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Dai Y, Kretz CA, Kim PY, Gross PL. A specific fluorescence resonance energy quenching-based biosensor for measuring thrombin activity in whole blood. J Thromb Haemost 2024; 22:1627-1639. [PMID: 38382740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND At sites of vessel injury, thrombin acts as the central mediator of coagulation by catalyzing fibrin clot formation and platelet activation. Thrombin generation is most frequently measured in plasma samples using small-molecule substrates; however, these have low specificity for thrombin and limited utility in whole blood. Plasma assays are limited because they ignore the hemostatic contributions of blood cells and require anticoagulation and the addition of supraphysiological concentrations of calcium. OBJECTIVES To overcome these limitations, we designed and characterized a fluorescence resonance energy quenching-based thrombin sensor (FTS) protein. METHODS The fluorescence resonance energy quenching pair of mAmetrine and tTomato, separated by a thrombin recognition sequence, was developed. The protein was expressed using Escherichia coli, and purity was assessed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The cleavage of FTS was monitored by fluorescence using excitation at 406 nm and emission at 526 nm and 581 nm. RESULTS Compared with small-molecule substrates, the FTS demonstrated high specificity for thrombin; it is not cleaved by thrombin or inhibited by α2-macroglobulin and interacts with thrombin's anion-binding exosite I. The FTS can effectively measure thrombin generation in plasma and in finger-prick whole blood, which allows it to be developed into a point-of-care test of thrombin generation. The FTS does not inhibit standard thrombin-generation assays. Lastly, FTS-based thrombin generation in nonanticoagulated finger-prick blood was delayed but enhanced compared with that in citrated plasma. CONCLUSION The FTS will broaden our understanding of thrombin generation in ways that are not attainable with current methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dai
- Hamilton Health Sciences and Departments of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin A Kretz
- Hamilton Health Sciences and Departments of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul Y Kim
- Hamilton Health Sciences and Departments of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter L Gross
- Hamilton Health Sciences and Departments of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
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2
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Foret T, Dufrost V, Lagrange J, Costa P, Mourey G, Lecompte T, Magy-Bertrand N, Regnault V, Zuily S, Wahl D. Thrombin Generation Assay in Antiphospholipid Antibodies Positive Subjects as a Personalized Thrombotic Risk Assessment: State of the Art and Perspectives. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2024; 26:178-187. [PMID: 38372872 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-024-01140-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Thrombotic risk assessment in antiphospholipid positive (aPL +) subjects is a major challenge, and the study of in vitro thrombin generation (thrombin generation assays (TGA)) could provide useful information. Activated protein C (APC) sensitivity is involved in thrombotic events in antiphospholipid syndrome patients. We summarized methods used to assess APC sensitivity with TGA and evaluated the prognostic role of APC resistance through literature search. RECENT FINDINGS APC resistance induced by aPL is a complex pathway. Several cross-sectional studies assessed APC sensitivity to understand thrombotic event mechanisms in aPL + subjects. Only one prospective cohort had investigated the prognostic impact of APC resistance in aPL + subjects, with a positive and significant correlation between APC sensitivity and the risk of thrombosis during the follow up (hazard ratio, 6.07 [95% CI, 1.69-21.87]). APC resistance assessed with TGA could be associated with thrombotic events in aPL + subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Foret
- Vascular Medicine Unit, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, CHU-Besancon, 3 BD Alexandre Fleming, F-25000, Besancon, France.
- Université de Franche-Comté, SINERGIES, F-25000, Besancon, France.
| | - Virginie Dufrost
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, DCAC, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Vascular Medicine Division and National Referral Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, CHRU-Nancy, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Jeremy Lagrange
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, DCAC, F-54000, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Patricia Costa
- Vascular Medicine Unit, Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, CHU-Besancon, 3 BD Alexandre Fleming, F-25000, Besancon, France
| | - Guillaume Mourey
- Université de Franche-Comté, SINERGIES, F-25000, Besancon, France
- Medical Biology Laboratory, Biological Haemostasis Department, CHU Besançon, F-25000, Besançon, France
| | - Thomas Lecompte
- Vascular Medicine Division and National Referral Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, CHRU-Nancy, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Veronique Regnault
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, DCAC, F-54000, Nancy, France
- CHRU-Nancy, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Stéphane Zuily
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, DCAC, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Vascular Medicine Division and National Referral Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, CHRU-Nancy, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Denis Wahl
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, DCAC, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Vascular Medicine Division and National Referral Center for Rare Vascular and Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, CHRU-Nancy, F-54000, Nancy, France
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Kang J, Jayaraman A, Antaki JF, Kirby B. Shear Histories Alter Local Shear Effects on Thrombus Nucleation and Growth. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1039-1050. [PMID: 38319505 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03439-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Our goal was to determine the impact of physiological and pathological shear histories on platelet nucleation and thrombus growth at various local shear rates. We designed and characterized a microfluidic device capable of subjecting platelets to shear histories reaching as high as 6700 s- 1 in a single passage. Time-lapse videos of platelets and thrombi are captured using fluorescence microscopy. Thrombi are tracked, and the degree of thrombosis is evaluated through surface coverage, platelet nucleation maps, and ensemble-averaged aggregate areas and intensities. Surface coverage rates were the lowest when platelets deposited at high shear rates following a pathological shear history and were highest at low shear rates following a pathological shear history. Early aggregate area growth rates were significantly larger for thrombi developing at high shear following physiological shear history than at high shear following a pathological shear history. Aggregate vertical growth was restricted when depositing at low shear following a pathological shear history. In contrast, thrombi grew faster vertically following physiological shear histories. These results show that physiological shear histories pose thrombotic risks via volumetric growth, and pathological shear histories drastically promote nucleation. These findings may inform region-based geometries for biomedical devices and refine thrombosis simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyuk Kang
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Anjana Jayaraman
- Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - James F Antaki
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Brian Kirby
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Alizadeh EA, Rast G, Cantow C, Schiwon J, Krause F, De Meyer GRY, Guns PJ, Guth BD, Markert M. Optimization of bioanalysis of dried blood samples. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107296. [PMID: 37482323 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modelling has emerged as a valuable technique for understanding drug exposure and response relationships in drug development. Pharmacokinetic data are often obtained by taking multiple blood samples, which may disturb physiological parameters and complicate study designs. Wearable automatic blood sampling systems can improve this limitation by collecting dried blood samples at programmable time points without disrupting cardiovascular parameters. It is the objective of this study to evaluate the bioanalysis of DBS in comparison to conventional blood sampling techniques and to optimize the recovery of various compounds spiked into canine blood dried on filter paper tape. METHODS Incubated blood samples from Beagle dogs were spiked with 16 different compounds and half of the whole blood sample was centrifuged to obtain plasma. After the dried blood sample drops were dried, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were used to analyze the samples. The study explored different anticoagulants, sample preparation methods and technical approaches to best determine the compound concentrations in dried blood samples. RESULTS With the two anticoagulants tested and using the optimized sample preparation methods and technical approaches we employed, the bioanalysis of dried blood samples can provide equivalent results to conventional blood sampling techniques. DISCUSSION Automated blood sampling systems have the potential to provide increased numbers of blood samples, providing substantially more Pharmacokinetic data within safety pharmacology studies without disrupting physiological parameters. They can provide a viable alternative to traditional methods of obtaining blood for various other types of studies or analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ataei Alizadeh
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Georg Rast
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Chris Cantow
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, Bioanalysis Team, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Jessica Schiwon
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Florian Krause
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Guns
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Brian D Guth
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany
| | - Michael Markert
- Department of Drug Discovery Sciences, General Pharmacology Group, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Germany.
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5
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Schriner JB, Van Gent JM, Meledeo MA, Olson SD, Cotton BA, Cox CS, Gill BS. Impact of Transfused Citrate on Pathophysiology in Massive Transfusion. Crit Care Explor 2023; 5:e0925. [PMID: 37275654 PMCID: PMC10234463 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review article seeks to highlight the effects of citrate on physiology during massive transfusion of the bleeding patient. DATA SOURCES A limited library of curated articles was created using search terms including "citrate intoxication," "citrate massive transfusion," "citrate pharmacokinetics," "hypocalcemia of trauma," "citrate phosphate dextrose," and "hypocalcemia in massive transfusion." Review articles, as well as prospective and retrospective studies were selected based on their relevance for inclusion in this review. STUDY SELECTION Given the limited number of relevant studies, studies were reviewed and included if they were written in English. This is not a systematic review nor a meta-analysis. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS As this is not a meta-analysis, new statistical analyses were not performed. Relevant data were summarized in the body of the text. CONCLUSIONS The physiologic effects of citrate independent of hypocalcemia are poorly understood. While a healthy individual can rapidly clear the citrate in a unit of blood (either through the citric acid cycle or direct excretion in urine), the physiology of hemorrhagic shock can lead to decreased clearance and prolonged circulation of citrate. The so-called "Diamond of Death" of bleeding-coagulopathy, acidemia, hypothermia, and hypocalcemia-has a dynamic interaction with citrate that can lead to a death spiral. Hypothermia and acidemia both decrease citrate clearance while circulating citrate decreases thrombin generation and platelet function, leading to ionized hypocalcemia, coagulopathy, and need for further transfusion resulting in a new citrate load. Whole blood transfusion typically requires lower volumes of transfused product than component therapy alone, resulting in a lower citrate burden. Efforts should be made to limit the amount of citrate infused into a patient in hemorrhagic shock while simultaneously addressing the induced hypocalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Schriner
- Center for Translational Injury Research, Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - J Michael Van Gent
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - M Adam Meledeo
- Chief, Blood and Shock Resuscitation, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, San Antonio, TX
| | - Scott D Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Bryan A Cotton
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Charles S Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Brijesh S Gill
- Department of Surgery, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
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6
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Coleman JR, Fabbri S, Anderson M, Moore EE, Cohen MJ, Hadley J, Ghasabyan A, Chandler J, Kelher M, Freeman K, Miller ZD, Silliman CC. Beyond uterine atony: characterizing postpartum hemorrhage coagulopathy. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:100822. [PMID: 36464240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2022.100822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet the associated early coagulopathy is not well defined. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that women who develop postpartum hemorrhage have a distinct derangement of thrombin generation and coagulation factors compared with postpartum women without postpartum hemorrhage. STUDY DESIGN This prospective study of pregnant patients with postpartum hemorrhage was completed at a single urban hospital. Blood was drawn on postpartum hemorrhage diagnosis and 2 and 4 hours later. Assays of patients with postpartum hemorrhage included thrombelastography, whole blood thrombin generation, coagulation factor activity, tissue factor levels and activity, and tissue factor pathway inhibitor levels, which were compared with that of patients without postpartum hemorrhage. RESULTS A total of 81 patients were included in this study. Of those patients, 66 had postpartum hemorrhage, and 15 served as controls. Compared with patients without PPH, patients with postpartum hemorrhage had lower fibrinogen levels (469.0 mg/dL vs 411.0 mg/dL; P=.02), increased tissue plasminogen activator resistance (fibrinolysis 30 minutes after maximal clot strength: 8.7% vs 4.2%; P=.02), decreased peak thrombin concentration (150.2 nM vs 40.7 nM; P=.01), and decreased maximal rate of thrombin generation (60.1 nM/minute vs 2.8 nM/minute; P=.02). Furthermore, compared with patients without postpartum hemorrhage, patients with postpartum hemorrhage had decreased tissue factor levels (444.3 pg/mL vs 267.1 pg/mL; P=.02) and increased tissue factor pathway inhibitor levels (0.6 U/mL vs 0.8 U/mL; P=.04), with decreased tissue factor pathway inhibitor ratios (624 vs 299; P=.01). CONCLUSION PPH is not only an issue of uterine tone and mechanical bleeding but also a distinct coagulopathy that is characterized by decreased fibrinogen level, clot breakdown resistance, and markedly low thrombin generation. This pathology seemed to be driven by low tissue factor and high tissue factor pathway inhibitor levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Coleman
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO (Drs Coleman, Cohen, and Hadley)
| | - Stefka Fabbri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO (Dr Fabbri and Mr Anderson).
| | - Murphy Anderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO (Dr Fabbri and Mr Anderson)
| | - Ernest E Moore
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO (Dr Moore, Mr Ghasabyan, and XX Chandler)
| | - Mitchell J Cohen
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO (Drs Coleman, Cohen, and Hadley)
| | - Jamie Hadley
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO (Drs Coleman, Cohen, and Hadley)
| | - Arsen Ghasabyan
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO (Dr Moore, Mr Ghasabyan, and XX Chandler)
| | - James Chandler
- Department of Surgery, Ernest E. Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, CO (Dr Moore, Mr Ghasabyan, and XX Chandler)
| | | | - Kalev Freeman
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (Dr Freeman and XX Miller)
| | - Zachary D Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT (Dr Freeman and XX Miller)
| | - Christopher C Silliman
- Vitalant Research Institute, Denver CO (Ms Kelher and Dr Silliman); Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO (Dr Silliman)
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7
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Spiegelburg DT, Mannes M, Schultze A, Scheibenberger F, Müller F, Klitzing A, Messerer DAC, Nilsson Ekdahl K, Nilsson B, Huber-Lang M, Braun CK. Impact of surface coating and systemic anticoagulants on hemostasis and inflammation in a human whole blood model. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280069. [PMID: 36634087 PMCID: PMC9836312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface compatibility with blood is critical both for scientific investigations on hemostasis and clinical applications. Regarding in vitro and ex vivo investigations, minimal alteration in physiological hemostasis is of particular importance to draw reliable conclusions on the human coagulation system. At the same time, artificial coagulation activation must be avoided, which is relevant for the patient, for example to prevent stent graft occlusion. The aim was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of antithrombotic and antifouling surface coatings in the context of their suitability for ex vivo incubation and the study of coagulation properties. METHODS We investigated the impact of different protocols for surface coating of synthetic material and different anticoagulants on hemostasis and platelet activation in ex vivo human whole blood. Blood samples from healthy donors were incubated in coated microtubes on a rotating wheel at 37°C. Two protocols for surface coating were analyzed for hemostatic parameters and metabolic status, a heparin-based coating (CHC, Corline Heparin Conjugate) without further anticoagulation and a passivating coating (MPC, 2-methacryloyloxethyl phosphorylcholine) with added anticoagulants (enoxaparin, ENOX; or fondaparinux, FPX). Employing the MPC-based coating, the anticoagulants enoxaparin and fondaparinux were compared regarding their differential effects on plasmatic coagulation by thrombelastometry and on platelet activation by flowcytometry and platelet function assays. RESULTS Using the CHC coating, significant coagulation cascade activation was observed, whereas parameters remained mostly unchanged with MPC-based protocols. Extended incubation caused significantly elevated levels of the soluble membrane attack complex. Neither ENOX nor FPX caused a relevant impairment of platelet function or activation capacity and thrombelastometric parameters remained unchanged with both protocols. For translational purposes, we additionally modeled endotoxemia with the MPC-based protocols by incubating with lipopolysaccharide plus/minus thrombin. While coagulation parameters remained unchanged, elevated Interleukin 8 and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 demonstrated preserved immune cell responsiveness. CONCLUSIONS The MPC-based protocols demonstrated better hemocompatibility compared to CHC, and ENOX and FPX proved useful for additional anticoagulation. Furthermore, this simple-to-use whole blood model may be useful for experimental analyses of the early coagulatory and immunological response without decalcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Tabea Spiegelburg
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Marco Mannes
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anke Schultze
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frieder Scheibenberger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frederik Müller
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Amadeo Klitzing
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Alexander Christian Messerer
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Hemostaseology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kristina Nilsson Ekdahl
- Centre of Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bo Nilsson
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian Karl Braun
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Radziwon-Balicka A, Wiwe EF, Jensen TØ, Nielsen SG, Copois M, Sunde N, Peytz NC, Al-Mousawi DA, Hansen MC, Petersen JF, Nørskov AS, Lendorf ME, Hansen YB, Hansen TS, Burkhardt MA, Hansen KM, Jensen CA. Evaluation of a novel heparin-iloprost-based antithrombotic formulation blood collection tube for clinical usage. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 537:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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9
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Hochberg JD, Wirth DM, Pokorski JK. Surface-Modified Melt Coextruded Nanofibers Enhance Blood Clotting In Vitro. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200292. [PMID: 36122179 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Blood loss causes an estimated 1.9 million deaths per year globally, making new methods to stop bleeding and promote clot formation immediately following injury paramount. The fabrication of functional hemostatic materials has the potential to save countless lives by limiting bleeding and promoting clot formation following an injury. This work describes the melt manufacturing of poly(ε-caprolactone) nanofibers and their chemical functionalization to produce highly scalable materials with enhanced blood clotting properties. The nanofibers are manufactured using a high throughput melt coextrusion method. Once isolated, the nanofibers are functionalized with polymers that promote blood clotting through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The functional nanofibers described herein speed up the coagulation cascade and produce more robust blood clots, allowing for the potential use of these functional nonwoven mats as advanced bandages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin D Hochberg
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David M Wirth
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jonathan K Pokorski
- Department of NanoEngineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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10
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Ultraporous Polyquaternium-Carboxylated Chitosan Composite Hydrogel Spheres with Anticoagulant, Antibacterial, and Rapid Endotoxin Removal Profiles for Sepsis Treatment. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:3728-3742. [PMID: 35926229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemoperfusion is an important method to remove endotoxins and save the lives of patients with sepsis. However, the current adsorbents for hemoperfusion have disadvantages of insufficient endotoxin adsorption capacity, poor blood compatibility, and so on. Herein, we proposed a novel emulsion templating (ET) method to prepare ultraporous and double-network carboxylated chitosan (CCS)-poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) hydrogel spheres (ET-CCSPD), bearing both negative and positive charges. CCS was introduced to balance the strong positive charges of PDDA to improve hemocompatibility, and emulsion templates endowed the adsorbent with an ultraporous structure for enhanced adsorption efficacy. The ET-CCSPDs neither damaged blood cells nor activated complement responses. In addition, the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged to 8.5 times, which was beneficial for reducing the injection of anticoagulant in patients. The ET-CCSPDs had excellent scavenging performance against bacteria and endotoxin, with removal ratios of 96.7% for E. coli and 99.8% for S. aureus, respectively, and the static removal ratio of endotoxin in plasma was as high as 99.1% (C0 = 5.50 EU/mL, critical illness level). An adsorption cartridge filled with the ET-CCSPDs could remove 84.7% of endotoxin within 1 h (C0 = 100 EU/mL in PBS). Interestingly, the ET-CCSPDs had a good inhibitory effect on the cytokines produced by endotoxin-mediated septic blood. By developing the ET method to prepare ultraporous and double-network adsorbents, the problems of low adsorption efficiency and poor blood compatibility of traditional endotoxin adsorbents have been solved, thus opening a new route to fabricate absorbents for blood purification.
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11
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Li S, Zhang Y. Do Oral Factor Xa Inhibitors have a Role in Patients with Mechanical Heart Valves? Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2022; 22:595-600. [DOI: 10.1007/s40256-022-00544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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12
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Chevala NT, Kumar L, Veetilvalappil V, Mathew AJ, Paonam B, Mohan G, Shastry S, Balasubramanian K, Rao CM. Nanoporous and nano thickness film-forming bioactive composition for biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8198. [PMID: 35581396 PMCID: PMC9114407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmanageable bleeding is one of the significant causes of mortality. Attaining rapid hemostasis ensures subject survivability as a first aid during combats, road accidents, surgeries that reduce mortality. Nanoporous fibers reinforced composite scaffold (NFRCS) developed by a simple hemostatic film-forming composition (HFFC) (as a continuous phase) can trigger and intensify hemostasis. NFRCS developed was based on the dragonfly wing structure's structural design. Dragonfly wing structure consists of cross-veins and longitudinal wing veins inter-connected with wing membrane to maintain the microstructural integrity. The HFFC uniformly surface coats the fibers with nano thickness film and interconnects the randomly distributed cotton gauge (Ct) (dispersed phase), resulting in the formation of a nanoporous structure. Integrating continuous and dispersed phases reduce the product cost by ten times that of marketed products. The modified NFRCS (tampon or wrist band) can be used for various biomedical applications. The in vivo studies conclude that the developed Cp NFRCS triggers and intensifies the coagulation process at the application site. The NFRCS could regulate the microenvironment and act at the cellular level due to its nanoporous structure, which resulted in better wound healing in the excision wound model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Thirumalesh Chevala
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Vimal Veetilvalappil
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Aranjani Jesil Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Bemma Paonam
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ganesh Mohan
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shamee Shastry
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | | | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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13
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Quach HQ, Johnson C, Ekholt K, Islam R, Mollnes TE, Nilsson PH. Platelet-Depletion of Whole Blood Reveals That Platelets Potentiate the Release of IL-8 From Leukocytes Into Plasma in a Thrombin-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865386. [PMID: 35444648 PMCID: PMC9013889 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In a recent study, we found an elevated level of interleukin 8 (IL-8) in response to bacterial incubation in thrombin-sufficient human whole blood anticoagulated by the fibrin polymerization blocking peptide GPRP. Whether thrombin directly activated leukocytes or mediated the release via thrombin-dependent activation of platelets remains unresolved. Herein, we addressed the role of thrombin and platelets in IL-8 release. Methods We separated platelets from whole blood using a combination of 0.7% (w/v) citrate and GPRP for attenuating the hemostatic response during the separation of platelets. Cytokine responses were compared in whole blood and platelet-depleted blood upon Escherichia coli incubation. Cytokine responses were also profiled with and without reconstitution of either platelets or the supernatant from activated platelets. Results Platelets were not activated during the separation process but responded to stimuli upon re-calcification. Plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β were significantly reduced in platelet-depleted blood compared to whole blood, but recovered in the presence of platelets, or with the supernatant of activated platelets. The leukocyte fraction and platelets were each found to contribute to the elevation of IL-8 at around 5 ng/ml; however, if combined, the release of IL-8 increased to 26 ng/ml. This process was dependent on thrombin since the levels of IL-8 remained at 5 ng/ml in whole blood if thrombin was blocked. Intracellular staining revealed that monocytes were the main source for IL-8 expression. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the release of IL-8 is mediated by the leukocytes, mainly monocytes, but potentiated via thrombin-dependent activation of platelets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Quang Quach
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christina Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin Ekholt
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rakibul Islam
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital, K.G Jebsen Center TREC, University of Tromsø, Bodø, Norway.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Per H Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Chemistry and Biomedicine, Linnaeus Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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14
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Fanaroff AC, Vora AN, Lopes RD. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with valvular heart disease. Eur Heart J Suppl 2022; 24:A19-A31. [PMID: 35185406 PMCID: PMC8850709 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/suab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban have transformed the management of atrial fibrillation (AF), but are only approved by regulatory authorities for stroke prophylaxis in patients with so-called “non-valvular AF.” This terminology has spawned confusion about which patients with valvular heart disease benefit from NOACs and which should be treated with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) instead. Patients with valvular heart disease other than mechanical prosthetic valves or severe mitral stenosis (including those with bioprosthetic valves) were included in pivotal trials demonstrating the benefit of NOACs over VKAs, and consensus guidelines recommend NOACs over VKAs in these patients. Subsequent devoted randomized controlled trials in patients with AF and bioprosthetic valves, including transcatheter valves, have confirmed the safety of NOACs in this population. In patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis, observational studies indicate that NOACs may be safe and effective, but randomized controlled trials are ongoing. By contrast, a randomized controlled trial showed that dabigatran is harmful in patients with mechanical prosthetic mitral valves; however, these data may not extrapolate to patients with mechanical valve prostheses in other locations or to other NOACs, and randomized controlled trials are ongoing. In this review, we discuss these data in greater depth, and make recommendations for the use of NOACs in patients with valvular heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Fanaroff
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine; Penn Cardiovascular Outcomes, Quality, and Evaluative Research Center; and Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Amit N Vora
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, Harrisburg, PA, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, 2400 Pratt St, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Renato D Lopes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Duke University, 2400 Pratt St, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, PO Box 17969, Durham, NC 27715, USA
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15
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Everitt ML, Boegner DJ, Birukov KG, White IM. Sample-to-Answer Diagnostic System for the Detection of Circulating Histones in Whole Blood. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3006-3012. [PMID: 34270219 PMCID: PMC10993011 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Severe internal trauma results in millions of hospitalizations each year, including thousands of deaths caused by subsequent multiple organ failure. The majority of these deaths occur within the first 24 h, and thus, rapid diagnosis of internal trauma severity is necessary for immediate treatment. For early organ damage identification, diagnosis in point-of-care settings is crucial for rapid triage and treatment. Recent reports suggest that circulating histones may serve as a biomarker for severe organ damage and the risk of multiple organ failure. Here, we report a point-of-care diagnostic system that utilizes the inherent interactions between histones and DNA for the fluorescence-based detection of histones in whole blood. In the assay, histones within the sample are wrapped by DNA, thus preventing an intercalating dye from binding the DNA and fluorescing. To allow for quantitative fluorescent measurements to be made in a point-of-care setting, we integrate a rapid, automated blood separation step into our assay. Furthermore, we eliminate manual reagent additions using a thermally responsive alkane partition (TRAP), thus making the system sample-to-answer. Finally, we demonstrate the assay in a portable fluorescence reader compatible with a point-of-care environment. We report a limit of detection 112 ng/mL in whole blood, suggesting that our device can be used to rapidly diagnose internal trauma severity and the likelihood of multiple organ failure in near-patient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela L Everitt
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20740, United States
| | - David J Boegner
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20740, United States
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Anesthesiology Department, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore 21201, United States
| | - Ian M White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park 20740, United States
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16
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Mannuß S. Influence of different methods and anticoagulants on platelet parameter measurement. J LAB MED 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/labmed-2020-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Platelets are the smallest and perhaps the most versatile components of human blood. Besides their role in coagulation and the maintenance of vascular integrity, they are involved in many physiological processes, ranging from immune response and leukocyte recruitment to the production of antimicrobial peptides and immune-suppressive factors like TGF-β. These versatile abilities make platelets interesting for researchers from different disciplines. However, beside profound investigation into platelets’ physiological role, there is a need for correct, standardized and thus reproducible quantification of platelet parameters. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a widespread prognostic marker for several conditions, such as, acute coronary syndrome, chronic kidney disease and liver cirrhosis. Platelet activation is regarded as a marker for inflammatory processes, for example in autoimmune diseases such as type-1 diabetes, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. The monitoring of platelet function is relevant for patients receiving antiplatelet medication. Platelet parameter measurement is affected by the choice of in vitro anticoagulant, the measurement technology and the time delay after sampling. This review focuses on the pre-analytical variability that arises as a result of the use of different in vitro anticoagulants and analyzer technologies when determining platelet parameters, since, even approximately 180 years after the discovery of platelets, there is still no standardized procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Mannuß
- Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen , Institut für Labordiagnostik, Hygiene und Transfusionsmedizin , Ludwigshafen , Germany
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17
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Hu X, Li Y, Li J, Chen H. Effects of altered blood flow induced by the muscle pump on thrombosis in a microfluidic venous valve model. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:2473-2481. [PMID: 32543635 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00287a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) often occurs in the lower limb veins of bedridden patients and greatly reduces the quality of life. The altered blood flow in venous valves induced by the insufficient efficacy of the muscle pump is commonly considered as a main factor. However, it is still a great challenge to observe the altered blood flow in real time, and its role in the formation of thrombi is poorly understood. Here we make a microfluidic venous valve model with flexible leaflets in a deformable channel that can mimic the motion of valves and the compression of vessels by muscle contraction, and identify the stasis and intermittent reflux in the valve pocket generated by the muscle pump. A thrombus forms in the stasis flow, while the intermittent reflux removes the fibrin and inhibits the growth of the thrombus. A flexible microfluidic device that can mimic the motion of valves and the contraction of vessels would have wide applications in the research on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Mechanical Engineering Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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18
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Measurement of refractive index and viscosity for aqueous solution of sodium acetate, sodium carbonate, trisodium citrate, (glycerol + sodium acetate), (glycerol + sodium carbonate), and (glycerol + trisodium citrate) at T = 293.15 to 303.15 K and atmospheric pressure. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Delayed Thrombin Generation Is Associated with Minor Bleedings in Venous Thromboembolism Patients on Rivaroxaban: Usefulness of Calibrated Automated Thrombography. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072018. [PMID: 32605001 PMCID: PMC7409038 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleeding is the most feared and difficult to predict adverse event of anticoagulation. We sought to investigate whether calibrated automated thrombography (CAT) parameters are associated with minor bleeding (MB) in anticoagulated patients following venous thromboembolism (VTE). Enrolled were 132 patients on rivaroxaban, 145 on vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and 31 controls who stopped anticoagulation. Prior to the next dose of the anticoagulant, we measured CAT parameters, along with rivaroxaban concentration and INR. During a median follow-up of 10 months, we recorded minor and major bleedings. On rivaroxaban, 27 (20.5%) patients with MB had longer time to start thrombin generation, lower peak thrombin generation and lower endogenous thrombin potential compared with subjects without MB (all p < 0.001). All CAT parameters, except for peak thrombin generation (p = 0.049), were similar in VKA patients with (n = 25, 17.2%) vs. without MBs. By logistic regression, time to start thrombin generation (p = 0.007) and unprovoked VTE (p = 0.041) independently predicted MBs on rivaroxaban. Major bleedings were more frequent in patients with MBs (17.3% vs. 1.8%, p < 0.001). Abnormal CAT parameters characterize VTE patients prone to MBs on rivaroxaban, but not on VKA. Time to start thrombin generation measured about 24 h since the last rivaroxaban dose might help predict MBs.
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20
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Klein MK, Kassam HA, Lee RH, Bergmeier W, Peters EB, Gillis DC, Dandurand BR, Rouan JR, Karver MR, Struble MD, Clemons TD, Palmer LC, Gavitt B, Pritts TA, Tsihlis ND, Stupp SI, Kibbe MR. Development of Optimized Tissue-Factor-Targeted Peptide Amphiphile Nanofibers to Slow Noncompressible Torso Hemorrhage. ACS NANO 2020; 14:6649-6662. [PMID: 32469498 PMCID: PMC7587470 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Noncompressible torso hemorrhage accounts for a significant portion of preventable trauma deaths. We report here on the development of injectable, targeted supramolecular nanotherapeutics based on peptide amphiphile (PA) molecules that are designed to target tissue factor (TF) and, therefore, selectively localize to sites of injury to slow hemorrhage. Eight TF-targeting sequences were identified, synthesized into PA molecules, coassembled with nontargeted backbone PA at various weight percentages, and characterized via circular dichroism spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray scattering. Following intravenous injection in a rat liver hemorrhage model, two of these PA nanofiber coassemblies exhibited the most specific localization to the site of injury compared to controls (p < 0.05), as quantified using immunofluorescence imaging of injured liver and uninjured organs. To determine if the nanofibers were targeting TF in vivo, a mouse saphenous vein laser injury model was performed and showed that TF-targeted nanofibers colocalized with fibrin, demonstrating increased levels of nanofiber at TF-rich sites. Thromboelastograms obtained using samples of heparinized rat whole blood containing TF demonstrated that no clots were formed in the absence of TF-targeted nanofibers. Lastly, both PA nanofiber coassemblies decreased blood loss in comparison to sham and backbone nanofiber controls by 35-59% (p < 0.05). These data demonstrate an optimal TF-targeted nanofiber that localizes selectively to sites of injury and TF exposure, and, interestingly, reduces blood loss. This research represents a promising initial phase in the development of a TF-targeted injectable therapeutic to reduce preventable deaths from hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia K. Klein
- Department of Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hussein Aziz Kassam
- Department of Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Robert H. Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bergmeier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- UNC Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - Erica B. Peters
- Department of Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David C. Gillis
- Department of Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Brooke R. Dandurand
- Department of Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jessica R. Rouan
- Department of Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Mark R. Karver
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Mark D. Struble
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tristan D. Clemons
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Liam C. Palmer
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Brian Gavitt
- United States Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Timothy A. Pritts
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Nick D. Tsihlis
- Department of Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Melina R. Kibbe
- Department of Surgery and Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
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21
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Abstract
Studies using whole blood platelet aggregometry as a laboratory research tool, provided important insights into the mechanism and modulators of platelet aggregation. Subsequently, a number of point-of-care (POC) platelet function tests (PFTs) were developed for clinical use, based on the concept that an individual’s thrombotic profile could be assessed in vitro by assessing the response to stimulation of platelet aggregation by specific, usually solo agonists such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen and thrombin. However, adjusting antiplatelet medication in order to improve the results of such POC PFTs has not translated into a meaningful reduction in cardiovascular events, which may be attributable to important differences between the POC PFT techniques and in vivo conditions, including patient-to-patient variability. Important limitations of most tests include the use of citrate-anticoagulated blood. Citrate directly and irreversibly diminishes platelet function and even after recalcification, it may result in altered platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine or collagen, and interfere with thrombin generation from activated platelets. Furthermore, most tests do not employ flowing blood and therefore do not assess the effect of high shear forces on platelets that initiate, propagate and stabilize arterial thrombi. Finally, the effect of endogenous thrombolysis, due to fibrinolysis and dislodgement, which ultimately determines the outcome of a thrombotic stimulus, is mostly not assessed. In order to accurately reflect an individual’s predisposition to arterial thrombosis, future tests of thrombotic status which overcome these limitations should be used, to improve cardiovascular risk prediction and to guide pharmacotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Gorog
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Dovehouse Street, London, SW3 6LY, UK.
- University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, UK.
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22
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Pernal SP, Willis AJ, Sabo ME, Moore LM, Olson ST, Morris SC, Creighton FM, Engelhard HH. An in vitro Model System for Evaluating Remote Magnetic Nanoparticle Movement and Fibrinolysis. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:1549-1568. [PMID: 32210551 PMCID: PMC7071866 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s237395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thrombotic events continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and other thrombotic disorders. Use of tPA is limited by its narrow therapeutic time window, hemorrhagic complications, and insufficient delivery to the location of the thrombus. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been proposed for targeting tPA delivery. It would be advantageous to develop an improved in vitro model of clot formation, to screen thrombolytic therapies that could be enhanced by addition of MNPs, and to test magnetic drug targeting at human-sized distances. Methods We utilized commercially available blood and endothelial cells to construct 1/8th inch (and larger) biomimetic vascular channels in acrylic trays. MNP clusters were moved at a distance by a rotating permanent magnet and moved along the channels by surface walking. The effect of different transport media on MNP velocity was studied using video photography. MNPs with and without tPA were analyzed to determine their velocities in the channels, and their fibrinolytic effect in wells and the trays. Results MNP clusters could be moved through fluids including blood, at human-sized distances, down straight or branched channels, using the rotating permanent magnet. The greatest MNP velocity was closest to the magnet: 0.76 ± 0.03 cm/sec. In serum, the average MNP velocity was 0.10 ± 0.02 cm/sec. MNPs were found to enhance tPA delivery, and cause fibrinolysis in both static and dynamic studies. Fibrinolysis was observed to occur in 85% of the dynamic MNP + tPA experiments. Conclusion MNPs hold great promise for use in augmenting delivery of tPA for the treatment of stroke and other thrombotic conditions. This model system facilitates side by side comparisons of MNP-facilitated drug delivery, at a human scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Pernal
- The Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alexander J Willis
- The Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Steven T Olson
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Herbert H Engelhard
- The Cancer Center, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Sex-specific alteration to α2-antiplasmin incorporation in patients with type 2 diabetes. Thromb Res 2020; 185:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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New strategy for carbon monoxide poisoning diagnosis: Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) vs Total Blood Carbon Monoxide (TBCO). Forensic Sci Int 2019; 306:110063. [PMID: 31790891 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of carbon monoxide (CO) poisonings has always been a challenging task due to the susceptibility to alterations of the optical state and degradation of blood samples during sampling, transport and storage, which highly affects the analysis with spectrophotometric methods. Methodological improvements are then required urgently because of increased reports of cases with discrepancies between results of the measured biomarker carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and reported symptoms. Total blood CO (TBCO) measured chromatographically was thus proposed in a previous study as alternative biomarker to COHb. This approach was investigated in this study by comparing the two biomarkers and assessing the effects of various storage parameters (temperature, preservative, time, tube headspace (HS) volume, initial saturation level, freeze- and thaw- and reopening-cycles) over a period of one month. Results show that while for TBCO, concentrations are relatively stable over the observation period regardless of parameters such as temperature, time and HS volume, for COHb, concentrations are altered significantly during storage. Therefore, the use of TBCO as alternative biomarker for CO poisonings has been proposed, since it provides more valid results and is more stable even under non-optimal storage conditions. Additionally, it can be used to predict COHb in cases where sample degradation hinders optical measurement. Furthermore, a correction formula for COHb and TBCO is provided to be used in laboratories or circumstances where optimal storage or analysis is not possible, to obtain more accurate results.
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25
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Sarode DN, Roy S. In Vitro models for thrombogenicity testing of blood-recirculating medical devices. Expert Rev Med Devices 2019; 16:603-616. [PMID: 31154869 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2019.1627199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood-recirculating medical devices, such as mechanical circulatory support (MCS), extracorporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMO), and hemodialyzers, are commonly used to treat or improve quality of life in patients with cardiac, pulmonary, and renal failure, respectively. As part of their regulatory approval, guidelines for thrombosis evaluation in pre-clinical development have been established. In vitro testing evaluates a device's potential to produce thrombosis markers in static and dynamic flow loops. AREAS COVERED This review focuses on in vitro static and dynamic models to assess thrombosis in blood-recirculating medical devices. A summary of key devices is followed by a review of molecular markers of contact activation. Current thrombosis testing guidance documents, ISO 10993-4, ASTM F-2888, and F-2382 will be discussed, followed by analysis of their application to in vitro testing models. EXPERT OPINION In general, researchers have favored in vivo models to thoroughly evaluate thrombosis, limiting in vitro evaluation to hemolysis. In vitro studies are not standardized and it is often difficult to compare studies on similar devices. As blood-recirculating devices have advanced to include wearable and implantable artificial organs, expanded guidelines standardizing in vitro testing are needed to identify the thrombotic potential without excessive use of in vivo resources during pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika N Sarode
- a Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Shuvo Roy
- a Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
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26
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Bryk AH, Prior SM, Plens K, Konieczynska M, Hohendorff J, Malecki MT, Butenas S, Undas A. Predictors of neutrophil extracellular traps markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus: associations with a prothrombotic state and hypofibrinolysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:49. [PMID: 30992036 PMCID: PMC6469138 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a hypercoagulable state and increased neutrophil extracellular traps formation (NETosis). We investigated predictors of NETosis and cell death markers in circulating blood and their association with a prothrombotic state in T2DM. METHODS In a cross-sectional study involving 113 T2DM patients aged 63.7 ± 8.2 years, we investigated citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit), cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid (cfDNA), myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase, and inflammation markers, along with thrombin generation (TG), plasma clot lysis time (CLT), clot permeability (Ks) and fibrinolysis inhibitors. RESULTS On multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and gender, predictors of high H3Cit (≥ 7.36 ng/mL, upper quartile) were: glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7.0% and interleukin-6. Interleukin-6 was also found to be a predictor of high cfDNA (≥ 2.84 µg/mL, upper quartile) along with glucose. Citrullinated histone H3 and cfDNA correlated positively with CLT and inversely with Ks, while TG associated solely with cfDNA. These associations were not seen with myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase. Patients with previous myocardial infarction (n = 21, 18.6%) had higher H3Cit (+108%, p < 0.001) and cfDNA (+45%, p = 0.022). On multivariable analysis adjusted for potential confounders, H3Cit and cfDNA, along with plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and concomitant cardiovascular disease, were predictors of CLT. Citrullinated histone H3 alone was a predictor of Ks and only cfDNA was a predictor of peak thrombin generated. CONCLUSIONS In T2DM, NETosis detectable in circulating blood is associated with inflammatory state and a prothrombotic state, especially hypofibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata H. Bryk
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Pradnicka St., 31-202 Krakow, Poland
- John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Shannon M. Prior
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT USA
| | | | | | - Jerzy Hohendorff
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maciej T. Malecki
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Saulius Butenas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT USA
| | - Anetta Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Pradnicka St., 31-202 Krakow, Poland
- John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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27
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Ząbczyk M, Królczyk G, Czyżewicz G, Plens K, Prior S, Butenas S, Undas A. Altered fibrin clot properties in advanced lung cancer: strong impact of cigarette smoking. Med Oncol 2019; 36:37. [PMID: 30891644 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-019-1262-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dense fibrin networks resistant to lysis have been reported in patients at high risk of thromboembolism. Little is known about fibrin clot properties in cancer. We investigated fibrin clot properties and their determinants in patients with inoperable lung cancer. METHODS We enrolled 150 patients with advanced lung cancer prior to therapy and 90 control subjects matched by age, sex, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Plasma clot permeability (Ks), turbidimetric analysis of clot formation, clot lysis time (CLT), microparticle-associated tissue factor (MP-TF) activity, thrombin generation, and serum cotinine levels were determined. RESULTS Lung cancer patients, compared with controls, formed at a faster rate (- 8.1% lag phase) denser plasma fibrin networks (- 27.2% Ks) that displayed impaired lysis (+ 26.5% CLT), along with 19.5% higher MP-TF activity and 100% higher peak thrombin generated, also after adjustment for potential confounders. Cotinine levels were associated with fibrin maximum absorbance (r = 0.20, p = 0.016) and Ks (r = - 0.50, p < 0.0001) in cancer patients. On multivariate regression analysis, an increase in cotinine levels was a predictor of low Ks (the lower quartile, < 5.8 × 10-9 cm2; odds ratio = 1.21 per 10 ng/ml, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.46), but not CLT. CONCLUSION Advanced lung cancer is associated with the prothrombotic plasma clot phenotype largely driven by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ząbczyk
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Prądnicka Str. 31-202, Kraków, Poland.,Center for Research and Medical Technology, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Królczyk
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Prądnicka Str. 31-202, Kraków, Poland.,Oncology Ward, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Czyżewicz
- Oncology Ward, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Shannon Prior
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 360 South Park Drive, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Saulius Butenas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 360 South Park Drive, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Anetta Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Prądnicka Str. 31-202, Kraków, Poland. .,Center for Research and Medical Technology, John Paul II Hospital, Pradnicka 80, 31-202, Kraków, Poland. .,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, IX Wiekow Kielc 19A, 25-317, Kielce, Poland.
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28
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Borisov AS, Malov AA, Kolesnikov SV, Lomivorotov VV. Renal Replacement Therapy in Adult Patients After Cardiac Surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 33:2273-2286. [PMID: 30871949 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Borisov
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrey A Malov
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey V Kolesnikov
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Lomivorotov
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, E. Meshalkin National Medical Research Center, Novosibirsk, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia.
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29
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Brake MA, Ivanciu L, Maroney SA, Martinez ND, Mast AE, Westrick RJ. Assessing Blood Clotting and Coagulation Factors in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 9:e61. [PMID: 30875463 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian blood coagulation system was designed to restrict blood loss due to injury as well as keep the blood fluid within the blood vessels of the organism. Blood coagulation activity in inbred mouse strains varies widely among strains, suggesting that many genomic variants affect hemostasis. Some of these molecules have been discovered and characterized; however, many are still unknown. Genetically modified mouse technologies are providing a plethora of new mouse models for investigating the regulation of blood coagulation. Here we provide a protocol for the tail bleeding time as a primary assessment of in vivo blood coagulation, as well as in vitro methods such as the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and thrombin generation assay. We also provide protocols for the assessment of the activities of specific known factors involved in blood coagulation. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A Brake
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Lacramioara Ivanciu
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Divison of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Susan A Maroney
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Nicolas D Martinez
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alan E Mast
- Blood Research Institute, Blood Center of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.,Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Randal J Westrick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan.,Center for Data Science and Big Data Analysis, Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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30
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Jin X, Ma Q, Sun Z, Yang X, Zhou Q, Qu G, Liu Q, Liao C, Li Z, Jiang G. Airborne Fine Particles Induce Hematological Effects through Regulating the Crosstalk of the Kallikrein-Kinin, Complement, and Coagulation Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:2840-2851. [PMID: 30742439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Particulate air pollution caused by human activities has drawn global attention due to its potential health risks. Considering the inevitable contact of inhaled airborne fine particulate matter (PM) with plasma, the hematological effects of PM are worthy of study. In this study, the potential effect of PM on hematological homeostasis through triggering the crosstalk of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), complement, and coagulation systems in plasma was investigated. The ex vivo, in vitro, and in vivo KKS activation assays confirmed that PM samples could efficiently cause the cascade activation of key zymogens in the KKS, wherein the particles coupled with lipopolysaccharide attachment provided substantial contribution. The binding of Hageman factor XII (FXII) with PM samples and its subsequent autoactivation initiated this process. The crucial elements in the complement cascade, including complement 3 (C3) and complement 5 (C5), and coagulation system (prothrombin) were also found to be actively induced by PM exposure, which was regulated by the interplay of KKS activation. The data provided solid evidence on hematological effects of airborne PM through inducing the activation of the KKS, complement, and coagulation systems, which would be valuable in the risk assessment on air-pollution-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , PR China
| | - Qianchi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Zhendong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , PR China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , PR China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
- Institute of Environment and Health , Jianghan University , Wuhan 430056 , PR China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
| | - Zhuoyu Li
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences , Shanxi University , Taiyuan 030006 , PR China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology , Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085 , PR China
- College of Resources and Environment , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , PR China
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31
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van Niekerk G, Mitchell M, Engelbrecht AM. Bone resorption: supporting immunometabolism. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2017.0783. [PMID: 29491030 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the immune system is associated with an increase in the breakdown of various peripheral tissues, including bone. Despite the widely appreciated role of inflammatory mediators in promoting bone resorption, the functional value behind this process is not completely understood. Recent advances in the field of immunometabolism have highlighted the metabolic reprogramming that takes place in activated immune cells. It is now believed that the breakdown of peripheral tissue provides metabolic substrates to fuel metabolic anabolism in activated immune cells. We argue that phosphate, liberated by bone resorption, plays an indispensable role in sustaining immune cell metabolism. The liberated phosphate is then incorporated into macromolecules such as nucleotides and phospholipids, and is also used for the phosphorylation of metabolites (e.g. glycolytic intermediates). In addition, magnesium, also liberated during the breakdown of bone, is an essential cofactor required by various metabolic enzymes which are upregulated in activated immune cells. Finally, calcium activates various additional molecules involved in immune cell migration. Taken together, these factors suggest a key role for bone resorption during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Megan Mitchell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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32
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Simon J, Müller J, Ghazaryan A, Morsbach S, Mailänder V, Landfester K. Protein denaturation caused by heat inactivation detrimentally affects biomolecular corona formation and cellular uptake. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21096-21105. [PMID: 30427359 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07424k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of blood proteins to the surface of nanocarriers is known to be the critical factor influencing cellular interactions and eventually determining the successful application of nanocarriers as drug carriers in vivo. There is an increasing number of reports summarizing large data sets of all identified corona proteins. However, to date our knowledge about the multiple mechanisms mediating interactions between proteins and nanocarriers is still limited. In this study, we investigate the influence of protein structure on the adsorption process and focus on the effect of heat inactivation of serum and plasma, which is a common cell culture procedure used to inactivate the complement system. As in general routine lab procedure, heat inactivation was performed at 56 °C for 30 min in order to denature heat labile proteins. When nanocarriers were exposed to native versus heat inactivated serum, we saw that the cellular uptake by macrophages was significantly affected. These results were then correlated with an altered corona composition that depended on the treatment of the protein source. In summary, we were able to prove that the protein structure is one of the key parameters determining protein corona formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Simon
- Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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33
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Królczyk G, Ząbczyk M, Czyżewicz G, Plens K, Prior S, Butenas S, Undas A. Altered fibrin clot properties in advanced lung cancer: impact of chemotherapy. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:6863-6872. [PMID: 30746232 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.11.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Faster formation of dense and poorly lyzable fibrin networks have been reported in patients at risk of thromboembolism, including cancer patients. We sought to investigate whether chemotherapy affects plasma fibrin clot properties and their determinants in lung cancer patients. Methods In this observational study we enrolled 83 consecutive patients with advanced inoperable lung cancer. Plasma fibrin clot permeability (Ks), turbidimetric analysis of clot formation, clot lysis time (CLT), microparticle-associated tissue factor (MP-TF) activity, and thrombin generation parameters were investigated at enrolment and 3-4 months after standard chemotherapy. Results Lung cancer patients after 4 (range, 4-5) cycles of chemotherapy had 35.6% higher D-dimer, 22.1% lower MP-TF activity, and unaltered fibrinogen compared with baseline. Chemotherapy resulted also in 7.5% increased Ks, 8.6% prolonged lag phase, and 5.4% shortened CLT, while thrombin generation was unchanged. Chemotherapy-related differences in clot structure were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy images. Fibrin clot properties after chemotherapy did not differ among histological types of lung cancer, cancer stages or chemotherapy regimens. Interestingly, never smoking (n=13, 16%) was associated with looser post-treatment fibrin structure as reflected by 12.3% higher Ks. Multiple linear regression showed that more advanced cancer stage, higher peak thrombin generation, and higher white blood cell count determined post-treatment change in Ks, while active smoking was associated with change in CLT. Conclusions Three-month chemotherapy in lung cancer patients improves clot properties despite unaffected thrombin generation, suggesting that anticancer treatment might quickly produce antithrombotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Królczyk
- Oncology Ward, John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Cracow, Poland
| | - Michał Ząbczyk
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College and John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland
| | | | | | - Shannon Prior
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Saulius Butenas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Anetta Undas
- Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College and John Paul II Hospital, Cracow, Poland.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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34
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Schatz T, Howard S, Porter D, Grove K, Smith ME, Chen Y. Improved Method for the ASTM Platelet and Leukocyte Assay: Use of Minimal Heparinization in a Screening Test for Hemocompatibility of Blood-Contacting Medical Devices. J Med Device 2018. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4041805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Most blood-contacting medical devices must be assessed for potential thrombogenicity prior to regulatory approval. A common assay for screening and qualifying devices involves monitoring the reduction of platelet and leukocyte (P&L) counts in whole blood exposed to the device. We have validated an improved method for assessing a device's effect on platelet activation and surface adhesion, offering significant improvement over the current ASTM F2888-13 method, which uses blood fully anticoagulated by acidified citrate (known to significantly inhibit platelet responsiveness). Our method uses minimal heparinization (final concentration 1 IU/mL) to optimize the response to commonly used control materials: latex, black rubber, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). We also have shown the assay's capacity to appropriately assess a legally marketed comparator device (LMCD) with a documented clinical history. The test materials were prepared for incubation and allowed to remain in contact with the citrated or heparinized blood for ∼1 h at 37 °C. A complete blood count was performed prior to exposure, and at the end of the incubation period, reductions in P&L counts were recorded. Results from citrate-anticoagulated assay showed only a marginal response to the positive control, black rubber. Using heparinized blood, the assay generated a robust response to the positive controls, the “intermediate scoring” controls, and also assessed a legally marketed and approved device as clearly nonthrombogenic. This modification adds robustness and sensitivity to this quick and inexpensive thrombogenicity assay and should be incorporated into the next ASTM standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Schatz
- American Preclinical Services, 8945 Evergreen Boulevard, Coon Rapids, MN 55433 e-mails:
| | - Sarah Howard
- American Preclinical Services, 8945 Evergreen Boulevard, Coon Rapids, MN 55433 e-mail:
| | - Deanna Porter
- Abbott Laboratories, 177 East County Road B, St. Paul, MN 55117 e-mail:
| | - Kent Grove
- Abbott Laboratories, 177 East County Road B, St. Paul, MN 55117 e-mail:
| | - Mark E. Smith
- American Preclinical Services, 8945 Evergreen Boulevard, Coon Rapids, MN 55433 e-mail:
| | - Yan Chen
- American Preclinical Services, 8945 Evergreen Boulevard, Coon Rapids, MN 55433 e-mail:
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35
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Olsen AL, Long M. Comparison of catheter thrombogenicity in a modified chandler loop model using goat blood. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:3143-3151. [PMID: 30194709 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Thrombogenicity testing is a key component in the development of medical devices intended for contact with blood. The Chandler loop system has previously been used as an in vitro thrombogenicity testing method. In this study, we used a modified version of the Chandler loop model to evaluate its capacity to detect differential thrombogenic potential of different catheter materials using goat blood. We also sought to determine the optimal experimental conditions for detecting the thrombogenicity of catheter material. Using the Chandler loop system with goat blood we demonstrated that silicone catheters had a stronger thrombogenicity as compared to polyurethane catheters as evidenced by significantly larger thrombi (p < 0.001) and higher infusion pressures (p < 0.05). This is consistent with many, but not all, previous in vitro and in vivo studies comparing polyurethane to silicone catheters. The use of this modified Chandler loop system with goat blood may provide an additional in vitro testing platform for thrombogenicity testing of catheters. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 3143-3151, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Olsen
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
| | - Michael Long
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, Utah
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36
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Goldman S, Prior SM, Bembenek JP, Niewada M, Broniatowska E, Członkowska A, Butenas S, Undas A. Activation of blood coagulation and thrombin generation in acute ischemic stroke treated with rtPA. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2018; 44:362-370. [PMID: 28879581 PMCID: PMC5617868 DOI: 10.1007/s11239-017-1544-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The impact of thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) on blood coagulation in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients is not completely understood. We studied the effect of thrombolysis on the thrombin generation (TG) profile as well as coagulant activity of activated factors IX (FIXa), XI (FXIa) and tissue factor (TF) in AIS patients. In a case-control study, TG parameters as well as FIXa, FXIa and TF levels were assessed in 95 AIS patients, including individuals receiving rtPA treatment within 4.5 h since AIS onset (n = 71, 74.7%) and those ineligible for thrombolysis (n = 24, 25.3%). Blood samples were collected at baseline and after 24 h since admission. The two groups were similar with regard to demographics and clinical factors. In thrombolysed patients, all TG parameters measured after 24 h were markedly decreased, with strongest impact on lag time (LT), when compared with the baseline values (81.3% longer LT, p < 0.0001), as well as when compared to the non-thrombolysed group (86% longer LT, p = 0.002). In non-thrombolysed AIS patients the TG remained unaltered. Logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders showed that high baseline ETP value (the top quartile) was solely predicted by the presence of circulating FIXa, whereas after 24 h FXIa predicted high ETP in the subgroup of thrombolysed and in all AIS patients. Thrombolysis in AIS patients markedly attenuates the TG. Elevated FXIa contributes to thrombin formation capacity after 24 h, highlighting a role of this factor in the regulation of blood coagulation in AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Goldman
- Krakow Center for Medical Research and Technology, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Shannon M Prior
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Jan P Bembenek
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Niewada
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Broniatowska
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Członkowska
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Saulius Butenas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Anetta Undas
- Krakow Center for Medical Research and Technology, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland. .,Institute of Cardiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 80 Pradnicka St., 31-202, Krakow, Poland.
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37
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Ades S, Douce D, Holmes CE, Cory S, Prior S, Butenas S, Callas P, Cushman M. Effect of rosuvastatin on risk markers for venous thromboembolism in cancer. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:1099-1106. [PMID: 29575637 DOI: 10.1111/jth.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Statins lower venous thromboembolism risk in general but have not been studied in cancer patients. We completed a randomized trial of rosuvastatin vs. placebo among cancer patients on chemotherapy. Rosuvastatin did not significantly lower prothrombotic biomarkers including D-dimer. The role of statins in venous thrombosis prevention in cancer patients remains unknown. SUMMARY Background Statin therapy is associated with lower risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) but has not been prospectively evaluated in patients with advanced cancer. Objectives We determined if statin administration in this high-risk population reduces the risk of VTE, based on established and emerging biomarkers. Patients/Methods This double-blind, crossover, randomized controlled trial among patients with advanced cancer receiving systemic therapy allocated participants to rosuvastatin 20 mg daily or placebo for 3-4 weeks prior to crossover to the alternative therapy, with a 3-5-week washout. D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), soluble (s)P-selectin, factor VIII (FVIII), thrombin generation and exploratory biomarkers focusing on endogenous thrombin potential, including tissue factor (TF), activated factor IX (FIXa) and activated factor XI (FXIa), were measured at the start and end of both treatment periods. The primary outcome was change in D-dimer with rosuvastatin compared with placebo. Results Of 38 enrolled participants, 24 (63%) completed the study. Rosuvastatin did not cause statistically significant changes in D-dimer levels or any other biomarker. CRP levels decreased by 40%; 4.3 mg L-1 (95% confidence interval, -11.0 to +2.5 mg L-1 ) compared with placebo. In post-hoc analysis, participants who received rosuvastatin initially during their first line of treatment had a 13% decrease in D-dimer. Circulating TF, FIXa and FXIa were detected in 26%, 68% and 71% of cancer patients despite not being found in healthy individuals. Conclusions Rosuvastatin did not cause favorable changes in biomarkers of VTE risk in advanced cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The role of statin therapy as thromboprophylaxis in the cancer population remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ades
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - D Douce
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - C E Holmes
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S Cory
- Department of Graduate Entry Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S Prior
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - S Butenas
- Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - P Callas
- Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - M Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Shinohara S, Eom N, Teh EJ, Tamada K, Parsons D, Craig VSJ. The Role of Citric Acid in the Stabilization of Nanoparticles and Colloidal Particles in the Environment: Measurement of Surface Forces between Hafnium Oxide Surfaces in the Presence of Citric Acid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:2595-2605. [PMID: 29406739 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interactions between colloidal particles and nanoparticles determine solution stability and the structures formed when the particles are unstable to flocculation. Therefore, knowledge of the interparticle interactions is important for understanding the transport, dissolution, and fate of particles in the environment. The interactions between particles are governed by the surface properties of the particles, which are altered when species adsorb to the surface. The important interactions in the environment are almost never those between the bare particles but rather those between particles that have been modified by the adsorption of natural organic materials. Citric acid is important in this regard not only because it is present in soil but also as a model of humic and fulvic acids. Here we have studied the surface forces between the model metal oxide surface hafnia in the presence of citric acid in order to understand the stability of colloidal particles and nanoparticles. We find that citric acid stabilizes the particles over a wide range of pH at low to moderate ionic strength. At high ionic strength, colloidal particles will flocculate due to a secondary minimum, resulting in aggregates that are dense and easily redispersed. In contrast, nanoparticles stabilized by citric acid remain stable at high ionic strengths and therefore exist in solution as individual particles; this will contribute to their dispersion in the environment and the uptake of nanoparticles by mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Shinohara
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , CE41 ITO Campus, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Namsoon Eom
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - E-Jen Teh
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Kaoru Tamada
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University , CE41 ITO Campus, 744 Motooka, Nishiku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Drew Parsons
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University , 90 South St., Murdoch, 6150 WA, Australia
| | - Vincent S J Craig
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Vu T, Fredenburgh J, Weitz J. Zinc: An important cofactor in haemostasis and thrombosis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 109:421-30. [DOI: 10.1160/th12-07-0465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThere is mounting evidence that zinc, the second most abundant transition metal in blood, is an important mediator of haemostasis and thrombosis. Prompted by the observation that zinc deficiency is associated with bleeding and clotting abnormalities, there now is evidence that zinc serves as an effector of coagulation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis. Zinc binds numerous plasma proteins and modulates their structure and function. Because activated platelets secrete zinc into the local microenvironment, the concentration of zinc increases in the vicinity of a thrombus. Consequently, the role of zinc varies depending on the microenvironment; a feature that endows zinc with the capacity to spatially and temporally regulate haemostasis and thrombosis. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which zinc regulates coagulation, platelet aggregation, anticoagulation and fibrinolysis and outlines how zinc serves as a ubiquitous modulator of haemostasis and thrombosis.
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Multipurpose HTS Coagulation Analysis: Assay Development and Assessment of Coagulopathic Snake Venoms. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9120382. [PMID: 29186818 PMCID: PMC5744102 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9120382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulation assays currently employed are often low throughput, require specialized equipment and/or require large blood/plasma samples. This study describes the development, optimization and early application of a generic low-volume and high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for coagulation activity. The assay is a time-course spectrophotometric measurement which kinetically measures the clotting profile of bovine or human plasma incubated with Ca2+ and a test compound. The HTS assay can be a valuable new tool for coagulation diagnostics in hospitals, for research in coagulation disorders, for drug discovery and for venom research. A major effect following envenomation by many venomous snakes is perturbation of blood coagulation caused by haemotoxic compounds present in the venom. These compounds, such as anticoagulants, are potential leads in drug discovery for cardiovascular diseases. The assay was implemented in an integrated analytical approach consisting of reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) for separation of crude venom components in combination with parallel post-column coagulation screening and mass spectrometry (MS). The approach was applied for the rapid assessment and identification of profiles of haemotoxic compounds in snake venoms. Procoagulant and anticoagulant activities were correlated with accurate masses from the parallel MS measurements, facilitating the detection of peptides showing strong anticoagulant activity.
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Ducore J, Lawrence JB, Simpson M, Boggio L, Bellon A, Burggraaf J, Stevens J, Moerland M, Frieling J, Reijers J, Wang M. Safety and dose-dependency of eptacog beta (activated) in a dose escalation study of non-bleeding congenital haemophilia A or B patients, with or without inhibitors. Haemophilia 2017; 23:844-851. [PMID: 28984010 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Varying initial doses of activated eptacog beta (recombinant human FVIIa, rhFVIIa) may provide therapeutic options when treating bleeding in patients with congenital haemophilia who have developed inhibitory antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX). This study evaluated escalated doses of a new rhFVIIa product as a prelude to selecting the doses for clinical efficacy evaluation in haemophilia patients. AIM To assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and laboratory pharmacodynamics of 3 doses of rhFVIIa in non-bleeding patients with congenital haemophilia A or B with or without inhibitors. METHODS Adult male patients (18-75 years old) with congenital haemophilia A or B (with or without inhibitors) received infusions of rhFVIIa at doses of 25, 75 or 225 μg/kg body weight. Ten patients were treated at each dose level, and each patient received 2 different dose levels. Descriptive methods were used to analyse the data. RESULTS Administration of rhFVIIa at all doses was well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that peak FVIIa plasma levels (Cmax ) were approximately proportional to dose and correlated well with peak thrombin generation. Total AUC0-inf also was approximately dose proportional. Clot formation and duration correlated with FVIIa activity. Repeat doses did not produce an immunological response. CONCLUSION In the first dose-escalation study of rhFVIIa to support product registration, eptacog beta at doses of 25, 75, and 225 μg/kg was pharmacodynamically active and well tolerated in non-bleeding patients with congenital haemophilia A or B.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ducore
- University of California, Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - M Simpson
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Boggio
- Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - J Burggraaf
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Stevens
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Moerland
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Reijers
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Wang
- Hemophilia & Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Correlation between factor (F)XIa, FIXa and tissue factor and trauma severity. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2017; 82:1073-1079. [PMID: 28328676 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been observed that trauma patients often display elevated procoagulant activity that could be caused, in part, by tissue factor (TF). We previously observed that trauma patients with thermal, blunt, and penetrating injuries have active FIXa and FXIa in their plasma. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of injury severity, with or without accompanying shock, on the frequency and concentration of TF, FIXa, and FXIa in plasma from trauma patients. METHODS Eighty trauma patients were enrolled and divided equally into four groups based on their Injury Severity Score and base deficit:Blood was collected at a 0 time-point (first blood draw upon arrival at hospital) and citrate plasma was prepared, frozen, and stored at -80 °C. FXIa, FIXa, and TF activity assays were based on a response of thrombin generation to corresponding monoclonal inhibitory antibodies. RESULTS The frequency and median concentrations of TF were relatively low in non-severe injury groups (17.5% and 0 pM, respectively) but were higher in those with severe injury (65% and 0.5 pM, respectively). Although FXIa was observed in 91% of samples and was high across all four groups, median concentrations were highest (by approximately fourfold) in groups with shock. FIXa was observed in 80% of plasma samples and concentrations varied in a relatively narrow range between all four groups. No endogenous activity was observed in plasma from healthy individuals. CONCLUSIONS (1) Frequency and concentration of TF is higher in patients with a higher trauma severity. (2) Concentration of FXIa is higher in patients with shock. (3) For the first time reported, the vast majority of plasma samples from trauma patients contain active FIXa and FXIa. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic/epidemiological study, level II.
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Lichtenhan JD, Hildebrandt DA, Lancaster LJ. The thrombogenic activity of POSS silanols. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:8788-8796. [PMID: 28275773 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00487g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In vitro studies into the interaction of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) trisilanols with porcine and human red blood cells (erythrocytes), and mouse fibroblasts is reported. The observations are in agreement with previously reported erythrocyte activity of silanol containing minerals. However the multifunctionality imparted by the POSS silanols provides for their expansion of utility in traumatic hemorrhage and wound care. Further, in vitro tissue studies of i-octyltrisilanol POSS cages are in agreement with reported findings of related POSS serving as tissue scaffolds by providing cellular binding sites and porosity for cellular taxis. The resulting effect is increased rates of tissue healing.
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Comparison of citrated and fresh whole blood for viscoelastic coagulation testing during elective neurosurgery. Thromb Res 2017; 156:73-79. [PMID: 28601642 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous viscoelastic haemostatic tests studies have often indicated a hypercoagulative test signal with citrated blood, which could influence clinical decision makings. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare fresh and citrated whole blood using two non-automated viscoelastic ROTEM and Sonoclot tests. Our hypothesis was that citrated blood would demonstrate a hypercoagulative response in this setting, not tested before. METHODS Perioperative viscoelastic coagulation changes were evaluated with a ROTEM and Sonoclot in 38 patients undergoing elective brain tumor surgery. The citrated samples were recalcified with CaCl2. Wilcoxon nonparametric-paired tests and Bland-Altman plots were performed to compare the fresh and citrated blood analyses. RESULTS The citrated blood showed a hypercoagulative response in ROTEM NATEM-clot formation time and α-angle, Sonoclot-clot rate and platelet function, as compared to fresh blood (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Fresh whole blood may theoretically reflect in vivo haemostasis more closely than citrated analyses, which indicated a hypercoagulative response as compared to the fresh whole blood analyses Bland-Altman plots also indicated that ROTEM reference ranges in patients undergoing brain surgery should be redefined. Future studies must establish the correlation between viscoelastic test results using fresh or citrate anticoagulated blood and clinical outcomes, such as bleeding, transfusion or reoperation for postoperative haematoma.
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Ajdari N, Vyas C, Bogan SL, Lwaleed BA, Cousins BG. Gold nanoparticle interactions in human blood: a model evaluation. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 13:1531-1542. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2017.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Yeon JH, Mazinani N, Schlappi TS, Chan KYT, Baylis JR, Smith SA, Donovan AJ, Kudela D, Stucky GD, Liu Y, Morrissey JH, Kastrup CJ. Localization of Short-Chain Polyphosphate Enhances its Ability to Clot Flowing Blood Plasma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42119. [PMID: 28186112 PMCID: PMC5301195 DOI: 10.1038/srep42119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain polyphosphate (polyP) is released from platelets upon platelet activation, but it is not clear if it contributes to thrombosis. PolyP has increased propensity to clot blood with increased polymer length and when localized onto particles, but it is unknown whether spatial localization of short-chain polyP can accelerate clotting of flowing blood. Here, numerical simulations predicted the effect of localization of polyP on clotting under flow, and this was tested in vitro using microfluidics. Synthetic polyP was more effective at triggering clotting of flowing blood plasma when localized on a surface than when solubilized in solution or when localized as nanoparticles, accelerating clotting at 10-200 fold lower concentrations, particularly at low to sub-physiological shear rates typical of where thrombosis occurs in large veins or valves. Thus, sub-micromolar concentrations of short-chain polyP can accelerate clotting of flowing blood plasma under flow at low to sub-physiological shear rates. However, a physiological mechanism for the localization of polyP to platelet or vascular surfaces remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hun Yeon
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nima Mazinani
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Travis S Schlappi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Karen Y T Chan
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James R Baylis
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Alexander J Donovan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Damien Kudela
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Galen D Stucky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James H Morrissey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Christian J Kastrup
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Abstract
Evaluation of platelet function is important for understanding the physiology of hemostasis and thrombosis and is utilized in clinical practice to diagnose inherited and acquired platelet bleeding disorders. Flow cytometry is a powerful tool for rapid evaluation of multiple functional properties of large number of platelets in whole blood and offers many advantages over other traditional methods. Attention to pre-analytical factors is required to ensure biologically valid and robust results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Pasalic
- Deparments of Clinical and Laboratory Haematology, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- Sydney Centres for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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Zhu S, Herbig BA, Li R, Colace TV, Muthard RW, Neeves KB, Diamond SL. In microfluidico: Recreating in vivo hemodynamics using miniaturized devices. Biorheology 2016; 52:303-18. [PMID: 26600269 DOI: 10.3233/bir-15065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices create precisely controlled reactive blood flows and typically involve: (i) validated anticoagulation/pharmacology protocols, (ii) defined reactive surfaces, (iii) defined flow-transport regimes, and (iv) optical imaging. An 8-channel device can be run at constant flow rate or constant pressure drop for blood perfusion over a patterned collagen, collagen/kaolin, or collagen/tissue factor (TF) to measure platelet, thrombin, and fibrin dynamics during clot growth. A membrane-flow device delivers a constant flux of platelet agonists or coagulation enzymes into flowing blood. A trifurcated device sheaths a central blood flow on both sides with buffer, an ideal approach for on-chip recalcification of citrated blood or drug delivery. A side-view device allows clotting on a porous collagen/TF plug at constant pressure differential across the developing clot. The core-shell architecture of clots made in mouse models can be replicated in this device using human blood. For pathological flows, a stenosis device achieves shear rates of >100,000 s(-1) to drive plasma von Willebrand factor (VWF) to form thick long fibers on collagen. Similarly, a micropost-impingement device creates extreme elongational and shear flows for VWF fiber formation without collagen. Overall, microfluidics are ideal for studies of clotting, bleeding, fibrin polymerization/fibrinolysis, cell/clot mechanics, adhesion, mechanobiology, and reaction-transport dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhu
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bradley A Herbig
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruizhi Li
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Thomas V Colace
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan W Muthard
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keith B Neeves
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Scott L Diamond
- Institute for Medicine and Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pryzdial ELG, Meixner SC, Talbot K, Eltringham-Smith LJ, Baylis JR, Lee FMH, Kastrup CJ, Sheffield WP. Thrombolysis by chemically modified coagulation factor Xa. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1844-54. [PMID: 27359348 PMCID: PMC5576980 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Factor Xa (FXa) acquires cleavage-mediated tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) cofactor activity. Recombinant (r) tPA is the predominant thrombolytic drug, but it may cause systemic side effects. Chemically modified, non-enzymatic FXa was produced (Xai-K), which rapidly lysed thrombi in mice. Unlike rtPA, Xai-K had no systemic fibrinolysis activation markers, indicating improved safety. SUMMARY Background Enzymatic thrombolysis carries the risk of hemorrhage and re-occlusion must be evaded by co-administration with an anticoagulant. Toward further improving these shortcomings, we report a novel dual-functioning molecule, Xai-K, which is both a non-enzymatic thrombolytic agent and an anticoagulant. Xai-K is based on clotting factor Xa, whose sequential plasmin-mediated fragments, FXaβ and Xa33/13, accelerate the principal thrombolytic agent, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), but only when localized to anionic phospholipid. Methods The effect of Xai-K on fibrinolysis was measured in vitro by turbidity, thromboelastography and chromogenic assays, and measured in a murine model of occlusive carotid thrombosis by Doppler ultrasound. The anticoagulant properties of Xai-K were evaluated by normal plasma clotting assays, and in murine liver laceration and tail amputation hemostatic models. Results Xa33/13, which participates in fibrinolysis of purified fibrin, was rapidly inhibited in plasma. Cleavage was blocked at FXaβ by modifying residues at the active site. The resultant Xai-K (1 nm) enhanced plasma clot dissolution by ~7-fold in vitro and was dependent on tPA. Xai-K alone (2.0 μg g(-1) body weight) achieved therapeutic patency in mice. The minimum primary dose of the tPA variant, Tenecteplase (TNK; 17 μg g(-1) ), could be reduced by > 30-fold to restore blood flow with adjunctive Xai-K (0.5 μg g(-1) ). TNK-induced systemic markers of fibrinolysis were not detected with Xai-K (2.0 μg g(-1) ). Xai-K had anticoagulant activity that was somewhat attenuated compared with a previously reported analogue. Conclusion These results suggest that Xai-K may ameliorate the safety profile of therapeutic thrombolysis, either as a primary or tPA/TNK-adjunctive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L G Pryzdial
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - S C Meixner
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - K Talbot
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - L J Eltringham-Smith
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J R Baylis
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - F M H Lee
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C J Kastrup
- Centre for Blood Research and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - W P Sheffield
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Pearson K, Jensen H, Kander T, Schött U. Desmopressinin vitroeffects on platelet function, monitored with Multiplate, ROTEM and Sonoclot. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2016; 76:282-90. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2016.1149615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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