1
|
Purbantoro SD, Taephatthanasagon T, Purwaningrum M, Hirankanokchot T, Peralta S, Fiani N, Sawangmake C, Rattanapuchpong S. Trends of regenerative tissue engineering for oral and maxillofacial reconstruction in veterinary medicine. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1325559. [PMID: 38450027 PMCID: PMC10915013 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1325559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral and maxillofacial (OMF) defects are not limited to humans and are often encountered in other species. Reconstructing significant tissue defects requires an excellent strategy for efficient and cost-effective treatment. In this regard, tissue engineering comprising stem cells, scaffolds, and signaling molecules is emerging as an innovative approach to treating OMF defects in veterinary patients. This review presents a comprehensive overview of OMF defects and tissue engineering principles to establish proper treatment and achieve both hard and soft tissue regeneration in veterinary practice. Moreover, bench-to-bedside future opportunities and challenges of tissue engineering usage are also addressed in this literature review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Dwi Purbantoro
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Teeanutree Taephatthanasagon
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Medania Purwaningrum
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Thanyathorn Hirankanokchot
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Santiago Peralta
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Nadine Fiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Chenphop Sawangmake
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Rattanapuchpong
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Innovation Center (VSCBIC), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Veterinary Stem Cell and Bioengineering Research Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Academic Affairs, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ivanova Z, Petrova V, Grigorova N, Vachkova E. Identification of the Reference Genes for Relative qRT-PCR Assay in Two Experimental Models of Rabbit and Horse Subcutaneous ASCs. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2292. [PMID: 38396967 PMCID: PMC10889259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Obtaining accurate and reliable gene expression results in real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) data analysis requires appropriate normalization by carefully selected reference genes, either a single or a combination of multiple housekeeping genes (HKGs). The optimal reference gene/s for normalization should demonstrate stable expression across varying conditions to diminish potential influences on the results. Despite the extensive database available, research data are lacking regarding the most appropriate HKGs for qRT-PCR data analysis in rabbit and horse adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs). Therefore, in our study, we comprehensively assessed and compared the suitability of some widely used HKGs, employing RefFinder and NormFinder, two extensively acknowledged algorithms for robust data interpretation. The rabbit and horse ASCs were obtained from subcutaneous stromal vascular fraction. ASCs were induced into tri-lineage differentiation, followed by the eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) treatment of the adipose-differentiated rabbit ASCs, while horse experimental groups were formed based on adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation. At the end of the experiment, the total mRNA was obtained and used for the gene expression evaluation of the observed factors. According to our findings, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase was identified as the most appropriate endogenous control gene for rabbit ASCs, while hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase was deemed most suitable for horse ASCs. The obtained results underscore that these housekeeping genes exhibit robust stability across diverse experimental conditions, remaining unaltered by the treatments. In conclusion, the current research can serve as a valuable baseline reference for experiments evaluating gene expression in rabbit and horse ASCs. It highlights the critical consideration of housekeeping gene abundance and stability in qPCR experiments, emphasizing the need for an individualized approach tailored to the specific requirements of the study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenya Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (V.P.); (N.G.); (E.V.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Taguchi T, Lopez M, Takawira C. Viable tendon neotissue from adult adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 11:1290693. [PMID: 38260742 PMCID: PMC10800559 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1290693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Tendon healing is frequently prolonged, unpredictable, and results in poor tissue quality. Neotissue formed by adult multipotent stromal cells has the potential to guide healthy tendon tissue formation. Objectives: The objective of this study was to characterize tendon neotissue generated by equine adult adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells (ASCs) on collagen type I (COLI) templates under 10% strain in a novel bioreactor. The tested hypothesis was that ASCs assume a tendon progenitor cell-like morphology, express tendon-related genes, and produce more organized extracellular matrix (ECM) in tenogenic versus stromal medium with perfusion and centrifugal fluid motion. Methods: Equine ASCs on COLI sponge cylinders were cultured in stromal or tenogenic medium within bioreactors during combined perfusion and centrifugal fluid motion for 7, 14, or 21 days under 10% strain. Viable cell distribution and number, tendon-related gene expression, and micro- and ultra-structure were evaluated with calcein-AM/EthD-1 staining, resazurin reduction, RT-PCR, and light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy. Fibromodulin was localized with immunohistochemistry. Cell number and gene expression were compared between culture media and among culture periods (p < 0.05). Results: Viable cells were distributed throughout constructs for up to 21 days of culture, and cell numbers were higher in tenogenic medium. Individual cells had a round or rhomboid shape with scant ECM in stromal medium in contrast to clusters of parallel, elongated cells surrounded by highly organized ECM in tenogenic medium after 21 days of culture. Transcription factor, extracellular matrix, and mature tendon gene expression profiles confirmed ASC differentiation to a tendon progenitor-like cell in tenogenic medium. Construct micro- and ultra-structure were consistent with tendon neotissue and fibromodulin was present in the ECM after culture in tenogenic medium. Conclusion: Long-term culture in custom bioreactors with combined perfusion and centrifugal tenogenic medium circulation supports differentiation of equine adult ASCs into tendon progenitor-like cells capable of neotissue formation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Nascimento C, Saraiva MVA, Pereira VM, de Brito DCC, de Aguiar FLN, Alves BG, Roballo KCS, de Figueiredo JR, Ambrósio CE, Rodrigues APR. Addition of synthetic polymer in the freezing solution of mesenchymal stem cells from equine adipose tissue as a future perspective for reducing of DMSO concentration. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2023; 45:e002523. [PMID: 38162818 PMCID: PMC10756151 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm002523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The regenerative therapies with stem cells (SC) has been increased by the cryopreservation, permitting cell storage for extended periods. However, the permeating cryoprotectant agents (CPAs) such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) can cause severe adverse effects. Therefore, this study evaluated equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (eAT-MSCs) in fresh (Control) or after slow freezing (SF) in different freezing solutions (FS). The FS comprise DMSO and non-permeating CPAs [Trehalose (T) and the SuperCool X-1000 (X)] in association or not, totalizing seven different FS: (DMSO; T; X; DMSO+T; DMSO+X; T+X, and DMSO+T+X). Before and after cryopreservation were evaluated, viability, colony forming unit (CFU), and cellular differentiation capacity. After freezing-thawing, the viability of the eAT-MSCs reduced (P< 0.05) in all treatments compared to the control. However, the viability of frozen eAT-MSCs in DMSO (80.3 ± 0.6) was superior (P<0.05) to the other FS. Regarding CFU, no difference (P>0.05) was observed between fresh and frozen cells. After freezing-thawing, the eAT-MSCs showed osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages differentiation potential. Nonetheless, despite the significative reduction in the osteogenic differentiation capacity between fresh and frozen cells, no differences (P > 0.05) were observed among FS. Furthermore, the number of chondrogenic differentiation cells frozen in DMSO+X solution reduced (P<0.05) comparing to the control, without differ (P>0.05) to the other FS. The adipogenic differentiation did not differ (P>0.05) among treatments. In conclusion, although these findings confirm the success of DMSO to cryopreserve eAT-MSCs, the Super Cool X-1000 could be a promise to reduce the DMSO concentration in a FS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Nascimento
- Veterinarian, MSc. Laboratório de Manipulação de Oócitos e Folículos Pré-Antrais Ovarianos (LAMOFOPA), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil;
| | | | - Vitoria Mattos Pereira
- Veterinarian, MSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Benner Geraldo Alves
- Veterinarian, DSc. Laboratório de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil;
| | - Kelly Cristine Santos Roballo
- Veterinarian, DSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil;
| | - José Ricardo de Figueiredo
- Veterinarian, DSc. LAMOFOPA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Veterinarian, DSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Ribeiro Rodrigues
- Veterinarian, DSc. LAMOFOPA, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferreira-Baptista C, Ferreira R, Fernandes MH, Gomes PS, Colaço B. Influence of the Anatomical Site on Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Cells' Biological Profile and Osteogenic Potential in Companion Animals. Vet Sci 2023; 10:673. [PMID: 38133224 PMCID: PMC10747344 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) have generated considerable interest in the field of veterinary medicine, particularly for their potential in therapeutic strategies focused on bone regeneration. These cells possess unique biological characteristics, including their regenerative capacity and their ability to produce bioactive molecules. However, it is crucial to recognize that the characteristics of ADSCs can vary depending on the animal species and the site from which they are derived, such as the subcutaneous and visceral regions (SCAT and VAT, respectively). Thus, the present work aimed to comprehensively review the different traits of ADSCs isolated from diverse anatomical sites in companion animals, i.e., dogs, cats, and horses, in terms of immunophenotype, morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation potential. The findings indicate that the immunophenotype, proliferation, and osteogenic potential of ADSCs differ according to tissue origin and species. Generally, the proliferation rate is higher in VAT-derived ADSCs in dogs and horses, whereas in cats, the proliferation rate appears to be similar in both cells isolated from SCAT and VAT regions. In terms of osteogenic differentiation potential, VAT-derived ADSCs demonstrate the highest capability in cats, whereas SCAT-derived ADSCs exhibit superior potential in horses. Interestingly, in dogs, VAT-derived cells appear to have greater potential than those isolated from SCAT. Within the VAT, ADSCs derived from the falciform ligament and omentum show increased osteogenic potential, compared to cells isolated from other anatomical locations. Consequently, considering these disparities, optimizing isolation protocols becomes pivotal, tailoring them to the specific target species and therapeutic aims, and judiciously selecting the anatomical site for ADSC isolation. This approach holds promise to enhance the efficacy of ADSCs-based bone regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ferreira-Baptista
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- BoneLab—Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.F.); (P.S.G.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Rita Ferreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Maria Helena Fernandes
- BoneLab—Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.F.); (P.S.G.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Sousa Gomes
- BoneLab—Laboratory for Bone Metabolism and Regeneration, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-393 Porto, Portugal; (M.H.F.); (P.S.G.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, University of Porto, 4100-007 Porto, Portugal
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li H, Xiong S, Masieri FF, Monika S, Lethaus B, Savkovic V. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Equine Hair Follicles Using a Method of Air-Liquid Interface. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2943-2956. [PMID: 37733199 PMCID: PMC10661790 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10619-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Equine mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) of various origins have been identified in horses, including MSCs from the bone marrow and adipose tissue. However, these stem cell sources are highly invasive in sampling, which thereby limits their clinical application in equine veterinary medicine. This study presents a novel method using an air-liquid interface to isolate stem cells from the hair follicle outer root sheath of the equine forehead skin. These stem cells cultured herewith showed high proliferation and asumed MSC phenotype by expressing MSC positive biomarkers (CD29, CD44 CD90) while not expressing negative markers (CD14, CD34 and CD45). They were capable of differentiating towards chondrogenic, osteogenic and adipogenic lineages, which was comparable with MSCs from adipose tissue. Due to their proliferative phenotype in vitro, MSC-like profile and differentiation capacities, we named them equine mesenchymal stem cells from the hair follicle outer root sheath (eMSCORS). eMSCORS present a promising alternative stem cell source for the equine veterinary medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanluo Li
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei Province, China
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shiwen Xiong
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, Hubei Province, China
| | | | - Seltenhammer Monika
- Institute of Livestock Sciences (NUWI), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33/II, A-1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vuk Savkovic
- Department of Cranial Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Clinic Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Salz RO, Elliott CRB, Zuffa T, Bennet ED, Ahern BJ. Treatment of racehorse superficial digital flexor tendonitis: A comparison of stem cell treatments to controlled exercise rehabilitation in 213 cases. Equine Vet J 2023; 55:979-987. [PMID: 36604727 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overstrain of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is a common Thoroughbred racehorse limb injury requiring treatment. OBJECTIVES To determine whether treatment of SDFT lesions in flat Thoroughbred racehorses with autologous bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) or allogenic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (A-MSCs) is associated with improved likelihood of returning to racing, when compared to racehorses managed with a controlled exercise rehabilitation program (CERP) alone. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study combining clinical treatment records with race records. METHODS A total of 213 Thoroughbred racehorses were identified. All were prescribed the same 12-month CERP and 66 also received intralesional BM-MSC and 17 A-MSC treatment. Follow-up was a minimum of 2 years after return to full race training. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate associations between the treatments and the likelihood of returning to racing and completing five or more (C5+) races post-injury. RESULTS Compared to CERP alone, BM-MSC treatment was associated with increased odds of returning to racing (OR 3.19; 95% CI 1.55-6.81) and C5+ races post-injury (OR 2.64; 95% CI 1.32-5.33). Older age and increasing lesion length were associated with a reduced likelihood of returning to racing. Male sex and increased number of pre-injury starts were associated with increased odds of returning to racing. There was no observed increased likelihood of return to racing or C5+ races associated with treatment with A-MSCs compared to CERP alone. MAIN LIMITATIONS Due to the retrospective nature of the study it was not possible to ascertain how strictly the CERP was followed. Due to the novelty of the method, the A-MSC treatment group included a limited number of horses. CONCLUSIONS In the study population, intralesional BM-MSC treatment was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of returning to racing and C5+ races post-injury compared to CERP alone. Intralesional A-MSC showed no significant association between treatment and the two investigated outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel O Salz
- REC Equine Specialists, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Tomas Zuffa
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Euan D Bennet
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Benjamin J Ahern
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pechanec MY, Beall JM, Katzman S, Maga EA, Mienaltowski MJ. Examining the Effects of In Vitro Co-Culture of Equine Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells With Tendon Proper and Peritenon Cells. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 126:104262. [PMID: 36841345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Tendinopathies remain the leading contributor to career-ending injuries in horses because of the complexity of tendon repair. As such, cell-based therapies like injections of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs, or MSCs) into injured tendons are becoming increasingly popular though their long-term efficacy on a molecular and wholistic level remains contentious. Thus, we co-cultured equine MSCs with intrinsic (tendon proper) and extrinsic (peritenon) tendon cell populations to examine interactions between these cells. Gene expression for common tenogenic, perivascular, and differentiation markers was quantified at 48 and 120 hours. Additionally, cellular metabolism of proliferation was examined every 24 hours for peritenon and tendon proper cells co-cultured with MSCs. MSCs co-cultured with tendon proper or peritenon cells had altered expression profiles demonstrating trend toward tenogenic phenotype with the exception of decreases in type I collagen (COL1A1). Peritenon cells co-cultured with MSCs had a trending and significant decrease in biglycan (BGN) and CSPG4 at 48 hours and 120 hours but overall significant increases in lysyl oxidase (LOX), mohawk (MKX), and scleraxis (SCX) within 48 hours. Tendon proper cells co-cultured with MSCs also exhibited increases in LOX and SCX at 48 hours. Furthermore, cell proliferation improved overall for tendon proper cells co-cultured with MSCs. The co-culture study results suggest that adipose-derived MSCs contribute beneficially to tenogenic stimulation of peritenon or tendon proper cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Y Pechanec
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Jessica M Beall
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Scott Katzman
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Elizabeth A Maga
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zahran EM, Mohyeldin RH, El-Mordy FMA, Maher SA, Tammam OY, Saber EA, Altemani FH, Algehainy NA, Alanazi MA, Jalal MM, Elrehany MA, Abdelmohsen UR. Wound Restorative Power of Halimeda macroloba/ Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Immunocompromised Rats via Downregulating Inflammatory/Immune Cross Talk. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:336. [PMID: 37367661 DOI: 10.3390/md21060336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired skin wound healing is still a major challenge, especially with immunocompromised patients who express delayed healing and are susceptible to infections. Injection of rat-derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) via the tail vein accelerates cutaneous wound healing via their paracrine activity. The present work aimed to investigate the combined wound-healing potential of BMMSCs and Halimeda macroloba algae extract in immunocompromised rats. High-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HR-LC-MS) investigation of the extract revealed the presence of variant phytochemicals, mostly phenolics, and terpenoids, known for their angiogenic, collagen-stimulating, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The BMMSCs were isolated and characterized for CD markers, where they showed a positive expression of CD90 by 98.21% and CD105 by 97.1%. Twelve days after inducing immunocompromise (40 mg/kg hydrocortisone daily), a circular excision was created in the dorsal skin of rats and the treatments were continued for 16 days. The studied groups were sampled on days 4, 8, 12, and 16 after wounding. The gross/histopathological results revealed that the wound closure (99%), thickness, density of new epidermis and dermis, and skin elasticity in the healed wounds were considerably higher in the BMMSCs/Halimeda group than the control group (p < 0.05). RT-PCR gene expression analysis revealed that the BMMSCs/Halimeda extract combination had perfectly attenuated oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and NF-KB activation at day 16 of wounding. The combination holds promise for regenerative medicine, representing a revolutionary step in the wound healing of immunocompromised patients, with still a need for safety assessments and further clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman Maher Zahran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Reham H Mohyeldin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Fatma Mohamed Abd El-Mordy
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Sherif A Maher
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, New Valley 72713, Egypt
| | - Omar Y Tammam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, New Valley University, New Valley 72713, Egypt
| | - Entesar Ali Saber
- Department of Medical Science, Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, New Minia City 61111, Egypt
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh A Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alanazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Jalal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Elrehany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Petrova V, Vachkova E. Outlook of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Challenges to Their Clinical Application in Horses. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10050348. [PMID: 37235430 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10050348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is recognized as the major endocrine organ, potentially acting as a source of mesenchymal stem cells for various applications in regenerative medicine. Athletic horses are often exposed to traumatic injuries, resulting in severe financial losses. The development of adipose-derived stem cells' regenerative potential depends on many factors. The extraction of stem cells from subcutaneous adipose tissue is non-invasive, non-traumatic, cheaper, and safer than other sources. Since there is a lack of unique standards for identification, the isolated cells and applied differentiation protocols are often not species-specific; therefore, the cells cannot reveal their multipotent properties, so their stemness features remain questionable. The current review discusses some aspects of the specificity of equine adipose stem cells concerning their features, immunophenotyping, secretome profile, differentiation abilities, culturing conditions, and consequent possibilities for clinical application in concrete disorders. The presented new approaches elucidate the possibility of the transition from cell-based to cell-free therapy with regenerative purposes in horses as an alternative treatment to cellular therapy. In conclusion, their clinical benefits should not be underestimated due to the higher yield and the physiological properties of adipose-derived stem cells that facilitate the healing and tissue regeneration process and the ability to amplify the effects of traditional treatments. More profound studies are necessary to apply these innovative approaches when treating traumatic disorders in racing horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Petrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Ekaterina Vachkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology and Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Safety and Efficacy of Autologous Stem Cell Treatment for Facetogenic Chronic Back Pain. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030436. [PMID: 36983621 PMCID: PMC10058908 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic back pain due to facet joint syndrome is a common and debilitating condition. Advances in regenerative medicine have shown that autologous unmodified adipose tissue-derived regenerative cells (ADRC) provide several beneficial effects. These regenerative cells can differentiate into various tissues and exhibit a strong anti-inflammatory potential. ADRCs can be obtained from a small amount of fatty tissue derived from the patient’s abdominal fat. Methods: We report long-term results of 37 patients (age 31–78 years, mean 62.5) suffering from “Facet Joint Syndrome” The pathology was confirmed by clinical, radiological examinations and fluoroscopically guided test injections. Then, liposuction was performed. An amount of 50–100 cc of fat was harvested. To recover stem cells from adipose tissue, we use the CE-certified Transpose RT™ system from InGeneron GmbH. The cells were then injected under fluoroscopic control in the periarticular fat. Follow-up examinations were performed at 1 week, 1 year, and 5 years. Results: Every patient reported improved VAS pain at any follow-up (1 week, 1 year, and 5 years) with ADRCs compared to the baseline. Conclusions: Our observational data indicate that facet joint syndrome patients treated with unmodified adipose tissue-derived regenerative cells experience improved the quality of life in the long term.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ozden Akkaya O, Dikmen T, Nawaz S, Kibria AG, Altunbaş K, Yağci A, Erdoğan M, Yaprakci MV. Comparison of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential of bovine adipose tissue and bone marrow derived stem cells. Biotech Histochem 2023; 98:267-279. [PMID: 36815431 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2177347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow derived stem cells (BMSC) are the most utilized cell type in the field of bone regeneration. Although BMSC are both safe and efficacious, the search for alternative sources for stem cells continues. We investigated bovine BMSC and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (ATSC) using immunofluorescence and PCR. We further compared the osteogenic differentiation potentials of both sources of stem cells. We assessed alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme levels and calcium deposition in differentiating cells at days 7, 14 and 21 to compare the osteogenic differentiation capability of both cell types. We found that ATSC expressed significantly higher ALP levels compared to BMSC throughout osteogenic differentiation. Calcium deposition was greater in ATSC than BMSC at days 7 and 14. By the end of day 21, BMSC produced greater calcium deposition. We found that ATSC undergo osteogenic differentiation more rapidly than BMSC, but BMSC provide greater mineralization over longer periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Ozden Akkaya
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Tayfun Dikmen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asm Golam Kibria
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye.,Department of Anatomy and Histology, Chattogram University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Korhan Altunbaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Artay Yağci
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Milas Veterinary Faculty, Mugla Sıtkı Kocman University, Mugla, Türkiye
| | - Metin Erdoğan
- Department of Veterinary Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| | - Mustafa Volkan Yaprakci
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Andrietti ALP, Durgam SS, Naumann B, Stewart M. Basal and inducible Osterix expression reflect equine mesenchymal progenitor cell osteogenic capacity. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1125893. [PMID: 37035801 PMCID: PMC10076790 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1125893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells are characterized by their capacities for extensive proliferation through multiple passages and, classically, tri-lineage differentiation along osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages. This study was carried out to compare osteogenesis in equine bone marrow-, synovium- and adipose-derived cells, and to determine whether osteogenic capacity is reflected in the basal expression of the critical osteogenic transcription factors Runx2 and Osterix. Methods Bone marrow, synovium and adipose tissue was collected from six healthy 2-year-old horses. Cells were isolated from these sources and expanded through two passages. Basal expression of Runx2 and Osterix was assessed in undifferentiated third passage cells, along with their response to osteogenic culture conditions. Results Bone marrow-derived cells had significantly higher basal expression of Osterix, but not Runx2. In osteogenic medium, bone-marrow cells rapidly developed dense, multicellular aggregates that stained strongly for mineral and alkaline phosphatase activity. Synovial and adipose cell cultures showed far less matrix mineralization. Bone marrow cells significantly up-regulated alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression and enzymatic activity at 7 and 14 days. Alkaline phosphatase expression and activity were increased in adipose cultures after 14 days, although these values were less than in bone marrow cultures. There was no change in alkaline phosphatase in synovial cultures. In osteogenic medium, bone marrow cultures increased both Runx2 and Osterix mRNA expression significantly at 7 and 14 days. Expression of both transcription factors did not change in synovial or adipose cultures. Discussion These results demonstrate that basal Osterix expression differs significantly in progenitor cells derived from different tissue sources and reflects the osteogenic potential of the cell populations.
Collapse
|
14
|
Bagge J, Berg LC, Janes J, MacLeod JN. Donor age effects on in vitro chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation performance of equine bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:388. [PMID: 36329434 PMCID: PMC9632053 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone marrow (BM)- and adipose tissue (AT)-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown potential as cell-based therapies for cartilage and bone injuries and are used increasingly in human and veterinary practice to facilitate the treatment of orthopedic conditions. However, human and rodent studies have documented a sharp decline in chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential with increasing donor age, which may be problematic for the important demographic of older orthopedic patients. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of donor age on the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation performance of equine BM- and AT-MSCs in vitro. BM- and AT-MSCs and dermal fibroblasts (biological negative control) were harvested from horses in five different age groups (n = 4, N = 60); newborn (0 days), yearling (15-17 months), adult (5-8 years), middle-aged (12-18 years), and geriatric (≥ 22 years). Chondrogenic differentiation performance was assessed quantitatively by measuring pellet size, matrix proteoglycan levels, and gene expression of articular cartilage biomarkers. Osteogenic differentiation performance was assessed quantitatively by measuring alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and gene expression of bone biomarkers. RESULTS Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation performance of equine BM- and AT-MSCs declined with increasing donor age. BM-MSCs had a higher chondrogenic differentiation performance. AT-MSCs showed minimal chondrogenic differentiation performance in all age groups. For osteogenesis, alkaline phosphatase activity was also higher in BM-MSCs, but BM-MSCs calcium deposition was affected by donor age earlier than AT-MSCs. Chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation performance of BM-MSCs exhibited a decline as early as between the newborn and yearling samples. Steady state levels of mRNA encoding growth factors, chondrogenic, and osteogenic biomarkers were lower with increasing donor age in both MSC types. CONCLUSIONS The data showed that chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation performance of equine BM-MSCs declined already in yearlings, and that AT-MSCs showed minimal chondrogenic potential, but were affected later by donor age with regards to osteogenesis (calcium deposition). The results highlight the importance of donor age considerations and MSC selection for cell-based treatment of orthopedic injuries and will help inform clinicians on when to implement or potentially cryopreserve cells. Moreover, the study provides molecular targets affected by donor age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bagge
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark ,grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Rd, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
| | - Lise Charlotte Berg
- grid.5254.60000 0001 0674 042XDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Agrovej 8, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Jennifer Janes
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, 1490 Bull Lea Rd, Lexington, KY 40511 USA
| | - James N. MacLeod
- grid.266539.d0000 0004 1936 8438Department of Veterinary Science, Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, 1400 Nicholasville Rd, Lexington, KY 40546 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schroers M, Schermuck Y, Steigmeier‐Raith S, Waselau A, Meyer‐Lindenberg A. Rapid autologous point‐of‐care transplantation of the adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction in a dog with cubarthrosis. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Schroers
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Yyonne Schermuck
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Stephanie Steigmeier‐Raith
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Anja‐Christina Waselau
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| | - Andrea Meyer‐Lindenberg
- Clinic for Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Veterinary Faculty Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Comparison of Sources and Methods for the Isolation of Equine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells and Preliminary Results on Their Reaction to Incubation with 5-Azacytidine. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162049. [PMID: 36009640 PMCID: PMC9404420 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The function of the equine heart is different from that in other species, and a species-specific in vitro model would simplify investigations in the field of equine cardiology. The recent advances in stem cell research and the availability of adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) could be a promising starting point for the development of such an in vitro model. In order to test the hypothesis that equine ASCs can be differentiated into cells resembling heart cells, we isolated ASCs from abdominal, retrobulbar, and subcutaneous adipose tissue after collagenase digestion or from direct cultivation of explants. Both techniques resulted in similar yields of cells displaying morphological, immunophenotypical, and molecular biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. Abdominal adipose tissue was found to be most suitable for ASC isolation in equines. However, contrasting earlier studies performed with ASCs from other species, equine ASCs were refractory to 5-azacytidine-induced upregulation of markers characteristic for the differentiation into heart cells. Hence, further studies are required to establish equine cardiomyocyte induction. Abstract Physiological particularities of the equine heart justify the development of an in vitro model suitable for investigations of the species-specific equine cardiac electrophysiology. Adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) could be a promising starting point from which to develop such a cardiomyocyte (CM)-like cell model. Therefore, we compared abdominal, retrobulbar, and subcutaneous adipose tissue as sources for the isolation of ASCs applying two isolation methods: the collagenase digestion and direct explant culture. Abdominal adipose tissue was most suitable for the isolation of ASCs and both isolation methods resulted in comparable yields of CD45-/CD34-negative cells expressing the mesenchymal stem cell markers CD29, CD44, and CD90, as well as pluripotency markers, as determined by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR. However, exposure of equine ASCs to 5-azacytidine (5-AZA), reportedly inducing CM differentiation from rats, rabbits, and human ASCs, was not successful in our study. More precisely, neither the early differentiation markers GATA4 and NKX2-5, nor the late CM differentiation markers TNNI3, MYH6, and MYH7 were upregulated in equine ASCs exposed to 10 µM 5-AZA for 48 h. Hence, further work focusing on the optimal conditions for CM differentiation of equine stem cells derived from adipose tissue, as well as possibly from other origins, are needed.
Collapse
|
17
|
Cacciamali A, Pascucci L, Villa R, Dotti S. Engineered nanoparticles toxicity on adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells: A preliminary investigation. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:134-149. [PMID: 35969916 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscience and nanotechnologies have recently gained importance in several fields, such as industry and medicine. A big issue of the increasing application of nanomaterials is the poor literature regarding their potential toxicity in humans and animals. Recently, adult stem cells have been proposed as putative targets of nanoparticles (NPs). This study aims to investigate the effects of zerovalent-metallic NPs on isolated and amplified equine Adipose tissue derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (eAdMSCs). Cells were treated with Cobalt (Co-), Iron (Fe-), and Nickel (Ni-) nanoparticles (NPs) at different concentrations and were characterized for the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of exposure. Treatment with NPs resulted in reduced cell viability and proliferative capability in comparison with untreated cells. However, this did not influence eAdMSCs potency, as treated cells were able to differentiate towards the adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. Ni- and Fe-NPs showed cytoplasmic localization, while Co-NPs entered the nucleus and mitochondria, suggesting a potential genotoxic activity. Regarding p53 expression, it was enhanced in the first 48 h after treatments, with a drastic reduction of expression within 72 h. Higher p53 expression was reported in the case of Co-NP treatment, suggesting the tumorigenic potential of these NPs. Telomerase activity was enhanced by Fe- and Ni-NP treatments in a concentration- and time-dependent way. This was not true for Co-NP treated samples, suggesting a reduced replicative capacity of eAdMSCs upon Co-NP exposure. The present study is a preliminary investigation of the influence exerted by NPs on eAdMSC physiological activity in terms of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. The present results revealed eAdMSC physiology to be strongly influenced by NPs in a dose-, time- and NP-dependent way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cacciamali
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Laboratorio di Controllo di Prodotti Biologici, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Metodi Alternativi, Benessere e Cura degli Animali da Laboratorio, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Luisa Pascucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Villa
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Laboratorio di Controllo di Prodotti Biologici, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Metodi Alternativi, Benessere e Cura degli Animali da Laboratorio, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Silvia Dotti
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Laboratorio di Controllo di Prodotti Biologici, Centro di Referenza Nazionale per i Metodi Alternativi, Benessere e Cura degli Animali da Laboratorio, 25124 Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
How to maintain and transport equine adipose tissue for isolating mesenchymal stem cells? BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:284. [PMID: 35864533 PMCID: PMC9306088 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03379-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue (AT) is one of the most important mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources because of its high quantities, availability and ease of collection. After being collected samples, they should be transported to a laboratory for stem cell (SC) isolation, culture and expansion for future clinical application. Usually, laboratories are distant from animal husbandry centers; therefore, it is necessary to provide suitable conditions for adipose tissue transportation, such that adipose-derived MSCs are minimally affected. In the current study, the impact of tissue maintenance under different conditions on MSCs derived from these tissues was evaluated. We aimed at finding suitable and practical transportation methods in which ASCs go through the slightest changes. RESULTS In the current study, after being collected, equine AT was randomized into eight groups: four samples were maintained in stem cell culture media at 25 οC and 4 οC for 6 and 12 hrs. as transportation via SC media groups. Three samples were frozen at three different temperatures (- 20, - 75 and - 196 οC) as cryopreserved groups; these samples were defrosted 1 week after cryopreservation. Fresh and unfrozen AT was evaluated as a control group. The tissue samples were then initiated into enzymatic digestion, isolation and the culturing of SCs. Cells at passage three were used to evaluate the ability to form colonies, proliferation rate, plotting of the cell growth curve, and viability rate. All experiments were performed in triplicate. Stem cell isolation was successful in all groups, although purification of SCs from the first series of cryopreservation at - 196 οC and two series of - 20 οC was unsuccessful. There was no significant difference between the surface area of colonies in all groups except for - 20 οC. The growth rate of transportation via stem cell media at 25 οC for 6 hrs. was similar to that of the control group. MTT analysis revealed a significant difference between 25 οC 12 hrs. Group and other experimental groups except for control, 4 οC 12 hrs. and - 196 οC group. CONCLUSION Data have shown freezing at - 75 οC, transportation via stem cell media at 4 οC for 12 hrs. and 25 οC for 6 hrs. are acceptable tissue preservation and transportation methods due to minor effects on MSCs features.
Collapse
|
19
|
Song K, Yang GM, Han J, Gil M, Dayem AA, Kim K, Lim KM, Kang GH, Kim S, Jang SB, Vellingiri B, Cho SG. Modulation of Osteogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells by Co-Treatment with 3, 4'-Dihydroxyflavone, U0126, and N-Acetyl Cysteine. Int J Stem Cells 2022; 15:334-345. [PMID: 35769058 PMCID: PMC9396012 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Flavonoids form the largest group of plant phenols and have various biological and pharmacological activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of a flavonoid, 3, 4’-dihydroxyflavone (3, 4’-DHF) on osteogenic differentiation of equine adipose-derived stromal cells (eADSCs). Methods and Results Treatment of 3, 4’-DHF led to increased osteogenic differentiation of eADSCs by increasing phosphorylation of ERK and modulating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation. Although PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, suppressed osteogenic differentiation, another ERK inhibitor, U0126, apparently increased osteogenic differentiation of the 3, 4’-DHF-treated eADSCs, which may indicate that the effect of U0126 on bone morphogenetic protein signaling is involved in the regulation of 3, 4’-DHF in osteogenic differentiation of eADSCs. We revealed that 3, 4’-DHF could induce osteogenic differentiation of eADSCs by suppressing ROS generation and co-treatment of 3, 4’-DHF, U0126, and/or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) resulted in the additive enhancement of osteogenic differentiation of eADSCs. Conclusions Our results showed that co-treatment of 3, 4’-DHF, U0126, and/or NAC cumulatively regulated osteogenesis in eADSCs, suggesting that 3, 4’-DHF, a flavonoid, can provide a novel approach to the treatment of osteoporosis and can provide potential therapeutic applications in therapeutics and regenerative medicine for human and companion animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kwonwoo Song
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwang-Mo Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihae Han
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minchan Gil
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahmed Abdal Dayem
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeongseok Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Min Lim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geun-Ho Kang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sejong Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Bin Jang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology and Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heat Shock Alters the Proteomic Profile of Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137233. [PMID: 35806237 PMCID: PMC9267023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to determine the impact of heat stress on cell differentiation in an equine mesenchymal stem cell model (EMSC) through the application of heat stress to primary EMSCs as they progressed through the cell specialization process. A proteomic analysis was performed using mass spectrometry to compare relative protein abundances among the proteomes of three cell types: progenitor EMSCs and differentiated osteoblasts and adipocytes, maintained at 37 °C and 42 °C during the process of cell differentiation. A cell-type and temperature-specific response to heat stress was observed, and many of the specific differentially expressed proteins were involved in cell-signaling pathways such as Notch and Wnt signaling, which are known to regulate cellular development. Furthermore, cytoskeletal proteins profilin, DSTN, SPECC1, and DAAM2 showed increased protein levels in osteoblasts differentiated at 42 °C as compared with 37 °C, and these cells, while they appeared to accumulate calcium, did not organize into a whorl agglomerate as is typically seen at physiological temperatures. This altered proteome composition observed suggests that heat stress could have long-term impacts on cellular development. We propose that this in vitro stem cell culture model of cell differentiation is useful for investigating molecular mechanisms that impact cell development in response to stressors.
Collapse
|
21
|
Taylor SD, Serpa PBS, Santos AP, Hart KA, Vaughn SA, Moore GE, Mukhopadhyay A, Page AE. Effects of intravenous administration of peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells after infusion of lipopolysaccharide in horses. Vet Med (Auckl) 2022; 36:1491-1501. [PMID: 35698909 PMCID: PMC9308407 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systemic and dysregulated immune response to infection contributes to morbidity and mortality associated with sepsis. Peripheral blood-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (PB-MSC) mitigate inflammation in animal models of sepsis. Allogeneic PB-MSC administered IV to horses is well-tolerated but therapeutic benefits are unknown. HYPOTHESIS After IV lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion, horses treated with PB-MSC would have less severe clinical signs, clinicopathological abnormalities, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and oxidative stress compared to controls administered a placebo. ANIMALS Sixteen horses were included in this study. METHODS A randomized placebo-controlled experimental trial was performed. Sixteen healthy horses were assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups (1 × 109 PB-MSC or saline placebo). Treatments were administered 30 minutes after completion of LPS infusion of approximately 30 ng/kg. Clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, inflammatory cytokine gene expression, and oxidative stress markers were assessed at various time points over a 24-hour period. RESULTS A predictable response to IV LPS infusion was observed in all horses. At the dose administered, there was no significant effect of PB-MSC on clinical signs, clinicopathological variables, or inflammatory cytokine gene expression at any time point. Antioxidant potential was not different between treatment groups, but intracellular ROS increased over time in the placebo group. Other variables that changed over time were likely due to effects of IV LPS infusion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Administration of allogeneic PB-MSC did not cause clinically detectable adverse effects in healthy horses. The dose of PB-MSC used here is unlikely to exert a beneficial effect in endotoxemic horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Priscila B S Serpa
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Andrea P Santos
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Kelsey A Hart
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarah A Vaughn
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - George E Moore
- Department of Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Abhijit Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Allen E Page
- Gluck Equine Research Center, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stromal Vascular Fraction and Amniotic Epithelial Cells: Preclinical and Clinical Relevance in Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:6632052. [PMID: 33688354 PMCID: PMC7920739 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal regenerative medicine is mainly based on the use of cell therapy to heal damaged tissues such as bone, cartilage, and tendons. Throughout the years, different cell types have been employed for the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, in particular, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow (BMSCs) and adipose tissue (ADSCs). Though the results of these literature studies have been encouraging, there are some limitations, especially on long-term results. Recently, some interest has shifted towards new cell types such as the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) and amniotic endothelial cells (AECs). The aim of the present literature review is to evaluate preclinical and clinical studies that used SVF and AECs for musculoskeletal tissue regeneration. Forty-eight preclinical and clinical studies, performed in the last 10 years, were identified. Both SVF and AECs, injected or implanted with or without scaffolds, were shown to be valid alternatives, and in some ways superior, to ADSCs and BMSCs, being able to differentiate towards osteogenic, chondrogenic, and tenogenic lineages, and to promote cell and tissue regenerative potential. The use of SVF and AECs could represent a new regenerative treatment in several musculoskeletal pathologies, solving the problem of cell expansion in vitro.
Collapse
|
23
|
Jifcovici A, Solano MA, Fitzpatrick N, Findji L, Blunn G, Sanghani-Kerai A. Comparison of Fat Harvested from Flank and Falciform Regions for Stem Cell Therapy in Dogs. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8020019. [PMID: 33503997 PMCID: PMC7910945 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue has recently gained attention as a source of mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for applications in treating degenerative joint disease in veterinary patients. This study aimed to quantify the stromal vascular fractions (SVFs) and colony forming units (CFU) of AdMSCs from the falciform and flank regions and compare dogs of different ages and weights. Methods: Fat tissue was harvested from the flank (21 dogs) and falciform regions (17 dogs). The fat tissue was enzymatically digested and the number of nucleated cells in the SVF was counted. The SVF was cultured in vitro and the cell growth was assessed by counting the CFU per gram of fat and the aspect ratio of the cells. Conclusions: There was no significant difference in the number of nucleated cells in the SVF from the two sites. The CFU/g of fat from falciform was 378.9 ± 293 g and from flank was 486.8 ± 517 g, and this was also insignificant. Neither age nor weight of the patient had an impact on the SVF or CFU/g. No surgical complications were reported from either of the sites. Harvesting fat for stem cell therapy for intra-articular therapy of degenerative joint disease can be an easy and fast process when obtaining the fat either from the flank or the falciform region, and it is not age or weight dependent. The harvest site for clinical canine patients can be left to the surgeon’s discretion and comfort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Jifcovici
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (N.F.); (L.F.); (A.S.-K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel A. Solano
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (N.F.); (L.F.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Noel Fitzpatrick
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (N.F.); (L.F.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Laurent Findji
- Fitzpatrick Referrals, Surrey GU7 2QQ, UK; (M.A.S.); (N.F.); (L.F.); (A.S.-K.)
| | - Gordon Blunn
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK;
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bagge J, MacLeod JN, Berg LC. Cellular Proliferation of Equine Bone Marrow- and Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Decline With Increasing Donor Age. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:602403. [PMID: 33363241 PMCID: PMC7758322 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.602403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow (BM)- and adipose tissue (AT)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used increasingly for autologous cell therapy in equine practice to treat musculoskeletal and other injuries. Current recommendations often call for 10–100 million MSCs per treatment, necessitating the expansion of primary cells in culture prior to therapeutic use. Of concern, human and rodent studies have shown a decline of both MSC recovery from sampled tissue and in vitro proliferative capacity with increasing donor age. This may be problematic for applications of autologous cell-based therapies in the important equine demographic of older patients. Objectives: To investigate the effect of donor age on the cellular proliferation of equine BM- and AT-MSCs. Study Design:In vitro study. Methods: BM- and AT-MSCs and dermal fibroblasts (biological control) were harvested from horses in five different age groups (n = 4, N = 60); newborn (0 days), yearling (15–17 months), adult (5–8 years), middle-aged (12–18 years), and geriatric (≥22 years). Proliferation of the cells was tested using an EdU incorporation assay and steady state mRNA levels measured for targeted proliferation, aging, and senescence biomarkers. Results: The cellular proliferation of equine BM- and AT-MSCs declined significantly in the geriatric cohort relative to the younger age groups. Proliferation levels in the two MSC types were equally affected by donor age. Analysis of steady state mRNA levels showed an up-regulation in tumor suppressors, apoptotic genes, and multiple growth factors in MSCs from old horses, and a down-regulation of some pro-cycling genes with a few differences between cell types. Main Limitations: Potential age-dependent differences in cell function parameters relevant to cell-therapy application were not investigated. Conclusions: The cellular proliferation of equine BM- and AT-MSCs declined at advanced donor ages. High levels of in vitro proliferation were observed in both MSC types from horses in the age groups below 18 years of age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Bagge
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James N MacLeod
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lise C Berg
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Cabezas J, Rojas D, Wong Y, Telleria F, Manriquez J, Mançanares ACF, Rodriguez-Alvarez LL, Castro FO. In vitro preconditioning of equine adipose mesenchymal stem cells with prostaglandin E 2, substance P and their combination changes the cellular protein secretomics and improves their immunomodulatory competence without compromising stemness. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2020; 228:110100. [PMID: 32871408 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2020.110100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are modern tools in regenerative therapies of humans and animals owed to their immunomodulatory properties, which are activated in a pro-inflammatory environment. Different preconditioning strategies had been devised to enhance the immunomodulatory properties of MSC. In this research, we evaluated the immunological attributes of equine adipose MSC (eAMSC) before and after preconditioning in vitro with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), substance P (SP), their combination and IFNγ. PGE2/SP was the best combination to keep or enhance the mesodermal lineage differentiation of eAMSC. Alongside with this, preconditioning of eMSC with PGE2 and SP did not affect expression of stemness MSC surface phenotype: CD90+, CD44+, MHC class I+, MHC class II- and CD45-, assessed by cytometry. Both naïve and preconditioned eAMSC expressed genes related with immune properties, such as MHC-I, PTGES, IL6, IL1A, TNFα and IL8 assessed by qPCR. Only TNFα was under expressed in treated cells, while the other markers were either overexpressed or not changed. In no cases MHC-II expression was detected. The antiproliferative effect of preconditioned eAMSC exposed to activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed that SP treatment significantly inhibited proliferation of LPS stimulated PBMC. When eAMSC were stimulated with Poly I:C, all the treatments significantly inhibited proliferation of stimulated PBMC (p < 0.05). Direct contact (coculture) between the preconditioned eAMSC and PBMC, induced a shift of significantly more (CD4/CD25/FOXP3)+ T-regulatory PBMC than naïve eAMSC. In the experiments of this research, we investigated the secreted proteomic profile of naïve and preconditioned eAMSC, 42 up-regulated and 40 down-regulated proteins were found in the proteomic assay. Our proteomic data revealed profound changes in the secretory pattern of MSC exposed to different treatments, compared to naïve eAMSC as well as among treatments. In overall, compared to naïve cells, the protein profile of preconditioned cells resembled the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Here we showed that the combined use of PGE2 and SP provoked in overall the highest expression of anti-inflammatory markers as well as lead to an increased acquisition of a T-regulatory phenotype in preconditioned eAMSC without affecting their "stemness".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cabezas
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - D Rojas
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, Chile.
| | - Y Wong
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - F Telleria
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - J Manriquez
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - A C F Mançanares
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - L L Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| | - F O Castro
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnología Animal, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The lack of clear regulations for the use of veterinary stem cells has triggered the commercialization of unproven experimental therapies for companion animal diseases. Adult stem cells have complex biological characteristics that are directly related to the therapeutic application, but several questions remain to be answered. In order to regulate the use of these cells, well-conducted, controlled scientific studies that generate high-quality data should be performed, in order to assess the efficacy and safety of the intended treatment. This paper discusses the scientific challenges of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in veterinary regenerative medicine, and reviews published trials of adipose-tissue-derived stem cells in companion animal diseases that spontaneously occur.
Collapse
|
27
|
Veterinary Regenerative Medicine for Musculoskeletal Disorders: Can Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Their Secretome Be the New Frontier? Cells 2020; 9:cells9061453. [PMID: 32545382 PMCID: PMC7349187 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to restore the normal function of diseased or damaged cells, tissues, and organs using a set of different approaches, including cell-based therapies. In the veterinary field, regenerative medicine is strongly related to the use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which belong to the body repair system and are defined as multipotent progenitor cells, able to self-replicate and to differentiate into different cell types. This review aims to take stock of what is known about the MSCs and their use in the veterinary medicine focusing on clinical reports on dogs and horses in musculoskeletal diseases, a research field extensively reported in the literature data. Finally, a perspective regarding the use of the secretome and/or extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the veterinary field to replace parental MSCs is provided. The pharmaceuticalization of EVs is wished due to the realization of a Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP product suitable for clinical trials.
Collapse
|
28
|
da Silva LL, Silveira MD, da Costa Garcia CAS, Grudzinski PB, Martins CF, Nardi NB. Coronary corium, a new source of equine mesenchymal stromal cells. Vet Res Commun 2020; 44:41-49. [PMID: 32130648 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-020-09771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have attracted great attention for therapeutic applications. Since cells derived from different tissues have different properties, using the right tissue source may impact their efficiency in regenerative medicine. This study describes for the first time the isolation and characterization of MSCs derived from the equine coronary corium, which may be useful for treating diseases such as laminitis. Seven coronary corium samples were used for isolation of cells (ccMSCs). Adherent cells were characterized for morphology, immunophenotype, proliferation and differentiation potential, in vitro migration and colony-forming capacity. The cells displayed the characteristic fibroblastoid morphology, with population doubling time increasing until passage 7 and reaching a plateau in passage 10. Cells were negative for CD14 and CD45, and positive for CD73 and CD90. ccMSCs showed chondrogenic and osteogenic, but not adipogenic differentiation, and migrated with nearly total closing of the empty area in 48 h, in the scratch assay. The clonogenic potential was in average 18% to 23%. This study describes for the first time the establishment of mesenchymal stromal cell cultures from the equine coronary corium. The results are similar to MSCs isolated from many other equine tissues, except for restricted differentiation potential. As coronary corium stem cell regulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of equine chronic laminitis, the use of ccMSCs in cell therapy for this significantly debilitating disease should be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Lopes da Silva
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brazil
| | - Maiele Dornelles Silveira
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil.,CellMed Medicina Regenerativa e Consultoria Científica, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Bencke Grudzinski
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Av Princesa Isabel 395, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-371, Brazil
| | - Charles Ferreira Martins
- Veterinary School, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brazil
| | - Nance Beyer Nardi
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Universidade Luterana do Brasil, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil. .,CellMed Medicina Regenerativa e Consultoria Científica, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil. .,Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Av Princesa Isabel 395, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-371, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oliveira Spila DD, Maranhão RDPA, Ocarino NDM, de Lima JTB, Melo FG, Boeloni JN, Serakides R. Triiodothyronine Has No Enhancement Effect on the Osteogenic or Chondrogenic Differentiation of Equine Adipose Tissue Stem Cells. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 86:102895. [PMID: 32067668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.102895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3; 0.01 and 1,000 nM) on the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation abilities of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) were evaluated. The osteogenic study evaluated the effect of T3 using alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) assay; cell viability and density; and formation of mineralized nodules at Days 7, 14, and 21 in culture. The chondrogenic study tested the effect of T3 through ALP assay, mitochondrial metabolism, cell density, and periodic acid-Schiff-positive (PAS+) matrix percentage at Days 7 and 14. In both experiments, analysis of variance was used to compare averages through the Student-Newman-Keuls test. In the osteogenic study, no differences in any variable were detected between groups at Day 7. At Day 14, 0.01 nM T3 reduced cell density and the number of mineralized nodules despite the increase in ALP activity and mitochondrial metabolism (P < .05). ALP activity increased at 1,000 nM T3 concentration (P < .05). At Day 21, 0.01 nM T3 treatment increased ALP activity compared with control treatment (P < .05). At 1,000 nM concentration, T3 reduced mitochondrial metabolism and cell density (P < .05). In the chondrogenic study, the two T3 concentrations increased cell density compared with control treatment at Day 7. At Day 14, higher T3 concentration reduced mitochondrial metabolism, ALP activity, cell density, and PAS+ chondrogenic matrix percentage compared with control treatment (P < .05). Thus, T3 addition to equine AD-MSC cultures has no enhancement effect on osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation and may, in fact, negatively affect cell density and matrix synthesis depending on hormone concentration and culture time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Débora de Oliveira Spila
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata de Pino Albuquerque Maranhão
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Natália de Melo Ocarino
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jorge Tiburcio Barbosa de Lima
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Gomes Melo
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jankerle Neves Boeloni
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária do CCA/Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Rogéria Serakides
- Núcleo de Células Tronco e Terapia Celular Animal (NCT-TCA) da Escola de Veterinária da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Human Adipose-Derived Hydrogel Characterization Based on In Vitro ASC Biocompatibility and Differentiation. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:9276398. [PMID: 32082388 PMCID: PMC7012213 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9276398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels serve as three-dimensional scaffolds whose composition can be customized to allow attachment and proliferation of several different cell types. Extracellular matrix-derived hydrogels are considered close replicates of the tissue microenvironment. They can serve as scaffolds for in vitro tissue engineering and are a useful tool to study cell-scaffold interaction. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) and decellularized adipose tissue-derived (DAT) hydrogel interaction on ASC morphology, proliferation, differentiation, and DAT hydrogel microstructure. First, the ASCs were characterized using flow cytometry, adipogenic/osteogenic differentiation, colony-forming unit fibroblast assay and doubling time. The viability and proliferation assays showed that ASCs seeded in DAT hydrogel at different concentrations and cultured for 21 days remained viable and displayed proliferation. ASCs were seeded on DAT hydrogel and cultured in stromal, adipogenic, or osteogenic media for 14 or 28 days. The analysis of adipogenic differentiation demonstrated the upregulation of adipogenic marker genes and accumulation of oil droplets in the cells. Osteogenic differentiation demonstrated the upregulation of osteogenic marker genes and mineral deposition in the DAT hydrogel. The analysis of DAT hydrogel fiber metrics revealed that ASC seeding, and differentiation altered both the diameter and arrangement of fibers in the matrix. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity was assessed to determine the possible mechanism for DAT hydrogel remodeling. MMP-2 activity was observed in all ASC seeded samples, with the osteogenic samples displaying the highest MMP-2 activity. These findings indicate that DAT hydrogel is a cytocompatible scaffold that supports the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of ASCs. Furthermore, the attachment of ASCs and differentiation along adipogenic and osteogenic lineages remodels the microstructure of DAT hydrogel.
Collapse
|
31
|
Conrad S, Weber K, Walliser U, Geburek F, Skutella T. Stem Cell Therapy for Tendon Regeneration: Current Status and Future Directions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1084:61-93. [PMID: 30043235 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In adults the healing tendon generates fibrovascular scar tissue and recovers never histologically, mechanically, and functionally which leads to chronic and to degenerative diseases. In this review, the processes and mechanisms of tendon development and fetal regeneration in comparison to adult defect repair and degeneration are discussed in relation to regenerative therapeutic options. We focused on the application of stem cells, growth factors, transcription factors, and gene therapy in tendon injury therapies in order to intervene the scarring process and to induce functional regeneration of the lesioned tissue. Outlines for future therapeutic approaches for tendon injuries will be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathrin Weber
- Tierärztliches Zentrum für Pferde in Kirchheim Altano GmbH, Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany
| | - Ulrich Walliser
- Tierärztliches Zentrum für Pferde in Kirchheim Altano GmbH, Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany
| | - Florian Geburek
- Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinic for Horses - Department of Surgery, Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Skutella
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Magri C, Schramme M, Febre M, Cauvin E, Labadie F, Saulnier N, François I, Lechartier A, Aebischer D, Moncelet AS, Maddens S. Comparison of efficacy and safety of single versus repeated intra-articular injection of allogeneic neonatal mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of osteoarthritis of the metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joint in horses: A clinical pilot study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221317. [PMID: 31465445 PMCID: PMC6715221 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the effects of single and repeated intra-articular administration of allogeneic, umbilical cord-derived, neonatal mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in horses with lameness due to osteoarthritis (OA) of a metacarpophalangeal joint (MPJ). Twenty-eight horses were included. Horses were divided into two groups. Horses in group MSC1 received an MSC injection at M0 and a placebo injection at M1 (1 month after M0). Horses in group MSC2 received MSC injections at M0 and at M1. Joint injections were performed with a blinded syringe. Clinical assessment was performed by the treating veterinarian at M1, M2 and M6 (2 and 6 months after M0), including lameness evaluation, palpation and flexion of the joint. Radiographic examination of the treated joints was performed at inclusion and repeated at M6. Radiographs were anonymized and assessed by 2 ECVDI LA associate members. Short term safety assessment was performed by owner survey. A 2-month rehabilitation program was recommended to veterinarians. There was a significant improvement of the total clinical score for horses in both groups. There was no significant difference in the total clinical score between groups MSC1 and MSC2 at any time point in the study. There was no significant difference in the total radiographic OA score, osteophyte score, joint space width score and subchondral bone score between inclusion and M6. Owner-detected adverse effects to MSC injection were recorded in 18% of the horses. Lameness caused by OA improved significantly over the 6-month duration of the study after treatment with allogeneic neonatal umbilical cord-derived MSCs combined with 8 weeks rest and rehabilitation. There is no apparent clinical benefit of repeated intra-articular administration of MSCs at a 1-month interval in horses with MPJ OA when compared to the effect of a single injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Magri
- Clinéquine, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Schramme
- Clinéquine, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | - Marine Febre
- Vetbiobank SAS, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | | | - Fabrice Labadie
- Vetbiobank SAS, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | | | - Isé François
- Clinéquine, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| | | | | | | | - Stéphane Maddens
- Vetbiobank SAS, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l’Etoile, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang Q, Pinto VMR, Duan W, Paxton EE, Dessauer JH, Ryan W, Lopez MJ. In vitro Characteristics of Heterogeneous Equine Hoof Progenitor Cell Isolates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:155. [PMID: 31355191 PMCID: PMC6637248 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage to an ectodermal-mesodermal interface like that in the equine hoof and human finger nail bed can permanently alter tissue structure and associated function. The purpose of this study was to establish and validate in vitro culture of primary progenitor cell isolates from the ectodermal-mesodermal tissue junction in equine hooves, the stratum internum, with and without chronic inflammation known to contribute to lifelong tissue defects. The following were evaluated in hoof stratum internum cell isolates up to 5 cell passages (P): expansion capacity by cell doublings and doubling time; plasticity with multi-lineage differentiation and colony-forming unit (CFU) frequency percentage; immunophenotype with immunocytochemistry and flow cytometry; gene expression with RT-PCR; and ultrastructure with transmission electron microscopy. The presence of keratin (K)14, 15 and K19 as well as cluster of differentiation (CD)44 and CD29 was determined in situ with immunohistochemistry. To confirm in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM) formation, cell-scaffold (polyethylene glycol/poly-L-lactic acid and tricalcium phosphate/hydroxyapatite) constructs were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy 9 weeks after implantation in athymic mice. Cultured cells had characteristic progenitor cell morphology, expansion, CFU frequency percentage and adipocytic, osteoblastic, and neurocytic differentiation capacity. CD44, CD29, K14, K15 and K19 proteins were present in native hoof stratum internum. Cultured cells also expressed K15, K19 and desmogleins 1 and 3. Gene expression of CD105, CD44, K14, K15, sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) was confirmed in vitro. Cultured cells had large, eccentric nuclei, elongated mitochondria, and intracellular vacuoles. Scaffold implants with cells contained fibrous ECM 9 weeks after implantation compared to little or none on acellular scaffolds. In vitro expansion and plasticity and in vivo ECM deposition of heterogeneous, immature cell isolates from the ectodermal-mesodermal tissue interface of normal and chronically inflamed hooves are typical of primary cell isolates from other adult tissues, and they appear to have both mesodermal and ectodermal qualities in vitro. These results establish a unique cell culture model to target preventative and restorative therapies for ectodermal-mesodermal tissue junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingqiu Yang
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Vanessa Marigo Rocha Pinto
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Wei Duan
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Erica E Paxton
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Jenna H Dessauer
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - William Ryan
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Mandi J Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bageshlooyafshar B, Vakilian S, Kehtari M, Eslami-Arshaghi T, Rafeie F, Ramezanifard R, Rahchamani R, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Mostafaloo Y, Seyedjafari E. Zinc silicate mineral-coated scaffold improved in vitro osteogenic differentiation of equine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Res Vet Sci 2019; 124:444-451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
35
|
Polly SS, Nichols AEC, Donnini E, Inman DJ, Scott TJ, Apple SM, Werre SR, Dahlgren LA. Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction and Cultured Stromal Cells as Trophic Mediators for Tendon Healing. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1429-1439. [PMID: 30977556 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) is a heterogeneous population of cells that yields a homogeneous population of plastic-adherent adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC) when culture-expanded. SVF and ASC have been used clinically to improve tendon healing, yet their mechanism of action is not fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential for ASC to act as trophic mediators for tendon healing. Flexor digitorum superficialis tendons and adipose tissue were harvested from adult horses to obtain SVF, ASC, and tenocytes. Growth factor gene expression was quantified in SVF and ASC in serial passages and growth factors were quantified in ASC-conditioned medium (CM). Microchemotaxis assays were performed using ASC-CM. Tenocytes were grown in co-culture with autologous ASC or allogeneic SVF. Gene expression for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β3 was significantly higher in SVF compared to ASC. Concentrations were significantly increased in ASC-CM compared to controls for IGF-1 (4-fold) and SDF-1α (6-fold). Medium conditioned by ASC induced significant cell migration in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression for collagen types I and III, decorin, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein was modestly, but significantly increased following co-culture of tenocytes with autologous ASC. Our findings support the ability of SVF and ASC to act as trophic mediators in tendon healing, particularly through chemotaxis, which stands to critically impact the intrinsic healing response. In vivo studies to further delineate the potential for SVF and/or ASC to improve tendon healing are warranted. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1429-1439, 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shelley S Polly
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Anne E C Nichols
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Elle Donnini
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Daniel J Inman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Timothy J Scott
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Stephanie M Apple
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Stephen R Werre
- Laboratory for Statistical Design and Study Analysis, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Linda A Dahlgren
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Barboni B, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Mauro A, Valbonetti L, Sanyal H, Canciello A, Greco L, Muttini A, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Mattioli M. Placental Stem Cells from Domestic Animals: Translational Potential and Clinical Relevance. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:93-116. [PMID: 29562773 PMCID: PMC6434480 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717724797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine is moving toward clinical practice in veterinary science. In this context, placenta-derived stem cells isolated from domestic animals have covered a dual role, acting both as therapies for patients and as a valuable cell source for translational models. The biological properties of placenta-derived cells, comparable among mammals, make them attractive candidates for therapeutic approaches. In particular, stemness features, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory activity, multilineage plasticity, and their successful capacity for long-term engraftment in different host tissues after autotransplantation, allo-transplantation, or xenotransplantation have been demonstrated. Their beneficial regenerative effects in domestic animals have been proven using preclinical studies as well as clinical trials starting to define the mechanisms involved. This is, in particular, for amniotic-derived cells that have been thoroughly studied to date. The regenerative role arises from a mutual tissue-specific cell differentiation and from the paracrine secretion of bioactive molecules that ultimately drive crucial repair processes in host tissues (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, angiogenic, and neurogenic factors). The knowledge acquired so far on the mechanisms of placenta-derived stem cells in animal models represent the proof of concept of their successful use in some therapeutic treatments such as for musculoskeletal disorders. In the next future, legislation in veterinary regenerative medicine will be a key element in order to certify those placenta-derived cell-based protocols that have already demonstrated their safety and efficacy using rigorous approaches and to improve the degree of standardization of cell-based treatments among veterinary clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Barboni
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Russo
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - P Berardinelli
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Mauro
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Valbonetti
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - H Sanyal
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Canciello
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Greco
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Muttini
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- 2 Medical Genetics, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Mattioli
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wallner C, Huber J, Drysch M, Schmidt SV, Wagner JM, Dadras M, Dittfeld S, Becerikli M, Jaurich H, Lehnhardt M, Behr B. Activin Receptor 2 Antagonization Impairs Adipogenic and Enhances Osteogenic Differentiation in Mouse Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:384-397. [PMID: 30654712 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors, traumata, burn injuries or surgeries can lead to critical-sized bony defects which need to be reconstructed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages and thus present a promising alternative for use in tissue engineering and reconstruction. However, there is an ongoing debate whether all MSCs are equivalent in their differentiation and proliferation ability. The goal of this study was to assess osteogenic and adipogenic characteristic changes of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) upon Myostatin inhibition with Follistatin in vitro and in vivo. We harvested ASCs from mice inguinal fat pads and BMSCs from tibiae of mice. By means of histology, real-time cell analysis, immunohistochemistry, and PCR osteogenic and adipogenic proliferation and differentiation in the presence or absence of Follistatin were analyzed. In vivo, osteogenic capacity was investigated in a tibial defect model of wild-type (WT) mice treated with mASCs and mBMSCs of Myo-/- and WT origin. In vitro, we were able to show that inhibition of Myostatin leads to markedly reduced proliferative capacity in mBMSCs and mASCs in adipogenic differentiation and reduced proliferation in osteogenic differentiation in mASCs, whereas proliferation in mBMSCs in osteogenic differentiation was increased. Adipogenic differentiation was inhibited in mASCs and mBMSCs upon Follistatin treatment, whereas osteogenic differentiation was increased in both cell lineages. In vivo, we could demonstrate increased osteoid formation in WT mice treated with mASCs and mBMSCs of Myo-/- origin and enhanced osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of mASCs of Myo-/- origin. We could demonstrate that the osteogenic potential of mASCs could be raised to a level comparable to mBMSCs upon inhibition of Myostatin. Moreover, Follistatin treatment led to inhibition of adipogenesis in both lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wallner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julika Huber
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marius Drysch
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sonja Verena Schmidt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes Maximilian Wagner
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mehran Dadras
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie Dittfeld
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mustafa Becerikli
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Henriette Jaurich
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Marcus Lehnhardt
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Björn Behr
- Department of Plastic Surgery, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Duan W, Lopez MJ. Effects of enzyme and cryoprotectant concentrations on yield of equine adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells. Am J Vet Res 2019; 79:1100-1112. [PMID: 30256145 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.10.1100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of various concentrations of collagenase and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on yield of equine adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells (ASCs) before and after cryopreservation. SAMPLE Supragluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue from 7 Thoroughbreds. PROCEDURES Tissues were incubated with digests containing 0.1%, 0.05%, or 0.025% type I collagenase. Part of each resulting stromal vascular fraction was cryopreserved in 80% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 10% DMSO, and 10% Dulbecco modified Eagle medium F-12 and in 95% FBS and 5% DMSO. Half of each fresh and cryopreserved heterogeneous cell population was not immunophenotyped (unsorted) or was immunophenotyped for CD44+, CD105+, and major histocompatability complex class II (MHCII; CD44+-CD105+-MHCII+ cells and CD44+-CD105+-MHCII- cells). Cell proliferation (cell viability assay), plasticity (CFU frequency), and lineage-specific target gene and oncogene expression (reverse transcriptase PCR assays) were determined in passage 1 cells before and after culture in induction media. RESULTS Digestion with 0.1% collagenase yielded the highest number of nucleated cells. Cell surface marker expression and proliferation rate were not affected by collagenase concentration. Cryopreservation reduced cell expansion rate and CD44+-CD105+-MHCII- CFUs; it also reduced osteogenic plasticity of unsorted cells. However, effects appeared to be unrelated to DMSO concentrations. There were also variable effects on primordial gene expression among cell isolates. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results supported the use of 0.1% collagenase in an adipose tissue digest and 5% DMSO in cryopreservation medium for isolation and cryopreservation, respectively, of equine ASCs. These results may be used as guidelines for standardization of isolation and cryopreservation procedures for equine ASCs.
Collapse
|
39
|
RATHORE NS, KASHYAP SK, DEORA ANUPAMA, KUMAR PANKAJ, SINGH J, TRIPATHI BN, TALLURI TR. Isolation and culture of putative mesenchymal stem cells from equine umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v88i9.83546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite major progress and knowledge related to the application of adult stem cells, finding alternative sources for bone marrow MSCs has remained a challenge in both humans and animals. In the current study, two protocols namely sequential enzymatic tissue digestion and tissue explant techniques were tried for successful establishment of MSC culture. Umbilical tissues were isolated each time of foaling from five sequential foalings of Marwari mares. Total cell yield, their growth potential and cryopreservation potential were studied. Adherent cell colonies could be established using both isolation methods. Both the cell populations yielded from different protocols performed similarly in terms of population doubling and CFU number value. Additionally, the cells proliferated vigourously and displayed a similar morphology of mesenchymal stem cells. The MSCs were plastic adherent, colonogenic and their morphology was polygonal and fibroblast like. During the proliferation, the cells exhibited density dependent inhibition; analysis of microbial contamination from bacteria, mycoplasma and fungi were negative; the population doubling time of the MSCs isolated was 34.8 h and 40.2 h in enzymatic treatment and tissue explant methods respectively, and diploid chromosome number of the cells was 64, and the diploid frequency was higher than 80%. In conclusion, this study reveals that both the techniques proved to be non-invasive, efficient, simple and quick for isolation and establishment of MSC culture of extra embryonic tissues from equines.
Collapse
|
40
|
Ortved KF. Regenerative Medicine and Rehabilitation for Tendinous and Ligamentous Injuries in Sport Horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2018; 34:359-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
|
41
|
Duan W, Chen C, Haque M, Hayes D, Lopez MJ. Polymer-mineral scaffold augments in vivo equine multipotent stromal cell osteogenesis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018. [PMID: 29523214 PMCID: PMC5845133 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Use of bioscaffolds to direct osteogenic differentiation of adult multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) without exogenous proteins is a contemporary approach to bone regeneration. Identification of in vivo osteogenic contributions of exogenous MSCs on bioscaffolds after long-term implantation is vital to understanding cell persistence and effect duration. Methods This study was designed to quantify in vivo equine MSC osteogenesis on synthetic polymer scaffolds with distinct mineral combinations 9 weeks after implantation in a murine model. Cryopreserved, passage (P)1, equine bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSC) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASC) were culture expanded to P3 and immunophenotyped with flow cytometry. They were then loaded by spinner flask on to scaffolds composed of tricalcium phosphate (TCP)/hydroxyapatite (HA) (40:60; HT), polyethylene glycol (PEG)/poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) (60:40; GA), or PEG/PLLA/TCP/HA (36:24:24:16; GT). Scaffolds with and without cells were maintained in static culture for up to 21 days or implanted subcutaneously in athymic mice that were radiographed every 3 weeks up to 9 weeks. In vitro cell viability and proliferation were determined. Explant composition (double-stranded (ds)DNA, collagen, sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG), protein), equine and murine osteogenic target gene expression, microcomputed tomography (μCT) mineralization, and light microscopic structure were assessed. Results The ASC and BMSC number increased significantly in HT constructs between 7 and 21 days of culture, and BMSCs increased similarly in GT constructs. Radiographic opacity increased with time in GT-BMSC constructs. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components and dsDNA increased significantly in GT compared to HT constructs. Equine and murine osteogenic gene expression was highest in BMSC constructs with mineral-containing scaffolds. The HT constructs with either cell type had the highest mineral deposition based on μCT. Regardless of composition, scaffolds with cells had more ECM than those without, and osteoid was apparent in all BMSC constructs. Conclusions In this study, both exogenous and host MSCs appear to contribute to in vivo osteogenesis. Addition of mineral to polymer scaffolds enhances equine MSC osteogenesis over polymer alone, but pure mineral scaffold provides superior osteogenic support. These results emphasize the need for bioscaffolds that provide customized osteogenic direction of both exo- and endogenous MSCs for the best regenerative potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Duan
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Cong Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Masudul Haque
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Daniel Hayes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Mandi J Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Olivera R, Moro LN, Jordan R, Pallarols N, Guglielminetti A, Luzzani C, Miriuka SG, Vichera G. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as nuclear donors improve viability and health of cloned horses. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2018; 11:13-22. [PMID: 29497320 PMCID: PMC5818860 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s151763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Cell plasticity is crucial in cloning to allow an efficient nuclear reprogramming and healthy offspring. Hence, cells with high plasticity, such as multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), may be a promising alternative for horse cloning. In this study, we evaluated the use of bone marrow-MSCs (BM-MSCs) as nuclear donors in horse cloning, and we compared the in vitro and in vivo embryo development with respect to fibroblasts. Materials and methods Zona-free nuclear transfer was performed using BM-MSCs (MSC group, n=3432) or adult fibroblasts (AF group, n=4527). Embryos produced by artificial insemination (AI) recovered by uterine flushing and transferred to recipient mares were used as controls (AI group). Results Blastocyst development was higher in the MSC group than in the AF group (18.1% vs 10.9%, respectively; p<0.05). However, pregnancy rates and delivery rates were similar in both cloning groups, although they were lower than in the AI group (pregnancy rates: 17.7% [41/232] for MSC, 12.5% [37/297] for AF and 80.7% [71/88] for AI; delivery rates: 56.8% [21/37], 41.5% [17/41] and 90.1% [64/71], respectively). Remarkably, the gestation length of the AF group was significantly longer than the control (361.7±10.9 vs 333.9±8.7 days), in contrast to the MSC group (340.6±8.89 days). Of the total deliveries, 95.2% (20/21) of the MSC-foals were viable, compared to 52.9% (9/17) of the AF-foals (p<0.05). In addition, the AF-foals had more physiological abnormalities at birth than the MSC-foals; 90.5% (19/21) of the MSC-delivered foals were completely normal and healthy, compared to 35.3% (6/17) in the AF group. The abnormalities included flexural or angular limb deformities, umbilical cord enlargement, placental alterations and signs of syndrome of neonatal maladjustment, which were treated in most cases. Conclusion In summary, we obtained 29 viable cloned foals and found that MSCs are suitable donor cells in horse cloning. Even more, these cells could be more efficiently reprogrammed compared to fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Olivera
- KHEIRON S.A Laboratory, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L N Moro
- LIAN-Unit Associated with CONICET, FLENI, Belen de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Jordan
- KHEIRON S.A Laboratory, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Pallarols
- Kawell Equine Hospital, Solís, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - C Luzzani
- LIAN-Unit Associated with CONICET, FLENI, Belen de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S G Miriuka
- LIAN-Unit Associated with CONICET, FLENI, Belen de Escobar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G Vichera
- KHEIRON S.A Laboratory, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Lee EM, Kim AY, Lee EJ, Park JK, Park SI, Cho SG, Kim HK, Kim SY, Jeong KS. Generation of Equine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Analysis of Their Therapeutic Potential for Muscle Injuries. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:2003-2016. [PMID: 27226077 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Horse health has become a major concern with the expansion of horse-related industries and sports; the importance of healthy muscles for horse performance and daily activities is undisputed. Here we generated equine-induced pluripotent stem cells (E-iPSCs) by reprogramming equine adipose-derived stem cells (E-ADSCs) into iPSCs using a polycistronic lentiviral vector encoding four transcription factors (i.e., Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) and then examined their pluripotent characteristics. Subsequently, established E-iPSCs were transplanted into muscle-injured Rag/ mdx mice. The histopathology results showed that E-iPSC-transplanted mice exhibited enhanced muscle regeneration compared to controls. In addition, E-iPSC-derived myofibers were observed in the injured muscles. In conclusion, we show that E-iPSCs could be successfully generated from equine ADSCs and transplanted into injured muscles and that E-iPSCs have the capacity to induce regeneration of injured muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Mi Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Il Park
- Cardiovascular Product Evaluation Center, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Resources Research Center, Incurable Disease Animal Model and Stem Cell Institute (IDASI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Kyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Yoon Kim
- Skeletal Diseases Genome Research Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Shik Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Stem Cell Therapeutic Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lovati AB, Corradetti B, Cremonesi F, Bizzaro D, Consiglio AL. Tenogenic Differentiation of Equine Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells under Indirect Co-Culture. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139881203501105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arianna B. Lovati
- University of Milan, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Reproduction Unit, Lodi - Italy
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan - Italy
| | - Bruna Corradetti
- Polytechnic University of the Marche, Environmental and Life Sciences Department, Ancona - Italy
| | - Fausto Cremonesi
- University of Milan, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Reproduction Unit, Lodi - Italy
| | - Davide Bizzaro
- Polytechnic University of the Marche, Environmental and Life Sciences Department, Ancona - Italy
| | - Anna Lange Consiglio
- University of Milan, Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Reproduction Unit, Lodi - Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shao RX, Quan RF, Wang T, Du WB, Jia GY, Wang D, Lv LB, Xu CY, Wei XC, Wang JF, Yang DS. Effects of a bone graft substitute consisting of porous gradient HA/ZrO 2 and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing BMP-2 and BMSCs on lumbar vertebral defect repair in rhesus monkey. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 12:e1813-e1825. [PMID: 29055138 DOI: 10.1002/term.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dense biomaterial plays an important role in bone replacement. However, it fails to induce bone cell migration into graft material. In the present study, a novel bone graft substitute (BGS) consisting of porous gradient hydroxyapatite/zirconia composite (PGHC) and gelatin/chitosan slow-release hydrogel containing bone morphogenetic protein 2 and bone mesenchymal stem cells was designed and prepared to repair lumbar vertebral defects. The morphological characteristics of the BGS evaluated by a scanning electron microscope showed that it had a three-dimensional network structure with uniformly distributed chitosan microspheres on the surfaces of the graft material and the interior of the pores. Then, BGS (Group A), PGHC (Group B), or autologous bone (Group C) was implanted into lumbar vertebral body defects in a total of 24 healthy rhesus monkeys. After 8 and 16 weeks, anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbar spine, microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, biomechanical testing, and biochemical testing for bone matrix markers, including Type I collagen, osteocalcin, osteopontin, basic fibroblast growth factor, alkaline phosphatase, and vascular endothelial growth factor, were performed to examine the reparative efficacy of the BGS and PGHC. The BGS displayed excellent ability to repair the lumbar vertebral defect in rhesus monkeys. Radiography, microcomputed tomography scanning, and histomorphological characterization showed that the newly formed bone volume in the interior of the pores in the BGS was significantly higher than in the PGHC. The results of biomechanical testing indicated that the vertebral body compression strength of the PGHC implant was lower than the other implants. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses showed that the expression of bone-related proteins in the BGS implant was significantly higher than in the PGHC implant. The BGS displayed reparative effects similar to autologous bone. Therefore, BGS use in vertebral bone defect repair appears promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xue Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ren-Fu Quan
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tuo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Bin Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Jiangnan Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gao-Yong Jia
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Long-Bao Lv
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Cai-Yin Xu
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xi-Cheng Wei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Fu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Di-Sheng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Osteogenic differentiation of equine cord blood multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells within coralline hydroxyapatite scaffolds in vitro. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 24:354-62. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-10-10-0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryObjective: To investigate the osteogenic differentiation potential of equine umbilical cord blood-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (CB-MSC) within coralline hydro-xyapatite scaffolds cultured in osteogenic induction culture medium.Methods: Scaffolds seeded with equine CBMSC were cultured in cell expansion culture medium (control) or osteogenic induction medium (treatment). Cell viability and distribution were confirmed by the MTT cell viability assay and DAPI nuclear fluorescence staining, respectively. Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated after 10 days using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, alkaline phosphatase activity, and secreted osteocalcin concentration. Cell morphology and matrix deposition were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 14 days in culture.Results: Cells showed viability and adequate distribution within the scaffold. Successful osteogenic differentiation within the scaffolds was demonstrated by the increased expression of osteogenic markers such as Runx2, osteopontin, osteonectin, collagen IA increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity increased osteocalcin protein secretion and bone-like matrix presence in the scaffold pores upon SEM evaluation.Clinical significance: These results demonstrate that equine CB-MSC maintain viability and exhibit osteogenic potential in coralline hydroxyapatite scaffolds when induced in vitro. Equine CB-MSC scaffold constructs deserve further investigation for their potential role as biologically active fillers to enhance bone-gap repair in the horse.
Collapse
|
47
|
Cabezas J, Rojas D, Navarrete F, Ortiz R, Rivera G, Saravia F, Rodriguez-Alvarez L, Castro FO. Equine mesenchymal stem cells derived from endometrial or adipose tissue share significant biological properties, but have distinctive pattern of surface markers and migration. Theriogenology 2017; 106:93-102. [PMID: 29049924 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stromal mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been postulated as responsible for cell renewal in highly and continuously regenerative tissues such as the endometrium. MSCs have been identified in the endometrium of many species including humans, rodents, pets and some farm animals, but not in horses. The objective of this work was to isolate such cells from the endometrium of mares and to compare their main biological attributes with horse adipose-derived MSCs. Here we successfully isolated and characterized endometrial MSCs (eMSCs) from mares. Said cells showed fibroblast-like morphology, grew on plastic, had doubling population times of 46.4 ± 3.38 h, underwent tri-lineage (osteo, chondro and adipogenic) differentiation after appropriate inductions, migrated toward the attraction of fetal calf serum and displayed a pattern of surface markers commonly accepted for horse MSCs. All these are properties of MSCs. Some of these attributes were shared with equine adipose-derived MSCs, but the migration pattern of eMSC at 12 and 24 h after stimulation was reduced in comparison with adipose MSCs. Also, expression of CD44, CD90 and MHCI surface markers were dramatically down-regulated in eMSCs. In conclusion, equine-derived endometrial MSC share biological attributes with adipose MSC of this species, but displayed a different surface marker phenotype and an impaired migration ability. Conceivably, this phenotype is distinctive for MSC of this origin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Cabezas
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Animal, Chile.
| | - D Rojas
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Pathology, Chile.
| | - F Navarrete
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Animal, Chile.
| | - R Ortiz
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Hospital de Animales Mayores, Chile.
| | - G Rivera
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Clinical Sciences, Hospital de Animales Mayores, Chile.
| | - F Saravia
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Animal, Chile.
| | - L Rodriguez-Alvarez
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Animal, Chile.
| | - F O Castro
- Universidad de Concepción, Campus Chillan, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Animal Science, Laboratorio de Biotecnologia Animal, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bearden RN, Huggins SS, Cummings KJ, Smith R, Gregory CA, Saunders WB. In-vitro characterization of canine multipotent stromal cells isolated from synovium, bone marrow, and adipose tissue: a donor-matched comparative study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:218. [PMID: 28974260 PMCID: PMC5627404 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dog represents an excellent large animal model for translational cell-based studies. Importantly, the properties of canine multipotent stromal cells (cMSCs) and the ideal tissue source for specific translational studies have yet to be established. The aim of this study was to characterize cMSCs derived from synovium, bone marrow, and adipose tissue using a donor-matched study design and a comprehensive series of in-vitro characterization, differentiation, and immunomodulation assays. Methods Canine MSCs were isolated from five dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. All 15 cMSC preparations were evaluated using colony forming unit (CFU) assays, flow cytometry analysis, RT-PCR for pluripotency-associated genes, proliferation assays, trilineage differentiation assays, and immunomodulation assays. Data were reported as mean ± standard deviation and compared using repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey post-hoc test. Significance was established at p < 0.05. Results All tissue samples produced plastic adherent, spindle-shaped preparations of cMSCs. Cells were negative for CD34, CD45, and STRO-1 and positive for CD9, CD44, and CD90, whereas the degree to which cells were positive for CD105 was variable depending on tissue of origin. Cells were positive for the pluripotency-associated genes NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2. Accounting for donor and tissue sources, there were significant differences in CFU potential, rate of proliferation, trilineage differentiation, and immunomodulatory response. Synovium and marrow cMSCs exhibited superior early osteogenic activity, but when assessing late-stage osteogenesis no significant differences were detected. Interestingly, bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) supplementation was necessary for early-stage and late-stage osteogenic differentiation, a finding consistent with other canine studies. Additionally, synovium and adipose cMSCs proliferated more rapidly, displayed higher CFU potential, and formed larger aggregates in chondrogenic assays, although proteoglycan and collagen type II staining were subjectively decreased in adipose pellets as compared to synovial and marrow pellets. Lastly, cMSCs derived from all three tissue sources modulated murine macrophage TNF-α and IL-6 levels in a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated coculture assay. Conclusions While cMSCs from synovium, marrow, and adipose tissue share a number of similarities, important differences in proliferation and trilineage differentiation exist and should be considered when selecting cMSCs for translational studies. These results and associated methods will prove useful for future translational studies involving the canine model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0639-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Bearden
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Shannon S Huggins
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kevin J Cummings
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Roger Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Carl A Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - William B Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Schröck C, Eydt C, Geburek F, Kaiser L, Päbst F, Burk J, Pfarrer C, Staszyk C. Bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells from horses after euthanasia. Vet Med Sci 2017; 3:239-251. [PMID: 29152317 PMCID: PMC5677777 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic equine multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (eMSCs) have been proposed for use in regenerative therapies in veterinary medicine. A source of allogeneic eMSCs might be the bone marrow from euthanized horses. The purpose of this study was to compare in vitro characteristics of equine bone marrow derived eMSC (eBM‐MSCs) from euthanized horses (eut‐MSCs) and from narcotized horses (nar‐MSCs). Eut‐MSCs and nar‐MSCs showed typical eMSC marker profiles (positive: CD44, CD90; negative: CD11a/CD18 and MHCII) and possessed tri‐lineage differentiation characteristics. Although CD105 and MHCI expression varied, no differences were detected between eut‐MSCs and nar‐MSCs. Proliferation characteristics did not differ between eut‐MSCs and nar‐MSCs, but age dependent decrease in proliferation and increase in MHCI expression was detected. These results suggest the possible use of eut‐MSCs for therapeutic applications and production of commercial available eBM‐MSC products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Schröck
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, -Histology and -EmbryologyJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Carina Eydt
- Institute of AnatomyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
| | | | - Lena Kaiser
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, -Histology and -EmbryologyJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Felicitas Päbst
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM)University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany.,Faculty of Veterinary MedicineLarge Animal Clinic for SurgeryUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Janina Burk
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM)University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany.,Faculty of Veterinary MedicineLarge Animal Clinic for SurgeryUniversity of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Institute of AnatomyUniversity of Veterinary Medicine HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Carsten Staszyk
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, -Histology and -EmbryologyJustus-Liebig-UniversityGiessenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Geburek F, Roggel F, van Schie HTM, Beineke A, Estrada R, Weber K, Hellige M, Rohn K, Jagodzinski M, Welke B, Hurschler C, Conrad S, Skutella T, van de Lest C, van Weeren R, Stadler PM. Effect of single intralesional treatment of surgically induced equine superficial digital flexor tendon core lesions with adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: a controlled experimental trial. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:129. [PMID: 28583184 PMCID: PMC5460527 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue is a promising source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for the treatment of tendon disease. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of a single intralesional implantation of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AT-MSCs) on artificial lesions in equine superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs). Methods During this randomized, controlled, blinded experimental study, either autologous cultured AT-MSCs suspended in autologous inactivated serum (AT-MSC-serum) or autologous inactivated serum (serum) were injected intralesionally 2 weeks after surgical creation of centrally located SDFT lesions in both forelimbs of nine horses. Healing was assessed clinically and with ultrasound (standard B-mode and ultrasound tissue characterization) at regular intervals over 24 weeks. After euthanasia of the horses the SDFTs were examined histologically, biochemically and by means of biomechanical testing. Results AT-MSC implantation did not substantially influence clinical and ultrasonographic parameters. Histology, biochemical and biomechanical characteristics of the repair tissue did not differ significantly between treatment modalities after 24 weeks. Compared with macroscopically normal tendon tissue, the content of the mature collagen crosslink hydroxylysylpyridinoline did not differ after AT-MSC-serum treatment (p = 0.074) while it was significantly lower (p = 0.027) in lesions treated with serum alone. Stress at failure (p = 0.048) and the modulus of elasticity (p = 0.001) were significantly lower after AT-MSC-serum treatment than in normal tendon tissue. Conclusions The effect of a single intralesional injection of cultured AT-MSCs suspended in autologous inactivated serum was not superior to treatment of surgically created SDFT lesions with autologous inactivated serum alone in a surgical model of tendinopathy over an observation period of 22 weeks. AT-MSC treatment might have a positive influence on collagen crosslinking of remodelling scar tissue. Controlled long-term studies including naturally occurring tendinopathies are necessary to verify the effects of AT-MSCs on tendon disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0564-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Geburek
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Florian Roggel
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans T M van Schie
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Institute for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 17, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roberto Estrada
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Weber
- Pferdeklink Kirchheim, Nürtinger Straße 200, 73230, Kirchheim unter Teck, Germany
| | - Maren Hellige
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karl Rohn
- Institute for Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 2, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael Jagodzinski
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bastian Welke
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christof Hurschler
- Laboratory for Biomechanics and Biomaterials, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Anna-von-Borries-Straße 1-7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Skutella
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 307, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chris van de Lest
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René van Weeren
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 112, 3584 CM, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Stadler
- Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bünteweg 9, 30559, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|