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Sayaf K, Battistella S, Russo FP. NLRP3 Inflammasome in Acute and Chronic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4537. [PMID: 38674122 PMCID: PMC11049922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 (NOD-, LRR-, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3) is an intracellular complex that upon external stimuli or contact with specific ligands, recruits other components, forming the NLRP3 inflammasome. The NLRP3 inflammasome mainly mediates pyroptosis, a highly inflammatory mode of regulated cell death, as well as IL-18 and IL-1β production. Acute and chronic liver diseases are characterized by a massive influx of pro-inflammatory stimuli enriched in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that promote the assemblage and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. As the major cause of inflammatory cytokine storm, the NLRP3 inflammasome exacerbates liver diseases, even though it might exert protective effects in regards to hepatitis C and B virus infection (HCV and HBV). Here, we summarize the current knowledge concerning NLRP3 inflammasome function in both acute and chronic liver disease and in the post liver transplant setting, focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved in NLRP3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Sayaf
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (K.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Battistella
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy; (K.S.); (S.B.)
- Gastroenterology and Multivisceral Transplant Unit, Padua University Hospital, 35128 Padua, Italy
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Ligeron C, Saenz J, Evrard B, Drouin M, Merieau E, Mary C, Biteau K, Wilhelm E, Batty C, Gauttier V, Baccelli I, Poirier N, Chiffoleau E. CLEC-1 Restrains Acute Inflammatory Response and Recruitment of Neutrophils following Tissue Injury. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1178-1187. [PMID: 38353642 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is a key mechanism for the elimination of injurious agents but must be tightly controlled to prevent additional tissue damage and progression to persistent inflammation. C-type lectin receptors expressed mostly by myeloid cells play a crucial role in the regulation of inflammation by recognizing molecular patterns released by injured tissues. We recently showed that the C-type lectin receptor CLEC-1 is able to recognize necrotic cells. However, its role in the acute inflammatory response following tissue damage had not yet been investigated. We show in this study, in a mouse model of liver injury induced by acetaminophen intoxication, that Clec1a deficiency enhances the acute immune response with increased expression of Il1b, Tnfa, and Cxcl2 and higher infiltration of activated neutrophils into the injured organ. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Clec1a deficiency exacerbates tissue damage via CXCL2-dependent neutrophil infiltration. In contrast, we observed that the lack of CLEC-1 limits CCL2 expression and the accumulation, beyond the peak of injury, of monocyte-derived macrophages. Mechanistically, we found that Clec1a-deficient dendritic cells increase the expression of Il1b, Tnfa, and Cxcl2 in response to necrotic cells, but decrease the expression of Ccl2. Interestingly, treatment with an anti-human CLEC-1 antagonist mAb recapitulates the exacerbation of acute immunopathology observed by genetic loss of Clec1a in a preclinical humanized mouse model. To conclude, our results demonstrate that CLEC-1 is a death receptor limiting the acute inflammatory response following injury and represents a therapeutic target to modulate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Ligeron
- OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Javier Saenz
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Berangere Evrard
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Marion Drouin
- OSE Immunotherapeutics, Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Emmanuel Merieau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Elise Chiffoleau
- Nantes Université, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064, Nantes, France
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Zhao J, Ghallab A, Hassan R, Dooley S, Hengstler JG, Drasdo D. A liver digital twin for in silico testing of cellular and inter-cellular mechanisms in regeneration after drug-induced damage. iScience 2024; 27:108077. [PMID: 38371522 PMCID: PMC10869925 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This communication presents a mathematical mechanism-based model of the regenerating liver after drug-induced pericentral lobule damage resolving tissue microarchitecture. The consequence of alternative hypotheses about the interplay of different cell types on regeneration was simulated. Regeneration dynamics has been quantified by the size of the damage-induced dead cell area, the hepatocyte density and the spatial-temporal profile of the different cell types. We use deviations of observed trajectories from the simulated system to identify branching points, at which the systems behavior cannot be explained by the underlying set of hypotheses anymore. Our procedure reflects a successful strategy for generating a fully digital liver twin that, among others, permits to test perturbations from the molecular up to the tissue scale. The model simulations are complementing current knowledge on liver regeneration by identifying gaps in mechanistic relationships and guiding the system toward the most informative (lacking) parameters that can be experimentally addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieling Zhao
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Group SIMBIOTX, INRIA Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ahmed Ghallab
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Reham Hassan
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Steven Dooley
- Molecular Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine II, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jan Georg Hengstler
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk Drasdo
- Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Technical University of Dortmund (IfADo), 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Group SIMBIOTX, INRIA Saclay, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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Tian WS, Zhao J, Kim MK, Tae HJ, Kim IS, Ahn D, Hwang HP, Mao MX, Park BY. Veronica persica ameliorates acetaminophen-induced murine hepatotoxicity via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115898. [PMID: 37989029 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess acetaminophen (APAP) commonly causes severe acute liver injury (ALI), characterized by oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory responses, and hepatocyte damage. Veronica persica (VP) is a traditional medicine with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. There is a paucity of information on its medicinal value, especially its potential mechanisms for alleviating ALI. This study aimed to clarify the ameliorative effects and intracellular mechanisms of VP on APAP-induced ALI via attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. Mice were given VP for 7 days before exposure to APAP (300 mg/kg). The HPLC and radical scavenging assay found that VP contains 12 phenolic acids and 6 flavonoids, as well as show robust antioxidant capacity. In the APAP-induced ALI model, pre-treatment with VP significantly reduces APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by observing improved hepatocyte pathological injury and further confirmed by serum biochemical indicator. Also, the reduction of TUNEL-positive regions and the regulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein indicated that VP attenuates hepatocytotoxicity. Moreover, VP pre-intervention inhibits the formation of liver pro-inflammatory cytokines, the expression of inflammatory response genes, and increases in myeloperoxidase (MPO) in APAP-exposed mice. The elevated reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and decreased oxidative stress markers indicate that VP reduces APAP-promoted oxidative stress. Further study revealed that VP inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB/STAT3 cascade, blocked ERK and JNK phosphorylation, and activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). To sum up, this study demonstrated that VP exists hepatoprotective abilities on APAP-induced ALI, primarily by suppressing the phosphorylation of NF-κB/STAT3 cascade and ERK-JNK and inducing AMPK activation to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shun Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China; College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Myung-Kon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Tae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Shik Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchoon Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Pil Hwang
- Department of Surgery of Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Xian Mao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Byung-Yong Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Animal Transplantation, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54596, Republic of Korea.
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Chou AH, Lee HC, Liao CC, Yu HP, Liu FC. ERK/NF-kB/COX-2 Signaling Pathway Plays a Key Role in Curcumin Protection against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2150. [PMID: 38004290 PMCID: PMC10672507 DOI: 10.3390/life13112150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent experimental studies have highlighted the beneficial effects of curcumin on liver injury induced by acetaminophen (APAP). However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin's hepatoprotective effects against APAP-induced liver injury remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of curcumin on APAP-induced liver injury using a mouse model. In the experiment, mice were subjected to an intraperitoneal hepatotoxic dose of APAP (300 mg/kg) to induce hepatotoxicity. After 30 min of APAP administration, the mice were treated with different concentrations of curcumin (0, 10, 25, or 50 mg/kg). After 16 h, mice with hepatotoxicity showed elevated levels of serum alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO), TNF-α, and IL-6, and decreased levels of glutathione (GSH). Moreover, there was an increased infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages following intraperitoneal injection of APAP. However, curcumin-treated mice displayed a pronounced reduction in serum ALT, AST, hepatic MPO, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels, coupled with a notable elevation in GSH levels compared to the APAP-treated hepatotoxic mice. Moreover, curcumin treatment led to reduced infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages. Additionally, curcumin inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and NF-kB proteins while reducing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). These findings highlight the hepatoprotective potential of curcumin against APAP-induced liver injury through the suppression of the ERK, NF-kB, and COX-2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hsun Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (A.-H.C.); (H.-C.L.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-P.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (A.-H.C.); (H.-C.L.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-P.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (A.-H.C.); (H.-C.L.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-P.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (A.-H.C.); (H.-C.L.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-P.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Branch, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (A.-H.C.); (H.-C.L.); (C.-C.L.); (H.-P.Y.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Cartwright JA, Simpson JP, Homer NZM, Rossi AG. Analysis of AT7519 as a pro-resolution compound in an acetaminophen-induced mouse model of acute inflammation by UPLC-MS/MS. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:20. [PMID: 37291548 PMCID: PMC10251596 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00345-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncontrolled inflammation contributes to the progression of organ damage in acute conditions, such as acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury (APAP-ALI) and there are limited treatments for this condition. AT7519, a cyclic-dependent kinase inhibitor (CDKI), has been used successfully in several conditions, to resolve inflammation and return tissue homeostatic functions. AT7519 has not been assessed in APAP-ALI and its effect on APAP metabolism is unknown. Targeted chromatography and mass spectrometry can be used to assess multiple compounds simultaneously and this approach has not been applied yet to measure APAP and AT7519 in a mouse model. RESULTS We show an optimised simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determining concentrations of AT7519 and APAP in low volumes of mouse serum. Using positive ion mode electrospray ionisation, separation of AT7519 and APAP and their corresponding isotopically labelled internal standards [2H]8-AT16043M (d8-AT7519) and [2H]8-APAP (d4-APAP), was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm; 1.7μm). A gradient mobile phase system of water and methanol was delivered at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min with a run time of 9 min. Calibration curves were linear, intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable and the covariates of all standards and quality control replicates were less than 15%. The method was successfully applied to evaluate AT7519 and APAP levels 20 h post AT7519 (10 mg/mg) in C57Bl6J wild type mouse serum treated with either vehicle or APAP. Serum AT7519 was significantly higher in mice that had received APAP compared to control, but there was no correlation between APAP and AT7519 quantification. There was also no correlation of AT7519 and hepatic damage or proliferation markers. CONCLUSION We optimised an LC-MS/MS method to quantify both AT7519 and APAP in mouse serum (50 µL), using labelled internal standards. Application of this method to a mouse model of APAP toxicity proved effective in accurately measuring APAP and AT7519 concentrations after i.p. dosing. AT7519 was significantly higher in mice with APAP toxicity, indicating hepatic metabolism of this CDKI, but there was no correlation with markers of hepatic damage or proliferation, demonstrating that this dose of AT7519 (10 mg/kg) does not contribute to hepatic damage or repair. This optimised method can be used for future investigations of AT7519 in APAP in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Cartwright
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom.
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH16 4UU, UK.
| | - Joanna P Simpson
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Natalie Z M Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adriano G Rossi
- University of Edinburgh Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, 4-5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh BioQuarter, Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH16 4UU, United Kingdom
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Nguyen NT, Umbaugh DS, Smith S, Adelusi OB, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. Dose-dependent pleiotropic role of neutrophils during acetaminophen-induced liver injury in male and female mice. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1397-1412. [PMID: 36928416 PMCID: PMC10680445 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03478-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the leading cause of acute liver failure in western countries. APAP can cause extensive hepatocellular necrosis, which triggers an inflammatory response involving neutrophil and monocyte recruitment. Particularly the role of neutrophils in the injury mechanism of APAP hepatotoxicity has been highly controversial. Thus, the objective of the current study was to assess whether a potential contribution of neutrophils was dependent on the APAP dose and the sex of the animals. Male and female C57BL/6 J mice were treated with 300 or 600 mg/kg APAP and the injury and inflammatory cell recruitment was evaluated between 6 and 48 h. In both male and female mice, ALT plasma levels and the areas of necrosis peaked at 12-24 h after both doses with more severe injury at the higher dose. In addition, Ly6g-positive neutrophils started to accumulate in the liver at 6 h and peaked at 6-12 h after 300 mg/kg and 12-24 h after 600 mg/kg for both sexes; however, the absolute numbers of hepatic neutrophils in the liver were significantly higher after the 600 mg/kg dose. Neutrophil infiltration correlated with mRNA levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant Cxcl2 in the liver. Treating mice with an anti-Cxcl2 antibody at 2 h after APAP significantly reduced neutrophil accumulation at 24 h after both doses and in both sexes. However, the injury was significantly reduced only after the high overdose. Thus, neutrophils, recruited through Cxcl2, have no effect on APAP-induced liver injury after 300 mg/kg but aggravate the injury only after severe overdoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - David S Umbaugh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Sawyer Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Olamide B Adelusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Giselle Sanchez-Guerrero
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, MS 1018, Kansas City, Kansas, 66160, USA.
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Cathelicidin promotes liver repair after acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100687. [PMID: 36923240 PMCID: PMC10009536 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver injury (AILI) is a leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is only effective within 24 h after APAP intoxication, raising an urgent need for alternative approaches to treat this disease. This study aimed to test whether cathelicidin (Camp), which is a protective factor in chronic liver diseases, protects mice against APAP-induced liver injury and ALF. Methods A clinically relevant AILI model and an APAP-induced ALF model were generated in mice. Genetic and pharmacological approaches were used to interfere with the levels of cathelicidin in vivo. Results An increase in hepatic pro-CRAMP/CRAMP (the precursor and mature forms of mouse cathelicidin) was observed in APAP-intoxicated mice. Upregulated cathelicidin was derived from liver-infiltrating neutrophils. Compared with wild-type littermates, Camp knockout had no effect on hepatic injury but dampened hepatic repair in AILI and reduced survival in APAP-induced ALF. CRAMP administration reversed impaired liver recovery observed in APAP-challenged Camp knockout mice. Delayed CRAMP, CRAMP(1-39) (the extended form of CRAMP), or LL-37 (the mature form of human cathelicidin) treatment exhibited a therapeutic benefit for AILI. Co-treatment of cathelicidin and NAC in AILI displayed a stronger hepatoprotective effect than NAC alone. A similar additive effect of CRAMP(1-39)/LL-37 and NAC was observed in APAP-induced ALF. The pro-reparative role of cathelicidin in the APAP-damaged liver was attributed to an accelerated resolution of inflammation at the onset of liver repair, possibly through enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis of necrotic cell debris in an autocrine manner. Conclusions Cathelicidin reduces APAP-induced liver injury and ALF in mice by promoting liver recovery via facilitating inflammation resolution, suggesting a therapeutic potential for late-presenting patients with AILI with or without ALF. Impact and implications Acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury is a leading cause of acute liver failure. The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine, the only clinically approved drug against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury, is significantly reduced for late-presenting patients. We found that cathelicidin exhibits a great therapeutic potential in mice with acetaminophen-induced liver injury or acute liver failure, which makes up for the limitation of N-acetylcysteine therapy by specifically promoting liver repair after acetaminophen intoxication. The pro-reparative role of cathelicidin, as a key effector molecule of neutrophils, in the APAP-injured liver is attributed to an accelerated resolution of inflammation at the onset of liver repair, possibly through enhanced phagocytic function of neutrophils in an autocrine manner.
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Key Words
- AILI, acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury
- ALF, acute liver failure
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- Acetaminophen
- CRAMP, cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide
- CYP2E1, cytochrome P450 2E1
- Cathelicidin
- EGF, endothelial growth factor
- FPR2/ALX, formyl peptide receptor type 2/lipoxin A4 receptor
- GSH, glutathione
- Inflammation resolution
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- KO, knockout
- Liver repair
- Mac-1, macrophage-1 antigen
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NAPQI, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
- NPC, non-parenchymal cell
- Neutrophils
- Phagocytosis
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TLR4, Toll-like receptor 4
- WT, wild-type
- hCAP18, human cationic antimicrobial protein
- α-SMA, alpha-smooth muscle actin
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Woolbright BL, Nguyen NT, McGill MR, Sharpe MR, Curry SC, Jaeschke H. Generation of pro-and anti-inflammatory mediators after acetaminophen overdose in surviving and non-surviving patients. Toxicol Lett 2022; 367:59-66. [PMID: 35905941 PMCID: PMC9849076 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose causes liver injury in animals and humans. Although well-studied in animals, limited longitudinal data exist on cytokine release after APAP overdose in patients. The purpose of this study was to quantify concentrations of cytokines in APAP overdose patients to determine if early cytokine or complement measurements can distinguish between surviving and non-surviving patients. Plasma was obtained from healthy controls, APAP overdose patients with no increase in liver transaminases, and surviving and non-surviving APAP overdose patients with severe liver injury. Interleukin-10 (IL-10), and CC chemokine ligand-2 (CCL2, MCP-1) were substantially elevated in surviving and non-surviving patients, whereas IL-6 and CXC chemokine ligand-8 (CXCL8, IL-8) had early elevations in a subset of patients only with liver injury. Day 1 IL-10 and IL-6 levels, and Day 2 CCL2, levels correlated positively with survival. There was no significant increase in IL-1α, IL-1β or TNF-α in any patient during the first week after APAP. Monitoring cytokines such as CCL2 may be a good indicator of patient prognosis; furthermore, these data indicate the inflammatory response after APAP overdose in patients is not mediated by a second phase of inflammation driven by the inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nga T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, USA
| | | | - Matthew R Sharpe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Steven C Curry
- Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA; Department of Medicine, and Center for Toxicology and Pharmacology Education and Research, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Yang T, Wang H, Wang X, Li J, Jiang L. The Dual Role of Innate Immune Response in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11071057. [PMID: 36101435 PMCID: PMC9312699 DOI: 10.3390/biology11071057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Acetyl-para-aminophenol (APAP), a commonly used antipyretic analgesic, is becoming increasingly toxic to the liver, resulting in a high rate of acute hepatic failure in Europe and the United States. Excessive APAP metabolism in the liver develops an APAP-protein adduct, which causes oxidative stress, MPTP opening, and hepatic necrosis. HMGB-1, HSP, nDNA, mtDNA, uric acid, and ATP are DMAPs released during hepatic necrosis. DMAPs attach to TLR4-expressing immune cells such KCs, macrophages, and NK cells, activating them and causing them to secrete cytokines. Immune cells and their secreted cytokines have been demonstrated to have a dual function in acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI), with a role in either proinflammation or pro-regeneration, resulting in contradicting findings and some research confusion. Neutrophils, KCs, MoMFs, NK/NKT cells, γδT cells, DCs, and inflammasomes have pivotal roles in AILI. In this review, we summarize the dual role of innate immune cells involved in AILI and illustrate how these cells initiate innate immune responses that lead to persistent inflammation and liver damage. We also discuss the contradictory findings in the literature and possible protocols for better understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of AILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Jiangsu University, The Zhenjiang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Longfeng Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; (T.Y.); (H.W.); (X.W.)
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11
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Cai X, Cai H, Wang J, Yang Q, Guan J, Deng J, Chen Z. Molecular pathogenesis of acetaminophen-induced liver injury and its treatment options. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:265-285. [PMID: 35403383 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen, also known as N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP), is commonly used as an antipyretic and analgesic agent. APAP overdose can induce hepatic toxicity, known as acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). However, therapeutic doses of APAP can also induce AILI in patients with excessive alcohol intake or who are fasting. Hence, there is a need to understand the potential pathological mechanisms underlying AILI. In this review, we summarize three main mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of AILI: hepatocyte necrosis, sterile inflammation, and hepatocyte regeneration. The relevant factors are elucidated and discussed. For instance, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) protein adducts trigger mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress during hepatocyte necrosis, danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are released to elicit sterile inflammation, and certain growth factors contribute to liver regeneration. Finally, we describe the current potential treatment options for AILI patients and promising novel strategies available to researchers and pharmacists. This review provides a clearer understanding of AILI-related mechanisms to guide drug screening and selection for the clinical treatment of AILI patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Huiqiang Cai
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Guan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. , .,Department of Pathology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China. ,
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.
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12
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Gong L, Li Y. The dual role of immune response in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: Natural products as immune interventions. Toxicol Lett 2022; 355:172-173. [PMID: 34808266 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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13
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Nguyen NT, Umbaugh DS, Sanchez-Guerrero G, Ramachandran A, Jaeschke H. Kupffer cells regulate liver recovery through induction of chemokine receptor CXCR2 on hepatocytes after acetaminophen overdose in mice. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:305-320. [PMID: 34724096 PMCID: PMC8762790 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic, but also a main cause of acute liver injury in the United States and many western countries. APAP hepatotoxicity is associated with a sterile inflammatory response as shown by the infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes. While the contribution of the immune cells to promote liver repair have been demonstrated, the direct interactions between macrophages or neutrophils with hepatocytes to help facilitate hepatocyte proliferation and tissue repair remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between resident macrophages (Kupffer cells) and hepatocytes with a focus on the chemokine receptor CXCR2. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to an APAP overdose (300 mg/kg) and the role of CXCR2 on hepatocytes was investigated using a selective antagonist, SB225002. In addition, clodronate liposomes were used to deplete Kupffer cells to assess changes in CXCR2 expression. Our data showed that CXCR2 was mainly expressed on hepatocytes and it was induced specifically in hepatocytes around the necrotic area 24 h after APAP treatment. Targeting this receptor using an inhibitor caused a delayed liver recovery. Depletion of Kupffer cells significantly prevented CXCR2 induction on hepatocytes. In vitro and in vivo experiments also demonstrated that Kupffer cells regulate CXCR2 expression and pro-regenerative gene expression in surviving hepatocytes through production of IL-10. Thus, Kupffer cells support the transition of hepatocytes around the area of necrosis to a proliferative state through CXCR2 expression.
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14
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Gong L, Liao L, Dai X, Xue X, Peng C, Li Y. The dual role of immune response in acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: Implication for immune pharmacological targets. Toxicol Lett 2021; 351:37-52. [PMID: 34454010 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP), one of the most widely used antipyretic and analgesic drugs, principally contributes to drug-induced liver injury when taken at a high dose. APAP-induced liver injury (AILI) results in extensive necrosis of hepatocytes along with the occurrence of multiple intracellular events such as metabolic activation, cell injury, and signaling pathway activation. However, the specific role of the immune response in AILI remains controversial for its complicated regulatory mechanisms. A variety of inflammasomes, immune cells, inflammatory mediators, and signaling transduction pathways are activated in AILI. These immune components play antagonistic roles in aggravating the liver injury or promoting regeneration. Recent experimental studies indicated that natural products showed remarkable therapeutic effects against APAP hepatotoxicity due to their favorable efficacy. Therefore, this study aimed to review the present understanding of the immune response in AILI and attempted to establish ties among a series of inflammatory cascade reactions. Also, the immune molecular mechanisms of natural products in the treatment of AILI were extensively reviewed, thus providing a fundamental basis for exploring the potential pharmacological targets associated with immune interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xuyang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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15
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Wang Y, Liu Y. Neutrophil-Induced Liver Injury and Interactions Between Neutrophils and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells. Inflammation 2021; 44:1246-1262. [PMID: 33649876 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant type of leukocytes with diverse functions in immune defense including production of reactive oxygen species, bacteriocidal proteins, neutrophil extracellular traps, and pro-inflammatory mediators. However, aberrant accumulation of neutrophils in host tissues and excessive release of bacteriocidal compounds can lead to unexpected injury to host organs. Neutrophil-mediated liver injury has been reported in various types of liver diseases including liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, endotoxin-induced liver injury, alcoholic liver disease, and drug-induced liver injury. Yet the mechanisms of neutrophil-induced hepatotoxicity in different liver diseases are complicated. Current knowledge of these mechanisms are summarized in this review. In addition, a substantial body of evidence has emerged showing that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) participate in several key steps of neutrophil-mediated liver injury including neutrophil recruitment, adhesion, transmigration, and activation. This review also highlights the current understanding of the interactions between LSECs and neutrophils in liver injury. The future challenge is to explore new targets for selectively interfering neutrophil-induced liver injury without impairing host defense function against microbial infection. Further understanding the role of LSECs in neutrophil-induced hepatotoxicity would aid in developing more selective therapeutic approaches for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University People's Hospital, No.11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
- Clinical Center of Immune-Mediated Digestive Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, No. 11, Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100044, China.
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Protective Role of microRNA-31 in Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury: A Negative Regulator of c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1789-1807. [PMID: 34311140 PMCID: PMC8550922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sustained c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activation plays a major role in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Stress-responsive microRNA-31 (miR-31) has been implicated in regulating different cellular damage, and JNK activation could induce miR-31 expression. However, the regulatory role of miR-31 in DILI has not been studied previously. We aimed to investigate whether miR-31 could ameliorate DILI and ascertain potential molecular mechanism. METHODS miR-31 gene knockout (31-KO) and wild-type C57BL/6J mice were used to construct an acetaminophen (APAP)-induced DILI model. Primary mouse hepatocytes, as well as alpha mouse liver 12 (AML-12) cell lines, were used for in vitro experiments. Argonaute 2-associated RNA immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing were performed to identify specific targets of miR-31. RESULTS 31-KO mice showed a higher mortality rate, liver transaminase levels, and hepatic necrosis compared with those in wild-type mice after APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. The protective role of miR-31 on hepatocytes has been analyzed via constructing bone marrow chimeric mice. Mechanistically, we found that hepatic JNK phosphorylation increased significantly in 31-KO mice. This caused mitochondrial phosphorylated Src (p-Src) inactivation and more reactive oxygen species production, which directly amplifies hepatocyte necrotic cell death, while administration of JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 could abrogate the differences. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis of RNA immunoprecipitation combined with high-throughput sequencing identified that guanosine triphosphatase, cell division cycle protein 42 (Cdc42), the upstream molecule of JNK signaling, was the specific target of miR-31 and could form a miR-31/Cdc42/phosphorylated mixed-lineage kinase 3 (p-MLK3) negative feedback loop to restrict JNK overactivation. Clinically, both miR-31 and phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK) were highly increased in liver tissues of DILI patients with different etiologies. CONCLUSIONS miR-31 can down-regulate Cdc42 to restrict overactivation of reactive oxygen species/JNK/mitochondria necrotic death loop in hepatocytes of APAP-induced DILI, which might provide a new therapeutic target for alleviating JNK overactivation-based liver injury.
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17
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Cho Y, Szabo G. Two Faces of Neutrophils in Liver Disease Development and Progression. Hepatology 2021; 74:503-512. [PMID: 33314193 PMCID: PMC9235297 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant type of leukocyte in human blood, play a major role in host defense against invading pathogens and in sterile injury. Neutrophil infiltration is characteristic of inflammation because of its antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Neutrophils also actively participate in the resolution of inflammation and subsequent tissue repair by acting as a critical mediator between the inflammation and resolution phases of tissue damage. However, neutrophils that are consistently exposed to inflammatory conditions lose their self-resolving capabilities and maintain an inflammatory phenotype, further exacerbating tissue damage. The current review describes how neutrophils interact with tissue microenvironments and acquire disease-specific phenotypes under chronic inflammatory conditions. Here, we aim to provide a better understanding of neutrophil-mediated pathogenesis of various liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonhee Cho
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;,Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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18
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Duan L, Woolbright BL, Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Late Protective Effect of Netrin-1 in the Murine Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity Model. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:168-181. [PMID: 32207522 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose-induced acute liver failure is an important clinical problem in the United States and the current antidote N-acetylcysteine, has a short early therapeutic window. Since most patients present late to the clinic, there is need for novel late-acting therapeutic options. Though the neuronal guidance cue netrin-1, has been shown to promote hepatic repair and regeneration during liver ischemia/reperfusion injury, its effect in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity is unknown. In the quest for a late-acting therapeutic intervention in APAP-induced liver injury, we examined the role of netrin-1 in a mouse model of APAP overdose. Male C57BL/6J mice were cotreated with exogenous netrin-1 or vehicle control, along with 300 mg/kg APAP and euthanized at 6, 12, and 24 h. Significant elevations in alanine aminotransferase indicative of liver injury were seen in control mice at 6 h and this was not affected by netrin-1 administration. Also, netrin-1 treatment did not influence mitochondrial translocation of phospho-JNK, or peroxynitrite formation indicating that there was no interference with APAP-induced injury processes. Interestingly however, netrin-1 administration attenuated liver injury at 24 h, as seen by alanine aminotransferase levels and histology, at which time significant elevations in the netrin-1 receptor, adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR) as well as macrophage infiltration was evident. Removal of resident macrophages with clodronate liposomes or treatment with the A2BAR antagonist PSB1115 blocked the protective effects of netrin-1. Thus, our data indicate a previously unrecognized role for netrin-1 in attenuation of APAP hepatotoxicity by enhancing recovery and regeneration, which is mediated through the A2BAR and involves resident liver macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Benjamin L Woolbright
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160
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19
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Guo H, Chen S, Xie M, Zhou C, Zheng M. The complex roles of neutrophils in APAP-induced liver injury. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13040. [PMID: 33942422 PMCID: PMC8168408 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely applied drug for the alleviation of pain and fever, which is also a dose‐depedent toxin. APAP‐induced acute liver injury has become one of the primary causes of liver failure which is an increasingly serious threat to human health. Neutrophils are the major immune cells in human serving as the first barrier against the invasion of pathogen. It has been reported that neutrophils patriciate in the occurrence and development of APAP‐induced liver injury. However, evolving evidences suggest that neutrophils also contribute to tissue repair and actively orchestrate resolution of inflammation. Here, we addressed the complex roles in APAP‐induced liver injury on the basis of brief introduction of neutrophil's activation, recruitment and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Guo
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Xie
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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20
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Anacardium occidentale L. and Anacardium microcarpum D. Extracts on the Liver of IL-10 Knockout Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3054521. [PMID: 33376496 PMCID: PMC7744185 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3054521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew) and Anacardium microcarpum D. (cajuí) are plants commonly found in Brazil. They present phytochemical compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extracts from leaves of A. occidentale and A. microcarpum and its effect on the hepatic tissue in experimental knockout models after they received Paracetamol®. Methods Ethanol extracts from A. occidentale and A. microcarpum leaves were prepared. Total phenolics were determined by Folin–Ciocalteau reagent, and flavonoids are based on the complexation reaction with the aluminum metal, forming a colored complex. Fingerprint HPLC was performed to detect phenolic compounds. Knockout IL-10 mice randomly divided into six groups were used and received the following treatments: G1, only water; G2, A. occidentale extract; G3, A. microcarpum extract; G4, Paracetamol®; G5, Paracetamol® + A. occidentale extract (400 mg/kg); G6, Paracetamol® + A. microcarpum extract (400 mg/kg). Biochemical parameters of the blood and differential count of leukocytes were done. Oxidative markers and histopathological analyses were performed on their liver tissue. Results Phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were detected in both two extracts analyzed. The HPLC fingerprint detected phenolic acid, gallic acid, and catechin flavonoid in the two extracts. Histopathological analyses of the hepatic tissue permitted evaluation of nuclear increase, sinusoid congestion, and inflammatory infiltrate. A. microcarpum presented more antioxidant activity increasing antioxidant enzyme levels and reducing TBARS and carbonyl protein when compared to the other treatments after exposure to Paracetamol®. Histopathological analyses showed a decrease in the inflammatory infiltrate after treatment with extracts. Conclusion Our findings indicate that both extracts, especially A. microcarpum, can reduce hepatic damage in knockout mice exposed to paracetamol, indicating the curative power of these extracts reducing lipid peroxidation and in the morphofunctional damage to the liver parenchyma.
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21
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Xu Q, Fan Y, Loor JJ, Liang Y, Sun X, Jia H, Zhao C, Xu C. Cardamonin Reduces Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice via Activating Autophagy and NFE2L2 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:601716. [PMID: 33364966 PMCID: PMC7751642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.601716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardamonin (CD), a naturally occurring chalcone derived from the Alpinia species, has been shown to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, but its role in the prevention of acetaminophen- (APAP-) induced hepatotoxicity remains elusive. The objective of this study was to determine the protective effects of CD against APAP-induced acute liver injury (ALI) and the underlying mechanisms. Wild-type or transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (NFE2L2-) deficient mice were treated with CD (50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle for 24 h. Subsequently, these mice were challenged with APAP (400 mg/kg, i.p.) for 6 h. Liver and blood samples were collected to evaluate liver injury and protein abundance. Treatment with CD significantly reduced APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, CD effectively reduced APAP-induced inflammation by inhibiting high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling. In addition, CD induced activation of sequestosome 1 (p62) and NFE2L2 signaling and facilitated autophagy. By applying autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA; 20 mg/kg, i.p.), further mechanistic exploration revealed that NFE2L2 deficiency promoted autophagic activity induced by CD treatment, which was conducive to the hepatoprotective effect of CD against APAP-induced hepatoxicity in NFE2L2−/− mice. Overall, data suggest that CD has hepatoprotective effect against APAP-induced ALI, which might contribute to the activation of NFE2L2 and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yunhui Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Xudong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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22
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Khanam A, Kottilil S. Abnormal Innate Immunity in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Immunotargets for Therapeutics. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2013. [PMID: 33117329 PMCID: PMC7578249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a severe life-threatening condition with high risk of multiorgan failure, sepsis, and mortality. ACLF activates a multifaceted interplay of both innate and adaptive immune response in the host which governs the overall outcome. Innate immune cells recognize the conserved elements of microbial and viral origin, both to extort instant defense by transforming into diverse modules of effector responses and to generate long-lasting immunity but can also trigger a massive intrahepatic immune inflammatory response. Acute insult results in the activation of innate immune cells which provokes cytokine and chemokine cascade and subsequently initiates aggressive systemic inflammatory response syndrome, hepatic damage, and high mortality in ACLF. Dysregulated innate immune response not only plays a critical role in disease progression but also potentially correlates with clinical disease severity indices including Child-Turcotte-Pugh, a model for end-stage liver disease, and sequential organ failure assessment score. A better understanding of the pathophysiological basis of the disease and precise immune mechanisms associated with liver injury offers a novel approach for the development of new and efficient therapies to treat this severely ill entity. Immunotherapies could be helpful in targeting immune-mediated organ damage which may constrain progression toward liver failure and eventually reduce the requirement for liver transplantation. Here, in this review we discuss the defects of different innate immune cells in ACLF which updates the current knowledge of innate immune response and provide potential targets for new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshi Khanam
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shyam Kottilil
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Liu FC, Yu HP, Chou AH, Lee HC, Liao CC. Corilagin reduces acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity through MAPK and NF- κB signaling pathway in a mouse model. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5597-5607. [PMID: 33042441 PMCID: PMC7540130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Corilagin is a major active polyphenolic tannins extracted from Phyllanthus urinaria, an important herb used in traditional medicine. Previous reports demonstrated that corilagin possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate its hepatoprotective effects and mechanisms on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury in mice. Mice included in this study were intraperitoneally injected with a hepatotoxic APAP dose (300 mg/kg). After a 30 min of APAP administration, corilagin was injected intraperitoneally at concentrations of 0, 1, 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg. Then, after 16 h of corilagin treatment, mice were sacrificed for further analysis. APAP overdose significantly elevated the serum ALT level, hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) activity, and ERK/JNK MAPK and NF-κB protein expressions. Corilagin treatment significantly decreased these parameters in a dose-dependent manner (1-20 mg/kg). This study demonstrated that corilagin may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by down-regulating the inflammatory response and by inhibiting ERK/JNK MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ping Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - An-Hsun Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung UniversityTaoyuan, Taiwan
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Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease with only a few treatment options available. Though extensive research has been conducted for more than 40 years, the underlying pathomechanisms are not completely understood. Here, we studied as to whether APAP-induced ALF can be prevented in mice by silencing the BH3-interacting domain death agonist (Bid) as a potential key player in APAP pathology. For silencing Bid expression in mice, siRNABid was formulated with the liver-specific siRNA delivery system DBTC and administered 48 h prior to APAP exposure. Mice which were pre-treated with HEPES (vehicleHEPES) and siRNALuci served as siRNA controls. Hepatic pathology was assessed by in vivo fluorescence microscopy, molecular biology, histology and laboratory analysis 6 h after APAP or PBS exposure. Application of siRNABid caused a significant decrease of mRNA and protein expression of Bid in APAP-exposed mice. Off-targets, such as cytochrome P450 2E1 and glutathione, which are known to be consumed under APAP intoxication, were comparably reduced in all APAP-exposed mice, underlining the specificity of Bid silencing. In APAP-exposed mice non-sterile inflammation with leukocyte infiltration and perfusion failure remained almost unaffected by Bid silencing. However, the Bid silencing reduced hepatocellular damage, evident by a remarkable decrease of DNA fragmented cells in APAP-exposed mice. In these mice, the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, which recently gained importance in the cell death pathway of regulated necrosis, was also significantly reduced, in line with a decrease in both, necrotic liver tissue and plasma transaminase activities. In addition, plasma levels of HMGB1, a marker of sterile inflammation, were significantly diminished. In conclusion, the liver-specific silencing of Bid expression did not protect APAP-exposed mice from microcirculatory dysfunction, but markedly protected the liver from necrotic cell death and in consequence from sterile inflammation. The study contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the APAP-induced pathogenic pathway by strengthening the importance of Bid and Bid silencing associated effects.
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Chauhan A, Sheriff L, Hussain MT, Webb GJ, Patten DA, Shepherd EL, Shaw R, Weston CJ, Haldar D, Bourke S, Bhandari R, Watson S, Adams DH, Watson SP, Lalor PF. The platelet receptor CLEC-2 blocks neutrophil mediated hepatic recovery in acetaminophen induced acute liver failure. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1939. [PMID: 32321925 PMCID: PMC7176690 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the main cause of acute liver failure in the West. Specific efficacious therapies for acute liver failure (ALF) are limited and time-dependent. The mechanisms that drive irreversible acute liver failure remain poorly characterized. Here we report that the recently discovered platelet receptor CLEC-2 (C-type lectin-like receptor) perpetuates and worsens liver damage after toxic liver injury. Our data demonstrate that blocking platelet CLEC-2 signalling enhances liver recovery from acute toxic liver injuries (APAP and carbon tetrachloride) by increasing tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production which then enhances reparative hepatic neutrophil recruitment. We provide data from humans and mice demonstrating that platelet CLEC-2 influences the hepatic sterile inflammatory response and that this can be manipulated for therapeutic benefit in acute liver injury. Since CLEC-2 mediated platelet activation is independent of major haemostatic pathways, blocking this pathway represents a coagulopathy-sparing, specific and novel therapy in acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Chauhan
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Lozan Sheriff
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mohammed T Hussain
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gwilym J Webb
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniel A Patten
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Emma L Shepherd
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Robert Shaw
- Technology Hub, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christopher J Weston
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Debashis Haldar
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Samuel Bourke
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rajan Bhandari
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Stephanie Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David H Adams
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Steve P Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, The Midlands, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patricia F Lalor
- Centre for Liver and Gastrointestinal Research, Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, The Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Biagioli M, Carino A, Fiorucci C, Marchianò S, Di Giorgio C, Bordoni M, Roselli R, Baldoni M, Distrutti E, Zampella A, Fiorucci S. The Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1 Modulates CCL2/CCR2 Signaling at the Liver Sinusoidal/Macrophage Interface and Reverses Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 204:2535-2551. [PMID: 32213564 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury caused by acetaminophen (acetyl-para-aminophenol [APAP]) is the main cause of acute liver failure and liver transplantation in several Western countries. Whereas direct toxicity exerted by APAP metabolites is a key determinant for early hepatocytes injury, the recruitment of cells of innate immunity exerts a mechanistic role in disease progression, determining the clinical outcomes. GPBAR1 is a G protein-coupled receptor for secondary bile acids placed at the interface between liver sinusoidal cells and innate immunity. In this report, using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrate that whereas Gpbar1 gene deletion worsens the severity of liver injury, its pharmacological activation by 6β-ethyl-3a,7b-dihydroxy-5b-cholan-24-ol rescues mice from liver injury caused by APAP. This protective effect was supported by a robust attenuation of liver recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages and their repolarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Macrophage depletion by gadolinium chloride pretreatment abrogated disease development, whereas their reconstitution by spleen-derived macrophage transplantation restored the sensitivity to APAP in a GPBAR1-dependent manner. RNA sequencing analyses demonstrated that GPBAR1 agonism modulated the expression of multiple pathways, including the chemokine CCL2 and its receptor, CCR2. Treating wild-type mice with an anti-CCL2 mAb attenuated the severity of liver injury. We demonstrated that negative regulation of CCL2 production by GPBAR1 agonism was promoter dependent and involved FOXO1. In conclusion, we have shown that GPBAR1 is an upstream modulator of CCL2/CCR2 axis at the sinusoidal cell/macrophage interface, providing a novel target in the treatment of liver damage caused by APAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Biagioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Adriana Carino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Martina Bordoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Roselli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Monia Baldoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Università di Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy; and
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- Sezione di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Chirurgiche, Università di Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy;
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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Mechanisms and pathophysiological significance of sterile inflammation during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 138:111240. [PMID: 32145352 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug, which can cause severe liver injury after an overdose. The intracellular signaling mechanisms of APAP-induced cell death such as reactive metabolite formation, mitochondrial dysfunction and nuclear DNA fragmentation have been extensively studied. Hepatocyte necrosis releases damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) which activate cytokine and chemokine formation in macrophages. These signals activate and recruit neutrophils, monocytes and other leukocytes into the liver. While this sterile inflammatory response removes necrotic cell debris and promotes tissue repair, the capability of leukocytes to also cause tissue injury makes this a controversial topic. This review summarizes the literature on the role of various DAMPs, cytokines and chemokines, and the pathophysiological function of Kupffer cells, neutrophils, monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages, and NK and NKT cells during APAP hepatotoxicity. Careful evaluation of results and experimental designs of studies dealing with the inflammatory response after APAP toxicity provide very limited evidence for aggravation of liver injury but support of the hypothesis that these leukocytes promote tissue repair. In addition, many cytokines and chemokines modulate tissue injury by affecting the intracellular signaling events of cell death rather than toxicity of leukocytes. Reasons for the controversial results in this area are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Chen Q, Yan D, Zhang Q, Zhang G, Xia M, Li J, Zhan W, Shen E, Li Z, Lin L, Chen YH, Wan X. Treatment of acetaminophen-induced liver failure by blocking the death checkpoint protein TRAIL. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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SPHK1 deficiency protects mice from acetaminophen-induced ER stress and mitochondrial permeability transition. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:1924-1937. [PMID: 31827236 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0471-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is the leading cause of drug-induced acute liver failure. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), whose formation is catalyzed by sphingosine kinase (SPHK)-1 or -2, is a bioactive lipid implicated in human health and disease. Here, we show that APAP-treated sphK1-deficient (sphK1-/-) mice exhibited markedly less liver damage and reduced inflammation compared with the wild-type mice. SPHK1 deficiency alleviated APAP-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by affecting the phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), levels of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and activation of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6). SPHK1 deficiency also inhibited mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), as evidenced by the impaired phosphorylation of JNK, apoptosis signal-regulated kinase 1 (ASK1), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). In addition, SPHK1 deficiency reduced the levels of histone deacetylase and promoted the acetylation of p65 and STAT1, thereby impairing the transcription of inflammatory genes. Supplementation with exogenous S1P significantly reversed the activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway and ATF6 during ER stress as well as the activation of GSK3β, ASK1, and JNK during MPT. Both FTY720, a functional S1P receptor antagonist, and PF543, an SPHK1 inhibitor, significantly ameliorated APAP-induced liver injury and improved animal survival. Our study reveals a critical role for SPHK1 in mediating APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by promoting ER stress and MPT.
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Chou AH, Liao CC, Lee HC, Liou JT, Liu FC. The MAP2K4/JNK/c-Jun Signaling Pathway Plays A Key Role In Dexmedetomidine Protection Against Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Toxicity. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3887-3898. [PMID: 31814709 PMCID: PMC6861533 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s215473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Dexmedetomidine [DEX; (S)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-3H-imidazole] is a selective α2-adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) agonist that attenuates the liver damage associated with local or systemic inflammation. However, it remains unclear whether DEX has protective effects against acetaminophen (Paracetamol, PARA)-induced liver toxicity (PILT). Methods PILT mice were established by intraperitoneal administration of a hepatotoxic dose of acetaminophen (300 mg/kg). Thirty minutes later, the mice were treated with DEX at a concentration of 0, 5, 25, or 50 μg/kg. Blood and liver samples were obtained for further analysis. Results DEX treatment significantly attenuated PILT in mice, with the strongest beneficial effects at a dose of 25 μg/kg. The levels of hepatic cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), in addition to myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, were significantly decreased following DEX treatment. Moreover, DEX treatment reduced macrophage recruitment around the area of hepatotoxicity and the expression levels of hepatic phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 (MAP2K4), c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and c-Jun expression induced by acetaminophen overdose. Conclusion The data suggest that DEX likely downregulates the JNK signaling pathway and its downstream effectors to promote its hepatoprotective effect, providing a clinical application of DEX for the attenuation of PILT.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Hsun Chou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chen Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jiin-Tarng Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Zheng JX, Tang YJ, Yang TH, Qin T, Liu JC, Gu XQ, Xue F, Xia Q. Long non-coding RNAs play regulatory roles in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. J Dig Dis 2019; 20:308-317. [PMID: 30953418 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression profile and role of hepatic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in acetaminophen-induced liver injury mouse model by analyzing lncRNA-mRNA co-expression. METHODS Serum aminotransferase, liver pathology and inflammatory cells were analyzed in mice model at different time points after treated with acetaminophen 300 mg/kg. High-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to investigate hepatic expression profiles of messenger RNA (mRNA) and lncRNA. The relationship between the lncRNA and mRNA was delineated by the co-expression network using Cytoscape software. Differential mRNAs co-expressed with lncRNAs were analyzed using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment. Differential mRNAs and lncRNAs were selected for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction validation, and the conservation of lncRNA between human and mouse was analyzed. RESULTS Liver injury was more severe at 24 hours than at 6 hours. There was a substantial infiltration of monocytes instead of neutrophil and Kupffer cells at 24 hours compared with 6 hours. The mRNAs co-expressed with the differential lncRNAs at 24 vs 6 hours were mainly enriched in protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, MAPK and PPAR signaling pathways. The co-expression network delineated with four lncRNAs and 94 mRNAs presented the core position of lncRNA in the network. A conservation analysis indicated that four differential mouse lncRNAs (NONMMUT023651.2, NONMMUT029382.2, NONMMUT029383.2 and NONMMUT102053.1) could all be mapped to the relevant human lncRNAs. CONCLUSION Four lncRNAs may play regulatory roles through metabolic and apoptosis-related pathways during hepatic homeostasis maintenance and repair progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xin Zheng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Jia Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tai Hua Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Qin
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Chuan Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Qian Gu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Lee KY, Lee W, Jung SH, Park J, Sim H, Choi YJ, Park YJ, Chung Y, Lee BH. Hepatic upregulation of fetuin-A mediates acetaminophen-induced liver injury through activation of TLR4 in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:46-55. [PMID: 31077645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury (AILI) is initiated by the generation of a reactive metabolite and ultimately leads to hepatocyte necrosis. Necrotic cells secrete damage-associated molecular patterns that activate hepatic nonparenchymal cells and induce an inflammatory response. Fetuin-A is a hepatokine with reported involvement in low-grade inflammation in many diseases, due to acting as an endogenous ligand for TLR4. However, little is known about the role of fetuin-A in AILI. In this study, we showed that fetuin-A is involved in the aggravation of hepatotoxicity during the initial phase of AILI progression. Treatment with APAP increased the expression and serum levels of fetuin-A in mice. Fetuin-A upregulated transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines through activation of TLR4 and also increased monocyte infiltration into the liver, leading to necroinflammatory reactions in AILI. However, these reactions were attenuated with the silencing of fetuin-A using adenoviral shRNA. As a result, mice with silenced fetuin-A exhibited less centrilobular necrosis and liver injury compared to controls in response to APAP. In conclusion, our results suggest that fetuin-A is an important hepatokine that mediates the hepatotoxicity of APAP through production of chemokines and thus regulates the infiltration of monocytes into the liver, a critical event in the inflammatory response during the initial phase of AILI. Our results indicate that a strategy based on the antagonism of fetuin-A may be a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Yo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungtai Sim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonseok Chung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Gwanakro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is one of the most popular and safe pain medications worldwide. However, due to its wide availability, it is frequently implicated in intentional or unintentional overdoses where it can cause severe liver injury and even acute liver failure (ALF). In fact, APAP toxicity is responsible for 46% of all ALF cases in the United States. Early mechanistic studies in mice demonstrated the formation of a reactive metabolite, which is responsible for hepatic glutathione depletion and initiation of the toxicity. This insight led to the rapid introduction of N-acetylcysteine as a clinical antidote. However, more recently, substantial progress was made in further elucidating the detailed mechanisms of APAP-induced cell death. Mitochondrial protein adducts trigger a mitochondrial oxidant stress, which requires amplification through a MAPK cascade that ultimately results in activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in the cytosol and translocation of phospho-JNK to the mitochondria. The enhanced oxidant stress is responsible for the membrane permeability transition pore opening and the membrane potential breakdown. The ensuing matrix swelling causes the release of intermembrane proteins such as endonuclease G, which translocate to the nucleus and induce DNA fragmentation. These pathophysiological signaling mechanisms can be additionally modulated by removing damaged mitochondria by autophagy and replacing them by mitochondrial biogenesis. Importantly, most of the mechanisms have been confirmed in human hepatocytes and indirectly through biomarkers in plasma of APAP overdose patients. The extensive necrosis caused by APAP overdose leads to a sterile inflammatory response. Although recruitment of inflammatory cells is necessary for removal of cell debris in preparation for regeneration, these cells have the potential to aggravate the injury. This review touches on the newest insight into the intracellular mechanisms of APAP-induced cells death and the resulting inflammatory response. Furthermore, it discusses the translation of these findings to humans and the emergence of new therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Burgos-Aceves MA, Cohen A, Paolella G, Lepretti M, Smith Y, Faggio C, Lionetti L. Modulation of mitochondrial functions by xenobiotic-induced microRNA: From environmental sentinel organisms to mammals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 645:79-88. [PMID: 30015121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in energetic metabolism, signaling pathways, and overall cell viability. They are in the first line in facing cellular energy requirements in stress conditions, such as in response to xenobiotic exposure. Recently, a novel regulatory key role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in important signaling pathways in mitochondria has been proposed. Consequently, alteration in miRNAs expression by xenobiotics could outcome into mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species overexpression, and liberation of apoptosis or necrosis activating proteins. The aim of this review is to show the highlights about mitochondria-associated miRNAs in cellular processes exposed to xenobiotic stress in different cell types involved in detoxification processes or sensitive to environmental hazards in marine sentinel organisms and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Burgos-Aceves
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Amit Cohen
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Marilena Lepretti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Yoav Smith
- Genomic Data Analysis Unit, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem-Hadassah Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Lillà Lionetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Cha H, Lee S, Lee JH, Park JW. Protective effects of p-coumaric acid against acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:131-139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Woolbright BL, Jaeschke H. Mechanisms of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Drug-Induced Hepatotoxicity. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2018; 4:346-357. [PMID: 30560047 PMCID: PMC6294466 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-018-0147-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article provides a brief overview of mechanisms of inflammatory liver injury and how this applies to drug hepatotoxicity with a particular emphasis on the role of inflammation in acetaminophen-induced liver injury. RECENT FINDINGS Significant progress has been made in the last decade in our understanding of the initiation of sterile inflammation after necrotic cell death by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns and their recognition by toll-like receptors and others on macrophages. These events trigger the formation of cytokines and chemokines directly or with assistance of inflammasome activation thereby activating and recruiting leukocytes including neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages into the necrotic areas. Although this sterile inflammatory response is mainly geared towards the removal of necrotic cell debris and preparation of regeneration, there are conditions where these innate immune cells can aggravate the initial injury. The mechanisms and controversial findings of the innate immunity are being discussed in detail. In contrast, drug metabolism and formation of a reactive metabolite that binds to proteins in the absence of extensive cell death, can induce an adaptive immune response, which eventually also results in severe liver injury. However, the initiating event appears to be the formation of protein adducts, which act as haptens to activate an adaptive immune response. Overall, these mechanisms are less well understood. SUMMARY The past decade has revolutionized our understanding of the mechanisms that control the interplay between cell death and innate or adaptive immune responses. This report provides an update on these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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NLRP3 Inflammasome and IL-33: Novel Players in Sterile Liver Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092732. [PMID: 30213101 PMCID: PMC6163521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In sterile liver inflammation, danger signals are released in response to tissue injury to alert the immune system; e.g., by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Recently, IL-33 has been identified as a novel type of danger signal or “alarmin”, which is released from damaged and necrotic cells. IL-33 is a pleiotropic cytokine that targets a broad range of immune cells and exhibits pro- and anti-inflammatory properties dependent on the disease. This review summarizes the immunomodulatory roles of the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-33 in sterile liver inflammation and highlights potential therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways in liver disease.
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McGill MR, Jaeschke H. Animal models of drug-induced liver injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:1031-1039. [PMID: 31007174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) presents unique challenges for consumers, clinicians, and regulators. It is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the US. It is also one of the most common reasons for termination of new drugs during pre-clinical testing and withdrawal of new drugs post-marketing. DILI is generally divided into two forms: intrinsic and idiosyncratic. Many of the challenges with DILI are due in large part to poor understanding of the mechanisms of toxicity. Although useful models of intrinsic DILI are available, they are frequently misused. Modeling idiosyncratic DILI presents greater challenges, but promising new models have recently been developed. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a critical review of the most popular animal models of DILI, and to discuss the future of DILI research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R McGill
- Dept. of Environmental and Occupational Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Dept. of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Markose D, Kirkland P, Ramachandran P, Henderson N. Immune cell regulation of liver regeneration and repair. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regen.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Khodayar MJ, Kalantari H, Khorsandi L, Rashno M, Zeidooni L. Betaine protects mice against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity possibly via mitochondrial complex II and glutathione availability. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:1436-1445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Arzuk E, Turna B, Sözbilen M, Orhan H. Inter-individual and inter-organ variability in the bioactivation of paracetamol by human liver and kidney tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 61:8-17. [PMID: 29803978 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Paracetamol (PAR) overdose is associated with massive hepatic injury; it may induce kidney toxicity as well. It is essential to measure organ-specific activities of related CYPs for evaluating the overdose cases. Available HPLC-based methods require high amounts of tissue samples. In order to develop liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based methods to process small amounts of human tissues, liver and kidney samples were obtained. Individual microsomes were prepared and incubated with PAR (for quantifying bioactivation), with nifedipine (for measuring CYP3A4 activity) and with p-nitrophenol (for measuring CYP2E1 activity). The small amount of tissue microsomes was sufficient to measure both the formation of NAPQI and the activities of CYP enzymes. Although the sample size in group was relatively low, both NAPQI formation and activity of CYP2E1 were significantly higher in males compared to females in kidney. Considerable variations in the metabolic capacity of individuals were observed for both organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ege Arzuk
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Burak Turna
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Murat Sözbilen
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hilmi Orhan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, İzmir, Turkey.
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Jaeschke H, Ramachandran A. Oxidant Stress and Lipid Peroxidation in Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity. REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES (APEX, N.C.) 2018; 5:145-158. [PMID: 29682614 PMCID: PMC5903282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most frequent cause of liver injury and acute liver failure in many western countries. The mechanism of APAP-induced hepatocyte necrosis has been investigated extensively. The formation of a reactive metabolite and its binding to cellular proteins was initially thought to be responsible for cell death. A competing hypothesis was introduced that questioned the relevance of protein binding and instead suggested that P450-derived oxidant stress and lipid peroxidation causes APAP-induced liver injury. However, work over the last 15 years has reconciled some of these apparent contradictory hypotheses. This review summarizes the present state of knowledge on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in APAP hepatotoxicity. Detailed investigations into the sources and relevance of the oxidant stress have clearly shown the critical role of the electron transport chain of mitochondria as main source of the oxidant stress. Other potential sources of ROS such as cytochrome P450 enzymes or NADPH oxidase on phagocytes are of limited relevance. The mitochondria-derived superoxide and peroxynitrite formation is initiated by the binding of the reactive metabolite to mitochondrial proteins and the amplification by mitogen activated protein kinases. The consequences of this oxidant stress are the opening of the mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore with cessation of ATP synthesis, nuclear DNA fragmentation and ultimately cell necrosis. Lipid peroxidation is not a relevant mechanism of cell death but can be a marker of ROS formation. These mechanistic insights suggest that targeting mitochondrial oxidant stress is a promising therapeutic option for APAP hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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Lee HC, Liao CC, Day YJ, Liou JT, Li AH, Liu FC. IL-17 deficiency attenuates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Toxicol Lett 2018; 292:20-30. [PMID: 29689376 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose results in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hepatocyte necrosis, and cell death, and leads to acute liver failure. Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a key role in the recruitment of neutrophils into sites of inflammation and subsequent damage after liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, we employed IL-17 knockout (KO) mice to investigate the role of IL-17 in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. IL-17 wide type (WT) and IL-17 KO mice received an intraperitoneal injection of APAP (300 mg/kg). After 16 h of treatment, the hepatic injury, inflammatory mediators, immune cell infiltration, and western blotting were examined and analyzed. The serum alanine transferase (ALT) enzyme levels and hepatic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were significantly elevated 16 h after APAP treatment in the WT mice. IL-17 deficiency significantly attenuates APAP-induced liver injury, MPO activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and interferon-γ) levels and inflammatory cell (neutrophils, macrophage) infiltration in the liver. Moreover, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was significantly decreased at 16 h after APAP treatment in the IL-17 KO mice compared with the IL-17 WT mice. Our data suggests that IL-17 plays a pivotal role in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity through modulation of inflammatory response, and perhaps in part through the ERK signaling pathway. Blockade of IL-17 could be a potential therapeutic target for APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chen Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Chih Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Ji Day
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital & Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiin-Tarng Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Allen H Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Fu-Chao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose is the most common cause of acute liver failure in the US, and decades of intense study of its pathogenesis resulted in the development of the antidote N-acetylcysteine, which facilitates scavenging of the reactive metabolite and is the only treatment in clinical use. However, the narrow therapeutic window of this intervention necessitates a better understanding of the intricacies of APAP-induced liver injury for the development of additional therapeutic approaches that can benefit late-presenting patients. More recent investigations into APAP hepatotoxicity have established the critical role of mitochondrial dysfunction in mediating liver injury as well as clarified mechanisms of APAP-induced hepatocyte cell death. Thus, it is now established that mitochondrial oxidative and nitrosative stress is a key mechanistic feature involved in downstream signaling after APAP overdose. The identification of specific mediators of necrotic cell death further establishes the regulated nature of APAP-induced hepatocyte cell death. In addition, the discovery of the role of mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in APAP-induced liver injury provides additional insight into the elaborate cell signaling mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this important clinical problem. In spite of these new insights into the mechanisms of liver injury, significant controversy still exists on the role of innate immunity in APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Ramachandran
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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45
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Osthole prevents acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:74-84. [PMID: 29022574 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose leads to severe hepatotoxicity. Osthole, a natural coumarin found in traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, has therapeutic potential in the treatment of various diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of osthole against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Mice were administered osthole (100 mg·kg-1·d-1, ip) for 3 d, then on the fourth day APAP (300 mg/kg, ip) was co-administered with osthole. The mice were euthanized post-APAP, their serum and livers were collected for analysis. Pretreatment with osthole significantly attenuated APAP-induced hepatocyte necrosis and the increases in ALT and AST activities. Compared with the mice treated with APAP alone, osthole pretreatment significantly reduced serum MDA levels and hepatic H2O2 levels, and improved liver GSH levels and the GSSG-to-GSH ratio. Meanwhile, osthole pretreatment markedly alleviated the APAP-induced up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines in the livers, and inhibited the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, but it increased the expression of hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) and sulfotransferases (SULTs). Furthermore, osthole pretreatment reversed APAP-induced reduction of hepatic cAMP levels, but pretreatment with H89, a potent selective PKA inhibitor, failed to abolish the beneficial effect of osthole, whereas pretreatment with L-buthionine sulfoximine, a GSH synthesis inhibitor, abrogated the protective effects of osthole on APAP-induced liver injury, and abolished osthole-caused alterations in APAP-metabolizing enzymes. In cultured murine primary hepatocytes and Raw264.7 cells, however, osthole (40 μmol/L) did not alleviate APAP-induced cell death, but it significantly suppressed APAP-caused elevation of inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, we have demonstrated that osthole exerts a preventive effect against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting the metabolic activation of APAP and enhancing its clearance through an antioxidation mechanism.
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Iracheta-Vellve A, Szabo G. IL-1α in acetaminophen toxicity: a sterile danger signal. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:284-285. [PMID: 29151582 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arvin Iracheta-Vellve
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Alvarenga DM, Mattos MS, Araújo AM, Antunes MM, Menezes GB. Neutrophil biology within hepatic environment. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:589-598. [PMID: 29127519 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2722-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocyte in the human circulation. These short-lived cells are constantly produced from hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) within the bone marrow from which they daily reach the blood and perform major roles in innate immunity. Neutrophils are the first cells to reach inflamed tissues and are armed with a plethora of enzymes that help both with their trafficking within tissues and the killing of pathogens. Damaged or infected organs are rapidly invaded by neutrophils. Their erroneous activation within parenchyma or the vasculature is involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases including arthritis, colitis, sepsis, acute lung injury and liver failure. Despite the proposal of a canonical pathway that governs neutrophil migration into tissues, the liver has been extensively described as a unique environment for leukocyte recruitment. Since the control of inflammatory responses is considered one of the most promising avenues for novel therapeutics, the expansion of our understanding of the mechanisms behind neutrophil accumulation within injured liver might add to the development of specific and more efficacious treatments. In this review, we discuss the basic concepts of neutrophil ontogeny and biology, with a focus on the particularities and the molecular steps involved in neutrophil recruitment to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Moreira Alvarenga
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. PresidenteAntônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Matheus Silvério Mattos
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. PresidenteAntônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Alan Moreira Araújo
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. PresidenteAntônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Maísa Mota Antunes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. PresidenteAntônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology, Departamento de Morfologia, Sala N3-140, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. PresidenteAntônio Carlos, 6627 - Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil.
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Zhang C, Feng J, Du J, Zhuo Z, Yang S, Zhang W, Wang W, Zhang S, Iwakura Y, Meng G, Fu YX, Hou B, Tang H. Macrophage-derived IL-1α promotes sterile inflammation in a mouse model of acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:973-982. [PMID: 28504245 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic intermediate of acetaminophen (APAP) can cause severe hepatocyte necrosis, which triggers aberrant immune activation of liver non-parenchymal cells (NPC). Overzealous hepatic inflammation determines the morbidity and mortality of APAP-induced liver injury (AILI). Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling has been shown to play a critical role in various inflammatory conditions, but its precise role and underlying mechanism in AILI remain debatable. Herein, we show that NLRP3 inflammasome activation of IL-1β is dispensable to AILI, whereas IL-1α, the other ligand of IL-1R1, accounts for hepatic injury by a lethal dose of APAP. Furthermore, Kupffer cells function as a major source of activated IL-1α in the liver, which is activated by damaged hepatocytes through TLR4/MyD88 signaling. Finally, IL-1α is able to chemoattract and activate CD11b+Gr-1+ myeloid cells, mostly neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes, to amplify deteriorated inflammation in the lesion. Therefore, this work identifies that MyD88-dependent activation of IL-1α in Kupffer cells plays a central role in the immunopathogenesis of AILI and implicates that IL-1α is a promising therapeutic target for AILI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Du
- The Institute of Biotechnology, Shanxi University, 030006, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhuo
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Weihong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyuan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Division of Experimental Animal Immunology, Center for Animal Disease Models, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 278-0022, Chiba, Japan
| | - Guangxun Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 60637, Chicago, USA, IL
| | - Baidong Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, The Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.
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Maes M, McGill MR, da Silva TC, Abels C, Lebofsky M, Weemhoff JL, Tiburcio T, Veloso Alves Pereira I, Willebrords J, Crespo Yanguas S, Farhood A, Beschin A, Van Ginderachter JA, Penuela S, Jaeschke H, Cogliati B, Vinken M. Inhibition of pannexin1 channels alleviates acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:2245-2261. [PMID: 27826632 PMCID: PMC5654513 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pannexins constitute a relatively new family of transmembrane proteins that form channels linking the cytoplasmic compartment with the extracellular environment. The presence of pannexin1 in the liver has been documented previously, where it underlies inflammatory responses, such as those occurring upon ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the present study, we investigated whether pannexin1 plays a role in acute drug-induced liver toxicity. Hepatic expression of pannexin1 was characterized in a mouse model of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Subsequently, mice were overdosed with acetaminophen followed by treatment with the pannexin1 channel inhibitor 10Panx1. Sampling was performed 1, 3, 6, 24 and 48 h after acetaminophen administration. Evaluation of the effects of pannexin1 channel inhibition was based on a number of clinically relevant readouts, including protein adduct formation, measurement of aminotransferase activity and histopathological examination of liver tissue as well as on a series of markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and regeneration. Although no significant differences were found in histopathological analysis, pannexin1 channel inhibition reduced serum levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase. This was paralleled by a reduced amount of neutrophils recruited to the liver. Furthermore, alterations in the oxidized status were noticed with upregulation of glutathione levels upon suppression of pannexin1 channel opening. Concomitant promotion of regenerative activity was detected as judged on increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein quantities in 10Panx1-treated mice. Pannexin1 channels are important actors in liver injury triggered by acetaminophen. Inhibition of pannexin1 channel opening could represent a novel approach for the treatment of drug-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël Maes
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mitchell R McGill
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tereza Cristina da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chloé Abels
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Margitta Lebofsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - James L Weemhoff
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Taynã Tiburcio
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabel Veloso Alves Pereira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joost Willebrords
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Crespo Yanguas
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anwar Farhood
- Department of Pathology, St. David's North Austin Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Alain Beschin
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent, Belgium
- Lab of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Silvia Penuela
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Hartmut Jaeschke
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Bruno Cogliati
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Department of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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Paridaens A, Raevens S, Colle I, Bogaerts E, Vandewynckel YP, Verhelst X, Hoorens A, van Grunsven LA, Van Vlierberghe H, Geerts A, Devisscher L. Combination of tauroursodeoxycholic acid and N-acetylcysteine exceeds standard treatment for acetaminophen intoxication. Liver Int 2017; 37:748-756. [PMID: 27706903 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acetaminophen overdose in mice is characterized by hepatocyte endoplasmic reticulum stress, which activates the unfolded protein response, and centrilobular hepatocyte death. We aimed at investigating the therapeutic potential of tauroursodeoxycholic acid, a hydrophilic bile acid known to have anti-apoptotic and endoplasmic reticulum stress-reducing capacities, in experimental acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen overdose. METHODS Mice were injected with 300 mg/kg acetaminophen, 2 hours prior to receiving tauroursodeoxycholic acid, N-acetylcysteine or a combination therapy, and were euthanized 24 hours later. Liver damage was assessed by serum transaminases, liver histology, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling staining, expression profiling of inflammatory, oxidative stress, unfolded protein response, apoptotic and pyroptotic markers. RESULTS Acetaminophen overdose resulted in a significant increase in serum transaminases, hepatocyte cell death, unfolded protein response activation, oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase 1 and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions. Standard of care, N-acetylcysteine and, to a lesser extent, tauroursodeoxycholic treatment were associated with significantly lower transaminase levels, hepatocyte death, unfolded protein response activation, oxidative stress markers, caspase 1 expression and NLRP3 levels. Importantly, the combination of N-acetylcysteine and tauroursodeoxycholic acid improved serum transaminase levels, reduced histopathological liver damage, UPR-activated CHOP, oxidative stress, caspase 1 expression, NLRP3 levels, IL-1β levels and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and this to a greater extend than N-acetylcysteine alone. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a combination strategy of N-acetylcysteine and tauroursodeoxycholic acid surpasses the standard of care in acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice and might represent an attractive therapeutic opportunity for acetaminophen-intoxicated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Paridaens
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Raevens
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Colle
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eliene Bogaerts
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Xavier Verhelst
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Hoorens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leo A van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Anja Geerts
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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