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Yu M, Song X, Guo J, Feng Q, Tian J. Exploring potential predictors of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: a pilot investigation on urinary metabolites. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:3117-3128. [PMID: 38668796 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is the most severe manifestation of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP). This study aimed to determine the role of urine metabolomics in predicting HSPN and explore the potential mechanisms of HSP. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed to investigate the urinary metabolic profiles of 90 participants, comprising 30 healthy children (group CON) and 60 patients with HSP, including 30 HSP patients without renal involvement (group H) and 30 HSPN patients (group HSPN). The differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified using orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and subsequent bioinformatics analysis was conducted to elucidate the perturbed metabolic pathways. A total of 43 DEMs between H and HSPN groups were analyzed by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) database, and the result indicates that glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism were significantly disturbed. A composite model incorporating propionylcarnitine and indophenol sulfate was developed to assess the risk of renal involvement in pediatric patients with HSP. Conclusion: This study reveals the metabolic alterations in healthy children, HSPN patients, and HSP patients without renal involvement. Furthermore, propionylcarnitine and indophenol sulfate may be potential predictive biomarkers of the occurrence of HSPN. What is Known: • HSP is the predominant type of vasculitis observed in children. The long-term prognosis of HSP is contingent upon the extent of renal impairment. In severe nephritis, a delay in appropriate treatment may lead to fibrosis progression and subsequent development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), even leading to renal failure. • The application of metabolomics in investigating diverse renal disorders has been documented. Urine is a robust and sensitive medium for metabolomics detection. What is New: • The metabolic profiles were identified in urine samples of healthy children and those with HSP at the early stage of the disease. Different metabolites were identified between HSP patients without nephritis and those who developed HSPN. • These different metabolites may affect oxidative stress in the progression of HSPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyi Yu
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Song
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jie Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Qihua Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jianmei Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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Wang Y, Lu WL, Feng WM, Xu W, Liu LH, He LM. RENAL PROTECTIVE EFFECT AND CLINICAL ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B 6 IN PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS. Shock 2024; 61:841-847. [PMID: 38691102 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the protective effect and possible mechanisms of vitamin B 6 against renal injury in patients with sepsis. Methods: A total of 128 patients with sepsis who met the entry criteria in multiple centers were randomly divided into experimental (intravenous vitamin B 6 therapy) and control (intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride therapy) groups based on usual care. Clinical data, the inflammatory response indicators interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and endothelin-1 (ET-1), the oxidative stress response indicators superoxide dismutase, glutathione and malondialdehyde, and renal function (assessed by blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and renal resistance index monitored by ultrasound) were compared between the two groups. Results: After 7 d of treatment, the IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and ET-1 levels in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the oxidative stress response indicators were significantly improved in the experimental group and the blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and renal resistance index values in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in the rate of renal replacement therapy and 28 d mortality ( P > 0.05). However, the intensive care unit length of stay and the total hospitalization expenses in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The administration of vitamin B 6 in the treatment of patients with sepsis attenuates renal injury, and the mechanism may be related to pyridoxine decreasing the levels of inflammatory mediators and their regulation by redox stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital affiliated to Huzhou University Medical College, Huzhou, China
| | - Wen-Long Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Linghu People's Hospital of Nanxun District, Huzhou, China
| | - Wen-Ming Feng
- Department of General Surgery, First People's Hospital affiliated to Huzhou University Medical College, Huzhou, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First People's Hospital affiliated to Huzhou University Medical College, Huzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Wuxing District People's Hospital, Huzhou, China
| | - Li-Min He
- Department of General Surgery, Nanxun District People's Hospital, Huzhou, China
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3
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More SA, Deore RS, Pawar HD, Sharma C, Nakhate KT, Rathod SS, Ojha S, Goyal SN. CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor as a Potential Target in Myocardial Infarction: Exploration of Molecular Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1683. [PMID: 38338960 PMCID: PMC10855244 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The lipid endocannabinoid system has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target for several inflammatory and tissue-damaging diseases, including those affecting the cardiovascular system. The primary targets of cannabinoids are cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) and 2 (CB2) receptors. The CB2 receptor is expressed in the cardiomyocytes. While the pathological changes in the myocardium upregulate the CB2 receptor, genetic deletion of the receptor aggravates the changes. The CB2 receptor plays a crucial role in attenuating the advancement of myocardial infarction (MI)-associated pathological changes in the myocardium. Activation of CB2 receptors exerts cardioprotection in MI via numerous molecular pathways. For instance, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol attenuated the progression of MI via modulation of the CB2 receptor-dependent anti-inflammatory mechanisms, including suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β. Through similar mechanisms, natural and synthetic CB2 receptor ligands repair myocardial tissue damage. This review aims to offer an in-depth discussion on the ameliorative potential of CB2 receptors in myocardial injuries induced by a variety of pathogenic mechanisms. Further, the modulation of autophagy, TGF-β/Smad3 signaling, MPTP opening, and ROS production are discussed. The molecular correlation of CB2 receptors with cardiac injury markers, such as troponin I, LDH1, and CK-MB, is explored. Special attention has been paid to novel insights into the potential therapeutic implications of CB2 receptor activation in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar A. More
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Rucha S. Deore
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Harshal D. Pawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Kartik T. Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Sumit S. Rathod
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India; (S.A.M.); (R.S.D.); (H.D.P.); (K.T.N.); (S.S.R.)
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Garcia C, Blesso CN. Antioxidant properties of anthocyanins and their mechanism of action in atherosclerosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:152-166. [PMID: 34087429 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis develops due to lipid accumulation in the arterial wall and sclerosis as result of increased hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and protein oxidation. However, improving antioxidant status through diet may prevent the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. It is believed that polyphenol-rich plants contribute to the inverse relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and chronic disease. Anthocyanins are flavonoid polyphenols with antioxidant properties that have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease. The consumption of anthocyanins increases total antioxidant capacity, antioxidant defense enzymes, and HDL antioxidant properties by several measures in preclinical and clinical populations. Anthocyanins appear to impart antioxidant actions via direct antioxidant properties, as well as indirectly via inducing intracellular Nrf2 activation and antioxidant gene expression. These actions counter oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in cells present in atherosclerotic plaques, including macrophages and endothelial cells. Overall, anthocyanins may protect against atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease through their effects on cellular antioxidant status, oxidative stress, and inflammation; however, their underlying mechanisms of action appear to be complex and require further elucidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Garcia
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States
| | - Christopher N Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, United States.
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5
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Effects of lipoproteins on endothelial cells and macrophages function and its possible implications on fetal adverse outcomes associated to maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy. Placenta 2021; 106:79-87. [PMID: 33706211 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main risk factors associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of death worldwide. During pregnancy, maternal hypercholesterolemia develops, and it can occur in a physiological (MPH) or supraphysiological (MSPH) manner, where MSPH is associated with endothelial dysfunction and early atherosclerotic lesions in the fetoplacental vasculature. In the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, endothelial activation and endothelial dysfunction, characterized by an imbalance in the bioavailability of nitric oxide, contribute to the early stages of this disease. Macrophages conversion to foam cells, cholesterol efflux from these cells and its differentiation into a pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotype are also important processes that contribute to atherosclerosis. In adults it has been reported that native and modified HDL and LDL play an important role in endothelial and macrophage function. In this review it is proposed that fetal lipoproteins could be also relevant factors involved in the detrimental vascular effects described in MSPH. Changes in the composition and function of neonatal lipoproteins compared to adults has been reported and, although in MSPH pregnancies the fetal lipid profile does not differ from MPH, differences in the lipidomic profiles of umbilical venous blood have been reported, which could have implications in the vascular function. In this review we summarize the available information regarding the effects of lipoproteins on endothelial and macrophage function, emphasizing its possible implications on fetal adverse outcomes associated to maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy.
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6
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Gambardella J, Khondkar W, Morelli MB, Wang X, Santulli G, Trimarco V. Arginine and Endothelial Function. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080277. [PMID: 32781796 PMCID: PMC7460461 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine (L-arginine), is an amino acid involved in a number of biological processes, including the biosynthesis of proteins, host immune response, urea cycle, and nitric oxide production. In this systematic review, we focus on the functional role of arginine in the regulation of endothelial function and vascular tone. Both clinical and preclinical studies are examined, analyzing the effects of arginine supplementation in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, aging, peripheral artery disease, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Wafiq Khondkar
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Marco Bruno Morelli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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7
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Moretti R, Peinkhofer C. B Vitamins and Fatty Acids: What Do They Share with Small Vessel Disease-Related Dementia? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5797. [PMID: 31752183 PMCID: PMC6888477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been written on vitamin supplementation, fatty acid, and dementia, but results are still under debate, and no definite conclusion has yet been drawn. Nevertheless, a significant amount of lab evidence confirms that vitamins of the B group are tightly related to gene control for endothelium protection, act as antioxidants, play a co-enzymatic role in the most critical biochemical reactions inside the brain, and cooperate with many other elements, such as choline, for the synthesis of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine, through S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) methyl donation. B-vitamins have anti-inflammatory properties and act in protective roles against neurodegenerative mechanisms, for example, through modulation of the glutamate currents and a reduction of the calcium currents. In addition, they also have extraordinary antioxidant properties. However, laboratory data are far from clinical practice. Many studies have tried to apply these results in everyday clinical activity, but results have been discouraging and far from a possible resolution of the associated mysteries, like those represented by Alzheimer's disease (AD) or small vessel disease dementia. Above all, two significant problems emerge from the research: No consensus exists on general diagnostic criteria-MCI or AD? Which diagnostic criteria should be applied for small vessel disease-related dementia? In addition, no general schema exists for determining a possible correct time of implementation to have effective results. Here we present an up-to-date review of the literature on such topics, shedding some light on the possible interaction of vitamins and phosphatidylcholine, and their role in brain metabolism and catabolism. Further studies should take into account all of these questions, with well-designed and world-homogeneous trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moretti
- Neurology Clinic, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
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Lee GH, Hoang TH, Jung ES, Jung SJ, Chae SW, Chae HJ. Mulberry Extract Attenuates Endothelial Dysfunction through the Regulation of Uncoupling Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in High Fat Diet Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11050978. [PMID: 31035424 PMCID: PMC6566444 DOI: 10.3390/nu11050978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is associated with endothelial dysfunction, which is linked to nitric oxide (NO) biology. The coupling of endothelial NO synthase with cofactors is a major step for NO release. This study is aimed to investigate the vascular pharmacology effects of mulberry in rat thoracic aorta and human vascular endothelial cells. In vitro, we investigated the protective effects of the mulberry extract and its main component cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C-3-R), against oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling. Whereas ox-LDL significantly decreased NO levels in endothelial cells, mulberry extract, and C-3-R significantly recovered NO levels and phospho-eNOS Thr495 and Ser1177 expression. In vivo, mulberry was administered to 60% of high-fat diet (w/w)-fed Sprague Dawley (SD) rats for six weeks, in which endothelium-dependent relaxations were significantly improved in organ bath studies and isometric tension recordings. Consistently, aortic expressions of phospho-eNOS and nitrotyrosine were increased. Mulberry also raised serum NO levels, increased phosphorylation of eNOS, and reduced nitrotyrosine and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in aortas, showing that mulberry preserves endothelium-dependent relaxation in aortas from high-fat diet rats. We suggest that this effect is mediated through enhanced NO bioavailability, in which the regulation of ROS and its reduced eNOS uncoupling are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Hwa Lee
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, Korea.
| | - The-Hiep Hoang
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, Korea.
| | - Eun-Soo Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods (CTCF2), Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, Korea.
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods (CTCF2), Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, Korea.
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods (CTCF2), Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Chonbuk, Korea.
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Chonbuk, Korea.
- Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Chonbuk, Korea.
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9
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Zhang S, Guo S, Gao XB, Liu A, Jiang W, Chen X, Yang P, Liu LN, Shi L, Zhang Y. Matrine attenuates high-fat diet-induced in vivo and ox-LDL-induced in vitro vascular injury by regulating the PKCα/eNOS and PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2731-2743. [PMID: 30770623 PMCID: PMC6433715 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders lead to vascular endothelial injury. Matrine is an alkaloid that has been used to improve obesity and diabetes and for the treatment of hepatitis B. However, its effect on lipid metabolism disorders and vascular injury is unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of matrine on high‐fat diet fed mice and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Computational virtual docking analyses, phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase C‐α (PKCα) inhibitors were used to localize matrine in vascular injuries. The results showed that matrine‐treated mice were more resistant to abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammation than vehicle‐treated mice and exhibited significantly alleviated ox‐LDL‐stimulated dysfunction of HUVECs, restored diminished nitric oxide release, decreased reactive oxygen species generation and increased expression phosphorylation of AKT‐Ser473 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)‐Ser1177. Matrine not only up‐regulates eNOS‐Ser1177 but also down‐regulates eNOS‐Thr495, a PKCα‐controlled negative regulator of eNOS. Using computational virtual docking analyses and biochemical assays, matrine was also shown to influence eNOS/NO via PKCα inhibition. Moreover, the protective effects of matrine were significantly abolished by the simultaneous application of PKCα and the PI3K inhibitor. Matrine may thus be potentially employed as a novel therapeutic strategy against high‐fat diet‐induced vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shun Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao-Bo Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lin-Na Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, PR China
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Low shear stress induces vascular eNOS uncoupling via autophagy-mediated eNOS phosphorylation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:709-720. [PMID: 29466710 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces O2- instead of nitric oxide (NO). Earlier, we reported rapamycin, an autophagy inducer and inhibitor of cellular proliferation, attenuated low shear stress (SS) induced O2- production. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether autophagy plays a critical role in the regulation of eNOS uncoupling. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the modulation of autophagy on eNOS uncoupling induced by low SS exposure. We found that low SS induced endothelial O2- burst, which was accompanied by reduced NO release. Furthermore, inhibition of eNOS by L-NAME conspicuously attenuated low SS-induced O2- releasing, indicating eNOS uncoupling. Autophagy markers such as LC3 II/I ratio, amount of Beclin1, as well as ULK1/Atg1 were increased during low SS exposure, whereas autophagic degradation of p62/SQSTM1 was markedly reduced, implying impaired autophagic flux. Interestingly, low SS-induced NO reduction could be reversed by rapamycin, WYE-354 or ATG5 overexpression vector via restoration of autophagic flux, but not by N-acetylcysteine or apocynin. eNOS uncoupling might be ascribed to autophagic flux blockade because phosphorylation of eNOS Thr495 by low SS or PMA stimulation was also regulated by autophagy. In contrast, eNOS acetylation was not found to be regulated by low SS and autophagy. Notably, although low SS had no influence on eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation, whereas boosted eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation by rapamycin were in favor of the eNOS recoupling through restoration of autophagic flux. Taken together, we reported a novel mechanism for regulation of eNOS uncoupling by low SS via autophagy-mediated eNOS phosphorylation, which is implicated in geometrical nature of atherogenesis.
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11
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Rossmann C, Nusshold C, Paar M, Ledinski G, Tafeit E, Koestenberger M, Bernhart EM, Sattler W, Cvirn G, Hallström S. Ethyl pyruvate inhibits oxidation of LDL in vitro and attenuates oxLDL toxicity in EA.hy926 cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191477. [PMID: 29370236 PMCID: PMC5784938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethyl pyruvate (EP) exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties. The aim of our study was to investigate whether EP is capable of inhibiting the oxidation of LDL, a crucial step in atherogenesis. Additionally, we examined whether EP attenuates the cytotoxic effects of highly oxidized LDL in the human vascular endothelial cell line EA.hy926. Methods Native LDL (nLDL) was oxidized using Cu2+ ions in the presence of increasing amounts of EP. The degree of LDL oxidation was quantified by measuring lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, relative electrophoretic mobilities (REMs), and oxidation-specific immune epitopes. The cytotoxicity of these oxLDLs on EA.hy926 cells was assessed by measuring cell viability and superoxide levels. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of highly oxidized LDL on EA.hy926 cells under increasing concentrations of EP in the media was assessed including measurements of high energy phosphates (ATP). Results Oxidation of nLDL using Cu2+ ions was remarkably inhibited by EP in a concentration-dependent manner, reflected by decreased levels of LPO, MDA, REM, oxidation-specific epitopes, and diminished cytotoxicity of the obtained oxLDLs in EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of highly oxidized LDL on EA.hy926 cells was remarkably attenuated by EP added to the media in a concentration-dependent manner reflected by a decrease in superoxide and an increase in viability and ATP levels. Conclusions EP has the potential for an anti-atherosclerotic drug by attenuating both, the oxidation of LDL and the cytotoxic effect of (already formed) oxLDL in EA.hy926 cells. Chronic administration of EP might be beneficial to impede the development of atherosclerotic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Rossmann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Nusshold
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margret Paar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Ledinski
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin Tafeit
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Eva Maria Bernhart
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sattler
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Cvirn
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- * E-mail:
| | - Seth Hallström
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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12
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Lee HY, Zeeshan HMA, Kim HR, Chae HJ. Nox4 regulates the eNOS uncoupling process in aging endothelial cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 113:26-35. [PMID: 28916474 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
ROS and its associated signaling contribute to vascular aging-associated endothelial disturbance. Since the non-effective endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) coupling status is related to vascular aging-related phenotypes, eNOS coupled/uncoupled system signaling was studied in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Nitric oxide (NO) and eNOS Ser1177 were significantly decreased, whereas O2- (superoxide anion radical) increased with passage number. In aging cells, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), one of the main superoxide generating enzymes, and its associated protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) chaperone were highly activated, and the resultant ER redox imbalance leads to disturbance of protein folding capability, namely endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ultimately inducing dissociation between HSP90 and IRE-1α or PERK, decreasing HSP90 stability and dissociating the binding of eNOS from the HSP90 and leading to eNOS uncoupling. Through chemical and Nox4 siRNA approaches, Nox4 and its linked ER stress were shown to mainly contribute to eNOS uncoupling and its associated signaling, suggesting that Nox4 and its related ER stress signaling are key signals of the aging process in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Young Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Hafiz Maher Ali Zeeshan
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Ryong Kim
- Daegu Gyeonbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST) Graduate School, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of New Drug Development, School of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Chonbuk, South Korea.
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13
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Mulberry and its main components protect against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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14
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Xie L, Gu Y, Wen M, Zhao S, Wang W, Ma Y, Meng G, Han Y, Wang Y, Liu G, Moore PK, Wang X, Wang H, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Ferro A, Huang Z, Ji Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Induces Keap1 S-sulfhydration and Suppresses Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis via Nrf2 Activation. Diabetes 2016; 65:3171-84. [PMID: 27335232 PMCID: PMC8928786 DOI: 10.2337/db16-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to have powerful antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties that can regulate multiple cardiovascular functions. However, its precise role in diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis remains unclear. We report here that H2S reduced aortic atherosclerotic plaque formation with reduction in superoxide (O2 (-)) generation and the adhesion molecules in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced LDLr(-/-) mice but not in LDLr(-/-)Nrf2(-/-) mice. In vitro, H2S inhibited foam cell formation, decreased O2 (-) generation, and increased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nuclear translocation and consequently heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression upregulation in high glucose (HG) plus oxidized LDL (ox-LDL)-treated primary peritoneal macrophages from wild-type but not Nrf2(-/-) mice. H2S also decreased O2 (-) and adhesion molecule levels and increased Nrf2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 expression, which were suppressed by Nrf2 knockdown in HG/ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells. H2S increased S-sulfhydration of Keap1, induced Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1, enhanced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, and inhibited O2 (-) generation, which were abrogated after Keap1 mutated at Cys151, but not Cys273, in endothelial cells. Collectively, H2S attenuates diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis, which may be related to inhibition of oxidative stress via Keap1 sulfhydrylation at Cys151 to activate Nrf2 signaling. This may provide a novel therapeutic target to prevent atherosclerosis in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingliang Wen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Philip K Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Wang
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K
| | - Hong Wang
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Albert Ferro
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Division, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Zhengrong Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xie L, Feng H, Li S, Meng G, Liu S, Tang X, Ma Y, Han Y, Xiao Y, Gu Y, Shao Y, Park CM, Xian M, Huang Y, Ferro A, Wang R, Moore PK, Wang H, Ji Y. SIRT3 Mediates the Antioxidant Effect of Hydrogen Sulfide in Endothelial Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 24:329-43. [PMID: 26422756 PMCID: PMC4761821 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM Oxidative stress is a key contributor to endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular pathogenesis. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an antioxidant gasotransmitter that protects endothelial cells against oxidative stress. Sirtuin3 (SIRT3), which belongs to the silent information regulator 2 (SIR2) family, is an important deacetylase under oxidative stress. H2S is able to regulate the activity of several sirtuins. The present study aims to investigate the role of SIRT3 in the antioxidant effect of H2S in endothelial cells. RESULTS Cultured EA.hy926 endothelial cells were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a model of oxidative stress-induced cell injury. GYY4137, a slow-releasing H2S donor, improved cell viability, reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis, and improved mitochondrial function following H2O2 treatment. H2S reversed the stimulation of MAPK phosphorylation, downregulation of SIRT3 mRNA and reduction of the superoxide dismutase 2 and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 expression which were induced by H2O2. H2S also increased activator protein 1 (AP-1) binding activity with SIRT3 promoter and this effect was absent in the presence of the specific AP-1 inhibitor, SR11302 or curcumin. Paraquat administration to mice induced a defected endothelium-dependent aortic vasodilatation and increased oxidative stress in both mouse aorta and small mesenteric artery, which were alleviated by GYY4137 treatment. This vasoprotective effect of H2S was absent in SIRT3 knockout mice. INNOVATION The present results highlight a novel role for SIRT3 in the protective effect of H2S against oxidant damage in the endothelium both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION H2S enhances AP-1 binding activity with the SIRT3 promoter, thereby upregulating SIRT3 expression and ultimately reducing oxidant-provoked vascular endothelial dysfunction. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 329-343.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Haihua Feng
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Li
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Guoliang Meng
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China .,2 Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University , Nantong, China
| | - Shangmin Liu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Tang
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Han
- 3 Department of Geriatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Yujiao Xiao
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Gu
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Yongfeng Shao
- 4 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
| | - Chung-Min Park
- 5 Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
| | - Ming Xian
- 5 Department of Chemistry, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington
| | - Yu Huang
- 6 Institute of Vascular Biology, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, China
| | - Albert Ferro
- 7 Cardiovascular Division, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, King's College London , London, United Kingdom
| | - Rui Wang
- 8 Department of Biology, Cardivascular and Molecular Research Unit, Lakehead University , Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip K Moore
- 9 Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore , Singapore
| | - Hong Wang
- 10 Department of Pharmacology, Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Temple University School of Medicine , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yong Ji
- 1 Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing, China
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16
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Hypochlorite-Modified Albumin Upregulates ICAM-1 Expression via a MAPK-NF-κB Signaling Cascade: Protective Effects of Apocynin. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1852340. [PMID: 26881015 PMCID: PMC4736979 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1852340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypochlorite-modified albumin (HOCl-alb) has been linked to endothelial dysfunction, which plays an important role in the development of hypertension, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. However, whether HOCl-alb induces endothelial dysfunction via vascular inflammation and whether a signaling pathway is involved are unknown and have not been investigated. HOCl-alb was found to upregulate ICAM-1 expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. HOCl-alb time-dependently phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38(MAPK). HOCl-alb also activated NF-κB. ICAM-1 expression was dose-dependently inhibited by U0126 (a specific inhibitor of MEK1/2, a signal upstream from ERK1/2), SB203580 (a specific inhibitor of p38(MAPK)), and SN50 (a specific inhibitor of NF-κB). U0126 and SB203580 both counteracted the activation of NF-κB, whereas the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38(MAPK) was not blocked by SN50. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was blocked by U0126 but not by SB203580, and p38(MAPK) activity was reduced by SB203580 but not by U0126. Apocynin, a specific NADPH oxidase (NOX) inhibitor, inhibited ICAM-1 expression and the activity of ERK1/2, p38(MAPK), and NF-κB. These results indicate that HOCl-alb-induced ICAM-1 expression is caused by the activation of a redox-sensitive intracellular signal cascade involving ERK1/2 and p38(MAPK), culminating in the activation of NF-κB and involving NOXs among the upstream signals.
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Meng G, Ma Y, Xie L, Ferro A, Ji Y. Emerging role of hydrogen sulfide in hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5501-11. [PMID: 25204754 PMCID: PMC4667855 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) has traditionally been viewed as a highly toxic gas; however, recent studies have implicated H2 S as a third member of the gasotransmitter family, exhibiting properties similar to NO and carbon monoxide. Accumulating evidence has suggested that H2 S influences a wide range of physiological and pathological processes, among which blood vessel relaxation, cardioprotection and atherosclerosis have been particularly studied. In the cardiovascular system, H2 S production is predominantly catalyzed by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). Decreased endogenous H2 S levels have been found in hypertensive patients and animals, and CSE(-/-) mice develop hypertension with age, suggesting that a deficiency in H2 S contributes importantly to BP regulation. H2 S supplementation attenuates hypertension in different hypertensive animal models. The mechanism by which H2 S was originally proposed to attenuate hypertension was by virtue of its action on vascular tone, which may be related to effects on different ion channels. Both H2 S and NO cause vasodilatation and there is cross-talk between these two molecules to regulate BP. Suppression of oxidative stress may also contribute to antihypertensive effects of H2 S. This review also summarizes the state of research on H2 S and hypertension in China. A better understanding of the role of H2 S in hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases will allow novel strategies to be devised for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research CentreNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Yan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research CentreNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Liping Xie
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research CentreNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Albert Ferro
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyCardiovascular DivisionSchool of MedicineKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Atherosclerosis Research CentreNanjing Medical UniversityNanjingChina
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18
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Hussein D, Starr A, Heikal L, McNeill E, Channon KM, Brown PR, Sutton BJ, McDonnell JM, Nandi M. Validating the GTP-cyclohydrolase 1-feedback regulatory complex as a therapeutic target using biophysical and in vivo approaches. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4146-57. [PMID: 26014146 PMCID: PMC4543619 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 6R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ) is an essential cofactor for nitric oxide biosynthesis. Substantial clinical evidence indicates that intravenous BH4 restores vascular function in patients. Unfortunately, oral BH4 has limited efficacy. Therefore, orally bioavailable pharmacological activators of endogenous BH4 biosynthesis hold significant therapeutic potential. GTP-cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1), the rate limiting enzyme in BH4 synthesis, forms a protein complex with GCH1 feedback regulatory protein (GFRP). This complex is subject to allosteric feed-forward activation by L-phenylalanine (L-phe). We investigated the effects of L-phe on the biophysical interactions of GCH1 and GFRP and its potential to alter BH4 levels in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Detailed characterization of GCH1-GFRP protein-protein interactions were performed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with or without L-phe. Effects on systemic and vascular BH4 biosynthesis in vivo were investigated following L-phe treatment (100 mg·kg(-1) , p.o.). KEY RESULTS GCH1 and GFRP proteins interacted in the absence of known ligands or substrate but the presence of L-phe doubled maximal binding and enhanced binding affinity eightfold. Furthermore, the complex displayed very slow association and dissociation rates. In vivo, L-phe challenge induced a sustained elevation of aortic BH4 , an effect absent in GCH1(fl/fl)-Tie2Cre mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Biophysical data indicate that GCH1 and GFRP are constitutively bound. In vivo, data demonstrated that L-phe elevated vascular BH4 in an endothelial GCH1 dependent manner. Pharmacological agents which mimic the allosteric effects of L-phe on the GCH1-GFRP complex have the potential to elevate endothelial BH4 biosynthesis for numerous cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hussein
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - A Starr
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - L Heikal
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - E McNeill
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxford, UK
| | - K M Channon
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxford, UK
| | - P R Brown
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - B J Sutton
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - J M McDonnell
- The Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - M Nandi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College LondonLondon, UK
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Shikonin inhibits oxidized LDL-induced monocyte adhesion by suppressing NFκB activation via up-regulation of PI3K/Akt/Nrf2-dependent antioxidation in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 93:352-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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20
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Xu L, Wang S, Li B, Sun A, Zou Y, Ge J. A protective role of ciglitazone in ox-LDL-induced rat microvascular endothelial cells via modulating PPARγ-dependent AMPK/eNOS pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 19:92-102. [PMID: 25388834 PMCID: PMC4288353 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones, the antidiabetic agents such as ciglitazone, has been proved to be effective in limiting atherosclerotic events. However, the underlying mechanism remains elucidative. Ox-LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) plays a central role in ox-LDL-mediated atherosclerosis via endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and nitric oxide reduction. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that ciglitazone, the PPARγ agonist, protected endothelial cells against ox-LDL through regulating eNOS activity and LOX-1 signalling. In the present study, rat microvascular endothelial cells (RMVECs) were stimulated by ox-LDL. The impact of ciglitazone on cell apoptosis and angiogenesis, eNOS expression and phosphorylation, nitric oxide synthesis and related AMPK, Akt and VEGF signalling pathway were observed. Our data showed that both eNOS and Akt phosphorylation, VEGF expression and nitric oxide production were significantly decreased, RMVECs ageing and apoptosis increased after ox-LDL induction for 24 hrs, all of which were effectively reversed by ciglitazone pre-treatment. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was suppressed by ox-LDL, which was also prevented by ciglitazone. Of interest, AMPK inhibition abolished ciglitazone-mediated eNOS function, nitric oxide synthesis and angiogenesis, and increased RMVECs ageing and apoptosis. Further experiments showed that inhibition of PPARγ significantly suppressed AMPK phosphorylation, eNOS expression and nitric oxide production. Ciglitazone-mediated angiogenesis and reduced cell ageing and apoptosis were reversed. Furthermore, LOX-1 protein expression in RMVECs was suppressed by ciglitazone, but re-enhanced by blocking PPARγ or AMPK. Ox-LDL-induced suppression of eNOS and nitric oxide synthesis were largely prevented by silencing LOX-1. Collectively, these data demonstrate that ciglitazone-mediated PPARγ activation suppresses LOX-1 and moderates AMPK/eNOS pathway, which contributes to endothelial cell survival and function preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Institutes of Biomedical Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Sun X, Kumar S, Sharma S, Aggarwal S, Lu Q, Gross C, Rafikova O, Lee SG, Dasarathy S, Hou Y, Meadows ML, Han W, Su Y, Fineman JR, Black SM. Endothelin-1 induces a glycolytic switch in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells via the mitochondrial translocation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:1084-95. [PMID: 24392990 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0187oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that, during the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH), there is a switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in the pulmonary endothelium. However, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been elucidated. Endothelin (ET)-1, an endothelial-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, is increased in PH, and has been shown to play an important role in the oxidative stress associated with PH. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether there was a potential link between increases in ET-1 and mitochondrial remodeling. Our data indicate that ET-1 induces the redistribution of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from the plasma membrane to the mitochondria in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, and that this was dependent on eNOS uncoupling. We also found that ET-1 disturbed carnitine metabolism, resulting in the attenuation of mitochondrial bioenergetics. However, ATP levels were unchanged due to a compensatory increase in glycolysis. Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that ET-1 mediated the redistribution of eNOS via the phosphorylation of eNOS at Thr495 by protein kinase C δ. In addition, the glycolytic switch appeared to be dependent on mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species that led to the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor signaling. Finally, the cell culture data were confirmed in vivo using the monocrotaline rat model of PH. Thus, we conclude that ET-1 induces a glycolytic switch in pulmonary arterial endothelial cells via the redistribution of uncoupled eNOS to the mitochondria, and that preventing this event may be an approach for the treatment of PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xutong Sun
- 1 Pulmonary Disease Program, Vascular Biology Center, and
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Jo‐Watanabe A, Ohse T, Nishimatsu H, Takahashi M, Ikeda Y, Wada T, Shirakawa J, Nagai R, Miyata T, Nagano T, Hirata Y, Inagi R, Nangaku M. Glyoxalase I reduces glycative and oxidative stress and prevents age-related endothelial dysfunction through modulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation. Aging Cell 2014; 13:519-28. [PMID: 24612481 PMCID: PMC4326886 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in elderly people. Studies have demonstrated the role of glycation in endothelial dysfunction in nonphysiological models, but the physiological role of glycation in age-related endothelial dysfunction has been poorly addressed. Here, to investigate how vascular glycation affects age-related endothelial function, we employed rats systemically overexpressing glyoxalase I (GLO1), which detoxifies methylglyoxal (MG), a representative precursor of glycation. Four groups of rats were examined, namely young (13 weeks old), mid-age (53 weeks old) wild-type, and GLO1 transgenic (WT/GLO1 Tg) rats. Age-related acceleration in glycation was attenuated in GLO1 Tg rats, together with lower aortic carboxymethyllysine (CML) and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels. Age-related impairment of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was attenuated in GLO1 Tg rats, whereas endothelium-independent vasorelaxation was not different between WT and GLO1 Tg rats. Nitric oxide (NO) production was decreased in mid-age WT rats, but not in mid-age GLO1 Tg rats. Age-related inactivation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) due to phosphorylation of eNOS on Thr495 and dephosphorylation on Ser1177 was ameliorated in GLO1 Tg rats. In vitro, MG increased phosphorylation of eNOS (Thr495) in primary human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), and overexpression of GLO1 decreased glycative stress and phosphorylation of eNOS (Thr495). Together, GLO1 reduced age-related endothelial glycative and oxidative stress, altered phohphorylation of eNOS, and attenuated endothelial dysfunction. As a molecular mechanism, GLO1 lessened inhibitory phosphorylation of eNOS (Thr495) by reducing glycative stress. Our study demonstrates that blunting glycative stress prevents the long-term impact of endothelial dysfunction on vascular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takamoto Ohse
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Masao Takahashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Takehiko Wada
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun‐ichi Shirakawa
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology Department of Bioscience School of Agriculture Tokai University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Ryoji Nagai
- Laboratory of Food and Regulation Biology Department of Bioscience School of Agriculture Tokai University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Graduate School of Medicine Tohoku University Miyagi Japan
| | - Tetsuo Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences the University of TokyoTokyo Japan
| | | | - Reiko Inagi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology Tokyo Japan
- Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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