H.); and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (N.M., E.C., S.F.G.)
| | - Shelley B Hooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (M.A., M.W.A., R.Y., M.G., H.-R.W., S.B.H.); and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia (N.M., E.C., S.F.G.)
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Chehrei S, Moradi M, Ghiabi HR, Falahi M, Kaviani S, Ghanbari A. Pentoxifylline besides naltrexone recovers morphine-induced inflammation in male reproductive system of rats by regulating Toll-like receptor pathway. Andrologia 2016; 49. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Chehrei
- Department of Biology; Arak Branch; Islamic Azad University; Arak Iran
| | - M. Moradi
- Department of Physiology; Medicine Faculty; Physiology Research Centre; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences; Ahvaz Iran
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - H. R. Ghiabi
- Department of Management; Arak Branch; Islamic Azad University; Arak Iran
| | - M. Falahi
- Student Research Committee; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
| | - S. Kaviani
- Kaviani Research Center; Chartered by CQI; Britain UK
| | - A. Ghanbari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences; Kermanshah Iran
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Guerrero ATG, Pinto LG, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH, Alves-Filho JC, Verri WA, Cunha TM. Mechanisms underlying the hyperalgesic responses triggered by joint activation of TLR4. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:1293-1300. [PMID: 27689757 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) including TLR4 and their signal pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of arthritis. Herein, we evaluated the mechanisms underlying the hyperalgesic response caused by TLR4 activation in the tibio-tarsal joint in mice. METHODS Joint inflammatory hyperalgesia was induced by intra-articular (ia) injection of LPS (lipopolysaccharide- TLR4 agonist) in C57BL/6, TLR4, TLR2, MyD88, TRIF, TNFR1/2 and IL-1R1 knockout (-/-) mice. Joint hyperalgesia was evaluated using an electronic von Frey. Neutrophil recruitment was assessed by MPO activity. Joint levels of cytokines were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Firstly, it was shown that LPS injected into the joints causes a dose- and time-dependent reduction in the mechanical nociceptive threshold. The TLR4 activation in the joint triggers mechanical hyperalgesia and neutrophil migration, which was abolished in TLR4 -/- and MyD88-/-, but not in TLR2-/- and TRIF-/- mice. Besides, joint administration of LPS increased the release of TNF-α, IL-1β, and KC/CXCL1, which were reduced in TLR4-/- and MyD88-/-, but not in TRIF-/- mice. In agreement, the LPS-induced joint nociceptive effect was decreased in TNFR1/2-/- and IL-1R1-/- mice or in mice pre-treated with a CXCR1/2 selective antagonist (DF2156A). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TLR4 activation in the joint produces articular hyperalgesia via MyD88 signaling pathway. Moreover, this pathway is involved in the cascade of events of articular hyperalgesia through mechanisms dependent on cytokines and chemokines production. Thus, TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway inhibitors might be useful for the treatment of inflammatory joint pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana T G Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ Mato Grosso do Sul, Rua Gabriel Abrão 92, 79081-746 Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Larissa G Pinto
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Q Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sérgio H Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jose C Alves-Filho
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Waldiceu A Verri
- Departamento de Patologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Rod. Celso Garcia Cid Km380 PR445, 86057-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Woller SA, Ravula SB, Tucci FC, Beaton G, Corr M, Isseroff RR, Soulika AM, Chigbrow M, Eddinger KA, Yaksh TL. Systemic TAK-242 prevents intrathecal LPS evoked hyperalgesia in male, but not female mice and prevents delayed allodynia following intraplantar formalin in both male and female mice: The role of TLR4 in the evolution of a persistent pain state. Brain Behav Immun 2016; 56:271-80. [PMID: 27044335 PMCID: PMC4917460 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pain resulting from local tissue injury or inflammation typically resolves with time. Frequently, however, this pain may unexpectedly persist, becoming a pathological chronic state. Increasingly, the innate and adaptive immune systems are being implicated in the initiation and maintenance of these persistent conditions. In particular, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling has been shown to mediate the transition to a persistent pain state in a sex-dependent manner. In the present work, we explored this contribution using the TLR4 antagonist, TAK-242. METHODS Male and female C57Bl/6 mice were given intravenous (IV), intrathecal (IT), or intraperitoneal (IP) TAK-242 prior to IT delivery of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and tactile reactivity was assessed at regular intervals over 72-h. Additional groups of mice were treated with IP TAK-242 prior to intraplantar formalin, and flinching was monitored for 1-h. Tactile reactivity was assessed at 7-days after formalin delivery. RESULTS LPS evoked TNF release from male and female macrophages and RAW267.4 cells, which was blocked in a concentration dependent fashion by TAK-242. In vivo, IT LPS evoked tactile allodynia to a greater degree in male than female mice. TAK-242, given by all routes, prevented development of IT LPS-induced tactile allodynia in male animals, but did not reverse their established allodynia. TLR4 deficiency and TAK-242 treatment attenuated IT LPS-induced allodynia in male, but not female mice. In the formalin model, pre-treatment with TAK-242 did not affect Phase 1 or Phase 2 flinching, but prevented the delayed tactile allodynia in both male and unexpectedly in female mice (Phase 3). CONCLUSIONS Together, these results suggest that TAK-242 is a TLR4 antagonist that has efficacy after systemic and intrathecal delivery and confirms the role of endogenous TLR4 signaling in triggering the development of a delayed allodynia in both male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Woller
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Satheesh B Ravula
- Epigen Biosciences Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A104, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Fabio C Tucci
- Epigen Biosciences Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A104, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Graham Beaton
- Epigen Biosciences Inc., 10225 Barnes Canyon Road, Suite A104, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
| | - Maripat Corr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - R Rivkah Isseroff
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Athena M Soulika
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Northern California, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Marianne Chigbrow
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Kelly A Eddinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Tony L Yaksh
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Tang ML, Zhong C, Liu ZY, Peng P, Liu XH, Sun X. Discovery of novel sesquistilbene indanone analogues as potent anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 113:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Luo J, Feng J, Liu S, Walters ET, Hu H. Molecular and cellular mechanisms that initiate pain and itch. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:3201-23. [PMID: 25894692 PMCID: PMC4534341 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Somatosensory neurons mediate our sense of touch. They are critically involved in transducing pain and itch sensations under physiological and pathological conditions, along with other skin-resident cells. Tissue damage and inflammation can produce a localized or systemic sensitization of our senses of pain and itch, which can facilitate our detection of threats in the environment. Although acute pain and itch protect us from further damage, persistent pain and itch are debilitating. Recent exciting discoveries have significantly advanced our knowledge of the roles of membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptors and ion channels in the encoding of information leading to pain and itch sensations. This review focuses on molecular and cellular events that are important in early stages of the biological processing that culminates in our senses of pain and itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialie Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Center for the Study of Itch, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave., St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhou G, Li H. The effect of dexmedetomidine on inflammatory response of septic rats. BMC Anesthesiol 2015; 15:68. [PMID: 25929655 PMCID: PMC4422264 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-015-0042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some studies have demonstrated dexmedetomidine has anti-inflammatory effect on septic rats. However, the mechanism of how dexmedetomidine exerts these effects is still remained unknown. This study was designed to investigate the mechanism of how dexmedetomidine inhibits the production of inflammatory mediators in cecal ligation and puncturinduced septic rats. Methods 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: sham-operated (sham) group, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group, dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg (DEX5) group, dexmedetomidine 10 μg/kg (DEX10) group,dexmedetomidine + yohimbine (DEX10 + Yoh) group and yohimibine group (Yoh). Blood, bronchoalveolarlavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues in each group were collected at six hours after dexmedetomidine or yohimbine treatment,. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in BALF and plasma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Toll-like receptor-4(TLR4) and myeloid differerntiation factor(MyD88) expression were measuredby quantitative PCR, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 phosphorylation were determined by western blott. Results Compared with CLP group, dexmedetomidine significantly decreased not only the production of TNF-α and IL-6 both in plasma and BALF, but also inhibited the expression of TLR4 and MyD88 in mRNA level and the activation of ERK1/2 and NF-κB in the lung tissues of CLP-induced septic rats. All these effects could not be reversed by yohimibine. Conclusions Dexmedetomidine treatment can effectively reduce the generation of inflammatory mediators in the plasma and BALF of CLP-induced septic rats. These effects of dexmedetomidine rely on TLR4/MyD88/MAPK/ NF-κB signaling pathway and are independent of α2-adrenoceptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Zhang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Guobin Zhou
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongying Li
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Paclitaxel induces acute pain via directly activating toll like receptor 4. Mol Pain 2015; 11:10. [PMID: 25868824 PMCID: PMC4363343 DOI: 10.1186/s12990-015-0005-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel, a powerful anti-neoplastic drug, often causes pathological pain, which significantly reduces the quality of life in patients. Paclitaxel-induced pain includes pain that occurs immediately after paclitaxel treatment (paclitaxel-associated acute pain syndrome, P-APS) and pain that persists for weeks to years after cessation of paclitaxel treatment (paclitaxel induced chronic neuropathic pain). Mechanisms underlying P-APS remain unknown. In this study, we found that paclitaxel causes acute pain in rodents in a dose-dependent manner. The paclitaxel-induced acute pain occurs within 2 hrs after a single intravenous injection of paclitaxel. This is accompanied by low levels of paclitaxel penetrating into the cerebral spinal fluid and spinal dorsal horn. We demonstrated that an intrathecal injection of paclitaxel induces mechanical allodynia in a dose-dependent manner. Paclitaxel causes activation of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) in the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglions. Through activating TLR4, paclitaxel increases glutamatergic synaptic activities and reduces glial glutamate transporter activities in the dorsal horn. Activations of TLR4 are necessary in the genesis of paclitaxel-induced acute pain. The cellular and molecular signaling pathways revealed in this study could provide rationales for the development of analgesics and management strategies for P-APS in patients.
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Yan X, Jiang E, Weng HR. Activation of toll like receptor 4 attenuates GABA synthesis and postsynaptic GABA receptor activities in the spinal dorsal horn via releasing interleukin-1 beta. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:222. [PMID: 25571780 PMCID: PMC4302431 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0222-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) is an innate immune pattern recognition receptor, expressed predominantly on microglia in the CNS. Activation of spinal TLR4 plays a critical role in the genesis of pathological pain induced by nerve injury, bone cancer, and tissue inflammation. Currently, it remains unknown how synaptic activities in the spinal dorsal horn are regulated by TLR4 receptors. Through recording GABAergic currents in neurons and glial glutamate transporter currents in astrocytes in rodent spinal slices, we determined whether and how TLR4 modulates GABAergic synaptic activities in the superficial spinal dorsal horn. We found that activation of TLR4 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) reduces GABAergic synaptic activities through both presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. Specifically, LPS causes the release of IL-1β from microglia. IL-1β in turn suppresses GABA receptor activities at the postsynaptic site through activating protein kinase C (PKC) in neurons. GABA synthesis at the presynaptic site is reduced upon activation of TLR4. Glial glutamate transporter activities are suppressed by IL-1β and PKC activation induced by LPS. The suppression of glial glutamate transporter activities leads to a deficiency of glutamine supply, which results in an attenuation of the glutamate-glutamine cycle-dependent GABA synthesis. These findings shed light on understanding synaptic plasticity induced by activation of TLR4 under neuroinflammation and identify GABA receptors, glial glutamate transporters, IL-1β and PKC as therapeutic targets to abrogate abnormal neuronal activities following activation of TLR4 in pathological pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xisheng Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, 240 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. .,Department of Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Third Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Department of Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,Institute of Public Hygiene, Henan University Nursing School, Kaifeng, China.
| | - Han-Rong Weng
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, 240 West Green Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA. .,Department of Pain Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Chen S, Xiong J, Zhan Y, Liu W, Wang X. Wogonin inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory responses in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons via inhibiting TLR4-MyD88-TAK1-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 35:523-31. [PMID: 25504431 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies showed that the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons might underlie neuropathic and inflammatory pain states. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of wogonin, a flavonoid with potent anti-inflammatory properties on the inflammatory reaction and TLR4 dependent pathways in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated DRG neurons. Our results showed that wogonin not only inhibited the expression and interaction of TLR4, MyD88, and TAK1, but also reduced the activation of nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathway in LPS-treated DRG neurons. Moreover, wogonin significantly suppressed the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-induced DRG neurons, including cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthases, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Our results suggested that pre-treatment with wogonin could attenuate the TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in LPS-induced DRG neurons, thus might be beneficial for the treatment of neuropathic and inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibiao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China,
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Heiman A, Pallottie A, Heary RF, Elkabes S. Toll-like receptors in central nervous system injury and disease: a focus on the spinal cord. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 42:232-45. [PMID: 25063708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are best known for recognizing pathogens and initiating an innate immune response to protect the host. However, they also detect tissue damage and induce sterile inflammation upon the binding of endogenous ligands released by stressed or injured cells. In addition to immune system-related cells, TLRs have been identified in central nervous system (CNS) neurons and glial subtypes including microglia, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Direct and indirect effects of TLR ligands on neurons and glial subtypes have been documented in vitro. Likewise, the effects of TLR ligands have been demonstrated in vivo using animal models of CNS trauma and disease including spinal cord injury (SCI), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and neuropathic pain. The indirect effects are most likely mediated via microglia or immune system cells that infiltrate the diseased or injured CNS. Despite considerable progress over the past decade, the role of TLRs in the physiological and pathological function of the spinal cord remains inadequately defined. Published reports collectively highlight TLRs as promising targets for therapeutic interventions in spinal cord pathology. The findings also underscore the complexity of TLR-mediated mechanisms and the necessity for further research in this field. The goals of the current review are to recapitulate the studies that investigated the role of TLRs in the spinal cord, to discuss potential future research directions, and to examine some of the challenges associated with pre-clinical studies pertinent to TLRs in the injured or diseased spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adee Heiman
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Alexandra Pallottie
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Robert F Heary
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Stella Elkabes
- Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States.
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Tse KH, Chow KBS, Leung WK, Wong YH, Wise H. Primary sensory neurons regulate Toll-like receptor-4-dependent activity of glial cells in dorsal root ganglia. Neuroscience 2014; 279:10-22. [PMID: 25171787 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) has been identified in primary sensory neurons, both in vivo and in vitro, but is reportedly absent from satellite glial cells (SGCs). Herein we reveal that, in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG), SGCs do express TLR4 but this expression is inhibited by direct contact with neurons. Thus, TLR4 mRNA and protein is strongly up-regulated in isolated DRG glial cells in the absence of neurons. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) mRNA expression with greater efficacy in DRG glial cell cultures than in mixed DRG cell cultures containing TLR4-positive neurons. Using an insert co-culture system, we have shown that neuronal inhibition of glial cell TLR4 is likely to be dependent on cell-cell contact rather than diffusible factors from neurons. LPS stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production from DRG glial cells in a TLR4- and COX-2-dependent manner. In addition, exogenous PGE2 potentiated LPS-stimulated COX-2 mRNA while inhibiting TNFα mRNA expression by DRG cells, suggestive of a complex regulatory system to control inflammation within the DRG. In addition to LPS, conditioned medium from heat-shocked DRG neurons also increased COX-2 mRNA expression in DRG glial cells in a partially TLR4-dependent manner. We therefore hypothesize that neuronal suppression of glial TLR4 activity is a protective mechanism to prevent uncontrolled inflammation within the DRG. Under conditions where DRG neuronal viability is compromised, DRG glial cells become responsive to PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) and DAMPs (danger-associated molecular patterns) and generate a range of classical inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - K B S Chow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - W K Leung
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Y H Wong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - H Wise
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Liu G, Guo J, Liu J, Wang Z, Liang D. Toll-like receptor signaling directly increases functional IL-17RA expression in neuroglial cells. Clin Immunol 2014; 154:127-40. [PMID: 25076485 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
IL-17, the hallmark cytokine of Th17 cells, plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including encephalomyelitis. In the central nervous system, neuroglial cells are the main residents that express IL-17R and respond to IL-17 by producing chemokines/cytokines and boosting local inflammation. Factors that influence the IL-17R expression in neuroglial cells can also exert their impacts on the outbreak, progression and outcome of encephalomyelitis. Here, we reported that Toll-like receptor signaling has its bias for promoting the IL-17RA, but not the IL-17RC, expression in mouse neuroglial cells in a T cell infiltration independent manner. Elevated IL-17R functionally responded to IL-17 by secreting more chemokines and accelerating CD4 cell migration. First, real-time PCR confirmed that the expression of Il-17ra, but not Il-17rc, was significantly increased in the brain and spinal cord of EAE-induced mice. This effect was elicited by something in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), because markedly increased IL-17R was detected in mice immunized with CFA only, even though no evidence of EAE was found. Furthermore, in Rag1(-/-) mice, it was confirmed that CFA could augment the IL-17RA expression in the CNS in the absence of T cell infiltration. In vivo immunization with TLR ligands and in vitro treatment of purified neuroglial cells demonstrated that TLR ligands directly and effectively evoke the IL-17RA expression in the CNS and in cultured astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. LPS was the most effective inducer of the IL-17RA expression in astrocytes, and polyIC was superior to LPS for microglia and oligodendrocytes. Activated CD4 cells can also promote the secretion of chemokines by LPS pre-treated astrocytes, and hence accelerate the migration of CD4 cells, which was blocked by the neutralization of IL-17RA on the surface of the astrocyte. Taken together, we concluded that TLR signaling can directly stimulate the expression of IL-17RA, but not IL-17RC, in neuroglial cells, which functionally respond to IL-17A by secreting chemokines, accelerating CD4 cell migration, and contributing to the pathogenesis of encephalomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhiyun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Dongchun Liang
- Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, CA 90033, USA.
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Lipopolysaccharide differentially modulates expression of cytokines and cyclooxygenases in dorsal root ganglion cells via Toll-like receptor-4 dependent pathways. Neuroscience 2014; 267:241-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhao H, Luo F, Li H, Zhang L, Yi Y, Wan J. Antinociceptive effect of tetrandrine on LPS-induced hyperalgesia via the inhibition of IKKβ phosphorylation and the COX-2/PGE₂ pathway in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94586. [PMID: 24722146 PMCID: PMC3983227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetrandrine (TET) is a bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid that is isolated from the Stephania Tetrandra. It is known to possess anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. We have shown that TET can effectively suppress the production of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory mediators, including cyclooxygenases (COXs), in macrophages. However, whether TET has an antinociceptive effect on LPS-induced hyperalgesia is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the potential antinociceptive effects of TET and the mechanisms by which it elicits its effects on LPS-induced hyperalgesia. LPS effectively evoked hyperalgesia and induced the production of PGE2 in the sera, brain tissues, and cultured astroglia. TET pretreatment attenuated all of these effects. LPS also activated inhibitor of κB (IκB) kinase β (IKKβ) and its downstream components in the IκB/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway, including COX-2; the increase in expression levels of these components was significantly abolished by TET. Furthermore, in primary astroglia, knockdown of IKKβ, but not IKKα, reversed the effects of TET on the LPS-induced increase in IκB phosphorylation, P65 phosphorylation, and COX-2. Our results suggest that TET can effectively exert antinociceptive effects on LPS-induced hyperalgesia in mice by inhibiting IKKβ phosphorylation, which leads to the reduction in the production of important pain mediators, such as PGE2 and COX-2, via the IKKβ/IκB/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengguang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuling Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongzhong Li
- Molecular oncology and epigenetics laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongfen Yi
- Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Tumor Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (YFY); (JYW)
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (YFY); (JYW)
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Li XQ, Lv HW, Tan WF, Fang B, Wang H, Ma H. Role of the TLR4 pathway in blood-spinal cord barrier dysfunction during the bimodal stage after ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Neuroinflammation 2014; 11:62. [PMID: 24678770 PMCID: PMC3977699 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-11-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) involves two-phase injury, including an initial acute ischemic insult and subsequent inflammatory reperfusion injury, resulting in blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) dysfunction involving the TLR4 pathway. However, the correlation between TLR4/MyD88-dependent and TLR4/TRIF-dependent pathways in BSCB dysfunction is not fully understood. The aim of this study is to characterize inflammatory responses in spinal cord I/R and the events that define its clinical progression with delayed neurological deficits, supporting a bimodal mechanism of injury. Methods Rats were intrathecally pretreated with TAK-242, MyD88 inhibitory peptide, or Resveratrol at a 12 h interval for 3 days before undergoing 14-minute occlusion of aortic arch. Evan’s Blue (EB) extravasation and water content were detected at 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h after reperfusion. EB extravasation, water content, and NF-κB activation were increased with time after reperfusion, suggesting a bimodal distribution, as maximal increasing were detected at both 12 and 48 h after reperfusion. The changes were directly proportional to TLR4 levels determined by Western blot. Double-labeled immunohistochemical analysis was also used to detect the relationship between different cell types of BSCB with TLR4. Furthermore, NF-κB and IL-1β were analyzed at 12 and 48 h to identify the correlation between MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways. Results Rats without functional TLR4 and MyD88 attenuated BSCB leakage and inflammatory responses at 12 h, suggesting the ischemic event was largely mediated by MyD88-dependent pathway. Similar protective effects observed in rats with depleted TLR4, MyD88, and TRIF receptor at 48 h infer that the ongoing inflammation which occurred in late phase was mainly initiated by TRIF-dependent pathway and such inflammatory response could be further amplified by MyD88-dependent pathway. Additionally, microglia appeared to play a major role in early phase of inflammation after I/R injury, while in late responding phase both microglia and astrocytes were necessary. Conclusions These findings indicate the relevance of TLR4/MyD88-dependent and TLR4/TRIF-dependent pathways in bimodal phases of inflammatory responses after I/R injury, corresponding with the clinical progression of injury and delayed onset of symptoms. The clinical usage of TLR4 signaling inhibitors at different phases may be a therapeutic option for the prevention of delayed injury.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hong Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China.
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