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Lee ARYB, Yau CE, Chua CKT, Cheng WL, Chia AJL, Wong SY, Kow NY, Gong L, Lee BTK, Ling LH, Mak A, Loh TP, Tay SH. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol subfraction HDL2 is associated with improved endothelial function in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2024; 11:e001030. [PMID: 38262630 PMCID: PMC10806503 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have increased risk of premature atherosclerosis but the exact mechanisms remains unclear. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) is an established non-invasive assessment of vascular endothelial function. Lipoprotein subfractions may be better predictors of FMD than conventional cholesterol measurements. We tested the hypothesis that lipoprotein subfractions are independently associated with FMD. METHODS Forty-one consecutive adult patients with SLE without known cardiovascular risk factors or disease were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Endothelial function and early atherosclerosis were assessed by brachial FMD and common carotid artery (CCA) intima-media thickness (IMT). High-density lipoprotein (HDL)/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions were measured. Machine learning models were also constructed to predict FMD and CCA IMT. RESULTS Median FMD was 4.48% (IQR 5.00%) while median IMT was 0.54 mm (IQR 0.12 mm). Univariate analysis showed lower LDL1 (r=-0.313, p<0.05) and higher HDL2 subfractions (r=0.313, p<0.05) were significantly associated with higher log-transformed FMD. In a multiple linear regression model, HDL2 (β=0.024, SE=0.012, p<0.05) remained an independent predictor of higher FMD after adjusting for age, body mass index, LDL1 and systolic blood pressure. The machine learning model included parameters such as HDL2 (positive association), prednisolone dose, LDL cholesterol and LDL1 for prediction of FMD (r=0.433, p<0.01). Age, LDL cholesterol and systolic blood pressure were independently associated with higher CCA IMT after adjusting for body mass index and HDL2. CONCLUSIONS HDL 2, a large HDL particle, was independently associated with greater FMD and may be a biomarker of vascular health in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun En Yau
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheryl Kai Ting Chua
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Wan Ling Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - Shi Yin Wong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nien Yee Kow
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingli Gong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernett Teck Kwong Lee
- Centre for Biomedical Informatics, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Anselm Mak
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Tze Ping Loh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Sen Hee Tay
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Kamiński M, Mierzyński R, Poniedziałek-Czajkowska E, Sadowska A, Sotowski M, Leszczyńska-Gorzelak B. Comparative Evaluation of Adipokine Metrics for the Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:175. [PMID: 38203346 PMCID: PMC10778639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common medical disorders in pregnancy. Adipokines, predominantly secreted by adipose tissue, are involved in numerous metabolic processes. The exact role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of GDM is still not well known, and numerous adipokines have been analysed throughout pregnancy and proposed as biomarkers of GDM. This study aimed to evaluate serum adiponectin, chemerin, lipocalin and apelin levels in GDM and non-GDM women, to assess them as clinically useful biomarkers of the occurrence of GDM and to demonstrate the correlation between the levels of the above adipokines in the blood serum and the increased risk of the development of GDM. The role of these adipokines in the pathogenesis of GDM was also analysed. The statistically significant differences between the levels of adiponectin (7234.6 vs. 9837.5 ng/mL, p < 0.0001), chemerin (264.0 vs. 206.7 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) and lipocalin (39.5 vs. 19.4 ng/mL, p < 0.0001) were observed between pregnant women with GDM and healthy ones. The diagnostic usefulness of the tested adipokines in detecting GDM was also assessed. The research results confirm the hypothesis on the significance of adiponectin, chemerin, lipocalin and apelin in the pathophysiological mechanisms of GDM. We speculate that these adipokines could potentially be established as novel biomarkers for the prediction and early diagnosis of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radzisław Mierzyński
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (B.L.-G.)
| | - Elżbieta Poniedziałek-Czajkowska
- Chair and Department of Obstetrics and Perinatology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.K.); (A.S.); (M.S.); (B.L.-G.)
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3
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Schinzari F, Vizioli G, Campia U, Cardillo C, Tesauro M. Variable dysregulation of circulating lipocalin-2 in different obese phenotypes: Association with vasodilator dysfunction. Vasc Med 2023; 28:266-273. [PMID: 37036109 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x231161657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is linked with heightened cardiovascular risk, especially when accompanied by metabolic abnormalities. Lipocalin (LCN) 2 and retinol-binding protein (RBP) 4, two members of the lipocalin family, may be upregulated in insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. We analyzed whether changes in circulating LCN2 and RBP4 in obese individuals relate with impaired vasodilator reactivity, an early stage in atherosclerosis. METHODS Obese individuals (n = 165), without (n = 48) or with (n = 117) metabolic abnormalities, and lean subjects (n = 42) participated in this study. LCN2 and RBP4 were measured by Luminex assay. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilation to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, was assessed by strain-gauge plethysmography. RESULTS Circulating LCN2 was higher in obese than in lean subjects (p < 0.001), whereas RBP4 was not different between the two groups (p = 0.12). The vasodilator responses to both acetylcholine and nitroprusside were impaired in obese individuals (p < 0.001 vs lean subjects), with no difference between those with metabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity (p > 0.05). In the whole population, vasodilator responses to acetylcholine (R = 0.23, p = 0.01) and nitroprusside (R = 0.38, p < 0.001) had an inverse, linear relationship with circulating LCN2; no correlation, by contrast, was observed between circulating RBP4 and vasodilator reactivity (both p > 0.05). In a subgroup of obese patients with diabetes (n = 20), treatment with metformin (n = 10) or pioglitazone (n = 10) did not modify circulating LCN2 and RBP4 or vascular reactivity (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Circulating LCN2, but not RBP4, is higher in obese than in lean individuals. Interestingly, changes in LCN2 inversely relate to those in vasodilator function, thereby making this protein a potential biomarker for risk stratification in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppina Vizioli
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Umberto Campia
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Department of Aging, Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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Romejko K, Markowska M, Niemczyk S. The Review of Current Knowledge on Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10470. [PMID: 37445650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a 25-kDa protein that is secreted mostly by immune cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Its production is stimulated in response to inflammation. The concentrations of NGAL can be measured in plasma, urine, and biological fluids such as peritoneal effluent. NGAL is known mainly as a biomarker of acute kidney injury and is released after tubular damage and during renal regeneration processes. NGAL is also elevated in chronic kidney disease and dialysis patients. It may play a role as a predictor of the progression of renal function decreases with complications and mortality due to kidney failure. NGAL is also useful in the diagnostic processes of cardiovascular diseases. It is highly expressed in injured heart tissue and atherosclerostic plaque; its serum concentrations correlate with the severity of heart failure and coronary artery disease. NGAL increases inflammatory states and its levels rise in arterial hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and metabolic complications such as insulin resistance, and is also involved in carcinogenesis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on NGAL and its involvement in different pathologies, especially its role in renal and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Romejko
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Markowska
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Niemczyk
- Department of Internal Diseases, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine-National Research Institute, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
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Koueik J, Wesley UV, Dempsey RJ. Pathophysiology, cellular and molecular mechanisms of large and small vessel diseases. Neurochem Int 2023; 164:105499. [PMID: 36746322 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is the second most common cause of cognitive impairment and dementia in aged population. CVD presents in a myriad number of clinical ways based on the functional location of pathology. While primary clinical emphasis has been placed on motor, speech and visual deficits, vascular cognitive decline is a vastly under recognized and devastating condition afflicting millions of Americans. CVD, a disease of the blood vessels that supply blood to brain involves an integration between small and large vessels. Cerebral large vessel diseases (LVD) are associated with atherosclerosis, artery-to-artery embolism, intracardiac embolism and a large vessel stroke leading to substantial functional disability. Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is critically involved in stroke, brain hemorrhages, cognitive decline and functional loss in elderly patients. An evolving understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms emphasizes that inflammatory vascular changes contribute to systemic pathologic conditions of the central nervous systems (CNS), with specific clinical presentations including, cognitive decline. Advances in an understanding of pathophysiology of disease processes and therapeutic interventions may help improve outcomes. This review will focus on large and small vessels diseases and their relationship to vascular cognitive decline, atherosclerosis, stroke, and inflammatory neurodegeneration. We will also emphasize the molecular and cellular mechanisms, as well as genetic and epigenetic factors associated with LVD and SVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Koueik
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Umadevi V Wesley
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Robert J Dempsey
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Zhu J, Jiang S, Jiang X, Luo K, Huang X, Hua F. Association Of Blood Lipocalin-2 Levels with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Horm Metab Res 2022; 54:677-685. [PMID: 36206761 PMCID: PMC9546583 DOI: 10.1055/a-1909-1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is becoming recognized as a pleiotropic mediator of metabolic disorders. However, the relationship between LCN2 and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is not well understood. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore it. A systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wan-fang Database was done for relevant articles published up to September 29, 2021. Standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) was calculated to explore the association of LCN2 levels with GDM using Revman 5.3 and Stata 15.1. Fifteen case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. The patients with GDM had significantly higher levels of blood LCN2 than parturients with normal glucose tolerance (SMD=3.41, 95% CI=2.24 to 4.58). Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were conducted to investigate the source of heterogeneity. Likely sources of heterogeneity were age and testing methods. This study found that GDM showed higher blood LCN2 levels than controls. However, caution is warranted on the interpretation of these findings. Standardized LCN2 measurement methods and longitudinal studies are required to disentangle and better understand the relationships observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Changzhou, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhejiang University School of
Medicine First Affiliated Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical
Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Changzhou, China
| | - Kaiming Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Changzhou, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Department of Endocrinology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow
University, Changzhou, China
- Correspondence Dr. Fei Hua Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of EndocrinologyChangzhouChina+86 051968870000
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Wei K, Song G, Xi L, Chen J, Sun C, Chen P, Wei Y, Wang L, Kong X, Li Y, Xu D, Jia X. Association of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and thoracic aorta calcification in maintenance hemodialysis patients with and without diabetes. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:156. [PMID: 35459121 PMCID: PMC9026670 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02773-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is not only a bone-derived factor involved in metabolism, but also a biomarker of kidney disease and cardiovascular pathophysiology. We conducted this cross-sectional observational study to explore relationships between plasma NGAL and thoracic aorta calcification (TAC) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with and without diabetes. Methods Plasma NGAL was measured by ELISA, TAC was evaluated via computed tomography scan using a 3D quantification method or chest radiography aortic arch calcification score. Spearman correlation, Logistic regression and Partial correlation analysis were used to describe the correlations between NGAL and TAC. Results Plasma NGAL levels were lower in MHD patients with diabetes compared to those without diabetes (49.33(42.37, 55.48) vs 56.78(44.37, 674.13) ng/mL, P = 0.026). In MHD patients without diabetes, lg (NGAL) was positively correlated with ARC value(R = 0.612, P = 0.003) analyzed by Spearman correlation; for partial correlation analysis, lg (NGAL) was positively correlated with ARC value, after adjusting for age and sex (R = 0.550, P = 0.015), adjusting for age, sex and CHD (R = 0.565, P = 0.015), adjusting for age, sex, CHD and Alb (R = 0.536, P = 0.027), or adjusting for age, sex, CHD, Alb, and dialyzer membrane (polysulfone) (R = 0.590, P = 0.016); however, when adjusting for age, sex, CHD, Alb and Ca, the correlation between lg (NGAL) and ARC value disappeared. Positive correlation were found between NGAL and Ca (R = 0.644, P < 0.001), Ca and ACR (R = 0.534, P = 0.013) in Spearman coefficient analysis. Conclusion There were positive correlations among plasma NGAL, serum Ca and ARC in MHD patients without diabetes; which suggests that NGAL is possibly a participant in cardiovascular calcification, in non-diabetic MHD. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02773-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Insititute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Gesheng Song
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), Jinan, China
| | - Linhe Xi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstruction, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), Jinan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Insititute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Chuancai Sun
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Insititute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Insititute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Insititute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Insititute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Insititute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Insititute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.,Shandong Provincial Insititute of Nephrology, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jia
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital), No.16766, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China. .,Shandong Provincial Insititute of Nephrology, Jinan, China.
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8
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Dekens DW, Eisel ULM, Gouweleeuw L, Schoemaker RG, De Deyn PP, Naudé PJW. Lipocalin 2 as a link between ageing, risk factor conditions and age-related brain diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 70:101414. [PMID: 34325073 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chronic (neuro)inflammation plays an important role in many age-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia. Inflammation also characterizes many conditions that form a risk factor for these CNS disorders, such as physical inactivity, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is an inflammatory protein shown to be involved in different age-related CNS diseases, as well as risk factor conditions thereof. Lcn2 expression is increased in the periphery and the brain in different age-related CNS diseases and also their risk factor conditions. Experimental studies indicate that Lcn2 contributes to various neuropathophysiological processes of age-related CNS diseases, including exacerbated neuroinflammation, cell death and iron dysregulation, which may negatively impact cognitive function. We hypothesize that increased Lcn2 levels as a result of age-related risk factor conditions may sensitize the brain and increase the risk to develop age-related CNS diseases. In this review we first provide a comprehensive overview of the known functions of Lcn2, and its effects in the CNS. Subsequently, this review explores Lcn2 as a potential (neuro)inflammatory link between different risk factor conditions and the development of age-related CNS disorders. Altogether, evidence convincingly indicates Lcn2 as a key constituent in ageing and age-related brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doortje W Dekens
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich L M Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leonie Gouweleeuw
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Regien G Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Biobank, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Petrus J W Naudé
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health and Neuroscience Institute, Brain Behaviour Unit, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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9
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El Mulla KF, El Abd A, Donia HM, Hussein RM, Eid AA. Serum lipocalin-2 and carotid artery intima-media thickness in relation to obesity in eugonadal males over forty with venogenic erectile dysfunction. Andrologia 2021; 53:e14127. [PMID: 34051118 DOI: 10.1111/and.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for erectile dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Lipocalin-2 is an adipocytokine with proinflammatory properties involved in several disorders with metabolic alterations. Our aim was to study the relation of serum lipocalin-2 and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT) to obesity in erectile dysfunction. Serum lipocalin-2 and CIMT were measured in 25 obese and 25 nonobese eugonadal patients over forty with venogenic erectile dysfunction and 25 healthy controls. Their relation to different patient- and disease-related parameters was studied. Results revealed lipocalin-2 to be significantly higher in obese compared with nonobese patients and with controls, and in nonobese patients compared with controls. CIMT was lower in controls compared with both obese and nonobese patients. In obese and nonobese patients, lipocalin-2 was positively correlated with disease duration, body mass index, waist circumference and end-diastolic velocity. Lipocalin-2 was negatively correlated with the short form of the international index of erectile function scores in both groups. In conclusion, the elevated lipocalin-2 in obese and to a lesser extent in nonobese patients and its association with disease severity points to its potential value as a diagnostic marker and a possible therapeutic target that could ameliorate the metabolic derangement associated with erectile dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Fawzy El Mulla
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amr El Abd
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Intervention, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Mahmoud Donia
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reham Magdy Hussein
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Abulfotooh Eid
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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10
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Chen M, Li Y, Huang X, Gu Y, Li S, Yin P, Zhang L, Tang P. Skeleton-vasculature chain reaction: a novel insight into the mystery of homeostasis. Bone Res 2021; 9:21. [PMID: 33753717 PMCID: PMC7985324 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-021-00138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis and osteogenesis are coupled. However, the cellular and molecular regulation of these processes remains to be further investigated. Both tissues have recently been recognized as endocrine organs, which has stimulated research interest in the screening and functional identification of novel paracrine factors from both tissues. This review aims to elaborate on the novelty and significance of endocrine regulatory loops between bone and the vasculature. In addition, research progress related to the bone vasculature, vessel-related skeletal diseases, pathological conditions, and angiogenesis-targeted therapeutic strategies are also summarized. With respect to future perspectives, new techniques such as single-cell sequencing, which can be used to show the cellular diversity and plasticity of both tissues, are facilitating progress in this field. Moreover, extracellular vesicle-mediated nuclear acid communication deserves further investigation. In conclusion, a deeper understanding of the cellular and molecular regulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis coupling may offer an opportunity to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Pengbin Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing, China.
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11
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Sabaratnam R, Svenningsen P. Adipocyte-Endothelium Crosstalk in Obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681290. [PMID: 34456860 PMCID: PMC8387580 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by pathological adipose tissue (AT) expansion. While healthy AT expansion enhances systemic insulin sensitivity, unhealthy AT expansion through increased adipocyte size is associated with insulin resistance, fibrosis, hypoxia, and reduced adipose-derived adiponectin secretion. The mechanisms causing the unhealthy AT expansion are not fully elucidated; yet, dysregulated crosstalk between cells within the AT is an important contributor. Evidence from animal and human studies suggests a crucial role of the crosstalk between vascular endothelium (the innermost cell type in blood vessels) and adipocytes for metabolic homeostasis. Arterial endothelial cells are directly involved in maintaining normal organ functions through local blood flow regulation. The endothelial-dependent regulation of blood flow in AT is hampered in obesity, which negatively affects the adipocyte. Moreover, endothelial cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) that target adipocytes in vivo. The endothelial EVs secretion is hampered in obesity and may be affected by the adipocyte-derived adipokine adiponectin. Adiponectin targets the vascular endothelium, eliciting organ-protective functions through binding to T-cadherin. The reduced obesity-induced adiponectin binding of T-cadherin reduces endothelial EV secretion. This affects endothelial health and cell-cell communication between AT cells and distant organs, influencing systemic energy homeostasis. This review focuses on the current understanding of endothelial and adipocyte crosstalk. We will discuss how obesity changes the AT environment and how these changes contribute to obesity-associated metabolic disease in humans. Particularly, we will describe and discuss the EV-dependent communication and regulation between adipocytes, adiponectin, and the endothelial cells regulating systemic energy homeostasis in health and metabolic disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Per Svenningsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular and Renal Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Per Svenningsen,
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12
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Li D, Li H, Bauer C, Hu Y, Lewis JR, Xu A, Levinger I, Wang Y. Lipocalin-2 Variants and Their Relationship With Cardio-Renal Risk Factors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:781763. [PMID: 34938273 PMCID: PMC8685543 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.781763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the serum, plasma and urine levels of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) variants in healthy humans and their associations with risk factors for cardiometabolic (CMD) and chronic kidney (CKD) diseases. METHODS Fifty-nine males and 41 females participated in the study. Blood and urine were collected following an overnight fasting. LCN2 variants were analyzed using validated in-house ELISA kits. Heart rate, blood pressure, lipids profile, glucose, adiponectin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), creatinine, cystatin C, and biomarkers for kidney function were assessed. RESULTS The levels of hLcn2, C87A and R81E in serum and urine, but not plasma, were significantly higher in men than women. Increased levels of LCN2 variants, as well as their relative ratios, in serum and plasma were positively associated with body mass index, blood pressure, triglyceride and hsCRP (P<0.05). No significant correlations were found between these measures and hLcn2, C87A or R81E in urine. However, LCN2 variants in urine, but not plasma or serum, were correlated with biomarkers of kidney function (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Both the serum and plasma levels of LCN2 variants, as well as their ratios are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk, whereas those in urine are correlated with renal dysfunction. LCN2 variants represent promising biomarkers for CMD and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Haoyun Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Carlie Bauer
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joshua R. Lewis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children’s Hospital at Westmead, School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, University of Melbourne, Western Health, St. Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yu Wang,
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13
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Zhang P, Konja D, Wang Y. Adipose tissue secretory profile and cardiometabolic risk in obesity. ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endmts.2020.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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14
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Ong KL, Wu L, Januszewski AS, O'Connell RL, Xu A, Rye KA, Ma RCW, Li H, Jenkins AJ, Jia W, Keech AC. Relationships of adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein and lipocalin 2 with risk factors and chronic complications in type 2 diabetes and effects of fenofibrate: A fenofibrate Intervention and event lowering in diabetes sub-study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 169:108450. [PMID: 32949655 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate determinants of circulating levels of adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (A-FABP) and lipocalin-2 (LCN2), their relationships with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and microvascular events, and effects of fenofibrate in type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS A-FABP and LCN2 were quantified in baseline plasma from 2000 T2D adults in a Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes (FIELD) trial sub-study and correlates thereof determined. In a subset (n = 200) adipokines were also measured on-trial. RESULTS Female sex, older age, higher body mass index (BMI), HbA1c, insulin resistance index, triglycerides, plasma creatinine and homocysteine, shorter diabetes duration, and use of oral hypoglycaemic agents alone were independent determinants of higher A-FABP. Higher BMI, fibrinogen and homocysteine, Caucasian race, and lower fasting glucose, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-II and estimated glomerular filtration rate were independent predictors of higher LCN2 levels. Baseline A-FABP and LCN2 levels were associated with multiple new CVD and microvascular events over 5-years, though significance was lost after risk factor adjustment. Fenofibrate increased A-FABP but did not change LCN2 levels. CONCLUSIONS Baseline plasma A-FABP and LCN2 levels were associated with concurrent CVD risk factors, and on-trial chronic complications, likely mediated via traditional risk factors. Fenofibrate increased A-FABP modestly but did not affect LCN2 levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN 64783481.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwok-Leung Ong
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Liang Wu
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Rachel L O'Connell
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- Lipid Research Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ronald C W Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Huating Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Alicia J Jenkins
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Weiping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Clinical Center of Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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15
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Bar A, Kieronska-Rudek A, Proniewski B, Suraj-Prażmowska J, Czamara K, Marczyk B, Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda K, Jasztal A, Kuś E, Majka Z, Kaczor A, Kurpińska A, Walczak M, Pieterman EJ, Princen HMG, Chlopicki S. In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Detection of Heterogeneous Endothelial Response in Thoracic and Abdominal Aorta to Short-Term High-Fat Diet Ascribed to Differences in Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e016929. [PMID: 33073641 PMCID: PMC7763398 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.016929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Long-term feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) induces endothelial dysfunction in mice, but early HFD-induced effects on endothelium have not been well characterized. Methods and Results Using an magnetic resonance imaging-based methodology that allows characterization of endothelial function in vivo, we demonstrated that short-term (2 weeks) feeding with a HFD to C57BL/6 mice or to E3L.CETP mice resulted in the impairment of acetylcholine-induced response in the abdominal aorta (AA), whereas, in the thoracic aorta (TA), the acetylcholine-induced response was largely preserved. Similarly, HFD resulted in arterial stiffness in the AA, but not in the TA. The difference in HFD-induced response was ascribed to distinct characteristics of perivascular adipose tissue in the TA and AA, related to brown- and white-like adipose tissue, respectively, as assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and Raman spectroscopy. In contrast, short-term HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction could not be linked to systemic insulin resistance, changes in plasma concentration of nitrite, or concentration of biomarkers of glycocalyx disruption (syndecan-1 and endocan), endothelial inflammation (soluble form of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble form of E-selectin), endothelial permeability (soluble form of fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and angiopoietin 2), and hemostasis (tissue plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1). Conclusions Short-term feeding with a HFD induces endothelial dysfunction in the AA but not in the TA, which could be ascribed to a differential response of perivascular adipose tissue to a HFD in the AA versus TA. Importantly, early endothelial dysfunction in the AA is not linked to elevation of classical systemic biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bar
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Kieronska-Rudek
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Bartosz Proniewski
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Joanna Suraj-Prażmowska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair and Department of Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Brygida Marczyk
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Karolina Matyjaszczyk-Gwarda
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair and Department of Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Jasztal
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Edyta Kuś
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Zuzanna Majka
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Anna Kurpińska
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Maria Walczak
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair and Department of Toxicology Faculty of Pharmacy Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
| | - Elsbet J Pieterman
- Metabolic Health Research Gaubius Laboratory The Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Hans M G Princen
- Metabolic Health Research Gaubius Laboratory The Netherlands Organisation of Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET) Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland.,Chair of Pharmacology Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland
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16
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The role of neutrophils in innate immunity-driven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: lessons learned and future promise. Hepatol Int 2020; 14:652-666. [PMID: 32880077 DOI: 10.1007/s12072-020-10081-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The enrichment of innate immune cells and the enhanced inflammation represent the hallmark of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the advanced subtype with a significantly increased risk of progression to end-stage liver diseases within the spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Neutrophils are traditionally recognized as key components in the innate immune system to defend against pathogens. Recently, a growing body of evidence supports neutrophils as emerging key player in mediating the transition from steatosis to NASH, which is largely inspired by the histological findings in human liver biopsy indicating the enhanced infiltration of neutrophils as one of the key histological features of NASH. In this review, we discuss data regarding histological perspectives of hepatic infiltration of neutrophils in NASH. We also highlight the pathophysiological role of neutrophils in promoting metabolic inflammation in the liver through the release of a vast array of granule proteins, the interaction with other pro-inflammatory immune cells, and the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Neutrophil granule proteins possess pleiotropic effects on regulating neutrophil biology and functions. A variety of granule proteins (including lipocalin-2, myeloperoxidase, proteinase 3, neutrophil elastase, etc.) produced by neutrophils enhance liver metabolic inflammation, thereby promoting NASH progression by mediating neutrophil-macrophage interaction. Therapeutically, pharmacological inhibitors targeting neutrophil granule proteins hold promise to combat NASH. In addition, this article also summarizes potentials of neutrophils and its derived various granule proteins for the accurate, even non-invasive diagnosis of NASH.
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17
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Singh V, Galla S, Golonka RM, Patterson AD, Chassaing B, Joe B, Vijay-Kumar M. Lipocalin 2 deficiency-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis evokes metabolic syndrome in aged mice. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:314-321. [PMID: 32628083 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00118.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is a multifunctional innate immune protein that limits microbial overgrowth. Our previous study demonstrated that the gut microbiota directly induces intestinal Lcn2 production, and Lcn2-deficient (Lcn2-/-) mice exhibit gut dysbiosis. Coincidentally, gut dysbiosis is associated with metabolic syndrome pathogenesis, and elevated Lcn2 levels has been considered a potential clinical biomarker of metabolic syndrome. Yet whether Lcn2 mitigates or exacerbates metabolic syndrome remains inconclusive. Our objective was to determine whether Lcn2 deficiency-induced compositional changes in gut microbiota contribute to gain in adiposity in aged mice. Utilizing Lcn2-/- mice and their wild-type (WT) littermates, we measured metabolic markers, including fasting blood glucose, serum lipids, fat pad weight, and insulin resistance at ages 3, 6, and 9 mo old. Relative to WT mice, aged Lcn2-/- mice exhibited a gain in adiposity associated with numerous features of metabolic syndrome, including insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Surprisingly, supplementation with a high-fat diet did not further aggravate metabolic syndrome that spontaneously occurs in Lcn2-/- mice by 6 mo of age. Interestingly, chow-fed Lcn2-/- mice displayed marked differences in the bacterial abundance and metabolomic profile of the gut microbiota compared with WT mice. Overall, our results demonstrate that Lcn2 is essential to maintain metabolic and gut microbiotal homeostasis, where deficiency induces spontaneous delayed onset of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Singh
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Galla
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Rachel M Golonka
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bina Joe
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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18
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Lin X, Onda DA, Yang CH, Lewis JR, Levinger I, Loh K. Roles of bone-derived hormones in type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular pathophysiology. Mol Metab 2020; 40:101040. [PMID: 32544571 PMCID: PMC7348059 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence demonstrates that bone is an endocrine organ capable of influencing multiple physiological and pathological processes through the secretion of hormones. Recent research suggests complex crosstalk between the bone and other metabolic and cardiovascular tissues. It was uncovered that three of these bone-derived hormones—osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and sclerostin—are involved in the endocrine regulations of cardiometabolic health and play vital roles in the pathophysiological process of developing cardiometabolic syndromes such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation is one of the hallmarks of cardiometabolic diseases and a major contributor to disease progression. Novel evidence also implicates important roles of bone-derived hormones in the regulation of chronic inflammation. Scope of review In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the physiological and pathological roles of osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and sclerostin in cardiometabolic health regulation and disease development, with a focus on the modulation of chronic inflammation. Major conclusions Evidence supports that osteocalcin has a protective role in cardiometabolic health, and an increase of lipocalin 2 contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases partly via pro-inflammatory effects. The roles of sclerostin appear to be complicated: It exerts pro-adiposity and pro-insulin resistance effects in type 2 diabetes and has an anti-calcification effect during cardiovascular disease. A better understanding of the actions of these bone-derived hormones in the pathophysiology of cardiometabolic diseases will provide crucial insights to help further research develop new therapeutic strategies to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhu Lin
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia.
| | - Danise-Ann Onda
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Chieh-Hsin Yang
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Footscray, VIC, Australia; Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia
| | - Kim Loh
- St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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19
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Deficiency of T-type voltage-gated calcium channels results in attenuated weight gain and improved endothelium-dependent dilatation of resistance vessels induced by a high-fat diet in mice. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 76:135-145. [PMID: 32016773 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00728-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The deletion of T-type Cav3.1 channels may reduce high-fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain, which correlates positively with obesity and endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, experiments were designed to study the involvement of T-type Cav3.1 channels in HFD-induced endothelial dysfunction in mice. Wildtype (WT) and Cav3.1-/- mice were fed either a normal diet (ND) or an HFD for 8 weeks. Body composition was assessed, and thoracic aortae and mesenteric arteries were harvested for myography to assess endothelium-dependent responses. Changes in intracellular calcium were measured by fluorescence imaging, and behavior was assessed with the open-field test. Cav3.1-/- mice had attenuated HFD-induced weight gain and lower total fat mass compared with WT mice. Cav3.1-/- mice on an HFD had reduced plasma cholesterol levels compared with WT mice on the same diet. Increased feeding efficiency, independent of food intake, was observed in WT mice on an HFD compared with an ND, but no difference in feeding efficiency between diets was observed for Cav3.1-/- mice. Nitric oxide-dependent dilatation was increased in mesenteric arteries of Cav3.1-/- mice compared with WT mice on an HFD, with no difference observed in aortae. No differences in mouse locomotor activity were observed between the experimental groups. Mice on an HFD lacking T-type channels have reduced weight gain, lower total cholesterol levels, and increased dilatation of resistance vessels compared with WT mice on an HFD, suggesting that Cav3.1 deletion protects against endothelial dysfunction in resistance vessels but not in large conduit vessels.
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20
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Lipocalin-2 exerts pro-atherosclerotic effects as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Heart Vessels 2020; 35:1012-1024. [PMID: 31960147 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a multiple bioactive hormone particularly expressed in adipose tissue, neutrophils, and macrophages, is known to exhibit anti-microbial effect, increase inflammatory cytokine levels, and maintain glucose homeostasis. Serum LCN2 level is positively correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease. However, it still remains unknown whether LCN2 affects atherogenesis. We assessed the effects of LCN2 on the inflammatory response and monocyte adhesion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), inflammatory phenotype and foam cell formation in THP1 monocyte-derived macrophages, and migration and proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in vitro and aortic lesions in Apoe-/- mice in vivo. LCN2 and its receptor, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-related protein-2, were expressed in THP1 monocytes, macrophages, HASMCs, and HUVECs. LCN2 significantly enhanced THP1 monocyte adhesion to HUVECs accompanied with upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin associated with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) upregulation in HUVECs. LCN2 significantly increased HUVEC proliferation and oxidized LDL-induced foam cell formation in THP1 monocyte-derived macrophages. LCN2 significantly increased the inflammatory M1 phenotype associated with NF-κB upregulation during differentiation of THP1 monocytes into macrophages. In HASMCs, LCN2 significantly promoted the migration and collagen-1 expression without inducing proliferation, which are associated with increased protein expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and phosphorylation of Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-jun-N-terminal kinase, and NF-κB. Chronic LCN2 infusion into Apoe-/- mice significantly accelerated the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions, with increased intraplaque monocyte/macrophage infiltration and pentraxin-3 and collagen-1 expressions. Our results suggested that LCN2 accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. Thus, LCN2 could serve as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerotic diseases.
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21
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Li D, Yan Sun W, Fu B, Xu A, Wang Y. Lipocalin-2-The myth of its expression and function. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 127:142-151. [PMID: 31597008 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 is a functional biomarker for acute and chronic kidney diseases, heart failure and obesity-related medical complications. It is rapidly induced in epithelial cells under stress conditions, but constitutively produced from pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes. Measuring the lipocalin-2 levels represents an effective approach for risk prediction, patient stratification and disease management. Nevertheless, due to ligand-binding, post-translational modification and protein-protein interaction, lipocalin-2 exists as multiple variants that elicit different pathophysiological functions. To characterize the specific structure-functional relationships of lipocalin-2 variants is critical for the development of biomarker assays with sufficient precision and reliability. Moreover, identifying the pathological forms of lipocalin-2 will provide new therapeutic targets and treatment approaches for obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Yan Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bowen Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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22
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Funcke JB, Scherer PE. Beyond adiponectin and leptin: adipose tissue-derived mediators of inter-organ communication. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1648-1684. [PMID: 31209153 PMCID: PMC6795086 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r094060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue-secreted signaling mediators (adipokines) have been identified since then, and much has been learned about how adipose tissue communicates with other organs of the body to maintain systemic homeostasis. Beyond proteins, additional factors, such as lipids, metabolites, noncoding RNAs, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by adipose tissue participate in this process. Here, we review the diverse signaling mediators and mechanisms adipose tissue utilizes to relay information to other organs. We discuss recently identified adipokines (proteins, lipids, and metabolites) and briefly outline the contributions of noncoding RNAs and EVs to the ever-increasing complexities of adipose tissue inter-organ communication. We conclude by reflecting on central aspects of adipokine biology, namely, the contribution of distinct adipose tissue depots and cell types to adipokine secretion, the phenomenon of adipokine resistance, and the capacity of adipose tissue to act both as a source and sink of signaling mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Bernd Funcke
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
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23
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Sun WY, Bai B, Luo C, Yang K, Li D, Wu D, Félétou M, Villeneuve N, Zhou Y, Yang J, Xu A, Vanhoutte PM, Wang Y. Lipocalin-2 derived from adipose tissue mediates aldosterone-induced renal injury. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120196. [PMID: 30185654 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 is not only a sensitive biomarker, but it also contributes to the pathogenesis of renal injuries. The present study demonstrates that adipose tissue-derived lipocalin-2 plays a critical role in causing both chronic and acute renal injuries. Four-week treatment with aldosterone and high salt after uninephrectomy (ANS) significantly increased both circulating and urinary lipocalin-2, and it induced glomerular and tubular injuries in kidneys of WT mice. Despite increased renal expression of lcn2 and urinary excretion of lipocalin-2, mice with selective deletion of lcn2 alleles in adipose tissue (Adipo-LKO) are protected from ANS- or aldosterone-induced renal injuries. By contrast, selective deletion of lcn2 alleles in kidney did not prevent aldosterone- or ANS-induced renal injuries. Transplantation of fat pads from WT donors increased the sensitivity of mice with complete deletion of Lcn2 alleles (LKO) to aldosterone-induced renal injuries. Aldosterone promoted the urinary excretion of a human lipocalin-2 variant, R81E, in turn causing renal injuries in LKO mice. Chronic treatment with R81E triggered significant renal injuries in LKO, resembling those observed in WT mice following ANS challenge. Taken in conjunction, the present results demonstrate that lipocalin-2 derived from adipose tissue causes acute and chronic renal injuries, largely independent of local lcn2 expression in kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Yan Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bo Bai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kangmin Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dahui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Yang Zhou
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Junwei Yang
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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24
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Guo Y, Xu C, Man AWC, Bai B, Luo C, Huang Y, Xu A, Vanhoutte PM, Wang Y. Endothelial SIRT1 prevents age-induced impairment of vasodilator responses by enhancing the expression and activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase in smooth muscle cells. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 115:678-690. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Aged arteries are characterized by attenuated vasodilator and enhanced vasoconstrictor responses, which contribute to the development of diseases such as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure. SIRT1 is a longevity regulator exerting protective functions against vascular ageing, although the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. This study was designed to elucidate the signalling pathways involved in endothelial SIRT1-mediated vasodilator responses in the arteries of young and old mice. In particular, the contributions of nitric oxide (NO), endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX), and/or soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) were examined.
Methods and results
Wild type (WT) or eNOS knockout (eKO) mice were cross-bred with those overexpressing human SIRT1 selectively in the vascular endothelium (EC-SIRT1). Arteries were collected from the four groups of mice (WT, EC-SIRT1, eKO, and eKO-SIRT1) to measure isometric relaxations/contractions in response to various pharmacological agents. Reduction of NO bioavailability, hyper-activation of COX signalling, and down-regulation of sGC collectively contributed to the decreased vasodilator and increased vasoconstrictor responses in arteries of old WT mice. Overexpression of endothelial SIRT1 did not block the reduction in NO bioavailability but attenuated the hyper-activation of COX-2, thus protecting mice from age-induced vasoconstrictor responses in arteries of EC-SIRT1 mice. Deficiency of eNOS did not affect endothelial SIRT1-mediated anti-contractile activities in arteries of eKO-SIRT1 mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that overexpression of endothelial SIRT1 enhanced Notch signalling to up-regulate sGCβ1 in smooth muscle cells. Increased expression and activity of sGC prevented age-induced hyper-activation of COX-2 as well as the conversion of endothelium-dependent relaxations to contractions in arteries of EC-SIRT1 mice.
Conclusion
Age-induced down-regulation of sGC and up-regulation of COX-2 in arteries are at least partly attributable to the loss-of-endothelial SIRT1 function. Enhancing the endothelial expression and function of SIRT1 prevents early vascular ageing and maintains vasodilator responses, thus representing promising drug targets for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, LKS Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, LKS Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy W C Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, LKS Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, LKS Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, LKS Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, LKS Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, LKS Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, LKS Faculty of Medicine Building, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Lee MYK, Ge G, Fung ML, Vanhoutte PM, Mak JCW, Ip MSM. Low but not high frequency of intermittent hypoxia suppresses endothelium-dependent, oxidative stress-mediated contractions in carotid arteries of obese mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:1384-1395. [PMID: 30091668 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep and predisposes to endothelial dysfunction. Obesity is a major risk factor for the occurrence of sleep apnea. The present study compared the functional impact of low- (IH10; 10 hypoxic events/h) and high-frequency (IH60; 60 hypoxic events/h) IH for 4 wk on endothelial function in male C57BL/6 mice with or without high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity. Mean arterial blood pressure (tail cuff method) was increased in obese mice after IH60 exposure, i.e., HF + IH60 group. The serum levels of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde were augmented in lean IH60 and HF groups, with a further increase in HF + IH60 but a reduction in HF + IH10 mice compared with the HF group. Vascular responsiveness was assessed as changes in isometric tension in isolated arteries. Relaxations to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine were impaired in HF + IH60 aortae. Endothelium-dependent contractions (EDC; response to acetylcholine in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor l-NAME) in carotid arteries were augmented in the HF group, but this HF-induced augmentation was suppressed by low-frequency IH exposure. The addition of apocynin (antioxidant) reduced EDC in HF and HF + IH60 groups but not in HF + IH10 group. In conclusion, these findings suggest that exposure of obese mice to mild IH exerts preconditioning-like suppression of endothelium-dependent and oxidative stress-mediated contractions. When IH severity increases, this suppression diminishes and endothelial dysfunction accelerates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study demonstrates, for the first time, that low-frequency intermittent hypoxia may exert a preconditioning-like suppression of oxidative stress-induced endothelium-dependent contractions in mice with diet-induced obesity. This relative suppression was diminished as intermittent hypoxia became more severe, and a deleterious effect on endothelial function emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Y K Lee
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Grace Ge
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - M L Fung
- Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Judith C W Mak
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Pharmacology & Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong , China.,Research Centre of Heart, Brain, Hormone and Healthy Aging, University of Hong Kong , China
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26
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More than a simple biomarker: the role of NGAL in cardiovascular and renal diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:909-923. [PMID: 29739822 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a small circulating protein that is highly modulated in a wide variety of pathological situations, making it a useful biomarker of various disease states. It is one of the best markers of acute kidney injury, as it is rapidly released after tubular damage. However, a growing body of evidence highlights an important role for NGAL beyond that of a biomarker of renal dysfunction. Indeed, numerous studies have demonstrated a role for NGAL in both cardiovascular and renal diseases. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge concerning the involvement of NGAL in cardiovascular and renal diseases and discuss the various mechanisms underlying its pathological implications.
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27
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Holo-lipocalin-2-derived siderophores increase mitochondrial ROS and impair oxidative phosphorylation in rat cardiomyocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:1576-1581. [PMID: 29378951 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1720570115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (Lcn2), a critical component of the innate immune response which binds siderophores and limits bacterial iron acquisition, can elicit spillover adverse proinflammatory effects. Here we show that holo-Lcn2 (Lcn2-siderophore-iron, 1:3:1) increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and attenuates mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in adult rat primary cardiomyocytes in a manner blocked by N-acetyl-cysteine or the mitochondria-specific antioxidant SkQ1. We further demonstrate using siderophores 2,3-DHBA (2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid) and 2,5-DHBA that increased ROS and reduction in oxidative phosphorylation are direct effects of the siderophore component of holo-Lcn2 and not due to apo-Lcn2 alone. Extracellular apo-Lcn2 enhanced the potency of 2,3-DHBA and 2,5-DHBA to increase ROS production and decrease mitochondrial respiratory capacity, whereas intracellular apo-Lcn2 attenuated these effects. These actions of holo-Lcn2 required an intact plasma membrane and were decreased by inhibition of endocytosis. The hearts, but not serum, of Lcn2 knockout (LKO) mice contained lower levels of 2,5-DHBA compared with wild-type hearts. Furthermore, LKO mice were protected from ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Our study identifies the siderophore moiety of holo-Lcn2 as a regulator of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial bioenergetics.
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28
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Dong Z, Gong H, Chen Y, Wu H, Wu J, Deng Y, Song X. LH-21, A Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Antagonist, Exerts Favorable Metabolic Modulation Including Antihypertensive Effect in KKAy Mice by Regulating Inflammatory Cytokines and Adipokines on Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:167. [PMID: 29731737 PMCID: PMC5920035 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with obesity are susceptible to hypertension and diabetes. Over-activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) in adipose tissue is proposed in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, which led to the metabolic dysfunction of adipose tissue and deregulated production and secretion of adipokines. In the current study, we determined the impact of LH-21, a representative peripheral CB1R antagonist, on the obesity-accompanied hypertension and explored the modulatory action of LH-21 on the adipose tissue in genetically obese and diabetic KKAy mice. 3-week LH-21 treatment significantly decreased blood pressure with a concomitant reduction in body weight, white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, and a slight loss on food intake in KKAy mice. Meanwhile, glucose handling and dyslipidemia were also markedly ameliorated after treatment. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in WAT and the aortae were both attenuated apparently by LH-21, as well the mRNA expression of adipokines (lipocalin-2, leptin) in WAT. Concomitant amelioration on the accumulation of lipocalin-2 was observed in both WAT and aortae. In corresponding with this, serum inflammatory related cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, IL-6, and CXCL1), and lipocalin-2 and leptin were lowered notably. Thus according to current results, it can be concluded that the peripheral CB1R antagonist LH-21 is effective in managing the obesity-accompanied hypertension in KKAy mice. These metabolic benefits are closely associated with the regulation on the production and secretion of inflammatory cytokines and adipokines in the WAT, particularly alleviated circulating lipocalin-2 and its accumulation in aortae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of FuDan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of FuDan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Gong, ; Xinmao Song,
| | - Yadan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of FuDan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of FuDan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinghong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Jinshan Hospital of FuDan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmao Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat, Hospital of FuDan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Gong, ; Xinmao Song,
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29
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Yang K, Deng HB, Man AWC, Song E, Zhang J, Luo C, Cheung BMY, Yuen KY, Jensen PS, Irmukhamedov A, Elie AGIM, Vanhoutte PM, Xu A, De Mey JGR, Wang Y. Measuring non-polyaminated lipocalin-2 for cardiometabolic risk assessment. ESC Heart Fail 2017; 4:563-575. [PMID: 29154418 PMCID: PMC5695172 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Lipocalin‐2 is a pro‐inflammatory molecule characterized by a highly diversified pattern of expression and structure–functional relationships. In vivo, this molecule exists as multiple variants due to post‐translational modifications and/or protein–protein interactions. Lipocalin‐2 is modified by polyamination, which enhances the clearance of this protein from the circulation and prevents its excessive accumulation in tissues. On the other hand, animal studies suggest that non‐polyaminated lipocalin‐2 (npLcn2) plays a causal role in the pathogenesis of obesity‐associated medical complications. The present study examined the presence of npLcn2 in samples from healthy volunteers or patients with cardiac abnormalities and evaluated npLcn2 as a biomarker for cardiometabolic risk assessment. Methods and results Immunoassays were developed to quantify npLcn2 in blood and urine samples collected from 100 volunteers (59 men and 41 women), or venous plasma and pericardial fluid samples obtained from 37 cardiothoracic surgery patients. In healthy volunteers, npLcn2 levels in serum are significantly higher in obese and overweight than in lean subjects. After adjustment for age, gender, smoking, and body mass index (BMI), serum npLcn2 levels are positively correlated with heart rate, circulating triglycerides, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), and creatinine in plasma. The npLcn2 levels in urine are significantly increased in subjects with metabolic syndrome and positively correlated with BMI, heart rate, circulating triglycerides, and urinary aldosterone. In cardiothoracic surgery patients, the circulating concentrations of npLcn2 are higher (more than two‐fold) than those of healthy volunteers and positively correlated with the accumulation of this protein in the pericardial fluid. Heart failure patients exhibit excessive expression and distribution of npLcn2 in mesothelial cells and adipocytes of the parietal pericardium, which are significantly correlated with the elevated plasma levels of npLcn2, total cholesterol, and creatinine. Conclusions Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of npLcn2 in human biofluid samples and tissue samples can be applied for risk assessment of healthy individuals and disease management of patients with obesity‐related cardiometabolic and renal complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Han-Bing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Andy W C Man
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Erfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jialiang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pia Søndergaard Jensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Akhmadjon Irmukhamedov
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Atlanta G I M Elie
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jo G R De Mey
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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30
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Song E, Jahng JWS, Chong LP, Sung HK, Han M, Luo C, Wu D, Boo S, Hinz B, Cooper MA, Robertson AAB, Berger T, Mak TW, George I, Schulze PC, Wang Y, Xu A, Sweeney G. Lipocalin-2 induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation via HMGB1 induced TLR4 signaling in heart tissue of mice under pressure overload challenge. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2723-2735. [PMID: 28670364 PMCID: PMC5489876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipocalin-2 (also known as NGAL) levels are elevated in obesity and diabetes yet relatively little is known regarding effects on the heart. We induced pressure overload (PO) in mice and found that lipocalin-2 knockout (LKO) mice exhibited less PO-induced autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation than Wt. PO-induced mitochondrial damage was reduced and autophagic flux greater in LKO mice, which correlated with less cardiac dysfunction. All of these observations were negated upon adenoviral-mediated restoration of normal lipocalin-2 levels in LKO. Studies in primary cardiac fibroblasts indicated that lipocalin-2 enhanced priming and activation of NLRP3-inflammasome, detected by increased IL-1β, IL-18 and Caspase-1 activation. This was attenuated in cells isolated from NLRP3-deficient mice or upon pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3. Furthermore, lipocalin-2 induced release of HMGB1 from cells and NLRP3-inflammasome activation was attenuated by TLR4 inhibition. We also found evidence of increased inflammasome activation and reduced autophagy in cardiac biopsy samples from heart failure patients. Overall, this study provides new mechanistic insight on the detrimental role of lipocalin-2 in the development of cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfei Song
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Canada
| | | | - Lisa P Chong
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Canada
| | - Hye K Sung
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Canada
| | - Meng Han
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Canada
| | - Cuiting Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Donghai Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine & HealthChina
| | - Stellar Boo
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of TorontoToronto, Canada
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandAustralia
| | - Avril AB Robertson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of QueenslandAustralia
| | - Thorsten Berger
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health NetworkToronto, Canada
| | - Isaac George
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical CenterNew York, USA
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaJena, Germany
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, University of Hong KongHong Kong
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Canada
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31
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Sena CM, Pereira A, Fernandes R, Letra L, Seiça RM. Adiponectin improves endothelial function in mesenteric arteries of rats fed a high-fat diet: role of perivascular adipose tissue. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3514-3526. [PMID: 28236429 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adiponectin, the most abundant peptide secreted by adipocytes, is involved in the regulation of energy metabolism and vascular physiology. Here, we have investigated the effects of exogenous administration of adiponectin on metabolism, vascular reactivity and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) of mesenteric arteries in Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of adiponectin on NO-dependent and independent vasorelaxation were investigated in isolated mesenteric arteries from 12-month-old male Wistar rats (W12m) fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 months and compared with those from age-matched rats given a control diet. Adiponectin ((96 μg·day-1 ) was administered by continuous infusion with a minipump, implanted subcutaneously, for 28 days. KEY RESULTS Chronic adiponectin treatment reduced body weight, total cholesterol, free fatty acids, fasting glucose and area under the curve of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, compared with HFD rats. It also normalized NO-dependent vasorelaxation increasing endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation in mesenteric arteries of HFD rats. In PVAT from aged (W12m) and HFD rats there was increased expression of chemokines and pro-inflammatory adipokines, the latter being important contributors to endothelial dysfunction. Infusion of adiponectin reduced these changes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Adiponectin normalized endothelial cell function by a mechanism that involved increased eNOS phoshorylation and decreased PVAT inflammation. Detailed characterization of the adiponectin signalling pathway in the vasculature and perivascular fat is likely to provide novel approaches to the management of atherosclerosis and metabolic disease. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Perivascular Adipose Tissue - Potential Pharmacological Targets? To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.20/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Sena
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Pereira
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Liliana Letra
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Seiça
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 571] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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Rajnics P, Kellner Á, Karádi É, Moizs M, Bödör C, Király P, Marosvári D, Andrikovics H, Egyed M. Increased Lipocalin 2 level may have important role in thrombotic events in patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. Leuk Res 2016; 48:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abdel-Hamid AAM, Firgany AEDL. Favorable outcomes of hydroxychloroquine in insulin resistance may be accomplished by adjustment of the endothelial dysfunction as well as the skewed balance of adipokines. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:560-573. [PMID: 27320898 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been demonstrated to reduce the risk to develop diabetes mellitus (DM). However no previous experimental study had investigated its effect on the structure of the endocrine pancreas, islets of Langerhans (IOL), in insulin resistance (IR). In addition, the mechanism by which HCQ can prevent DM is not well understood. In this study, we hypothesized that the possible favorable outcome of HCQ may be partly achieved by its molecular effect on the endothelial stress markers as well as on the imparied balance of the adipokines that usually accompanies IR. A total of 54 rats were divided equally into; control, high fat diet (HFD) and HFD+HCQ groups (received standard chow, HFD and HFD+HCQ respectively). After 12 weeks, samples from pancreas as well as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) were histologically studied for the consequent changes. In the HFD group, there were mild degenerative changes and expansion of the IOL accompanied with a significantly increased (p<0.05) β-cell area%, mass, proliferation and neogenesis as well as a significantly decreased (p<0.05) α-cell area% compared with the other groups. On combining HCQ with HFD, reversal of these changes along with correction of the impaired adipokines levels (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin and lipocalin-2) and significant decrease (p<0.05) of the vascular endothelial stress markers (sE-selectin, sICAM and sVICAM) were manifested compared with the HFD group. Therefore, HCQ favorable effects in IR may be attributed to relieving of the endothelial stress as well as normalization of the skewed balance of adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A M Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.
| | - Alaa El-Din L Firgany
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
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Jahng JWS, Song E, Sweeney G. Crosstalk between the heart and peripheral organs in heart failure. Exp Mol Med 2016; 48:e217. [PMID: 26964833 PMCID: PMC4892881 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2016.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mediators from peripheral tissues can influence the development and progression of heart failure (HF). For example, in obesity, an altered profile of adipokines secreted from adipose tissue increases the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI). Less appreciated is that heart remodeling releases cardiokines, which can strongly impact various peripheral tissues. Inflammation, and, in particular, activation of the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors with pyrin domain (NLRP3) inflammasome are likely to have a central role in cardiac remodeling and mediating crosstalk with other organs. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in response to cardiac injury induces the production and secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. In addition to having local effects in the myocardium, these pro-inflammatory cytokines are released into circulation and cause remodeling in the spleen, kidney, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The collective effects of various cardiokines on peripheral organs depend on the degree and duration of myocardial injury, with systematic inflammation and peripheral tissue damage observed as HF progresses. In this article, we review mechanisms regulating myocardial inflammation in HF and the role of factors secreted by the heart in communication with peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erfei Song
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Takahashi T, Asano Y, Noda S, Aozasa N, Akamata K, Taniguchi T, Ichimura Y, Toyama T, Sumida H, Kuwano Y, Tada Y, Sugaya M, Kadono T, Sato S. A possible contribution of lipocalin-2 to the development of dermal fibrosis, pulmonary vascular involvement and renal dysfunction in systemic sclerosis. Br J Dermatol 2015; 173:681-9. [PMID: 25781362 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin-2 is an adipocytokine implicated in apoptosis, innate immunity, angiogenesis, and the development of chronic kidney disease. OBJECTIVES To investigate the role of lipocalin-2 in systemic sclerosis (SSc). MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum lipocalin-2 levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 50 patients with SSc and 19 healthy subjects. Lipocalin-2 expression was evaluated in the skin of patients with SSc and bleomycin (BLM)-treated mice and in Fli1-deficient endothelial cells by reverse transcriptase-real time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting and/or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Although serum lipocalin-2 levels were comparable between patients with SSc and healthy controls, the prevalence of scleroderma renal crisis was significantly higher in patients with SSc with elevated serum lipocalin-2 levels than in those with normal levels. Furthermore, serum lipocalin-2 levels inversely correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with SSc with renal dysfunction. Among patients with SSc with normal renal function, serum lipocalin-2 levels positively correlated with skin score in patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc with disease duration of < 3 years and inversely correlated with estimated right ventricular systolic pressure in total patients with SSc. Importantly, in SSc lesional skin, lipocalin-2 expression was increased in dermal fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In BLM-treated mice, lipocalin-2 was highly expressed in dermal fibroblasts, but not in endothelial cells. On the other hand, the deficiency of transcription factor Fli1, which is implicated in SSc vasculopathy, induced lipocalin-2 expression in cultivated endothelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Lipocalin-2 may be involved in renal dysfunction and dermal fibrosis of SSc. Dysregulated matrix metalloproteinase-9/lipocalin-2-dependent angiogenesis due to Fli1 deficiency may contribute to the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Y Asano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - S Noda
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - N Aozasa
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - K Akamata
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Y Ichimura
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - T Toyama
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - H Sumida
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Y Kuwano
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Y Tada
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - M Sugaya
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - T Kadono
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - S Sato
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
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Tarjus A, Martínez-Martínez E, Amador C, Latouche C, El Moghrabi S, Berger T, Mak TW, Fay R, Farman N, Rossignol P, Zannad F, López-Andrés N, Jaisser F. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, a Novel Mineralocorticoid Biotarget, Mediates Vascular Profibrotic Effects of Mineralocorticoids. Hypertension 2015; 66:158-66. [PMID: 25987661 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor has been shown to be deleterious in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We have recently shown that lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is a primary target of aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor in the cardiovascular system. Lcn2 is a circulating protein, which binds matrix metalloproteinase 9 and modulates its stability. We hypothesized that Lcn2 could be a mediator of aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor profibrotic effects in the cardiovascular system. Correlations between aldosterone and profibrotic markers, such as procollagen type I N-terminal peptide, were investigated in healthy subjects and subjects with abdominal obesity. The implication of Lcn2 in the mineralocorticoid pathway was studied using Lcn2 knockout mice subjected to a nephrectomy/aldosterone/salt (NAS) challenge for 4 weeks. In human subjects, NGAL/matrix metalloproteinase 9 was positively correlated with plasma aldosterone and fibrosis biomarkers. In mice, loss of Lcn2 prevented the NAS-induced increase of plasma procollagen type I N-terminal peptide, as well as the increase of collagen fibers deposition and collagen I expression in the coronary vessels and the aorta. The lack of Lcn2 also blunted the NAS-induced increase in systolic blood pressure. Ex vivo, treatment of human fibroblasts with recombinant Lcn2 induced the expression of collagen I and the profibrotic galectin-3 and cardiotrophin-1 molecules. Our results showed that Lcn2 plays a key role in aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated vascular fibrosis. The clinical data indicate that this may translate in human patients. Lcn2 is, therefore, a new biotarget in cardiovascular fibrosis induced by mineralocorticoid activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tarjus
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Cristian Amador
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Céline Latouche
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Soumaya El Moghrabi
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Thorsten Berger
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Tak W Mak
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Renaud Fay
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Nicolette Farman
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Faiez Zannad
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.).
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Cai Y, Manio MM, Leung GP, Xu A, Tang EH, Vanhoutte PM. Thyroid hormone affects both endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells in rat arteries. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 747:18-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Wu G, Li H, Fang Q, Jiang S, Zhang L, Zhang J, Hou X, Lu J, Bao Y, Xu A, Jia W. Elevated Circulating Lipocalin-2 Levels Independently Predict Incident Cardiovascular Events in Men in a Population-Based Cohort. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2014; 34:2457-64. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wu
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
| | - Huating Li
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
| | - Qichen Fang
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
| | - Shan Jiang
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
| | - Lei Zhang
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
| | - Jing Zhang
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
| | - Xuhong Hou
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
| | - Junxi Lu
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
| | - Yuqian Bao
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
| | - Aimin Xu
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
| | - Weiping Jia
- From the Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai, China (G.W., H.L., Q.F., S.J., L.Z., J.Z., X.H., J.L., Y.B., W.J.); and Department of Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology (A.X.) and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy (A.X.),
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Wu G, Li H, Zhou M, Fang Q, Bao Y, Xu A, Jia W. Mechanism and clinical evidence of lipocalin-2 and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein linking obesity and atherosclerosis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2014; 30:447-56. [PMID: 24214285 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is considered to be a chronic inflammatory state in which the dysfunction of adipose tissue plays a central role. The adipokines, which are cytokines secreted by adipose tissue, are key links between obesity and related diseases such as metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. LCN2 and A-FABP, both of which are major adipokines predominantly produced in adipose tissue, have recently been shown to be pivotal modulators of vascular function. However, different adipokines modulate the development of atherosclerosis in distinctive manners, which are partly attributable to their unique regulatory mechanisms and functions. This review highlights recent advances in the understanding of the role of two adipokines in mediating chronic inflammation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, China; Department of Medicine, Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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41
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Liang Y, Huang B, Song E, Bai B, Wang Y. Constitutive activation of AMPK α1 in vascular endothelium promotes high-fat diet-induced fatty liver injury: role of COX-2 induction. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:498-508. [PMID: 24372551 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), an important regulator of energy metabolism, comprises three (α, β and γ) subunits, each with a unique tissue distribution. As AMPK has a wide range of protein and gene targets, defining its role has been difficult. Here, we have studied a transgenic mouse model overexpressing the constitutively active α1 subunit of AMPK in endothelial cells (EC-AMPK) to elucidate its role in energy homeostasis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wild-type and EC-AMPK mice were fed with a high fat diet for 16 weeks. Drugs (or vehicles) were given daily by oral gavage. Body weight, fat mass composition, glucose and lipid levels were monitored regularly. Tissues including aortae and liver were collected for quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, elisa, histological and biochemical evaluations. KEY RESULTS Compared with wild-type animals, high fat diet caused more severe metabolic defects in EC-AMPK mice, which exhibited increased body weight and fat mass, elevated blood pressure, augmented glucose and lipid levels, impaired glucose tolerance, hepatomegaly and steatohepatitis. Constitutive activation of AMPK α1 in endothelial cells induced COX-2 expression and arterial inflammation. Genes involved in lipid metabolism were down-regulated in aortae and livers of EC-AMPK mice. Chronic treatment with selective COX-2 inhibitors, celecoxib or nimesulide, significantly ameliorated arterial inflammation, steatohepatitis and hyperlipidaemia in EC-AMPK mice, without altering their blood pressure or clotting. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Constitutive activation of endothelial AMPK α1 promotes vascular inflammation and the development of obesity-induced fatty livers largely via induction of COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Moreno-Navarrete JM, Fernández-Real JM. The possible role of antimicrobial proteins in obesity-associated immunologic alterations. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 10:855-66. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2014.911088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Song E, Fan P, Huang B, Deng HB, Cheung BMY, Félétou M, Vilaine JP, Villeneuve N, Xu A, Vanhoutte PM, Wang Y. Deamidated lipocalin-2 induces endothelial dysfunction and hypertension in dietary obese mice. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000837. [PMID: 24721803 PMCID: PMC4187505 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipocalin-2 is a proinflammatory adipokine upregulated in obese humans and animals. A pathogenic role of lipocalin-2 in hypertension has been suggested. Mice lacking lipocalin-2 are protected from dietary obesity-induced cardiovascular dysfunctions. Administration of lipocalin-2 causes abnormal vasodilator responses in mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS Wild-type and lipocalin-2 knockout mice were fed with standard chow or HFD. Immunoassays were performed for evaluating the circulating and tissue contents of lipocalin-2. The relaxation and contraction of arteries were studied using a wire myograph. Blood pressure was monitored with implantable radio telemetry. Dietary obesity promoted the accumulation of lipocalin-2 protein in blood and arteries. Deficiency of this adipokine protected mice from dietary obesity-induced elevation of blood pressure. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that human and murine lipocalin-2 were modified by polyamination. Polyaminated lipocalin-2 was rapidly cleared from the circulation. Adipose tissue was a major site for lipocalin-2 deamidation. The circulating levels and the arterial accumulation of deamidated lipocalin-2 were significantly enhanced by treatment with linoleic acid (18:2n-6), which bound to lipocalin-2 with high affinity and prevented its interactions with matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9). Combined administration of linoleic acid with lipocalin-2 caused vascular inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and raised the blood pressure of mice receiving standard chow. A human lipocalin-2 mutant with cysteine 87 replaced by alanine (C87A) contained less polyamines and exhibited a reduced capacity to form heterodimeric complexes with MMP9. After treatment, C87A remained in the circulation for a prolonged period of time and evoked endothelial dysfunction in the absence of linoleic acid. CONCLUSIONS Polyamination facilitates the clearance of lipocalin-2, whereas the accumulation of deamidated lipocalin-2 in arteries causes vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Hajjar DP, Gotto AM. Biological relevance of inflammation and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of arterial diseases. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 182:1474-81. [PMID: 23608224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, age-adjusted rates of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have fallen in the United States, but the prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disorders has risen dramatically. Recent studies have begun to unravel the complex linkages between adipose and vascular tissues that may accelerate the development of atherosclerosis in the context of obesity. Experimental models indicate that inflammation and oxidative stress, which mutually amplify each other within the vasculature and in visceral fat, are key processes that drive the initiation, progression, and subsequent rupture of the atherosclerotic lesion. Emerging research is further elucidating the contributions made by chemokines and their receptors, adipokines, and miRNAs to arterial disease. Translation of these basic science findings to clinical applications represents a tantalizing possibility for reducing the global burden of obesity-associated atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Hajjar
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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45
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Xiao Y, Xu A, Hui X, Zhou P, Li X, Zhong H, Tang W, Huang G, Zhou Z. Circulating lipocalin-2 and retinol-binding protein 4 are associated with intima-media thickness and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66607. [PMID: 23799122 PMCID: PMC3684582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lipocalin family proteins, including lipocalin-2 and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), are adipokines closely associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. In this study, we evaluated the association of serum lipocalin-2 and RBP4 with intima-media thickness (IMT) and subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum levels of lipocalin-2 and RBP4 were measured in 284 type 2 diabetic patients. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by IMT at carotid, femoral and iliac arteries with ultrasound. Patients with subclinical atherosclerosis showed significantly higher circulating concentrations of lipocalin-2 and RBP4 when compared to those without [112.9 (86.4 to 202.1) µg/L versus 77.2(55.0-150.4) µg/L, 37.1(32.3-40.8) mg/L versus 23.2(20.1-29.2) mg/L, respectively; P = 0.002, P<0.001, respectively]. Moreover, positive correlations were observed between carotid IMT and lipocalin-2 (r = 0.170, P = 0.018) or RBP4 (r = 0.132, P = 0.040), femoral IMT and lipocalin-2 (r = 0.160, P = 0.027), as well as between iliac IMT and RBP4 (r = 0.241, P<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis further demonstrated that these two adipokines were independent risk factors for subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSION Circulating levels of lipocalin-2 and RBP4 are positively correlated with carotid IMT and subclinical atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes, which suggests a potential role of these two lipid-binding chaperones in the pathogenesis of vascular complications of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xiao
- Diabetes Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xing Li
- Diabetes Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Diabetes Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weili Tang
- Diabetes Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gan Huang
- Diabetes Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, the Second Xiangya Hospital, and Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
There is a close anatomical and functional relationship between adipose tissue and blood vessels. The crosstalk between these two organs is vital to both metabolic and vascular homeostasis. On the one hand, adipose tissue is highly vascularized, and maintenance of ample supply of blood flow is essential for both expansion and metabolic functions of adipose tissue. Vascular endothelium also secretes many factors to regulate adipogenesis and adipose tissue remodeling. On the other hand, almost all blood vessels are surrounded by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), which regulates vascular function by producing a large number of "vasocrine" molecules. Under the normal conditions, PVAT exerts its anti-contractile effects by release of vasorelaxants (such as adipocyte-derived relaxation factors and adiponectin) that promote both endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxations of blood vessels. However, PVAT in obesity becomes highly inflamed and induces vascular dysfunction by augmented secretion of vasoconstriction factors (such as the major components of renin-angiotensinogen-aldosterone system and superoxide) and pro-inflammatory adipokines (such as TNF-α and adipocyte fatty acid binding protein), the latter of which are important contributors to endothelial activation, vascular inflammation and neointimal formation. Furthermore, several adipocyte-derived adipokines impair vascular function indirectly, by acting in the brain to activate sympathetic nerve system (such as leptin) or by exerting their actions in major metabolic organs to induce vascular insulin resistance, which in turn aggravates endothelial dysfunction. Aberrant secretion of adipokines and other vasoactive factors in adipose tissue is a major contributor to the onset and progression of obesity-related metabolic and vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR
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[Fat mass expansion, fatty acids and adipokines: metabolic markers and risk factors for cardiovascular pathologies]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2013; 71:13-26. [PMID: 23348852 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2012.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is described as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Fat mass expansion is often associated with occurrence of a pro-inflammatory state, which will interfere with cell metabolism in various tissues and alter noticeably insulin-signaling processes. This low-grade, systemic inflammatory response that characterizes obesity will develop towards dysfunctions which will include insulin-resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and coronary and vascular pathologies and even toward some cancers. Metabolic and endocrine functions will be briefly considered as well as events related to fat mass expansion such as hypertrophy-related disturbances in adipocyte function and adipose tissue infiltration by immune cells (i.e., macrophages and lymphocytes which could secrete cytokines and chemokines). In addition to the well known function of storage and release on non esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), the adipocytes synthesize and secrete circulating hormones (called adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin and apelin) which are acting as signaling molecules and which are mediators/modulators of the inflammatory processes. The interest of adipose tissue productions as plasma metabolic markers and the dialogue and interactions between adipose tissue productions (i.e., NEFAs, adipokines and cytokines) and other target tissues will be considered. The objective of this paper is to describe adipose tissue dysfunctions observed in obesity and to delineate putative relationships, which could exist between adipose tissue dysfunctions and other tissues. The idea is to describe how adipose tissue dysfunction is involved in the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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Vanhoutte P. Obésité et fonction endothéliale. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2013; 71:42-50. [PMID: 23348855 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Taube A, Schlich R, Sell H, Eckardt K, Eckel J. Inflammation and metabolic dysfunction: links to cardiovascular diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 302:H2148-65. [PMID: 22447947 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00907.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and recent studies highlight a key role of adipose tissue dysfunction, inflammation, and aberrant adipokine release in this process. An increased demand for lipid storage results in both hyperplasia and hypertrophy, finally leading to chronic inflammation, hypoxia, and a phenotypic change of the cellular components of adipose tissue, collectively leading to a substantially altered secretory output of adipose tissue. In this review we have assessed the adipo-vascular axis, and an overview of adipokines associated with cardiovascular disease is provided. This resulted in a first list of more than 30 adipokines. A deeper analysis only considered adipokines that have been reported to impact on inflammation and NF-κB activation in the vasculature. Out of these, the most prominent link to cardiovascular disease was found for leptin, TNF-α, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, interleukins, and several novel adipokines such as lipocalin-2 and pigment epithelium-derived factor. Future work will need to address the potential role of these molecules as biomarkers and/or drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Taube
- Paul Langerhans Group, German Diabetes Center, Duesseldorf, Germany
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50
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Yang B, Fan P, Xu A, Lam KSL, Berger T, Mak TW, Tse HF, Yue JWS, Song E, Vanhoutte PM, Sweeney G, Wang Y. Improved functional recovery to I/R injury in hearts from lipocalin-2 deficiency mice: restoration of mitochondrial function and phospholipids remodeling. Am J Transl Res 2012; 4:60-71. [PMID: 22355443 PMCID: PMC3280429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Recent clinical and experimental evidences demonstrate an association between augmented circulating lipocalin-2 [a pro-inflammatory adipokine] and cardiac dysfunction. However, little is known about the pathophysi-ological role of lipocalin-2 in heart. The present study was designed to compare the heart functions of mice with normal (WT) or deficient lipocalin-2 (Lcn2-KO) expression. METHODS AND RESULTS Echocardiographic analysis revealed that the myocardial contractile function was significantly improved in hearts of Lcn2-KO mice, under both standard chow and high fat diet conditions. The heart function before and after I/R injury (20-min of global ischemia followed by 60-min of reperfusion) was assessed using the Langendorff perfusion system. Compared to WT littermates, hearts from Lcn2-KO mice showed improved functional recovery and reduced infarct size following I/R. Under baseline condition, the mitochondrial function of Lcn2-KO hearts was significantly enhanced, as demonstrated by biochemical analysis of respiratory chain activity and markers of biogenesis, as well as electron microscopic investigation of the mitochondrial ultrastructure. Acute or chronic administration of lipocalin-2 impaired cardiac functional recovery to I/R and dampened the mitochondrial function in hearts of Lcn2-KO mice. These effects were associated with an extensive modification of the fatty acyl chain compositions of intracellular phospholipids. For example, lipocalin-2 facilitated the redistribution of linoleic acid (C18:2) among different types of phospholipids, including cardiolipin, a structurally unique phospholipid located mainly on the inner membrane of mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS Lack of lipocalin-2 improved the functional recovery of isolated mice hearts subjected to I/R, which is associated with restoration of mitochondrial function and phospholipids remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Pengcheng Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Aimin Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Karen SL Lam
- Department of Medicine and Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Thorsten Berger
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret HospitalToronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research, Princess Margaret HospitalToronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine and Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Jessie WS Yue
- Department of Medicine and Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Erfei Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
| | - Gary Sweeney
- Department of Biology, York UniversityToronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
- Department of Medicine and Research Center of Heart, Brain, Hormone, and Healthy Aging, the University of Hong KongHong Kong, China
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