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Li Y, Xiong Z, Jiang WL, Tian D, Zhou H, Hou Q, Xiao L, Zhang M, Huang L, Zhong L, Zhou L, Zeng GG. An innovative viewpoint on the existing and prospectiveness of SR-B1. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102226. [PMID: 38040207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 (SR-B1), a receptor protein expressed on the cell membrane, plays a crucial role in the metabolism and transport of cholesterol and other lipids, contributing significantly to the homeostasis of lipid levels within the body. Bibliometric analysis involves the application of mathematical and statistical methods to quantitatively analyze different types of documents. It involves the analysis of structural and temporal trends in scholarly articles, coupled with the identification of subject emphasis and variations. Through a bibliometric analysis, this study examines the historical background, current research trends, and future directions in the exploration of SR-B1. By offering insights into the research status and development of SR-B1, this paper aims to assist researchers in identifying novel pathways and areas of investigation in this field of study. Following the screening process, it can be concluded that research on SR-B1 has consistently remained a topic of significant interest over the past 17 years. Interestingly, SR-B1 has recently garnered attention in areas beyond its traditional research focus, including the field of cancer. The primary objective of this review is to provide a concise and accessible overview of the development process of SR-B1 that can help readers who are not well-versed in SR-B1 research quickly grasp its key aspects. Furthermore, this review aims to offer insights and suggestions to researchers regarding potential future research directions and areas of emphasis relating to SR-B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggui Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zhijie Xiong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wan-Li Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- School of Nursing, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Haiyou Zhou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qin Hou
- Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Liang Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Liubin Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Lianping Zhong
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Department of Gastroenterology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Guang-Gui Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Digestive Internal Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Laboratory for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; 2020 Grade Excellent Doctor Class of Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Al‐kuraishy HM, Hussien NR, Al‐Niemi MS, Fahad EH, Al‐Buhadily AK, Al‐Gareeb AI, Al‐Hamash SM, Tsagkaris C, Papadakis M, Alexiou A, Batiha GE. SARS-CoV-2 induced HDL dysfunction may affect the host's response to and recovery from COVID-19. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e861. [PMID: 37249296 PMCID: PMC10187021 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Covid-19 is linked with the development of cardio-metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia, dysregulation of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Furthermore, SARS-Co-2 infection is associated with noteworthy changes in lipid profile, which is suggested as a possible biomarker to support the diagnosis and management of Covid-19. METHODS This paper adopts the literature review method to obtain information about how Covid-19 affects high-risk group patients and may cause severe and critical effects due to the development of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A narrative and comprehensive review is presented. RESULTS Reducing HDL in Covid-19 is connected to the disease severity and poor clinical outcomes, suggesting that high HDL serum levels could benefit Covid-19. SARS-CoV-2 binds HDL, and this complex is attached to the co-localized receptors, facilitating viral entry. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 infection may induce the development of dysfunctional HDL through different mechanisms, including induction of inflammatory and oxidative stress with activation of inflammatory signaling pathways. In turn, the induction of dysfunctional HDL induces the activation of inflammatory signaling pathways and oxidative stress, increasing Covid-19 severity. CONCLUSIONS Covid-19 is linked with the development of cardio-metabolic disorders, including dyslipidemia in general and dysregulation of high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein. Therefore, the present study aimed to overview the causal relationship between dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein and Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Pharmacology, ToxicologyMedicine College of Medicine Al‐Mustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Nawar R. Hussien
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of PharmacyAl‐Farahidi UniversityBagdadIraq
| | - Marwa S. Al‐Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of PharmacyAl‐Farahidi UniversityBagdadIraq
| | | | - Ali K. Al‐Buhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medicine and Therapeutic, Medical Faculty, College of MedicineAl‐Mustansiriya UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Pharmacology, ToxicologyMedicine College of Medicine Al‐Mustansiriyah UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | | | - Christos Tsagkaris
- Department of Health SciencesNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeUniversity of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP Med AustriaWienAustria
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourAlBeheiraEgypt
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Di Simone M, Corsale AM, Lo Presti E, Scichilone N, Picone C, Giannitrapani L, Dieli F, Meraviglia S. Phenotypical and Functional Alteration of γδ T Lymphocytes in COVID-19 Patients: Reversal by Statins. Cells 2022; 11:3449. [PMID: 36359845 PMCID: PMC9656060 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: statins have been considered an attractive class of drugs in the pharmacological setting of COVID-19 due to their pleiotropic properties and their use correlates with decreased mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, it is well known that statins, which block the mevalonate pathway, affect γδ T lymphocyte activation. As γδ T cells participate in the inflammatory process of COVID-19, we have investigated the therapeutical potential of statins as a tool to inhibit γδ T cell pro-inflammatory activities; (2) Methods: we harvested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from COVID-19 patients with mild clinical manifestations, COVID-19 recovered patients, and healthy controls. We performed ex vivo flow cytometry analysis to study γδ T cell frequency, phenotype, and exhaustion status. PBMCs were treated with Atorvastatin followed by non-specific and specific stimulation, to evaluate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines; (3) Results: COVID-19 patients had a lower frequency of circulating Vδ2+ T lymphocytes but showed a pronounced pro-inflammatory profile, which was inhibited by in vitro treatment with statins; (4) Conclusions: the in vitro capacity of statins to inhibit Vδ2+ T lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients highlights a new potential biological function of these drugs and supports their therapeutical use in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Simone
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AUOP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Corsale
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AUOP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elena Lo Presti
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Scichilone
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, AUOP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Internal Medicine Department Unit, Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities Department (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmela Picone
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AUOP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Lydia Giannitrapani
- National Research Council (CNR), Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), 90146 Palermo, Italy
- Internal Medicine Department Unit, Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities Department (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Dieli
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AUOP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Serena Meraviglia
- Central Laboratory of Advanced Diagnosis and Biomedical Research (CLADIBIOR), AUOP Paolo Giaccone, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnosis (BIND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Wijaya A, Wang Y, Tang D, Zhong Y, Liu B, Yan M, Jiu Q, Wu W, Wang G. A study of lovastatin and L-arginine co-loaded PLGA nanomedicine for enhancing nitric oxide production and eNOS expression. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:607-624. [PMID: 34994373 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01455b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an exceptional endogenous biological gas that mediates and regulates physiological and pathological processes in the human body. However, its synthesis process is impaired during athero-progression and formation. Hence, a strategy to boost NO production and target endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is crucial and intriguing in atherosclerosis (AS) management. Herein, we prepare L-arginine (LA) and lovastatin (LV) co-loaded PLGA nanomedicine to achieve sustainable release for enhancing NO production. The utilization of LA reveals that LA has dual contributions, acting as a NO donor and enhancing the solubility of LV by stabilizing PLGA NPs. PLGA-LA/LV demonstrated its potential to boost NO in vitro and in vivo confirmed using DAF-FM DA, augment eNOS and p-eNOS mRNA and protein levels, and suppress the ki67 proliferation marker in VSMCs; in addition, it lowers the total cholesterol level of blood plasma in C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, PLGA can protect the compound delivered and enhance the bioavailability to reach and get released in the blood circulation after oral administration. Collectively, our results endow a safe and efficient nanomedicine outcome, specifically with potential for AS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wijaya
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Boyan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Meng Yan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Quhui Jiu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China.
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Amorim MA, Jentsch Matias de Oliveira JR, Souza Oliveira VH, Cabrini DA, Otuki MF, André E. Role of nitric oxide, bradykinin B 2 receptor, and TRPV1 in the airway alterations caused by simvastatin in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174591. [PMID: 34710369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dry cough has been reported in patients receiving statin therapy. However, the underlying mechanism or other possible alterations in the airways induced by statins remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether simvastatin promotes alterations in airways, such as bronchoconstriction and plasma extravasation, as well as the mechanism involved in these events. Using methods to detect alterations in airway resistance and plasma extravasation, we demonstrated that simvastatin [20 mg/kg, intravenous (i.v.)] caused plasma extravasation in the trachea (79.8 + 14.8 μg/g/tissue) and bronchi (73.3 + 8.8 μg/g/tissue) of rats, compared to the vehicle (34.2 + 3.6 μg/g/tissue and 29.3 + 5.3 μg/g/tissue, respectively). NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 30 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor, Icatibant [HOE 140, 10 nmol/50 μl, intratracheal (i.t.)], a bradykinin B2 antagonist, and capsazepine (100 nmol/50 μl, i.t.), a TRPV1 antagonist, attenuated simvastatin-induced plasma extravasation. Simvastatin (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) did not cause bronchoconstriction per se, but exacerbated the bronchoconstrictive response to bradykinin (30 nmol/kg, i.v.), a B2 agonist (0.7 + 0.1 ml/H2O), or capsaicin (30 nmol/kg, i.v.), a TRPV1 agonist (0.8 + 0.1 ml/H2O), compared to the vehicle (0.1 + 0.04 ml/H2O and 0.04 + 0.01 ml/H2O, respectively). The bronchoconstriction elicited by bradykinin (100 nmol/kg, i.v.) in simvastatin non-treated rats was inhibited by L-NAME. The exacerbation of bronchoconstriction induced by bradykinin or capsaicin in simvastatin-treated rats was inhibited by L-NAME, HOE 140 or capsazepine. These results suggest that treatment with simvastatin promotes the release of bradykinin, which, via B2 receptors, releases NO that can then activate the TRPV1 to promote plasma extravasation and bronchoconstriction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Eunice André
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil.
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6
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Off-Target Effect of Lovastatin Disrupts Dietary Lipid Uptake and Dissemination through Pro-Drug Inhibition of the Mesenteric Lymphatic Smooth Muscle Cell Contractile Apparatus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111756. [PMID: 34769187 PMCID: PMC8584239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously published, off-target effects of statins on skeletal smooth muscle function have linked structural characteristics within this drug class to myopathic effects. However, the effect of these drugs on lymphatic vascular smooth muscle cell function, and by proxy dietary cholesterol uptake, by the intestinal lymphatic network has not been investigated. Several of the most widely prescribed statins (Atorvastatin, Pravastatin, Lovastatin, and Simvastatin) were tested for their in-situ effects on smooth muscle contractility in rat mesenteric collecting lymphatic vessels. Lovastatin and Simvastatin had a concentration-dependent effect of initially increasing vessel contraction frequency before flatlining the vessel, a phenomenon which was found to be a lactone-ring dependent phenomenon and could be ameliorated through use of Lovastatin- or Simvastatin-hydroxyacid (HA). Simvastatin treatment further resulted in mitochondrial depolymerization within primary-isolated rat lymphatic smooth muscle cells (LMCs) while Lovastatin was found to be acting in a mitochondrial-independent manner, increasing the function of RhoKinase. Lovastatin’s effect on RhoKinase was investigated through pharmacological testing and in vitro analysis of increased MLC and MYPT1 phosphorylation within primary isolated LMCs. Finally, acute in vivo treatment of rats with Lovastatin, but not Lovastatin-HA, resulted in a significantly decreased dietary lipid absorption in vivo through induced disfunction of mesenteric lymph uptake and trafficking.
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7
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Zhang Q, Dong J, Yu Z. Pleiotropic use of Statins as non-lipid-lowering drugs. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2704-2711. [PMID: 33110390 PMCID: PMC7586431 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.42965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, known as HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) inhibitors, have primarily been utilized for metabolic and angiographic medical applications because of their cholesterol-lowering effects. Similar to other drugs, statins may also induce a series of potential side effects. Statins inhibit the HMGCR (rate-limiting enzyme) activity in early stages of mevalonate pathway and then indirectly affect a number of intermediate products, including non-sterol isoprenoids (coenzyme Q10, dolichol etc.), which can result in impaired functions of body organs. Recently, scores of studies have uncovered additional functional mechanisms of statins in other diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nervous system diseases, coronary heart disease, inflammation and cancers. This review aims to summarize the positive and adverse mechanisms of statin therapy. Statin care should be taken in the treatment of many diseases including cancers. Since the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated, future studies should spend more time and efforts on basic research to explore the mechanisms of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijia Zhang
- Digestive internal medicine and Department of infectious diseases, Zhuhai Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jianlong Dong
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Ze Yu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Zhao Y, Zhu J, Liang H, Yang S, Zhang Y, Han W, Chen C, Cao N, Aruhan, Liang P, Du X, Huang J, Wang J, Zhang Y, Yang B. Kang Le Xin Reduces Blood Pressure Through Inducing Endothelial-Dependent Vasodilation by Activating the AMPK-eNOS Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1548. [PMID: 32038237 PMCID: PMC6990110 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and cardiovascular events in clinic, which is accompanied by the abnormality of vascular tone and endothelial dysfunction of small artery. Here we report that Kang Le Xin (KLX), a novel anthraquinones compound, could reduce blood pressure and the underlying mechanisms involves that KLX induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation. KLX significantly decreases the arterial blood pressure of spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR), decreases the contractile reactivity of superior mesenteric artery to phenylephrine and increases the vasodilatory reactivity of superior mesenteric artery to carbachol in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, KLX reduces vascular tension of endothelium-intact mesenteric artery pre-constricted with phenylephrine in a dose-dependent manner, while this effect is inhibited by depriving vascular endothelium or pretreating vascular rings with L-NAME (endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) or compound C (AMP-activated protein kinase inhibitor). Moreover, KLX increases nitric oxide (NO) generation, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), AKT and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), while these effects are inhibited by pretreating cells with compound C. In conclusion, KLX is a new compound with the pharmacological action of reducing arterial blood pressure. The underlying mechanism involves KLX induces endothelium-dependent vasodilation through activating AMPK-AKT-eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiu Zhao
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiuxin Zhu
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hangfei Liang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weina Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Na Cao
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Aruhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Peiqiang Liang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Du
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- State-Province Key Labratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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9
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Pánczél Z, Kukor Z, Supák D, Kovács B, Kecskeméti A, Czizel R, Djurecz M, Alasztics B, Csomó KB, Hrabák A, Valent S. Pravastatin induces NO synthesis by enhancing microsomal arginine uptake in healthy and preeclamptic placentas. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2019; 19:426. [PMID: 31747921 PMCID: PMC6868828 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-019-2507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pravastatin, a known inducer of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) was demonstrated in human placenta, however the exact mechanism of it's action is not fully understood. Since placental NO (nitric oxide) synthesis is of primary importance in the regulation of placental blood flow, we aimed to clarify the effects of pravastatin on healthy (n = 6) and preeclamptic (n = 6) placentas (Caucasian participants). METHODS The eNOS activity of human placental microsomes was determined by the conversion rate of C14 L-arginine into C14 L-citrulline with or without pravastatin and Geldanamycin. Phosphorylation of eNOS (Ser1177) was investigated by Western blot. Microsomal arginine uptake was measured by a rapid filtration method. RESULTS Pravastatin significantly increased total eNOS activity in healthy (28%, p<0.05) and preeclamptic placentas (32%, p<0.05) using 1 mM Ca2+ promoting the dissociation of a eNOS from it's inhibitor caveolin. Pravastatin and Geldanamycin (Hsp90 inhibitor) cotreatment increased microsomal eNOS activity. Pravastatin treatment had no significant effects on Ser1177 phosphorylation of eNOS in either healthy or preeclamptic placentas. Pravastatin induced arginine uptake of placental microsomes in both healthy (38%, p < 0.05) and preeclamptic pregnancies (34%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study provides a novel mechanism of pravastatin action on placental NO metabolism. Pravastatin induces the placental microsomal arginine uptake leading to the rapid activation of eNOS independently of Ser1177 phosphorylation. These new findings may contribute to better understanding of preeclampsia and may also have a clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Pánczél
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/A, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kukor
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary.
| | - Dorina Supák
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/A, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Bence Kovács
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/A, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - András Kecskeméti
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/A, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Rita Czizel
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Djurecz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Bálint Alasztics
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/A, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.,Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Benedek Csomó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - András Hrabák
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, Budapest, 1094, Hungary
| | - Sándor Valent
- 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/A, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
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10
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Carillion A, Feldman S, Na N, Biais M, Carpentier W, Birenbaum A, Cagnard N, Loyer X, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Hatem S, Riou B, Amour J. Atorvastatin reduces β-Adrenergic dysfunction in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180103. [PMID: 28727746 PMCID: PMC5519044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the diabetic heart the β-adrenergic response is altered partly by down-regulation of the β1-adrenoceptor, reducing its positive inotropic effect and up-regulation of the β3-adrenoceptor, increasing its negative inotropic effect. Statins have clinical benefits on morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients which are attributed to their “pleiotropic” effects. The objective of our study was to investigate the role of statin treatment on β-adrenergic dysfunction in diabetic rat cardiomyocytes. Methods β-adrenergic responses were investigated in vivo (echocardiography) and ex vivo (left ventricular papillary muscles) in healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, who were pre-treated or not by oral atorvastatin over 15 days (50 mg.kg-1.day-1). Micro-array analysis and immunoblotting were performed in left ventricular homogenates. Data are presented as mean percentage of baseline ± SD. Results Atorvastatin restored the impaired positive inotropic effect of β-adrenergic stimulation in diabetic hearts compared with healthy hearts both in vivo and ex vivo but did not suppress the diastolic dysfunction of diabetes. Atorvastatin changed the RNA expression of 9 genes in the β-adrenergic pathway and corrected the protein expression of β1-adrenoceptor and β1/β3-adrenoceptor ratio, and multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition abolished the beneficial effects of atorvastatin on the β-adrenoceptor response. Conclusions Atorvastatin restored the positive inotropic effect of the β-adrenoceptor stimulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy. This effect is mediated by multiple modifications in expression of proteins in the β-adrenergic signaling pathway, particularly through the NOS pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Carillion
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Sarah Feldman
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Na Na
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Biais
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Hôpital Pellegrin, Bordeaux, France
| | - Wassila Carpentier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Post-Genomic Platform, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Birenbaum
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Cagnard
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Descartes, Bioinformatics Platform, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Loyer
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Paris Descartes, UMRS INSERM U970, Cardiovascular Research center, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Descartes University, CNRS UMR8258—INSERM U1022, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Metabolic Biochemistry, La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix University Hospital (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Hatem
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Bruno Riou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Julien Amour
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR INSERM 1166, IHU ICAN, and Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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11
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Vanhoutte PM, Zhao Y, Xu A, Leung SWS. Thirty Years of Saying NO: Sources, Fate, Actions, and Misfortunes of the Endothelium-Derived Vasodilator Mediator. Circ Res 2017; 119:375-96. [PMID: 27390338 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.306531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells control vascular tone by releasing nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase. The activity of endothelial NO synthase is modulated by the calcium concentration and by post-translational modifications (eg, phosphorylation). When NO reaches vascular smooth muscle, soluble guanylyl cyclase is its primary target producing cGMP. NO production is stimulated by circulating substances (eg, catecholamines), platelet products (eg, serotonin), autacoids formed in (eg, bradykinin) or near (eg, adiponectin) the vascular wall and physical factors (eg, shear stress). NO dysfunction can be caused, alone or in combination, by abnormal coupling of endothelial cell membrane receptors, insufficient supply of substrate (l-arginine) or cofactors (tetrahydrobiopterin), endogenous inhibitors (asymmetrical dimethyl arginine), reduced expression/presence/dimerization of endothelial NO synthase, inhibition of its enzymatic activity, accelerated disposition of NO by reactive oxygen species and abnormal responses (eg, biased soluble guanylyl cyclase activity producing cyclic inosine monophosphate) of the vascular smooth muscle. Major culprits causing endothelial dysfunction, irrespective of the underlying pathological process (aging, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension), include stimulation of mineralocorticoid receptors, activation of endothelial Rho-kinase, augmented presence of asymmetrical dimethyl arginine, and exaggerated oxidative stress. Genetic and pharmacological interventions improve dysfunctional NO-mediated vasodilatations if protecting the supply of substrate and cofactors for endothelial NO synthase, preserving the presence and activity of the enzyme and reducing reactive oxygen species generation. Common achievers of such improvement include maintained levels of estrogens and increased production of adiponectin and induction of silent mating-type information regulation 2 homologue 1. Obviously, endothelium-dependent relaxations are not the only beneficial action of NO in the vascular wall. Thus, reduced NO-mediated responses precede and initiate the atherosclerotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Vanhoutte
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), and Department of Medicine (A.X.), Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yingzi Zhao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), and Department of Medicine (A.X.), Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), and Department of Medicine (A.X.), Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Susan W S Leung
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (P.M.V., Y.Z., A.X., S.W.S.L.), and Department of Medicine (A.X.), Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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12
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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13
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Cahill PA, Redmond EM. Vascular endothelium - Gatekeeper of vessel health. Atherosclerosis 2016; 248:97-109. [PMID: 26994427 PMCID: PMC6478391 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is an interface between the blood stream and the vessel wall. Changes in this single cell layer of the artery wall are believed of primary importance in the pathogenesis of vascular disease/atherosclerosis. The endothelium responds to humoral, neural and especially hemodynamic stimuli and regulates platelet function, inflammatory responses, vascular smooth muscle cell growth and migration, in addition to modulating vascular tone by synthesizing and releasing vasoactive substances. Compromised endothelial function contributes to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease; endothelial 'dysfunction' is associated with risk factors, correlates with disease progression, and predicts cardiovascular events. Therapies for atherosclerosis have been developed, therefore, that are directed towards improving endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Cahill
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen M Redmond
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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14
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Kuo KK, Wu BN, Liu CP, Yang TY, Kao LP, Wu JR, Lai WT, Chen IJ. Xanthine-based KMUP-1 improves HDL via PPARγ/SR-B1, LDL via LDLRs, and HSL via PKA/PKG for hepatic fat loss. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:2070-84. [PMID: 26351364 PMCID: PMC4617394 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m057547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDEI)/eNOS enhancer KMUP-1, targeting G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), improves dyslipidemia. We compared its lipid-lowering effects with simvastatin and explored hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) translocation in hepatic fat loss. KMUP-1 HCl (1, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg/day) and simvastatin (5 mg/kg/day) were administered in C57BL/6J male mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) by gavage for 8 weeks. KMUP-1 inhibited HFD-induced plasma/liver TG, total cholesterol, and LDL; increased HDL/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR)/Rho kinase II (ROCK II)/PPARγ/ABCA1; and decreased liver and body weight. KMUP-1 HCl in drinking water (2.5 mg/200 ml tap water) for 1–14 or 8–14 weeks decreased HFD-induced liver and body weight and scavenger receptor class B type I expression and increased protein kinase A (PKA)/PKG/LDLRs/HSL expression and immunoreactivity. In HepG2 cells incubated with serum or exogenous mevalonate, KMUP-1 (10−7∼10−5 M) reversed HMGR expression by feedback regulation, colocalized expression of ABCA1/apolipoprotein A-I/LXRα/PPARγ, and reduced exogenous geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate/farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP)-induced RhoA/ROCK II expression. A guanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) antagonist reversed KMUP-1-induced ROCK II reduction, indicating cGMP/eNOS involvement. KMUP-1 inceased PKG and LDLRs surrounded by LDL and restored oxidized LDL-induced PKA expresion. Unlike simvastatin, KMUP-1 could not inhibit 14C mevalonate formation. KMUP-1 could, but simvastatin could not, decrease ROCK II expression by exogenous FPP/CGPP. KMUP-1 improves HDL via PPARγ/LXRα/ABCA1/Apo-I expression and increases LDLRs/PKA/PKG/HSL expression and immunoreactivity, leading to TG hydrolysis to lower hepatic fat and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kung-Kai Kuo
- Division of Hepatobiliopancreatic Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Chung-Pin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Yuan's General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Li-Pin Kao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
| | - Jiunn-Ren Wu
- Department of Pedatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine
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15
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Chronic β1-adrenergic blockade enhances myocardial β3-adrenergic coupling with nitric oxide-cGMP signaling in a canine model of chronic volume overload: new insight into mechanisms of cardiac benefit with selective β1-blocker therapy. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 110:456. [PMID: 25480109 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The β1-adrenergic antagonist metoprolol improves cardiac function in animals and patients with chronic heart failure, isolated mitral regurgitation (MR), and ischemic heart disease, though the molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Metoprolol has been reported to upregulate cardiac expression of β3-adrenergic receptors (β3AR) in animal models. Myocardial β3AR signaling via neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation has recently emerged as a cardioprotective pathway. We tested whether chronic β1-adrenergic blockade with metoprolol enhances myocardial β3AR coupling with nitric oxide-stimulated cyclic guanosine monophosphate (β3AR/NO-cGMP) signaling in the MR-induced, volume-overloaded heart. We compared the expression, distribution, and inducible activation of β3AR/NO-cGMP signaling proteins within myocardial membrane microdomains in dogs (canines) with surgically induced MR, those also treated with metoprolol succinate (MR+βB), and unoperated controls. β3AR mRNA transcripts, normalized to housekeeping gene RPLP1, increased 4.4 × 10(3)- and 3.2 × 10(2)-fold in MR and MR+βB hearts, respectively, compared to Control. Cardiac β3AR expression was increased 1.4- and nearly twofold in MR and MR+βB, respectively, compared to Control. β3AR was detected within caveolae-enriched lipid rafts (Cav3(+)LR) and heavy density, non-lipid raft membrane (NLR) across all groups. However, in vitro selective β3AR stimulation with BRL37344 (BRL) triggered cGMP production within only NLR of MR+βB. BRL induced Ser (1412) phosphorylation of nNOS within NLR of MR+βB, but not Control or MR, consistent with detection of NLR-specific β3AR/NO-cGMP coupling. Treatment with metoprolol prevented MR-associated oxidation of NO biosensor soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) within NLR. Metoprolol therapy also prevented MR-induced relocalization of sGCβ1 subunit away from caveolae, suggesting preserved NO-sGC-cGMP signaling, albeit without coupling to β3AR, within MR+βB caveolae. Chronic β1-blockade is associated with myocardial β3AR/NO-cGMP coupling in a microdomain-specific fashion. Our canine study suggests that microdomain-targeted enhancement of myocardial β3AR/NO-cGMP signaling may explain, in part, β1-adrenergic antagonist-mediated preservation of cardiac function in the volume-overloaded heart.
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Xilifu D, Abudula A, Rehemu N, Zhao L, Zhou X, Zhang X. Effect of rosuvastatin on hyperuricemic rats and the protective effect on endothelial dysfunction. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:1683-1688. [PMID: 25371715 PMCID: PMC4218693 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular diseases, renal injuries and hypertension induced by hyperuricemia. Therapies targeting uric acid (UA) may be beneficial in cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, the effect of rosuvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, was investigated to determine whether rosuvastatin improves endothelial dysfunction via the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) pathway and delays the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in hyperuricemic rats. A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats (age, 8 weeks) were randomly divided into six groups (12 rats per group), including the control, model, 2.5 mg/kg/day rosuvastatin, 5 mg/kg/day rosuvastatin, 10 mg/kg/day rosuvastatin and 53.57 mg/kg/day allopurinol groups. The model, rosuvastatin and allopurinol rats were subjected to hyperuricemia, induced by the administration of yeast extract powder (21 g/kg/day) and oxonic acid potassium salt (200 mg/kg/day). The hyperuricemic rats were treated with 2.5, 5.0 or 10.0 mg/kg/day rosuvastatin orally for six weeks, while rats treated with allopurinol (53.57 mg/kg/day) were used as a positive control. The serum levels of NO and the gene expression levels of endothelial NO synthase in the aortic tissue increased, whereas the serum levels of UA, endothelin-1 and angiotensin II decreased in the hyperuricemic rats treated with rosuvastatin, particularly at a high rosuvastatin dose (10 mg/kg/day). In addition, the curative effect of the 10 mg/kg/day rosuvastatin group was evidently higher compared with the allopurinol group. Therefore, rosuvastatin may be a novel drug candidate for the treatment of hyperuricemia due to its endothelial protective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilidaer Xilifu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Abulizi Abudula
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Nijiati Rehemu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, Xinjiang 830011, P.R. China
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Chen Z, Martin M, Li Z, Shyy JYJ. Endothelial dysfunction: the role of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-induced NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 3 inflammasome in atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 2014; 25:339-49. [PMID: 25188917 PMCID: PMC4339278 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Great effort has been devoted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which inflammasome in macrophages contributes to atherosclerosis. Inflammasome in vascular endothelial cells and its causal relationship with endothelial dysfunction in atherosclerosis are less understood. Here, we review the recent studies of inflammasome and its activation in endothelial cells, and highlight such endothelial inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. RECENT FINDINGS Inflammasomes are critical effectors in innate immunity, and their activation in macrophages and the arterial wall contributes to atherogenesis. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2, a master regulator in cholesterol biosynthesis, can be activated in a noncanonical manner, which leads to the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein inflammasome in macrophages and endothelial cells. Results from in-vitro and in-vivo models suggest that sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 is a key molecule in aggravating proinflammatory responses in endothelial cells and promoting atherosclerosis. SUMMARY The SREBP-induced NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein inflammasome and its instigation of innate immunity is an important contributor to atherosclerosis. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms will expand our understanding of endothelial dysfunction and its dynamic interaction with vascular inflammation. Furthermore, targeting SREBP-inflammasome pathways can be a therapeutic strategy for attenuating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Marcy Martin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521
| | - Zhao Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PRC
| | - John Y-J. Shyy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Medical School, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PRC
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Tran-Dinh A, Diallo D, Delbosc S, Varela-Perez LM, Dang QB, Lapergue B, Burillo E, Michel JB, Levoye A, Martin-Ventura JL, Meilhac O. HDL and endothelial protection. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:493-511. [PMID: 23488589 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) represent a family of particles characterized by the presence of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and by their ability to transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver. In addition to this function, HDLs display pleiotropic effects including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic or anti-proteolytic properties that account for their protective action on endothelial cells. Vasodilatation via production of nitric oxide is also a hallmark of HDL action on endothelial cells. Endothelial cells express receptors for apoA-I and HDLs that mediate intracellular signalling and potentially participate in the internalization of these particles. In this review, we will detail the different effects of HDLs on the endothelium in normal and pathological conditions with a particular focus on the potential use of HDL therapy to restore endothelial function and integrity.
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19
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Valacchi G, Belmonte G, Miracco C, Eo H, Lim Y. Effect of combined mulberry leaf and fruit extract on liver and skin cholesterol transporters in high fat diet-induced obese mice. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 8:20-6. [PMID: 24611101 PMCID: PMC3944151 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2014.8.1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease characterized by an increased inflammatory state and chronic oxidative stress with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipid peroxidation. Moreover, obesity alters cholesterol metabolism with increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols and triglycerides and decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterols. It has been shown that mulberry leaf and fruit ameliorated hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions in obese and diabetic subjects. We hypothesized that supplementation with mulberry leaf combined with mulberry fruit (MLFE) ameliorate cholesterol transfer proteins accompanied by reduction of oxidative stress in the high fat diet induced obesity. Mice were fed control diet (CON) or high fat diet (HF) for 9 weeks. After obesity was induced, the mice were administered either the HF or the HF with combination of equal amount of mulberry leaf and fruit extract (MLFE) at 500mg/kg/day by gavage for 12 weeks. MLFE treatment ameliorated HF induced oxidative stress demonstrated by 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and modulated the expression of 2 key proteins involved in cholesterol transfer such as scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in the HF treated animals. This effect was mainly noted in liver tissue rather than in cutaneous tissue. Collectively, this study demonstrated that MLFE treatment has beneficial effects on the modulation of high fat diet-induced oxidative stress and on the regulation of cholesterol transporters. These results suggest that MLFE might be a beneficial substance for conventional therapies to treat obesity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Valacchi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. ; Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Giuseppe Belmonte
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Clelia Miracco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Neuroscienze, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Hyeyoon Eo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
| | - Yunsook Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyunghee-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Korea
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20
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Li Y, Wang Q, Zhou J, Xu Q, Chu X, Sun T, Liu X, Cai S. Rosuvastatin attenuates atherosclerosis in rats via activation of scavenger receptor class B type I. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 723:23-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Arita S, Arita N, Hikasa Y. Effect of pravastatin on echocardiographic circulation parameters in dogs. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:481-9. [PMID: 24317157 PMCID: PMC4064130 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of pravastatin (PS) on
hemodynamic parameters in healthy dogs. Five beagle dogs were repeatedly used in each of
the 4 groups. One group was not medicated (control). Dogs in other groups received 0.5,
1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg PS orally q24hr, for 4 weeks. Physical examination, blood biochemical
tests, blood pressure measurements and Doppler echocardiography were performed before and
1, 2 and 4 weeks after PS administration in all dogs. PS significantly reduced the left
atrial-to-aortic diameter ratio (LA/Ao), early diastolic transmitral flow (E) wave,
E/early diastolic mitral annulus motion velocity (Em) ratio, left ventricular (LV)
fractional shortening, LV ejection fraction, mid systolic myocardial velocity gradient,
stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), right and left ventricular Tei indices and
elevated Em and early diastolic myocardial velocity gradient. Heart rate was not
significantly altered during PS administration, but mean blood pressure decreased
slightly. The hematological and blood biochemical values were within normal limits during
PS administration. These results revealed that PS administration increases LV expansion
capacity and decreases LV constriction and left atrial pressure. It has been suggested
that PS may be effective in improving heart failures with LV diastolic dysfunction or
elevated left atrial pressure in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Arita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Joint Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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Saluveer O, Bergh N, Grote L, Andersson O, Hrafnkelsdóttir TJ, Widgren BR. Acute vascular effects of atorvastatin in hypertensive men: a pilot study. SCAND CARDIOVASC J 2013; 47:275-80. [DOI: 10.3109/14017431.2013.821204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Regulation of cardiac nitric oxide signaling by nuclear β-adrenergic and endothelin receptors. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 62:58-68. [PMID: 23684854 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
At the cell surface, βARs and endothelin receptors can regulate nitric oxide (NO) production. β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) and type B endothelin receptors (ETB) are present in cardiac nuclear membranes and regulate transcription. The present study investigated the role of the NO pathway in the regulation of gene transcription by these nuclear G protein-coupled receptors. Nitric oxide production and transcription initiation were measured in nuclei isolated from the adult rat heart. The cell-permeable fluorescent dye 4,5-diaminofluorescein diacetate (DAF2 DA) was used to provide a direct assessment of nitric oxide release. Both isoproterenol and endothelin increased NO production in isolated nuclei. Furthermore, a β3AR-selective agonist, BRL 37344, increased NO synthesis whereas the β1AR-selective agonist xamoterol did not. Isoproterenol increased, whereas ET-1 reduced, de novo transcription. The NO synthase inhibitor l-NAME prevented isoproterenol from increasing either NO production or de novo transcription. l-NAME also blocked ET-1-induced NO-production but did not alter the suppression of transcription initiation by ET-1. Inhibition of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) using KT5823 also blocked the ability of isoproterenol to increase transcription initiation. Furthermore, immunoblotting revealed eNOS, but not nNOS, in isolated nuclei. Finally, caged, cell-permeable isoproterenol and endothelin-1 analogs were used to selectively activate intracellular β-adrenergic and endothelin receptors in intact adult cardiomyocytes. Intracellular release of caged ET-1 or isoproterenol analogs increased NO production in intact adult cardiomyocytes. Hence, activation of the NO synthase/guanylyl cyclase/PKG pathway is necessary for nuclear β3ARs to increase de novo transcription. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the potential utility of caged receptor ligands in selectively modulating signaling via endogenous intracellular G protein-coupled receptors.
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Abstract
Niacin, or water-soluble vitamin B(3), when given at pharmacologic doses, is a powerful lipid-altering agent. This drug, which lowers the levels of atherogenic, apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoproteins, is one of few medications that can raise the levels of atheroprotective HDL cholesterol. Niacin also has beneficial effects on other cardiovascular risk factors, including lipoprotein(a), C-reactive protein, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 and fibrinogen. Many clinical trials have confirmed the lipid effects of niacin treatment; however, its effects on cardiovascular outcomes have been called into question owing to the AIM-HIGH trial, which showed no benefit of niacin therapy on cardiovascular endpoints. Furthermore, use of niacin has historically been limited by tolerability issues. In addition to flushing, worsened hyperglycaemia among patients with diabetes mellitus has also been a concern with niacin therapy. This article reviews the utility of niacin including its mechanism of action, clinical trial data regarding cardiovascular outcomes, adverse effect profile and strategies to address these effects and improve compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Creider
- Robarts Research Institute and Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Western Ontario, 100 Perth Drive, N6A 5K8 London, Ontario, Canada
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Mose FH, Larsen T, Bech JN, Pedersen EB. Effects of atorvastatin on systemic and renal nitric oxide in healthy man. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012; 35:148-57. [PMID: 22784101 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2012.702835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Statin treatment improves endothelial function but the effects of statins on renal nitric oxide have not been clarified. In this crossover study, 26 healthy subjects received atorvastatin 80 mg per day or placebo for 5 days. After 5 days of treatment, L-N(G)-monomethyl arginine caused a similar increase in blood pressure and decrease in urine output and glomerular filtration rate. The decrease in fractional excretion of sodium to L-N(G)-monomethyl arginine was more pronounced after atorvastatin treatment. Atorvastatin did not change the response to several vasoactive hormones. The results indicate that atorvastatin increase renal nitric oxide, which may explain a part of the pleiotropic effects of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Holden Mose
- Department of Medical Research, Holstebro Hospital, Holstebro, Denmark.
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Uhiara CO, Alexander SPH, Roberts RE. Simvastatin evokes an unpredicted inhibition of β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation in porcine coronary artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 690:158-63. [PMID: 22796645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, are widely used as cholesterol-lowering agents in the treatment of dyslipidemias. Statins have also been reported to have pleiotropic effects, independent of their effects on cholesterol synthesis, possibly through inhibition of the monomeric G proteins Ras and Rho, which are able to signal through ERK and Rho kinase activities, respectively. We have previously demonstrated that inhibition of ERK activation enhances β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation in the porcine isolated coronary artery. As statins can also inhibit ERK activation, the initial aim of this study was to determine whether statins have a similar influence on β-adrenoceptor-evoked vasodilatation. Segments of porcine distal coronary artery were mounted in a Mulvany wire myograph and bathed in Krebs-Henseleit buffer gassed with 95% O(2)/5% CO(2) and maintained at 37 °C. Tissues were pre-contracted with the thromboxane mimetic U46619 prior to cumulative concentration-response curves to the β-adrenoceptor agonist salbutamol in the absence or presence of simvastatin (1, 5 or 10 μM), pravastatin (10 μM), or lovastatin (10 μM). Simvastatin inhibited the salbutamol-induced relaxation of the coronary artery. Similar effects were seen with lovastatin, but not pravastatin or the sodium salt of simvastatin. Simvastatin, but not pravastatin also inhibited the relaxations to the Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channel opener NS1619 and the K(ATP) channel opener pinacidil. Unexpectedly, these data indicate that, rather than enhancing β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasodilatation, lipophilic statins impair these responses. This is likely to be due to effects on K(+) channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuemeka O Uhiara
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
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27
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Andreadou I, Farmakis D, Prokovas E, Sigala F, Zoga A, Spyridaki K, Papalois A, Papapetropoulos A, Anastasiou-Nana M, Kremastinos DT, Iliodromitis EK. Short-term statin administration in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits resistant to postconditioning: effects on infarct size, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and nitro-oxidative stress. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:501-9. [PMID: 22411971 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The effectiveness of postconditioning (POC) in hypercholesterolaemia is in dispute. We investigated the effects of 3-day lipophilc (simvastatin) or hydrophilic (pravastatin) statin treatment, without or with POC in normocholesterolaemic (Norm) and hypercholesterolaemic (Chol) rabbits. METHODS AND RESULTS Norm or Chol rabbits were subjected to 30 min ischaemia and randomized in two series of 12 groups each: control, simvastatin (Sim), pravastatin (Prav), POC, Sim-POC, Prav-POC, Chol, Sim-Chol, Prav-Chol, POC-Chol, Sim-POC-Chol, Prav-POC-Chol. After ischaemia, rabbits of the first series underwent 3 h reperfusion, followed by infarct size, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein plasma level evaluation; animals of the second series underwent 10 min reperfusion followed by tissue sampling for nitrotyrosine (NT), malondialdehyde, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and Akt analyses. N-nitro-l-arginine methylester (L-NAME) was given in two additional groups (POC-L-NAME and Prav-Chol-L-NAME) for infarct size assessment. All interventions reduced infarction in Norm (24.3 ± 1.3, 25.9 ± 2.8, 27.9 ± 3.1, 23.3 ± 2.3, and 33.4 ± 2.5%, in POC, Sim, Prav, Sim-POC, and Prav-POC groups, respectively, vs. 49.3 ± 1.9% in control, P < 0.05), but only Prav did so in Chol animals (25.7 ± 3.3 and 25.3 ± 3.9% in Prav-Chol and Prav-POC-Chol vs. 50.9 ± 1.7, 44.8 ± 4.3, 41.5 ± 3.5, and 49.3 ± 5.5% in Chol, Sim-Chol, POC-Chol, and Sim-POC-Chol, respectively, P < 0.05). L-NAME abolished the infarct size-limiting effect of POC and Prav-Chol. Prav induced the greatest reduction in NT, while it was the only intervention that increased myocardial eNOS and Akt in Chol rabbits (P < 0.05 vs. all others). CONCLUSION Prav, in contrast to same-dose Sim or POC, reduces infarction in Chol rabbits independently of lipid lowering, potentially through eNOS activation and nitro-oxidative stress attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Andreadou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Athens School of Pharmacy, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, Athens 15771, Greece.
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Balakumar P, Kathuria S, Taneja G, Kalra S, Mahadevan N. Is targeting eNOS a key mechanistic insight of cardiovascular defensive potentials of statins? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2012; 52:83-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Srivastava K, Bath PMW, Bayraktutan U. Current therapeutic strategies to mitigate the eNOS dysfunction in ischaemic stroke. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:319-36. [PMID: 22198555 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity is implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction in many diseases including ischaemic stroke. The modulation of eNOS during and/or following ischaemic injury often represents a futile compensatory mechanism due to a significant decrease in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability coupled with dramatic increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species that further neutralise NO. However, applications of a number of therapeutic agents alone or in combination have been shown to augment eNOS activity under a variety of pathological conditions by potentiating the expression and/or activity of Akt/eNOS/NO pathway components. The list of these therapeutic agents include NO donors, statins, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitors, aspirin, dipyridamole and ellagic acid. While most of these compounds exhibit anti-platelet properties and are able to up-regulate eNOS expression in endothelial cells and platelets, others suppress eNOS uncoupling and tetrahydrobiopterin (an eNOS stabiliser) oxidation. As the number of therapeutic molecules that modulate the expression and activity of eNOS increases, further detailed research is required to reveal their mode of action in preventing and/or reversing the endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtiman Srivastava
- Division of Stroke, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital Campus, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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