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Ünsal Ö, Bacaksiz ZS, Khamraev V, Montanari V, Beinborn M, Kumar K. Prolonged Activation of the GLP-1 Receptor via Covalent Capture. ACS Chem Biol 2024. [PMID: 38935975 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The incretin gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has become a household name because of its ability to induce glucose-dependent insulin release with accompanying weight loss in patients. Indeed, derivatives of the peptide exert numerous pleiotropic actions that favorably affect other metabolic functions, and consequently, such compounds are being considered as treatments for a variety of ailments. The ability of native GLP-1 to function as a clinical drug is severely limited because of its short half-life in vivo. All of the beneficial effects of GLP-1 come from its agonism at the cognate receptor, GLP-1R. In our quest for long-lived activation of the receptor, we hypothesized that an agonist that had the ability to covalently cross-link with GLP-1R would prove useful. We here report the structure-guided design of peptide analogues containing an electrophilic warhead that could be covalently captured by a resident native nucleophile on the receptor. The compounds were evaluated using washout experiments, and resistance to such washing serves as an index of prolonged activation and covalent capture, which we use to tabulate longevity and robust long-lived GLP-1R agonism. The addition of SulF (cross-linkable warhead), an N-terminal trifluoroethyl group (for protease protection), and a C18 diacid lipid (protractor) all contributed to the increased wash resistance of GLP-1. The most effective compound based on the wash resistance metric, C2K26DAC18_K34SulF, has all three elements outlined and may serve as a blueprint and a proof-of-concept scaffold for the design of clinically useful molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özge Ünsal
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Z Selin Bacaksiz
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Vladislav Khamraev
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Vittorio Montanari
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Martin Beinborn
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, United States
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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2
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Lymperopoulos A, Borges JI, Stoicovy RA. Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate in Cardiac and Sympathoadrenal GLP-1 Receptor Signaling: Focus on Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:693. [PMID: 38931817 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a multifunctional incretin hormone with various physiological effects beyond its well-characterized effect of stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion in the pancreas. An emerging role for GLP-1 and its receptor, GLP-1R, in brain neuroprotection and in the suppression of inflammation, has been documented in recent years. GLP-1R is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that couples to Gs proteins that stimulate the production of the second messenger cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP, acting through its two main effectors, protein kinase A (PKA) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac), exerts several anti-inflammatory (and some pro-inflammatory) effects in cells, depending on the cell type. The present review discusses the cAMP-dependent molecular signaling pathways elicited by the GLP-1R in cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, central neurons, and even in adrenal chromaffin cells, with a particular focus on those that lead to anti-inflammatory effects by the GLP-1R. Fully elucidating the role cAMP plays in GLP-1R's anti-inflammatory properties can lead to new and more precise targets for drug development and/or provide the foundation for novel therapeutic combinations of the GLP-1R agonist medications currently on the market with other classes of drugs for additive anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Lymperopoulos
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Jordana I Borges
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
| | - Renee A Stoicovy
- Laboratory for the Study of Neurohormonal Control of the Circulation, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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3
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Cardoso JCR, Mc Shane JC, Li Z, Peng M, Power DM. Revisiting the evolution of Family B1 GPCRs and ligands: Insights from mollusca. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 586:112192. [PMID: 38408601 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Family B1 G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most well studied neuropeptide receptor families since they play a central role in many biological processes including endocrine, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and reproduction in animals. The genes for these receptors emerged from a common ancestral gene in bilaterian genomes and evolved via gene/genome duplications and deletions in vertebrate and invertebrate genomes. Their existence and function have mostly been characterized in vertebrates and few studies exist in invertebrate species. Recently, an increased interest in molluscs, means a series of genomes have become available, and since they are less modified than insect and nematode genomes, they are ideal to explore the origin and evolution of neuropeptide gene families. This review provides an overview of Family B1 GPCRs and their peptide ligands and incorporates new data obtained from Mollusca genomes and taking a comparative approach challenges existing models on their origin and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Jennifer C Mc Shane
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Zhi Li
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maoxiao Peng
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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4
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Zheng Y, Lao Z, Liu R, Xu J, Guo L, Lin Z, Yang X. Customizable Click Biochemistry Strategy for the Design and Preparation of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Conjugates and Coagonists. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:693-702. [PMID: 38700695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The development of oligomeric glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1-containing coagonists holds promise for enhancing the therapeutic potential of the GLP-1-based drugs for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Here, we report a facile, efficient, and customizable strategy based on genetically encoded SpyCatcher-SpyTag chemistry and an inducible, cleavable self-aggregating tag (icSAT) scheme. icSAT-tagged SpyTag-fused GLP-1 and the dimeric or trimeric SpyCatcher scaffold were designed for dimeric or trimeric GLP-1, while icSAT-tagged SpyCatcher-fused GLP-1 and the icSAT-tagged SpyTag-fused GIP were designed for dual GLP-1/GIP (glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide) receptor agonist. These SpyCatcher- and SpyTag-fused protein pairs were spontaneously ligated directly from the cell lysates. The subsequent icSAT scheme, coupled with a two-step standard column purification, resulted in target proteins with authentic N-termini, with yields ranging from 35 to 65 mg/L and purities exceeding 99%. In vitro assays revealed 3.0- to 4.1-fold increased activities for dimeric and trimeric GLP-1 compared to mono-GLP-1. The dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist exhibited balanced activity toward the GLP-1 receptor or the GIP receptor. All the proteins exhibited 1.8- to 3.0-fold prolonged half-lives in human serum compared to mono-GLP-1 or GIP. This study provides a generally applicable click biochemistry strategy for developing oligomeric or dual peptide/protein-based drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchun Zheng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zisha Lao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Run Liu
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Dongguan HEC Biopharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., 368 Middle Zhenan Road, Changan, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Linfeng Guo
- Dongguan HEC Biopharmaceutical R&D Co., Ltd., 368 Middle Zhenan Road, Changan, Dongguan 523871, China
| | - Zhanglin Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Odriozola A, González A, Odriozola I, Álvarez-Herms J, Corbi F. Microbiome-based precision nutrition: Prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:237-310. [PMID: 38908901 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Microorganisms have been used in nutrition and medicine for thousands of years worldwide, long before humanity knew of their existence. It is now known that the gut microbiota plays a key role in regulating inflammatory, metabolic, immune and neurobiological processes. This text discusses the importance of microbiota-based precision nutrition in gut permeability, as well as the main advances and current limitations of traditional probiotics, new-generation probiotics, psychobiotic probiotics with an effect on emotional health, probiotic foods, prebiotics, and postbiotics such as short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters and vitamins. The aim is to provide a theoretical context built on current scientific evidence for the practical application of microbiota-based precision nutrition in specific health fields and in improving health, quality of life and physiological performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Odriozola
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Adriana González
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Iñaki Odriozola
- Health Department of Basque Government, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymo® Lab, Physiology, and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain
| | - Francesc Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
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6
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Conroy LJ, McCann A, Zhang N, de Gaetano M. The role of nanosystems in the delivery of glucose-lowering drugs for the preemption and treatment of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1398-C1409. [PMID: 38525540 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00695.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide. In recent decades, type-2 diabetes has become increasingly common, particularly in younger individuals. Diabetes leads to many vascular complications, including atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease characterized by lipid-rich plaques within the vasculature. Plaques develop over time, restricting blood flow, and can, therefore, be the underlying cause of major adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke. Diabetes and atherosclerosis are intrinsically linked. Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome that accelerates atherosclerosis and increases the risk of developing other comorbidities, such as diabetes-associated atherosclerosis (DAA). Gold standard antidiabetic medications focus on attenuating hyperglycemia. Though recent evidence suggests that glucose-lowering drugs may have broader applications, beyond diabetes management. This review mainly evaluates the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), such as liraglutide and semaglutide in DAA. These drugs mimic gut hormones (incretins), which inhibit glucagon secretion while stimulating insulin secretion, thus improving insulin sensitivity. This facilitates delayed gastric emptying and increased patient satiety; hence, they are also indicated for the treatment of obesity. GLP-1 RAs have significant cardioprotective effects, including decreasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides levels. Liraglutide and semaglutide have specifically been shown to decrease cardiovascular risk. Liraglutide has displayed a myriad of antiatherosclerotic properties, with the potential to induce plaque regression. This review aims to address how glucose-lowering medications can be applied to treat diseases other than diabetes. We specifically focus on how nanomedicines can be used for the site-specific delivery of antidiabetic medicines for the treatment of diabetes-associated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke James Conroy
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute & School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alyssa McCann
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Monica de Gaetano
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute & School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Martins FL, Ribeiro-Silva JC, Nistala R, Girardi ACC. Bidirectional relation between dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and angiotensin II type I receptor signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1203-C1211. [PMID: 38581656 PMCID: PMC11193519 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00734.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are often associated with heightened levels of angiotensin II (Ang II), which accounts for the observed oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. Accumulating evidence indicates a parallel upregulation of dipeptidyl dipeptidase 4 (DPP4) activity in cardiometabolic diseases, with its inhibition shown to mitigate oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. These findings highlight an overlap between the pathophysiological mechanisms used by Ang II and DPP4. Recent evidence demonstrates that targeted inhibition of DPP4 prevents the rise in Ang II and its associated molecules in experimental models of cardiometabolic diseases. Similarly, inhibitors of the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) or Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers downregulate DPP4 activity, establishing a bidirectional relationship between DPP4 and Ang II. Here, we discuss the current evidence supporting the cross talk between Ang II and DPP4, along with the potential mechanisms promoting this cross regulation. A comprehensive analysis of this bidirectional relationship across tissues will advance our understanding of how DPP4 and Ang II collectively promote the development and progression of cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia L Martins
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Joao Carlos Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | - Ravi Nistala
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Adriana C C Girardi
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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8
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Liu L, Zheng M, Liang R. Improvement of liraglutide release from PLGA microspheres by a porous microsphere-gel composite system. Pharm Dev Technol 2024; 29:291-299. [PMID: 38466377 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2329763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
In the current work, we aimed to prepare a liraglutide-loaded porous microsphere-gel composite system. By employing polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a porogenic agent and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer (PLGA) as a carrier, the liraglutide microspheres were prepared and dispersed in a temperature-sensitive gel made of poloxamer 407 (F-127) and poloxamer 188 (F-68), which served as the gel matrix, to construct the composite system. The porous microsphere-gel composite system demonstrated prolonged and steady drug release, with a reduction to 4.7% in the initial release within 1 d, according to data from in vitro release tests. The drug release from the porous microspheres decreased from 53% to 29% during the rapid release phase as the PEG concentration increased and the release rate slowed down. In vivo experiments in rats revealed that the composite system prolonged the release period by about 10 d. The pharmacokinetic parameter AUC0-1 was decreased by 24.78 ng/ml*h, the initial burst release was decreased, and the blood drug concentration fluctuation was lessened. The construction of a porous microsphere-gel composite matrix offers a novel approach to the systems with a sustained, long-lasting release that utilizes rational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation(Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiu Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation(Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongcai Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation(Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Yantai University, Yantai, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Long-Acting and Targeting Drug Delivery System, Shandong Luye Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Yantai, People's Republic of China
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9
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Cebi E, Lee J, Subramani VK, Bak N, Oh C, Kim KK. Cryo-electron microscopy-based drug design. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1342179. [PMID: 38501110 PMCID: PMC10945328 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1342179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Structure-based drug design (SBDD) has gained popularity owing to its ability to develop more potent drugs compared to conventional drug-discovery methods. The success of SBDD relies heavily on obtaining the three-dimensional structures of drug targets. X-ray crystallography is the primary method used for solving structures and aiding the SBDD workflow; however, it is not suitable for all targets. With the resolution revolution, enabling routine high-resolution reconstruction of structures, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a promising alternative and has attracted increasing attention in SBDD. Cryo-EM offers various advantages over X-ray crystallography and can potentially replace X-ray crystallography in SBDD. To fully utilize cryo-EM in drug discovery, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of this technique and noting the key advancements in the field are crucial. This review provides an overview of the general workflow of cryo-EM in SBDD and highlights technical innovations that enable its application in drug design. Furthermore, the most recent achievements in the cryo-EM methodology for drug discovery are discussed, demonstrating the potential of this technique for advancing drug development. By understanding the capabilities and advancements of cryo-EM, researchers can leverage the benefits of designing more effective drugs. This review concludes with a discussion of the future perspectives of cryo-EM-based SBDD, emphasizing the role of this technique in driving innovations in drug discovery and development. The integration of cryo-EM into the drug design process holds great promise for accelerating the discovery of new and improved therapeutic agents to combat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Changsuk Oh
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Yuan JJ, Bangalore R, Darwish D, Moon TS, Wadhwa A. Preoperative Assessment of a Patient Undergoing Bariatric Surgery. Anesthesiol Clin 2024; 42:169-184. [PMID: 38278588 DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, obesity rates in the United States have risen drastically, and with this, there has been a rising demand for bariatric surgery. As such, anesthesiologists need to be familiar with the challenges presented by patients seeking bariatric surgery. Obesity causes pathophysiologic changes which may affect decision-making during the management of these patients. Patients seeking bariatric surgery also have a long, prescribed preoperative course that offers anesthesiologists the opportunity to be involved earlier during the pre-surgical evaluation and optimization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9068, USA
| | - Raksha Bangalore
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9068, USA
| | - Dana Darwish
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9068, USA
| | - Tiffany S Moon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9068, USA.
| | - Anupama Wadhwa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, University of Texas Southwestern, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9068, USA; Outcomes Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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11
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Smidt JM, Lykke L, Stidsen CE, Pristovšek N, Gothelf K. Synthesis of peptide-siRNA conjugates via internal sulfonylphosphoramidate modifications and evaluation of their in vitro activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:49-58. [PMID: 37971296 PMCID: PMC10783514 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugates of therapeutic oligonucleotides (ONs) including peptide conjugates, provide a potential solution to the major challenge of specific tissue delivery faced by this class of drugs. Conjugations are often positioned terminal at the ONs, although internal placement of other chemical modifications are known to be of critical importance. The introduction of internal conjugation handles in chemically modified ONs require highly specialized and expensive nucleoside phosphoramidites. Here, we present a method for synthesizing a library of peptide-siRNA conjugates by conjugation at internal phosphorous positions via sulfonylphosphoramidate modifications incorporated into the sense strand. The sulfonylphosphoramidate modification offers benefits as it can be directly incorporated into chemically modified ONs by simply changing the oxidation step during synthesis, and furthermore holds the potential to create multifunctionalized therapeutic ONs. We have developed a workflow using a novel pH-controlled amine-to-amine linker that yields peptide-siRNA conjugates linked via amide bonds, and we have synthesized conjugates between GLP1 peptides and a HPRT1 siRNA as a model system. The in vitro activity of the conjugates was tested by GLP1R activity and knockdown of the HPRT1 gene. We found that conjugation near the 3'-end is more favorable than certain central internal positions and different internal conjugation strategies were compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Melgaard Smidt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lennart Lykke
- Research Chemistry, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Carsten Enggaard Stidsen
- Centre for Functional Assays and Screening, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Nuša Pristovšek
- Centre for Functional Assays and Screening, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kurt V Gothelf
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Tian H, Chang M, Lyu Y, Dong N, Yu N, Yin T, Zhang Y, He H, Gou J, Tang X. Intramuscular injection of palmitic acid-conjugated Exendin-4 loaded multivesicular liposomes for long-acting and improving in-situ stability. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:169-185. [PMID: 38224039 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2305110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exendin-4 (Ex4) is a promising drug for diabetes mellitus with a half-life of 2.4 h in human bodies. Besides, the Ex4 formulations currently employed in the clinic or under development have problems pertaining to stability. In this study, palmitic acid-modified Ex4 (Pal-Ex4) was prepared and purified to extend the half-life of Ex4. In addition, Pal-Ex4-MVLs were further designed and optimized as a long-acting delivery system for intramuscular injection. METHODS Pal-Ex4 was encapsulated within multivesicular liposomes (MVLs) via a two-step double emulsification process. The formulated products were then assessed for their vesicle size, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Pal-Ex4-MVLs with a notable encapsulation efficiency of 99.18% were successfully prepared. Pal-Ex4-MVLs, administered via a single intramuscular injection in Sprague-Dawley rats, sustained stable plasma concentrations for 168 h, presenting extended half-life (77.28 ± 12.919 h) and enhanced relative bioavailability (664.18%). MVLs protected Ex4 through providing stable retention and slow release. This approach considerably improved the in-situ stability of the drug for intramuscular administration. CONCLUSIONS The combination of palmitic acid modification process with MVLs provides dual protection for Ex4 and can be a promising strategy for other hydrophilic protein/polypeptide-loaded sustained-release delivery systems with high drug bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixian Tian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Minsi Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yanlin Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Nan Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Nini Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, PR China
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13
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Bonam SR, Mastrippolito D, Georgel P, Muller S. Pharmacological targets at the lysosomal autophagy-NLRP3 inflammasome crossroads. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:81-101. [PMID: 38102020 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Many aspects of cell homeostasis and integrity are maintained by the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor (NLR) family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. The NLRP3 oligomeric protein complex assembles in response to exogenous and endogenous danger signals. This inflammasome has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of a range of disease conditions, particularly chronic inflammatory diseases. Given that NLRP3 modulates autophagy, which is also a key regulator of inflammasome activity, excessive inflammation may be controlled by targeting this intersecting pathway. However, specific niche areas of NLRP3-autophagy interactions and their reciprocal regulatory mechanisms remain underexplored. Consequently, we lack treatment methods specifically targeting this pivotal axis. Here, we discuss the potential of such strategies in the context of autoimmune and metabolic diseases and propose some research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Dylan Mastrippolito
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; Strasbourg Institute of Drug Discovery and Development (IMS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Georgel
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; Strasbourg Institute of Drug Discovery and Development (IMS), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Illkirch, France; Strasbourg Institute of Drug Discovery and Development (IMS), Strasbourg, France; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, France.
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14
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Purcell AR, Rodrigo N, Cao Q, Joseph O, Gill AJ, Saad S, Pollock CA, Glastras SJ. Maternal Weight Intervention in the Perinatal Period Improves Liver Health in the Offspring of Mothers with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 16:109. [PMID: 38201940 PMCID: PMC10780988 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Early-life exposure to maternal obesity predisposes offspring to metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This study aimed to determine if peripartum weight loss, either through dietary intervention or pharmacological intervention, improved adverse liver health outcomes in the offspring of mothers with obesity. C57Bl/6 dams were fed a chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. HFD-fed mice either continued HFD, transitioned to a chow diet, or were administered liraglutide for 4 weeks. Pregnancy was induced following a one-week washout of liraglutide during which all animals remained on their respective diets. A proportion of HFD-fed mice transitioned to a chow diet during pregnancy. All offspring were weaned to the HFD. Offspring anthropometric, metabolic, and hepatic outcomes were assessed at postnatal week 12. The offspring of mothers with obesity had phenotypic changes consistent with MAFLD. The offspring of mothers that had weight loss with perinatal dietary intervention had reduced insulin resistance (p < 0.001) and hepatic expression of markers of inflammation (p < 0.001), oxidative stress (p < 0.05), and fibrosis (p < 0.05). A similar phenotype was observed in the offspring of mothers with pre-pregnancy weight loss via liraglutide despite ongoing consumption of the HFD during pregnancy. All methods and timing of maternal weight intervention were effective at ameliorating adverse liver effects in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Purcell
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Natassia Rodrigo
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- North Precinct, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Nepean Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2747, Australia
| | - Qinghua Cao
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Olivia Joseph
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Gill
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- North Precinct, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- NSW Health Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- North Precinct, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Glastras
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- North Precinct, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
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15
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Naglekar A, Chattopadhyay A, Sengupta D. Palmitoylation of the Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Modulates Cholesterol Interactions at the Receptor-Lipid Microenvironment. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:11000-11010. [PMID: 38111968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c05930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily of cell surface receptors has been shown to be functionally modulated by post-translational modifications. The glucagon-like peptide receptor-1 (GLP-1R), which is a drug target in diabetes and obesity, undergoes agonist-dependent palmitoyl tail conjugation. The palmitoylation in the C-terminal domain of GLP-1R has been suggested to modulate the receptor-lipid microenvironment. In this work, we have performed coarse-grain molecular dynamics simulations of palmitoylated and nonpalmitoylated GLP-1R to analyze the differential receptor-lipid interactions. Interestingly, the placement and dynamics of the C-terminal domain of GLP-1R are found to be directly dependent on the palmitoyl tail. We observe that both cholesterol and phospholipids interact with the receptor but display differential interactions in the presence and absence of the palmitoyl tail. We characterize important cholesterol-binding sites and validate sites that have been previously reported in experimentally resolved structures of the receptor. We show that the receptor acts like a conduit for cholesterol flip-flop by stabilizing cholesterol in the membrane core. Taken together, our work represents an important step in understanding the molecular effects of lipid modifications in GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Naglekar
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amitabha Chattopadhyay
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Durba Sengupta
- CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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16
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Wang T, Wang X, Fu T, Ma Y, Wang Q, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhou H, Chang X, Tong Y. Roles of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in diabetic myocardial microvascular injury. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:675-688. [PMID: 37755621 PMCID: PMC10746668 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-023-01384-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial microvessels are composed of a monolayer of endothelial cells, which play a crucial role in maintaining vascular barrier function, luminal latency, vascular tone, and myocardial perfusion. Endothelial dysfunction is a key factor in the development of cardiac microvascular injury and diabetic cardiomyopathy. In addition to their role in glucose oxidation and energy metabolism, mitochondria also participate in non-metabolic processes such as apoptosis, intracellular ion handling, and redox balancing. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are responsible for regulating the quality and quantity of mitochondria in response to hyperglycemia. However, these endogenous homeostatic mechanisms can both preserve and/or disrupt non-metabolic mitochondrial functions during diabetic endothelial damage and cardiac microvascular injury. This review provides an overview of the molecular features and regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Furthermore, we summarize findings from various investigations that suggest abnormal mitochondrial dynamics and defective mitophagy contribute to the development of diabetic endothelial dysfunction and myocardial microvascular injury. Finally, we discuss different therapeutic strategies aimed at improving endothelial homeostasis and cardiac microvascular function through the enhancement of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Tong Fu
- Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Yanchun Ma
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Shuxiang Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150000, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xing Chang
- Cardiovascular Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Ying Tong
- First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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17
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Chuong V, Farokhnia M, Khom S, Pince CL, Elvig SK, Vlkolinsky R, Marchette RC, Koob GF, Roberto M, Vendruscolo LF, Leggio L. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue semaglutide reduces alcohol drinking and modulates central GABA neurotransmission. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e170671. [PMID: 37192005 PMCID: PMC10371247 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.170671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) system is involved in the neurobiology of addictive behaviors, and GLP-1 analogues may be used for the treatment of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Here, we examined the effects of semaglutide, a long-acting GLP-1 analogue, on biobehavioral correlates of alcohol use in rodents. A drinking-in-the-dark procedure was used to test the effects of semaglutide on binge-like drinking in male and female mice. We also tested the effects of semaglutide on binge-like and dependence-induced alcohol drinking in male and female rats, as well as acute effects of semaglutide on spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSCs) from central amygdala (CeA) and infralimbic cortex (ILC) neurons. Semaglutide dose-dependently reduced binge-like alcohol drinking in mice; a similar effect was observed on the intake of other caloric/noncaloric solutions. Semaglutide also reduced binge-like and dependence-induced alcohol drinking in rats. Semaglutide increased sIPSC frequency in CeA and ILC neurons from alcohol-naive rats, suggesting enhanced GABA release, but had no overall effect on GABA transmission in alcohol-dependent rats. In conclusion, the GLP-1 analogue semaglutide decreased alcohol intake across different drinking models and species and modulated central GABA neurotransmission, providing support for clinical testing of semaglutide as a potentially novel pharmacotherapy for AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky Chuong
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (NIAAA DICBR), NIH, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mehdi Farokhnia
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (NIAAA DICBR), NIH, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire L. Pince
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (NIAAA DICBR), NIH, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie K. Elvig
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Roman Vlkolinsky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - George F. Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, NIDA IRP, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Leandro F. Vendruscolo
- Stress and Addiction Neuroscience Unit, NIDA IRP and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program (NIDA IRP) and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research (NIAAA DICBR), NIH, Baltimore and Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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18
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Popoviciu MS, Păduraru L, Yahya G, Metwally K, Cavalu S. Emerging Role of GLP-1 Agonists in Obesity: A Comprehensive Review of Randomised Controlled Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10449. [PMID: 37445623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it a growing global concern. These comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, hypertension, ventilatory dysfunction, arthrosis, venous and lymphatic circulation diseases, depression, and others, which have a negative impact on health and increase morbidity and mortality. GLP-1 agonists, used to treat type 2 diabetes, have been shown to be effective in promoting weight loss in preclinical and clinical studies. This review summarizes numerous studies conducted on the main drugs in the GLP-1 agonists class, outlining the maximum achievable weight loss. Our aim is to emphasize the active role and main outcomes of GLP-1 agonists in promoting weight loss, as well as in improving hyperglycemia, insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, cardio-metabolic, and renal protection. We highlight the pleiotropic effects of these medications, along with their indications, contraindications, and precautions for both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, based on long-term follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela-Simona Popoviciu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Lorena Păduraru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Al Sharqia 44519, Egypt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Paul-Ehrlich Str. 24, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Kamel Metwally
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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19
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Purcell AR, Glastras SJ. Maternal Weight Management to Prevent the Developmental Programming of MAFLD in Offspring of Obese Mothers. Nutrients 2023; 15:2155. [PMID: 37432265 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The global surge of obesity amongst women of reproductive age has raised concerns surrounding the health consequences for their offspring as there is a formidable link between an obesogenic maternal environment and the developmental programming of metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. Specifically, the offspring of mothers with obesity have a three-fold higher risk of developing metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) compared to the offspring of healthy-weight mothers. Given the burgeoning burden of obesity and its comorbidities, it is essential to focus research efforts on methods to alleviate the intergenerational onset of obesity and MAFLD. This review summarizes the current research surrounding the developmental programming of MAFLD in the offspring of mothers with obesity and examines the potential for weight interventions to prevent such metabolic dysfunction in the offspring. It focuses on the benefits of pre-pregnancy interventional strategies, including dietary and exercise intervention, to ameliorate adverse liver health outcomes in the offspring. The utility and translation of these interventions for humans may be difficult for prospective mothers with obesity, thus the use of pre-pregnancy therapeutic weight loss aids, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Renae Purcell
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Sarah Jean Glastras
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney 2065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia
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20
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Failor M, Bohler M, Cao C, Gilbert E, Cline M. Elucidating the central anorexigenic mechanism of glucagon-like peptide 1 in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 339:114292. [PMID: 37088166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) elicits a potent reduction in food intake, although the central mechanism mediating this appetite-suppressive effect is not fully understood in all species. To begin to elucidate the molecular mechanisms in quail, we administered GLP-1 via intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection to 7-day-old Japanese quail(Coturnix japonica) and determined effects on food and water intake, behavior, and brain nucleus activation. We observed a reduction in food and water intake, with the lowest effective dose being 0.01 nmol. Quail injected with GLP-1 displayed fewer steps, feeding pecks, exploratory pecks, and jumps, while time spent sitting increased. We quantified c-Fos immunoreactivity at 60 minutes post-injection in hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei that mediate food intake and determined that the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and nucleus of the solitary tract and area postrema of the brainstem were activated in response to GLP-1.In conclusion, these results suggest that GLP-1 induces anorexigenic effects that are likely mediated at the level of the PVN and brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Failor
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Bohler
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gilbert
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Cline
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.
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21
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Kang YG, Lee T, Ro J, Oh S, Kwak JH, Kim AR. Combination of Lactobacillus plantarum HAC03 and Garcinia cambogia Has a Significant Anti-Obesity Effect in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081859. [PMID: 37111078 PMCID: PMC10142012 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health problem which is associated with various diseases and psychological conditions. Increasing understanding of the relationship between obesity and gut microbiota has led to a worldwide effort to use microbiota as a treatment for obesity. However, several clinical trials have shown that obesity treatment with single strains of probiotics did not achieve as significant results as in animal studies. To overcome this limitation, we attempted to find a new combination that goes beyond the effects of probiotics alone by combining probiotics and a natural substance that has a stronger anti-obesity effect. In this study, we used a diet-induced obesity mouse (DIO) model to investigate the effects of combining Lactobacillus plantarum HAC03 with Garcinia cambogia extract, as compared to the effects of each substance alone. Combining L. plantarum HAC03 and G. cambogia, treatment showed a more than two-fold reduction in weight gain compared to each substance administered alone. Even though the total amount administered was kept the same as for other single experiments, the combination treatment significantly reduced biochemical markers of obesity and adipocyte size, in comparison to the treatment with either substance alone. The treatment with a combination of two substances also significantly decreased the gene expression of fatty acid synthesis (FAS, ACC, PPARγ and SREBP1c) in mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT). Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the fecal microbiota suggested that the combination of L. plantarum HAC03 and G. cambogia extract treatment changed the diversity of gut microbiota and altered specific bacterial taxa at the genus level (the Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group and Lachnospiraceae UCG group) and specific functions (NAD salvage pathway I and starch degradation V). Our results support that the idea that the combination of L. plantarum HAC03 and G. cambogia extract has a synergistic anti-obesity effect by restoring the composition of the gut microbiota. This combination also increases the abundance of bacteria responsible for energy metabolism, as well as the production of SCFAs and BCAAs. Furthermore, no significant adverse effects were observed during the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Goo Kang
- School of Creative Convergence Education, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoung Lee
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Ro
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghun Oh
- HDSbio Inc., Pohang 37668, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Kwak
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
- HDSbio Inc., Pohang 37668, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
- Sunlin University, Pohang 37560, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ram Kim
- School of Creative Convergence Education, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
- HDSbio Inc., Pohang 37668, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
- School of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyeong-Buk, Republic of Korea
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22
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Wang Q, Guo H, Mao W, Qian X, Liu Y. The Oral Delivery System of Modified GLP-1 by Probiotics for T2DM. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041202. [PMID: 37111687 PMCID: PMC10143976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide with incretin activity and plays an important role in glycemic control as well as the improvement of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the short half-life of the native GLP-1 in circulation poses difficulties for clinical practice. To improve the proteolytic stability and delivery properties of GLP-1, a protease-resistant modified GLP-1 (mGLP-1) was constructed with added arginine to ensure the structural integrity of the released mGLP-1 in vivo. The model probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 was chosen as the oral delivery vehicle with controllable endogenous genetic tools driven for mGLP-1 secretory constitutive expression. The feasibility of our design was explored in db/db mice which showed an improvement in diabetic symptoms related to decreased pancreatic glucagon, elevated pancreatic β-cell proportion, and increased insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, this study provides a novel strategy for the oral delivery of mGLP-1 and further probiotic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haixin Guo
- Shanghai TriApex Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wenwei Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiuping Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yangang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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23
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Chao AM, Tronieri JS, Amaro A, Wadden TA. Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2023; 33:159-166. [PMID: 34942372 PMCID: PMC9209591 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist that was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for chronic weight management. This paper reviews data on the mechanism of action, weight-loss and cardiometabolic efficacy, and safety of semaglutide 2.4 mg/week for obesity. Semaglutide has demonstrated the largest weight loss of any obesity medication to date with reductions of approximately 15% of initial weight at 68 weeks, accompanied by improvements in cardiovascular risks factors and physical functioning. The approval of this medication provides patients with greater options for weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana M Chao
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences; Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry.
| | - Jena S Tronieri
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Anastassia Amaro
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and Penn Metabolic Medicine
| | - Thomas A Wadden
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry
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24
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Zhu KF, Yuan C, Du YM, Sun KL, Zhang XK, Vogel H, Jia XD, Gao YZ, Zhang QF, Wang DP, Zhang HW. Applications and prospects of cryo-EM in drug discovery. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:10. [PMID: 36872349 PMCID: PMC9986049 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug discovery is a crucial part of human healthcare and has dramatically benefited human lifespan and life quality in recent centuries, however, it is usually time- and effort-consuming. Structural biology has been demonstrated as a powerful tool to accelerate drug development. Among different techniques, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is emerging as the mainstream of structure determination of biomacromolecules in the past decade and has received increasing attention from the pharmaceutical industry. Although cryo-EM still has limitations in resolution, speed and throughput, a growing number of innovative drugs are being developed with the help of cryo-EM. Here, we aim to provide an overview of how cryo-EM techniques are applied to facilitate drug discovery. The development and typical workflow of cryo-EM technique will be briefly introduced, followed by its specific applications in structure-based drug design, fragment-based drug discovery, proteolysis targeting chimeras, antibody drug development and drug repurposing. Besides cryo-EM, drug discovery innovation usually involves other state-of-the-art techniques such as artificial intelligence (AI), which is increasingly active in diverse areas. The combination of cryo-EM and AI provides an opportunity to minimize limitations of cryo-EM such as automation, throughput and interpretation of medium-resolution maps, and tends to be the new direction of future development of cryo-EM. The rapid development of cryo-EM will make it as an indispensable part of modern drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kong-Fu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Chuang Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yong-Ming Du
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105 USA
| | - Kai-Lei Sun
- Center for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077 China
| | - Xiao-Kang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Horst Vogel
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Xu-Dong Jia
- State Key Lab for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Yuan-Zhu Gao
- Cryo-EM Facility Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
| | - Qin-Fen Zhang
- State Key Lab for Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275 China
| | - Da-Ping Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518000 Guangdong China
| | - Hua-Wei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong China
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25
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Hyldahl F, Hem-Jensen E, Rahbek UL, Tritsaris K, Dissing S. Pulsed electric fields stimulate microglial transmitter release of VEGF, IL-8 and GLP-1 and activate endothelial cells through paracrine signaling. Neurochem Int 2023; 163:105469. [PMID: 36592699 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As action potentials propagate along an axon, pulsed extracellular electric fields (E-fields) are induced. We investigated the role of E-fields in activating microglia cells and affecting capillary function and found that E-fields control human microglia secretions in concert with purinergic factors. We generated E-fields by applying transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields (T-PEMF) identical to those appearing outside neurons as action potentials propagate. T-PEMF alone enhanced mRNA synthesis for VEGF, IL-8, IL-6 and the proglucagon gene as well as the PC1/3 enzyme that cleaves the proglucagon protein to glucagon and GLP-1 proteins. We found that T-PEMF enhanced secretion from microglia of VEGF, IL-8 and GLP-1 proteins having angiogenic and proliferative profiles. Interestingly, T-PEMF and purinergic transmitters together enhanced secretions confirming synergy between their actions. ATP also induced nitric oxide (NO) syntheses in distinct locations in the nucleus and the mRNA synthesis for the responsible iNOS was reduced by T-PEMF. When the microglia-secretory fluid was added to brain endothelial cells we saw vivid Ca2+ signaling and enhanced transcription of mRNA for IL-8 and VEGF. Our previous work shows that applying T-PEMF to the human brain provides up to 60% remission for patients with refractory depressions within 8 weeks and improvements for Parkinson patients. Thus, physiological E-fields activate microglia, work synergistically with neurotransmitters, and cause paracrine secretions which cause activation of capillaries. Application of these E-Fields is effective for treating refractory depressions and appear promising for treating neurodegenerative brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke Hyldahl
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200N, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Hem-Jensen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200N, Denmark
| | - Ulrik L Rahbek
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200N, Denmark
| | - Katerina Tritsaris
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200N, Denmark
| | - Steen Dissing
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Faculty of Health Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2200N, Denmark.
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26
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Haueis L, Stech M, Schneider E, Lanz T, Hebel N, Zemella A, Kubick S. Rapid One-Step Capturing of Native, Cell-Free Synthesized and Membrane-Embedded GLP-1R. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032808. [PMID: 36769142 PMCID: PMC9917595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are of outstanding pharmacological interest as they are abundant in cell membranes where they perform diverse functions that are closely related to the vitality of cells. The analysis of GPCRs in natural membranes is laborious, as established methods are almost exclusively cell culture-based and only a few methods for immobilization in a natural membrane outside the cell are known. Within this study, we present a one-step, fast and robust immobilization strategy of the GPCR glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R). GLP-1R was synthesized in eukaryotic lysates harboring endogenous endoplasmic reticulum-derived microsomes enabling the embedment of GLP-1R in a natural membrane. Interestingly, we found that these microsomes spontaneously adsorbed to magnetic Neutravidin beads thus providing immobilized membrane protein preparations which required no additional manipulation of the target receptor or its supporting membrane. The accessibility of the extracellular domain of membrane-embedded and bead-immobilized GLP-1R was demonstrated by bead-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using GLP-1R-specific monoclonal antibodies. In addition, ligand binding of immobilized GLP-1R was verified in a radioligand binding assay. In summary, we present an easy and straightforward synthesis and immobilization methodology of an active GPCR which can be beneficial for studying membrane proteins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Haueis
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24–25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Marlitt Stech
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Thorsten Lanz
- 3B Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Magnusstraße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Hebel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anne Zemella
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Stefan Kubick
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Am Mühlenberg 13, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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27
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Xie X, Valiente PA, Kim PM. HelixGAN a deep-learning methodology for conditional de novo design of α-helix structures. Bioinformatics 2023; 39:6991169. [PMID: 36651657 PMCID: PMC9887083 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Protein and peptide engineering has become an essential field in biomedicine with therapeutics, diagnostics and synthetic biology applications. Helices are both abundant structural feature in proteins and comprise a major portion of bioactive peptides. Precise design of helices for binding or biological activity is still a challenging problem. RESULTS Here, we present HelixGAN, the first generative adversarial network method to generate de novo left-handed and right-handed alpha-helix structures from scratch at an atomic level. We developed a gradient-based search approach in latent space to optimize the generation of novel α-helical structures by matching the exact conformations of selected hotspot residues. The designed α-helical structures can bind specific targets or activate cellular receptors. There is a significant agreement between the helix structures generated with HelixGAN and PEP-FOLD, a well-known de novo approach for predicting peptide structures from amino acid sequences. HelixGAN outperformed RosettaDesign, and our previously developed structural similarity method to generate D-peptides matching a set of given hotspots in a known L-peptide. As proof of concept, we designed a novel D-GLP1_1 analog that matches the conformations of critical hotspots for the GLP1 function. MD simulations revealed a stable binding mode of the D-GLP1_1 analog coupled to the GLP1 receptor. This novel D-peptide analog is more stable than our previous D-GLP1 design along the MD simulations. We envision HelixGAN as a critical tool for designing novel bioactive peptides with specific properties in the early stages of drug discovery. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION https://github.com/xxiexuezhi/helix_gan. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Xie
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada,Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Pedro A Valiente
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
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28
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Mirzaei F, Khodadadi I, Majdoub N, Vafaei SA, Tayebinia H, Abbasi E. Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Agonists in the Management of Diabetic Patients with or without COVID-19. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/18741045-v16-e2212130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is a gut-derived hormone released after a meal, which alleviates hyperglycemia, increases β-cell survival, reduces body weight, and reduces inflammation. These thrilling effects motivated clinical studies to discover the potential use of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in the management of T2D. GLP-1 RAs are potential anti-diabetic agents that can reduce blood pressure, glucose levels, HbA1c and, weight loss without hypoglycemia risk. This manuscript reviews the importance of GLP-1 RAs and their role in the management of T2D with or without COVID-19 infection. Hence, this manuscript can help physicians and researchers to choose the most appropriate drugs for the individualized treatment of subjects.
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29
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DeMarsilis A, Reddy N, Boutari C, Filippaios A, Sternthal E, Katsiki N, Mantzoros C. Pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes: An update and future directions. Metabolism 2022; 137:155332. [PMID: 36240884 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2022.155332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a widely prevalent disease with substantial economic and social impact for which multiple conventional and novel pharmacotherapies are currently available; however, the landscape of T2D treatment is constantly changing as new therapies emerge and the understanding of currently available agents deepens. This review aims to provide an updated summary of the pharmacotherapeutic approach to T2D. Each class of agents is presented by mechanism of action, details of administration, side effect profile, cost, and use in certain populations including heart failure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, chronic kidney disease, and older individuals. We also review targets of novel therapeutic T2D agent development. Finally, we outline an up-to-date treatment approach that starts with identification of an individualized goal for glycemic control then selection, initiation, and further intensification of a personalized therapeutic plan for T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antea DeMarsilis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Niyoti Reddy
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, USA
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- Second Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippocration Hospital, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Filippaios
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Elliot Sternthal
- Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Greece; School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Christos Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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30
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Liu H, Liang Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Guo X, Guan W, Zou W, Wu Z. Identification of the effect of N-glycan modification and its sialylation on proteolytic stability and glucose-stabilizing activity of glucagon-like peptide 1 by site-directed enzymatic glycosylation. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31892-31899. [PMID: 36380917 PMCID: PMC9639207 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05872c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an approach to prepare long-acting glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) by site-directed enzymatic glycosylation with homogeneous biantennary complex-type N-glycan has been developed. All the N-glycan-modified GLP-1 analogues preserved an unchanged secondary structure. The glycosylated GLP-1 analogues with sialyl complex-type N-glycan modified at Asn26 and Asn34 exhibited a 36.7- and 24.0-fold in vitro half-life respectively when incubated with dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and 25.0- and 13.9-fold respectively when incubated with mouse serum. Compared to native GLP-1, both glycosylated GLP-1 analogues modified at Asn34 by asialyl and sialyl N-glycan demonstrated lower maximum blood glucose levels, as well as more rapid and more persistent glucose-stabilizing capability in type 2 diabetic db/db mice. Our results indicated that the selection of an appropriate position (to avoid hindering the peptide-receptor binding) is crucial for N-glycan modification and its sialylation to improve the therapeutic properties of the modified peptides. The information learned would facilitate future design of therapeutic glycopeptides/glycoproteins with N-glycan to achieve enhanced pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei 050018 China
| | - Zengwei Liang
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei 050018 China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei 050018 China
| | - Yingze Li
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei 050018 China
| | - Ya Wang
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei 050018 China
| | - Xin Guo
- Research Center, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shijiazhuang Hebei 050011 China
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, Kanazawa Medical University Uchinada Ishikawa 920-0293 Japan
| | - Wanyi Guan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang Hebei 050024 China
| | - Wei Zou
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei 050018 China
| | - Zhigang Wu
- College of Food and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei 050018 China
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31
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Al‐Zaid B, Chacko S, Ezeamuzie CI, Bünemann M, Krasel C, Karimian T, Lanzerstorfer P, Al‐Sabah S. Differential effects of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor heteromerization on cell signaling when expressed in HEK-293 cells. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2022; 10:e01013. [PMID: 36177761 PMCID: PMC9523454 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The incretin hormones: glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are important regulators of many aspects of metabolism including insulin secretion. Their receptors (GIPR and GLP-1R) are closely related members of the secretin class of G-protein-coupled receptors. As both receptors are expressed on pancreatic β-cells there is at least the hypothetical possibility that they may form heteromers. In the present study, we investigated GIPR/GLP-1R heteromerization and the impact of GIPR on GLP-1R-mediated signaling and vice versa in HEK-293 cells. Real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) saturation experiments confirm that GLP-1R and GIPR form heteromers. Stimulation with 1 μM GLP-1 caused an increase in both FRET and BRET ratio, whereas stimulation with 1 μM GIP caused a decrease. The only other ligand tested to cause a significant change in BRET signal was the GLP-1 metabolite, GLP-1 (9-36). GIPR expression had no significant effect on mini-Gs recruitment to GLP-1R but significantly inhibited GLP-1 stimulated mini-Gq and arrestin recruitment. In contrast, the presence of GLP-1R improved GIP stimulated mini-Gs and mini-Gq recruitment to GIPR. These data support the hypothesis that GIPR and GLP-1R form heteromers with differential consequences on cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashaier Al‐Zaid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
| | - Siby Chacko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
| | | | - Moritz Bünemann
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacology and ToxicologyThe Philipps University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Cornelius Krasel
- School of Pharmacy, Institute for Pharmacology and ToxicologyThe Philipps University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Tina Karimian
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of EngineeringWelsAustria
| | - Peter Lanzerstorfer
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, School of EngineeringWelsAustria
| | - Suleiman Al‐Sabah
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of MedicineKuwait UniversityKuwait CityKuwait
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32
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Wang H, Zhang H, Gao Z, Zhang Q, Gu C. The mechanism of berberine alleviating metabolic disorder based on gut microbiome. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:854885. [PMID: 36093200 PMCID: PMC9452888 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.854885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With socioeconomic advances and improved living standards, metabolic syndrome has increasingly come into the attention. In recent decades, a growing number of studies have shown that the gut microbiome and its metabolites are closely related to the occurrence and development of many metabolic diseases, and play an important role that cannot be ignored, for instance, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardiovascular disease and others. The correlation between gut microbiota and metabolic disorder has been widely recognized. Metabolic disorder could cause imbalance in gut microbiota, and disturbance of gut microbiota could aggravate metabolic disorder as well. Berberine (BBR), as a natural ingredient, plays an important role in the treatment of metabolic disorder. Studies have shown that BBR can alleviate the pathological conditions of metabolic disorders, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of gut microbiota: gut microbiota could regulate the absorption and utilization of berberine in the body; meanwhile, the structure and function of gut microbiota also changed after intervention by berberine. Therefore, we summarize relevant mechanism research, including the expressions of nitroreductases-producing bacteria to promote the absorption and utilization of berberine, strengthening intestinal barrier function, ameliorating inflammation regulating bile acid signal pathway and axis of bacteria-gut-brain. The aim of our study is to clarify the therapeutic characteristics of berberine further and provide the theoretical basis for the regulation of metabolic disorder from the perspective of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiqi Zhang
- Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chengjuan Gu
- Shenzhen Hospital (Futian), Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Chengjuan Gu,
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33
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Chellappan DK, Bhandare RR, Shaik AB, Prasad K, Suhaimi NAA, Yap WS, Das A, Banerjee P, Ghosh N, Guith T, Das A, Balakrishnan S, Candasamy M, Mayuren J, Palaniveloo K, Gupta G, Singh SK, Dua K. Vaccine for Diabetes-Where Do We Stand? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169470. [PMID: 36012735 PMCID: PMC9409121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is an endocrinological disorder with a rapidly increasing number of patients globally. Over the last few years, the alarming status of diabetes has become a pivotal factor pertaining to morbidity and mortality among the youth as well as middle-aged people. Current developments in our understanding related to autoimmune responses leading to diabetes have developed a cause for concern in the prospective usage of immunomodulatory agents to prevent diabetes. The mechanism of action of vaccines varies greatly, such as removing autoreactive T cells and inhibiting the interactions between immune cells. Currently, most developed diabetes vaccines have been tested in animal models, while only a few human trials have been completed with positive outcomes. In this review, we investigate the undergoing clinical trial studies for the development of a prototype diabetes vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (D.K.C.); (R.R.B.); Tel.: +60-12-636-1308 (D.K.C.); +971-6-705-6227 (R.R.B.)
| | - Richie R. Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jruf, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jruf, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (D.K.C.); (R.R.B.); Tel.: +60-12-636-1308 (D.K.C.); +971-6-705-6227 (R.R.B.)
| | - Afzal B. Shaik
- St. Mary’s College of Pharmacy, St. Mary’s Group of Institutions Guntur, Chebrolu, Guntur 522212, India
| | - Krishna Prasad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Science Research, Ajman University, Al-Jruf, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Wei Sheng Yap
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Arpita Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700126, India
| | - Pradipta Banerjee
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nandini Ghosh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Tanner Guith
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amitava Das
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Mayuren Candasamy
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Jayashree Mayuren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kishneth Palaniveloo
- C302, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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El Eid L, Reynolds CA, Tomas A, Ben Jones. Biased Agonism and Polymorphic Variation at the GLP-1 Receptor: Implications for the Development of Personalised Therapeutics. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106411. [PMID: 36007775 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) is a well-studied incretin hormone receptor and target of several therapeutic drugs for type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity and, more recently, cardiovascular disease. Some signalling pathways downstream of GLP-1R may be responsible for drug adverse effects such as nausea, while others mediate therapeutic outcomes of incretin-based T2D therapeutics. Understanding the interplay between different factors that alter signalling, trafficking, and receptor activity, including biased agonism, single nucleotide polymorphisms and structural modifications is key to develop the next-generation of personalised GLP-1R agonists. However, these interactions remain poorly described, especially for novel therapeutics such as dual and tri-agonists that target more than one incretin receptor. Comparison of GLP-1R structures in complex with G proteins and different peptide and non-peptide agonists has revealed novel insights into important agonist-residue interactions and networks crucial for receptor activation, recruitment of G proteins and engagement of specific signalling pathways. Here, we review the latest knowledge on GLP-1R structure and activation, providing structural evidence for biased agonism and delineating important networks associated with this phenomenon. We survey current biased agonists and multi-agonists at different stages of development, highlighting possible challenges in their translational potential. Lastly, we discuss findings related to non-synonymous genomic variants of GLP1R and the functional importance of specific residues involved in GLP-1R function. We propose that studies of GLP-1R polymorphisms, and specifically their effect on receptor dynamics and pharmacology in response to biased agonists, could have a significant impact in delineating precision medicine approaches and development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane El Eid
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Alison Gingell Building, United Kingdom; School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Fradgley JD, Starck M, Lamarque L, Parker D. Comparative Analysis of a Series of pH‐Responsive Sulphonated Europium Complexes for Bioassays Monitoring Acidification. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack D. Fradgley
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK E-mail: j.d
| | - Matthieu Starck
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK E-mail: j.d
| | | | - David Parker
- Department of Chemistry Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK E-mail: j.d
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Sun H, Qi X. The role of insulin and incretin-based drugs in biliary tract cancer: epidemiological and experimental evidence. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:70. [PMID: 35933633 PMCID: PMC9357599 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin and incretin-based drugs are important antidiabetic agents with complex effects on cell growth and metabolism. Emerging evidence shows that insulin and incretin-based drugs are associated with altered risk of biliary tract cancer (BTC). Observational study reveals that insulin is associated with an increased risk of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC), but not intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) or gallbladder cancer (GBC). This type-specific effect can be partly explained by the cell of origin and heterogeneous genome landscape of the three subtypes of BTC. Similar to insulin, incretin-based drugs also exhibit very interesting contradictions and inconsistencies in response to different cancer phenotypes, including BTC. Both epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that incretin-based drugs can be a promoter of some cancers and an inhibitor of others. It is now more apparent that this type of drugs has a broader range of physiological effects on the body, including regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, and gene expression. In particular, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) have a more complex effect on cancer due to the multi-functional nature of DPP-4. DPP-4 exerts both catalytic and non-enzymatic functions to regulate metabolic homeostasis, immune reaction, cell migration, and proliferation. In this review, we collate the epidemiological and experimental evidence regarding the effect of these two classes of drugs on BTC to provide valuable information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhejiang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, No.208 East Huancheng Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Qi
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR China, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumor, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.573 Xujiahui Road, Shanghai, China.
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Paroli G, Murciano N, Mancini C, Soldaini M, Rijli S, DeSiena G, Bacci S. The role of mast cells in cellular modifications evoked by Exendin-4 in treated wounds: a preclinical study. J Wound Care 2022; 31:701-708. [PMID: 36001707 DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2022.31.8.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the response of cellular infiltration in wounds treated with Exendin-4. METHOD In this study, 16 mice were used. On each mouse, two wounds were produced, one above the other, in order to study the effects of the various treatments carried out. The wounds then received an intradermal injection of either saline (20μl; Group 1) or Exendin-4 (Exe4, 62ng; Group 2) in the upper and lower wounds, respectively. The mice were euthanised in order to collect the wounds at time of abrasion (T0), at 48 hours (T1), 96 hours (T2) and 144 hours (T3). The expression of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) was evaluated by Western blot in wound lysates. Histological and histochemistry methods were applied in cryosections. RESULTS In T2 and T3 treated wounds, the mast cells degranulation index increased while GLP-1R expression, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, or heat shock protein (HSP)47 antigens were detected in their cytoplasm. These cells interacted with dendritic cells, vessels or granulocytes. The density of dendritic cells increased progressively, and intercellular connections were found between these cells and vessels. Among the dendritic cells at T2, only M2 macrophages increased. However, M1 cells expressed transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and both interacted with either fibroblasts or with vessels. The number of plasmacytoid dendritic cells increased and established close contacts with regulatory T cells. CONCLUSION We propose that after treatment with Exe4, early activation of mast cells is critical in wound healing acceleration. This is crucial in understanding the potential effect of this drug for viable clinical therapies. DECLARATION OF INTEREST No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Paroli
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Murciano
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Caterina Mancini
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Marta Soldaini
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Sarah Rijli
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Gaetano DeSiena
- Department of Neurofarba, Section of Pharmacology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Bacci
- Department of Biology, Research Unit of Histology and Embriology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Effects of linagliptin on morphine dependence in larval zebrafish ( Danio rerio). CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Drug addiction is a chronic, recurrent disease of the central nervous system that leads to the development of comorbidities and premature death. Despite extensive scientific research concerning addiction, no effective method of addiction pharmacotherapy has been known so far. Glucagon-like peptide 1 has been suggested to play a role in the rewarding effect of addictive drugs. Linagliptin is a selective dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor that suppresses the rapid degradation of endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1. In clinical practice, it is used as an antidiabetic drug, but recent studies have confirmed its role in the activity of the central nervous system. This pilot study was conducted to ascertain whether linagliptin might influence morphine dependence – a locomotor activity test was carried out to assess the intensity of morphine withdrawal symptom. The obtained results clearly confirmed that linagliptin (0.01 and 0.1 mM) reduced the locomotor activity in morphine-dependent larval zebrafish. The undertaken experiments clearly indicates that linagliptin is involved in the addictive effects of morphine, thus, further studies on higher organisms should be carried out.
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Touny AA, Kenny E, Månsson M, Webb DL, Hellström PM. Pain relief and pain intensity response to GLP-1 receptor agonist ROSE-010 in irritable bowel syndrome; clinical study cross-analysis with respect to patient characteristics. Scand J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:783-791. [PMID: 35234561 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2041084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist ROSE-010 has been studied for management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). ROSE-010 showed promising effects by reducing pain during attacks of IBS. In this exploratory substudy, we cross-analyzed earlier data to identify the most suitable subpopulation for treatment with ROSE-010. METHODS Data comprising 166 participants (116 females, 50 males) treated by subcutaneous injection with ROSE-010 at 100 µg and 300 µg versus placebo were broken down into subpopulations with recall of historical pain intensity, pain intensity immediately before treatment, gender, age, BMI, IBS subtype as well as pain intensity and pain relief of ROSE-010 with relationship to plasma glucose using visual analogue scores. Statistical cross-analysis was performed to detect optimal responders for adequate pain relief response. RESULTS ROSE-010 gave dose- and time-dependent effects with maximum pain relief at 300 µg relative 100 µg and placebo at 120 min post injection. Females had greater pain relief than males; age and BMI did not affect treatment response. IBS pain relief was greatest in constipation-dominant IBS (IBS-C) and mixed IBS (IBS-M) relative diarrhea-dominant and unspecified IBS. CONCLUSIONS Clinical trial data indicate that female participants are more likely than males to respond to ROSE-010 100 µg and 300 µg to achieve meaningful IBS pain relief. Maximum pain relief was achieved at 120 min with the higher dose, although this was accompanied with higher rates of nausea. Improvement of IBS pain attacks was most pronounced in IBS-C and IBS-M, suggesting these subgroups to be optimal ROSE-010 responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A Touny
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Dominic-Luc Webb
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per M Hellström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kang Y, Tang D, Lan L, Zhou H. Editorial: Sepsis: Basic, Clinical and Therapeutic Approaches. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:910332. [PMID: 35645807 PMCID: PMC9131450 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.910332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan Universities, Chengdu, China
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Lefu Lan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Pudong Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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A novel strategy for production of liraglutide precursor peptide and development of a new long-acting incretin mimic. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266833. [PMID: 35500009 PMCID: PMC9060347 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, a small number of incretin mimics are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) due to their longer half-life. The present study aimed to introduce a novel method for producing the liraglutide precursor peptide (LPP) and developing a potentially new incretin mimic. Here, human αB-crystallin (αB-Cry) was ligated to the LPP at the gene level, and the gene construct was expressed in Escherichia coli with a relatively good efficiency. The hybrid protein (αB-lir) was then purified by a precipitation method followed by anion exchange chromatography. After that, the peptide was released from the carrier protein by a chemical cleavage method yielding about 70%. The LPP was then purified by gel filtration chromatography, and HPLC estimated its purity to be about 98%. Also, the molecular mass of the purified peptide was finally confirmed by mass spectroscopy analysis. Assessment of the secondary structures suggested a dominant α-helical structure for the LPP and a β-sheet rich structure for the hybrid protein. The subcutaneous injection of the LPP and the αB-lir hybrid protein significantly reduced the blood sugar levels in healthy and diabetic mice and stimulated insulin secretion. Also, the hybrid protein exerts its bioactivities more effectively than the LPP over a relatively longer period of time. The results of this study suggested a novel method for the easy and cost-effective production of the LPP and introduced a new long-acting incretin mimic that can be potentially used for the treatment of T2DM patients.
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Islam MS, Sharif A, Kwan N, Tam KC. Bile Acid Sequestrants for Hypercholesterolemia Treatment Using Sustainable Biopolymers: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1248-1272. [PMID: 35333534 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids, the endogenous steroid nucleus containing signaling molecules, are responsible for the regulation of multiple metabolic processes, including lipoprotein and glucose metabolism to maintain homeostasis. Within our body, they are directly produced from their immediate precursors, cholesterol C (low-density lipoprotein C, LDL-C), through the enzymatic catabolic process mediated by 7-α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1). Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) or amphiphilic resins that are nonabsorbable to the human body (being complex high molecular weight polymers/electrolytes) are one of the classes of drugs used to treat hypercholesterolemia (a high plasma cholesterol level) or dyslipidemia (lipid abnormalities in the body); thus, they have been used clinically for more than 50 years with strong safety profiles as demonstrated by the Lipid Research Council-Cardiovascular Primary Prevention Trial (LRC-CPPT). They reduce plasma LDL-C and can slightly increase high-density lipoprotein C (HDL-C) levels, whereas many of the recent clinical studies have demonstrated that they can reduce glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, due to higher daily dosage requirements, lower efficacy in LDL-C reduction, and concomitant drug malabsorption, research to develop an "ideal" BAS from sustainable or natural sources with better LDL-C lowering efficacy and glucose regulations and lower side effects is being pursued. This Review discusses some recent developments and their corresponding efficacies as bile removal or LDL-C reduction of natural biopolymer (polysaccharide)-based compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahidul Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Anjiya Sharif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nathania Kwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Kam C Tam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: The Impact of Pharmacological Properties and Genetic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073451. [PMID: 35408810 PMCID: PMC8998939 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are a new class of antihyperglycemic drugs that enhance appropriate pancreatic β-cell secretion, pancreatic α-cell (glucagon) suppression, decrease liver glucose production, increase satiety through their action on the central nervous system, slow gastric emptying time, and increase insulin action on peripheral tissue. They are effective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus and have a favorable effect on weight loss. Their cardiovascular and renal safety has been extensively investigated and confirmed in many clinical trials. Recently, evidence has shown that in addition to the existing approaches for the treatment of obesity, semaglutide in higher doses promotes weight loss and can be used as a drug to treat obesity. However, some T2DM and obese patients do not achieve a desired therapeutic effect of GLP-1 receptor agonists. This could be due to the multifactorial etiologies of T2DM and obesity, but genetic variability in the GLP-1 receptor or signaling pathways also needs to be considered in non-responders to GLP-1 receptor agonists. This review focuses on the pharmacological, clinical, and genetic factors that may influence the response to GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity.
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Diz-Chaves Y, Herrera-Pérez S, González-Matías LC, Mallo F. Effects of Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogs in the hippocampus. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 118:457-478. [PMID: 35180937 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a pleiotropic hormone very well known for its incretin effect in the glucose-dependent stimulation of insulin secretion. However, GLP-1 is also produced in the brain, and it displays critical roles in neuroprotection by activating the GLP-1 receptor signaling pathways. GLP-1 enhances learning and memory in the hippocampus, promotes neurogenesis, decreases inflammation and apoptosis, modulates reward behavior, and reduces food intake. Its pharmacokinetics have been improved to enhance the peptide's half-life, enhancing exposure and time of action. The GLP-1 agonists are successfully in clinical use for the treatment of type-2 diabetes, obesity, and clinical evaluation for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Diz-Chaves
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Salvador Herrera-Pérez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lucas C González-Matías
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Federico Mallo
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Marzoog BA, Vlasova TI. Beta-cell autophagy under the scope of hypoglycemic drugs; possible mechanism as a novel therapeutic target. OBESITY AND METABOLISM 2022. [DOI: 10.14341/omet12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically, autophagy is a major protective mechanism of β-cells from apoptosis, through can reserve normal β- cell mass and inhibit the progression of β-cells destruction. Beta-cell mass can be affected by differentiation from progenitors and de-differentiation as well as self-renewal and apoptosis. Shred evidence indicated that hypoglycemic drugs can induce β-cell proliferation capacity and neogenesis via autophagy stimulation. However, prolonged use of selective hypoglycemic drugs has induced pancreatitis besides several other factors that contribute to β-cell destruction and apoptosis initiation. Interestingly, some nonhypoglycemic medications possess the same effects on β-cells but depending on the combination of these drugs and the duration of exposure to β-cells. The paper comprehensively illustrates the role of the hypoglycemic drugs on the insulin-producing cells and the pathogeneses of β-cell destruction in type 2 diabetes mellitus, in addition to the regulation mechanisms of β-cells division in norm and pathology. The grasping of the hypoglycemic drug’s role in beta-cell is clinically crucial to evaluate novel therapeutic targets such as new signaling pathways. The present paper addresses a new strategy for diabetes mellitus management via targeting specific autophagy inducer factors (transcription factors, genes, lipid molecules, etc.).
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Guan Z, Du Y, Li R, Zhang S, Xu Y, Zhang X, Zhang F, Yin Y, Wu K, Li X, Li Y. Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor gene polymorphism and treatment response to GLP1R agonists in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:793-799. [PMID: 35079845 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03249-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical response to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP1RAs) varies considerably among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The aim of the current study was to examine the potential association between the genetic variants in GLP1R gene polymorphism with the therapeutic efficacy as well as gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of GLP1RAs in Chinese T2DM patients. METHODS Adult T2DM patients were eligible to participate in this prospective cohort study. Subjects received 12-week treatment with either exenatide (20 μg/day) or liraglutide (1.2 mg/day). GLP1R rs10305420 and rs3765467 genotyping was performed using the Sanger sequencing method. Clinical response to GLP1RAs was assessed in the patients who completed the 12-week treatment and defined by the change of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and body mass index (BMI) from the baseline. RESULTS A total of 176 subjects (mean age 50.9 ± 12.7 years, 111 men) were enrolled. The planned 12-week treatment was completed by 156 patients. HbA1c reduction was significantly larger in subjects carrying the rs3765467 GG genotype vs. GA + AA genotypes (1.7% ± 2.4% vs. 0.8% ± 1.8%; P = 0.002). Similarly, the 7.0% target HbA1c attainment rate was significantly higher in subjects carrying the rs3765467 GG genotype vs. GA + AA genotypes (50.9% vs. 23.8%; P = 0.002). Gastrointestinal ADRs did not differ significantly among different genotypes. CONCLUSION GLP1R rs3765467 polymorphism is associated with therapeutic response to GLP1RAs in Chinese T2DM patients. HbA1c reduction is more pronounced in subjects with the GG genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwan Guan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yuedong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated With Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated With Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ying Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Kunrong Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated With Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, China.
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Dynamics of GLP-1R peptide agonist engagement are correlated with kinetics of G protein activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:92. [PMID: 35013280 PMCID: PMC8748714 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) has broad physiological roles and is a validated target for treatment of metabolic disorders. Despite recent advances in GLP-1R structure elucidation, detailed mechanistic understanding of how different peptides generate profound differences in G protein-mediated signalling is still lacking. Here we combine cryo-electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, receptor mutagenesis and pharmacological assays, to interrogate the mechanism and consequences of GLP-1R binding to four peptide agonists; glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, exendin-4 and exendin-P5. These data reveal that distinctions in peptide N-terminal interactions and dynamics with the GLP-1R transmembrane domain are reciprocally associated with differences in the allosteric coupling to G proteins. In particular, transient interactions with residues at the base of the binding cavity correlate with enhanced kinetics for G protein activation, providing a rationale for differences in G protein-mediated signalling efficacy from distinct agonists. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) can be targeted in the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other metabolic disorders. Here, the authors assess the molecular mechanisms of peptide agonists binding to GLP-1R and the responses elucidated by these ligands, including distinct kinetics of G protein activation.
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Jensen KB, Mikkelsen JH, Jensen SP, Kidal S, Friberg G, Skrydstrup T, Gustafsson MBF. New Phenol Esters for Efficient pH-Controlled Amine Acylation of Peptides, Proteins, and Sepharose Beads in Aqueous Media. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 33:172-179. [PMID: 34962390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the discovery, synthesis, and use of novel water-soluble acylation reagents for efficient and selective modification, cross-linking, and labeling of proteins and peptides, as well as for their use in the effective modification of sepharose beads under pH control in aqueous media. The reagents are based on a 2,4-dichloro-6-sulfonic acid phenol ester core combined with a variety of linker structures. The combination of these motifs leads to an ideal balance between hydrolytic stability and reactivity. At high pH, good to excellent conversions (up to 95%) and regioselectivity (up to 99:1 Nε/Nα amine ratio) in the acylation were realized, exemplified by the chemical modification of incretin peptides and insulin. At neutral pH, an unusually high preference toward the N-terminal phenylalanine in an insulin derivative was observed (>99:1 Nα/Nε), which is up until now unprecedented in the literature for more elaborate reagents. In addition, the unusually high hydrolytic stability of these reagents and their ability to efficiently react at low concentrations (28 μM or 0.1 mg/mL) are exemplified with a hydroxy linker-based reagent and are a unique feature of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim B Jensen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Jesper H Mikkelsen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark.,Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Simon P Jensen
- CMC API Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Smørmosevej 17-19, Bagsværd 2880, Denmark
| | - Steffen Kidal
- CMC API Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Smørmosevej 17-19, Bagsværd 2880, Denmark
| | - Gitte Friberg
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Research Park, Måløv 2760, Denmark
| | - Troels Skrydstrup
- Carbon Dioxide Activation Center (CADIAC), Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
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Abstract
Bitter taste-sensing type 2 receptors (TAS2Rs or T2Rs), belonging to the subgroup of family A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), are of crucial importance in the perception of bitterness. Although in the first instance, TAS2Rs were considered to be exclusively distributed in the apical microvilli of taste bud cells, numerous studies have detected these sensory receptor proteins in several extra-oral tissues, such as in pancreatic or ovarian tissues, as well as in their corresponding malignancies. Critical points of extra-oral TAS2Rs biology, such as their structure, roles, signaling transduction pathways, extensive mutational polymorphism, and molecular evolution, have been currently broadly studied. The TAS2R cascade, for instance, has been recently considered to be a pivotal modulator of a number of (patho)physiological processes, including adipogenesis or carcinogenesis. The latest advances in taste receptor biology further raise the possibility of utilizing TAS2Rs as a therapeutic target or as an informative index to predict treatment responses in various disorders. Thus, the focus of this review is to provide an update on the expression and molecular basis of TAS2Rs functions in distinct extra-oral tissues in health and disease. We shall also discuss the therapeutic potential of novel TAS2Rs targets, which are appealing due to their ligand selectivity, expression pattern, or pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Tuzim
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Korolczuk
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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