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Ragusa R, Caselli C. Focus on cardiac troponin complex: From gene expression to cardiomyopathy. Genes Dis 2024; 11:101263. [PMID: 39211905 PMCID: PMC11357864 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2024.101263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The cardiac troponin complex (cTn) is a regulatory component of sarcomere. cTn consists of three subunits: cardiac troponin C (cTnC), which confers Ca2+ sensitivity to muscle; cTnI, which inhibits the interaction of cross-bridge of myosin with thin filament during diastole; and cTnT, which has multiple roles in sarcomere, such as promoting the link between the cTnI-cTnC complex and tropomyosin within the thin filament and influencing Ca2+ sensitivity of cTn and force development during contraction. Conditions that interfere with interactions within cTn and/or other thin filament proteins can be key factors in the regulation of cardiac contraction. These conditions include alterations in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, direct changes in cTn function, and triggering downstream events that lead to adverse cardiac remodeling and impairment of heart function. This review describes gene expression and post-translational modifications of cTn as well as the conditions that can adversely affect the delicate balance among the components of cTn, thereby promoting contractile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosetta Ragusa
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Chiara Caselli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, via Moruzzi 1, Pisa 56124, Italy
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2
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Oh JW, Muthu M, Pushparaj SSC, Gopal J. Anticancer Therapeutic Effects of Green Tea Catechins (GTCs) When Integrated with Antioxidant Natural Components. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052151. [PMID: 36903395 PMCID: PMC10004647 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
After decades of research and development concerning cancer treatment, cancer is still at large and very much a threat to the global human population. Cancer remedies have been sought from all possible directions, including chemicals, irradiation, nanomaterials, natural compounds, and the like. In this current review, we surveyed the milestones achieved by green tea catechins and what has been accomplished in cancer therapy. Specifically, we have assessed the synergistic anticarcinogenic effects when green tea catechins (GTCs) are combined with other antioxidant-rich natural compounds. Living in an age of inadequacies, combinatorial approaches are gaining momentum, and GTCs have progressed much, yet there are insufficiencies that can be improvised when combined with natural antioxidant compounds. This review highlights that there are not many reports in this specific area and encourages and recommends research attention in this direction. The antioxidant/prooxidant mechanisms of GTCs have also been highlighted. The current scenario and the future of such combinatorial approaches have been addressed, and the lacunae in this aspect have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Manikandan Muthu
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Suraj Shiv Charan Pushparaj
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Judy Gopal
- Department of Research and Innovation, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-44-66726677; Fax: +91-44-2681-1009
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Marston S, Pinto JR. Suppression of lusitropy as a disease mechanism in cardiomyopathies. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1080965. [PMID: 36698941 PMCID: PMC9870330 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In cardiac muscle the action of adrenaline on β1 receptors of heart muscle cells is essential to adjust cardiac output to the body's needs. Adrenergic activation leads to enhanced contractility (inotropy), faster heart rate (chronotropy) and faster relaxation (lusitropy), mainly through activation of protein kinase A (PKA). Efficient enhancement of heart output under stress requires all of these responses to work together. Lusitropy is essential for shortening the heartbeat when heart rate increases. It therefore follows that, if the lusitropic response is not present, heart function under stress will be compromised. Current literature suggests that lusitropy is primarily achieved due to PKA phosphorylation of troponin I (TnI) and phospholamban (PLB). It has been well documented that PKA-induced phosphorylation of TnI releases Ca2+ from troponin C faster and increases the rate of cardiac muscle relaxation, while phosphorylation of PLB increases SERCA activity, speeding up Ca2+ removal from the cytoplasm. In this review we consider the current scientific evidences for the connection between suppression of lusitropy and cardiac dysfunction in the context of mutations in phospholamban and thin filament proteins that are associated with cardiomyopathies. We will discuss what advances have been made into understanding the physiological mechanism of lusitropy due to TnI and PLB phosphorylation and its suppression by mutations and we will evaluate the evidence whether lack of lusitropy is sufficient to cause cardiomyopathy, and under what circumstances, and consider the range of pathologies associated with loss of lusitropy. Finally, we will discuss whether suppressed lusitropy due to mutations in thin filament proteins can be therapeutically restored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Marston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Renato Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Chen B, Zhang W, Lin C, Zhang L. A Comprehensive Review on Beneficial Effects of Catechins on Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911569. [PMID: 36232871 PMCID: PMC9569714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the main sites for oxidative phosphorylation and synthesis of adenosine triphosphate in cells, and are known as cellular power factories. The phrase "secondary mitochondrial diseases" essentially refers to any abnormal mitochondrial function other than primary mitochondrial diseases, i.e., the process caused by the genes encoding the electron transport chain (ETC) proteins directly or impacting the production of the machinery needed for ETC. Mitochondrial diseases can cause adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis disorder, an increase in oxygen free radicals, and intracellular redox imbalance. It can also induce apoptosis and, eventually, multi-system damage, which leads to neurodegenerative disease. The catechin compounds rich in tea have attracted much attention due to their effective antioxidant activity. Catechins, especially acetylated catechins such as epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), are able to protect mitochondria from reactive oxygen species. This review focuses on the role of catechins in regulating cell homeostasis, in which catechins act as a free radical scavenger and metal ion chelator, their protective mechanism on mitochondria, and the protective effect of catechins on mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This review highlights catechins and their effects on mitochondrial functional metabolic networks: regulating mitochondrial function and biogenesis, improving insulin resistance, regulating intracellular calcium homeostasis, and regulating epigenetic processes. Finally, the indirect beneficial effects of catechins on mitochondrial diseases are also illustrated by the warburg and the apoptosis effect. Some possible mechanisms are shown graphically. In addition, the bioavailability of catechins and peracetylated-catechins, free radical scavenging activity, mitochondrial activation ability of the high-molecular-weight polyphenol, and the mitochondrial activation factor were also discussed.
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Farhan M. Green Tea Catechins: Nature’s Way of Preventing and Treating Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810713. [PMID: 36142616 PMCID: PMC9501439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea’s (Camellia sinensis) anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects are well-known. Catechins are the most effective antioxidants among the physiologically active compounds found in Camellia sinesis. Recent research demonstrates that the number of hydroxyl groups and the presence of specific structural groups have a substantial impact on the antioxidant activity of catechins. Unfermented green tea is the finest source of these chemicals. Catechins have the ability to effectively neutralize reactive oxygen species. The catechin derivatives of green tea include epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). EGCG has the greatest anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential. Notably, catechins in green tea have been explored for their ability to prevent a variety of cancers. Literature evidence, based on epidemiological and laboratory studies, indicates that green tea catechins have certain properties that can serve as the basis for their consideration as lead molecules in the synthesis of novel anticancer drugs and for further exploration of their role as pharmacologically active natural adjuvants to standard chemotherapeutics. The various sections of the article will focus on how catechins affect the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumors by modulating cellular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Farhan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Preparatory Year Deanship, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Tamargo J, Tamargo M, Caballero R. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an up-to-date snapshot of the clinical drug development pipeline. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2022; 31:1027-1052. [PMID: 36062808 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2022.2113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex cardiac disease with highly variable phenotypic expression and clinical course most often caused by sarcomeric gene mutations resulting in left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, hypercontractility, and diastolic dysfunction. For almost 60 years, HCM has remained an orphan disease and still lacks a disease-specific treatment. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes recent preclinical and clinical trials with repurposed drugs and new emerging pharmacological and gene-based therapies for the treatment of HCM. EXPERT OPINION The off-label drugs routinely used alleviate symptoms but do not target the core pathophysiology of HCM or prevent or revert the phenotype. Recent advances in the genetics and pathophysiology of HCM led to the development of cardiac myosin adenosine triphosphatase inhibitors specifically directed to counteract the hypercontractility associated with HCM-causing mutations. Mavacamten, the first drug specifically developed for HCM successfully tested in a phase 3 trial, represents the major advance for the treatment of HCM. This opens new horizons for the development of novel drugs targeting HCM molecular substrates which hopefully modify the natural history of the disease. The role of current drugs in development and genetic-based approaches for the treatment of HCM are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Tamargo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, Doctor Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Lewalle A, Campbell KS, Campbell SG, Milburn GN, Niederer SA. Functional and structural differences between skinned and intact muscle preparations. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:e202112990. [PMID: 35045156 PMCID: PMC8929306 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofilaments and their associated proteins, which together constitute the sarcomeres, provide the molecular-level basis for contractile function in all muscle types. In intact muscle, sarcomere-level contraction is strongly coupled to other cellular subsystems, in particular the sarcolemmal membrane. Skinned muscle preparations (where the sarcolemma has been removed or permeabilized) are an experimental system designed to probe contractile mechanisms independently of the sarcolemma. Over the last few decades, experiments performed using permeabilized preparations have been invaluable for clarifying the understanding of contractile mechanisms in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Today, the technique is increasingly harnessed for preclinical and/or pharmacological studies that seek to understand how interventions will impact intact muscle contraction. In this context, intrinsic functional and structural differences between skinned and intact muscle pose a major interpretational challenge. This review first surveys measurements that highlight these differences in terms of the sarcomere structure, passive and active tension generation, and calcium dependence. We then highlight the main practical challenges and caveats faced by experimentalists seeking to emulate the physiological conditions of intact muscle. Gaining an awareness of these complexities is essential for putting experiments in due perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Lewalle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth S. Campbell
- Department of Physiology and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Stuart G. Campbell
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - Gregory N. Milburn
- Department of Physiology and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Steven A. Niederer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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Hassoun R, Budde H, Mügge A, Hamdani N. Cardiomyocyte Dysfunction in Inherited Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11154. [PMID: 34681814 PMCID: PMC8541428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited cardiomyopathies form a heterogenous group of disorders that affect the structure and function of the heart. Defects in the genes encoding sarcomeric proteins are associated with various perturbations that induce contractile dysfunction and promote disease development. In this review we aimed to outline the functional consequences of the major inherited cardiomyopathies in terms of myocardial contraction and kinetics, and to highlight the structural and functional alterations in some sarcomeric variants that have been demonstrated to be involved in the pathogenesis of the inherited cardiomyopathies. A particular focus was made on mutation-induced alterations in cardiomyocyte mechanics. Since no disease-specific treatments for familial cardiomyopathies exist, several novel agents have been developed to modulate sarcomere contractility. Understanding the molecular basis of the disease opens new avenues for the development of new therapies. Furthermore, the earlier the awareness of the genetic defect, the better the clinical prognostication would be for patients and the better the prevention of development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roua Hassoun
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital and Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Heidi Budde
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital and Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Mügge
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital and Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Institut für Forschung und Lehre (IFL), Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital and Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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De Novo Missense Mutations in TNNC1 and TNNI3 Causing Severe Infantile Cardiomyopathy Affect Myofilament Structure and Function and Are Modulated by Troponin Targeting Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179625. [PMID: 34502534 PMCID: PMC8431798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare pediatric non-compaction and restrictive cardiomyopathy are usually associated with a rapid and severe disease progression. While the non-compaction phenotype is characterized by structural defects and is correlated with systolic dysfunction, the restrictive phenotype exhibits diastolic dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. Target genes encode among others, the cardiac troponin subunits forming the main regulatory protein complex of the thin filament for muscle contraction. Here, we compare the molecular effects of two infantile de novo point mutations in TNNC1 (p.cTnC-G34S) and TNNI3 (p.cTnI-D127Y) leading to severe non-compaction and restrictive phenotypes, respectively. We used skinned cardiomyocytes, skinned fibers, and reconstituted thin filaments to measure the impact of the mutations on contractile function. We investigated the interaction of these troponin variants with actin and their inter-subunit interactions, as well as the structural integrity of reconstituted thin filaments. Both mutations exhibited similar functional and structural impairments, though the patients developed different phenotypes. Furthermore, the protein quality control system was affected, as shown for TnC-G34S using patient's myocardial tissue samples. The two troponin targeting agents levosimendan and green tea extract (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg) stabilized the structural integrity of reconstituted thin filaments and ameliorated contractile function in vitro in some, but not all, aspects to a similar degree for both mutations.
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Stătescu C, Enachi Ș, Ureche C, Țăpoi L, Anghel L, Șalaru D, Pleșoianu C, Bostan M, Marcu D, Ovanez Balasanian M, Sascău RA. Pushing the Limits of Medical Management in HCM: A Review of Current Pharmacological Therapy Options. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137218. [PMID: 34281272 PMCID: PMC8268685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common monogenic cardiac disease with a highly variable phenotypic expression, ranging from asymptomatic to drug refractory heart failure (HF) presentation. Pharmacological therapy is the first line of treatment, but options are currently limited to nonspecific medication like betablockers or calcium channel inhibitors, with frequent suboptimal results. While being the gold standard practice for the management of drug refractory HCM patients, septal reduction therapy (SRT) remains an invasive procedure with associated surgical risks and it requires the expertise of the operating centre, thus limiting its accessibility. It is therefore with high interest that researchers look for pharmacological alternatives that could provide higher rates of success. With new data gathering these past years as well as the development of a new drug class showing promising results, this review provides an up-to-date focused synthesis of existing medical treatment options and future directions for HCM pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Stătescu
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ștefana Enachi
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-749-630-641
| | - Carina Ureche
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Laura Țăpoi
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Larisa Anghel
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Delia Șalaru
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Pleșoianu
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mădălina Bostan
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragoș Marcu
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea Ovanez Balasanian
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Andy Sascău
- Cardiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, Carol I Boulevard No. 50, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.S.); (C.U.); (L.Ț.); (L.A.); (D.Ș.); (C.P.); (M.B.); (D.M.); (M.O.B.); (R.A.S.)
- Internal Medicine Department, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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11
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Huang Y, Lu H, Ren X, Li F, Bu W, Liu W, Dailey WP, Saeki H, Gabrielson K, Abraham R, Eckenhoff R, Gao WD. Fropofol prevents disease progression in mice with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 116:1175-1185. [PMID: 31424496 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Increased myofilament contractility is recognized as a crucial factor in the pathogenesis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Direct myofilament desensitization might be beneficial in preventing HCM disease progression. Here, we tested whether the small molecule fropofol prevents HCM phenotype expression and disease progression by directly depressing myofilament force development. METHODS AND RESULTS Force, intracellular Ca2+, and steady-state activation were determined in isolated trabecular muscles from wild-type (WT) and transgenic HCM mice with heterozygous human α-myosin heavy chain R403Q mutation (αMHC 403/+). αMHC 403/+ HCM mice were treated continuously with fropofol by intraperitoneal infusion for 12 weeks. Heart tissue was analysed with histology and real-time PCR of prohypertrophic and profibrotic genes. Fropofol decreased force in a concentration-dependent manner without significantly altering [Ca2+]i in isolated muscles from both WT and αMHC 403/+ HCM mouse hearts. Fropofol also depressed maximal Ca2+-activated force and increased the [Ca2+]i required for 50% activation during steady-state activation. In whole-animal studies, chronic intra-abdominal administration of fropofol prevented hypertrophy development and diastolic dysfunction. Chronic fropofol treatment also led to attenuation of prohypertrophic and profibrotic gene expression, reductions in cell size, and decreases in tissue fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Direct inhibition of myofilament contraction by fropofol prevents HCM disease phenotypic expression and progression, suggesting that increased myofilament contractile force is the primary trigger for hypertrophy development and HCM disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, 2nd Xiangya Hospital Central South University, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Haisong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking Union Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Science, 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujin, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xianfeng Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 2 Yinghuanyuan East Street, Chaoying District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fazhao Li
- Department of General Surgery, 2nd Xiangya Hospital, 139 Renmin Middle Road, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Weiming Bu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, South China University School of Medicine, 69 Chuanshan Road, Shigu District, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - William P Dailey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences, 231 S. 34 Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Harumi Saeki
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, MRB 807, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kathleen Gabrielson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, MRB 807, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Roselle Abraham
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 555 Mission Bay Blvd South, Smith Cardiovascular Research Building, 452K, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Roderic Eckenhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3620 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wei Dong Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed Tower 6208, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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12
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Parijat P, Kondacs L, Alexandrovich A, Gautel M, Cobb AJA, Kampourakis T. High Throughput Screen Identifies Small Molecule Effectors That Modulate Thin Filament Activation in Cardiac Muscle. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:225-235. [PMID: 33315370 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current therapeutic interventions for both heart disease and heart failure are largely insufficient and associated with undesired side effects. Biomedical research has emphasized the role of sarcomeric protein function for the normal performance and energy efficiency of the heart, suggesting that directly targeting the contractile myofilaments themselves using small molecule effectors has therapeutic potential and will likely result in greater drug efficacy and selectivity. In this study, we developed a robust and highly reproducible fluorescence polarization-based high throughput screening (HTS) assay that directly targets the calcium-dependent interaction between cardiac troponin C (cTnC) and the switch region of cardiac troponin I (cTnISP), with the aim of identifying small molecule effectors of the cardiac thin filament activation pathway. We screened a commercially available small molecule library and identified several hit compounds with both inhibitory and activating effects. We used a range of biophysical and biochemical methods to characterize hit compounds and identified fingolimod, a sphingosin-1-phosphate receptor modulator, as a new troponin-based small molecule effector. Fingolimod decreased the ATPase activity and calcium sensitivity of demembranated cardiac muscle fibers in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that the compound acts as a calcium desensitizer. We investigated fingolimod's mechanism of action using a combination of computational studies, biophysical methods, and synthetic chemistry, showing that fingolimod bound to cTnC repels cTnISP via mainly electrostatic repulsion of its positively charged tail. These results suggest that fingolimod is a potential new lead compound/scaffold for the development of troponin-directed heart failure therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Parijat
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Laszlo Kondacs
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Alexandrovich
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Gautel
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. A. Cobb
- Department of Chemistry, King’s College London, 7 Trinity Street, London, SE1 1DB, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Kampourakis
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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13
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Alsulami K, Marston S. Small Molecules acting on Myofilaments as Treatments for Heart and Skeletal Muscle Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9599. [PMID: 33339418 PMCID: PMC7767104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are the most prevalent forms of the chronic and progressive pathological condition known as cardiomyopathy. These diseases have different aetiologies; however, they share the feature of haemodynamic abnormalities, which is mainly due to dysfunction in the contractile proteins that make up the contractile unit known as the sarcomere. To date, pharmacological treatment options are not disease-specific and rather focus on managing the symptoms, without addressing the disease mechanism. Earliest attempts at improving cardiac contractility by modulating the sarcomere indirectly (inotropes) resulted in unwanted effects. In contrast, targeting the sarcomere directly, aided by high-throughput screening systems, could identify small molecules with a superior therapeutic value in cardiac muscle disorders. Herein, an extensive literature review of 21 small molecules directed to five different targets was conducted. A simple scoring system was created to assess the suitability of small molecules for therapy by evaluating them in eight different criteria. Most of the compounds failed due to lack of target specificity or poor physicochemical properties. Six compounds stood out, showing a potential therapeutic value in HCM, DCM or heart failure (HF). Omecamtiv Mecarbil and Danicamtiv (myosin activators), Mavacamten, CK-274 and MYK-581 (myosin inhibitors) and AMG 594 (Ca2+-sensitiser) are all small molecules that allosterically modulate troponin or myosin. Omecamtiv Mecarbil showed limited efficacy in phase III GALACTIC-HF trial, while, results from phase III EXPLORER-HCM trial were recently published, indicating that Mavacamten reduced left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and diastolic dysfunction and improved the health status of patients with HCM. A novel category of small molecules known as "recouplers" was reported to target a phenomenon termed uncoupling commonly found in familial cardiomyopathies but has not progressed beyond preclinical work. In conclusion, the contractile apparatus is a promising target for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khulud Alsulami
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK;
- National Centre for Pharmaceutical Technology, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven Marston
- Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK;
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14
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Vilella R, Sgarbi G, Naponelli V, Savi M, Bocchi L, Liuzzi F, Righetti R, Quaini F, Frati C, Bettuzzi S, Solaini G, Stilli D, Rizzi F, Baracca A. Effects of Standardized Green Tea Extract and Its Main Component, EGCG, on Mitochondrial Function and Contractile Performance of Healthy Rat Cardiomyocytes. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102949. [PMID: 32993022 PMCID: PMC7600665 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that the long-term in vivo administration of green tea catechin extract (GTE) resulted in hyperdynamic cardiomyocyte contractility. The present study investigates the mechanisms underlying GTE action in comparison to its major component, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), given at the equivalent amount that would be in the entirety of GTE. Twenty-six male Wistar rats were given 40 mL/day of a tap water solution with either standardized GTE or pure EGCG for 4 weeks. Cardiomyocytes were then isolated for the study. Cellular bioenergetics was found to be significantly improved in both GTE- and EGCG-fed rats compared to that in controls as shown by measuring the maximal mitochondrial respiration rate and the cellular ATP level. Notably, the improvement of mitochondrial function was associated with increased levels of oxidative phosphorylation complexes, whereas the cellular mitochondrial mass was unchanged. However, only the GTE supplement improved cardiomyocyte mechanics and intracellular calcium dynamics, by lowering the expression of total phospholamban (PLB), which led to an increase of both the phosphorylated-PLB/PLB and the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase/PLB ratios. Our findings suggest that GTE might be a valuable adjuvant tool for counteracting the occurrence and/or the progression of cardiomyopathies in which mitochondrial dysfunction and alteration of intracellular calcium dynamics constitute early pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocchina Vilella
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Gianluca Sgarbi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Monia Savi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Leonardo Bocchi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Francesca Liuzzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Riccardo Righetti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza” Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Federico Quaini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Caterina Frati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
| | - Saverio Bettuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Solaini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
| | - Donatella Stilli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability (SCVSA), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (R.V.); (M.S.); (L.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Federica Rizzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DIMEC), University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy; (V.N.); (F.Q.); (C.F.); (S.B.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Centre for Molecular and Translational Oncology (COMT), University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0521-033816 (F.R.); +39-051-2091244 (A.B.); Fax: +39-0521-033802 (F.R.); +39-051-2091224 (A.B.)
| | - Alessandra Baracca
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Laboratory of Biochemistry and Mitochondrial Pathophysiology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.S.); (F.L.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: (F.R.); (A.B.); Tel.: +39-0521-033816 (F.R.); +39-051-2091244 (A.B.); Fax: +39-0521-033802 (F.R.); +39-051-2091224 (A.B.)
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15
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Chen CY, Salomon AK, Caporizzo MA, Curry S, Kelly NA, Bedi K, Bogush AI, Krämer E, Schlossarek S, Janiak P, Moutin MJ, Carrier L, Margulies KB, Prosser BL. Depletion of Vasohibin 1 Speeds Contraction and Relaxation in Failing Human Cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 2020; 127:e14-e27. [PMID: 32272864 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Impaired myocardial relaxation is an intractable feature of several heart failure (HF) causes. In human HF, detyrosinated microtubules stiffen cardiomyocytes and impair relaxation. Yet the identity of detyrosinating enzymes have remained ambiguous, hindering mechanistic study and therapeutic development. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine if the recently identified complex of VASH1/2 (vasohibin 1/2) and SVBP (small vasohibin binding protein) is an active detyrosinase in cardiomyocytes and if genetic inhibition of VASH-SVBP is sufficient to lower stiffness and improve contractility in HF. METHODS AND RESULTS Transcriptional profiling revealed that VASH1 transcript is >10-fold more abundant than VASH2 in human hearts. Using short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against VASH1, VASH2, and SVBP, we showed that both VASH1- and VASH2-SVBP complexes function as tubulin carboxypeptidases in cardiomyocytes, with a predominant role for VASH1. We also generated a catalytically dead version of the tyrosinating enzyme TTL (TTL-E331Q) to separate the microtubule depolymerizing effects of TTL from its enzymatic activity. Assays of microtubule stability revealed that both TTL and TTL-E331Q depolymerize microtubules, while VASH1 and SVBP depletion reduce detyrosination independent of depolymerization. We next probed effects on human cardiomyocyte contractility. Contractile kinetics were slowed in HF, with dramatically slowed relaxation in cardiomyocytes from patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. Knockdown of VASH1 conferred subtle kinetic improvements in nonfailing cardiomyocytes, while markedly improving kinetics in failing cardiomyocytes. Further, TTL, but not TTL-E331Q, robustly sped relaxation. Simultaneous measurements of calcium transients and contractility demonstrated that VASH1 depletion speeds kinetics independent from alterations to calcium cycling. Finally, atomic force microscopy confirmed that VASH1 depletion reduces the stiffness of failing human cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS VASH-SVBP complexes are active tubulin carboxypeptidases in cardiomyocytes. Inhibition of VASH1 or activation of TTL is sufficient to lower stiffness and speed relaxation in cardiomyocytes from patients with HF, supporting further pursuit of detyrosination as a therapeutic target for diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Yingxian Chen
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Alexander K Salomon
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Matthew A Caporizzo
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Sam Curry
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Neil A Kelly
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Kenneth Bedi
- Department of Medicine (K.B., K.B.M.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Alexey I Bogush
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Elisabeth Krämer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.)
| | - Saskia Schlossarek
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.)
| | - Philip Janiak
- Cardiovascular Research, Sanofi R&D, Chilly-Mazarin, France (P.J.)
| | - Marie-Jo Moutin
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences (GIN), Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France (M.-J.M.).,Inserm, U1216, F-38000 Grenoble, France (M.-J.M.)
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.).,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany (E.K., S.S., L.C.)
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.,Department of Medicine (K.B., K.B.M.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute (K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
| | - Benjamin L Prosser
- From the Department of Physiology, Pennsylvania Muscle Institute (C.Y.C., A.K.S., M.A.C., S.C., N.A.K., A.I.B., K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute (K.B.M., B.L.P.), University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia
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16
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Chowdhury SAK, Warren CM, Simon JN, Ryba DM, Batra A, Varga P, Kranias EG, Tardiff JC, Solaro RJ, Wolska BM. Modifications of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Function Prevent Progression of Sarcomere-Linked Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Despite a Persistent Increase in Myofilament Calcium Response. Front Physiol 2020; 11:107. [PMID: 32210830 PMCID: PMC7075858 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disorder caused by mutations in different genes mainly encoding myofilament proteins and therefore called a “disease of the sarcomere.” Despite the discovery of sarcomere protein mutations linked to HCM almost 30 years ago, the cellular mechanisms responsible for the development of this disease are not completely understood and likely vary among different mutations. Moreover, despite many efforts to develop effective treatments for HCM, these have largely been unsuccessful, and more studies are needed to better understand the cellular mechanisms of the disease. In experiments reported here, we investigated a mouse model expressing the mutant cTnT-R92Q, which is linked to HCM and induces an increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and diastolic dysfunction. We found that early correction of the diastolic dysfunction by phospholamban knockout (PLNKO) was able to prevent the development of the HCM phenotype in troponin T (TnT)-R92Q transgenic (TG) mice. Four groups of mice in FVB/N background were generated and used for the experiments: (1) non-transgenic (NTG)/PLN mice, which express wild-type TnT and normal level of PLN; (2) NTG/PLNKO mice, which express wild-type TnT and no PLN; (3) TG/PLN mice, which express TnT-R92Q and normal level of PLN; (4) TG/PLNKO mice, which express TnT-R92Q and no PLN. Cardiac function was determined using both standard echocardiographic parameters and speckle tracking strain measurements. We found that both atrial morphology and diastolic function were altered in TG/PLN mice but normal in TG/PLNKO mice. Histological analysis showed a disarray of myocytes and increased collagen deposition only in TG/PLN hearts. We also observed increased Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation only in TG/PLN hearts but not in TG/PLNKO hearts. The rescue of the HCM phenotype was not associated with differences in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity between TG/PLN and TG/PLNKO mice. Moreover, compared to standard systolic echo parameters, such as ejection fraction (EF), speckle strain measurements provided a more sensitive approach to detect early systolic dysfunction in TG/PLN mice. In summary, our results indicate that targeting diastolic dysfunction through altering Ca2+ fluxes with no change in myofilament response to Ca2+ was able to prevent the development of the HCM phenotype and should be considered as a potential additional treatment for HCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim A K Chowdhury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chad M Warren
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jillian N Simon
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David M Ryba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ashley Batra
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Peter Varga
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Evangelia G Kranias
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Jil C Tardiff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - R John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Beata M Wolska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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17
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Musial C, Kuban-Jankowska A, Gorska-Ponikowska M. Beneficial Properties of Green Tea Catechins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051744. [PMID: 32143309 PMCID: PMC7084675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea (Camellia sinesis) is widely known for its anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. Among the biologically active compounds contained in Camellia sinesis, the main antioxidant agents are catechins. Recent scientific research indicates that the number of hydroxyl groups and the presence of characteristic structural groups have a major impact on the antioxidant activity of catechins. The best source of these compounds is unfermented green tea. Depending on the type and origin of green tea leaves, their antioxidant properties may be uneven. Catechins exhibit the strong property of neutralizing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The group of green tea catechin derivatives includes: epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate and epigallocatechin gallate. The last of these presents the most potent anti-inflammatory and anticancer potential. Notably, green tea catechins are widely described to be efficient in the prevention of lung cancer, breast cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer and prostate cancer. The current review aims to summarize the potential anticancer effects and molecular signaling pathways of major green tea catechins. It needs to be clearly emphasized that green tea as well as green tea catechols cannot replace the standard chemotherapy. Nonetheless, their beneficial effects may support the standard anticancer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Musial
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (C.M.); (A.K.-J.)
| | - Alicja Kuban-Jankowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (C.M.); (A.K.-J.)
| | - Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland; (C.M.); (A.K.-J.)
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, 90139 Palermo, Italy
- Correspondence:
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18
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Gu Y, Moroy G, Paul JL, Rebillat AS, Dierssen M, de la Torre R, Cieuta-Walti C, Dairou J, Janel N. Molecular Rescue of Dyrk1A Overexpression Alterations in Mice with Fontup ® Dietary Supplement: Role of Green Tea Catechins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1404. [PMID: 32092951 PMCID: PMC7073110 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is an inhibitor of DYRK1A, a serine/threonine kinase considered to be a major contributor of cognitive dysfunctions in Down syndrome (DS). Two clinical trials in adult patients with DS have shown the safety and efficacy to improve cognitive phenotypes using commercial green tea extract containing EGCG (45% content). In the present study, we performed a preclinical study using FontUp®, a new nutritional supplement with a chocolate taste specifically formulated for the nutritional needs of patients with DS and enriched with a standardized amount of EGCG in young mice overexpressing Dyrk1A (TgBACDyrk1A). This preparation is differential with previous one used, because its green tea extract has been purified to up 94% EGCG of total catechins. We analyzed the in vitro effect of green tea catechins not only for EGCG, but for others residually contained in FontUp®, on DYRK1A kinase activity. Like EGCG, epicatechin gallate was a noncompetitive inhibitor against ATP, molecular docking computations confirming these results. Oral FontUp® normalized brain and plasma biomarkers deregulated in TgBACDyrk1A, without negative effect on liver and cardiac functions. We compared the bioavailability of EGCG in plasma and brain of mice and have demonstrated that EGCG had well crossed the blood-brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Gu
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Gautier Moroy
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, ERL U1133, Inserm, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Jean-Louis Paul
- Department of Biochemistry, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), F-75013 Paris, France;
| | | | - Mara Dierssen
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julien Dairou
- Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologique, UMR 8601, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Nathalie Janel
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
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19
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Wright PT, Tsui SF, Francis AJ, MacLeod KT, Marston SB. Approaches to High-Throughput Analysis of Cardiomyocyte Contractility. Front Physiol 2020; 11:612. [PMID: 32733259 PMCID: PMC7362994 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The measurement of the contractile behavior of single cardiomyocytes has made a significant contribution to our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of the myocardium. However, the isolation of cardiomyocytes introduces various technical and statistical issues. Traditional video and fluorescence microscopy techniques based around conventional microscopy systems result in low-throughput experimental studies, in which single cells are studied over the course of a pharmacological or physiological intervention. We describe a new approach to these experiments made possible with a new piece of instrumentation, the CytoCypher High-Throughput System (CC-HTS). We can assess the shortening of sarcomeres, cell length, Ca2+ handling, and cellular morphology of almost 4 cells per minute. This increase in productivity means that batch-to-batch variation can be identified as a major source of variability. The speed of acquisition means that sufficient numbers of cells in each preparation can be assessed for multiple conditions reducing these batch effects. We demonstrate the different temporal scales over which the CC-HTS can acquire data. We use statistical analysis methods that compensate for the hierarchical effects of clustering within heart preparations and demonstrate a significant false-positive rate, which is potentially present in conventional studies. We demonstrate a more stringent way to perform these tests. The baseline morphological and functional characteristics of rat, mouse, guinea pig, and human cells are explored. Finally, we show data from concentration response experiments revealing the usefulness of the CC-HTS in such studies. We specifically focus on the effects of agents that directly or indirectly affect the activity of the motor proteins involved in the production of cardiomyocyte contraction. A variety of myocardial preparations with differing levels of complexity are in use (e.g., isolated muscle bundles, thin slices, perfused dual innervated isolated heart, and perfused ventricular wedge). All suffer from low throughput but can be regarded as providing independent data points in contrast to the clustering problems associated with isolated cell studies. The greater productivity and sampling power provided by CC-HTS may help to reestablish the utility of isolated cell studies, while preserving the unique insights provided by studying the contribution of the fundamental, cellular unit of myocardial contractility.
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Marston S. Small molecule studies: the fourth wave of muscle research. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:69-76. [PMID: 31228047 PMCID: PMC6726831 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The study of muscle and contractility is an unusual scientific endeavour since it has from the start been focussed on one problem-What makes muscle work?-and yet has needed a vast range of different approaches and techniques to study it. Its uniqueness lies in the fundamental fascination of a large scale molecular machine that converts chemical energy into mechanical energy at ambient temperature and with high efficiency that is also controlled by an exquisitely intricate yet utterly reliable regulatory system and is an essential component of animal life. The investigation of muscle is as innovative as any other field of research. As soon as one approach appears to be played out another comes along. It is instructive to consider this as a series of waves of novel and heightened activity starting in the 1950s. The thesis of this article is that we are approaching the fourth wave with the recent rise of interest in small molecules as research tools and possible therapies for muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Marston
- Cardiovascular Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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Robinson P, Liu X, Sparrow A, Patel S, Zhang YH, Casadei B, Watkins H, Redwood C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations increase myofilament Ca 2+ buffering, alter intracellular Ca 2+ handling, and stimulate Ca 2+-dependent signaling. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:10487-10499. [PMID: 29760186 PMCID: PMC6036197 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in thin filament regulatory proteins that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) increase myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Mouse models exhibit increased Ca2+ buffering and arrhythmias, and we hypothesized that these changes are primary effects of the mutations (independent of compensatory changes) and that increased Ca2+ buffering and altered Ca2+ handling contribute to HCM pathogenesis via activation of Ca2+-dependent signaling. Here, we determined the primary effects of HCM mutations on intracellular Ca2+ handling and Ca2+-dependent signaling in a model system possessing Ca2+-handling mechanisms and contractile protein isoforms closely mirroring the human environment in the absence of potentially confounding remodeling. Using adenovirus, we expressed HCM-causing variants of human troponin-T, troponin-I, and α-tropomyosin (R92Q, R145G, and D175N, respectively) in isolated guinea pig left ventricular cardiomyocytes. After 48 h, each variant had localized to the I-band and comprised ∼50% of the total protein. HCM mutations significantly lowered the Kd of Ca2+ binding, resulting in higher Ca2+ buffering of mutant cardiomyocytes. We observed increased diastolic [Ca2+] and slowed Ca2+ reuptake, coupled with a significant decrease in basal sarcomere length and slowed relaxation. HCM mutant cells had higher sodium/calcium exchanger activity, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load, and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 (SERCA2) activity driven by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) phosphorylation of phospholamban. The ryanodine receptor (RyR) leak/load relationship was also increased, driven by CaMKII-mediated RyR phosphorylation. Altered Ca2+ homeostasis also increased signaling via both calcineurin/NFAT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways. Altered myofilament Ca2+ buffering is the primary initiator of signaling cascades, indicating that directly targeting myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity provides an attractive therapeutic approach in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Robinson
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Xing Liu
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Sparrow
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Suketu Patel
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Yin-Hua Zhang
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Casadei
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Watkins
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Redwood
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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In Vitro and In Silico Studies of the Molecular Interactions of Epigallocatechin-3- O-gallate (EGCG) with Proteins That Explain the Health Benefits of Green Tea. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061295. [PMID: 29843451 PMCID: PMC6099932 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea has been shown to have beneficial effects on many diseases such as cancer, obesity, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. The major green tea component, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), has been demonstrated to contribute to these effects through its anti-oxidative and pro-oxidative properties. Furthermore, several lines of evidence have indicated that the binding affinity of EGCG to specific proteins may explain its mechanism of action. This review article aims to reveal how EGCG-protein interactions can explain the mechanism by which green tea/EGCG can exhibit health beneficial effects. We conducted a literature search, using mainly the PubMed database. The results showed that several methods such as dot assays, affinity gel chromatography, surface plasmon resonance, computational docking analyses, and X-ray crystallography have been used for this purpose. These studies have provided evidence to show how EGCG can fit or occupy the position in or near functional sites and induce a conformational change, including a quaternary conformational change in some cases. Active site blocking, steric hindrance by binding of EGCG near an active site or induced conformational change appeared to cause inhibition of enzymatic activity and other biological activities of proteins, which are related to EGCG’s biological oligomer and formation of their toxic aggregates, leading to the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases and amyloidosis. In conclusion, these studies have provided useful information on the action of green tea/catechins and would lead to future studies that will provide further evidence for rational EGCG therapy and use EGCG as a lead compound for drug design.
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Sheehan A, Messer AE, Papadaki M, Choudhry A, Kren V, Biedermann D, Blagg B, Khandelwal A, Marston SB. Molecular Defects in Cardiac Myofilament Ca 2+-Regulation Due to Cardiomyopathy-Linked Mutations Can Be Reversed by Small Molecules Binding to Troponin. Front Physiol 2018; 9:243. [PMID: 29636697 PMCID: PMC5881522 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherited cardiomyopathies, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are relatively common, potentially life-threatening and currently untreatable. Mutations are often in the contractile proteins of cardiac muscle and cause abnormal Ca2+ regulation via troponin. HCM is usually linked to higher myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity whilst in both HCM and DCM mutant tissue there is often an uncoupling of the relationship between troponin I (TnI) phosphorylation by PKA and modulation of myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity, essential for normal responses to adrenaline. The adrenergic response is blunted, and this may predispose the heart to failure under stress. At present there are no compounds or interventions that can prevent or treat sarcomere cardiomyopathies. There is a need for novel therapies that act at a more fundamental level to affect the disease process. We demonstrated that epigallocatechin-3 gallate (EGCG) was found to be capable of restoring the coupled relationship between Ca2+-sensitivity and TnI phosphorylation in mutant thin filaments to normal in vitro, independent of the mutation (15 mutations tested). We have labeled this property "re-coupling." The action of EGCG in vitro to reverse the abnormality caused by myopathic mutations would appear to be an ideal pharmaceutical profile for treatment of inherited HCM and DCM but EGCG is known to be promiscuous in vivo and is thus unsuitable as a therapeutic drug. We therefore investigated whether other structurally related compounds can re-couple myofilaments without these off-target effects. We used the quantitative in vitro motility assay to screen 40 compounds, related to C-terminal Hsp90 inhibitors, and found 23 that can re-couple mutant myofilaments. There is no correlation between re-couplers and Hsp90 inhibitors. The Ca2+-sensitivity shift due to TnI phosphorylation was restored to 2.2 ± 0.01-fold (n = 19) compared to 2.0 ± 0.24-fold (n = 7) in wild-type thin filaments. Many of these compounds were either pure re-couplers or pure desensitizers, indicating these properties are independent; moreover, re-coupling ability could be lost with small changes of compound structure, indicating the possibility of specificity. Small molecules that can re-couple may have therapeutic potential. HIGHLIGHTS - Inherited cardiomyopathies are common diseases that are currently untreatable at a fundamental level and therefore finding a small molecule treatment is highly desirable.- We have identified a molecular level dysfunction common to nearly all mutations: uncoupling of the relationship between troponin I phosphorylation and modulation of myofilament Ca2+-sensitivity, essential for normal responses to adrenaline.- We have identified a new class of drugs that are capable of both reducing Ca2+-sensitivity and/or recouping the relationship between troponin I phosphorylation and Ca2+-sensitivity.- The re-coupling phenomenon can be explained on the basis of a single mechanism that is testable.- Measurements with a wide range of small molecules of varying structures can indicate the critical molecular features required for recoupling and allows the prediction of other potential re-couplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Sheehan
- NHLI, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Vladimír Kren
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Biedermann
- Laboratory of Biotransformation, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Brian Blagg
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Anuj Khandelwal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves cardiac hypertrophy and short-term memory deficits in a Williams-Beuren syndrome mouse model. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194476. [PMID: 29554110 PMCID: PMC5858783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a heterozygous deletion of 26–28 genes at chromosome band 7q11.23. The complete deletion (CD) mouse model mimics the most common deletion found in WBS patients and recapitulates most neurologic features of the disorder along with some cardiovascular manifestations leading to significant cardiac hypertrophy with increased cardiomyocytes’ size. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin found in green tea, has been associated with potential health benefits, both on cognition and cardiovascular phenotypes, through several mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the effects of green tea extracts on WBS-related phenotypes through a phase I clinical trial in mice. After feeding CD animals with green tea extracts dissolved in the drinking water, starting at three different time periods (prenatal, youth and adulthood), a set of behavioral tests and several anatomical, histological and molecular analyses were performed. Treatment resulted to be effective in the reduction of cardiac hypertrophy and was also able to ameliorate short-term memory deficits of CD mice. Taken together, these results suggest that EGCG might have a therapeutic and/or preventive role in the management of WBS.
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25
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Okuda S, Sufu-Shimizu Y, Kato T, Fukuda M, Nishimura S, Oda T, Kobayashi S, Yamamoto T, Morimoto S, Yano M. CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of RyR2 plays a crucial role in aberrant Ca 2+ release as an arrhythmogenic substrate in cardiac troponin T-related familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:1250-1256. [PMID: 29402414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac Troponin T (TnT) mutation-linked familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is known to cause sudden cardiac death at a young age. Here, we investigated the role of the Ca2+ release channel of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), ryanodine receptor (RyR2), in the pathogenic mechanism of lethal arrhythmia in FHC-related TnT-mutated transgenic mice (TG; TnT-delta160E). METHODS AND RESULTS In TG cardiomyocytes, the Ca2+ spark frequency (SpF) was much higher than that in non-TG cardiomyocytes. These differences were more pronounced in the presence of isoproterenol (ISO; 10 nM). This increase in SpF was largely reversed by a CaMKII inhibitor (KN-93), but not by a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89). CaMKII phosphorylation at Ser2814 in RyR2 was increased significantly in TG. Spontaneous Ca2+ transients (sCaTs) after cessation of a 1-5 Hz pacing, frequently observed in ISO-treated TG cardiomyocytes, were also attenuated by KN-93, but not by H89. The RyR2 stabilizer dantrolene attenuated Ca2+ sparks and sCaTs in ISO-treated TG cardiomyocytes, indicating that the mutation-linked aberrant Ca2+ release is mediated by destabilized RyR2. CONCLUSIONS In FHC-linked TnT-mutated hearts, RyR2 is susceptible to CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation, presumably because of a mutation-linked increase in diastolic [Ca2+]i, causing aberrant Ca2+ release leading to lethal arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Okuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Yoko Sufu-Shimizu
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Kato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Masakazu Fukuda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigehiko Nishimura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Oda
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Sachio Morimoto
- Department of Health Sciences Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 131-7 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yano
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Division of Cardiology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
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Stücker S, Kresin N, Carrier L, Friedrich FW. Nebivolol Desensitizes Myofilaments of a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mouse Model. Front Physiol 2017; 8:558. [PMID: 28824454 PMCID: PMC5539082 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients often present with diastolic dysfunction and a normal to supranormal systolic function. To counteract this hypercontractility, guideline therapies advocate treatment with beta-adrenoceptor and Ca2+ channel blockers. One well established pathomechanism for the hypercontractile phenotype frequently observed in HCM patients and several HCM mouse models is an increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Nebivolol, a commonly used beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, has been reported to lower maximal force development and myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in rabbit and human heart tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nebivolol in cardiac muscle strips of an established HCM Mybpc3 mouse model. Furthermore, we investigated actions of nebivolol and epigallocatechin-gallate, which has been shown to desensitize myofilaments for Ca2+ in mouse and human HCM models, in cardiac strips of HCM patients with a mutation in the most frequently mutated HCM gene MYBPC3. Methods and Results: Nebivolol effects were tested on contractile parameters and force-Ca2+ relationship of skinned ventricular muscle strips isolated from Mybpc3-targeted knock-in (KI), wild-type (WT) mice and cardiac strips of three HCM patients with MYBPC3 mutations. At baseline, KI strips showed no difference in maximal force development compared to WT mouse heart strips. Neither 1 nor 10 μM nebivolol had an effect on maximal force development in both genotypes. 10 μM nebivolol induced myofilament Ca2+ desensitization in WT strips and to a greater extent in KI strips. Neither 1 nor 10 μM nebivolol had an effect on Ca2+ sensitivity in cardiac muscle strips of three HCM patients with MYBPC3 mutations, whereas epigallocatechin-gallate induced a right shift in the force-Ca2+ curve. Conclusion: Nebivolol induced a myofilament Ca2+ desensitization in both WT and KI strips, which was more pronounced in KI muscle strips. In human cardiac muscle strips of three HCM patients nebivolol had no effect on myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Stücker
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nico Kresin
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix W Friedrich
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Hamburg, Germany
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Wang J, Zhu C, Song D, Xia R, Yu W, Dang Y, Fei Y, Yu L, Wu J. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate enhances ER stress-induced cancer cell apoptosis by directly targeting PARP16 activity. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17034. [PMID: 28698806 PMCID: PMC5502302 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are ADP-ribosylating enzymes and play important roles in a variety of cellular processes. Most small-molecule PARP inhibitors developed to date have been against PARP1, a poly-ADP-ribose transferase, and suffer from poor selectivity. PARP16, a mono-ADP-ribose transferase, has recently emerged as a potential therapeutic target, but its inhibitor development has trailed behind. Here we newly characterized epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a potential inhibitor of PARP16. We found that EGCG was associated with PARP16 and dramatically inhibited its activity in vitro. Moreover, EGCG suppressed the ER stress-induced phosphorylation of PERK and the transcription of unfolded protein response-related genes, leading to dramatically increase of cancer cells apoptosis under ER stress conditions, which was dependent on PARP16. These findings newly characterized EGCG as a potential inhibitor of PARP16, which can enhance the ER stress-induced cancer cell apoptosis, suggesting that a combination of EGCG and ER stress-induced agents might represent a novel approach for cancer therapy or chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Chenggang Zhu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Dan Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Wenbo Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yiyan Fei
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Long Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Jiaxue Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate modulates arrhythmogenic activity and calcium homeostasis of left atrium. Int J Cardiol 2017; 236:174-180. [PMID: 28117139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the commonest sustained arrhythmia, and increases the risk of stroke, heart failure, and mortality. Calcium (Ca2+) overload and oxidative stress are thought to participate in the pathogenesis of AF. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has an antioxidative effect and been shown to be beneficial in promoting cardiovascular health. However, it is not clear if EGCG directly modulates the electrophysiological characteristics and Ca2+ homeostasis of the left atrium (LA). METHODS AND RESULTS Conventional microelectrodes, whole-cell patch-clamp, and Fluo-3 fluorometric ratio technique were performed using the isolated rabbit LA preparations or isolated single LA cardiomyocytes before and after EGCG treatment. EGCG (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10μM) which concentration-dependently decreased the APD20 by 13±8%, 25±5%, 31±6%, and 37±5%, APD50 by 9±8%, 22±6%, 32±7%, and 40±4%, and APD90 by 2±12%, 9±8%, 24±10%, and 34±5% in LA preparations. EGCG (0.1μM) decreased the late sodium (Na+) current, L-type Ca2+ current, nickel-sensitive Na+-Ca2+ exchanger current, and transient outward current, but did not change the Na+ current and ultra-rapid delayed rectifier potassium current in LA cardiomyocytes. EGCG decreased intracellular Ca2+ transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content in LA cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, EGCG decreased isoproterenol (ISO, 1μM)-induced burst firing. KT5823 (1μM) or KN93 (1μM) decreased the incidences of ISO-induced LA burst firing, which became lower with EGCG treatment. H89 (10μM) and KN92 (1μM) did not suppress the incidence of ISO-induced LA burst firing. However, EGCG decreased the incidences of ISO-induced LA burst firing in the presence of H89 or KN92. CONCLUSION EGCG directly regulates LA electrophysiological characteristics and Ca2+ homeostasis, and suppresses ISO-induced atrial arrhythmogenesis through inhibiting Ca2+/calmodulin or cGMP-dependent protein kinases.
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29
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Liu X, Zhang L, Pacciulli D, Zhao J, Nan C, Shen W, Quan J, Tian J, Huang X. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Caused by Troponin Mutations: Application of Disease Animal Models in Translational Studies. Front Physiol 2016; 7:629. [PMID: 28066262 PMCID: PMC5165243 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) plays a critical role in regulation of cardiac function. Studies have shown that the deficiency of cTnI or mutations in cTnI (particularly in the C-terminus of cTnI) results in diastolic dysfunction (impaired relaxation) due to an increased myofibril sensitivity to calcium. The first clinical study revealing the association between restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) with cardiac troponin mutations was reported in 2003. In order to illustrate the mechanisms underlying the cTnI mutation caused cardiomyopathy, we have generated a cTnI gene knockout mouse model and transgenic mouse lines with the reported point mutations in cTnI C-terminus. In this paper, we summarize our studies using these animal models from our laboratory and the other in vitro studies using reconstituted filament and cultured cells. The potential mechanisms underlying diastolic dysfunction and heart failure caused by these cTnI C-terminal mutations are discussed as well. Furthermore, calcium desensitizing in correction of impaired relaxation in myocardial cells due to cTnI mutations is discussed. Finally, we describe a model of translational study, i.e., from bedside to bench and from bench to bedside. These studies may enrich our understanding of the mechanism underlying inherited cardiomyopathies and provide the clues to search for target-oriented medication aiming at the treatment of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Chongqing Medical University Children's Hospital Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Chongqing Medical University Children's Hospital Chongqing, China
| | - Daniel Pacciulli
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Jianquan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Bayannaoer City Hospital Bayannaoer, China
| | - Changlong Nan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Junjun Quan
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Chongqing Medical University Children's Hospital Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Chongqing Medical University Children's Hospital Chongqing, China
| | - Xupei Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL, USA
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Friedrich FW, Flenner F, Nasib M, Eschenhagen T, Carrier L. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Accelerates Relaxation and Ca 2+ Transient Decay and Desensitizes Myofilaments in Healthy and Mybpc3-Targeted Knock-in Cardiomyopathic Mice. Front Physiol 2016; 7:607. [PMID: 27994558 PMCID: PMC5136558 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac muscle disease with left ventricular hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction. Increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity could be the underlying cause of diastolic dysfunction. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCg), a catechin found in green tea, has been reported to decrease myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity in HCM models with troponin mutations. However, whether this is also the case for HCM-associated thick filament mutations is not known. Therefore, we evaluated whether EGCg affects the behavior of cardiomyocytes and myofilaments of an HCM mouse model carrying a gene mutation in cardiac myosin-binding protein C and exhibiting both increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and diastolic dysfunction. Methods and Results: Acute effects of EGCg were tested on fractional sarcomere shortening and Ca2+ transients in intact ventricular myocytes and on force-Ca2+ relationship of skinned ventricular muscle strips isolated from Mybpc3-targeted knock-in (KI) and wild-type (WT) mice. Fractional sarcomere shortening and Ca2+ transients were analyzed at 37°C under 1-Hz pacing in the absence or presence of EGCg (1.8 μM). At baseline and in the absence of Fura-2, KI cardiomyocytes displayed lower diastolic sarcomere length, higher fractional sarcomere shortening, longer time to peak shortening and time to 50% relengthening than WT cardiomyocytes. In WT and KI neither diastolic sarcomere length nor fractional sarcomere shortening were influenced by EGCg treatment, but relaxation time was reduced, to a greater extent in KI cells. EGCg shortened time to peak Ca2+ and Ca2+ transient decay in Fura-2-loaded WT and KI cardiomyocytes. EGCg did not influence phosphorylation of phospholamban. In skinned cardiac muscle strips, EGCg (30 μM) decreased Ca2+ sensitivity in both groups. Conclusion: EGCg hastened relaxation and Ca2+ transient decay to a larger extent in KI than in WT cardiomyocytes. This effect could be partially explained by myofilament Ca2+ desensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix W Friedrich
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Flenner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mahtab Nasib
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)Hamburg, Germany
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Hahn M, Baierle M, Charão MF, Bubols GB, Gravina FS, Zielinsky P, Arbo MD, Cristina Garcia S. Polyphenol-rich food general and on pregnancy effects: a review. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; 40:368-374. [DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2016.1212365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marla Hahn
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
| | - Marília Baierle
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
| | - Mariele F. Charão
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Toxicological Analysis Laboratory, Institute of Health Sciences, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil,
| | - Guilherme B. Bubols
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
| | - Fernanda S. Gravina
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
| | - Paulo Zielinsky
- Cardiology Institute, University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and
| | - Marcelo D. Arbo
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange Cristina Garcia
- Laboratory of Toxicology (LATOX), Department of Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences (PPGCF), Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Cardiology Institute, University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and
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Wang X, Zhang Z, Wu G, Nan C, Shen W, Hua Y, Huang X. Green tea extract catechin improves internal cardiac muscle relaxation in RCM mice. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:51. [PMID: 27353642 PMCID: PMC4924244 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0264-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diastolic dysfunction refers to an impaired relaxation and an abnormality in a heart's filling during diastole while left ventricular systolic function is preserved. Diastolic dysfunction is commonly observed in patients with primary hypertension, diabetes and cardiomyopathies such as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy or restrictive cardiomyopathy. We have generated a restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) mouse model with troponin mutations in the heart to mimic the human RCM patients carrying the same mutations. RESULTS In the present study, we have investigated the ventricular muscle internal dynamics and pressure developed during systole and diastole by inserting a micro-catheter into the left ventricle of the RCM mice with or without treatment of desensitizer green tea extracts catechins. Our results demonstrate that green tea catechin is able to correct diastolic dysfunction in RCM mainly by improving ventricular compliance and reducing the internal muscle rigidity caused by myofibril hypersensitivity to Ca(2+). CONCLUSION Green tea extract catechin is effective in correcting diastolic dysfunction and improving ventricular muscle intrinsic compliance in RCM caused by troponin mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Changlong Nan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Yimin Hua
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xupei Huang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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Thompson BR, Martindale J, Metzger JM. Sarcomere neutralization in inherited cardiomyopathy: small-molecule proof-of-concept to correct hyper-Ca2+-sensitive myofilaments. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H36-43. [PMID: 27199134 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00981.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The sarcomere is the functional unit of the heart. Alterations in sarcomere activation lead to disease states such as hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy (HCM/RCM). Mutations in many of the sarcomeric genes are causal for HCM/RCM. In most cases, these mutations result in increased Ca(2+) sensitivity of the sarcomere, giving rise to altered systolic and diastolic function. There is emerging evidence that small-molecule sarcomere neutralization is a potential therapeutic strategy for HCM/RCM. To pursue proof-of-concept, W7 was used here because of its well-known Ca(2+) desensitizer biochemical effects at the level of cardiac troponin C. Acute treatment of adult cardiac myocytes with W7 caused a dose-dependent (1-10 μM) decrease in contractility in a Ca(2+)-independent manner. Alkalosis was used as an in vitro experimental model of acquired heightened Ca(2+) sensitivity, resulting in increased live cell contractility and decreased baseline sarcomere length, which were rapidly corrected with W7. As an inherited cardiomyopathy model, R193H cardiac troponin I (cTnI) transgenic myocytes showed significant decreased baseline sarcomere length and slowed relaxation that were rapidly and dose-dependently corrected by W7. Langendorff whole heart pacing stress showed that R193H cTnI transgenic hearts had elevated end-diastolic pressures at all pacing frequencies compared with hearts from nontransgenic mice. Acute treatment with W7 rapidly restored end-diastolic pressures to normal values in R193H cTnI hearts, supporting a sarcomere intrinsic mechanism of dysfunction. The known off-target effects of W7 notwithstanding, these results provide further proof-of-concept that small-molecule-based sarcomere neutralization is a potential approach to remediate hyper-Ca(2+)-sensitive sarcomere function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R Thompson
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joshua Martindale
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Joseph M Metzger
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Poklar Ulrih N. Analytical techniques for the study of polyphenol–protein interactions. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 57:2144-2161. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1052040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Poklar Ulrih
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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35
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Warren CM, Karam CN, Wolska BM, Kobayashi T, de Tombe PP, Arteaga GM, Bos JM, Ackerman MJ, Solaro RJ. Green Tea Catechin Normalizes the Enhanced Ca2+ Sensitivity of Myofilaments Regulated by a Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Associated Mutation in Human Cardiac Troponin I (K206I). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:765-73. [PMID: 26553696 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disease characterized by thickening of ventricular walls and decreased left ventricular chamber volume. The majority of HCM-associated mutations are found in genes encoding sarcomere proteins. Herein, we set out to functionally characterize a novel HCM-associated mutation (K206I-TNNI3) and elucidate the mechanism of dysfunction at the level of myofilament proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS The male index case was diagnosed with HCM after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, which was followed by comprehensive clinical evaluation, transthoracic echocardiography, and clinical genetic testing. To determine molecular mechanism(s) of the mutant human cardiac troponin I (K206I), we tested the Ca(2+) dependence of thin filament-activated myosin-S1-ATPase activity in a reconstituted, regulated, actomyosin system comparing wild-type human troponin complex, 50% mix of K206I/wildtype, or 100% K206I. We also exchanged native troponin detergent extracted fibers with reconstituted troponin containing either wildtype or a 65% mix of K206I/wildtype and measured force generation. The Ca(2+) sensitivity of the myofilaments containing the K206I variant was significantly increased, and when treated with 20 µmol/L (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (green tea) was restored back to wild-type levels in ATPase and force measurements. The K206I mutation impairs the ability of the troponin I to inhibit ATPase activity in the absence of calcium-bound human cardiac troponin C. The ability of calcium-bound human cardiac troponin C to neutralize the inhibition of K206I was greater than with wild-type TnI. CONCLUSIONS Compromised interactions of K206I with actin and hcTnC may lead to impaired relaxation and HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M Warren
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Chehade N Karam
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Beata M Wolska
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Tomoyoshi Kobayashi
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Grace M Arteaga
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - J Martijn Bos
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - R John Solaro
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Cardiovascular Research (C.M.W., C.N.K., B.M.W., T.K., R.J.S.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (B.M.W.), University of Illinois at Chicago; Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL (P.P.d.T.); and Division of Pediatric Critical Care and Physiology, Department of Pediatrics (G.M.A.), Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory (J.M.B., M.J.A.), Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (J.M.B., M.J.A.), and Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine (M.J.A.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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Botten D, Fugallo G, Fraternali F, Molteni C. Structural Properties of Green Tea Catechins. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:12860-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Botten
- Physics
Department, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Fugallo
- Laboratoire
des Solides Irradiés, École Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall
Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Molteni
- Physics
Department, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
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37
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Effect of oil palm phenolics on gastrointestinal transit, contractility and motility in the rat. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Papadaki M, Vikhorev PG, Marston SB, Messer AE. Uncoupling of myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity from troponin I phosphorylation by mutations can be reversed by epigallocatechin-3-gallate. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:99-110. [PMID: 26109583 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart muscle contraction is regulated via the β-adrenergic response that leads to phosphorylation of Troponin I (TnI) at Ser22/23, which changes the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the cardiac myofilament. Mutations in thin filament proteins that cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and some mutations that cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) abolish the relationship between TnI phosphorylation and Ca(2+) sensitivity (uncoupling). Small molecule Ca(2+) sensitizers and Ca(2+) desensitizers that act upon troponin alter the Ca(2+) sensitivity of the thin filament, but their relationship with TnI phosphorylation has never been studied before. METHODS AND RESULTS Quantitative in vitro motility assay showed that 30 µM EMD57033 and 100 µM Bepridil increase Ca(2+) sensitivity of phosphorylated cardiac thin filaments by 3.1- and 2.8-fold, respectively. Additionally they uncoupled Ca(2+) sensitivity from TnI phosphorylation, mimicking the effect of HCM mutations. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) decreased Ca(2+) sensitivity of phosphorylated and unphosphorylated wild-type thin filaments equally (by 2.15 ± 0.45- and 2.80 ± 0.48-fold, respectively), retaining the coupling. Moreover, EGCG also reduced Ca(2+) sensitivity of phosphorylated but not unphosphorylated thin filaments containing DCM and HCM-causing mutations; thus, the dependence of Ca(2+) sensitivity upon TnI phosphorylation of uncoupled mutant thin filaments was restored in every case. In single mouse heart myofibrils, EGCG reduced Ca(2+) sensitivity of force and kACT and also preserved coupling. Myofibrils from the ACTC E361G (DCM) mouse were uncoupled; EGCG reduced Ca(2+) sensitivity more for phosphorylated than for unphosphorylated myofibrils, thus restoring coupling. CONCLUSION We conclude that it is possible to both mimic and reverse the pathological defects in troponin caused by cardiomyopathy mutations pharmacologically. Re-coupling by EGCG may be of potential therapeutic significance for treating cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papadaki
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Petr G Vikhorev
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Steven B Marston
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Andrew E Messer
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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Zhang L, Nan C, Chen Y, Tian J, Jean-Charles PY, Getfield C, Wang X, Huang X. Calcium desensitizer catechin reverses diastolic dysfunction in mice with restrictive cardiomyopathy. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 573:69-76. [PMID: 25813360 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction refers to an impaired relaxation and an abnormality in ventricular blood filling during diastole while systolic function is preserved. Cardiac myofibril hypersensitivity to Ca(2+) is a major factor that causes impaired relaxation of myocardial cells. The present study investigates the effect of the green tea extract catechins on myofibril calcium desensitization and restoration of diastolic function in a restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) mouse model with cardiac troponin mutations. Wild type (WT) and RCM mice were treated daily with catechin (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, EGCg, 50 mg/kg body weight) for 3 months. Echocardiography and cell based assays were performed to measure cardiac structure and flow-related variables including chamber dimensions, fraction shortening, trans-mitral flow patterns in the experimental mice. In addition, myocyte contractility and calcium dynamics were measured in WT and RCM cardiomyocytes treated in vitro with 5 μM EGCg. Our data indicated that RCM mice treated with EGCg showed an improved diastolic function while systolic function remained unchanged. At the cellular level, sarcomere relaxation and calcium decay were accelerated in RCM myocardial cells treated with EGCg. These results suggest that catechin is effective in reversing the impaired relaxation in RCM myocardial cells and rescuing the RCM mice with diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changlong Nan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Yuan Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pierre-Yves Jean-Charles
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Cecile Getfield
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA
| | - Xupei Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Biomedical Science, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Center for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
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40
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Tardiff JC, Carrier L, Bers DM, Poggesi C, Ferrantini C, Coppini R, Maier LS, Ashrafian H, Huke S, van der Velden J. Targets for therapy in sarcomeric cardiomyopathies. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 105:457-70. [PMID: 25634554 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, no compounds or interventions exist that treat or prevent sarcomeric cardiomyopathies. Established therapies currently improve the outcome, but novel therapies may be able to more fundamentally affect the disease process and course. Investigations of the pathomechanisms are generating molecular insights that can be useful for the design of novel specific drugs suitable for clinical use. As perturbations in the heart are stage-specific, proper timing of drug treatment is essential to prevent initiation and progression of cardiac disease in mutation carrier individuals. In this review, we emphasize potential novel therapies which may prevent, delay, or even reverse hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by sarcomeric gene mutations. These include corrections of genetic defects, altered sarcomere function, perturbations in intracellular ion homeostasis, and impaired myocardial energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jil C Tardiff
- Department of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 East Mabel Street, MRB 312, Tucson, AZ 85724-5217, USA
| | - Lucie Carrier
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Corrado Poggesi
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Applied Biophysics (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Applied Biophysics (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppini
- Center of Molecular Medicine and Applied Biophysics (CIMMBA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Lars S Maier
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin II, Universitätsklinikum, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Houman Ashrafian
- Experimental Therapeutics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sabine Huke
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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41
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Nonaka M, Morimoto S. Experimental models of inherited cardiomyopathy and its therapeutics. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:1245-1251. [PMID: 25548614 PMCID: PMC4278159 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i12.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy is a disease of myocardium categorized into three major forms, hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM) and restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM), which has recently been demonstrated to be a monogenic disease due to mutations in various proteins expressed in cardiomyocytes. Mutations in HCM and RCM typically increase the myofilament sensitivity to cytoplasmic Ca2+, leading to systolic hyperfunction and diastolic dysfunction. In contrast, mutations in DCM typically decrease the myofilament sensitivity to cytoplasmic Ca2+ and/or force generation/transmission, leading to systolic dysfunction. Creation of genetically-manipulated transgenic and knock-in animals expressing mutant proteins exogenously and endogenously, respectively, in their hearts provides valuable animal models to discover the molecular and cellular mechanisms for pathogenesis and promising therapeutic strategy in vivo. Recently, cardiomyocytes have been differentiated from patient’s induced pluripotent stem cells as a model of inherited cardiomyopathies in vitro. In this review, we provide overview of experimental models of cardiomyopathies with a focus on revealed molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms and potential therapeutics.
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42
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Messer AE, Marston SB. Investigating the role of uncoupling of troponin I phosphorylation from changes in myofibrillar Ca(2+)-sensitivity in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2014; 5:315. [PMID: 25202278 PMCID: PMC4142463 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Contraction in the mammalian heart is controlled by the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration as it is in all striated muscle, but the heart has an additional signaling system that comes into play to increase heart rate and cardiac output during exercise or stress. β-adrenergic stimulation of heart muscle cells leads to release of cyclic-AMP and the activation of protein kinase A which phosphorylates key proteins in the sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum and contractile apparatus. Troponin I (TnI) and Myosin Binding Protein C (MyBP-C) are the prime targets in the myofilaments. TnI phosphorylation lowers myofibrillar Ca(2+)-sensitivity and increases the speed of Ca(2+)-dissociation and relaxation (lusitropic effect). Recent studies have shown that this relationship between Ca(2+)-sensitivity and TnI phosphorylation may be unstable. In familial cardiomyopathies, both dilated and hypertrophic (DCM and HCM), a mutation in one of the proteins of the thin filament often results in the loss of the relationship (uncoupling) and blunting of the lusitropic response. For familial dilated cardiomyopathy in thin filament proteins it has been proposed that this uncoupling is causative of the phenotype. Uncoupling has also been found in human heart tissue from patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy as a secondary effect. Recently, it has been found that Ca(2+)-sensitizing drugs can promote uncoupling, whilst one Ca(2+)-desensitizing drug Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate (EGCG) can reverse uncoupling. We will discuss recent findings about the role of uncoupling in the development of cardiomyopathies and the molecular mechanism of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Messer
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
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43
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Fechner P, Bleher O, Ewald M, Freudenberger K, Furin D, Hilbig U, Kolarov F, Krieg K, Leidner L, Markovic G, Proll G, Pröll F, Rau S, Riedt J, Schwarz B, Weber P, Widmaier J. Size does matter! Label-free detection of small molecule-protein interaction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4033-51. [PMID: 24817356 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7834-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review is focused on methods for detecting small molecules and, in particular, the characterisation of their interaction with natural proteins (e.g. receptors, ion channels). Because there are intrinsic advantages to using label-free methods over labelled methods (e.g. fluorescence, radioactivity), this review only covers label-free techniques. We briefly discuss available techniques and their advantages and disadvantages, especially as related to investigating the interaction between small molecules and proteins. The reviewed techniques include well-known and widely used standard analytical methods (e.g. HPLC-MS, NMR, calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction), newer and more specialised analytical methods (e.g. biosensors), biological systems (e.g. cell lines and animal models), and in-silico approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fechner
- Biametrics GmbH, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076, Tübingen, Germany,
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44
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Botten D, Fugallo G, Fraternali F, Molteni C. A computational exploration of the interactions of the green tea polyphenol (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate with cardiac muscle troponin C. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70556. [PMID: 23923004 PMCID: PMC3726641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thanks to its polyphenols and phytochemicals, green tea is believed to have a number of health benefits, including protecting from heart disease, but its mechanism of action at the molecular level is still not understood. Here we explore, by means of atomistic simulations, how the most abundant of the green tea polyphenols, (-)-Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate (EGCg), interacts with the structural C terminal domain of cardiac muscle troponin C (cCTnC), a calcium binding protein that plays an important role in heart contractions. We find that EGCg favourably binds to the hydrophobic cleft of cCTnC consistently with solution NMR experiments. It also binds to cCTnC in the presence of the anchoring region of troponin I (cTnI(34-71)) at the interface between the E and H helices. This appears to affect the strength of the interaction between cCTnC and cTnI(34-71) and also counter-acts the effects of the Gly159Asp mutation, related to dilated cardiomyopathy. Our simulations support the picture that EGCg interacting with the C terminal domain of troponin C may help in regulating the calcium signalling either through competitive binding with the anchoring domain of cTnI or by affecting the interaction between cCTnC and cTnI(34-71).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Botten
- Physics Department, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giorgia Fugallo
- Physics Department, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Franca Fraternali
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carla Molteni
- Physics Department, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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45
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The green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits magnesium binding to the C-domain of cardiac troponin C. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2013; 34:107-13. [PMID: 23417789 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-013-9338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle contraction is activated via the single Ca(2+)-binding site (site II) in the N-domain of troponin C (cTnC). The two Ca(2+)/Mg(2+) binding sites in the C-domain of cTnC (sites III and IV) have been considered to play a purely structural role in anchoring cTnC to the thin filament. However, several recent discoveries suggest a possible role of this domain in contractile regulation. The green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCg), which binds specifically to the C-domain of cTnC, reduces cardiac myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity along with maximum force and acto-myosin ATPase activity. We have determined the effect of EGCg on Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) binding to the C-domain of cTnC. In the absence of Mg(2+) there was no significant effect of EGCg on the Ca(2+)-cTnC affinity. Surprisingly, in the presence of Mg(2+) EGCg caused an increase in Ca(2+) affinity for sites III and IV of cTnC. However, in the absence of Ca(2+) the addition of EGCg caused a significant reduction in Mg(2+)-cTnC affinity. This reduction is presumably responsible for the increase in Ca(2+)-cTnC affinity produced by EGCg in the presence of Mg(2+). We propose that the inhibitory effect of EGCg on myofilament Ca(2+) activation may be related to an enhanced Ca(2+)-Mg(2+)exchange at sites III and IV of cTnC, which might reduce the myosin crossbridge dependent component of thin filament activation.
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46
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Lassalle MW. Expression and assembly of active human cardiac troponin in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2012; 87:61-6. [PMID: 23116770 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyopathy-related mutations in human cardiac troponin subunits, including troponin C (hcTnC), troponin I (hcTnI), and troponin T (hcTnT), are well-documented. Recently, it has been recognised that human cardiac troponin (hcTn) is a sophisticated allosteric system. Therefore, the effect of drugs on this protein complex should be studied with assembled hcTn rather than a short fragment of a subunit or the subunit itself. Here, we describe the expression and assembly of active hcTn in Escherichia coli, a novel method that is rapid and simple, and produces large amounts of functional hcTn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Lassalle
- Senior Research Fellow Center, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
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47
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Wu AZY, Loh SH, Cheng TH, Lu HH, Lin CI. Antiarrhythmic effects of (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, a novel sodium channel agonist in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:69-80. [PMID: 23116965 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(-)-Epicatechin-3-gallate (ECG), a polyphenol extracted from green tea, has been proposed as an effective compound for improving cardiac contractility. However, the therapeutic potential of ECG on the treatment of arrhythmia remains unknown. We investigated the direct actions of ECG on the modulation of ion currents and cardiac cell excitability in the primary culture of neonatal rat ventricular myocyte (NRVM), which is considered a hypertrophic model for analysis of myocardial arrhythmias. By using the whole-cell patch-clamp configurations, we found ECG enhanced the slowly inactivating component of voltage-gated Na(+) currents (I(Na)) in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1-100 μM) with an EC(50) value of 3.8 μM. ECG not only shifted the current-voltage relationship of peak I(Na) to the hyperpolarizing direction but also accelerated I(Na) recovery kinetics. Working at a concentration level of I(Na) enhancement, ECG has no notable effect on voltage-gated K(+) currents and L-type Ca(2+) currents. With culture time increment, the firing rate of spontaneous action potential (sAP) in NRVMs was gradually decreased until spontaneous early after-depolarization (EAD) was observed after about one week culture. ECG increased the firing rate of normal sAP about two-fold without waveform alteration. Interestingly, the bradycardia-dependent EAD could be significantly restored by ECG in fast firing rate to normal sAP waveform. The expression of dominant cardiac sodium channel subunit, Nav1.5, was consistently detected throughout the culture periods. Our results reveal how ECG, the novel I(Na) agonist, may act as a promising candidate in clinical applications on cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Zhi-Yang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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48
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Insights into restrictive cardiomyopathy from clinical and animal studies. J Geriatr Cardiol 2012; 8:168-83. [PMID: 22783303 PMCID: PMC3390071 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1263.2011.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies are diseases that primarily affect the myocardium, leading to serious cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. Out of the three major categories of cardiomyopathies (hypertrophic, dilated and restrictive), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is less common and also the least studied. However, the prognosis for RCM is poor as some patients dying in their childhood. The molecular mechanisms behind the disease development and progression are not very clear and the treatment of RCM is very difficult and often ineffective. In this article, we reviewed the recent progress in RCM research from the clinical studies and the translational studies done on diseased transgenic animal models. This will help for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the etiology and development of RCM and for the design of better treatments for the disease.
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49
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Feng W, Hwang HS, Kryshtal DO, Yang T, Padilla IT, Tiwary AK, Puschner B, Pessah IN, Knollmann BC. Coordinated regulation of murine cardiomyocyte contractility by nanomolar (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, the major green tea catechin. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 82:993-1000. [PMID: 22918967 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.079707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Green tea polyphenolic catechins exhibit biological activity in a wide variety of cell types. Although reports in the lay and scientific literature suggest therapeutic potential for improving cardiovascular health, the underlying molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear. Previous studies have implicated a wide range of molecular targets in cardiac muscle for the major green tea catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), but effects were observed only at micromolar concentrations of unclear clinical relevance. Here, we report that nanomolar concentrations of EGCG significantly enhance contractility of intact murine myocytes by increasing electrically evoked Ca(2+) transients, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+) content, and ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) channel open probability. Voltage-clamp experiments demonstrate that 10 nM EGCG significantly inhibits the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger. Of importance, other Na(+) and Ca(2+) handling proteins such as Ca(2+)-ATPase, Na(+)-H(+) exchanger, and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase were not affected by EGCG ≤ 1 μM. Thus, nanomolar EGCG increases contractility in intact myocytes by coordinately modulating SR Ca(2+) loading, RyR2-mediated Ca(2+) release, and Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchange. Inhibition of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity probably contributes to the positive inotropic effects observed at EGCG concentrations >1 μM. These newly recognized actions of nanomolar and micromolar EGCG should be considered when the therapeutic and toxicological potential of green tea supplementation is evaluated and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for improving contractile function in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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50
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Speight RE, Cooper MA. A Survey of the 2010 Quartz Crystal Microbalance Literature. J Mol Recognit 2012; 25:451-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Speight
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; St. Lucia; Brisbane; 4072; Australia
| | - Matthew A. Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience; The University of Queensland; St. Lucia; Brisbane; 4072; Australia
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