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Nie H, Yang H, Cheng L, Yu J. Identification of Lipotoxicity-Related Biomarkers in Diabetic Nephropathy Based on Bioinformatic Analysis. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:5550812. [PMID: 38774257 PMCID: PMC11108700 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5550812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study is aimed at investigating diagnostic biomarkers associated with lipotoxicity and the molecular mechanisms underlying diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: The GSE96804 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DN patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted using the DEGs. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was established to identify key genes linked to lipotoxicity in DN. Immune infiltration analysis was employed to identify immune cells with differential expression in DN and to assess the correlation between these immune cells and lipotoxicity-related hub genes. The findings were validated using the external dataset GSE104954. ROC analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic performance of the hub genes. The Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) enrichment method was utilized to analyze the key genes associated with lipotoxicity as mentioned above. Result: In this study, a total of 544 DEGs were identified. Among them, extracellular matrix (ECM), fatty acid metabolism, AGE-RAGE, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were significantly enriched. Combining the PPI network and lipotoxicity-related genes (LRGS), LUM and ALB were identified as lipotoxicity-related diagnostic biomarkers for DN. ROC analysis showed that the AUC values for LUM and ALB were 0.882 and 0.885, respectively. The AUC values for LUM and ALB validated in external datasets were 0.98 and 0.82, respectively. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significant changes in various immune cells during disease progression. Macrophages M2, mast cells activated, and neutrophils were significantly associated with all lipotoxicity-related hub genes. These key genes were enriched in fatty acid metabolism and extracellular matrix-related pathways. Conclusion: The identified lipotoxicity-related hub genes provide a deeper understanding of the development mechanisms of DN, potentially offering new theoretical foundations for the development of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets related to lipotoxicity in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, East Road, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China 332000
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, East Road, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China 332000
| | - Lidan Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, East Road, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China 332000
| | - Jianxin Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, No. 57, East Road, Xunyang District, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, China 332000
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2
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Han YZ, Du BX, Zhu XY, Wang YZY, Zheng HJ, Liu WJ. Lipid metabolism disorder in diabetic kidney disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1336402. [PMID: 38742197 PMCID: PMC11089115 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1336402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a significant complication associated with diabetes mellitus, presents limited treatment options. The progression of DKD is marked by substantial lipid disturbances, including alterations in triglycerides, cholesterol, sphingolipids, phospholipids, lipid droplets, and bile acids (BAs). Altered lipid metabolism serves as a crucial pathogenic mechanism in DKD, potentially intertwined with cellular ferroptosis, lipophagy, lipid metabolism reprogramming, and immune modulation of gut microbiota (thus impacting the liver-kidney axis). The elucidation of these mechanisms opens new potential therapeutic pathways for DKD management. This research explores the link between lipid metabolism disruptions and DKD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Han
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Xuan Du
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Yu Zhu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Zhi-Yuan Wang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Juan Zheng
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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3
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Fernandes MF, Aristizabal-Henao JJ, Marvyn PM, M'Hiri I, Wiens MA, Hoang M, Sebastian M, Nachbar R, St-Pierre P, Diaguarachchige De Silva K, Wood GA, Joseph JW, Doucette CA, Marette A, Stark KD, Duncan RE. Renal tubule-specific Atgl deletion links kidney lipid metabolism to glucagon-like peptide 1 and insulin secretion independent of renal inflammation or lipotoxicity. Mol Metab 2024; 81:101887. [PMID: 38280449 PMCID: PMC10850971 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipotoxic injury from renal lipid accumulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is implicated in associated kidney damage. However, models examining effects of renal ectopic lipid accumulation independent of obesity or T2D are lacking. We generated renal tubule-specific adipose triglyceride lipase knockout (RT-SAKO) mice to determine if this targeted triacylglycerol (TAG) over-storage affects glycemic control and kidney health. METHODS Male and female RT-SAKO mice and their control littermates were tested for changes in glycemic control at 10-12 and 16-18 weeks of age. Markers of kidney health and blood lipid and hormone concentrations were analyzed. Kidney and blood lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels were measured, and a role for LPA in mediating impaired glycemic control was evaluated using the LPA receptor 1/3 inhibitor Ki-16425. RESULTS All groups remained insulin sensitive, but 16- to 18-week-old male RT-SAKO mice became glucose intolerant, without developing kidney inflammation or fibrosis. Rather, these mice displayed lower circulating insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) levels. Impaired first-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was detected and restored by Exendin-4. Kidney and blood LPA levels were elevated in older male but not female RT-SAKO mice, associated with increased kidney diacylglycerol kinase epsilon. Inhibition of LPA-mediated signaling restored serum GLP-1 levels, first-phase insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance. CONCLUSIONS TAG over-storage alone is insufficient to cause renal tubule lipotoxicity. This work is the first to show that endogenously derived LPA modulates GLP-1 levels in vivo, demonstrating a new mechanism of kidney-gut-pancreas crosstalk to regulate insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Fernandes
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Phillip M Marvyn
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Iman M'Hiri
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meghan A Wiens
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Hoang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manuel Sebastian
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Renato Nachbar
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe St-Pierre
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Geoffrey A Wood
- Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie W Joseph
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - André Marette
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Robin E Duncan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Wang XX, Myakala K, Libby AE, Krawczyk E, Panov J, Jones BA, Bhasin K, Shults N, Qi Y, Krausz KW, Zerfas PM, Takahashi S, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Titievsky A, Taranenko E, Billon C, Chatterjee A, Elgendy B, Walker JK, Albanese C, Kopp JB, Rosenberg AZ, Gonzalez FJ, Guha U, Brodsky L, Burris TP, Levi M. Estrogen-Related Receptor Agonism Reverses Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Inflammation in the Aging Kidney. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:1969-1987. [PMID: 37717940 PMCID: PMC10734281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
A gradual decline in renal function occurs even in healthy aging individuals. In addition to aging, per se, concurrent metabolic syndrome and hypertension, which are common in the aging population, can induce mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation, which collectively contribute to age-related kidney dysfunction and disease. This study examined the role of the nuclear hormone receptors, the estrogen-related receptors (ERRs), in regulation of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. The ERRs were decreased in both aging human and mouse kidneys and were preserved in aging mice with lifelong caloric restriction (CR). A pan-ERR agonist, SLU-PP-332, was used to treat 21-month-old mice for 8 weeks. In addition, 21-month-old mice were treated with a stimulator of interferon genes (STING) inhibitor, C-176, for 3 weeks. Remarkably, similar to CR, an 8-week treatment with a pan-ERR agonist reversed the age-related increases in albuminuria, podocyte loss, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammatory cytokines, via the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-STING and STAT3 signaling pathways. A 3-week treatment of 21-month-old mice with a STING inhibitor reversed the increases in inflammatory cytokines and the senescence marker, p21/cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (Cdkn1a), but also unexpectedly reversed the age-related decreases in PPARG coactivator (PGC)-1α, ERRα, mitochondrial complexes, and medium chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) expression. These studies identified ERRs as CR mimetics and as important modulators of age-related mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation. These findings highlight novel druggable pathways that can be further evaluated to prevent progression of age-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | - Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Andrew E Libby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ewa Krawczyk
- Department of Pathology, Center for Cell Reprogramming, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Julia Panov
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel; Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Bryce A Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kanchan Bhasin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nataliia Shults
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yue Qi
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Patricia M Zerfas
- Office of Research Services, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad
- Renal Pathology Service, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Avi Titievsky
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Cyrielle Billon
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bahaa Elgendy
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John K Walker
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology and Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Diseases Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Renal Pathology Service, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Udayan Guha
- Thoracic and GI Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Leonid Brodsky
- Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Thomas P Burris
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine and University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia.
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5
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Onodera T, Wang MY, Rutkowski JM, Deja S, Chen S, Balzer MS, Kim DS, Sun X, An YA, Field BC, Lee C, Matsuo EI, Mizerska M, Sanjana I, Fujiwara N, Kusminski CM, Gordillo R, Gautron L, Marciano DK, Hu MC, Burgess SC, Susztak K, Moe OW, Scherer PE. Endogenous renal adiponectin drives gluconeogenesis through enhancing pyruvate and fatty acid utilization. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6531. [PMID: 37848446 PMCID: PMC10582045 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42188-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is a secretory protein, primarily produced in adipocytes. However, low but detectable expression of adiponectin can be observed in cell types beyond adipocytes, particularly in kidney tubular cells, but its local renal role is unknown. We assessed the impact of renal adiponectin by utilizing male inducible kidney tubular cell-specific adiponectin overexpression or knockout mice. Kidney-specific adiponectin overexpression induces a doubling of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase expression and enhanced pyruvate-mediated glucose production, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates and an upregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Inhibition of FAO reduces the adiponectin-induced enhancement of glucose production, highlighting the role of FAO in the induction of renal gluconeogenesis. In contrast, mice lacking adiponectin in the kidney exhibit enhanced glucose tolerance, lower utilization and greater accumulation of lipid species. Hence, renal adiponectin is an inducer of gluconeogenesis by driving enhanced local FAO and further underlines the important systemic contribution of renal gluconeogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Onodera
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - May-Yun Wang
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Joseph M Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology, Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Stanislaw Deja
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Shiuhwei Chen
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Michael S Balzer
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dae-Seok Kim
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Xuenan Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Yu A An
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bianca C Field
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Charlotte Lee
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ei-Ichi Matsuo
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Monika Mizerska
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Ina Sanjana
- Solutions COE, Analytical & Measuring Instruments Division, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Christine M Kusminski
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Ruth Gordillo
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Denise K Marciano
- Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ming Chang Hu
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shawn C Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, US
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal, Electrolyte, and Hypertension Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, US.
- Departments of Cell Biology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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6
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Mitrofanova A, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Kidney lipid dysmetabolism and lipid droplet accumulation in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:629-645. [PMID: 37500941 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00741-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health problem with rising incidence and prevalence. Among several pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for disease progression, lipid accumulation in the kidney parenchyma might drive inflammation and fibrosis, as has been described in fatty liver diseases. Lipids and their metabolites have several important structural and functional roles, as they are constituents of cell and organelle membranes, serve as signalling molecules and are used for energy production. However, although lipids can be stored in lipid droplets to maintain lipid homeostasis, lipid accumulation can become pathogenic. Understanding the mechanisms linking kidney parenchymal lipid accumulation to CKD of metabolic or non-metabolic origin is challenging, owing to the tremendous variety of lipid species and their functional diversity across different parenchymal cells. Nonetheless, multiple research reports have begun to emphasize the effect of dysregulated kidney lipid metabolism in CKD progression. For example, altered cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism contribute to glomerular and tubular cell injury. Newly developed lipid-targeting agents are being tested in clinical trials in CKD, raising expectations for further therapeutic development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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7
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Daehn IS, Ekperikpe US, Stadler K. Redox regulation in diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F135-F149. [PMID: 37262088 PMCID: PMC10393330 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00047.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus, where currently there is no cure available. Several important mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of this complication, with oxidative stress being one of the key factors. The past decades have seen a large number of publications with various aspects of this topic; however, the specific details of redox regulation in DKD are still unclear. This is partly because redox biology is very complex, coupled with a complex and heterogeneous organ with numerous cell types. Furthermore, often times terms such as "oxidative stress" or reactive oxygen species are used as a general term to cover a wide and rich variety of reactive species and their differing reactions. However, no reactive species are the same, and not all of them are capable of biologically relevant reactions or "redox signaling." The goal of this review is to provide a biochemical background for an array of specific reactive oxygen species types with varying reactivity and specificity in the kidney as well as highlight some of the advances in redox biology that are paving the way to a better understanding of DKD development and risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse S Daehn
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Ubong S Ekperikpe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States
| | - Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
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8
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Song D, Zhang A, Hu X, Zeng M, Zhou H. Wen-Shen-Jian-Pi-Hua-Tan decoction protects against early obesity-related glomerulopathy by improving renal bile acid composition and suppressing lipogenesis, inflammation, and fibrosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154861. [PMID: 37167823 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an independent predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD) development and may directly lead to kidney lesions such as obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) which might play a vital pathogenic role in obese patients with CKD. Wen-Shen-Jian-Pi-Hua-Tan decoction (WSHT) has been clinically used for the treatment of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases for years. However, the renoprotective effects and potential mechanism of action of WSHT against ORG remain unknown. PURPOSE This study aimed to explore the potential effect of WSHT on ORG and reveal its mechanisms in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. METHODS An animal model of early stage ORG was established using HFD-induced obese rats. After treatment with WSHT for 6 weeks, an integrated metabolomics and molecular biology strategy was utilized to illustrate the effects and mechanism of WSHT on ORG. First, UPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics was used to analyze renal bile acid (BA) levels. Biochemical, histological, and immunofluorescence assays; electron microscopy; and western blotting were performed to evaluate the efficacy of WSHT against ORG and its underlying mechanisms in vivo. RESULTS Our results showed that an HFD led to hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, renal lipid deposition, effacement of podocyte foot processes, and increased expression of proinflammatory factors and profibrotic growth factors in ORG rats. In addition, an HFD decreased the levels of renal BAs such as cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid. After 6 weeks of treatment, WSHT markedly attenuated dyslipidemia and reduced body, kidney and epididymal fat weights in ORG rats. WSHT also significantly increased BA levels, suggesting that it altered BA composition; the effects of BAs are closely associated with farnesoid X receptor (FXR) activation. WSHT alleviated fat accumulation, podocyte loss and proteinuria, and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic growth factors in the kidneys of ORG rats. Finally, WSHT remarkably upregulated the renal expression of FXR and salt-induced kinase 1 and blocked the renal expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and its target genes. CONCLUSION WSHT attenuated early renal lesions in ORG rats by improving renal BA composition and suppressing lipogenesis, inflammation and fibrosis. This study develops a new way to alleviate obesity-induced renal damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daofei Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Aijie Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - MingXing Zeng
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, China.
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9
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Ren L, Cui H, Wang Y, Ju F, Cai Y, Gang X, Wang G. The role of lipotoxicity in kidney disease: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114465. [PMID: 36870280 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is the dysregulation of the lipid environment and/or intracellular composition that leads to accumulation of harmful lipids and ultimately to organelle dysfunction, abnormal activation of intracellular signaling pathways, chronic inflammation and cell death. It plays an important role in the development of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease, including diabetic nephropathy, obesity-related glomerulopathy, age-related kidney disease, polycystic kidney disease, and the like. However, the mechanisms of lipid overload and kidney injury remain poorly understood. Herein, we discuss two pivotal aspects of lipotoxic kidney injury. First, we analyzed the mechanism of lipid accumulation in the kidney. Accumulating data indicate that the mechanisms of lipid overload in different kidney diseases are inconsistent. Second, we summarize the multiple mechanisms by which lipotoxic species affect the kidney cell behavior, including oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulated autophagy, and inflammation, highlighting the central role of oxidative stress. Blocking the molecular pathways of lipid accumulation in the kidney and the damage of the kidney by lipid overload may be potential therapeutic targets for kidney disease, and antioxidant drugs may play a pivotal role in the treatment of kidney disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Haiying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Yuci District People's Hospital, Yuci 030600, Shanxi, China
| | - Yunjia Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China.
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10
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Liu HJ, Miao H, Yang JZ, Liu F, Cao G, Zhao YY. Deciphering the role of lipoproteins and lipid metabolic alterations in ageing and ageing-associated renal fibrosis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 85:101861. [PMID: 36693450 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the ultimate pathological feature of many chronic diseases, and ageing a major risk factor for fibrotic diseases. Current therapies are limited to those that reduce the rate of functional decline in patients with mild to moderate disease, but few interventions are available to specifically target the pathogenesis of fibrosis. In this context, new treatments that can significantly improve survival time and quality of life for these patients are urgently needed. In this review, we outline both the synthesis and metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins associated with ageing-associated renal fibrosis and the prominent contribution of lipids and lipidomics in the discovery of biomarkers that can be used for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of renal ageing and fibrosis. Next, we describe the effect of dyslipidaemia on ageing-related renal fibrosis and the pathophysiological changes in the kidney caused by dyslipidaemia. We then summarize the enzymes, transporters, transcription factors, and RNAs that contribute to dysregulated lipid metabolism in renal fibrosis and discuss their role in renal fibrosis in detail. We conclude by discussing the progress in research on small molecule therapeutic agents that prevent and treat ageing and ageing-associated renal fibrosis by modulating lipid metabolism. A growing number of studies suggest that restoring aberrant lipid metabolism may be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy to combat ageing and ageing-associated renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Hua Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jun-Zheng Yang
- Guangdong Nephrotic Drug Engineering Technology Research Center, Institute of Consun Co. for Chinese Medicine in Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Consun Pharmaceutical Group, No. 71 Dongpeng Avenue, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510530, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 South of Panjiayuan, Beijing 100021, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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11
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Yuan Q, Tang B, Zhang C. Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:182. [PMID: 35680856 PMCID: PMC9184651 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a chronic renal dysfunction syndrome that is characterized by nephron loss, inflammation, myofibroblasts activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Lipotoxicity and oxidative stress are the driving force for the loss of nephron including tubules, glomerulus, and endothelium. NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, MAPK signaling, PI3K/Akt signaling, and RAAS signaling involves in lipotoxicity. The upregulated Nox expression and the decreased Nrf2 expression result in oxidative stress directly. The injured renal resident cells release proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines to recruit immune cells such as macrophages from bone marrow. NF-κB signaling, NLRP3 inflammasome signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, Toll-like receptor signaling, and cGAS-STING signaling are major signaling pathways that mediate inflammation in inflammatory cells including immune cells and injured renal resident cells. The inflammatory cells produce and secret a great number of profibrotic cytokines such as TGF-β1, Wnt ligands, and angiotensin II. TGF-β signaling, Wnt signaling, RAAS signaling, and Notch signaling evoke the activation of myofibroblasts and promote the generation of ECM. The potential therapies targeted to these signaling pathways are also introduced here. In this review, we update the key signaling pathways of lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, and myofibroblasts activation in kidneys with chronic injury, and the targeted drugs based on the latest studies. Unifying these pathways and the targeted therapies will be instrumental to advance further basic and clinical investigation in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ben Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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12
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Pan X. The Roles of Fatty Acids and Apolipoproteins in the Kidneys. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050462. [PMID: 35629966 PMCID: PMC9145954 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys are organs that require energy from the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose; several studies have shown that the kidneys are metabolically active tissues with an estimated energy requirement similar to that of the heart. The kidneys may regulate the normal and pathological function of circulating lipids in the body, and their glomerular filtration barrier prevents large molecules or large lipoprotein particles from being filtered into pre-urine. Given the permeable nature of the kidneys, renal lipid metabolism plays an important role in affecting the rest of the body and the kidneys. Lipid metabolism in the kidneys is important because of the exchange of free fatty acids and apolipoproteins from the peripheral circulation. Apolipoproteins have important roles in the transport and metabolism of lipids within the glomeruli and renal tubules. Indeed, evidence indicates that apolipoproteins have multiple functions in regulating lipid import, transport, synthesis, storage, oxidation and export, and they are important for normal physiological function. Apolipoproteins are also risk factors for several renal diseases; for example, apolipoprotein L polymorphisms induce kidney diseases. Furthermore, renal apolipoprotein gene expression is substantially regulated under various physiological and disease conditions. This review is aimed at describing recent clinical and basic studies on the major roles and functions of apolipoproteins in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA;
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Langone Hospital—Long Island, Mineola, New York, NY 11501, USA
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13
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Jiang S, Luo M, Bai X, Nie P, Zhu Y, Cai H, Li B, Luo P. Cellular crosstalk of glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes in diabetic kidney disease. J Cell Commun Signal 2022; 16:313-331. [PMID: 35041192 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Persistent proteinuria is an important feature of DKD, which is caused by the destruction of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). Glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) and podocytes are important components of the GFB, and their damage can be observed in the early stages of DKD. Recently, studies have found that crosstalk between cells directly affects DKD progression, which has prospective research significance. However, the pathways involved are complex and largely unexplored. Here, we review the literature on cellular crosstalk of GECs and podocytes in the context of DKD, and highlight specific gaps in the field to propose future research directions. Elucidating the intricates of such complex processes will help to further understand the pathogenesis of DKD and develop better prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Manyu Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ping Nie
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Yuexin Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Hangxi Cai
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Bing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, No. 218, Ziqiang Street, Changchun, 130041, China.
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14
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Pan X. Cholesterol Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease: Physiology, Pathologic Mechanisms, and Treatment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1372:119-143. [PMID: 35503178 PMCID: PMC11106795 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-0394-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High plasma levels of lipids and/or lipoproteins are risk factors for atherosclerosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), obesity, and diabetes. These four conditions have also been identified as risk factors leading to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although many pathways that generate high plasma levels of these factors have been identified, most clinical and physiologic dysfunction results from aberrant assembly and secretion of lipoproteins. The results of several published studies suggest that elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol are a risk factor for atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, coronary artery calcification associated with type 2 diabetes, and NAFLD. Cholesterol metabolism has also been identified as an important pathway contributing to the development of CKD; clinical treatments designed to alter various steps of the cholesterol synthesis and metabolism pathway are currently under study. Cholesterol synthesis and catabolism contribute to a multistep process with pathways that are regulated at the cellular level in renal tissue. Cholesterol metabolism may also be regulated by the balance between the influx and efflux of cholesterol molecules that are capable of crossing the membrane of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells and podocytes. Cellular accumulation of cholesterol can result in lipotoxicity and ultimately kidney dysfunction and failure. Thus, further research focused on cholesterol metabolism pathways will be necessary to improve our understanding of the impact of cholesterol restriction, which is currently a primary intervention recommended for patients with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY, USA.
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15
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Castro BBA, Foresto-Neto O, Saraiva-Camara NO, Sanders-Pinheiro H. Renal lipotoxicity: Insights from experimental models. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1579-1588. [PMID: 34314523 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a progressive increase in the prevalence of obesity and chronic kidney disease. Renal lipotoxicity has been associated with obesity. Although lipids play fundamental physiological roles, the accumulation of lipids in kidney cells may cause dysfunction and/or renal fibrosis. Adipose tissue that exceeds their lipid storage capacity begins to release triglycerides into the bloodstream that can get stored in several organs, including the kidneys. The mechanisms underlying renal lipotoxicity involve intracellular lipid accumulation and organelle dysfunction, which trigger oxidative stress and inflammation that consequently result in insulin resistance and albuminuria. However, the specific pathways involved in renal lipotoxicity have not yet been fully understood. We aimed to summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which lipotoxicity affects the renal morphology and function in experimental models of obesity. The accumulation of fatty acids in tubular cells has been described as the main mechanism of lipotoxicity; however, lipids and their metabolism also affect the function and the survival of podocytes. In this review, we presented indication of mitochondrial, lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum alterations involved in kidney damage caused by obesity. The kidney is vulnerable to lipotoxicity, and studies of the mechanisms underlying renal injury caused by obesity can help identify therapeutic targets to control renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Bruna Abreu Castro
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Nucleus of Animal Experimentation (NIDEAL), Centre of Reproductive Biology (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Nephrology Division and Interdisciplinary Nucleus of Studies and Research in Nephrology (NIEPEN), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Orestes Foresto-Neto
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva-Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helady Sanders-Pinheiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Nucleus of Animal Experimentation (NIDEAL), Centre of Reproductive Biology (CBR), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Nephrology Division and Interdisciplinary Nucleus of Studies and Research in Nephrology (NIEPEN), Federal University of Juiz de Fora (UFJF, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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16
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Hwang S, Chung KW. Targeting fatty acid metabolism for fibrotic disorders. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:839-856. [PMID: 34664210 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined by abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix, which can affect virtually every organ system under diseased conditions. Fibrotic tissue remodeling often leads to organ dysfunction and is highly associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The disease burden caused by fibrosis is substantial, and the medical need for effective antifibrotic therapies is essential. Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanism and pathobiology of fibrosis, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated signaling pathways. However, owing to the complex and dynamic properties of fibrotic disorders, there are currently no therapeutic options that can prevent or reverse fibrosis. Recent studies have revealed that alterations in fatty acid metabolic processes are common mechanisms and core pathways that play a central role in different fibrotic disorders. Excessive lipid accumulation or defective fatty acid oxidation is associated with increased lipotoxicity, which directly contributes to the development of fibrosis. Genetic alterations or pharmacologic targeting of fatty acid metabolic processes have great potential for the inhibition of fibrosis development. Furthermore, mechanistic studies have revealed active interactions between altered metabolic processes and fibrosis development. Several well-known fibrotic factors change the lipid metabolic processes, while altered metabolic processes actively participate in fibrosis development. This review summarizes the recent evidence linking fatty acid metabolism and fibrosis, and provides new insights into the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases for the development of drugs for fibrosis prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghwan Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46214, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Wung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 46214, Republic of Korea.
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17
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An JN, Kim H, Kim EN, Cho A, Cho Y, Choi YW, Kim JH, Yang SH, Choi BS, Lim CS, Kim YS, Kim KP, Lee JP. Effects of periostin deficiency on kidney aging and lipid metabolism. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:22649-22665. [PMID: 34607314 PMCID: PMC8544301 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Periostin plays a crucial role in fibrosis, which is involved in kidney aging. A few studies have shown that lipid metabolism is involved in kidney aging. We investigated the role of periostin in lipid metabolism during kidney aging. Renal function, fibrosis, and inflammatory markers were studied using urine, blood, and tissue samples from wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and Postn-null mice of 2 and 24 months of age. Lipids were quantitatively profiled using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Renal function was worse and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis, periostin expression, and inflammatory and fibrotic markers were more severe in aged WT mice than in young WT mice. In aged Postn-null mice, these changes were mitigated. Thirty-five differentially regulated lipids were identified. Phosphatidylcholines, cholesteryl ester, cholesterol, ceramide-1-phosphate, and CCL5 expression were significantly higher in aged WT mice than in aged Postn-null mice. Particularly, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid differed strongly between the two groups. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 2, which converts lysophosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylcholine, was significantly higher in aged WT mice than in aged Postn-null mice. Periostin expression in the kidneys increased with age, and periostin ablation delayed aging. Changes in lipids and their metabolism were found in Postn-null mice. Further research on the precise mechanisms of and relationships between lipid expression and metabolism, kidney aging, and periostin expression is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Nam An
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyoseon Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Nim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeongeun Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Young Wook Choi
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hyuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hee Yang
- Seoul National University Kidney Research Institute, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Ahn E, Lee J, Han J, Lee SM, Kwon KS, Hwang GS. Glutathione is an aging-related metabolic signature in the mouse kidney. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:21009-21028. [PMID: 34492635 PMCID: PMC8457589 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The ability to maintain systemic metabolic homeostasis through various mechanisms represents a crucial strength of kidneys in the study of metabolic syndrome or aging. Moreover, age-associated kidney failure has been widely accepted. However, efforts to demonstrate aging-dependent renal metabolic rewiring have been limited. In the present study, we investigated aging-related renal metabolic determinants by integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic data sets from kidneys of young (3 months, n = 7 and 3 for respectively) and old (24 months, n = 8 and 3 for respectively) naive C57BL/6 male mice. Metabolite profiling analysis was conducted, followed by data processing via network and pathway analyses, to identify differential metabolites. In the aged group, the levels of glutathione and oxidized glutathione were significantly increased, but the levels of gamma-glutamyl amino acids, amino acids combined with the gamma-glutamyl moiety from glutathione by membrane transpeptidases, and circulating glutathione levels were decreased. In transcriptomic analysis, differential expression of metabolic enzymes is consistent with the hypothesis of aging-dependent rewiring in renal glutathione metabolism; pathway and network analyses further revealed the increased expression of immune-related genes in the aged group. Collectively, our integrative analysis results revealed that defective renal glutathione metabolism is a signature of renal aging. Therefore, we hypothesize that restraining renal glutathione metabolism might alleviate or delay age-associated renal metabolic deterioration, and aberrant activation of the renal immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyong Ahn
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Jueun Lee
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Jisu Han
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Aventi Inc., Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Geum-Sook Hwang
- Integrated Metabolomics Research Group, Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03759, Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul 03760, Korea
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19
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Mitrofanova A, Burke G, Merscher S, Fornoni A. New insights into renal lipid dysmetabolism in diabetic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:524-540. [PMID: 33995842 PMCID: PMC8107981 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid dysmetabolism is one of the main features of diabetes mellitus and manifests by dyslipidemia as well as the ectopic accumulation of lipids in various tissues and organs, including the kidney. Research suggests that impaired cholesterol metabolism, increased lipid uptake or synthesis, increased fatty acid oxidation, lipid droplet accumulation and an imbalance in biologically active sphingolipids (such as ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate) contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Currently, the literature suggests that both quality and quantity of lipids are associated with DKD and contribute to increased reactive oxygen species production, oxidative stress, inflammation, or cell death. Therefore, control of renal lipid dysmetabolism is a very important therapeutic goal, which needs to be archived. This article will review some of the recent advances leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms of dyslipidemia and the role of particular lipids and sphingolipids in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - George Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
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20
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Chung KW. Advances in Understanding of the Role of Lipid Metabolism in Aging. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040880. [PMID: 33924316 PMCID: PMC8068994 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During aging, body adiposity increases with changes in the metabolism of lipids and their metabolite levels. Considering lipid metabolism, excess adiposity with increased lipotoxicity leads to various age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, arthritis, type 2 diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the multifaceted nature and complexities of lipid metabolism make it difficult to delineate its exact mechanism and role during aging. With advances in genetic engineering techniques, recent studies have demonstrated that changes in lipid metabolism are associated with aging and age-related diseases. Lipid accumulation and impaired fatty acid utilization in organs are associated with pathophysiological phenotypes of aging. Changes in adipokine levels contribute to aging by modulating changes in systemic metabolism and inflammation. Advances in lipidomic techniques have identified changes in lipid profiles that are associated with aging. Although it remains unclear how lipid metabolism is regulated during aging, or how lipid metabolites impact aging, evidence suggests a dynamic role for lipid metabolism and its metabolites as active participants of signaling pathways and regulators of gene expression. This review describes recent advances in our understanding of lipid metabolism in aging, including established findings and recent approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wung Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46214, Korea
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21
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Critical Role for AMPK in Metabolic Disease-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217994. [PMID: 33121167 PMCID: PMC7663488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prevalent in 9.1% of the global population and is a significant public health problem associated with increased morbidity and mortality. CKD is associated with highly prevalent physiological and metabolic disturbances such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and aging, which are also risk factors for CKD pathogenesis and progression. Podocytes and proximal tubular cells of the kidney strongly express AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK plays essential roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell survival, growth, and inflammation. Thus, metabolic disease-induced renal diseases like obesity-related and diabetic chronic kidney disease demonstrate dysregulated AMPK in the kidney. Activating AMPK ameliorates the pathological and phenotypical features of both diseases. As a metabolic sensor, AMPK regulates active tubular transport and helps renal cells to survive low energy states. AMPK also exerts a key role in mitochondrial homeostasis and is known to regulate autophagy in mammalian cells. While the nutrient-sensing role of AMPK is critical in determining the fate of renal cells, the role of AMPK in kidney autophagy and mitochondrial quality control leading to pathology in metabolic disease-related CKD is not very clear and needs further investigation. This review highlights the crucial role of AMPK in renal cell dysfunction associated with metabolic diseases and aims to expand therapeutic strategies by understanding the molecular and cellular processes underlying CKD.
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Multifaceted deregulation of gene expression and protein synthesis with age. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:15581-15590. [PMID: 32576685 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2001788117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein synthesis represents a major metabolic activity of the cell. However, how it is affected by aging and how this in turn impacts cell function remains largely unexplored. To address this question, herein we characterized age-related changes in both the transcriptome and translatome of mouse tissues over the entire life span. We showed that the transcriptome changes govern those in the translatome and are associated with altered expression of genes involved in inflammation, extracellular matrix, and lipid metabolism. We also identified genes that may serve as candidate biomarkers of aging. At the translational level, we uncovered sustained down-regulation of a set of 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine (5'-TOP) transcripts encoding protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis machinery and regulated by the mTOR pathway. For many of them, ribosome occupancy dropped twofold or even more. Moreover, with age, ribosome coverage gradually decreased in the vicinity of start codons and increased near stop codons, revealing complex age-related changes in the translation process. Taken together, our results reveal systematic and multidimensional deregulation of protein synthesis, showing how this major cellular process declines with age.
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Opazo-Ríos L, Mas S, Marín-Royo G, Mezzano S, Gómez-Guerrero C, Moreno JA, Egido J. Lipotoxicity and Diabetic Nephropathy: Novel Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Opportunities. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2632. [PMID: 32290082 PMCID: PMC7177360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipotoxicity is characterized by the ectopic accumulation of lipids in organs different from adipose tissue. Lipotoxicity is mainly associated with dysfunctional signaling and insulin resistance response in non-adipose tissue such as myocardium, pancreas, skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney. Serum lipid abnormalities and renal ectopic lipid accumulation have been associated with the development of kidney diseases, in particular diabetic nephropathy. Chronic hyperinsulinemia, often seen in type 2 diabetes, plays a crucial role in blood and liver lipid metabolism abnormalities, thus resulting in increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). Excessive lipid accumulation alters cellular homeostasis and activates lipogenic and glycogenic cell-signaling pathways. Recent evidences indicate that both quantity and quality of lipids are involved in renal damage associated to lipotoxicity by activating inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cell-death. The pathological effects of lipotoxicity have been observed in renal cells, thus promoting podocyte injury, tubular damage, mesangial proliferation, endothelial activation, and formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Therefore, this review examines the recent preclinical and clinical research about the potentially harmful effects of lipids in the kidney, metabolic markers associated with these mechanisms, major signaling pathways affected, the causes of excessive lipid accumulation, and the types of lipids involved, as well as offers a comprehensive update of therapeutic strategies targeting lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Opazo-Ríos
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Sebastián Mas
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Gema Marín-Royo
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Sergio Mezzano
- Laboratorio de Nefrología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, 5090000 Valdivia, Chile;
| | - Carmen Gómez-Guerrero
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
| | - Juan Antonio Moreno
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Jesús Egido
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), 28040 Madrid, Spain; (L.O.-R.); (G.M.-R.); (C.G.-G.); (J.E.)
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Li XY, Chen HR, Zha XQ, Chen S, Pan LH, Li QM, Luo JP. Prevention and possible mechanism of a purified Laminaria japonica polysaccharide on adriamycin-induced acute kidney injury in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:591-600. [PMID: 31958563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims to investigate the effects and underlying mechanism of a homogeneous Laminaria japonica polysaccharide (LJP61A) on acute kidney injury (AKI) in mice. According to the results of biochemical and pathological analysis, we concluded that LJP61A could protect kidney from the damage of adriamycin in AKI mice. Compared to the model group, the mRNA level of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and MCP-1) and protein level of mesenchymal markers demsin were decrease by the treatment of LJP61A while the protein levels of podocyte structure markers (Nephrin and WT-1) were increased. Moreover, the adriamycin-induced enhancement of phosphor-p65, phosphor-p38, phosphor-ERK1/2 and phosphor-JNK in the kidney of AKI mice were significantly suppressed by LJP61A. Similar variation was observed in the mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3. These results suggested that LJP61A prevented acute kidney injury possibly via regulating TGF-β1-mediated Smad3, MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Ran Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Qiang Zha
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Disease of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shun Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Hua Pan
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang-Ming Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- Engineering Research Centre of Bioprocess of Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, No 193 Tunxi Road, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
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Schley G, Grampp S, Goppelt-Struebe M. Inhibition of oxygen-sensing prolyl hydroxylases increases lipid accumulation in human primary tubular epithelial cells without inducing ER stress. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 381:125-140. [PMID: 32189058 PMCID: PMC7306052 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF) pathway in renal lipid metabolism is largely unknown. As HIF stabilizing prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are currently investigated in clinical trials for the treatment of renal anemia, we studied the effects of genetic deletion and pharmacological inhibition of PHDs on renal lipid metabolism in transgenic mice and human primary tubular epithelial cells (hPTEC). Tubular cell-specific deletion of HIF prolyl hydroxylase 2 (Phd2) increased the size of Oil Red-stained lipid droplets in mice. In hPTEC, the PHD inhibitors (PHDi) DMOG and ICA augmented lipid accumulation, which was visualized by Oil Red staining and assessed by microscopy and an infrared imaging system. PHDi-induced lipid accumulation required the exogenous availability of fatty acids and was observed in both proximal and distal hPTEC. PHDi treatment was not associated with structural features of cytotoxicity in contrast to treatment with the immunosuppressant cyclosporine A (CsA). PHDi and CsA differentially upregulated the expression of the lipid droplet-associated genes PLIN2, PLIN4 and HILPDA. Both PHDi and CsA activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) indicating the initiation of a metabolic stress response. However, only CsA triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as determined by the increased mRNA expression of multiple ER stress markers but CsA-induced ER stress was not linked to lipid accumulation. Our data raise the possibility that PHD inhibition may protect tubular cells from toxic free fatty acids by trapping them as triacylglycerides in lipid droplets. This mechanism might contribute to the renoprotective effects of PHDi in experimental kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Schley
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Steffen Grampp
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Margarete Goppelt-Struebe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg and University Hospital Erlangen, Loschgestrasse 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Dorotea D, Koya D, Ha H. Recent Insights Into SREBP as a Direct Mediator of Kidney Fibrosis via Lipid-Independent Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:265. [PMID: 32256356 PMCID: PMC7092724 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory-element binding proteins (SREBPs) are classical regulators of cellular lipid metabolism in the kidney and other tissues. SREBPs are currently recognized as versatile transcription factors involved in a myriad of cellular processes. Meanwhile, SREBPs have been recognized to mediate lipotoxicity, contributing to the progression of kidney diseases. SREBP1 has been shown to bind to the promoter region of TGFβ, a major pro-fibrotic signaling mechanism in the kidney. Conversely, TGFβ activates SREBP1 transcriptional activity suggesting a positive feedback loop of SREBP1 in TGFβ signaling. Public ChIP-seq data revealed numerous non-lipid transcriptional targets of SREBPs that plausibly play roles in progressive kidney disease and fibrosis. This review provides new insights into SREBP as a mediator of kidney fibrosis via lipid-independent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra Dorotea
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hunjoo Ha
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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27
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Pradas I, Jové M, Cabré R, Ayala V, Mota-Martorell N, Pamplona R. Effects of Aging and Methionine Restriction on Rat Kidney Metabolome. Metabolites 2019; 9:E280. [PMID: 31739579 PMCID: PMC6918429 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9110280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MetR) in animal models extends maximum longevity and seems to promote renoprotection by attenuating kidney injury. MetR has also been proven to affect several metabolic pathways including lipid metabolism. However, there is a lack of studies about the effect of MetR at old age on the kidney metabolome. In view of this, a mass spectrometry-based high-throughput metabolomic and lipidomic profiling was undertaken of renal cortex samples of three groups of male rats-An 8-month-old Adult group, a 26-month-old Aged group, and a MetR group that also comprised of 26-month-old rats but were subjected to an 80% MetR diet for 7 weeks. Additionally, markers of mitochondrial stress and protein oxidative damage were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Our results showed minor changes during aging in the renal cortex metabolome, with less than 59 differential metabolites between the Adult and Aged groups, which represents about 4% of changes in the kidney metabolome. Among the compounds identified are glycerolipids and lipid species derived from arachidonic acid metabolism. MetR at old age preferentially induces lipid changes affecting glycerophospholipids, docosanoids, and eicosanoids. No significant differences were observed between the experimental groups in the markers of mitochondrial stress and tissue protein damage. More than rejuvenation, MetR seems to induce a metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Lleida University-Institute for Research in Biomedicine of Lleida (UdL-IRBLleida), 25198 Lleida, Spain; (I.P.); (M.J.); (R.C.); (V.A.); (N.M.-M.)
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28
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Zhai YJ, Wu MM, Linck VA, Zou L, Yue Q, Wei SP, Song C, Zhang S, Williams CR, Song BL, Zhang ZR, Ma HP. Intracellular cholesterol stimulates ENaC by interacting with phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate and mediates cyclosporine A-induced hypertension. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1915-1924. [PMID: 31109455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that blockade of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) with cyclosporine A (CsA) stimulates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in cultured distal nephron cells. Here we show that CsA elevated systolic blood pressure in both wild-type and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) knockout (KO) mice to a similar level. The elevated systolic blood pressure was completely reversed by inhibition of cholesterol (Cho) synthesis with lovastatin. Inside-out patch-clamp data show that intracellular Cho stimulated ENaC in cultured distal nephron cells by interacting with phosphatidylinositol‑4,5‑bisphosphate (PIP2), an ENaC activator. Confocal microscopy data show that both α‑ENaC and PIP2 were localized in microvilli via a Cho-dependent mechanism. Deletion of membrane Cho reduced the levels of γ‑ENaC in the apical membrane. Reduced ABCA1 expression and elevated intracellular Cho were observed in old mice, compared to young mice. In parallel, cell-attached patch-clamp data from the split-open cortical collecting ducts (CCD) show that ENaC activity was significantly increased in old mice. These data suggest that elevation of intracellular Cho due to blockade of ABCA1 stimulates ENaC, which may contribute to CsA-induced hypertension. This study also implies that reduced ABCA1 expression may mediate age-related hypertension by increasing ENaC activity via elevation of intracellular Cho.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Zhai
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ming-Ming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Cardiology, Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Valerie A Linck
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Qiang Yue
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shi-Peng Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Chang Song
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Clintoria R Williams
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Bin-Lin Song
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Cardiology, Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Clinic Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Key Laboratories of Education Ministry for Myocardial Ischemia Mechanism and Treatment, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - He-Ping Ma
- Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Noh SA, Kim SM, Park SH, Kim DJ, Lee JW, Kim YG, Moon JY, Lim SJ, Lee SH, Kim KP. Alterations in Lipid Profile of the Aging Kidney Identified by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2019; 18:2803-2812. [PMID: 31244212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During aging, the kidney undergoes functional and physiological changes that are closely affiliated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). There is increasing evidence supporting the role of lipid or lipid-derived mediators in the pathogenesis of CKD and other aging-related diseases. To understand the role of lipids in various metabolic processes during kidney aging, we conducted matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) analysis in kidneys harvested from young (2 months old, n = 3) and old mice (24 months old, n = 3). MALDI-IMS analysis showed an increase in ceramide level and a decrease in sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) levels in kidneys of old mice. The increased expression of cPLA2 and SMPD1 protein in aged kidney was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis. Our MALDI-IMS data showed the altered distribution of lipids in aged kidney as indicative of aging-related functional changes of the kidney. Combined analysis of MALDI-IMS and IHC confirmed lipidomic changes and expression levels of responsible enzymes as well as morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Ah Noh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Mi Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hwa Park
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Jin Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Won Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Gyun Kim
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jig Lim
- Department of Pathology , Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ho Lee
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials , Kyung Hee University , Yongin , Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute , Kyung Hee University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
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Lipid Accumulation and Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11040722. [PMID: 30925738 PMCID: PMC6520701 DOI: 10.3390/nu11040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and hyperlipidemia are the most prevalent independent risk factors of chronic kidney disease (CKD), suggesting that lipid accumulation in the renal parenchyma is detrimental to renal function. Non-esterified fatty acids (also known as free fatty acids, FFA) are especially harmful to the kidneys. A concerted, increased FFA uptake due to high fat diets, overexpression of fatty acid uptake systems such as the CD36 scavenger receptor and the fatty acid transport proteins, and a reduced β-oxidation rate underlie the intracellular lipid accumulation in non-adipose tissues. FFAs in excess can damage podocytes, proximal tubular epithelial cells and the tubulointerstitial tissue through various mechanisms, in particular by boosting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation, promoting mitochondrial damage and tissue inflammation, which result in glomerular and tubular lesions. Not all lipids are bad for the kidneys: polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) seem to help lag the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Lifestyle interventions, especially dietary adjustments, and lipid-lowering drugs can contribute to improve the clinical outcome of patients with CKD.
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Mitrofanova A, Molina J, Varona Santos J, Guzman J, Morales XA, Ducasa GM, Bryn J, Sloan A, Volosenco I, Kim JJ, Ge M, Mallela SK, Kretzler M, Eddy S, Martini S, Wahl P, Pastori S, Mendez AJ, Burke GW, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin protects from kidney disease in experimental Alport syndrome and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Kidney Int 2018; 94:1151-1159. [PMID: 30301568 PMCID: PMC6278936 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that altered renal lipid metabolism plays a role in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease and that genetic or pharmacological induction of cholesterol efflux protects from the development of diabetic kidney disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Here we tested whether altered lipid metabolism contributes to renal failure in the Col4a3 knockout mouse model for Alport Syndrome. There was an eight-fold increase in the cholesterol content in renal cortexes of mice with Alport Syndrome. This was associated with increased glomerular lipid droplets and cholesterol crystals. Treatment of mice with Alport Syndrome with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) reduced cholesterol content in the kidneys of mice with Alport Syndrome and protected from the development of albuminuria, renal failure, inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Cholesterol efflux and trafficking-related genes were primarily affected in mice with Alport Syndrome and were differentially regulated in the kidney cortex and isolated glomeruli. HPβCD also protected from proteinuria and mesangial expansion in a second model of non-metabolic kidney disease, adriamycin-induced nephropathy. Consistent with our experimental findings, microarray analysis confirmed dysregulation of several lipid-related genes in glomeruli isolated from kidney biopsies of patients with primary FSGS enrolled in the NEPTUNE study. Thus, lipid dysmetabolism occurs in non-metabolic glomerular disorders such as Alport Syndrome and FSGS, and HPβCD improves renal function in experimental Alport Syndrome and FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Judith Molina
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Javier Varona Santos
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Johanna Guzman
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ximena A Morales
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - G Michelle Ducasa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jonathan Bryn
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexis Sloan
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ion Volosenco
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mengyuan Ge
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Shamroop K Mallela
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Matthias Kretzler
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sean Eddy
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sebastian Martini
- Division of Nephrology, Departments of Internal Medicine and Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patricia Wahl
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Santiago Pastori
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Armando J Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - George W Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.
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Heo JY, Kim JE, Dan Y, Kim YW, Kim JY, Cho KH, Bae YK, Im SS, Liu KH, Song IH, Kim JR, Lee IK, Park SY. Clusterin deficiency induces lipid accumulation and tissue damage in kidney. J Endocrinol 2018; 237:175-191. [PMID: 29563234 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Clusterin is a secretory glycoprotein that is involved in multiple physiopathological processes, including lipid metabolism. Previous studies have shown that clusterin prevents hepatic lipid accumulation via suppression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) 1. In this study, we examined the role of clusterin in renal lipid accumulation in clusterin-knockout mice and NRK52e tubular epithelial cells. Clusterin deficiency increased the expression of SREBP1 and its target genes and decreased malonyl-CoA decarboxylase protein levels in the kidney. Expression of the endocytic receptor, megalin, and scavenger receptor class A was increased in clusterin-deficient mice. Functional analysis of lipid metabolism also revealed that lipid uptake and triglyceride synthesis were increased and fatty acid oxidation was reduced, leading to increased lipid accumulation in clusterin-deficient mice. These phenomena were accompanied by mesangial expansion, fibrosis and increased urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio. High-fat feeding aggravated these clusterin deficiency-induced pathological changes. Clusterin knockdown in NRK52e cells increased lipogenic gene expression and lipid levels, whereas overexpression of clusterin by treatment with adenovirus or recombinant clusterin protein suppressed lipogenic gene expression and lipid levels. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFB1) expression increased in the kidney of clusterin-deficient mice and suppression of TGFB1 in NRK52e cells suppressed lipid accumulation. These results suggest that clusterin deficiency induces renal lipid accumulation by dysregulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related factors and TGFB1, thereby leading to chronic kidney disease. Hence, clusterin may serve as a therapeutic target for lipid-induced chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yoon Heo
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Kim
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yongwook Dan
- Weinberg CollegeNorthwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu Hyang Cho
- Department of Internal MedicineCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Bae
- Department of PathologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of PhysiologyKeimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Hwan Song
- Department of AnatomyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal MedicineSchool of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of PhysiologyCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research CenterCollege of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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33
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Su H, Wan C, Lei CT, Zhang CY, Ye C, Tang H, Qiu Y, Zhang C. Lipid Deposition in Kidney Diseases: Interplay Among Redox, Lipid Mediators, and Renal Impairment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1027-1043. [PMID: 28325081 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Significance: The relationship between lipid disturbances and renal diseases has been studied for several decades, and it is well recognized that when the balance of renal lipid uptake, synthesis, oxidation, and outflow is disrupted, lipids will undergo oxidation, be sequestrated as lipid droplets, generate toxic metabolites, and cause nephrotoxicity in diverse renal diseases. Recent Advances: During renal disorders, redox signaling is a pivotal event promoting or resulting from lipid disorders. Accordingly, a vicious cycle of lipid redox dysregulation could be developed, accelerating the renal damage. Critical Issues: The aim of this concise review is to introduce the connection among redox, lipid abnormalities and kidney damage in various conditions. And we summarized current understanding of the lipid redox loop implicated in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, metabolic abnormalities, aging, and genetic pitfalls. Future Directions: Despite recent advances, further investigations are required to clarify the complicated molecular and regulatory mechanisms among redox, lipid mediators and renal disorders. Moreover, exploring an ideal target for potential therapies should be discussed and studied in future. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1027-1043.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Tao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Yun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Chung KW, Lee EK, Lee MK, Oh GT, Yu BP, Chung HY. Impairment of PPAR α and the Fatty Acid Oxidation Pathway Aggravates Renal Fibrosis during Aging. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1223-1237. [PMID: 29440279 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017070802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in the renal fatty acid oxidation (FAO) pathway have been implicated in the development of renal fibrosis. Although, compared with young kidneys, aged kidneys show significantly increased fibrosis with impaired kidney function, the mechanisms underlying the effects of aging on renal fibrosis have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and the FAO pathway as regulators of age-associated renal fibrosis. The expression of PPARα and the FAO pathway-associated proteins significantly decreased with the accumulation of lipids in the renal tubular epithelial region during aging in rats. In particular, decreased PPARα protein expression associated with increased expression of PPARα-targeting microRNAs. Among the microRNAs with increased expression during aging, miR-21 efficiently decreased PPARα expression and impaired FAO when ectopically expressed in renal epithelial cells. In cells pretreated with oleic acid to induce lipid stress, miR-21 treatment further enhanced lipid accumulation. Furthermore, treatment with miR-21 significantly exacerbated the TGF-β-induced fibroblast phenotype of epithelial cells. We verified the physiologic importance of our findings in a calorie restriction model. Calorie restriction rescued the impaired FAO pathway during aging and slowed fibrosis development. Finally, compared with kidneys of aged littermate controls, kidneys of aged PPARα-/- mice showed exaggerated lipid accumulation, with decreased activity of the FAO pathway and a severe fibrosis phenotype. Our results suggest that impaired renal PPARα signaling during aging aggravates renal fibrosis development, and targeting PPARα is useful for preventing age-associated CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Wung Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and.,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Korea Institute of Toxicology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Ilsin Christian Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Taeg Oh
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Byung Pal Yu
- Department of Physiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention and .,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Wang H, Feng Z, Xie J, Wen F, Jv M, Liang T, Li J, Wang Y, Zuo Y, Li S, Li R, Li Z, Zhang B, Liang X, Liu S, Shi W, Wang W. Podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protects kidney from hyperglycemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 314:F1096-F1107. [PMID: 29361670 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00575.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) has proven to be downregulated in podocytes challenged with high glucose (HG), and knockout of PTEN in podocytes aggravated the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). However, whether podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protects the kidney against hyperglycemia in vivo remains unknown. The inducible podocyte-specific PTEN knockin (PPKI) mice were generated by crossing newly created transgenic loxP-stop- loxP-PTEN mice with podocin-iCreERT2 mice. Diabetes mellitus was induced in mice by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 150 mg/kg. In vitro, small interfering RNA and adenovirus interference were used to observe the role of PTEN in HG-treated podocytes. Our data demonstrated that PTEN was markedly reduced in the podocytes of patients with DKD and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, as well as in those of db/db mice. Interestingly, podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN significantly alleviated albuminuria, mesangial matrix expansion, effacement of podocyte foot processes, and incrassation of glomerular basement membrane in diabetic PPKI mice compared with wild-type diabetic mice, whereas no alteration was observed in the level of blood glucose. The potential renal protection of overexpressed PTEN in podocytes was partly attributed with an improvement in autophagy and motility and the inhibition of apoptosis. Our results showed that podocyte-specific knockin of PTEN protected the kidney against hyperglycemia in vivo , suggesting that targeting PTEN might be a novel and promising therapeutic strategy against DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huizhen Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ziwei Feng
- Division of Urology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jianteng Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Feng Wen
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Menglei Jv
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tiantian Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jing Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yangyang Zuo
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Sheng Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ruizhao Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhilian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xinling Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shuangxin Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei Shi
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences , Guangzhou , China
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36
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Wang XX, Luo Y, Wang D, Adorini L, Pruzanski M, Dobrinskikh E, Levi M. A dual agonist of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5, INT-767, reverses age-related kidney disease in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12018-12024. [PMID: 28596381 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c117.794982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Even in healthy individuals, renal function gradually declines during aging. However, an observed variation in the rate of this decline has raised the possibility of slowing or delaying age-related kidney disease. One of the most successful interventional measures that slows down and delays age-related kidney disease is caloric restriction. We undertook the present studies to search for potential factors that are regulated by caloric restriction and act as caloric restriction mimetics. Based on our prior studies with the bile acid-activated nuclear hormone receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled membrane receptor TGR5 that demonstrated beneficial effects of FXR and TGR5 activation in the kidney, we reasoned that FXR and TGR5 could be excellent candidates. We therefore determined the effects of aging and caloric restriction on the expression of FXR and TGR5 in the kidney. We found that FXR and TGR5 expression levels are decreased in the aging kidney and that caloric restriction prevents these age-related decreases. Interestingly, in long-lived Ames dwarf mice, renal FXR and TGR5 expression levels were also increased. A 2-month treatment of 22-month-old C57BL/6J mice with the FXR-TGR5 dual agonist INT-767 induced caloric restriction-like effects and reversed age-related increases in proteinuria, podocyte injury, fibronectin accumulation, TGF-β expression, and, most notably, age-related impairments in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial function. Furthermore, in podocytes cultured in serum obtained from old mice, INT-767 prevented the increases in the proinflammatory markers TNF-α, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and TLR4. In summary, our results indicate that FXR and TGR5 may play an important role in modulation of age-related kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin X Wang
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | | | | | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Moshe Levi
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045.
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37
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Scerbo D, Son NH, Sirwi A, Zeng L, Sas KM, Cifarelli V, Schoiswohl G, Huggins LA, Gumaste N, Hu Y, Pennathur S, Abumrad NA, Kershaw EE, Hussain MM, Susztak K, Goldberg IJ. Kidney triglyceride accumulation in the fasted mouse is dependent upon serum free fatty acids. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1132-1142. [PMID: 28404638 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid accumulation is a pathological feature of every type of kidney injury. Despite this striking histological feature, physiological accumulation of lipids in the kidney is poorly understood. We studied whether the accumulation of lipids in the fasted kidney are derived from lipoproteins or NEFAs. With overnight fasting, kidneys accumulated triglyceride, but had reduced levels of ceramide and glycosphingolipid species. Fasting led to a nearly 5-fold increase in kidney uptake of plasma [14C]oleic acid. Increasing circulating NEFAs using a β adrenergic receptor agonist caused a 15-fold greater accumulation of lipid in the kidney, while mice with reduced NEFAs due to adipose tissue deficiency of adipose triglyceride lipase had reduced triglycerides. Cluster of differentiation (Cd)36 mRNA increased 2-fold, and angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4), an LPL inhibitor, increased 10-fold. Fasting-induced kidney lipid accumulation was not affected by inhibition of LPL with poloxamer 407 or by use of mice with induced genetic LPL deletion. Despite the increase in CD36 expression with fasting, genetic loss of CD36 did not alter fatty acid uptake or triglyceride accumulation. Our data demonstrate that fasting-induced triglyceride accumulation in the kidney correlates with the plasma concentrations of NEFAs, but is not due to uptake of lipoprotein lipids and does not involve the fatty acid transporter, CD36.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Scerbo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY.,Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Ni-Huiping Son
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alaa Sirwi
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Lixia Zeng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Kelli M Sas
- Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.,Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lesley-Ann Huggins
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Namrata Gumaste
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Yunying Hu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Nada A Abumrad
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Division of Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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38
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Braun F, Rinschen MM, Bartels V, Frommolt P, Habermann B, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Schumacher B, Dollé MET, Müller RU, Benzing T, Schermer B, Kurschat CE. Altered lipid metabolism in the aging kidney identified by three layered omic analysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 8:441-57. [PMID: 26886165 PMCID: PMC4833139 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aging-associated diseases and their comorbidities affect the life of a constantly growing proportion of the population in developed countries. At the center of these comorbidities are changes of kidney structure and function as age-related chronic kidney disease predisposes to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as stroke, myocardial infarction or heart failure. To detect molecular mechanisms involved in kidney aging, we analyzed gene expression profiles of kidneys from adult and aged wild-type mice by transcriptomic, proteomic and targeted lipidomic methodologies. Interestingly, transcriptome and proteome analyses revealed differential expression of genes primarily involved in lipid metabolism and immune response. Additional lipidomic analyses uncovered significant age-related differences in the total amount of phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins as well as in subspecies of phosphatidylserines and ceramides with age. By integration of these datasets we identified Aldh1a1, a key enzyme in vitamin A metabolism specifically expressed in the medullary ascending limb, as one of the most prominent upregulated proteins in old kidneys. Moreover, ceramidase Asah1 was highly expressed in aged kidneys, consistent with a decrease in ceramide C16. In summary, our data suggest that changes in lipid metabolism are involved in the process of kidney aging and in the development of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Braun
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus M Rinschen
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Valerie Bartels
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Frommolt
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bianca Habermann
- Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical Genetics Centre, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Centre for Health Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Roman-Ulrich Müller
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Benzing
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schermer
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Systems Biology of Ageing Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christine E Kurschat
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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39
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Rückgang der Nierenfunktion im Alter. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2016; 49:469-76. [DOI: 10.1007/s00391-016-1109-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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40
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Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2016; 12:453-71. [PMID: 27263398 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2016.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity-related glomerulopathy is increasing in parallel with the worldwide obesity epidemic. Glomerular hypertrophy and adaptive focal segmental glomerulosclerosis define the condition pathologically. The glomerulus enlarges in response to obesity-induced increases in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, filtration fraction and tubular sodium reabsorption. Normal insulin/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and mTOR signalling are critical for podocyte hypertrophy and adaptation. Adipokines and ectopic lipid accumulation in the kidney promote insulin resistance of podocytes and maladaptive responses to cope with the mechanical forces of renal hyperfiltration. Although most patients have stable or slowly progressive proteinuria, up to one-third develop progressive renal failure and end-stage renal disease. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade is effective in the short-term but weight loss by hypocaloric diet or bariatric surgery has induced more consistent and dramatic antiproteinuric effects and reversal of hyperfiltration. Altered fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism are increasingly recognized as key mediators of renal lipid accumulation, inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Newer therapies directed to lipid metabolism, including SREBP antagonists, PPARα agonists, FXR and TGR5 agonists, and LXR agonists, hold therapeutic promise.
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41
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Levi M. Role of Bile Acid-Regulated Nuclear Receptor FXR and G Protein-Coupled Receptor TGR5 in Regulation of Cardiorenal Syndrome (Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease). Hypertension 2016; 67:1080-4. [PMID: 27045028 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Levi
- From the Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado AMC, Aurora.
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42
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Roza NAV, Possignolo LF, Palanch AC, Gontijo JAR. Effect of long-term high-fat diet intake on peripheral insulin sensibility, blood pressure, and renal function in female rats. Food Nutr Res 2016; 60:28536. [PMID: 26880072 PMCID: PMC4754019 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v60.28536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study determines whether 8-week high-fat diet (HFD) consumption alters insulin sensitivity, kidney function, and blood pressure (BP) in female rats when compared with standard rodent diet (ND) intake in gender- and age-matched rats. METHODS The present study investigates, in female Wistar HanUnib rats, the effect of long-term high-fat fed group (HFD) compared with standard chow on BP by an indirect tail-cuff method using an electrosphygmomanometer, insulin and glucose function, and kidney function by creatinine and lithium clearances. RESULTS The current study shows glucose tolerance impairment, as demonstrated by increased fasting blood glucose (ND: 78±2.8 vs. HFD: 87±3.8 mg/dL) associated with reduced insulin secretion (ND: 0.58±0.07 vs. HFD: 0.40±0.03 ng/mL) in 8-week female HFD-treated rats. The incremental area under the curve (AUC, ND: 1,4558.0±536.0 vs. HFD: 1,6507.8±661.9), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, and the first-order rate constant for the disappearance of glucose (Kitt) were significantly enhanced in 8-week HFD-treated rats compared with age-matched ND group (respectively, P=0.03, P=0.002, and P<0.0001). The current study also shows a significantly higher systolic BP measured in 5 and 8 weeks posttreatment in HFD (5-week HFD-treated: 155.25±10.54 mmHg and 8-week HFD-treated: 165±5.8 mmHg) (P=0.0001), when compared to BP values in 5-week ND, 137±4.24 mmHg and 8-week ND, 131.75±5.8 mmHg age-matched group. Otherwise, the glomerular filtration rate and renal sodium handling evaluated by FENa, FEPNa and FEPPNa, were unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION We may conclude that 8-week female HFD-fed rats compared with ND group stimulate harmful effects, such as BP rise and peripheral glucose intolerance. The increased BP occurs through insulin resistance and supposedly decreased vasodilatation response without any change on renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi A V Roza
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidrossalino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz F Possignolo
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidrossalino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adrianne C Palanch
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidrossalino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - José A R Gontijo
- Laboratório de Metabolismo Hidrossalino, Núcleo de Medicina e Cirurgia Experimental, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil;
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43
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New molecular insights in diabetic nephropathy. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48:373-87. [PMID: 26759327 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-1203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus represents one of the major causes of functional kidney impairment. The review highlights the most significant steps made over the last decades in understanding the molecular basis of diabetic nephropathy (DN), which may provide reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis, along with new molecular targets for personalized medicine. There is an increased interest in developing new therapeutic strategies to slow DN progression for improving patients' quality of life and reducing all-cause morbidity and disease-associated mortality. It is highly important to have a science-based medical attitude when facing diabetic patients with associated comorbidities and risk of rapid evolution toward end-stage renal disease. The data discussed herein were mainly from MEDLINE and PubMed articles published in English from 1990 to 2015 and from up-to-date. The search term was "diabetic nephropathy and oxidative stress".
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Li C, Lin Y, Luo R, Chen S, Wang F, Zheng P, Levi M, Yang T, Wang W. Intrarenal renin-angiotensin system mediates fatty acid-induced ER stress in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 310:F351-63. [PMID: 26672616 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00223.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related kidney disease is related to caloric excess promoting deleterious cellular responses. Accumulation of saturated free fatty acids in tubular cells produces lipotoxicity involving significant cellular dysfunction and injury. The objectives of this study were to elucidate the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation in saturated fatty acid-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in cultured human proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK2) and in mice fed with a high-fat diet. Treatment with saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (PA; 0.8 mM) for 24 h induced ER stress in HK2, leading to an unfolded protein response as reflected by increased expressions of the ER chaperone binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and proapoptotic transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) protein as evaluated by immunoblotting. PA treatment also induced increased protein expression of inositol requiring protein 1α (IRE1α), phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor-α (eIF2α), and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) as well as activation of caspase-3. PA treatment was associated with increased angiotensin II levels in cultured medium. The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker valsartan or renin inhibitor aliskiren dramatically suppressed PA-induced upregulation of BiP, CHOP, IRE1α, p-eIF2α, and ATF4 in HK2 cells. In contrast, valsartan or aliskiren did not prevent ER stress induced by tunicamycin. C57BL/6 mice fed with a high-fat diet for 14 wk exhibited increased protein expressions of BiP and CHOP compared with control mice, which were significantly attenuated by the valsartan treatment. Increased angiotensin II levels in serum and urine were observed in mice fed with a high-fat diet when compared with controls. It is suggested that the intrarenal RAS activation may play an important role in diabetic kidney injury via mediating ER stress induced by saturated fatty acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Renfei Luo
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The 5th Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China;
| | - Peili Zheng
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hypertension and Renal Diseases, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado; and
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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45
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Glastras SJ, Wong MG, Chen H, Zhang J, Zaky A, Pollock CA, Saad S. FXR expression is associated with dysregulated glucose and lipid levels in the offspring kidney induced by maternal obesity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:40. [PMID: 26583035 PMCID: PMC4650952 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal obesity is associated with dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism with consequent exposure of the fetus to an abnormal metabolic milieu. It is recognized that maternal obesity predisposes offspring to chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to determine whether the nuclear Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), known to play a role in maintaining homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, is involved in renal injury in offspring of obese mothers. Methods Maternal obesity was established in a rat model by feeding dams with high-fat diet prior to and during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring’s kidneys were examined at postnatal Day 1and Day 20. Human kidney 2 (HK2) cells were exposed to high glucose with or without the FXR agonist GW4064 or when FXR mRNA was silenced. Results Glucose intolerance in the offspring of obese mothers was evident at weaning, with associated downregulation of renal FXR expression and upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). HK2 cells exposed to high glucose had reduced FXR expression and increased MCP-1, TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen IV expression, which was reversed in the presence of GW4064. FXR-silenced HK2 cells had amplified pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers under high glucose conditions. Conclusions Maternal obesity influences renal expression of pro-inflammatory and fibrotic factors that predispose the offspring to CKD. This was associated with the downregulation of the renal FXR expression suggesting a potential protective role for FXR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0032-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Glastras
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Muh Geot Wong
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jie Zhang
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amgad Zaky
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Wang XX, Edelstein MH, Gafter U, Qiu L, Luo Y, Dobrinskikh E, Lucia S, Adorini L, D'Agati VD, Levi J, Rosenberg A, Kopp JB, Gius DR, Saleem MA, Levi M. G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor TGR5 Activation Inhibits Kidney Disease in Obesity and Diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1362-78. [PMID: 26424786 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014121271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes mellitus are the leading causes of renal disease. In this study, we determined the regulation and role of the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5, previously shown to be regulated by high glucose and/or fatty acids, in obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Treatment of diabetic db/db mice with the selective TGR5 agonist INT-777 decreased proteinuria, podocyte injury, mesangial expansion, fibrosis, and CD68 macrophage infiltration in the kidney. INT-777 also induced renal expression of master regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis, inhibitors of oxidative stress, and inducers of fatty acid β-oxidation, including sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), and Nrf-1. Increased activity of SIRT3 was evidenced by normalization of the increased acetylation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) observed in untreated db/db mice. Accordingly, INT-777 decreased mitochondrial H2O2 generation and increased the activity of SOD2, which associated with decreased urinary levels of H2O2 and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Furthermore, INT-777 decreased renal lipid accumulation. INT-777 also prevented kidney disease in mice with diet-induced obesity. In human podocytes cultured with high glucose, INT-777 induced mitochondrial biogenesis, decreased oxidative stress, and increased fatty acid β-oxidation. Compared with normal kidney biopsy specimens, kidney specimens from patients with established ORG or DN expressed significantly less TGR5 mRNA, and levels inversely correlated with disease progression. Our results indicate that TGR5 activation induces mitochondrial biogenesis and prevents renal oxidative stress and lipid accumulation, establishing a role for TGR5 in inhibiting kidney disease in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;
| | - Michal Herman Edelstein
- Rabin Medical Center, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Uzi Gafter
- Rabin Medical Center, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Liru Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Yuhuan Luo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Evgenia Dobrinskikh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Scott Lucia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan Levi
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Avi Rosenberg
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David R Gius
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Moin A Saleem
- University of Bristol, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado;
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Iozzo P. Metabolic imaging in obesity: underlying mechanisms and consequences in the whole body. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1353:21-40. [PMID: 26335600 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a phenotype resulting from a series of causative factors with a variable risk of complications. Etiologic diversity requires personalized prevention and treatment. Imaging procedures offer the potential to investigate the interplay between organs and pathways underlying energy intake and consumption in an integrated manner, and may open the perspective to classify and treat obesity according to causative mechanisms. This review illustrates the contribution provided by imaging studies to the understanding of human obesity, starting with the regulation of food intake and intestinal metabolism, followed by the role of adipose tissue in storing, releasing, and utilizing substrates, including the interconversion of white and brown fat, and concluding with the examination of imaging risk indicators related to complications, including type 2 diabetes, liver pathologies, cardiac and kidney diseases, and sleep disorders. The imaging modalities include (1) positron emission tomography to quantify organ-specific perfusion and substrate metabolism; (2) computed tomography to assess tissue density as an indicator of fat content and browning/ whitening; (3) ultrasounds to examine liver steatosis, stiffness, and inflammation; and (4) magnetic resonance techniques to assess blood oxygenation levels in the brain, liver stiffness, and metabolite contents (triglycerides, fatty acids, glucose, phosphocreatine, ATP, and acetylcarnitine) in a variety of organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy.,The Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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48
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Abstract
Although diabetes is mainly diagnosed based on elevated glucose levels, dyslipidemia is also observed in these patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a frequent occurrence in patients with diabetes, is associated with major abnormalities in circulating lipoproteins and renal lipid metabolism. At baseline, most renal epithelial cells rely on fatty acids as their energy source. CKD, including that which occurs in diabetes, is characterized by tubule epithelial lipid accumulation. Whether this is due to increased uptake or greater local fatty acid synthesis is unknown. We have recently shown that CKD also leads to decreased fatty acid oxidation, which might be an additional mechanism leading to lipid accumulation. Defective fatty acid utilization causes energy depletion resulting in increased apoptosis and dedifferentiation, which in turn contributes to fibrosis and CKD progression. Enhanced fatty acid oxidation in the kidney induced by fenofibrate, a peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α agonist, showed benefit in mouse models of CKD. Fenofibrate treatment also reduced albuminuria in patients with diabetes in multiple clinical trials. Taken together, these findings suggest that further understanding of lipid metabolism in diabetic kidney disease may lead to novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisztian Stadler
- Oxidative Stress and Disease Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Ira J. Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Division of Nephrology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 405 Clinical Research Building, 415 CRB, 415 Curie Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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49
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Nowling TK, Mather AR, Thiyagarajan T, Hernández-Corbacho MJ, Powers TW, Jones EE, Snider AJ, Oates JC, Drake RR, Siskind LJ. Renal glycosphingolipid metabolism is dysfunctional in lupus nephritis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:1402-13. [PMID: 25270066 PMCID: PMC4446878 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014050508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly one half of patients with lupus develop glomerulonephritis (GN), which often leads to renal failure. Although nephritis is diagnosed by the presence of proteinuria, the pathology of nephritis can fall into one of five classes defined by different forms of tissue injury, and the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis are not completely understood. Glycosphingolipids are abundant in the kidney, have roles in many cellular functions, and were shown to be involved in other renal diseases. Here, we show dysfunctional glycosphingolipid metabolism in patients with lupus nephritis and MRL/lpr lupus mice. Specifically, we found that glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and lactosylceramide (LacCer) levels are significantly higher in the kidneys of nephritic MRL/lpr lupus mice than the kidneys of non-nephritic lupus mice or healthy controls. This elevation may be, in part, caused by altered transcriptional regulation and/or activity of LacCer synthase (GalT5) and neuraminidase 1, enzymes that mediate glycosphingolipid metabolism. We show increased neuraminidase 1 activity early during the progression of nephritis (before significant elevation of GlcCer and LacCer in the kidney). Elevated levels of urinary LacCer were detected before proteinuria in lupus mice. Notably, LacCer levels were higher in the urine and kidneys of patients with lupus and nephritis than patients with lupus without nephritis or healthy controls. Together, these results show early and significant dysfunction of the glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway in the kidneys of lupus mice and patients with lupus nephritis and suggest that molecules in this pathway may serve as early markers in lupus nephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara K Nowling
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology and
| | | | | | | | - Thomas W Powers
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - E Ellen Jones
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York; Research Service, Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York; and
| | - Jim C Oates
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology and
| | - Richard R Drake
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Leah J Siskind
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and the James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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50
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Declèves AE, Zolkipli Z, Satriano J, Wang L, Nakayama T, Rogac M, Le TP, Nortier JL, Farquhar MG, Naviaux RK, Sharma K. Regulation of lipid accumulation by AMP-activated kinase [corrected] in high fat diet-induced kidney injury. Kidney Int 2014; 85:611-23. [PMID: 24304883 PMCID: PMC4244908 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2013.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an important energy sensor that may be critical in regulating renal lipid accumulation. To evaluate the role of AMPK in mediating renal lipid accumulation, C57BL/6J mice were randomized to a standard diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet plus AICAR (an AMPK activator) for 14 weeks. Renal functional and structural studies along with electron microscopy were performed. Mice given the high-fat diet had proximal tubule injury with the presence of enlarged clear vacuoles, and multilaminar inclusions concurrent with an increase of tissue lipid and overloading of the lysosomal system. The margins of the clear vacuoles were positive for the endolysosomal marker, LAMP1, suggesting lysosome accumulation. Characterization of vesicles by special stains (Oil Red O, Nile Red, Luxol Fast Blue) and by electron microscopy showed they contained onion skin-like accumulations consistent with phospholipids. Moreover, cholesteryl esters and phosphatidylcholine-containing phospholipids were significantly increased in the kidneys of mice on a high-fat diet. AMPK activation with chronic AICAR treatment prevented the clinical and structural effects of high-fat diet. Thus, high-fat diet contributes to a dysfunction of the lysosomal system and altered lipid metabolism characterized by cholesterol and phospholipid accumulation in the kidney. AMPK activation normalizes the changes in renal lipid content despite chronic exposure to lipid challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Emilie Declèves
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zarazuela Zolkipli
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joseph Satriano
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lin Wang
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Tomohiro Nakayama
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mihael Rogac
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Thuy P. Le
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joëlle L. Nortier
- Laboratory of Experimental Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marilyn G. Farquhar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert K. Naviaux
- The Mitochondrial and Metabolic Disease Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Center for Renal Translational Medicine, Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Division of Nephrology-Hypertension, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, California, USA
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