1
|
Prado Y, Pérez L, Eltit F, Echeverría C, Llancalahuen FM, Tapia P, González PA, Kalergis AM, Cabello-Verrugio C, Simon F. Procoagulant phenotype induced by oxidized high-density lipoprotein associates with acute kidney injury and death. Thromb Res 2023; 223:7-23. [PMID: 36689805 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress derived from severe systemic inflammation promotes conversion from high-density lipoprotein HDL to oxidized HDL (oxHDL), which interacts with vascular endothelial cells (ECs). OxHDL acquires procoagulant features playing a role in modulating coagulation, which has been linked with organ failure in ICU patients. However, whether oxHDL elicits a ECs-mediated procoagulant phenotype generating organ failure and death, and the underlying molecular mechanism is not known. Therefore, we studied whether oxHDL-treated rats and high-oxHDL ICU patients exhibit a procoagulant phenotype and its association with kidney injury and mortality and the endothelial underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Human ECs, oxHDL-treated rats and ICU patients were subjected to several cellular and molecular studies, coagulation analyses, kidney injury assessment and mortality determination. RESULTS OxHDL-treated ECs showed a procoagulant protein expression reprograming characterized by increased E-/P-selectin and vWF mRNA expression through specific signaling pathways. OxHDL-treated rats exhibited a procoagulant phenotype and modified E-/P-selectin, vWF, TF and t-PA mRNA expression correlating with plasma TF, t-PA and D-dimer. Also, showed increased death events and the relative risk of death, and increased creatinine, urea, BUN/creatinine ratio, KIM-1, NGAL, β2M, and decreased eGFR, all concordant with kidney injury, correlated with plasma TF, t-PA and D-dimer. ICU patients showed correlation between plasma oxHDL and increased creatinine, cystatin, BUN, BUN/creatinine ratio, KIM-1, NGAL, β2M, and decreased GFR. Notably, ICU high-oxHDL patients showed decreased survival. Interestingly, altered coagulation factors TF, t-PA and D-dimer correlated with both increased oxHDL levels and kidney injury markers, indicating a connection between these factors. CONCLUSION Increased circulating oxHDL generates an endothelial-dependent procoagulant phenotype that associates with acute kidney injury and increased risk of death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Prado
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Pérez
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Eltit
- Department of Materials Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Felipe M Llancalahuen
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Tapia
- Unidad de Paciente Crítico Adulto, Hospital Clínico La Florida, La Florida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Felipe Simon
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiopathology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile; Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channel-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manz XD, Bogaard HJ, Aman J. Regulation of VWF (Von Willebrand Factor) in Inflammatory Thrombosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:1307-1320. [PMID: 36172866 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation promotes thrombosis via a VWF (von Willebrand factor)-mediated mechanism. VWF plays an essential role in maintaining the balance between blood coagulation and bleeding, and inflammation can lead to aberrant regulation. VWF is regulated on a transcriptional and (post-)translational level, and its secretion into the circulation captures platelets upon endothelial activation. The significant progress that has been made in understanding transcriptional and translational regulation of VWF is described in this review. First, we describe how VWF is regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational level with a specific focus on the influence of inflammatory and immune responses. Next, we describe how changes in regulation are linked with various cardiovascular diseases. Recent insights from clinical diseases provide evidence for direct molecular links between inflammation and thrombosis, including atherosclerosis, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, and COVID-19. Finally, we will briefly describe clinical implications for antithrombotic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue D Manz
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), the Netherlands
| | - Harm Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), the Netherlands
| | - Jurjan Aman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences (ACS), the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tao Q, Lu Y, Qi Y, Yu D, Gu J, Zhu Y, Shi C, Liang X. Hypoxia promotes the expression of Von Willebrand factor in breast cancer cells by up-regulating the transcription factor YY1 and down-regulating the hsa-miR-424. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
4
|
Li X, Lu Z. Role of von Willebrand factor in the angiogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 23:198. [PMID: 35572495 PMCID: PMC9100484 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Lu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical College, Weifang, Shandong 261053, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ng CJ, Liu A, Venkataraman S, Ashworth KJ, Baker CD, O'Rourke R, Vibhakar R, Jones KL, Di Paola J. Single-cell transcriptional analysis of human endothelial colony-forming cells from patients with low VWF levels. Blood 2022; 139:2240-2251. [PMID: 35143643 PMCID: PMC8990376 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021010683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
von Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a key role in normal hemostasis, and deficiencies of VWF lead to clinically significant bleeding. We sought to identify novel modifiers of VWF levels in endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). ECFCs were isolated from patients with low VWF levels (plasma VWF antigen levels between 30 and 50 IU/dL) and from healthy controls. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used as an additional control cell line. Cells were characterized for their Weibel Palade body (WPB) content and VWF release. scRNA-seq of all cell lines was performed to evaluate for gene expression heterogeneity and for candidate modifiers of VWF regulation. Candidate modifiers identified by scRNA-seq were further characterized with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) experiments to evaluate for effects on VWF. We observed that ECFCs derived from patients with low VWF demonstrated alterations in baseline WPB metrics and exhibit impaired VWF release. scRNA-seq analyses of these endothelial cells revealed overall decreased VWF transcription, mosaicism of VWF expression, and genes that are differentially expressed in low VWF ECFCs and control endothelial cells (control ECs). An siRNA screen of potential VWF modifiers provided further evidence of regulatory candidates, and 1 such candidate, FLI1, alters the transcriptional activity of VWF. In conclusion, ECFCs from individuals with low VWF demonstrate alterations in their baseline VWF packaging and release compared with control ECs. scRNA-seq revealed alterations in VWF transcription, and siRNA screening identified multiple candidate regulators of VWF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Ng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Alice Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Katrina J Ashworth
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and
| | - Christopher D Baker
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rebecca O'Rourke
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Cell Biology and
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jorge Di Paola
- Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO; and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jeong HS, Lee DH, Kim SH, Lee CH, Shin HM, Kim HR, Cho CH. Hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress promotes tumor metastasis by upregulating vWF expression in endothelial cells through the transcription factor GATA1. Oncogene 2022; 41:1634-1646. [DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
7
|
Mojzisch A, Brehm MA. The Manifold Cellular Functions of von Willebrand Factor. Cells 2021; 10:2351. [PMID: 34572000 PMCID: PMC8466076 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma glycoprotein von Willebrand factor (VWF) is exclusively synthesized in endothelial cells (ECs) and megakaryocytes, the precursor cells of platelets. Its primary function lies in hemostasis. However, VWF is much more than just a "fishing hook" for platelets and a transporter for coagulation factor VIII. VWF is a true multitasker when it comes to its many roles in cellular processes. In ECs, VWF coordinates the formation of Weibel-Palade bodies and guides several cargo proteins to these storage organelles, which control the release of hemostatic, inflammatory and angiogenic factors. Leukocytes employ VWF to assist their rolling on, adhesion to and passage through the endothelium. Vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation is supported by VWF, and it regulates angiogenesis. The life cycle of platelets is accompanied by VWF from their budding from megakaryocytes to adhesion, activation and aggregation until the end in apoptosis. Some tumor cells acquire the ability to produce VWF to promote metastasis and hide in a shell of VWF and platelets, and even the maturation of osteoclasts is regulated by VWF. This review summarizes the current knowledge on VWF's versatile cellular functions and the resulting pathophysiological consequences of their dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Mojzisch
- Dermatology and Venerology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Maria A. Brehm
- School of Life Sciences, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong F, Zhao X, Wang J, Huang X, Li X, Zhang L, Dong H, Liu F, Fan M. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits the expression of von Willebrand factor by downregulation of transcription factor ERG in endothelial cells. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2020; 35:321-330. [PMID: 33107067 PMCID: PMC7983977 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semi‐synthetic derivative of artemisinin, has effective antitumor and anti‐inflammatory actions. von Willebrand factor (vWF), a large multifunctional glycoprotein, has a prominent function in hemostasis and is a key factor in thrombus formation. In addition, vWF has been regarded as a prospective biomarker for the diagnosis of endothelial dysfunction. In our experiment, we observed that 25 μM DHA specifically downregulated the expression of vWF mRNA and protein in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Further investigations demonstrated that this DHA‐decreased vWF expression was mediated by the transcription factor ERG and not GATA3. Luciferase activity assay confirmed that DHA regulated the ERG binding with the −56 ETS‐binding motif on the human vWF promoter. Thus, the −56 ETS motif on the vWF promoter region regulates the expression of vWF gene which is induced by DHA. Taken together, we proved that DHA decreased the vWF transcription through the downregulation of ERG in HUVECs. As vWF plays a key role in vascular homeostasis, our findings suggest a new role of DHA in vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengyun Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
| | - Xinghai Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jianning Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xiao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 16369 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250011, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, 88 Wenhuadong Street, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Haixin Dong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong, 272029, China
| | - Fuhong Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Mengge Fan
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.,Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan, 250000, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Peng X, Wang X, Fan M, Zhao J, Lin L, Liu J. Plasma levels of von Willebrand factor in type 2 diabetes patients with and without cardiovascular diseases: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020; 36:e3193. [PMID: 31145835 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic vascular complications are the major causes of death and disability of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. von Willebrand factor (vWF) is involved in pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Previous studies showed elevated plasma levels of vWF in T2DM patients with CVD, but the association has not been validated. The aim of this meta-analysis was to compare plasma levels of vWF in T2DM patients with and without CVD. We performed a meta-analysis based on published case-control studies of vWF in T2DM patients with and without CVD indexed in PubMed and other databases updated to April 2018. After independently assessing methodological quality and extracting data, 9 eligible studies were obtained including 576 cases and 632 controls. The standard mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated using random-effects model. Meta-analysis showed that plasma level of vWF was significantly higher in T2DM patients with CVD than T2DM patients without CVD (SMD = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.32-0.90; P < .00001). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the results. Plasma levels of vWF are significantly elevated in patients with T2DM complicated by CVD. This study helps further characterize the prognostic value of vWF for cardiovascular complications in T2DM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xun Peng
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Wang
- School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Mengge Fan
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- Graduate School, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Junyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Liao Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, the First Hospital Affiliated with Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Z, Xie Q, Pan J, Niu N. Cadmium regulates von Willebrand factor and occludin expression in glomerular endothelial cells of mice in a TNF-α-dependent manner. Ren Fail 2019; 41:354-362. [PMID: 31057027 PMCID: PMC6507816 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2019.1604383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental pollutant that leads to nephrotoxicity. However, the mechanisms of Cd-induced glomerular injury have not been fully clarified. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) and occludin are important endothelial cell markers in renal vasculature. In this study, the effects of Cd on the vWF and occludin expression in mouse glomeruli was investigated. Objectives: The goal of this study was to analyze the expression of von Willebrand factor and occludin in glomerular endothelial cells of tumor necrosis factor-α−/− (TNF-α−/−) mice after treatment with Cd. Material and methods: C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) mice and TNF-α−/− mice (n = 6) were treated with Cd, and the kidney tissues were collected. The expression of von Willebrand factor and occludin was detected by using quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to examine the regulatory role of TNF-α on expression of von Willebrand factor and occludin. Results: We found that Cd significantly increases mRNA and protein expressions of von Willebrand factor and occludin in TNF-α−/− mice, but not in WT mice. In vitro, Cd significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of von Willebrand factor and occludin in HUVECs with TNF-α small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. Conclusions: These results suggest that TNF-α acts to balance homeostasis of glomerular endothelium after Cd treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zongguo Sun
- a College of Life Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan , China.,b Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Qi Xie
- b Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , China
| | - Jie Pan
- a College of Life Sciences , Shandong Normal University , Jinan , China
| | - Na Niu
- c Department of Pediatrics , Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University , Jinan , China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun Z, Pang S, Cui Y, Yan B. Genetic and Functional Variants Analysis of the GATA6 Gene Promoter in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Front Genet 2019; 10:1100. [PMID: 31781165 PMCID: PMC6851265 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) which is a specific type of coronary artery disease (CAD), is caused by the combination of genetic factors and acquired environment. Although some common genetic variations have been recorded to contribute to the development of CAD and AMI, more genetic factors and potential molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The GATA6 gene is expressed in the heart during embryogenesis and is also detected in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), different human primary endothelial cells (ECs), and vascular ECs in mice. To date, no studies have directly linked GATA6 gene with regulation of the CAD. Methods: In this study, we used a case-control study to investigate and analyze the genetic variations and functional variations of the GATA6 gene promoter region in AMI patients and controls. A variety of statistical analysis methods were utilized to analyze the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with AMI. Functional analysis of DNA sequence variants (DSVs) was performed using a dual luciferase reporter assay. In vitro, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was selected to examine DNA-protein interactions. Results: A total of 705 subjects were enrolled in the study. Ten DSVs were found in AMI patients (n = 352) and controls (n = 353), including seven SNPs. One novel heterozygous DSV, (g.22168409 A > G), and two SNPs, [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760) and g.22168521 G > T(rs1445501474)], were reported in three AMI patients, which were not found in controls. The relevant statistical analysis, including allele and genotype frequencies between AMI patients and controls, five genetic models, linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis, and SNP–SNP interactions, suggested no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The transcriptional activity of GATA6 gene promoter was significantly increased by the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)]. The EMSA revealed that the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)] evidently influenced the binding of transcription factors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the DSV (g.22168409 A > G) and SNP [g.22168362 C > A(rs1416421760)] may increase GATA6 levels in both HEK-293 and H9c2 cell lines by affecting the binding of transcription factors. Whether the two variants identified in the GATA6 gene promoter can promote the development and progression of human AMI by altering GATA6 levels still requires further studies to verify.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Sun
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuchao Pang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Yinghua Cui
- Division of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bo Yan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiac Disease Diagnosis and Treatment, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,The Center for Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China.,Shandong Provincial Sino-US Cooperation Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mojiri A, Alavi P, Lorenzana Carrillo MA, Nakhaei-Nejad M, Sergi CM, Thebaud B, Aird WC, Jahroudi N. Endothelial cells of different organs exhibit heterogeneity in von Willebrand factor expression in response to hypoxia. Atherosclerosis 2019; 282:1-10. [PMID: 30665023 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have previously demonstrated that in response to hypoxia, von Willebrand factor (VWF) expression is upregulated in lung and heart endothelial cells both in vitro and in vivo, but not in kidney endothelial cells. The aim of our current study was to determine whether endothelial cells of different organs employ distinct molecular mechanisms to mediate VWF response to hypoxia. METHODS We used cultured human primary lung, heart and kidney endothelial cells to determine the activation of endogenous VWF as well as exogenously expressed VWF promoter in response to hypoxia. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and siRNA knockdown analyses were used to determine the roles of VWF promoter associated transacting factors in mediating its hypoxia response. Platelet aggregates formations in vascular beds of mice were used as a marker for potential functional consequences of hypoxia-induced VWF upregulation in vivo. RESULTS Our analyses demonstrated that while Yin Yang 1 (YY1) and specificity protein 1 (Sp1) participate in the hypoxia-induced upregulation of VWF specifically in lung endothelial cells, GATA6 mediates this process specifically in heart endothelial cells. In both cell types, the response to hypoxia involves the decreased association of the NFIB repressor with the VWF promoter, and the increased acetylation of the promoter-associated histone H4. In mice exposed to hypoxia, the upregulation of VWF expression was concomitant with the presence of thrombi in heart and lung, but not kidney vascular beds. CONCLUSIONS Heart and lung endothelial cells demonstrated VWF upregulation in response to hypoxia, using distinct mechanisms, while this response was lacking in kidney endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Mojiri
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Parnian Alavi
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | - Consolato M Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Bernard Thebaud
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute & CHEO Research Institute, Pediatrics, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William C Aird
- Center for Vascular Biology Research and Division of Molecular and Vascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nadia Jahroudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nakhaei-Nejad M, Farhan M, Mojiri A, Jabbari H, Murray AG, Jahroudi N. Regulation of von Willebrand Factor Gene in Endothelial Cells That Are Programmed to Pluripotency and Differentiated Back to Endothelial Cells. Stem Cells 2019; 37:542-554. [PMID: 30682218 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells play a central role in physiological function and pathophysiology of blood vessels in health and disease. However, the molecular mechanism that establishes the endothelial phenotype, and contributes to its signature cell type-specific gene expression, is not yet understood. We studied the regulation of a highly endothelial-specific gene, von Willebrand factor (VWF), in induced pluripotent stem cells generated from primary endothelial cells (human umbilical vein endothelial cells [HUVEC] into a pluripotent state [HiPS]) and subsequently differentiated back into endothelial cells. This allowed us to explore how VWF expression is regulated when the endothelial phenotype is revoked (endothelial cells to HiPS), and re-established (HiPS back to endothelial cells [EC-Diff]). HiPS were generated from HUVECs, their pluripotency established, and then differentiated back to endothelial cells. We established phenotypic characteristics and robust angiogenic function of EC-Diff. Gene array analyses, VWF chromatin modifications, and transacting factors binding assays were performed on the three cell types (HUVEC, HiPS, and EC-Diff). The results demonstrated that generally cohorts of transacting factors that function as transcriptional activators, and those that contribute to histone acetylation and DNA demethylation, were significantly decreased in HiPS compared with HUVECs and EC-Diff. In contrast, there were significant increases in the gene expression levels of epigenetic modifiers that function as methyl transferases in HiPS compared with endothelial cells. The results demonstrated that alterations in chromatin modifications of the VWF gene, in addition to expression and binding of transacting factors that specifically function as activators, are responsible for establishing endothelial specific regulation of the VWF gene. Stem Cells 2019;37:542-554.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maikel Farhan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Anahita Mojiri
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hosna Jabbari
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Allan G Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nadia Jahroudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dihydroartemisinin ameliorates sepsis-induced hyperpermeability of glomerular endothelium via up-regulation of occludin expression. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:313-318. [PMID: 29353206 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, the systemic inflammatory responses after infection, remains a serious cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. The anti-malarial agent dihydroartemisinin (DHA) has been shown to be anti-inflammatory. In this study, we examined the effects of DHA on sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and explored the mechanism underlying its mode of action in AKI. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse model, we observed that DHA treatment ameliorated glomerular injury, and relieved elevation of the urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) and serum creatinine. At a concentration of 25 μM, DHA had no effect on overall cellular viability or apoptosis in assays with human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs), but significantly inhibited the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced hyperpermeability of HRGEC monolayers. We found that TNF-α decreases the expression of the junctional protein occludin in HRGECs, which is reversed by DHA. Taken together, our results demonstrate that DHA decreases permeability of the glomerular endothelium by maintenance of occludin expression. This suggests DHA may have therapeutic utility in sepsis-induced AKI.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen J, Chung DW. Inflammation, von Willebrand factor, and ADAMTS13. Blood 2018; 132:141-147. [PMID: 29866815 PMCID: PMC6043979 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-02-769000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that inflammation can cause thrombosis by a von Willebrand factor (VWF)-mediated mechanism that includes endothelial activation, secretion of VWF, assembly of hyperadhesive VWF strings and fibers, cleavage by ADAMTS13, and adhesion and deposition of VWF-platelet thrombi in the vasculature. This mechanism appears to contribute to thrombosis not only in small vessels, but also in large vessels. Inflammation and VWF contribute to atherogenesis and may contribute to arterial and venous thrombosis as well as stroke. Elucidation of the mechanism will hopefully identify new targets and suggest new approaches for prevention and intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Chen
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Dominic W Chung
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA; and
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shan R, Wang B, Wang A, Sun Z, Dong F, Liu J, Sun H. Endoglin-targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging in hepatoblastoma xenografts. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:3784-3790. [PMID: 30127989 PMCID: PMC6096263 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is required for the growth of hepatoblastoma (HB). In the present study, an ultrasonic contrast agent, microbubbles (MB), was combined with an endoglin antibody, and then injected into nude mice with HB. This was conducted to detect specific binding to microvessels via non-linear harmonic imaging for tumor angiogenesis assessment. In addition, endoglin expression in experimental animals was measured using western blotting, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured with conditioned media collected from HepG2 cells. Western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect the changes of endoglin expression. In targeted ultrasound imaging, it was determined that the differential targeted enhancement of MBendoglin was significantly higher than that of MBisotype. Over expression of endoglin was identified in the tumor of experimental nude mice; however, it was not present in the liver of the mice. Endoglin expression in HUVECs was significantly increased by co-culture with the conditioned media of HepG2 cells; therefore, the results suggest that endoglin is upregulated in angiogenic vessels in the HepG2 cell xenografts in nude mice. Thus, endoglin-targeted ultrasound imaging is presented as a potential approach for the diagnosis of liver carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shan
- Department of Ultrasonography, Jinan Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Department of Ultrasound, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Aiguang Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Zongguo Sun
- The Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Dong
- The Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ju Liu
- The Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Sun
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang X, Dong F, Wang F, Yan S, Chen X, Tozawa H, Ushijima T, Kapron CM, Wada Y, Liu J. Low dose cadmium upregulates the expression of von Willebrand factor in endothelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2018; 290:46-54. [PMID: 29571895 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a persistent and widespread environmental pollutant of continuing worldwide concern. Previous studies have suggested that Cd exposure increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, we observed that low dose Cd treatment induced von Willebrand factor (vWF) expression in vascular endothelial cells in mouse lung and kidney tissues. In vitro analysis showed that 1 μM Cd specifically upregulated vWF mRNA and protein expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), indicating that Cd targets vascular endothelial cells even at relatively low concentrations. Further study demonstrated that nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and GATA3, two established transcription regulators of the vWF gene, were not altered in the presence of Cd. However, ETS-related gene (ERG) was significantly induced by 1 μM Cd. When ERG was knocked down by siRNA, Cd induced upregulation of vWF was totally blocked. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that Cd increases the binding of ERG on the -56 ETS motif on the human vWF promoter. These results indicated that ERG mediated the increased expression of vWF by Cd. Since vWF is a key regulator for vascular homeostasis, our findings may provide a novel mechanism for understanding low dose Cd induced development of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Fengyun Dong
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Fufang Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China; Key laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, 107 Wenhua Xi Road, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014 China
| | - Xiaocui Chen
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Hideto Tozawa
- The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, and Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Ushijima
- The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, and Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Carolyn M Kapron
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Youichiro Wada
- The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, and Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 16766 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
GATA3-induced vWF upregulation in the lung adenocarcinoma vasculature. Oncotarget 2017; 8:110517-110529. [PMID: 29299165 PMCID: PMC5746400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Aberrant expression of genes expressed preferentially in the lung tumor vasculature may yield clues for prognosis and treatment. Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a large multifunctional glycoprotein with a well-known function in hemostasis. However, vWF has been reported to exert an anti-tumor effect, independent of its role in hemostasis. We investigated the expression of vWF in LAC through immunohistochemical staining of tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs). We found that vWF was overexpressed preferentially in the tumor vasculature of LAC compared with the adjacent tissue vasculature. Consistently, elevated vWF expression was found in endothelial cells (ECs) of fresh human LAC tissues and transplanted mouse LAC tissues. To understand the mechanism underlying vWF up-regulation in LAC vessels, we established a co-culture system. In this system, conditioned media (CM) collected from A549 cells increased vWF expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), suggesting enhanced expression is regulated by the LAC secretome. Subsequent studies revealed that the transcription factor GATA3, but not ERG, a known regulator of vWF transcription in vascular cells, mediated the vWF elevation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays validated that GATA3 binds directly to the +220 GATA binding motif on the human vWF promoter and A549 conditioned media significantly increases the binding of GATA3. Taken together, we demonstrate that vWF expression in ECs of LAC is elevated by the cancer cell-derived secretome through enhanced GATA3-mediated transcription.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large multidomain, multimeric glycoprotein that plays an essential role in regulating the balance between blood clotting and bleeding. Aberrant VWF regulation can lead to a spectrum of diseases extending from bleeding disorders [Von Willebrand disease (VWD)] to aberrant thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Understanding the biology of VWF expression and secretion is essential for developing novel targeted therapies for VWF-related hemostasis disorders. RECENT FINDINGS A number of recent elegant in-vitro and in-vivo studies will be highlighted, including the discovery of intronic splicing in the VWF gene, microRNA-regulated VWF gene expression, and syntaxin binding protein and autophagy mediated VWF secretion. Compared with the already established critical role of VWF in VWD and TTP pathophysiology, additional clinical studies have clarified and reinforced the association of elevated plasma levels of VWF with an increased risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, venous thrombosis, and diabetic thrombotic complications. Moreover, experimental mouse models of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction have further supported VWF as a potential therapeutic target. SUMMARY VWF biosynthesis, maturation, and secretion is a complex process, which mandates tight regulation. Significant progress has been made in our understandings of VWF expression and secretion and its association with thrombotic diseases, contributing to the development of novel targeting VWF drugs for prevention and treatment of deficient and enhanced hemostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaozu Xiang
- aYale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA bSchool of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Li Y, Li L, Dong F, Guo L, Hou Y, Hu H, Yan S, Zhou X, Liao L, Allen TD, Liu JU. Plasma von Willebrand factor level is transiently elevated in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction. Exp Ther Med 2015; 10:1743-1749. [PMID: 26640545 PMCID: PMC4665708 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a plasma glycoprotein that plays an essential role in hemostasis by supporting platelet adhesion and thrombus formation in response to vascular injury. Plasma levels of vWF are an independent risk factor for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI); however, clinical data have demonstrated a marked variation of vWF levels in patients with AMI, the reason for which has not yet been identified. In the present study, a rat model of ST-segment elevation AMI was established, and cardiac and peripheral blood was collected for a time-course examination of the plasma levels of vWF and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The level of vWF in the blood plasma increased, peaked at 1 h and decreased to normal levels by day 7 following AMI, while the level of TNF-α peaked at 24 h and remained elevated until day 7. The effects of TNF-α on vWF secretion and expression were examined in cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). TNF-α treatment increased vWF secretion from the HUVECs but inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of vWF in the HUVECs. These results indicate that vWF secretion from endothelial cells is transiently elevated following AMI, and then decreases as the expression of vWF is inhibited by TNF-α. The present study increases the understanding of the pathophysiology of vWF and indicates that the determination of vWF levels may be useful in the clinical evaluation of AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Children's Health Care Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Liqun Li
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Dong
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yinglong Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Hesheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Lin Liao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| | - Thaddeus D Allen
- G.W. Hooper Research Foundation, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0552, USA
| | - J U Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu J, Dong F, Jeong J, Masuda T, Lobe CG. Constitutively active Notch1 signaling promotes endothelial‑mesenchymal transition in a conditional transgenic mouse model. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:669-76. [PMID: 24969754 PMCID: PMC4121347 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a process in which endothelial cells lose their cell-type-specific characteristics and gain a mesenchymal cell phenotype. The Notch signaling pathway is crucial in the regulation of EndoMT; however, its roles have not been fully studied in vivo. In a previous study, we reported the generation of transgenic mice with a floxed β-geo/stop signal between a CMV promoter and the constitutively active intracellular domain of Notch1 (IC-Notch1) linked with a human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP) reporter (ZAP-IC-Notch1). In this study, we examined the results of activating IC-Notch1 in endothelial cells. ZAP-IC-Notch1 mice were crossed with Tie2-Cre mice to activate IC-Notch1 expression specifically in endothelial cells. The ZAP-IC-Notch1/Tie2-Cre double transgenic embryos died at E9.5–10.5 with disruption of vasculature and enlargement of myocardium. VE-cadherin expression was decreased and EphrinB2 expression was increased in the heart of these embryos. Mesenchymal cell marker α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) was expressed in IC-Notch1-expressing endothelial cells. In addition, upregulation of Snail, the key effector in mediating EndoMT, was identified in the cardiac cushion of the double transgenic murine embryo heart. The results of the present study demonstrate that constitutively active Notch signaling promotes EndoMT and differentially regulates endothelial/mesenchymal cell markers during cardiac development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ju Liu
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Fengyun Dong
- Laboratory of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - James Jeong
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Division, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Division, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Corrinne G Lobe
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Division, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Mojiri A, Nakhaii-Nejad M, Phan WL, Kulak S, Radziwon-Balicka A, Jurasz P, Michelakis E, Jahroudi N. Hypoxia results in upregulation and de novo activation of von Willebrand factor expression in lung endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:1329-38. [PMID: 23580145 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.301359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels in lungs are associated with diseases such as pulmonary hypertension. The objective of our study was to determine the mechanism of increased VWF levels in conditions, such as hypoxia, which contribute to pulmonary hypertension. APPROACH AND RESULTS We have previously reported generation of transgenic mice that express LacZ transgene under the regulation of lung- and brain-specific transcriptional regulatory elements of the VWF gene. Hypoxia exposure of these transgenic mice resulted in increased VWF and LacZ mRNA levels as well as redistribution of their expression from primarily larger vessels in the lungs to microvessels. Exposure of cultured lung microvascular endothelial cells to hypoxia demonstrated that VWF upregulation was accompanied by increased platelet binding. Transcription upregulation was mediated through inhibition of the repressor nuclear factor-IB association with the VWF promoter, and increased nuclear translocation of the transcription factor YY1 and association with its cognate binding site on the VWF gene. Knockdown of YY1 expression abolished the hypoxia-induced upregulation and reduced basal level of VWF. CONCLUSIONS These analyses demonstrate that hypoxia induces a phenotypic shift, accompanied by modulation of nuclear factor-IB and YY1 activities, in microvascular endothelial cells of the lungs to support VWF promoter activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Mojiri
- Departments of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Role of RNA splicing in mediating lineage-specific expression of the von Willebrand factor gene in the endothelium. Blood 2013; 121:4404-12. [PMID: 23529929 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-12-473785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the first intron of the human von Willebrand factor (vWF) is required for gene expression in the endothelium of transgenic mice. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that RNA splicing plays a role in mediating vWF expression in the vasculature. To address this question, we used transient transfection assays in human endothelial cells and megakaryocytes with intron-containing and intronless human vWF promoter-luciferase constructs. Next, we generated knockin mice in which LacZ was targeted to the endogenous mouse vWF locus in the absence or presence of the native first intron or heterologous introns from the human β-globin, mouse Down syndrome critical region 1, or hagfish coagulation factor X genes. In both the in vitro assays and the knockin mice, the loss of the first intron of vWF resulted in a significant reduction of reporter gene expression in endothelial cells but not megakaryocytes. This effect was rescued to varying degrees by the introduction of a heterologous intron. Intron-mediated enhancement of expression was mediated at a posttranscriptional level. Together, these findings implicate a role for intronic splicing in mediating lineage-specific expression of vWF in the endothelium.
Collapse
|
24
|
Embryonic stem cell differentiation system for evaluating gene functions involved in physiological megakaryocytic differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 419:477-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
25
|
Epigenetically coordinated GATA2 binding is necessary for endothelium-specific endomucin expression. EMBO J 2011; 30:2582-95. [PMID: 21666600 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
GATA2 is well recognized as a key transcription factor and regulator of cell-type specificity and differentiation. Here, we carried out comparative chromatin immunoprecipitation with comprehensive sequencing (ChIP-seq) to determine genome-wide occupancy of GATA2 in endothelial cells and erythroids, and compared the occupancy to the respective gene expression profile in each cell type. Although GATA2 was commonly expressed in both cell types, different GATA2 bindings and distinct cell-specific gene expressions were observed. By using the ChIP-seq with epigenetic histone modifications and chromatin conformation capture assays; we elucidated the mechanistic regulation of endothelial-specific GATA2-mediated endomucin gene expression, that was regulated by the endothelial-specific chromatin loop with a GATA2-associated distal enhancer and core promoter. Knockdown of endomucin markedly attenuated endothelial cell growth, migration and tube formation. Moreover, abrogation of GATA2 in endothelium demonstrated not only a reduction of endothelial-specific markers, but also induction of mesenchymal transition promoting gene expression. Our findings provide new insights into the correlation of endothelial-expressed GATA2 binding, epigenetic modification, and the determination of endothelial cell specificity.
Collapse
|
26
|
Vascular bed-specific regulation of the von Willebrand factor promoter in the heart and skeletal muscle. Blood 2010; 117:342-51. [PMID: 20980682 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-06-287987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A region of the human von Willebrand factor (VWF) gene between -2812 and the end of the first intron (termed vWF2) was previously shown to direct expression in the endothelium of capillaries and a subset of larger blood vessels in the heart and skeletal muscle. Here, our goal was to delineate the DNA sequences responsible for this effect. A series of constructs containing deletions or mutations of vWF2 coupled to LacZ were targeted to the Hprt locus of mice, and the resulting animals were analyzed for reporter gene expression. The findings demonstrate that DNA sequences between -843 and -620 are necessary for expression in capillary but not large vessel endothelium in heart and skeletal muscle. Further, expression of VWF in capillaries and larger vessels of both tissues required the presence of a native or heterologous intron. In vitro assays implicated a role for ERG-binding ETS motif at -56 in mediating basal expression of VWF. In Hprt-targeted mice, mutation of the ETS consensus motif resulted in loss of LacZ expression in the endothelium of the heart and skeletal muscle. Together, these data indicate that distinct DNA modules regulate vascular bed-specific expression of VWF.
Collapse
|
27
|
Functional characterization of a 13-bp deletion (c.-1522_-1510del13) in the promoter of the von Willebrand factor gene in type 1 von Willebrand disease. Blood 2010; 116:3645-52. [PMID: 20696945 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-12-261131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the effect of a 13-bp deletion in the promoter of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) gene in a patient with type 1 von Willebrand disease. The index case has a VWF:Ag of 0.49 IU/mL and is heterozygous for the deletion. The deletion is located 48 bp 5' of the transcription start site, and in silico analysis, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies all predict aberrant binding of Ets transcription factors to the site of the deletion. Transduction of reporter gene constructs into blood outgrowth endothelial cells showed a 50.5% reduction in expression with the mutant promoter (n = 16, P < .001). A similar 40% loss of transactivation was documented in transduced HepG2 cells. A similar marked reduction of transgene expression was shown in the livers of mice injected with the mutant promoter construct (n = 8, P = .003). Finally, in studies of BOEC mRNA, the index case showed a 4.6-fold reduction of expression of the VWF transcript associated with the deletion mutation. These studies show that the 13-bp deletion mutation alters the binding of Ets (and possibly GATA) proteins to the VWF promoter and significantly reduces VWF expression, thus playing a central pathogenic role in the type 1 von Willebrand disease phenotype in the index case.
Collapse
|
28
|
Vascular endothelial growth factor activation of endothelial cells is mediated by early growth response-3. Blood 2009; 115:2520-32. [PMID: 19965691 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-233478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell activation and dysfunction underlie many vascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, tumor growth, and sepsis. Endothelial cell activation, in turn, is mediated primarily at the level of gene transcription. Here, we show that in response to several activation agonists, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and thrombin, endothelial cells demonstrate rapid and profound induction of the early growth response (Egr) genes egr-1 and egr-3. In VEGF-treated endothelial cells, induction of Egr-3 was far greater and more prolonged compared with Egr-1. VEGF-mediated stimulation of Egr-3 involved the inducible binding of NFATc, serum response factor, and CREB to their respective consensus motifs in the upstream promoter region of Egr-3. Knockdown of Egr-3 markedly impaired VEGF-mediated proliferation, migration, and tube formation of endothelial cells and blocked VEGF-induced monocyte adhesion. Egr-3 knockdown abrogated VEGF-mediated vascular outgrowth from ex vivo aortic rings and attenuated Matrigel plug vascularization and melanoma tumor growth in vivo. Together, these findings suggest that Egr-3 is a critical determinant of VEGF signaling in activated endothelial cells. Thus, Egr-3 represents a potential therapeutic target in VEGF-mediated vasculopathic diseases.
Collapse
|