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Jung DE, Seo MK, Jo JH, Kim K, Kim C, Kang H, Park SB, Lee HS, Kim S, Song SY. PUM1-TRAF3 fusion protein activates non-canonical NF-κB signaling via rescued NIK in biliary tract cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:170. [PMID: 39090283 PMCID: PMC11294552 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00654-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Discovery and verification of diagnostic or therapeutic biomarkers for biliary tract cancer (BTC) is challenging owing to the low prevalence of the disease. Here, we identified and investigated the clinical impact of a fusion gene, Pumilio1-tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (PUM1-TRAF3), caused by 1;14 chromosomal translocation in BTC. PUM1-TRAF3 was initially identified in the RNA-sequencing of five BTC surgical tissues and confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Expression of the fusion gene was validated in an expanded cohort (5/55, 9.1%). Establishment and molecular assessment of PUM1-TRAF3 expressing BTC cells revealed that PUM1-TRAF3 activates non-canonical NF-κB signaling via NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK). Abnormal TRAF3 activity, driven by competitive binding of PUM1-TRAF3 and TRAF3 to NIK, led to NIK rescue followed by P52/RelB nuclear translocation, all of which were reverted by an NIK inhibitor. The elevated expression of NIK and activated NF-κB signaling was observed in the PUM1-TRAF3-expressing regions of patient tissues. Expression of the PUM1-TRAF3 fusion was significantly correlated with strong NIK expression, which is associated with a poorer prognosis for patients with BTC. Overall, our study identifies a new fusion gene, PUM1-TRAF3, that activates NIK and non-canonical NF-κB signaling, which may be beneficial for developing precise treatment strategies for BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawoon E Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Mi-Kyoung Seo
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Jo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kahee Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanyang Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyundeok Kang
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Been Park
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Seung Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Si Young Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Riley C, Ammar U, Alsfouk A, Anthony NG, Baiget J, Berretta G, Breen D, Huggan J, Lawson C, McIntosh K, Plevin R, Suckling CJ, Young LC, Paul A, Mackay SP. Design and Synthesis of Novel Aminoindazole-pyrrolo[2,3- b]pyridine Inhibitors of IKKα That Selectively Perturb Cellular Non-Canonical NF-κB Signalling. Molecules 2024; 29:3515. [PMID: 39124921 PMCID: PMC11314561 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory-kappaB kinases (IKKs) IKKα and IKKβ play central roles in regulating the non-canonical and canonical NF-κB signalling pathways. Whilst the proteins that transduce the signals of each pathway have been extensively characterised, the clear dissection of the functional roles of IKKα-mediated non-canonical NF-κB signalling versus IKKβ-driven canonical signalling remains to be fully elucidated. Progress has relied upon complementary molecular and pharmacological tools; however, the lack of highly potent and selective IKKα inhibitors has limited advances. Herein, we report the development of an aminoindazole-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold into a novel series of IKKα inhibitors. We demonstrate high potency and selectivity against IKKα over IKKβ in vitro and explain the structure-activity relationships using structure-based molecular modelling. We show selective target engagement with IKKα in the non-canonical NF-κB pathway for both U2OS osteosarcoma and PC-3M prostate cancer cells by employing isoform-related pharmacodynamic markers from both pathways. Two compounds (SU1261 [IKKα Ki = 10 nM; IKKβ Ki = 680 nM] and SU1349 [IKKα Ki = 16 nM; IKKβ Ki = 3352 nM]) represent the first selective and potent pharmacological tools that can be used to interrogate the different signalling functions of IKKα and IKKβ in cells. Our understanding of the regulatory role of IKKα in various inflammatory-based conditions will be advanced using these pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Riley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Usama Ammar
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Aisha Alsfouk
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nahoum G. Anthony
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Jessica Baiget
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Giacomo Berretta
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - David Breen
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Judith Huggan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Christopher Lawson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Kathryn McIntosh
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Robin Plevin
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Colin J. Suckling
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
| | - Louise C. Young
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Simon P. Mackay
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
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3
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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Isothiocyanates: Insights from Sulforaphane. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1169. [PMID: 38927376 PMCID: PMC11200786 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) belong to a group of natural products that possess a highly reactive electrophilic -N=C=S functional group. They are stored in plants as precursor molecules, glucosinolates, which are processed by the tyrosinase enzyme upon plant tissue damage to release ITCs, along with other products. Isolated from broccoli, sulforaphane is by far the most studied antioxidant ITC, acting primarily through the induction of a transcription factor, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates downstream antioxidant genes/proteins. Paradoxically, sulforaphane, as a pro-oxidant compound, can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species, a mechanism which is attributed to its anticancer effect. Beyond highlighting the common pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of sulforaphane, the present paper was designed to assess the diverse anti-inflammatory mechanisms reported to date using a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Sulforaphane downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, cycloxyhenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The signalling pathways of nuclear factor κB, activator protein 1, sirtuins 1, silent information regulator sirtuin 1 and 3, and microRNAs are among those affected by sulforaphane. These anti-inflammatory actions are sometimes due to direct action via interaction with the sulfhydryl structural moiety of cysteine residues in enzymes/proteins. The following are among the topics discussed in this paper: paradoxical signalling pathways such as the immunosuppressant or immunostimulant mechanisms; crosstalk between the oxidative and inflammatory pathways; and effects dependent on health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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Wang R, Su D, Liu Y, Huang H, Qiu J, Cao Z, Yang G, Chen H, Luo W, Tao J, Weng G, Zhang T. The NF-κB/NUAK2 signaling axis regulates pancreatic cancer progression by targeting SMAD2/3. iScience 2024; 27:109406. [PMID: 38510132 PMCID: PMC10951638 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays a pivotal role in the development of pancreatic cancer, and its phosphorylation has previously been linked to the regulation of NUAK2. However, the regulatory connection between NF-κB and NUAK2, as well as NUAK2's role in pancreatic cancer, remains unclear. In this study, we observed that inhibiting NUAK2 impeded the proliferation, migration, and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells while triggering apoptosis. NUAK2 overexpression partially resisted apoptosis and reversed the inhibitory effects of the NF-κB inhibitor. NF-κB transcriptionally regulated NUAK2 transcription by binding to the promoter region of NUAK2. Mechanistically, NUAK2 knockdown remarkably reduced the expression levels of p-SMAD2/3 and SMAD2/3, resulting in decreased nuclear translocation of SMAD4. In SMAD4-negative cells, NUAK2 knockdown impacted FAK signaling by downregulating SMAD2/3. Moreover, NUAK2 knockdown heightened the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, suggesting that NUAK2 inhibitors could be a promising strategy for pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruobing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yueze Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jiangdong Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Wenhao Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jinxin Tao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Guihu Weng
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Taiping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
- Clinical Immunology Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
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Bansal A, Kooi C, Kalyanaraman K, Gill S, Thorne A, Chandramohan P, Necker-Brown A, Mostafa MM, Milani A, Leigh R, Newton R. Synergy between Interleukin-1 β, Interferon- γ, and Glucocorticoids to Induce TLR2 Expression Involves NF- κB, STAT1, and the Glucocorticoid Receptor. Mol Pharmacol 2023; 105:23-38. [PMID: 37863662 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.123.000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids act via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR; NR3C1) to downregulate inflammatory gene expression and are effective treatments for mild to moderate asthma. However, in severe asthma and virus-induced exacerbations, glucocorticoid therapies are less efficacious, possibly due to reduced repressive ability and/or the increased expression of proinflammatory genes. In human A549 epithelial and primary human bronchial epithelial cells, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 mRNA and protein were supra-additively induced by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plus dexamethasone (IL-1β+Dex), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) plus dexamethasone (IFN-γ+Dex), and IL-1β plus IFN-γ plus dexamethasone (IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex). Indeed, ∼34- to 2100-fold increases were apparent at 24 hours for IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex, and this was greater than for any single or dual treatment. Using the A549 cell model, TLR2 induction by IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex was antagonized by Org34517, a competitive GR antagonist. Further, when combined with IL-1β, IFN-γ, or IL-1β+IFN-γ, the enhancements by dexamethasone on TLR2 expression required GR. Likewise, inhibitor of κB kinase 2 inhibitors reduced IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex-induced TLR2 expression, and TLR2 expression induced by IL-1β+Dex, with or without IFN-γ, required the nuclear factor (NF)-κB subunit, p65. Similarly, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-1 phosphorylation and γ-interferon-activated sequence-dependent transcription were induced by IFN-γ These, along with IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex-induced TLR2 expression, were inhibited by Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. As IL-1β+IFN-γ+Dex-induced TLR2 expression also required STAT1, this study reveals cooperation between JAK-STAT1, NF-κB, and GR to upregulate TLR2 expression. Since TLR2 agonism elicits inflammatory responses, we propose that synergies involving TLR2 may occur within the cytokine milieu present in the immunopathology of glucocorticoid-resistant disease, and this could promote glucocorticoid resistance. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study highlights that in human pulmonary epithelial cells, glucocorticoids, when combined with the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), can synergistically induce the expression of inflammatory genes, such as TLR2. This effect involved positive combinatorial interactions between NF-κB/p65, glucocorticoid receptor, and JAK-STAT1 signaling to synergistically upregulate TLR2 expression. Thus, synergies involving glucocorticoid enhancement of TLR2 expression may occur in the immunopathology of glucocorticoid-resistant inflammatory diseases, including severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Bansal
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cora Kooi
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keerthana Kalyanaraman
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sachman Gill
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew Thorne
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Priyanka Chandramohan
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amandah Necker-Brown
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mahmoud M Mostafa
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arya Milani
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Richard Leigh
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Robert Newton
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology (A.B., K.K., S.G., A.T., P.C., A.N.-B., M.M.M., A.M., R.N.) and Medicine (C.K., R.L.), Lung Health Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Ko HJ, Jang HA, Park KB, Kim CE, Patnaik BB, Lee YS, Han YS, Jo YH. IKKβ regulates antimicrobial innate immune responses in the yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 147:104761. [PMID: 37331676 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Toll and IMD pathways regulate antimicrobial innate immune responses in insect model systems. The transcriptional activation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) confers humoral immunity in the host against invaded pathogens. The IKK kinase complex (IKKα, IKKβ, and the regulatory subunit IKKγ/NEMO) centrally regulates the NF-κB response to various stimuli. It triggers an appropriate antimicrobial immune response in the host. In this study, a TmIKKβ (or TmIrd5) homolog was screened from the RNA-seq database of the coleopteran beetle, Tenebrio molitor. A single exon characterizes the TmIKKβ gene, and the open reading frame (ORF) comprises of 2112 bp that putatively encodes a polypeptide of 703 amino acid residues. TmIKKβ contains a serine/threonine kinase domain and is phylogenetically close to Tribolium castaneum IKKβ homolog (TcIKKβ). TmIKKβ transcripts were highly expressed in the early pupal (P1) and adult (A5) stages. Among the tissues, TmIKKβ showed higher expression in the integument of the last instar larvae and the fat body and hemocytes of 5-day-old adults. TmIKKβ mRNA was upregulated post-E. coli challenge to the host. Moreover, RNAi-based TmIKKβ mRNA silencing increased host larvae' susceptibility against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans. TmIKKβ RNAi in the fat body led to a downregulation in mRNA expression of ten out of fourteen AMP genes, including TmTenecin1, -2, and -4; TmDefensin, and -like; TmColeoptericinA, and -B; and TmAttacin1a, -1b, and -2, suggesting the requirement of the gene in antimicrobial innate immune responses. Further, a decrease in the mRNA expression of NF-κB factors such as TmRelish, TmDorsal1, and TmDorsal2 in the fat body of T. molitor larvae was observed post-microorganisms challenge. Thus, TmIKKβ regulates antimicrobial innate immune responses in T. molitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Ko
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Am Jang
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Beom Park
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Kim
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Bharat Bhusan Patnaik
- Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea; P.G Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Nuapadhi, Balasore, Odisha, 756089, India
| | - Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea; Korea Native Animal Resources Utilization Convergence Research Institute (KNAR), Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Chungnam, South Korea
| | - Yeon Soo Han
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Environmentally-Friendly Agriculture (IEFA), College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Hun Jo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan City, 31538, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Zhang J, Zhang R, Li W, Ma XC, Qiu F, Sun CP. IκB kinase β (IKKβ): Structure, transduction mechanism, biological function, and discovery of its inhibitors. Int J Biol Sci 2023; 19:4181-4203. [PMID: 37705738 PMCID: PMC10496512 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.85158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective approach to discover innovative drugs will ask natural products for answers because of their complex and changeable structures and multiple biological activities. Inhibitory kappa B kinase beta (IKKβ), known as IKK2, is a key regulatory kinase responsible for the activation of NF-κB through its phosphorylation at Ser177 and Ser181 to promote the phosphorylation of inhibitors of kappa B (IκBs), triggering their ubiquitination and degradation to active the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) cascade. Chemical inhibition of IKKβ or its genetic knockout has become an effective method to block NF-κB-mediated proliferation and migration of tumor cells and inflammatory response. In this review, we summarized the structural feature and transduction mechanism of IKKβ and the discovery of inhibitors from natural resources (e.g. sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids) and chemical synthesis (e.g. pyrimidines, pyridines, pyrazines, quinoxalines, thiophenes, and thiazolidines). In addition, the biosynthetic pathway of novel natural IKKβ inhibitors and their biological potentials were discussed. This review will provide inspiration for the structural modification of IKKβ inhibitors based on the skeleton of natural products or chemical synthesis and further phytochemistry investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518061, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Cheng-Peng Sun
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- College of Pharmacy, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
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McIntosh K, Khalaf YH, Craig R, West C, McCulloch A, Waghmare A, Lawson C, Chan EYW, Mackay S, Paul A, Plevin R. IL-1β stimulates a novel, IKKα -dependent, NIK -independent activation of non-canonical NFκB signalling. Cell Signal 2023; 107:110684. [PMID: 37080443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the activation of non-canonical nuclear factor Kappa B (NFκB) signalling in U2OS cells, a cellular metastatic bone cancer model. Whilst Lymphotoxin α1β2 (LTα1β2) stimulated the expected slow, delayed, sustained activation of serine 866/870 p100 phosphorylation and increased cellular expression of p52 NFκB, we found that canonical agonists, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and also Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) generated a rapid transient increase in pp100, which was maximal by 15-30 min. This rapid phosphorylation was also observed in other cells types, such as DU145 and HCAECs suggesting the phenomenon is universal. IKKα deletion using CRISPR/Cas9 revealed an IKKα-dependent mechanism for serine 866/870 and additionally serine 872 p100 phosphorylation for both IL-1β and LTα1β2. In contrast, knockdown of IKKβ using siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of IKKβ activity was without effect on p100 phosphorylation. Pre-incubation of cells with the NFκB inducing-kinase (NIK) inhibitor, CW15337, had no effect on IL-1β induced phosphorylation of p100 however, the response to LTα1β2 was virtually abolished. Surprisingly IL-1β also stimulated p52 nuclear translocation as early as 60 min, this response and the concomitant p65 translocation was partially reduced by IKKα deletion. Furthermore, p52 nuclear translocation was unaffected by CW15337. In contrast, the response to LTα1β2 was essentially abolished by both IKKα deletion and CW15337. Taken together, these finding reveal novel forms of NFκB non-canonical signalling stimulated by ligands that activate the canonical NFκB pathway strongly such as IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn McIntosh
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK.
| | - Yousif H Khalaf
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK
| | - Rachel Craig
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK
| | - Christopher West
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK
| | - Ashley McCulloch
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK
| | - Ajay Waghmare
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK
| | - Christopher Lawson
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK
| | - Edmond Y W Chan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular sciences, Queens University, Botterell Hall, Room 563, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Simon Mackay
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK
| | - Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK
| | - Robin Plevin
- Strathclyde Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE Scotland, UK.
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9
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Poladian N, Orujyan D, Narinyan W, Oganyan AK, Navasardyan I, Velpuri P, Chorbajian A, Venketaraman V. Role of NF-κB during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1772. [PMID: 36675296 PMCID: PMC9865913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) causes tuberculosis infection in humans worldwide, especially among immunocompromised populations and areas of the world with insufficient funding for tuberculosis treatment. Specifically, M. tb is predominantly exhibited as a latent infection, which poses a greater risk of reactivation for infected individuals. It has been previously shown that M. tb infection requires pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators to manage its associated granuloma formation via tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and caseum formation via IL-10, respectively. Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) has been found to play a unique mediator role in providing a pro-inflammatory response to chronic inflammatory disease processes by promoting the activation of macrophages and the release of various cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. NF-κB's role is especially interesting in its mechanism of assisting the immune system's defense against M. tb, wherein NF-κB induces IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) to decrease the immune response, but has also been shown to crucially assist in keeping a granuloma and bacterial load contained. In order to understand NF-κB's role in reducing M. tb infection, within this literature review we will discuss the dynamic interaction between M. tb and NF-κB, with a focus on the intracellular signaling pathways and the possible side effects of NF-κB inactivation on M. tb infection. Through a thorough review of these interactions, this review aims to highlight the role of NF-κB in M. tb infection for the purpose of better understanding the complex immune response to M. tb infection and to uncover further potential therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Poladian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Davit Orujyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - William Narinyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Armani K. Oganyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Ave, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Inesa Navasardyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Prathosh Velpuri
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Abraham Chorbajian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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10
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Gurram PC, Satarker S, Nassar A, Mudgal J, Nampoothiri M. Virtual structure-based docking and molecular dynamics of FDA-approved drugs for the identification of potential IKKB inhibitors possessing dopaminergic activity in Alzheimer’s disease. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn Alzheimer's disease (AD), neuroinflammation is detrimental in causing neurodegeneration. In the central nervous system, inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKK2/IKKβ/IKKB/IKBKB) signaling is linked to neuroinflammation-mediated learning and memory deficits through canonical pathway, while dopamine agonists have been known to reverse such effects. Our in silico analysis predicted if dopaminergic agonists could have IKKB inhibitory actions, to ameliorate neuroinflammation-associated learning and memory deficits. Here, the FDA-approved Zinc 15 database was screened with IKKB (PDB ID 4KIK). Potential molecules with IKKB inhibition were identified through docking, which also possessed dopaminergic activity. Molecular mechanics—generalized Born and surface area (MMGBSA), induced fit docking (IFD) and molecular dynamic (MD) studies of 100 ns simulation time were done. Apomorphine and rotigotine showed greater non-bonding and bonding interactions with amino acids of IKKB as compared to Aripiprazole in docking studies. The IFD studies predicted improved interactions with IKKB. MMGBSA scores indicated that the complex binding free energies were favorable, and MD studies showed an acceptable root mean square deviation between protein and ligands. The protein–ligand interactions showed hydrogen bonds, water and salt bridges necessary for IKKB inhibition, as well as solvent system stability. On the protein–ligand contact map, the varying color band intensities represented the ligand’s ability to bind with amino acids. Dopamine agonists apomorphine, rotigotine, and aripiprazole were predicted to bind and inhibit IKKB in in silico system.
Graphical Abstract
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11
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Wang Y, Deng W, Liu J, Yang Q, Chen Z, Su J, Xu J, Liang Q, Li T, Liu L, Li X. IKKβ increases neuropilin-2 and promotes the inhibitory function of CD9+ Bregs to control allergic diseases. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106517. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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12
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Verzella D, Cornice J, Arboretto P, Vecchiotti D, Di Vito Nolfi M, Capece D, Zazzeroni F, Franzoso G. The NF-κB Pharmacopeia: Novel Strategies to Subdue an Intractable Target. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2233. [PMID: 36140335 PMCID: PMC9496094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB transcription factors are major drivers of tumor initiation and progression. NF-κB signaling is constitutively activated by genetic alterations or environmental signals in many human cancers, where it contributes to almost all hallmarks of malignancy, including sustained proliferation, cell death resistance, tumor-promoting inflammation, metabolic reprogramming, tissue invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. As such, the NF-κB pathway is an attractive therapeutic target in a broad range of human cancers, as well as in numerous non-malignant diseases. Currently, however, there is no clinically useful NF-κB inhibitor to treat oncological patients, owing to the preclusive, on-target toxicities of systemic NF-κB blockade. In this review, we discuss the principal and most promising strategies being developed to circumvent the inherent limitations of conventional IκB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB-targeting drugs, focusing on new molecules that target upstream regulators or downstream effectors of oncogenic NF-κB signaling, as well as agents targeting individual NF-κB subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Verzella
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Jessica Cornice
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paola Arboretto
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Davide Vecchiotti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Vito Nolfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Daria Capece
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Francesca Zazzeroni
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences (DISCAB), University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Guido Franzoso
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
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13
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Vurusaner B, Thevkar-Nages P, Kaur R, Giannarelli C, Garabedian MJ, Fisher EA. Loss of PRMT2 in myeloid cells in normoglycemic mice phenocopies impaired regression of atherosclerosis in diabetic mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12031. [PMID: 35835907 PMCID: PMC9283439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15349-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The regression, or resolution, of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaques is impaired in diabetes. However, the factors mediating this effect remain incomplete. We identified protein arginine methyltransferase 2 (PRMT2) as a protein whose expression in macrophages is reduced in hyperglycemia and diabetes. PRMT2 catalyzes arginine methylation to target proteins to modulate gene expression. Because PRMT2 expression is reduced in cells in hyperglycemia, we wanted to determine whether PRMT2 plays a causal role in the impairment of atherosclerosis regression in diabetes. We, therefore, examined the consequence of deleting PRMT2 in myeloid cells during the regression of atherosclerosis in normal and diabetic mice. Remarkably, we found significant impairment of atherosclerosis regression under normoglycemic conditions in mice lacking PRMT2 (Prmt2-/-) in myeloid cells that mimic the decrease in regression of atherosclerosis in WT mice under diabetic conditions. This was associated with increased plaque macrophage retention, as well as increased apoptosis and necrosis. PRMT2-deficient plaque CD68+ cells under normoglycemic conditions showed increased expression of genes involved in cytokine signaling and inflammation compared to WT cells. Consistently, Prmt2-/- bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) showed an increased response of proinflammatory genes to LPS and a decreased response of inflammation resolving genes to IL-4. This increased response to LPS in Prmt2-/- BMDMs occurs via enhanced NF-kappa B activity. Thus, the loss of PRMT2 is causally linked to impaired atherosclerosis regression via a heightened inflammatory response in macrophages. That PRMT2 expression was lower in myeloid cells in plaques from human subjects with diabetes supports the relevance of our findings to human atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beyza Vurusaner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E. 30th Street, Room 705, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Prashanth Thevkar-Nages
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E. 30th Street, Room 705, New York, NY, 10016, USA.,Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 450 E. 29th Street, Room 321, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E. 30th Street, Room 705, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Chiara Giannarelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E. 30th Street, Room 705, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Michael J Garabedian
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 450 E. 29th Street, Room 321, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 435 E. 30th Street, Room 705, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, 450 E. 29th Street, Room 321, New York, NY, 10016, USA. .,Marc and Ruti Bell Vascular Biology Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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14
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Wei J, Liu Y, Teng F, Li L, Zhong S, Luo H, Huang Z. Anticancer effects of marine compounds blocking the nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9975-9995. [PMID: 35674876 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The abnormal expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) target genes is closely related to the occurrence, metastasis, and invasion of tumor cells and is an inhibitor of their apoptosis. In recent years, the unique biodiversity in the marine environment has aroused great interest. Many studies indicate that some marine compounds exert anticancer effects on most common human tumors by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. In this study, 26 marine compounds that reduce cancer cell survival by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway were reviewed. They were derived from a wide range of sources, including sponges, fungi, algae and their derivatives or metabolites. These marine compounds exert antitumor effects through the canonical, noncanonical and atypical NF-κB signaling pathways; however, most of their anticancer targets and mechanisms remain unclear, and more research is needed in the future. Our article provides comprehensive information for researchers investigating the bioactivities of marine compounds and developing marine-derived anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaen Wei
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Linshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanhong Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs of Guangdong Province, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, No. 1 Xincheng Road, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, 524023, Guangdong, China.
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15
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Napoleon JV, Sagar S, Kubica SP, Boghean L, Kour S, King HM, Sonawane YA, Crawford AJ, Gautam N, Kizhake S, Bialk PA, Kmiec E, Mallareddy JR, Patil PP, Rana S, Singh S, Prahlad J, Grandgenett PM, Borgstahl GEO, Ghosal G, Alnouti Y, Hollingsworth MA, Radhakrishnan P, Natarajan A. Small-molecule IKKβ activation modulator (IKAM) targets MAP3K1 and inhibits pancreatic tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2115071119. [PMID: 35476515 PMCID: PMC9170026 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115071119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of inhibitor of nuclear factor NF-κB kinase subunit-β (IKKβ), characterized by phosphorylation of activation loop serine residues 177 and 181, has been implicated in the early onset of cancer. On the other hand, tissue-specific IKKβ knockout in Kras mutation-driven mouse models stalled the disease in the precancerous stage. In this study, we used cell line models, tumor growth studies, and patient samples to assess the role of IKKβ and its activation in cancer. We also conducted a hit-to-lead optimization study that led to the identification of 39-100 as a selective mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) 1 inhibitor. We show that IKKβ is not required for growth of Kras mutant pancreatic cancer (PC) cells but is critical for PC tumor growth in mice. We also observed elevated basal levels of activated IKKβ in PC cell lines, PC patient-derived tumors, and liver metastases, implicating it in disease onset and progression. Optimization of an ATP noncompetitive IKKβ inhibitor resulted in the identification of 39-100, an orally bioavailable inhibitor with improved potency and pharmacokinetic properties. The compound 39-100 did not inhibit IKKβ but inhibited the IKKβ kinase MAP3K1 with low-micromolar potency. MAP3K1-mediated IKKβ phosphorylation was inhibited by 39-100, thus we termed it IKKβ activation modulator (IKAM) 1. In PC models, IKAM-1 reduced activated IKKβ levels, inhibited tumor growth, and reduced metastasis. Our findings suggests that MAP3K1-mediated IKKβ activation contributes to KRAS mutation-associated PC growth and IKAM-1 is a viable pretherapeutic lead that targets this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Victor Napoleon
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Satish Sagar
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Sydney P. Kubica
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Lidia Boghean
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Smit Kour
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Hannah M. King
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Yogesh A. Sonawane
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Ayrianne J. Crawford
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Nagsen Gautam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Smitha Kizhake
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Pawel A. Bialk
- Gene Editing Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE 19713
| | - Eric Kmiec
- Gene Editing Institute, Christiana Care, Newark, DE 19713
| | | | - Prathamesh P. Patil
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Sandeep Rana
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Sarbjit Singh
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Janani Prahlad
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Paul M. Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Gloria E. O. Borgstahl
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Gargi Ghosal
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Yazen Alnouti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Michael A. Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Prakash Radhakrishnan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| | - Amarnath Natarajan
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Department of Genetics Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
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16
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Ko MS, Cohen SN, Polley S, Mahata SK, Biswas T, Huxford T, Ghosh G. Regulatory subunit NEMO promotes polyubiquitin-dependent induction of NF-κB through a targetable second interaction with upstream activator IKK2. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101864. [PMID: 35339487 PMCID: PMC9035715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Canonical NF-κB signaling through the inhibitor of κB kinase (IKK) complex requires induction of IKK2/IKKβ subunit catalytic activity via specific phosphorylation within its activation loop. This process is known to be dependent upon the accessory ubiquitin (Ub)-binding subunit NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)/IKKγ as well as poly-Ub chains. However, the mechanism through which poly-Ub binding serves to promote IKK catalytic activity is unclear. Here, we show that binding of NEMO/IKKγ to linear poly-Ub promotes a second interaction between NEMO/IKKγ and IKK2/IKKβ, distinct from the well-characterized interaction of the NEMO/IKKγ N terminus to the "NEMO-binding domain" at the C terminus of IKK2/IKKβ. We mapped the location of this second interaction to a stretch of roughly six amino acids immediately N-terminal to the zinc finger domain in human NEMO/IKKγ. We also showed that amino acid residues within this region of NEMO/IKKγ are necessary for binding to IKK2/IKKβ through this secondary interaction in vitro and for full activation of IKK2/IKKβ in cultured cells. Furthermore, we identified a docking site for this segment of NEMO/IKKγ on IKK2/IKKβ within its scaffold-dimerization domain proximal to the kinase domain-Ub-like domain. Finally, we showed that a peptide derived from this region of NEMO/IKKγ is capable of interfering specifically with canonical NF-κB signaling in transfected cells. These in vitro biochemical and cell culture-based experiments suggest that, as a consequence of its association with linear poly-Ub, NEMO/IKKγ plays a direct role in priming IKK2/IKKβ for phosphorylation and that this process can be inhibited to specifically disrupt canonical NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Soo Ko
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Samantha N Cohen
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Smarajit Polley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Medicine, VA San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tapan Biswas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tom Huxford
- Structural Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Gourisankar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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17
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IKKα plays a major role in canonical NF-kB signalling in colorectal cells. Biochem J 2022; 479:305-325. [PMID: 35029639 PMCID: PMC8883499 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitor of kappa B (IκB) kinase β (IKKβ) has long been viewed as the dominant IKK in the canonical nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway, with IKKα being more important in non-canonical NF-κB activation. Here we have investigated the role of IKKα and IKKβ in canonical NF-κB activation in colorectal cells using CRISPR–Cas9 knock-out cell lines, siRNA and selective IKKβ inhibitors. IKKα and IKKβ were redundant for IκBα phosphorylation and turnover since loss of IKKα or IKKβ alone had little (SW620 cells) or no (HCT116 cells) effect. However, in HCT116 cells IKKα was the dominant IKK required for basal phosphorylation of p65 at S536, stimulated phosphorylation of p65 at S468, nuclear translocation of p65 and the NF-κB-dependent transcriptional response to both TNFα and IL-1α. In these cells, IKKβ was far less efficient at compensating for the loss of IKKα than IKKα was able to compensate for the loss of IKKβ. This was confirmed when siRNA was used to knock-down the non-targeted kinase in single KO cells. Critically, the selective IKKβ inhibitor BIX02514 confirmed these observations in WT cells and similar results were seen in SW620 cells. Notably, whilst IKKα loss strongly inhibited TNFα-dependent p65 nuclear translocation, IKKα and IKKβ contributed equally to c-Rel nuclear translocation indicating that different NF-κB subunits exhibit different dependencies on these IKKs. These results demonstrate a major role for IKKα in canonical NF-κB signalling in colorectal cells and may be relevant to efforts to design IKK inhibitors, which have focused largely on IKKβ to date.
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Li Y, Chen J, Bolinger AA, Chen H, Liu Z, Cong Y, Brasier AR, Pinchuk IV, Tian B, Zhou J. Target-Based Small Molecule Drug Discovery Towards Novel Therapeutics for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:S38-S62. [PMID: 34791293 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a class of severe and chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract with recurrent symptoms and significant morbidity. Long-term persistence of chronic inflammation in IBD is a major contributing factor to neoplastic transformation and the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Conversely, persistence of transmural inflammation in CD is associated with formation of fibrosing strictures, resulting in substantial morbidity. The recent introduction of biological response modifiers as IBD therapies, such as antibodies neutralizing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, have replaced nonselective anti-inflammatory corticosteroids in disease management. However, a large proportion (~40%) of patients with the treatment of anti-TNF-α antibodies are discontinued or withdrawn from therapy because of (1) primary nonresponse, (2) secondary loss of response, (3) opportunistic infection, or (4) onset of cancer. Therefore, the development of novel and effective therapeutics targeting specific signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of IBD is urgently needed. In this comprehensive review, we summarize the recent advances in drug discovery of new small molecules in preclinical or clinical development for treating IBD that target biologically relevant pathways in mucosal inflammation. These include intracellular enzymes (Janus kinases, receptor interacting protein, phosphodiesterase 4, IκB kinase), integrins, G protein-coupled receptors (S1P, CCR9, CXCR4, CB2) and inflammasome mediators (NLRP3), etc. We will also discuss emerging evidence of a distinct mechanism of action, bromodomain-containing protein 4, an epigenetic regulator of pathways involved in the activation, communication, and trafficking of immune cells. We highlight their chemotypes, mode of actions, structure-activity relationships, characterizations, and their in vitro/in vivo activities and therapeutic potential. The perspectives on the relevant challenges, new opportunities, and future directions in this field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew A Bolinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Zhiqing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Yingzi Cong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (ICTR), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Irina V Pinchuk
- Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, PA, USA
| | - Bing Tian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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19
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Salem Wehbe L, Barakat D, Acker A, El Khoury R, Reichhart JM, Matt N, El Chamy L. Protein Phosphatase 4 Negatively Regulates the Immune Deficiency-NF-κB Pathway during the Drosophila Immune Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:1616-1626. [PMID: 34452932 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionarily conserved immune deficiency (IMD) signaling pathway shields Drosophila against bacterial infections. It regulates the expression of antimicrobial peptides encoding genes through the activation of the NF-κB transcription factor Relish. Tight regulation of the signaling cascade ensures a balanced immune response, which is otherwise highly harmful. Several phosphorylation events mediate intracellular progression of the IMD pathway. However, signal termination by dephosphorylation remains largely elusive. Here, we identify the highly conserved protein phosphatase 4 (PP4) complex as a bona fide negative regulator of the IMD pathway. RNA interference-mediated gene silencing of PP4-19c, PP4R2, and Falafel, which encode the catalytic and regulatory subunits of the phosphatase complex, respectively, caused a marked upregulation of bacterial-induced antimicrobial peptide gene expression in both Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells and adult flies. Deregulated IMD signaling is associated with reduced lifespan of PP4-deficient flies in the absence of any infection. In contrast, flies overexpressing this phosphatase are highly sensitive to bacterial infections. Altogether, our results highlight an evolutionarily conserved function of PP4c in the regulation of NF-κB signaling from Drosophila to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layale Salem Wehbe
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, M3I UPR 9022, Strasbourg, France; and.,Unité de Recherche Environnement, Génomique et Protéomique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth-Liban, Mar Roukos, Mkalles, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dana Barakat
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, M3I UPR 9022, Strasbourg, France; and.,Unité de Recherche Environnement, Génomique et Protéomique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth-Liban, Mar Roukos, Mkalles, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Adrian Acker
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, M3I UPR 9022, Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Rita El Khoury
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, M3I UPR 9022, Strasbourg, France; and.,Unité de Recherche Environnement, Génomique et Protéomique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth-Liban, Mar Roukos, Mkalles, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Nicolas Matt
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, M3I UPR 9022, Strasbourg, France; and
| | - Laure El Chamy
- Unité de Recherche Environnement, Génomique et Protéomique, Faculté des Sciences, Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth-Liban, Mar Roukos, Mkalles, Beirut, Lebanon
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20
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Barnabei L, Laplantine E, Mbongo W, Rieux-Laucat F, Weil R. NF-κB: At the Borders of Autoimmunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:716469. [PMID: 34434197 PMCID: PMC8381650 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.716469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory response. In the first part of this review, we discuss the NF-κB inducers, signaling pathways, and regulators involved in immune homeostasis as well as detail the importance of post-translational regulation by ubiquitination in NF-κB function. We also indicate the stages of central and peripheral tolerance where NF-κB plays a fundamental role. With respect to central tolerance, we detail how NF-κB regulates medullary thymic epithelial cell (mTEC) development, homeostasis, and function. Moreover, we elaborate on its role in the migration of double-positive (DP) thymocytes from the thymic cortex to the medulla. With respect to peripheral tolerance, we outline how NF-κB contributes to the inactivation and destruction of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes as well as the differentiation of CD4+-T cell subsets that are implicated in immune tolerance. In the latter half of the review, we describe the contribution of NF-κB to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity and autoinflammation. The recent discovery of mutations involving components of the pathway has both deepened our understanding of autoimmune disease and informed new therapeutic approaches to treat these illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Barnabei
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Laplantine
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
| | - William Mbongo
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Rieux-Laucat
- INSERM UMR 1163, Laboratory of Immunogenetics of Pediatric Autoimmune Diseases, Imagine Institute Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Robert Weil
- Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM, UMR1135), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, ERL8255), Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses CMI, Paris, France
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21
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Ouyang Y, Li J, Chen X, Fu X, Sun S, Wu Q. Chalcone Derivatives: Role in Anticancer Therapy. Biomolecules 2021; 11:894. [PMID: 34208562 PMCID: PMC8234180 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) are precursors for flavonoids and isoflavonoids, which are common simple chemical scaffolds found in many naturally occurring compounds. Many chalcone derivatives were also prepared due to their convenient synthesis. Chalcones as weandhetic analogues have attracted much interest due to their broad biological activities with clinical potentials against various diseases, particularly for antitumor activity. The chalcone family has demonstrated potential in vitro and in vivo activity against cancers via multiple mechanisms, including cell cycle disruption, autophagy regulation, apoptosis induction, and immunomodulatory and inflammatory mediators. It represents a promising strategy to develop chalcones as novel anticancer agents. In addition, the combination of chalcones and other therapies is expected to be an effective way to improve anticancer therapeutic efficacy. However, despite the encouraging results for their response to cancers observed in clinical studies, a full description of toxicity is required for their clinical use as safe drugs for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances of the chalcone family as potential anticancer agents and the mechanisms of action. Besides, future applications and scope of the chalcone family toward the treatment and prevention of cancer are brought out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ouyang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.O.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.O.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.O.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Xiaoyu Fu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.O.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (X.F.)
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; (Y.O.); (J.L.); (X.C.); (X.F.)
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22
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Ayoup MS, Abu-Serie MM, Abdel-Hamid H, Teleb M. Beyond direct Nrf2 activation; reinvestigating 1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffold as a master key unlocking the antioxidant cellular machinery for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113475. [PMID: 33901898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the antioxidant cellular machinery has sparked considerable interest as an efficient anticancer strategy. Activating Nrf2, the master switch of the cellular redox system, suppresses ROS, alleviates oxidative stress, and halts cancer progression. 1,2,4-oxadiazoles are iconic direct Nrf2 activators that disrupt Nrf2 interaction with its endogenous repressor Keap1. This study introduces rationally designed 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives that inhibit other Nrf2 suppressors (TrxR1, IKKα, and NF-kB) thus enhancing Nrf2 activation for preventing oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. Preliminary screening showed that the phenolic oxadiazoles 11, 15, and 19 were comparable to ascorbic acid (ROS scavenging) and EDTA (iron chelation), and superior to doxorubicin against HepG-2, MDA-MB231, and Caco-2 cells. They suppressed ROS by 3 folds and activated Nrf2 by 2 folds in HepG-2 cells. Mechanistically, they inhibited TrxR1 (IC50; 13.19, 17.89, and 9.21 nM) and IKKα (IC50; 11.0, 15.94, and 19.58 nM), and downregulated NF-κB (7.6, 1.4 and 1.9 folds in HepG-2), respectively. They inhibited NADPH oxidase (IC50; 16.4, 21.94, and 10.71 nM, respectively) that potentiates their antioxidant activities. Docking studies predicted their important structural features. Finally, they recorded drug-like in silico physicochemical properties, ADMET, and ligand efficiency metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
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23
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Looi CK, Hii LW, Chung FFL, Mai CW, Lim WM, Leong CO. Roles of Inflammasomes in Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1786. [PMID: 33918087 PMCID: PMC8069343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is recognised as one of the causative agents in most nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cases. Expression of EBV viral antigens can induce host's antiviral immune response by activating the inflammasomes to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. These cytokines are known to be detrimental to a wide range of virus-infected cells, in which they can activate an inflammatory cell death program, called pyroptosis. However, aberrant inflammasome activation and production of its downstream cytokines lead to chronic inflammation that may contribute to various diseases, including NPC. In this review, we summarise the roles of inflammasomes during viral infection, how EBV evades inflammasome-mediated immune response, and progress into tumourigenesis. The contrasting roles of inflammasomes in cancer, as well as the current therapeutic approaches used in targeting inflammasomes, are also discussed in this review. While the inflammasomes appear to have dual roles in carcinogenesis, there are still many questions that remain unanswered. In particular, the exact molecular mechanism responsible for the regulation of the inflammasomes during carcinogenesis of EBV-associated NPC has not been explored thoroughly. Furthermore, the current practical application of inflammasome inhibitors is limited to specific tumour types, hence, further studies are warranted to discover the potential of targeting the inflammasomes for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin King Looi
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.K.L.); (L.-W.H.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.K.L.); (L.-W.H.)
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis Section (MCA), Epigenetics Group (EGE), International Agency for Research on Cancer World Health Organisation, CEDEX 08 Lyon, France;
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Wei-Meng Lim
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (C.-W.M.); (W.-M.L.)
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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24
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Cheng Y, Liu B, Qian H, Yang H, Wang Y, Wu Y, Shen F. BAY11-7082 inhibits the expression of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in type-II alveolar epithelial cells following TNF-α stimulation via the NF-κB pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 21:177. [PMID: 33552241 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation strongly promotes alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition. NF-κB signaling regulates the expression of molecules associated with coagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition in type-II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. However, whether TNF-α-induced alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis inhibition is also associated with the NF-κB pathway remains to be determined. The aim of the present study was to determine whether BAY11-7082, an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, inhibits the expressions of tissue factor (TF) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in AECⅡ in response to TNF-α. Rat AECII were treated with BAY11-7082 for 24 h and stimulated with TNF-α for 1 h. The expression of TF and PAI-1 were determined using western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The concentrations of TF and PAI-1 in culture supernatant were also measured by ELISA. Moreover, levels of NF-κB p65 (p65), phosphorylated (p)-p65 (p-p65), inhibitor of NF-κB α (IκBα) and p-IκBα were also evaluated. Immunofluorescence was used to detect p65 levels in cell nuclei. TNF-α significantly promoted TF and PAI-1 expression either at the mRNA or protein level in AECII cells. Concentrations of TF and PAI-1 in supernatant also significantly increased upon TNF-α stimulation. Furthermore, TNF-α upregulated the levels of p-IκBα, p65, and p-p65 in the cytoplasm. Immunofluorescence analysis indicated that TNF-α increased p65 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. However, AECII pre-treated with BAY11-7082 expressed lower levels of TF and PAI-1 following TNF-α treatment. Levels of p-IκBα, p65 and p-p65 in the cytoplasm also decreased, and translocation of p65 from cytoplasm into the nucleus was inhibited by BAY11-7082 pretreatment. These findings suggest that BAY11-7082 improves the hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition induced by TNF-α in alveolar epithelial cells via the NF-κB signaling pathway. BAY11-7082 might represent a therapeutic option for alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic inhibition in acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
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25
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Torrealba N, Vera R, Fraile B, Martínez-Onsurbe P, Paniagua R, Royuela M. TGF-β/PI3K/AKT/mTOR/NF-kB pathway. Clinicopathological features in prostate cancer. Aging Male 2020; 23:801-811. [PMID: 30973040 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2019.1597840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the male population. The objective of this investigation was to study the relationship of components of transforming growth factor-B (TGF-β)/phosphoinositide-3-kinases (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) transduction pathway with clinical-pathological markers. By immunohistochemical methods, we determined the expression of several factors [TGF-β, Transforming Growth Factor B Receptor I (TGFBRI), TGFBRII, PI3K, AKT-Ser, AKT-Thr, mTOR, p-mTOR, inhibitor kB kinase (IKK), pIKK, inhibitor kB (IkB), pIkB, NF-kBp50, and NF-kBp65]. To know their relationship with established classical markers (Preoperative serum prostate specific antigen, pathological tumor stage, clinical tumor stage, Gleason score, perineural invasion, node involvement, positive surgical margins, biochemical progression, and survival) and their importance in the prognosis of biochemical progression, Spearman test, survival analysis, Log-rang test, Kaplan-Meier curves, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional Hazard regression analyses were performed. Spearman analysis showed that there was at least one correlation between TGF-β, TGFBRI, PI3K, pAKT-Thr, p-mTOR, NF-kBp50, and classical markers. Cox multivariate analysis between the prognostic variables (pathological tumor stage, Gleason score, and node involvement) and inmunohistochemical parameters confirmed TGFBR1 and PI3K as a prognostic and independent marker of biochemical progression in prostate cancer. Our results suggest that TGFBR1 and PI3K could be used as useful biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognoses for biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norelia Torrealba
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Vera
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Benito Fraile
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Paniagua
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Royuela
- Department of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Annand JR, Henderson AR, Cole KS, Maurais AJ, Becerra J, Liu Y, Weerapana E, Koehler AN, Mapp AK, Schindler CS. Gibberellin JRA-003: A Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Translocation of IKKα. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1913-1918. [PMID: 33062173 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The small molecule gibberellin JRA-003 was identified as an inhibitor of the NF-kB (nuclear kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) pathway. Here we find that JRA-003 binds to and significantly inhibits the nuclear translocation of pathway-activating kinases IKKα (IκB kinase alpha) and IKKβ (IκB kinase beta). Analogs of JRA-003 were synthesized and NF-κB-inhibiting gibberellins were found to be cytotoxic in cancer-derived cell lines (HS 578T, HCC 1599, RC-K8, Sud-HL4, CA 46, and NCIH 4466). Not only was JRA-003 identified as the most potent synthetic gibberellin against cancer-derived cell lines, it displayed no cytotoxicity in cells derived from noncancerous sources (HEK 293T, HS 578BST, HS 888Lu, HS 895Sk, HUVEC). This selectivity suggests a promising approach for the development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Annand
- Department of Chemistry, Willard-Henry-Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Andrew R. Henderson
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kyle S. Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Aaron J. Maurais
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Jorge Becerra
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yejun Liu
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Eranthie Weerapana
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Center, Boston College, 2609 Beacon Street., Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Angela N. Koehler
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Anna K. Mapp
- Department of Chemistry, Willard-Henry-Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corinna S. Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, Willard-Henry-Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, 210 Washtenaw Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Tong H, Huang Z, Chen H, Zhou B, Liao Y, Wang Z. Emodin Reverses Gemcitabine Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines Through Inhibition of IKKβ/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:9839-9848. [PMID: 33061461 PMCID: PMC7537840 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s253691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant tumors, and gemcitabine has been considered as the standard treatment and been widely utilized as a first-line drug for advanced pancreatic cancer, but gemcitabine-resistance always occurs after a short period of treatment. Methods Two pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1 and MIA-PaCa-2 were used as the study subject and their gemcitabine-resistant cells were established. Both drug-resistant cells were divided into four groups: blank, emodin, gemcitabine, and emodin+gemcitabine. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect cell apoptosis rate and P-gp function. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect Survivin, XIAP, Caspase-9/3, NF-κB p65, IKKβ and IκB-α mRNA/protein expressions, respectively. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was performed to detect NF-κB binding activity. Rhodamine 123 efflux assay was used to detect P-gp function. Results Emodin could inhibit cell activity in all cell lines. Both emodin and gemcitabine can significantly increase the apoptosis rate, and the combination of the two drugs can further significantly increase the apoptosis rate in normal pancreatic cancer cell lines. In both drug-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines, it can be observed that although gemcitabine can increase the apoptosis rate, the effect of promoting apoptosis is significantly lower than that of emodin; the drug combination can still significantly increase the apoptosis rate on the basis of emodin alone. Emodin can significantly reduce the mRNA and protein expression levels of Survivin, XIAP, NF-κB, and IKKβ, and significantly increase the mRNA and protein expression levels of Caspase-3/9 and IκB-α. Emodin significantly reduced NF-κB activity and emodin significantly promoted P-gp fluorescence intensity from Rhodamine 123 efflux assay. Conclusion Emodin inhibits the expression of IKKβ, thereby inhibiting the expression and activity of downstream NF-κB, and inhibits P-gp function at the same time, ultimately achieving the purpose of reversing the drug-resistance of pancreatic cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongfei Tong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohong Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province 325027, People's Republic of China
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Ebrahimpour S, Esmaeili A, Dehghanian F, Beheshti S. Effects of quercetin-conjugated with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on learning and memory improvement through targeting microRNAs/NF-κB pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15070. [PMID: 32934245 PMCID: PMC7493930 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71678-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin-conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (QCSPIONs) have an ameliorative effect on diabetes-induced memory impairment. The current study aimed to compare the effect of quercetin (QC) and QCSPIONs on inflammation-related microRNAs and NF-κB signaling pathways in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. The expression levels of miR-146a, miR-9, NF-κB, and NF-κB-related downstream genes, including TNF-α, BACE1, AβPP, Bax, and Bcl-2 were measured using quantitative real-time PCR. To determine the NF-κB activity, immunohistochemical expression of NF-κB/p65 phosphorylation was employed. Computer simulated docking analysis also performed to find the QC target proteins involved in the NF-κB pathway. Results indicate that diabetes significantly upregulated the expression levels of miR-146a, miR-9, TNF-α, NF-κB, and subsequently AβPP, BACE1, and Bax. Expression analysis shows that QCSPIONs are more effective than pure QC in reducing the expression of miR-9. Interestingly, QCSPIONs reduce the pathological activity of NF-κB and subsequently normalize BACE1, AβPP, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 expression better than pure QC. Comparative docking analyses also show the stronger binding affinity of QC to IKK and BACE1 proteins compared to specific inhibitors of each protein. In conclusion, our study suggests the potent efficacy of QCSPIONs as a promising drug delivery system in memory improvement through targeting the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Ebrahimpour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abolghasem Esmaeili
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Fariba Dehghanian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Siamak Beheshti
- Department of Plant and Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, HezarJarib Street, 81746-73441, Isfahan, Iran
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Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus nsP3 Phosphorylation Can Be Mediated by IKKβ Kinase Activity and Abrogation of Phosphorylation Inhibits Negative-Strand Synthesis. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091021. [PMID: 32933112 PMCID: PMC7551587 DOI: 10.3390/v12091021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), a mosquito transmitted alphavirus of the Togaviridae family, can cause a highly inflammatory and encephalitic disease upon infection. Although a category B select agent, no FDA-approved vaccines or therapeutics against VEEV currently exist. We previously demonstrated NF-κB activation and macromolecular reorganization of the IKK complex upon VEEV infection in vitro, with IKKβ inhibition reducing viral replication. Mass spectrometry and confocal microscopy revealed an interaction between IKKβ and VEEV non-structural protein 3 (nsP3). Here, using western blotting, a cell-free kinase activity assay, and mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that IKKβ kinase activity can directly phosphorylate VEEV nsP3 at sites 204/5, 142, and 134/5. Alanine substitution mutations at sites 204/5, 142, or 134/5 reduced VEEV replication by >30-100,000-fold corresponding to a severe decrease in negative-strand synthesis. Serial passaging rescued viral replication and negative-strand synthesis, and sequencing of revertant viruses revealed reversion to the wild-type TC-83 phosphorylation capable amino acid sequences at nsP3 sites 204/5, 142, and 135. Generation of phosphomimetic mutants using aspartic acid substitutions at site 204/5 resulted in rescue of both viral replication and negative-strand RNA production, whereas phosphomimetic mutant 134/5 rescued viral replication but failed to restore negative-strand RNA levels, and phosphomimetic mutant 142 did not rescue VEEV replication. Together, these data demonstrate that IKKβ can phosphorylate VEEV nsP3 at sites 204/5, 142, and 134/5, and suggest that phosphorylation is essential for negative-strand RNA synthesis at site 204/5, but may be important for infectious particle production at site 134/5.
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Glaeser JD, Salehi K, Kanim LE, NaPier Z, Kropf MA, Cuéllar JM, Perry TG, Bae HW, Sheyn D. NF-κB inhibitor, NEMO-binding domain peptide attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine J 2020; 20:1480-1491. [PMID: 32413485 PMCID: PMC7494571 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT Nonphysiological mechanical loading and inflammation are both critically involved in intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, which is characterized by an increase in cytokines and matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in the nucleus pulposus (NP). This process is known to be mediated by the NF-κB pathway. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Current clinical treatments for IVD degeneration focus on the alleviation of symptoms rather than targeting the underlying mechanism. Injection of an NF-κB inhibitor may attenuate the progression of IVD degeneration. PURPOSE To investigate the ability of the NF-κB inhibitor, NEMO binding domain peptide (NBD), to alter IVD degeneration processes by reducing IL-1β- and mechanically-induced cytokine and MMP levels in human nucleus pulposus cells in vitro, and by attenuating IVD degeneration in an in vivo rat model for disc degeneration. STUDY DESIGN Experimental in vitro and animal model. PATIENT SAMPLE Discarded specimens of lumbar disc from 21 patients, and 12 Sprague Dawley rats. OUTCOME MEASURES Gene and protein expression, cell viability, µMRI and histology. METHODS IL-1β-prestimulated human nucleus pulposus cells embedded into fibrin constructs were loaded in the Flexcell FX-5000 compression system at 5 kPa and 1 Hz for 48 hours in the presence and absence of NBD. Unloaded hNPC/fibrin constructs served as controls. Cell viability in loaded and unloaded constructs was quantified, and gene and protein expression levels determined. For in vivo testing, a rat needle disc puncture model was employed. Experimental groups included injured discs with and without NBD injection and uninjured controls. Levels of disc degeneration were determined via µMRI, qPCR and histology. Funding sources include $48,874 NASS Young Investigator Research Grant and $119,174 NIH 5K01AR071512-02. There were no applicable financial relationships or conflicts of interest. RESULTS Mechanical compression of hNPC/fibrin constructs resulted in upregulation of MMP-3 and IL-8. Supplementation of media with 10 μM NBD during loading increased cell viability, and decreased MMP-3 gene and protein levels. IVD injury in rat resulted in an increase in MMP-3, IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression. Injections of 250 µg of NBD during disc injury resulted in decreased IL-6 gene expression. µMRI analysis demonstrated a reduction of disc hydration in response to disc needle injury, which was attenuated in NBD-treated IVDs. Histological evaluation showed NP and AF lesion in injured discs, which was attenuated by NBD injection. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show NBD peptide's capacity to reduce IL-1β- and loading-induced MMP-3 levels in hNPC/fibrin constructs while increasing the cells' viability, and to attenuate IVD degeneration in rat, involving downregulation of IL-6. Therefore, NBD may be a potential therapeutic agent to treat IVD degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane D. Glaeser
- Orthopedic Stem Cell Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Khosrowdad Salehi
- Orthopedic Stem Cell Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Linda E.A. Kanim
- Orthopedic Stem Cell Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zachary NaPier
- Orthopedic Stem Cell Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Michael A. Kropf
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jason M. Cuéllar
- Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tiffany G. Perry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hyun W. Bae
- Orthopedic Stem Cell Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Dmitriy Sheyn
- Orthopedic Stem Cell Laboratory, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Xiao H, Guo Y, Li B, Li X, Wang Y, Han S, Cheng D, Shuai X. M2-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Targeted Codelivery of STAT6 Inhibitor and IKKβ siRNA Induces M2-to-M1 Repolarization for Cancer Immunotherapy with Low Immune Side Effects. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1208-1222. [PMID: 32724855 PMCID: PMC7379385 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) usually display the tumor-promoting M2 phenotype rather than the tumoricidal M1 phenotype. Thus, M2-to-M1 repolarization of TAMs has emerged as a promising strategy for tumor immunotherapy nowadays. However, immune side effects remain a great challenge, because phenotypic conversion of macrophages into the proinflammatory M1 phenotype may also be induced in normal tissue. Here, aiming at repolarizing TAMs without altering the M1/M2 polarization balance in healthy organs, we develop a micellar nanodrug with M2-targeting peptides (M2peptide) hidden in the pH-sheddable PEG corona so that an active targeting of M2-like macrophages is triggered only in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). The smart nanodrug effectively functions M2-to-M1 repolarization via M2-targeted codelivery of IKKβ siRNA and STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 (AS), which suppresses the tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, immune side effects are reduced because the neutral-pH environment in healthy organs does not trigger a "stealth-to-nonstealth" conversion of the nanodrug essential for M2-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department
of Oncology and General Surgery, The First
Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Li
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shisong Han
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- E-mail:
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Cordeiro N, Freitas RHCN, Fraga CAM, Fernandes PD. Therapeutic Effects of Anti-Inflammatory N-Acylhydrazones in the Resolution of Experimental Colitis. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 374:420-427. [PMID: 32546529 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are caused by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, which may or may not have a specific cause or pathogen. They affect millions of people around the world and there are still few effective treatments. The aim of this work is to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of the IKK-β inhibitor LASSBio-1524 and its three analogs, LASSBio-1760, LASSBio-1763, and LASSBio-1764, on mediator production and expression of inflammatory enzymes using experimental animal models of intestinal inflammatory diseases. Colitis was performed using two different models, which mimic Crohn disease (induced by dinitrobenzene acid) and ulcerative colitis (induced by sodium dextran sulfate) in mice. In both models, a therapeutic protocol with a daily dose of 1, 3, or 30 μmol/kg was performed. LASSBio-1524 and its three analogs reduced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and IFN-γ and increased secretion of IL-10, protecting gastrointestinal homeostasis. All compounds reduced macro- and microscopic colonic damage caused by experimental colitis and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in the colon, as well as leukocytosis and anemia resulting from the disease. Our data may suggest LASSBio-1524 and its analogs (LASSBio-1760, LASSBio-1763, and LASSBio-1764) as promising candidates for new prototypes designed to treat inflammatory bowel diseases. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Three new N-acylhydrazones were synthetized as analogs of LASSBio-1524. All new substances were evaluated in dextran sulfate- and dinitrobenzene acid-induced colitis, with LASSBio-1760, LASSBio-1762, and LASSBio-1763 presenting a significant effect in both models of colitis without toxic effects. The new substances could be considered as a new prototype for the development of new anti-inflammatory treatments of colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F., C.A.M.F.); and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (R.H.C.N.F., C.A.M.F.)
| | - Rosana Helena Coimbra Nogueira Freitas
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F., C.A.M.F.); and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (R.H.C.N.F., C.A.M.F.)
| | - Carlos Alberto Manssour Fraga
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F., C.A.M.F.); and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (R.H.C.N.F., C.A.M.F.)
| | - Patricia Dias Fernandes
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Farmacologia da Dor e da Inflamação, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F.); Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (N.d.M.C., P.D.F., C.A.M.F.); and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Avaliação e Síntese de Substâncias Bioativas (LASSBio), Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (R.H.C.N.F., C.A.M.F.)
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Cores Á, Piquero M, Villacampa M, León R, Menéndez JC. NRF2 Regulation Processes as a Source of Potential Drug Targets against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E904. [PMID: 32545924 PMCID: PMC7356958 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 acts by controlling gene expression, being the master regulator of the Phase II antioxidant response, and also being key to the control of neuroinflammation. NRF2 activity is regulated at several levels, including protein degradation by the proteasome, transcription, and post-transcription. The purpose of this review is to offer a concise and critical overview of the main mechanisms of NRF2 regulation and their actual or potential use as targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Cores
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Marta Piquero
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Mercedes Villacampa
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J. Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (Á.C.); (M.P.); (M.V.)
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Guo K, Chen J, Chen Z, Luo G, Yang S, Zhang M, Hong J, Zhang L, Chen C. Triptolide alleviates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting IKKβ stimulated LOX production. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:283-288. [PMID: 32446381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is involved in fibrosis by catalyzing collagen cross-linking. Previous work observed that Triptolide (TPL) alleviated radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), but it is unknown whether the anti-RIPF effect of TPL is related to LOX. In a mouse model of RIPF, we found that LOX persistently increased in RIPF which was significantly lowered by TPL. Excessive LOX aggravated fibrotic lesions in RIPF, while LOX inhibition mitigated RIPF. Irradiation enhanced the transcription and synthesis of LOX by lung fibroblasts through IKKβ/NFκB activation, and siRNA knockdown IKKβ largely abolished LOX production. By interfering radiation induced IKKβ activation, TPL prevented NFκB nuclear translocation and DNA binding, and potently decreased LOX synthesis. Our results demonstrate that the anti-RIPF effect of TPL is associated with reduction of LOX production which mediated by inhibition of IKKβ/NFκB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaining Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinran Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhangjie Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Gelian Luo
- Fujian Vocational College of Bioengineering, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shanmin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lurong Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; Institute of Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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35
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Therapeutic effects of IkB kinase inhibitor during systemic inflammation. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 84:106509. [PMID: 32335479 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Animal models of inflammatory diseases support the idea that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation plays a pathophysiological role and is widely implicated in multiple organ dysfunction (MOD). Indeed, the inhibition of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, involved in the NF-κB pathway, can represent a promising approach to prevent MOD. The present work employed a rat model of systemic inflammation to investigate the preventive effects of Inhibitor of IKK complex (IKK16). In male Wistar rats, systemic inflammation was induced by a tail vein injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS challenge; 12 mg/kg). Treatment with IKK16 (1 mg/kg body weight) was administered, by tail vein, 15 min post-LPS. Age- and sex-matched healthy rats and LPS rats without treatment were used as controls. At 24 h post-IKK16 treatment, serum enzyme levels indicative of liver, kidney, pancreas and muscle function were evaluated by biochemical analysis, and RT-PCR technique was used to analyze gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hemodynamic parameters were also considered to assess the LPS-induced inflammation. IKK16 treatment yielded a strong therapeutic effect in preventing LPS-induced elevation of serological enzyme levels, attenuating hepatic, renal, pancreatic and muscular dysfunction after LPS challenge. Moreover, as expected, LPS promoted a significantly overexpression of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the heart, kidney, and liver; which was diminished by IKK16 treatment. The present study provides convincing evidence that selective inhibition of the IκB kinase complex through the action of IKK16, plays a protective role against LPS-induced multiple organ dysfunction by reducing the acute inflammatory response induced by endotoxin exposure.
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Zhang C, Yan C. Updates of Recent Vinpocetine Research in Treating Cardiovascular Diseases. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:211-219. [PMID: 32832931 PMCID: PMC7437952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vinpocetine is a derivative of vincamine. It has been used to prevent and treat cerebrovascular disorders such as stoke and dementia, and remains widely available in dietary supplements that often marketed as nootropics. Due to its excellent safety profile at therapeutic dose regimen, vinpocetine has raised research interest in its new applications in various experimental disease models. Here we review recent studies that uncovered novel functions of vinpocetine in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, obesity, neointimal hyperplasia, vasoconstriction, pathological cardiac remodeling and ischemia stroke. Molecular mechanisms underlined the protective effects of vinpocetine are also discussed. These novel findings may suggest a broadened usage of vinpocetine against relevant cardiovascular diseases in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Zhang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Chen Yan
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Chen Yan;
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Elkamhawy A, Kim NY, Hassan AHE, Park JE, Paik S, Yang JE, Oh KS, Lee BH, Lee MY, Shin KJ, Pae AN, Lee KT, Roh EJ. Thiazolidine-2,4-dione-based irreversible allosteric IKK-β kinase inhibitors: Optimization into in vivo active anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 188:111955. [PMID: 31893550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective kinase inhibitors development is a cumbersome task because of ATP binding sites similarities across kinases. On contrast, irreversible allosteric covalent inhibition offers opportunity to develop novel selective kinase inhibitors. Previously, we reported thiazolidine-2,4-dione lead compounds eliciting in vitro irreversible allosteric inhibition of IKK-β. Herein, we address optimization into in vivo active anti-inflammatory agents. We successfully developed potent IKK-β inhibitors with the most potent compound eliciting IC50 = 0.20 μM. Cellular assay of a set of active compounds using bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages elucidated significant in vitro anti-inflammatory activity. In vitro evaluation of microsomal and plasma stabilities showed that the promising compound 7a is more stable than compound 7p. Finally, in vivo evaluation of 7a, which has been conducted in a model of LPS-induced septic shock in mice, showed its ability to protect mice against septic shock induced mortality. Accordingly, this study presents compound 7a as a novel potential irreversible allosteric covalent inhibitor of IKK-β with verified in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Nam Youn Kim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Paik
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yang
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seok Oh
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Jung Shin
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JA, Kim DJ, Hwang O. KMS99220 Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects, Activates the Nrf2 Signaling and Interferes with IKK, JNK and p38 MAPK via HO-1. Mol Cells 2019; 42:702-710. [PMID: 31656063 PMCID: PMC6821456 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously reported that our novel synthetic compound KMS99220 has a good pharmacokinetic profile, enters the brain, exerts neuroprotective effect, and inhibits NFκB activation. To further assess the utility of KMS99220 as a potential therapeutic agent for PD, we tested whether KMS99220 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect in vivo and examined the molecular mechanism mediating this phenomenon. In 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated mice, oral administration of KMS99220 attenuated microglial activation and decreased the levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b) in the nigrostriatal system. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged BV-2 microglial cells, KMS99220 suppressed the production and expression of IL-1b. In the activated microglia, KMS99220 reduced the phosphorylation of IκB kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 MAP kinase; this effect was mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), as both gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition of HO-1 abolished the effect of KMS99220. KMS99220 induced nuclear translocation of the transcription factor Nrf2 and expression of the Nrf2 target genes including HO-1. Together with our earlier findings, our current results show that KMS99220 may be a potential therapeutic agent for neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505,
Korea
| | - Dong Jin Kim
- Center for Neuro-Medicine, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
| | - Onyou Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505,
Korea
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Elkamhawy A, Youn Kim N, Hassan AHE, Park JE, Yang JE, Elsherbeny MH, Paik S, Oh KS, Lee BH, Lee MY, Shin KJ, Pae AN, Lee KT, Roh EJ. Optimization study towards more potent thiazolidine-2,4-dione IKK-β modulator: Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico docking simulation. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103261. [PMID: 31542718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of IKK-β (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta) has been broadly documentedas a promising approach for treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Recently, we have identified a novel class of thiazolidine-2,4-diones as structurally novel modulators for IKK-β. Herein, we report a hit optimization study via analog synthesis strategy aiming to acquire more potent derivative(s), probe the structure activity relationship (SAR), and get reasonable explanations for the elicited IKK-β inhibitory activities though an in silico docking simulation study. Accordingly, a new series of eighteen thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives was rationally designed, synthesized, identified with different spectroscopic techniques and biologically evaluated as noteworthy IKK-β potential modulators. Successfully, new IKK-β potent modulators were obtained, including the most potent analog up-to-date 7m with IC50 value of 260 nM. A detailed structure activity relationship (SAR) was discussed and a mechanistic study for 7m was carried out indicating its irreversible inhibition mode with IKK-β (Kinact value = 0.01 (min-1). Furthermore, the conducted in silico simulation study provided new insights for the binding modes of this novel class of modulators with IKK-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nam Youn Kim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yang
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed H Elsherbeny
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sora Paik
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seok Oh
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Jung Shin
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Liu B, Wang Y, Wu Y, Cheng Y, Qian H, Yang H, Shen F. IKKβ regulates the expression of coagulation and fibrinolysis factors through the NF-κB canonical pathway in LPS-stimulated alveolar epithelial cells type II. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2859-2866. [PMID: 31572531 PMCID: PMC6755483 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis inhibition in the alveolar cavity are important characteristics in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Alveolar epithelial cells type II (AEC II) have been confirmed to have significant role in regulating alveolar hypercoagulation and fibrinolysis inhibition, but the mechanism is unknown. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway has been demonstrated to participate in the pathogenesis of these two abnormalities in ARDS. The purpose of the present study is to explore whether controlling the upstream crucial factor IκB kinase (IKK)β could regulate coagulation and fibrinolysis factors in LPS-stimulated AEC II. Materials and methods: An IKKβ gene regulation model (IKKβ+/+ and IKKβ−/−) was prepared using lentiviral vector transfection. The models with wild type cells were all stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline for 24 h. Expression of the related proteins were determined by western-blotting, ELISA and revere transcription-PCR respectively. Tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity and nuclear p65 protein level were also detected. Results: IKKβ increased in IKKβ+/+ cells but decreased in IKKβ−/− cells. LPS stimulation promoted the expression of p-IκBα, p65, p-p65 and p-IKKβ as well as TF and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, at the mRNA or protein level, and this was significantly enhanced by IKKβ upregulation but weakened by IKKβ downregulation. TF procoagulant activity presented the same changes as the molecules above. ELISAs showed additional increases in the concentrations of as thrombin antithrombin, procollagen III propeptide, thrombomodulin and PAI-1 in IKKβ+/+ cell supernatant under LPS stimulation, however they decreased in IKKβ−/−. The level of as antithrombin III however, appeared to show the opposite change to those other factors. Immunofluorescence demonstrated a greatly enhanced expression of p65 in the nucleus by IKKβ upregulation, which was reduced by IKKβ downregulation. Conclusions: IKKβ could regulate the expression and secretion of coagulation and fibrinolysis factors in LPS-stimulated AEC II via the NF-κB p65 signaling pathway. The IKKβ molecule is expected to be a new target for prevention of coagulation and fibrinolysis abnormalities in ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Yanqi Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Hong Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
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Davuluri G, Giusto M, Chandel R, Welch N, Alsabbagh K, Kant S, Kumar A, Kim A, Gangadhariah M, Ghosh PK, Tran U, Krajcik DM, Vasu K, DiDonato AJ, DiDonato JA, Willard B, Monga SP, Wang Y, Fox PL, Stark GR, Wessely O, Esser KA, Dasarathy S. Impaired Ribosomal Biogenesis by Noncanonical Degradation of β-Catenin during Hyperammonemia. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00451-18. [PMID: 31138664 PMCID: PMC6664607 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00451-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased ribosomal biogenesis occurs during tissue hypertrophy, but whether ribosomal biogenesis is impaired during atrophy is not known. We show that hyperammonemia, which occurs in diverse chronic disorders, impairs protein synthesis as a result of decreased ribosomal content and translational capacity. Transcriptome analyses, real-time PCR, and immunoblotting showed consistent reductions in the expression of the large and small ribosomal protein subunits (RPL and RPS, respectively) in hyperammonemic murine skeletal myotubes, HEK cells, and skeletal muscle from hyperammonemic rats and human cirrhotics. Decreased ribosomal content was accompanied by decreased expression of cMYC, a positive regulator of ribosomal biogenesis, as well as reduced expression and activity of β-catenin, a transcriptional activator of cMYC. However, unlike the canonical regulation of β-catenin via glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)-dependent degradation, GSK3β expression and phosphorylation were unaltered during hyperammonemia, and depletion of GSK3β did not prevent ammonia-induced degradation of β-catenin. Overexpression of GSK3β-resistant variants, genetic depletion of IκB kinase β (IKKβ) (activated during hyperammonemia), protein interactions, and in vitro kinase assays showed that IKKβ phosphorylated β-catenin directly. Overexpressing β-catenin restored hyperammonemia-induced perturbations in signaling responses that regulate ribosomal biogenesis. Our data show that decreased protein synthesis during hyperammonemia is mediated via a novel GSK3β-independent, IKKβ-dependent impairment of the β-catenin-cMYC axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangarao Davuluri
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Michela Giusto
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rajeev Chandel
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Welch
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Khaled Alsabbagh
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sashi Kant
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Adam Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Prabar K Ghosh
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Uyen Tran
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel M Krajcik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kommireddy Vasu
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony J DiDonato
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics Research Core Services, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Satdarshan P Monga
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - George R Stark
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karyn A Esser
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, Institute of Myology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Liu X, Chen W, Liu Q, Dai J. Abietic acid suppresses non-small-cell lung cancer cell growth via blocking IKKβ/NF-κB signaling. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4825-4837. [PMID: 31354305 PMCID: PMC6590626 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s199161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abietic acid (AA) is one of the terpenoids, which are multifunctional natural compounds. It has been reported that AA possesses favorable therapeutic effects on inflammation and obesity. Method: In the present study, we determined the inhibitory effect of AA on the proliferation and growth of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines for the first time. Then, flow cytometry and Western blot analysis were applied to determine the cell apoptosis and cell cycle. Finally, surface plasmon resonance, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation were performed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results: In vitro experiments indicated that AA displays significant anti-proliferative, cell cycle arresting and pro-apoptotic activities. Mechanistically, AA abrogated tumor necrosis factor-α induced phosphorylation of IκB kinase (IKKα/β) (Ser176/180) and IkBα (Ser32), and inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor‐κB. Moreover, we found that the activities of AA against NSCLC cells were mediated by its IKKβ inhibition. Molecular docking and MD simulations demonstrated that the mechanism of action between AA and IKKβ was through hydrophobic interactions. Conclusion: Our data indicate that AA could be a promising lead compound for the discovery of novel IKKβ inhibitors and potential agents for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanxing Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
| | - Jigang Dai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400037, People's Republic of China
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Chaudhary M, Kumar N, Baldi A, Chandra R, Babu MA, Madan J. 4-Bromo-4’-chloro pyrazoline analog of curcumin augmented anticancer activity against human cervical cancer, HeLa cells: in silico-guided analysis, synthesis, and in vitro cytotoxicity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1335-1353. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1604266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Chaudhary
- IKG Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Hindu College of Pharmacy, Sonepat, Haryana, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ashish Baldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - M. Arockia Babu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, Punjab, India
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44
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New World alphavirus protein interactomes from a therapeutic perspective. Antiviral Res 2019; 163:125-139. [PMID: 30695702 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The New World alphaviruses, Venezuelan, eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV, EEEV, and WEEV), are important human pathogens due to their ability to cause varying levels of morbidity and mortality in humans. There is also concern about VEEV and EEEV being used as bioweapons. Currently, a FDA-approved antiviral is lacking for New World alphaviruses. In this review, the function of each viral protein is discussed with an emphasis on how these functions can be targeted by therapeutics. Both direct acting antivirals as well as inhibitors that impact host protein interactions with viral proteins are described. Non-structural protein 3 (nsP3), capsid, and E2 proteins have garnered attention in recent years, whereas little is known regarding host protein interactions of the other viral proteins and is an important avenue for future study.
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45
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Paul A, Edwards J, Pepper C, Mackay S. Inhibitory-κB Kinase (IKK) α and Nuclear Factor-κB (NFκB)-Inducing Kinase (NIK) as Anti-Cancer Drug Targets. Cells 2018; 7:E176. [PMID: 30347849 PMCID: PMC6210445 DOI: 10.3390/cells7100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular kinases inhibitory-κB kinase (IKK) α and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (NIK) are well recognised as key central regulators and drivers of the non-canonical NF-κB cascade and as such dictate the initiation and development of defined transcriptional responses associated with the liberation of p52-RelB and p52-p52 NF-κB dimer complexes. Whilst these kinases and downstream NF-κB complexes transduce pro-inflammatory and growth stimulating signals that contribute to major cellular processes, they also play a key role in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory-based conditions and diverse cancer types, which for the latter may be a result of background mutational status. IKKα and NIK, therefore, represent attractive targets for pharmacological intervention. Here, specifically in the cancer setting, we reflect on the potential pathophysiological role(s) of each of these kinases, their associated downstream signalling outcomes and the stimulatory and mutational mechanisms leading to their increased activation. We also consider the downstream coordination of transcriptional events and phenotypic outcomes illustrative of key cancer 'Hallmarks' that are now increasingly perceived to be due to the coordinated recruitment of both NF-κB-dependent as well as NF-κB⁻independent signalling. Furthermore, as these kinases regulate the transition from hormone-dependent to hormone-independent growth in defined tumour subsets, potential tumour reactivation and major cytokine and chemokine species that may have significant bearing upon tumour-stromal communication and tumour microenvironment it reiterates their potential to be drug targets. Therefore, with the emergence of small molecule kinase inhibitors targeting each of these kinases, we consider medicinal chemistry efforts to date and those evolving that may contribute to the development of viable pharmacological intervention strategies to target a variety of tumour types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK.
| | - Christopher Pepper
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9PX, UK.
| | - Simon Mackay
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, 161 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NR, UK.
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46
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Concetti J, Wilson CL. NFKB1 and Cancer: Friend or Foe? Cells 2018; 7:cells7090133. [PMID: 30205516 PMCID: PMC6162711 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Current evidence strongly suggests that aberrant activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway is associated with carcinogenesis. A number of key cellular processes are governed by the effectors of this pathway, including immune responses and apoptosis, both crucial in the development of cancer. Therefore, it is not surprising that dysregulated and chronic NF-κB signalling can have a profound impact on cellular homeostasis. Here we discuss NFKB1 (p105/p50), one of the five subunits of NF-κB, widely implicated in carcinogenesis, in some cases driving cancer progression and in others acting as a tumour-suppressor. The complexity of the role of this subunit lies in the multiple dimeric combination possibilities as well as the different interacting co-factors, which dictate whether gene transcription is activated or repressed, in a cell and organ-specific manner. This review highlights the multiple roles of NFKB1 in the development and progression of different cancers, and the considerations to make when attempting to manipulate NF-κB as a potential cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Concetti
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Caroline L Wilson
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE2 4HH, UK.
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47
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Baig MS, Roy A, Saqib U, Rajpoot S, Srivastava M, Naim A, Liu D, Saluja R, Faisal SM, Pan Q, Turkowski K, Darwhekar GN, Savai R. Repurposing Thioridazine (TDZ) as an anti-inflammatory agent. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12471. [PMID: 30127400 PMCID: PMC6102213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) is a crucial transcription factor in the signal transduction cascade of the inflammatory signaling. Activation of NF-κB depends on the phosphorylation of IκBα by IκB kinase (IKKβ) followed by subsequent ubiquitination and degradation. This leads to the nuclear translocation of the p50- p65 subunits of NF-κB, and further triggers pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Thus, in the need of a more effective therapy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, specific inhibition of IKKβ represents a rational alternative strategy to the current therapies. A computer-aided drug identification protocol was followed to identify novel IKKβ inhibitors from a database of over 1500 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drugs. The best scoring compounds were compared with the already known high-potency IKKβ inhibitors for their ability to bind and inhibit IKKβ by evaluating their docking energy. Finally, Thioridazinehydrochloride (TDZ), a potent antipsychotic drug against Schizophrenia was selected and its efficiency in inhibiting IκBα protein degradation and NF-κB activation was experimentally validated. Our study has demonstrated that TDZ blocks IκBα protein degradation and subsequent NF-κB activation to inhibit inflammation. Thus, it is a potential repurposed drug against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza S Baig
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, 453552, India.
| | - Anjali Roy
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, 453552, India
| | - Uzma Saqib
- Discipline of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, 453552, India
| | - Sajjan Rajpoot
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, 453552, India
| | - Mansi Srivastava
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, 453552, India
| | - Adnan Naim
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, 453552, India
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Centre for Inflammation & Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rohit Saluja
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, 462020, India
| | - Syed M Faisal
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Hyderabad, 500032, India
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kati Turkowski
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Gajanan N Darwhekar
- Acropolis Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (AIPER), Indore, 453771, India
| | - Rajkumar Savai
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Lung Development and Remodeling, 61231, Bad Nauheim, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), member of the DZL, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, 35392, Germany.
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48
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Hu Z, Sun W, Li F, Guan J, Lu Y, Liu J, Tang Y, Du G, Xue Y, Luo Z, Wang J, Zhu H, Zhang Y. Fusicoccane-Derived Diterpenoids from Alternaria brassicicola: Investigation of the Structure–Stability Relationship and Discovery of an IKKβ Inhibitor. Org Lett 2018; 20:5198-5202. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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49
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Elkamhawy A, Kim NY, Hassan AHE, Park JE, Yang JE, Oh KS, Lee BH, Lee MY, Shin KJ, Lee KT, Hur W, Roh EJ. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel thiazolidinedione derivatives as irreversible allosteric IKK-β modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 157:691-704. [PMID: 30130718 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The kinase known as IKK-β activates NF-κB signaling pathway leading to expression of several genes contributing to inflammation, immune response, and cell proliferation. Modulation of IKK-β kinase activity could be useful for treatment and management of such diseases. Starting from a discovered weakly active hit compound, twenty four thiazolidinedione-scaffold based chemical entities belonging to five series have been designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential IKK-β modulators. Among them, compounds 6q, 6r and 6u showed low micromolar IC50 values while compounds 6v, 6w, and 6x elicited submicromolar IC50 values equal to 0.4, 0.7 and 0.9 μM respectively. These submicromolar IC50 values are 243, 139 and 105 folds the value of the reported IC50 of the starting hit compound. Kinetic study of compounds 6v and 6w confirmed this class of modulators as irreversible inhibitors. LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophages proved the anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 6q and 6v. Assay of hERG inhibition demonstrated a safe profile of compound 6q suggesting it as a lead for further development of IKK-β modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elkamhawy
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nam Youn Kim
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Jung-Eun Park
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Yang
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seok Oh
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Therapeutics & Biotechnology Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Jung Shin
- Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Hur
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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50
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CaMKIIδ interacts directly with IKKβ and modulates NF-κB signalling in adult cardiac fibroblasts. Cell Signal 2018; 51:166-175. [PMID: 30059730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) acts as a molecular switch regulating cardiovascular Ca2+ handling and contractility in health and disease. Activation of CaMKIIδ is also known to regulate cardiovascular inflammation and is reported to be required for pro-inflammatory NF-κB signalling. In this study the aim was to characterise how CaMKIIδ interacts with and modulates NF-κB signalling and whether this interaction exists in non-contractile cells of the heart. Recombinant or purified CaMKIIδ and the individual inhibitory -κB kinase (IKK) proteins of the NF-κB signalling pathway were used in autoradiography and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) to explore potential interactions between both components. Primary adult rat cardiac fibroblasts were then used to study the effects of selective CaMKII inhibition on pharmacologically-induced NF-κB activation as well as interaction between CaMKII and specific IKK isoforms in a cardiac cellular setting. Autoradiography analysis suggested that CaMKIIδ phosphorylated IKKβ but not IKKα. SPR analysis further supported a direct interaction between CaMKIIδ and IKKβ but not between CaMKIIδ and IKKα or IKKγ. CaMKIIδ regulation of IκΒα degradation was explored in adult cardiac fibroblasts exposed to pharmacological stimulation. Cells were stimulated with agonist in the presence or absence of a CaMKII inhibitor, autocamtide inhibitory peptide (AIP). Selective inhibition of CaMKII resulted in reduced NF-κB activation, as measured by agonist-stimulated IκBα degradation. Importantly, and in agreement with the recombinant protein work, an interaction between CaMKII and IKKβ was evident following Proximity Ligation Assays in adult cardiac fibroblasts. This study provides new evidence supporting direct interaction between CaMKIIδ and IKKβ in pro-inflammatory signalling in cardiac fibroblasts and could represent a feature that may be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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