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Li G, Lin D, Fan X, Peng B. Exploring Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Biomarkers through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis: Uncovering Novel Diagnostic Candidates. Cardiol Res Pract 2024; 2024:4639334. [PMID: 38994496 PMCID: PMC11239233 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4639334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
HCM is a heterogeneous monogenic cardiac disease that can lead to arrhythmia, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. This study aims to identify biomarkers that have a positive impact on the treatment, diagnosis, and prediction of HCM through bioinformatics analysis. We selected the GSE36961 and GSE180313 datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for differential analysis. GSE36961 generated 6 modules through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), with the green and grey modules showing the highest positive correlation with HCM (green module: cor = 0.88, p = 2e - 48; grey module: cor = 0.78, p = 4e - 31). GSE180313 generated 17 modules through WGCNA, with the turquoise module exhibiting the highest positive correlation with HCM (turquoise module: cor = 0.92, p = 6e - 09). We conducted GO and KEGG pathway analysis on the intersection genes of the selected modules from GSE36961 and GSE180313 and intersected their GO enriched pathways with the GO enriched pathways of endothelial cell subtypes calculated after clustering single-cell data GSE181764, resulting in 383 genes on the enriched pathways. Subsequently, we used LASSO prediction on these 383 genes and identified RTN4, COL4A1, and IER3 as key genes involved in the occurrence and development of HCM. The expression levels of these genes were validated in the GSE68316 and GSE32453 datasets. In conclusion, RTN4, COL4A1, and IER3 are potential biomarkers of HCM, and protein degradation, mechanical stress, and hypoxia may be associated with the occurrence and development of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanmou Li
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongqun Lin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Emergency Research, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoping Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Emergency Research, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Emergency Research, Guangzhou 510120, Guangdong, China
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Cubuk J, Greenberg L, Greenberg AE, Emenecker RJ, Stuchell-Brereton MD, Holehouse AS, Soranno A, Greenberg MJ. Structural dynamics of the intrinsically disordered linker region of cardiac troponin T. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.30.596451. [PMID: 38853835 PMCID: PMC11160775 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.30.596451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The cardiac troponin complex, composed of troponins I, T, and C, plays a central role in regulating the calcium-dependent interactions between myosin and the thin filament. Mutations in troponin can cause cardiomyopathies; however, it is still a major challenge for the field to connect how changes in sequence affect troponin's function. Recent high-resolution structures of the thin filament revealed critical insights into the structure-function relationship of the troponin complex, but there remain large, unresolved segments of troponin, including the troponin-T linker region that is a hotspot for several cardiomyopathy mutations. This unresolved yet functionally-significant linker region has been proposed to be intrinsically disordered, with behaviors that are not well described by traditional structural approaches; however, this proposal has not been experimentally verified. Here, we used a combination of single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), molecular dynamics simulations, and functional reconstitution assays to investigate the troponin-T linker region. We experimentally and computationally show that in the context of both isolated troponin and the fully regulated troponin complex, the linker behaves as a dynamic, intrinsically disordered region. This region undergoes polyampholyte expansion in the presence of high salt and distinct conformational changes during the assembly of the troponin complex. We also examine the ΔE160 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutation in the linker, and we demonstrate that this mutation does not affect the conformational dynamics of the linker, rather it allosterically affects interactions with other subunits of the troponin complex, leading to increased molecular contractility. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrate the importance of disorder within the troponin-T linker and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Cubuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 Euclid Ave, 63110, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, 63130, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lina Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 Euclid Ave, 63110, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Akiva E. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 Euclid Ave, 63110, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan J. Emenecker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 Euclid Ave, 63110, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, 63130, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Melissa D. Stuchell-Brereton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 Euclid Ave, 63110, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, 63130, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alex S. Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 Euclid Ave, 63110, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, 63130, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrea Soranno
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 Euclid Ave, 63110, Saint Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Biomolecular Condensates, Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, 63130, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St Louis, 660 Euclid Ave, 63110, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Wang X, Sun H, Yu H, Du B, Fan Q, Jia B, Zhang Z. Bone morphogenetic protein 10, a rising star in the field of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18324. [PMID: 38760897 PMCID: PMC11101671 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Early research suggested that bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) is primarily involved in cardiac development and congenital heart disease processes. BMP10 is a newly identified cardiac-specific protein. In recent years, reports have emphasized the effects of BMP10 on myocardial apoptosis, fibrosis and immune response, as well as its synergistic effects with BMP9 in vascular endothelium and role in endothelial dysfunction. We believe that concentrating on this aspect of the study will enhance our knowledge of the pathogenesis of diabetes and the cardiovascular field. However, there have been no reports of any reviews discussing the role of BMP10 in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition, the exact pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is not fully understood, including myocardial energy metabolism disorders, microvascular changes, abnormal apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, collagen structural changes and myocardial fibrosis, all of which cause cardiac function impairment directly or indirectly and interact with one another. This review summarizes the research results of BMP10 in cardiac development, endothelial function and cardiovascular disease in an effort to generate new ideas for future research into diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
| | - Helin Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Haomiao Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Bingyu Du
- Teaching and Research Section of Internal Medicine, College of MedicineShandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina
| | - Qi Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Baoxue Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
| | - Zhongwen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Rheumatic Disease and Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanChina
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAffiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical UniversityWeifangChina
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Arts T, Lyon A, Delhaas T, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J, Lumens J. Translating myosin-binding protein C and titin abnormalities to whole-heart function using a novel calcium-contraction coupling model. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 190:13-23. [PMID: 38462126 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C) or titin may respectively lead to hypertrophic (HCM) or dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathies. The mechanisms leading to these phenotypes remain unclear because of the challenge of translating cellular abnormalities to whole-heart and system function. We developed and validated a novel computer model of calcium-contraction coupling incorporating the role of cMyBP-C and titin based on the key assumptions: 1) tension in the thick filament promotes cross-bridge attachment mechanochemically, 2) with increasing titin tension, more myosin heads are unlocked for attachment, and 3) cMyBP-C suppresses cross-bridge attachment. Simulated stationary calcium-tension curves, isotonic and isometric contractions, and quick release agreed with experimental data. The model predicted that a loss of cMyBP-C function decreases the steepness of the calcium-tension curve, and that more compliant titin decreases the level of passive and active tension and its dependency on sarcomere length. Integrating this cellular model in the CircAdapt model of the human heart and circulation showed that a loss of cMyBP-C function resulted in HCM-like hemodynamics with higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressures and smaller volumes. More compliant titin led to higher diastolic pressures and ventricular dilation, suggesting DCM-like hemodynamics. The novel model of calcium-contraction coupling incorporates the role of cMyBP-C and titin. Its coupling to whole-heart mechanics translates changes in cellular calcium-contraction coupling to changes in cardiac pump and circulatory function and identifies potential mechanisms by which cMyBP-C and titin abnormalities may develop into HCM and DCM phenotypes. This modeling platform may help identify distinct mechanisms underlying clinical phenotypes in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Arts
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Center Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Aurore Lyon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Center Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Center Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1081HZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Center Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6200MD Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Abou-Karam R, Cheng F, Gady S, Fahed AC. The Role of Genetics in Advancing Cardiometabolic Drug Development. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:153-162. [PMID: 38451435 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The objective of this review is to explore the role of genetics in cardiometabolic drug development. The declining costs of sequencing and the availability of large-scale genomic data have deepened our understanding of cardiometabolic diseases, revolutionizing drug discovery and development methodologies. We highlight four key areas in which genetics is empowering drug development for cardiometabolic disease: (1) identifying drug candidates, (2) anticipating drug target failures, (3) silencing and editing genes, and (4) enriching clinical trials. RECENT FINDINGS Identifying novel drug targets through genetic discovery studies and the use of genetic variants as indicators of potential drug efficacy and safety have become critical components of cardiometabolic drug discovery. We highlight the successes of genetically-informed therapeutic strategies, such as PCSK9 and ANGPTL3 inhibitors in lipid lowering and the emerging role of polygenic risk scores in improving the efficiency of clinical trials. Additionally, we explore the potential of gene silencing and editing technologies, such as antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNA, showcasing their promise in addressing diseases refractory to conventional treatments. In this review, we highlight four use cases that demonstrate the vital role of genetics in cardiometabolic drug development: (1) identifying drug candidates, (2) anticipating drug target failures, (3) silencing and editing genes, and (4) enriching clinical trials. Through these advances, genetics has paved the way to increased efficiency of drug development as well as the discovery of more personalized and effective treatments for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roukoz Abou-Karam
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street|CPZN 3.128, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fangzhou Cheng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street|CPZN 3.128, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shoshana Gady
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street|CPZN 3.128, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akl C Fahed
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge Street|CPZN 3.128, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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6
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Calderon Martinez E, Ortiz-Garcia NY, Herrera Hernandez DA, Arriaga Escamilla D, Diaz Mendoza DL, Othon Martinez D, Ramirez LM, Reyes-Rivera J, Choudhari J, Michel G. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis and Treatment in High- and Low-Income Countries: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2023; 15:e46330. [PMID: 37916234 PMCID: PMC10618028 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary cardiac condition characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy without a hemodynamic cause. This condition is prevalent in the United States, resulting in various clinical manifestations, including diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular outflow obstruction, cardiac ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. HCM is associated with several genetic mutations, with sarcomeric mutations being the most common and contributing to a more complex disease course. Early diagnosis of HCM is essential for effective management, as late diagnosis often requires invasive treatments and creates a substantial financial burden. Disparities in HCM diagnosis and treatment exist between high-income and low-income countries. High-income countries have more resources to investigate and implement advanced diagnostic and treatment modalities. In contrast, low-income countries face challenges in accessing diagnostic equipment, trained personnel, and affordable medications, leading to a lower quality of life and life expectancy for affected individuals. Diagnostic tools for HCM include imaging studies such as 2D echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and electrocardiograms (ECGs). CMR is considered the gold standard but remains inaccessible to a significant portion of the world's population, especially in low-income countries. Genetics plays a crucial role in HCM, with numerous mutations identified in various genes. Genetic counseling is essential but often limited in low-income countries due to resource constraints. Disparities in healthcare access and adherence to treatment recommendations exist between high-income and low-income countries, leading to differences in patient outcomes. Addressing these disparities is essential to improve the overall management of HCM on a global scale. In conclusion, this review highlights the complex nature of HCM, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, genetic counseling, and access to appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Addressing healthcare disparities is crucial to ensure that all individuals with HCM receive timely and effective care, regardless of their geographic location or socioeconomic status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Luz M Ramirez
- Pulmonology and Critical Care, Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, MEX
| | - Jonathan Reyes-Rivera
- Medicine, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosi, MEX
| | - Jinal Choudhari
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
| | - George Michel
- Internal Medicine, Larkin Community Hospital, South Miami, USA
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McColgan G, Villarroel M, Gehmlich K. Should young athletes be screened for cardiomyopathies to reduce the burden of sudden cardiac death in athletes? Biophys Rev 2023; 15:321-327. [PMID: 37396442 PMCID: PMC10310562 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this correspondence, we highlight the risk of sudden cardiac death associated with undiagnosed cardiomyopathies. Life-threatening arrhythmias, which underlie sudden cardiac death, can be triggered by high-intensity exercise. It raises the question whether, and if so, how athletes should be screened for cardiomyopathies. The example of practice from Italy is discussed. We also briefly discuss novel developments, such as wearable biosensors and machine learning, which could be applied to screening for cardiomyopathies in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace McColgan
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Mauricio Villarroel
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence Oxford, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU UK
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Chen ZY, Mao SF, Guo LH, Qin J, Yang LX, Liu Y. Effect of maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus on congenital heart diseases. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:303-314. [PMID: 35838899 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00582-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing population of diabetes mellitus in adolescent girls and women of childbearing age contributes to a large number of pregnancies with maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus. Congenital heart diseases are a common adverse outcome in mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus. However, there is little systematic information between maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus and congenital heart diseases in the offspring. DATA SOURCES Literature selection was performed in PubMed. One hundred and seven papers were cited in our review, including 36 clinical studies, 26 experimental studies, 31 reviews, eight meta-analysis articles, and six of other types. RESULTS Maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus poses a high risk of congenital heart diseases in the offspring and causes variety of phenotypes of congenital heart diseases. Factors such as persistent maternal hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, polymorphism of uncoupling protein 2, polymorphism of adiponectin gene, Notch 1 pathway, Nkx2.5 disorders, dysregulation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1, and viral etiologies are associated with the occurrence of congenital heart diseases in the offspring of mothers with pregestational diabetes mellitus. Treatment options including blood sugar-reducing, anti-oxidative stress drug supplements and exercise can help to prevent maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus from inducing congenital heart diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our review contributes to a better understanding of the association between maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus and congenital heart diseases in the offspring and to a profound thought of the mechanism, preventive and therapeutic measurements of congenital heart diseases caused by maternal pregestational diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yan Chen
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Shuang-Fa Mao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Ling-Hong Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Li-Xin Yang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, 643000, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000, China.
- Animal Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Unlu S, Boyuk F. A Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study: Comparison of Biventricular Longitudinal Function in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Patients and Normal Individuals. Cureus 2023; 15:e34165. [PMID: 36843682 PMCID: PMC9949903 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic disease with an incidence of 0.2%-0.5%. It has a wide range of clinical presentations varying from coincidental diagnoses to heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) are M-mode-derived practical and reproducible measurements of systolic longitudinal displacement of the annular plane. These two measures may be used as markers of the left ventricular and right ventricular longitudinal functions. Currently, there are only a few studies on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived TAPSE and MAPSE measurement comparison between the HCM group and normal control group. The aim of our study is to show the differences in CMR-derived TAPSE and MAPSE values between the HCM and normal population. METHODS We evaluated CMR exams of patients diagnosed with HCM and of normal individuals scanned between 2020 and 2021 retrospectively. The patients were from our own institution's and other hospitals' in- and out-patient departments. Data was collected on 36 HCM patients and 34 adults with no known history of cardiac and non-cardiac diseases. All CMR exams were performed on a 1.5 T (Magnetom Avanto, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany) scanner. CMR-derived MAPSE and TAPSE were measured on standard four-chamber steady-state free precession (SSFP) cine images and given in millimeters. RESULTS From February 2020 to December 2021, a total of 150 patients were diagnosed with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. After exclusion, 36 patients with HCM were included in the study and the normal control group comprised 34 individuals. The mean age of the HCM group was 43.2 + 13.5 years, while it was 37.5 + 11.3 in the control group. The female ratio of the HCM group was found to be 36%, while it was 56% in the healthy control group. MAPSE values were significantly higher in the normal control group when compared to the HCM patient group (MAPSE: 14.5 ± 2.9 mm vs. 11.7 ± 3.2 mm; p<0.001), while TAPSE values did not depict a significant difference between the two groups (p=0.627). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that MAPSE values are significantly lower in the HCM patient group in comparison with the normal control group on CMR scans. Although not statistically significant, TAPSE values are also lower in the HCM group.
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Xiao H, Zhang JT, Dong XR, Lu YL, Wu BB, Wang HJ, Zhao ZY, Yang L, Zhou WH. Secondary genomic findings in the 2020 China Neonatal Genomes Project participants. World J Pediatr 2022; 18:687-694. [PMID: 35727495 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During next generation sequencing (NGS) data interpretation in critically ill newborns, there is a potential for recognizing and reporting secondary findings (SFs). Early awareness of SFs may provide clues for disease prevention. In this study, we assessed the frequency of SFs in the China Neonatal Genomes Project (CNGP) participants. METHODS A total of 2020 clinical exome sequencing (CES) datasets were screened for variants from a list of 59 genes recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) for secondary findings reporting v2.0 (ACMG SF v2.0). Identified variants were classified according to the evidence-based guidelines reached by a joint consensus of the ACMG and the Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP). RESULTS Among the 2020 CES datasets, we identified 23 ACMG-reportable genes in 61 individuals, resulting in an overall frequency of SFs at 3.02%. A total of 53 unique variants were identified, including 35 pathogenic and 18 likely pathogenic variants. The common disease categories of SFs associated were cardiovascular and cancer disease. The SF results affected the medical management and follow-up strategy in 49 (80.3%) patients. CONCLUSIONS We presented the frequency of SFs and their impact on clinical management strategies in CNGP participants. Our study demonstrated that SFs have important practical value in disease prevention and intervention at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Tao Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Ran Dong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lan Lu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Bing Wu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jun Wang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Yan Zhao
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Center for Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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11
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Field E, Norrish G, Acquaah V, Dady K, Cicerchia MN, Ochoa JP, Syrris P, McLeod K, McGowan R, Fell H, Lopes LR, Cervi E, Kaski JPP. Cardiac myosin binding protein-C variants in paediatric-onset hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: natural history and clinical outcomes. J Med Genet 2022; 59:768-775. [PMID: 34400558 PMCID: PMC7613139 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants in the cardiac myosin-binding protein C gene (MYBPC3) are a common cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in adults and have been associated with late-onset disease, but there are limited data on their role in paediatric-onset HCM. The objective of this study was to describe natural history and clinical outcomes in a large cohort of children with HCM and pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) MYBPC3 variants. METHODS AND RESULTS Longitudinal data from 62 consecutive patients diagnosed with HCM under 18 years of age and carrying at least one P/LP MYBPC3 variant were collected from a single specialist referral centre. The primary patient outcome was a major adverse cardiac event (MACE). Median age at diagnosis was 10 (IQR: 2-14) years, with 12 patients (19.4%) diagnosed in infancy. Forty-seven (75%) were boy and 31 (50%) were probands. Median length of follow-up was 3.1 (IQR: 1.6-6.9) years. Nine patients (14.5%) experienced an MACE during follow-up and five (8%) died. Twenty patients (32.3%) had evidence of ventricular arrhythmia, including 6 patients (9.7%) presenting with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Five-year freedom from MACE for those with a single or two MYBPC3 variants was 95.2% (95% CI: 78.6% to 98.5%) and 68.4% (95% CI: 40.6% to 88.9%), respectively (HR 4.65, 95% CI: 1.16 to 18.66, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS MYBPC3 variants can cause childhood-onset disease, which is frequently associated with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Clinical outcomes in this cohort vary substantially from aetiologically and genetically mixed paediatric HCM cohorts described previously, highlighting the importance of identifying specific genetic subtypes for clinical management of childhood HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Field
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gabrielle Norrish
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Acquaah
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kathleen Dady
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Petros Syrris
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Karen McLeod
- Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruth McGowan
- West of Scotland Centre for Genomic Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hannah Fell
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Luis R Lopes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
- Inherited Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Saint Bartholomew's Hospital Barts Heart Centre, London, UK
| | - Elena Cervi
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Juan Pablo Pablo Kaski
- Centre for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
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12
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Rowin EJ, Maron MS. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for screening in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the new family plan. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2022; 23:1155-1156. [PMID: 35796102 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J Rowin
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Division of Cardiology, Lahey Medical Center and Hospital, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 302W, Burlington, MA 01805, USA
| | - Martin S Maron
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Center, Division of Cardiology, Lahey Medical Center and Hospital, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 302W, Burlington, MA 01805, USA
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13
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Miao S, Lu L, Li L, Wang Y, Lu Z, Zhu H, Wang L, Duan L, Xing X, Yao Y, Feng M, Wang R. Clinical Characteristics for the Improvement of Cushing's Syndrome Complicated With Cardiomyopathy After Treatment With a Literature Review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:777964. [PMID: 34926625 PMCID: PMC8671741 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.777964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endogenous Cushing's syndrome (CS), also called hypercortisolism, leads to a significant increase in mortality due to excessive cortisol production, which is mainly due to cardiovascular disease. CS complicated with cardiomyopathies, which is a rare and severe condition, has rarely been reported in the literature. Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics of CS complicated with cardiomyopathies, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical manifestations, laboratory results, cardiac imaging results and prognosis to further understand the diagnosis, treatment, and management of these cases. Methods: The clinical data of patients diagnosed with CS complicated with cardiomyopathies obtained from discharge sheets from Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1986 to August 2021 were collected. Case reports of CS complicated with cardiomyopathies were retrieved from PubMed. In addition, Cushing's disease (CD) patients without cardiomyopathies were collected as controls to compare the clinical features. Results: A total of 19 cases of CS complicated with cardiomyopathies and cases of CD without cardiomyopathies (n = 242) were collected. The causes of CS included pituitary adenoma (n = 8, 42.11%), adrenal adenoma (n = 7, 36.84%), ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) tumor (n = 2, 10.53%) and unclear causes (n = 2, 10.53%) in the CS complicated with cardiomyopathies group. The types of cardiomyopathies were dilated cardiomyopathies (n = 15, 78.94%) and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (n = 4, 21.05%). The serum sodium concentration was significantly higher [145.50 (140.50-148.00) mmol/L vs. 141.00 (140.00-143.00) mmol/L], while the serum potassium concentration was significantly lower [2.70 (2.40-3.60) mmol/L] vs. 3.90 (3.50-4.20 mmol/L)] in the CS complicated with cardiomyopathies group compared to the CD patients without cardiomyopathies. There were no significant differences between the CS complicated with cardiomyopathies group and the CD patients without cardiomyopathies in the serum cortisol concentration and 24-h urine free cortisol, but a significant difference in the adrenocorticotropic hormone level [109.00 (91.78-170.30) pg/ml vs. 68.60 (47.85-110.00) pg/ml]. Twelve/16 (75.0%) patients showed significant improvement or even a complete healing of the heart structure and function after remission of hypercortisolemia after treatment with CS. Conclusions: CS complicated with cardiomyopathies is a very rare clinical entity, in which cortisol plays an important role and it can be greatly improved after remission of hypercortisolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Miao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yining Wang
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Duan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Renzhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Ion Channel Impairment and Myofilament Ca 2+ Sensitization: Two Parallel Mechanisms Underlying Arrhythmogenesis in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102789. [PMID: 34685769 PMCID: PMC8534456 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias are the main clinical burden in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and frequently occur in young patients with mild structural disease. While massive hypertrophy, fibrosis and microvascular ischemia are the main mechanisms underlying sustained reentry-based ventricular arrhythmias in advanced HCM, cardiomyocyte-based functional arrhythmogenic mechanisms are likely prevalent at earlier stages of the disease. In this review, we will describe studies conducted in human surgical samples from HCM patients, transgenic animal models and human cultured cell lines derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. Current pieces of evidence concur to attribute the increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias in early HCM to different cellular mechanisms. The increase of late sodium current and L-type calcium current is an early observation in HCM, which follows post-translation channel modifications and increases the occurrence of early and delayed afterdepolarizations. Increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity, commonly observed in HCM, may promote afterdepolarizations and reentry arrhythmias with direct mechanisms. Decrease of K+-currents due to transcriptional regulation occurs in the advanced disease and contributes to reducing the repolarization-reserve and increasing the early afterdepolarizations (EADs). The presented evidence supports the idea that patients with early-stage HCM should be considered and managed as subjects with an acquired channelopathy rather than with a structural cardiac disease.
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15
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Shahzadi SK, Naidoo N, Alsheikh-Ali A, Rizzo M, Rizvi AA, Santos RD, Banerjee Y. Reconnoitering the Role of Long-Noncoding RNAs in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Descriptive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179378. [PMID: 34502285 PMCID: PMC8430576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common form of hereditary cardiomyopathy. It is characterized by an unexplained non-dilated hypertrophy of the left ventricle with a conserved or elevated ejection fraction. It is a genetically heterogeneous disease largely caused by variants of genes encoding for cardiac sarcomere proteins, including MYH7, MYBPC3, ACTC1, TPM1, MYL2, MYL3, TNNI3, and TNNT23. Preclinical evidence indicates that the enhanced calcium sensitivity of the myofilaments plays a key role in the pathophysiology of HCM. Notably, this is not always a direct consequence of sarcomeric variations but may also result from secondary mutation-driven alterations. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large class of transcripts ≥200 nucleotides in length that do not encode proteins. Compared to coding mRNAs, most lncRNAs are not as well-annotated and their functions are greatly unexplored. Nevertheless, increasing evidence shows that lncRNAs are involved in a variety of biological processes and diseases including HCM. Accumulating evidence has indicated that lncRNAs are dysregulated in HCM, and closely related to sarcomere construction, calcium channeling and homeostasis of mitochondria. In this review, we have summarized the known regulatory and functional roles of lncRNAs in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda K. Shahzadi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.S.); (A.A.-A.)
| | - Nerissa Naidoo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.S.); (A.A.-A.)
- Correspondence: (N.N.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +971-4383-8728 (N.N.); +971-4383-8710 (Y.B.)
| | - Alawi Alsheikh-Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.S.); (A.A.-A.)
- Dubai Health Authority, Dubai 66566, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infantile Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Ali A. Rizvi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipids, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
| | - Raul D. Santos
- The Heart Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01000, Brazil;
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 505055, United Arab Emirates; (S.K.S.); (A.A.-A.)
- Centre of Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
- Correspondence: (N.N.); (Y.B.); Tel.: +971-4383-8728 (N.N.); +971-4383-8710 (Y.B.)
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16
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Aziz A, Musiol SK, Moody WE, Pickup L, Cooper R, Lip GYH. Clinical prediction of genotypes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13593. [PMID: 33948946 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac condition and the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients below the age of 35. Genetic testing is a vital part of HCM diagnostics, yet correlation with clinical phenotypes remains complex. Identifying clinical predictors of informative genetic testing may prevent unnecessary investigations and improve cost-effectiveness of services. This article reviews the current literature pertinent to identifying such predictors. METHODS Five literature databases were screened using a suitably designed search strategy. Studies investigating the correlation between having a positive genetic test for HCM and a range of clinical and radiological parameters were included in the systematic review. RESULTS Twenty-nine observational studies of a total of 9,486 patients were included. The main predictors of informative genetic testing were younger age, higher septal thickness, reverse septal curvature, family history of HCM and SCD and the absence of hypertension. Two externally validated scoring systems have also been developed: the Mayo and Toronto scores. Novel imaging markers and complex algorithmic models are emerging predictors. CONCLUSION Using clinical predictors to decide whom to test is a feasible alternative to investigating all comers. Nonetheless, currently there is not enough evidence to unequivocally recommend for or against this strategy. Further validation of current predictors and identification of new ones remain open research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Aziz
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - William E Moody
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Luke Pickup
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rob Cooper
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK.,Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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17
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Suay-Corredera C, Pricolo MR, Velázquez-Carreras D, Pathak D, Nandwani N, Pimenta-Lopes C, Sánchez-Ortiz D, Urrutia-Irazabal I, Vilches S, Dominguez F, Frisso G, Monserrat L, García-Pavía P, de Sancho D, Spudich JA, Ruppel KM, Herrero-Galán E, Alegre-Cebollada J. Nanomechanical Phenotypes in Cardiac Myosin-Binding Protein C Mutants That Cause Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10203-10216. [PMID: 34060810 PMCID: PMC8514129 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease of the myocardium caused by mutations in sarcomeric proteins with mechanical roles, such as the molecular motor myosin. Around half of the HCM-causing genetic variants target contraction modulator cardiac myosin-binding protein C (cMyBP-C), although the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear since many of these mutations cause no alterations in protein structure and stability. As an alternative pathomechanism, here we have examined whether pathogenic mutations perturb the nanomechanics of cMyBP-C, which would compromise its modulatory mechanical tethers across sliding actomyosin filaments. Using single-molecule atomic force spectroscopy, we have quantified mechanical folding and unfolding transitions in cMyBP-C domains targeted by HCM mutations that do not induce RNA splicing alterations or protein thermodynamic destabilization. Our results show that domains containing mutation R495W are mechanically weaker than wild-type at forces below 40 pN and that R502Q mutant domains fold faster than wild-type. None of these alterations are found in control, nonpathogenic variants, suggesting that nanomechanical phenotypes induced by pathogenic cMyBP-C mutations contribute to HCM development. We propose that mutation-induced nanomechanical alterations may be common in mechanical proteins involved in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Rosaria Pricolo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Divya Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Neha Nandwani
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | | | - David Sánchez-Ortiz
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Silvia Vilches
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-HEART, http://guardheart.ern-net.eu/), 28222, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Dominguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-HEART, http://guardheart.ern-net.eu/), 28222, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Frisso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, 80145, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, 28222, Madrid, Spain
- European Reference Network for Rare and Low Prevalence Complex Diseases of the Heart (ERN GUARD-HEART, http://guardheart.ern-net.eu/), 28222, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Sancho
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea UPV/EHU, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - James A Spudich
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Kathleen M Ruppel
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Elías Herrero-Galán
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Zampieri M, Berteotti M, Ferrantini C, Tassetti L, Gabriele M, Tomberli B, Castelli G, Cappelli F, Stefàno P, Marchionni N, Coppini R, Olivotto I. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: New Perspectives. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:169-179. [PMID: 34148184 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We provide a state of the art of therapeutic options in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), focusing on recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of sarcomeric disease. RECENT FINDINGS A wealth of novel information regarding the molecular mechanisms associated with the clinical phenotype and natural history of HCM have been developed over the last two decades. Such advances have only recently led to a number of controlled randomized studies, often limited in size and fortune. Recently, however, the allosteric inhibitors of cardiac myosin adenosine triphosphatase, countering the main pathophysiological abnormality associated with HCM-causing mutations, i.e. hypercontractility, have opened new management perspectives. Mavacamten is the first drug specifically developed for HCM used in a successful phase 3 trial, with the promise to reach symptomatic obstructive patients in the near future. In addition, the fine characterization of cardiomyocyte electrophysiological remodelling has recently highlighted relevant therapeutic targets. Current therapies for HCM focus on late disease manifestations without addressing the intrinsic pathological mechanisms. However, novel evidence-based approaches have opened the way for agents targeting HCM molecular substrates. The impact of these targeted interventions will hopefully alter the natural history of the disease in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Zampieri
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.
| | - Martina Berteotti
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Cecilia Ferrantini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luigi Tassetti
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Gabriele
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Tomberli
- Division of Interventional Structural Cardiology, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriele Castelli
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappelli
- Division of Interventional Structural Cardiology, Cardiothoracovascular Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Stefàno
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Niccolò Marchionni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Division of General Cardiology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Iacopo Olivotto
- Cardiomyopathy Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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19
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Primary Restrictive Cardiomyopathy: Similarities, Differences and Phenocopies. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10091954. [PMID: 34062949 PMCID: PMC8125617 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and primary restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) have a similar genetic background as they are both caused mainly by variants in sarcomeric genes. These “sarcomeric cardiomyopathies” also share diastolic dysfunction as the prevalent pathophysiological mechanism. Starting from the observation that patients with HCM and primary RCM may coexist in the same family, a characteristic pathophysiological profile of HCM with restrictive physiology has been recently described and supports the hypothesis that familiar forms of primary RCM may represent a part of the phenotypic spectrum of HCM rather than a different genetic cardiomyopathy. To further complicate this scenario some infiltrative (amyloidosis) and storage diseases (Fabry disease and glycogen storage diseases) may show either a hypertrophic or restrictive phenotype according to left ventricular wall thickness and filling pattern. Establishing a correct etiological diagnosis among HCM, primary RCM, and hypertrophic or restrictive phenocopies is of paramount importance for cascade family screening and therapy.
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20
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Rasicci DV, Kirkland O, Moonschi FH, Wood NB, Szczesna-Cordary D, Previs MJ, Wenk JF, Campbell KS, Yengo CM. Impact of regulatory light chain mutation K104E on the ATPase and motor properties of cardiac myosin. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212025. [PMID: 33891674 PMCID: PMC8077168 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (RLC, MYL2 gene) are known to cause inherited cardiomyopathies with variable phenotypes. In this study, we investigated the impact of a mutation in the RLC (K104E) that is associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Previously in a mouse model of K104E, older animals were found to develop cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, suggesting a slow development of HCM. However, variable penetrance of the mutation in human populations suggests that the impact of K104E may be subtle. Therefore, we generated human cardiac myosin subfragment-1 (M2β-S1) and exchanged on either the wild type (WT) or K104E human ventricular RLC in order to assess the impact of the mutation on the mechanochemical properties of cardiac myosin. The maximum actin-activated ATPase activity and actin sliding velocities in the in vitro motility assay were similar in M2β-S1 WT and K104E, as were the detachment kinetic parameters, including the rate of ATP-induced dissociation and the ADP release rate constant. We also examined the mechanical performance of α-cardiac myosin extracted from transgenic (Tg) mice expressing human wild type RLC (Tg WT) or mutant RLC (Tg K104E). We found that α-cardiac myosin from Tg K104E animals demonstrated enhanced actin sliding velocities in the motility assay compared with its Tg WT counterpart. Furthermore, the degree of incorporation of the mutant RLC into α-cardiac myosin in the transgenic animals was significantly reduced compared with wild type. Therefore, we conclude that the impact of the K104E mutation depends on either the length or the isoform of the myosin heavy chain backbone and that the mutation may disrupt RLC interactions with the myosin lever arm domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Rasicci
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA
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21
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Zhang J, Wang L, Kazmierczak K, Yun H, Szczesna-Cordary D, Kawai M. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated E22K mutation in myosin regulatory light chain decreases calcium-activated tension and stiffness and reduces myofilament Ca 2+ sensitivity. FEBS J 2021; 288:4596-4613. [PMID: 33548158 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanisms associated with E22K mutation in myosin regulatory light chain (RLC), found to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in humans and mice. Specifically, we characterized the mechanical profiles of papillary muscle fibers from transgenic mice expressing human ventricular RLC wild-type (Tg-WT) or E22K mutation (Tg-E22K). Because the two mouse models expressed different amounts of transgene, the B6SJL mouse line (NTg) was used as an additional control. Mechanical experiments were carried out on Ca2+ - and ATP-activated fibers and in rigor. Sinusoidal analysis was performed to elucidate the effect of E22K on tension and stiffness during activation/rigor, tension-pCa, and myosin cross-bridge (CB) kinetics. We found significant reductions in active tension (by 54%) and stiffness (active by 40% and rigor by 54%). A decrease in the Ca2+ sensitivity of tension (by ∆pCa ~ 0.1) was observed in Tg-E22K compared with Tg-WT fibers. The apparent (=measured) rate constant of exponential process B (2πb: force generation step) was not affected by E22K, but the apparent rate constant of exponential process C (2πc: CB detachment step) was faster in Tg-E22K compared with Tg-WT fibers. Both 2πb and 2πc were smaller in NTg than in Tg-WT fibers, suggesting a kinetic difference between the human and mouse RLC. Our results of E22K-induced reduction in myofilament stiffness and tension suggest that the main effect of this mutation was to disturb the interaction of RLC with the myosin heavy chain and impose structural abnormalities in the lever arm of myosin CB. When placed in vivo, the E22K mutation is expected to result in reduced contractility and decreased cardiac output whereby leading to HCM. SUB-DISCIPLINE Bioenergetics. DATABASE The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. ANIMAL PROTOCOL BK20150353 (Soochow University). RESEARCH GOVERNANCE School of Nursing: Hua-Gang Hu: seuboyh@163.com; Soochow University: Chen Ge chge@suda.edu.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhang
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Hang Yun
- School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Masataka Kawai
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, IA, USA
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22
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Liu L, Liu Z, Chen X, He S. Thromboembolism in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:727-735. [PMID: 33437207 PMCID: PMC7797548 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited cardiac disease, which has a marked heterogeneity in clinical expression, natural history, and prognosis. HCM is associated with a high prevalence of thromboembolic events (stroke and systemic embolic events), even if taking no account of atrial fibrillation (AF), leading to unexpected disability and death in patients of all ages. Several risk factors of thromboembolism such as AF, greater age, left atrial diameter, heart failure and others have been confirmed in patients with HCM. Conventional thromboembolic predictive models were estimated by several trials in HCM population but it turned out to be unsatisfactory. Based on those previous explorations, researchers tried to modify or develop novel models suitable for HCM population in thromboembolism prediction. In consideration of catastrophic advent events of thromboembolism, current guidelines have recommended life-long anticoagulant therapy after a single short AF. Therefore, early identification of risk factors for thromboembolism, accurate risk stratification, timely preventive measures and aggressive management may help to avoid serious adverse thromboembolic events in HCM population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Nursing Department, West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen He
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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23
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Bazan SGZ, Oliveira GOD, Silveira CFDSMPD, Reis FM, Malagutte KNDS, Tinasi LSN, Bazan R, Hueb JC, Okoshi K. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Review. Arq Bras Cardiol 2020; 115:927-935. [PMID: 33295458 PMCID: PMC8452207 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20190802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH) é a doença cardíaca de origem genética mais comum, cuja principal característica consiste na hipertrofia ventricular esquerda que acontece na ausência de outras patologias que desencadeiam tal alteração. A CMH pode se apresentar desde formas assintomáticas até manifestações de morte cardíaca súbita e de insuficiência cardíaca refratária. Métodos de imagem contemporâneos de alta resolução e escores clínicos mais acurados vêm sendo utilizados e desenvolvidos no sentido de propiciar uma avaliação prognóstica e funcional mais adequada, bem como possibilitar a estratificação dos casos de maior gravidade. Nesta revisão, serão abordados esses aspectos, entre outros tópicos clássicos inerentes ao estudo dessa doença.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silméia Garcia Zanati Bazan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil
| | - Gilberto Ornellas de Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Fabrício Moreira Reis
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil
| | | | - Lucas Santos Nielsen Tinasi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Bazan
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil
| | - João Carlos Hueb
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil
| | - Katashi Okoshi
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, Botucatu, SP - Brasil
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24
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Nollet EE, Westenbrink BD, de Boer RA, Kuster DWD, van der Velden J. Unraveling the Genotype-Phenotype Relationship in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Obesity-Related Cardiac Defects as a Major Disease Modifier. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e018641. [PMID: 33174505 PMCID: PMC7763714 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiomyopathy and is characterized by asymmetric septal thickening and diastolic dysfunction. More than 1500 mutations in genes encoding sarcomere proteins are associated with HCM. However, the genotype‐phenotype relationship in HCM is incompletely understood and involves modification by additional disease hits. Recent cohort studies identify obesity as a major adverse modifier of disease penetrance, severity, and clinical course. In this review, we provide an overview of these clinical findings. Moreover, we explore putative mechanisms underlying obesity‐induced sensitization and aggravation of the HCM phenotype. We hypothesize obesity‐related stressors to impact on cardiomyocyte structure, metabolism, and homeostasis. These may impair cardiac function by directly acting on the primary mutation‐induced myofilament defects and by independently adding to the total cardiac disease burden. Last, we address important clinical and pharmacological implications of the involvement of obesity in HCM disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E Nollet
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - B Daan Westenbrink
- Department of Cardiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology University of Groningen University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam The Netherlands.,Netherlands Heart Institute Utrecht The Netherlands
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25
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Ovics P, Regev D, Baskin P, Davidor M, Shemer Y, Neeman S, Ben-Haim Y, Binah O. Drug Development and the Use of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes for Disease Modeling and Drug Toxicity Screening. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7320. [PMID: 33023024 PMCID: PMC7582587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
: Over the years, numerous groups have employed human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) as a superb human-compatible model for investigating the function and dysfunction of cardiomyocytes, drug screening and toxicity, disease modeling and for the development of novel drugs for heart diseases. In this review, we discuss the broad use of iPSC-CMs for drug development and disease modeling, in two related themes. In the first theme-drug development, adverse drug reactions, mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and the need for efficient drug screening protocols-we discuss the critical need to screen old and new drugs, the process of drug development, marketing and Adverse Drug reactions (ADRs), drug-induced cardiotoxicity, safety screening during drug development, drug development and patient-specific effect and different mechanisms of ADRs. In the second theme-using iPSC-CMs for disease modeling and developing novel drugs for heart diseases-we discuss the rationale for using iPSC-CMs and modeling acquired and inherited heart diseases with iPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Ovics
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Danielle Regev
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Polina Baskin
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Mor Davidor
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Yuval Shemer
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Shunit Neeman
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
| | - Yael Ben-Haim
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK;
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | - Ofer Binah
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Rappaport Institute, Ruth & Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa 31096, Israel; (P.O.); (D.R.); (P.B.); (M.D.); (Y.S.); (S.N.)
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26
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Oldt RF, Bussey KJ, Settles ML, Fass JN, Roberts JA, Reader JR, Komandoor S, Abrich VA, Kanthaswamy S. MYBPC3 Haplotype Linked to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Rhesus Macaques ( Macaca mulatta). Comp Med 2020; 70:358-367. [PMID: 32753092 PMCID: PMC7574221 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In humans, abnormal thickening of the left ventricle of the heart clinically defines hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a common inherited cardiovascular disorder that can precede a sudden cardiac death event. The wide range of clinical presentations in HCM obscures genetic variants that may influence an individual's susceptibility to sudden cardiac death. Although exon sequencing of major sarcomere genes can be used to detect high-impact causal mutations, this strategy is successful in only half of patient cases. The incidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in a managed research colony of rhesus macaques provides an excellent comparative model in which to explore the genomic etiology of severe HCM and sudden cardiac death. Because no rhesus HCM-associated mutations have been reported, we used a next-generation genotyping assay that targets 7 sarcomeric rhesus genes within 63 genomic sites that are orthologous to human genomic regions known to harbor HCM disease variants. Amplicon sequencing was performed on 52 macaques with confirmed LVH and 42 unrelated, unaffected animals representing both the Indian and Chinese rhesus macaque subspecies. Bias-reduced logistic regression uncovered a risk haplotype in the rhesus MYBPC3 gene, which is frequently disrupted in both human and feline HCM; this haplotype implicates an intronic variant strongly associated with disease in either homozygous or carrier form. Our results highlight that leveraging evolutionary genomic data provides a unique, practical strategy for minimizing population bias in complex disease studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Oldt
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University at the West Campus, Glendale, Arizona; Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University at the West Campus, Glendale, Arizona;,
| | - Kimberly J Bussey
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University at the West Campus, Glendale, Arizona; BEYOND Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science, Arizona State University at the West Campus, Glendale, Arizona
| | - Matthew L Settles
- Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Joseph N Fass
- Bioinformatics Core, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Jeffrey A Roberts
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | - J Rachel Reader
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - Victor A Abrich
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Sreetharan Kanthaswamy
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University at the West Campus, Glendale, Arizona; Evolutionary Biology Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University at the West Campus, Glendale, Arizona; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California
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27
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Haland TF, Edvardsen T. The role of echocardiography in management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Echocardiogr 2019; 18:77-85. [PMID: 31858431 PMCID: PMC7244607 DOI: 10.1007/s12574-019-00454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness. Echocardiographic studies are essential for establishing the diagnosis, evaluating the extent of disease, and risk stratification. Echocardiography is also recommended in regular screening of the genotype-positive relatives. Two-dimensional, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography are standard modalities in HCM diagnosis. Newer echocardiographic techniques as tissue Doppler, strain, and three-dimensional echocardiography are now widely used and can reveal subtle changes in the HCM patients. Echocardiography has given us a better understanding of the disease. In this review, we briefly profile the echocardiographic management of HCM in a clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine F Haland
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Nydalen, PO Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Edvardsen
- Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Nydalen, PO Box 4950, 0424, Oslo, Norway. .,University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, Sophia Antipolis, France.
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28
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Camaioni C, Knott KD, Augusto JB, Seraphim A, Rosmini S, Ricci F, Boubertakh R, Xue H, Hughes R, Captur G, Lopes LR, Brown LAE, Manisty C, Petersen SE, Plein S, Kellman P, Mohiddin SA, Moon JC. Inline perfusion mapping provides insights into the disease mechanism in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart 2019; 106:824-829. [PMID: 31822572 PMCID: PMC7282549 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2019-315848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), the role of small vessel disease and myocardial perfusion remains incompletely understood and data on absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF, mL/g/min) are scarce. We measured MBF using cardiovascular magnetic resonance fully quantitative perfusion mapping to determine the relationship between perfusion, hypertrophy and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in HCM. Methods 101 patients with HCM with unobstructed epicardial coronary arteries and 30 controls (with matched cardiovascular risk factors) underwent pixel-wise perfusion mapping during adenosine stress and rest. Stress, rest MBF and the myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR, ratio of stress to rest) were calculated globally and segmentally and then associated with segmental wall thickness and LGE. Results In HCM, 79% had a perfusion defect on clinical read. Stress MBF and MPR were reduced compared with controls (mean±SD 1.63±0.60 vs 2.30±0.64 mL/g/min, p<0.0001 and 2.21±0.87 vs 2.90±0.90, p=0.0003, respectively). Globally, stress MBF fell with increasing indexed left ventricle mass (R2 for the model 0.186, p=0.036) and segmentally with increasing wall thickness and LGE (both p<0.0001). In 21% of patients with HCM, MBF was lower during stress than rest (MPR <1) in at least one myocardial segment, a phenomenon which was predominantly subendocardial. Apparently normal HCM segments (normal wall thickness, no LGE) had reduced stress MBF and MPR compared with controls (mean±SD 1.88±0.81 mL/g/min vs 2.32±0.78 mL/g/min, p<0.0001). Conclusions Microvascular dysfunction is common in HCM and associated with hypertrophy and LGE. Perfusion can fall during vasodilator stress and is abnormal even in apparently normal myocardium suggesting it may be an early disease marker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristopher D Knott
- Advanced Cardiac Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Joao B Augusto
- Advanced Cardiac Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Seraphim
- Advanced Cardiac Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Redha Boubertakh
- Advanced Cardiac Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Hui Xue
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca Hughes
- Advanced Cardiac Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gaby Captur
- Advanced Cardiac Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luis Rocha Lopes
- Advanced Cardiac Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Charlotte Manisty
- Advanced Cardiac Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Steffen Erhard Petersen
- Advanced Cardiac Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sven Plein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Kellman
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - James C Moon
- Advanced Cardiac Imaging, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK .,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
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29
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Axelsson Raja A, Shi L, Day SM, Russell M, Zahka K, Lever H, Colan SD, Margossian R, Hall EK, Becker J, Jefferies JL, Patel AR, Choudhury L, Murphy AM, Canter C, Bach R, Taylor M, Mestroni L, Wheeler MT, Benson L, Owens AT, Rossano J, Lin KY, Pahl E, Pereira AC, Bundgaard H, Lewis GD, Vargas JD, Cirino AL, McMurray JJV, MacRae CA, Solomon SD, Orav EJ, Braunwald E, Ho CY. Baseline Characteristics of the VANISH Cohort. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e006231. [PMID: 31813281 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.119.006231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The VANISH trial (Valsartan for Attenuating Disease Evolution in Early Sarcomeric Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy) targeted young sarcomeric gene mutation carriers with early-stage hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) to test whether valsartan can modify disease progression. We describe the baseline characteristics of the VANISH cohort and compare to previous trials evaluating angiotensin receptor blockers. METHODS Applying a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled design, 178 participants with nonobstructive HCM (age, 23.3±10.1 years; 61% men) were randomized in the primary cohort and 34 (age, 16.5±4.9 years; 50% men) in the exploratory cohort of sarcomeric mutation carriers without left ventricular hypertrophy. RESULTS In the primary cohort, maximal left ventricular wall thickness was 17±4 mm for adults and Z score 7.0±4.5 for children. Nineteen percent had late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance. Mean peak oxygen consumption was 33 mL/kg per minute, and 92% of participants were New York Heart Association functional class I. New York Heart Association class II was associated with older age, MYH7 variants, and more prominent imaging abnormalities. Six previous trials of angiotensin receptor blockers in HCM enrolled a median of 24 patients (range, 19-133) with mean age of 51.2 years; 42% of patients were in New York Heart Association class ≥II, and sarcomeric mutations were not required. CONCLUSIONS The VANISH cohort is much larger, younger, less heterogeneous, and has less advanced disease than prior angiotensin receptor blocker trials in HCM. Participants had relatively normal functional capacity and mild HCM features. New York Heart Association functional class II symptoms were associated with older age, more prominent imaging abnormalities, and MYH7 variants, suggesting both phenotype and genotype contribute to disease manifestations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01912534.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ling Shi
- New England Research Institutes, Watertown, MA (L.S.)
| | | | - Mark Russell
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (S.M.D., M.R.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason Becker
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN (J.B.)
| | | | | | | | - Anne M Murphy
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (A.M.M.)
| | - Charles Canter
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.C., R.B.)
| | - Richard Bach
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (C.C., R.B.)
| | - Matthew Taylor
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.T., L.M.)
| | - Luisa Mestroni
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora (M.T., L.M.)
| | | | - Lee Benson
- Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, ON, Canada (L.B.)
| | - Anjali T Owens
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (A.T.O.)
| | | | | | - Elfriede Pahl
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, IL (E.P.)
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School (Instituto do Coração), Brazil (A.C.P.)
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Denmark (A.A.R., H.B.)
| | | | - Jose D Vargas
- MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.D.V.)
| | - Allison L Cirino
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L.C., C.A.M., S.D.S., E.J.O., E.B., C.Y.H.)
| | | | - Calum A MacRae
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L.C., C.A.M., S.D.S., E.J.O., E.B., C.Y.H.)
| | - Scott D Solomon
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L.C., C.A.M., S.D.S., E.J.O., E.B., C.Y.H.)
| | - E John Orav
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L.C., C.A.M., S.D.S., E.J.O., E.B., C.Y.H.)
| | - Eugene Braunwald
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L.C., C.A.M., S.D.S., E.J.O., E.B., C.Y.H.)
| | - Carolyn Y Ho
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (A.L.C., C.A.M., S.D.S., E.J.O., E.B., C.Y.H.)
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Abdullah S, Lynn ML, McConnell MT, Klass MM, Baldo AP, Schwartz SD, Tardiff JC. FRET-based analysis of the cardiac troponin T linker region reveals the structural basis of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing Δ160E mutation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:14634-14647. [PMID: 31387947 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the cardiac thin filament (TF) have highly variable effects on the regulatory function of the cardiac sarcomere. Understanding the molecular-level dysfunction elicited by TF mutations is crucial to elucidate cardiac disease mechanisms. The hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-causing cardiac troponin T (cTnT) mutation Δ160Glu (Δ160E) is located in a putative "hinge" adjacent to an unstructured linker connecting domains TNT1 and TNT2. Currently, no high-resolution structure exists for this region, limiting significantly our ability to understand its role in myofilament activation and the molecular mechanism of mutation-induced dysfunction. Previous regulated in vitro motility data have indicated mutation-induced impairment of weak actomyosin interactions. We hypothesized that cTnT-Δ160E repositions the flexible linker, altering weak actomyosin electrostatic binding and acting as a biophysical trigger for impaired contractility and the observed remodeling. Using time-resolved FRET and an all-atom TF model, here we first defined the WT structure of the cTnT-linker region and then identified Δ160E mutation-induced positional changes. Our results suggest that the WT linker runs alongside the C terminus of tropomyosin. The Δ160E-induced structural changes moved the linker closer to the tropomyosin C terminus, an effect that was more pronounced in the presence of myosin subfragment (S1) heads, supporting previous findings. Our in silico model fully supported this result, indicating a mutation-induced decrease in linker flexibility. Our findings provide a framework for understanding basic pathogenic mechanisms that drive severe clinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotypes and for identifying structural targets for intervention that can be tested in silico and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Abdullah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
| | - Melissa L Lynn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
| | - Mark T McConnell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
| | - Matthew M Klass
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
| | - Anthony P Baldo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
| | - Steven D Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721
| | - Jil C Tardiff
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721 .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721.,Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, 85721.,Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
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31
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Yadav S, Yuan CC, Kazmierczak K, Liang J, Huang W, Takeuchi LM, Kanashiro-Takeuchi RM, Szczesna-Cordary D. Therapeutic potential of AAV9-S15D-RLC gene delivery in humanized MYL2 mouse model of HCM. J Mol Med (Berl) 2019; 97:1033-1047. [PMID: 31101927 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-019-01791-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by ventricular hypertrophy, myofibrillar disarray, and fibrosis, and is primarily caused by mutations in sarcomeric genes. With no definitive cure for HCM, there is an urgent need for the development of novel preventive and reparative therapies. This study is focused on aspartic acid-to-valine (D166V) mutation in the myosin regulatory light chain, RLC (MYL2 gene), associated with a malignant form of HCM. Since myosin RLC phosphorylation is critical for normal cardiac function, we aimed to exploit this post-translational modification via phosphomimetic-RLC gene therapy. We hypothesized that mimicking/modulating cardiac RLC phosphorylation in non-phosphorylatable D166V myocardium would improve heart function of HCM-D166V mice. Adeno-associated virus, serotype-9 (AAV9) was used to deliver phosphomimetic human RLC variant with serine-to-aspartic acid substitution at Ser15-RLC phosphorylation site (S15D-RLC) into the hearts of humanized HCM-D166V mice. Improvement of heart function was monitored by echocardiography, invasive hemodynamics (PV-loops) and muscle contractile mechanics. A significant increase in cardiac output and stroke work and a decrease in relaxation constant, Tau, shown to be prolonged in HCM mice, were observed in AAV- vs. PBS-injected HCM mice. Strain analysis showed enhanced myocardial longitudinal shortening in AAV-treated vs. control mice. In addition, increased maximal contractile force was observed in skinned papillary muscles from AAV-injected HCM hearts. Our data suggest that myosin RLC phosphorylation may have important translational implications for the treatment of RLC mutations-induced HCM and possibly play a role in other disease settings accompanied by depressed Ser15-RLC phosphorylation. KEY MESSAGES: HCM-D166V mice show decreased RLC phosphorylation and decompensated function. AAV9-S15D-RLC gene therapy in HCM-D166V mice, but not in WT-RLC, results in improved heart performance. Global longitudinal strain analysis shows enhanced contractility in AAV vs controls. Increased systolic and diastolic function is paralleled by higher contractile force. Phosphomimic S15D-RLC has a therapeutic potential for HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Chen-Ching Yuan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jingsheng Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Wenrui Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Lauro M Takeuchi
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rosemeire M Kanashiro-Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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ERK: A Key Player in the Pathophysiology of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092164. [PMID: 31052420 PMCID: PMC6539093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive and compensatory mechanism preserving cardiac output during detrimental stimuli. Nevertheless, long-term stimuli incite chronic hypertrophy and may lead to heart failure. In this review, we analyze the recent literature regarding the role of ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) activity in cardiac hypertrophy. ERK signaling produces beneficial effects during the early phase of chronic pressure overload in response to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and integrin stimulation. These functions comprise (i) adaptive concentric hypertrophy and (ii) cell death prevention. On the other hand, ERK participates in maladaptive hypertrophy during hypertension and chemotherapy-mediated cardiac side effects. Specific ERK-associated scaffold proteins are implicated in either cardioprotective or detrimental hypertrophic functions. Interestingly, ERK phosphorylated at threonine 188 and activated ERK5 (the big MAPK 1) are associated with pathological forms of hypertrophy. Finally, we examine the connection between ERK activation and hypertrophy in (i) transgenic mice overexpressing constitutively activated RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases), (ii) animal models with mutated sarcomeric proteins characteristic of inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathies (HCMs), and (iii) mice reproducing syndromic genetic RASopathies. Overall, the scientific literature suggests that during cardiac hypertrophy, ERK could be a “good” player to be stimulated or a “bad” actor to be mitigated, depending on the pathophysiological context.
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Yadav S, Kazmierczak K, Liang J, Sitbon YH, Szczesna-Cordary D. Phosphomimetic-mediated in vitro rescue of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy linked to R58Q mutation in myosin regulatory light chain. FEBS J 2018; 286:151-168. [PMID: 30430732 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation is important for cardiac muscle mechanics/function as well as for the Ca2+ -troponin/tropomyosin regulation of muscle contraction. This study focuses on the arginine to glutamine (R58Q) substitution in the human ventricular RLC (MYL2 gene), linked to malignant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in humans and causing severe functional abnormalities in transgenic (Tg) R58Q mice, including inhibition of cardiac RLC phosphorylation. Using a phosphomimic recombinant RLC variant where Ser-15 at the phosphorylation site was substituted with aspartic acid (S15D) and placed in the background of R58Q, we aimed to assess whether we could rescue/mitigate R58Q-induced structural/functional abnormalities in vitro. We show rescue of several R58Q-exerted adverse phenotypes in S15D-R58Q-reconstituted porcine cardiac muscle preparations. A low level of maximal isometric force observed for R58Q- versus WT-reconstituted fibers was restored by S15D-R58Q. Significant beneficial effects were also observed on the Vmax of actin-activated myosin ATPase activity in S15D-R58Q versus R58Q-reconstituted myosin, along with its binding to fluorescently labeled actin. We also report that R58Q promotes the OFF state of myosin, both in reconstituted porcine fibers and in Tg mouse papillary muscles, thereby stabilizing the super-relaxed state (SRX) of myosin, characterized by a very low ATP turnover rate. Experiments in S15D-R58Q-reconstituted porcine fibers showed a mild destabilization of the SRX state, suggesting an S15D-mediated shift in disordered-relaxed (DRX)↔SRX equilibrium toward the DRX state of myosin. Our study shows that S15D-phosphomimic can be used as a potential rescue strategy to abrogate/alleviate the RLC mutation-induced phenotypes and is a likely candidate for therapeutic intervention in HCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Jingsheng Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Yoel H Sitbon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, USA
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Li J, Gresham KS, Mamidi R, Doh CY, Wan X, Deschenes I, Stelzer JE. Sarcomere-based genetic enhancement of systolic cardiac function in a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2018; 273:168-176. [PMID: 30279005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Diminished cardiac contractile function is a characteristic feature of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and many other heart failure (HF) causing etiologies. We tested the hypothesis that targeting the sarcomere to increase cardiac contractility can effectively prevent the DCM phenotype in muscle-LIM protein knockout (MLP-/-) mice. The ablation of cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3-/-) protected the MLP-/- mice from developing the DCM phenotype. We examined the in vivo cardiac function and morphology of the resultant mouse model lacking both MLP and MYBPC3 (DKO) by echocardiography and pressure-volume catheterization and found a significant reduction in hypertrophy, as evidenced by normalized wall thickness and chamber dimensions, and improved systolic function, as evidenced by enhanced ejection fraction (~26% increase compared MLP-/- mice) and rate of pressure development (DKO 7851.0 ± 504.8 vs. MLP-/- 4496.4 ± 196.8 mmHg/s). To investigate the molecular basis for the improved DKO phenotype we performed mechanical experiments in skinned myocardium isolated from WT and the individual KO mice. Skinned myocardium isolated from DKO mice displayed increased Ca2+ sensitivity of force generation, and significantly accelerated rate of cross-bridge detachment (+63% compared to MLP-/-) and rate of XB recruitment (+58% compared to MLP-/-) at submaximal Ca2+ activations. The in vivo and in vitro functional enhancement of DKO mice demonstrates that enhancing the sarcomeric contractility can be cardioprotective in HF characterized by reduced cardiac output, such as in cases of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Kenneth S Gresham
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ranganath Mamidi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Chang Yoon Doh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Xiaoping Wan
- The Heart and Vascular Research Center, Metro Health, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Deschenes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; The Heart and Vascular Research Center, Metro Health, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Julian E Stelzer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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35
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Greenberg MJ, Daily NJ, Wang A, Conway MK, Wakatsuki T. Genetic and Tissue Engineering Approaches to Modeling the Mechanics of Human Heart Failure for Drug Discovery. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:120. [PMID: 30283789 PMCID: PMC6156537 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the western world and as such, there is a great need for new therapies. Heart failure has a variable presentation in patients and a complex etiology; however, it is fundamentally a condition that affects the mechanics of cardiac contraction, preventing the heart from generating sufficient cardiac output under normal operating pressures. One of the major issues hindering the development of new therapies has been difficulties in developing appropriate in vitro model systems of human heart failure that recapitulate the essential changes in cardiac mechanics seen in the disease. Recent advances in stem cell technologies, genetic engineering, and tissue engineering have the potential to revolutionize our ability to model and study heart failure in vitro. Here, we review how these technologies are being applied to develop personalized models of heart failure and discover novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | | | - Ann Wang
- InvivoSciences Inc., Madison, WI, United States
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36
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Mitochondrial Dysfunctions Contribute to Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Patient iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes with MT-RNR2 Mutation. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 10:808-821. [PMID: 29456182 PMCID: PMC5918198 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young individuals. A potential role of mtDNA mutations in HCM is known. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms linking mtDNA mutations to HCM remain poorly understood due to lack of cell and animal models. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (HCM-iPSC-CMs) from human patients in a maternally inherited HCM family who carry the m.2336T>C mutation in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene (MT-RNR2). The results showed that the m.2336T>C mutation resulted in mitochondrial dysfunctions and ultrastructure defects by decreasing the stability of 16S rRNA, which led to reduced levels of mitochondrial proteins. The ATP/ADP ratio and mitochondrial membrane potential were also reduced, thereby elevating the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, which was associated with numerous HCM-specific electrophysiological abnormalities. Our findings therefore provide an innovative insight into the pathogenesis of maternally inherited HCM. Generation of HCM-specific iPSC-CMs carrying the m.2336T>C mutation in MT-RNR2 m.2336T>C mutation results in mitochondrial dysfunctions Mitochondrial dysfunctions lead to increased [Ca2+]i and decreased ICaL Abnormal Ca2+ homeostasis is associated with HCM-specific abnormalities
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37
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Amano Y, Kitamura M, Takano H, Yanagisawa F, Tachi M, Suzuki Y, Kumita S, Takayama M. Cardiac MR Imaging of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Techniques, Findings, and Clinical Relevance. Magn Reson Med Sci 2018; 17:120-131. [PMID: 29343659 PMCID: PMC5891337 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2017-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a relatively common myocardial genetic disease having a wide variety of symptoms and prognoses. The most serious complications of HCM are sudden cardiac death induced by ventricular arrhythmia or inappropriate changes in blood pressure, and heart failure. Cardiac MR imaging is a valuable imaging method for detecting HCM because of its accurate measurement of wall thickness and myocardial mass without limited view and the unique ability of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) to identify myocardial fibrosis related to the prognosis of HCM. Tagging and T1 or T2 mapping MR imaging techniques have emerged as quantitative methods for the evaluation of disease severity. In this review, we introduce the MR imaging techniques applied to HCM and demonstrate the typical phenotypes and some morphological characteristics of HCM. In addition, we discuss the clinical relevance of MR imaging for risk stratification and management of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Amano
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University Hospital
| | | | | | - Fumi Yanagisawa
- Department of Radiology, Nihon University Hospital.,Department of Radiology, Nippon Medical School
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38
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Toib A, Zhang C, Borghetti G, Zhang X, Wallner M, Yang Y, Troupes CD, Kubo H, Sharp TE, Feldsott E, Berretta RM, Zalavadia N, Trappanese DM, Harper S, Gross P, Chen X, Mohsin S, Houser SR. Remodeling of repolarization and arrhythmia susceptibility in a myosin-binding protein C knockout mouse model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28646025 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00167.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is one of the most common genetic cardiac diseases and among the leading causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in the young. The cellular mechanisms leading to SCD in HCM are not well known. Prolongation of the action potential (AP) duration (APD) is a common feature predisposing hypertrophied hearts to SCD. Previous studies have explored the roles of inward Na+ and Ca2+ in the development of HCM, but the role of repolarizing K+ currents has not been defined. The objective of this study was to characterize the arrhythmogenic phenotype and cellular electrophysiological properties of mice with HCM, induced by myosin-binding protein C (MyBPC) knockout (KO), and to test the hypothesis that remodeling of repolarizing K+ currents causes APD prolongation in MyBPC KO myocytes. We demonstrated that MyBPC KO mice developed severe hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction compared with wild-type (WT) control mice. Telemetric electrocardiographic recordings of awake mice revealed prolongation of the corrected QT interval in the KO compared with WT control mice, with overt ventricular arrhythmias. Whole cell current- and voltage-clamp experiments comparing KO with WT mice demonstrated ventricular myocyte hypertrophy, AP prolongation, and decreased repolarizing K+ currents. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed decreased mRNA levels of several key K+ channel subunits. In conclusion, decrease in repolarizing K+ currents in MyBPC KO ventricular myocytes contributes to AP and corrected QT interval prolongation and could account for the arrhythmia susceptibility.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Ventricular myocytes isolated from the myosin-binding protein C knockout hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mouse model demonstrate decreased repolarizing K+ currents and action potential and QT interval prolongation, linking cellular repolarization abnormalities with arrhythmia susceptibility and the risk for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Toib
- Section of Pediatric Cardiology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children and Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and.,Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Chen Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giulia Borghetti
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Markus Wallner
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yijun Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Constantine D Troupes
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hajime Kubo
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas E Sharp
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eric Feldsott
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Remus M Berretta
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Neil Zalavadia
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Danielle M Trappanese
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shavonn Harper
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Polina Gross
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xiongwen Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sadia Mohsin
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Steven R Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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39
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Wu Y, Lou QY, Ge F, Xiong Q. Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals Novel Targets of miR-21 in Zebrafish Embryos. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28642470 PMCID: PMC5481331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs which control gene expression by the suppression of translation or the degradation of mRNAs. Dre-miR-21 (miR-21) has been reported to impact cardiac valvulogenesis in zebrafish embryos. However, the target genes of miR-21 are still largely unknown. Here a tandem isobaric mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic strategy was employed to identify the global profile of miR-21-regulated proteins. A total of 251 proteins were dysregulated after miR-21 knockdown, suggesting that they may be regulated by miR-21. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that these differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) participate in various biological processes, suggesting that miR-21 may be involved in diverse cellular pathways. Sixteen DEPs were also predicted to be miR-21 targets by at least two algorithms, and several candidate target genes were selected for further luciferase reporter analysis. The results showed that genes encoding tropomyosin 1 (tpm1) and poly(rC) binding protein 2 (pcbp2) are direct miR-21 targets. Taken together, our results not only reveal a large number of novel miR-21 regulated proteins that possess pleiotropic functions, but also provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of miR-21 regulation of zebrafish cardiac valvulogenesis and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi-Yong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Feng Ge
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Qian Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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40
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Cellular interplay via cytokine hierarchy causes pathological cardiac hypertrophy in RAF1-mutant Noonan syndrome. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15518. [PMID: 28548091 PMCID: PMC5458545 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is caused by mutations in RAS/ERK pathway genes, and is characterized by craniofacial, growth, cognitive and cardiac defects. NS patients with kinase-activating RAF1 alleles typically develop pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which is reproduced in Raf1L613V/+ knock-in mice. Here, using inducible Raf1L613V expression, we show that LVH results from the interplay of cardiac cell types. Cardiomyocyte Raf1L613V enhances Ca2+ sensitivity and cardiac contractility without causing hypertrophy. Raf1L613V expression in cardiomyocytes or activated fibroblasts exacerbates pressure overload-evoked fibrosis. Endothelial/endocardial (EC) Raf1L613V causes cardiac hypertrophy without affecting contractility. Co-culture and neutralizing antibody experiments reveal a cytokine (TNF/IL6) hierarchy in Raf1L613V-expressing ECs that drives cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Furthermore, postnatal TNF inhibition normalizes the increased wall thickness and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vivo. We conclude that NS-cardiomyopathy involves cardiomyocytes, ECs and fibroblasts, TNF/IL6 signalling components represent potential therapeutic targets, and abnormal EC signalling might contribute to other forms of LVH. The human congenital disorder Noonan Syndrome (NS) is caused by germ-line mutations that hyperactivate the RAS/ERK signalling pathway, and can feature pathologic cardiac enlargement. Here, the authors find that a complex cellular and molecular interplay involving a cytokine hierarchy underlies cardiac hypertrophy caused by a NS-associated Raf allele.
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The myosin mesa and the basis of hypercontractility caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2017; 24:525-533. [PMID: 28481356 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is primarily caused by mutations in β-cardiac myosin and myosin-binding protein-C (MyBP-C). Changes in the contractile parameters of myosin measured so far do not explain the clinical hypercontractility caused by such mutations. We propose that hypercontractility is due to an increase in the number of myosin heads (S1) that are accessible for force production. In support of this hypothesis, we demonstrate myosin tail (S2)-dependent functional regulation of actin-activated human β-cardiac myosin ATPase. In addition, we show that both S2 and MyBP-C bind to S1 and that phosphorylation of either S1 or MyBP-C weakens these interactions. Importantly, the S1-S2 interaction is also weakened by four myosin HCM-causing mutations but not by two other mutations. To explain these experimental results, we propose a working structural model involving multiple interactions, including those with myosin's own S2 and MyBP-C, that hold myosin in a sequestered state.
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42
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Saberi S, Wheeler M, Bragg-Gresham J, Hornsby W, Agarwal PP, Attili A, Concannon M, Dries AM, Shmargad Y, Salisbury H, Kumar S, Herrera JJ, Myers J, Helms AS, Ashley EA, Day SM. Effect of Moderate-Intensity Exercise Training on Peak Oxygen Consumption in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2017; 317:1349-1357. [PMID: 28306757 PMCID: PMC5469299 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.2503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Formulating exercise recommendations for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is challenging because of concern about triggering ventricular arrhythmias and because a clinical benefit has not been previously established in this population. OBJECTIVE To determine whether moderate-intensity exercise training improves exercise capacity in adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A randomized clinical trial involving 136 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was conducted between April 2010 and October 2015 at 2 academic medical centers in the United States (University of Michigan Health System and Stanford University Medical Center). Date of last follow-up was November 2016. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomly assigned to 16 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training (n = 67) or usual activity (n = 69). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome measure was change in peak oxygen consumption from baseline to 16 weeks. RESULTS Among the 136 randomized participants (mean age, 50.4 [SD, 13.3] years; 42% women), 113 (83%) completed the study. At 16 weeks, the change in mean peak oxygen consumption was +1.35 (95% CI, 0.50 to 2.21) mL/kg/min among participants in the exercise training group and +0.08 (95% CI, -0.62 to 0.79) mL/kg/min among participants in the usual-activity group (between-group difference, 1.27 [95% CI, 0.17 to 2.37]; P = .02). There were no occurrences of sustained ventricular arrhythmia, sudden cardiac arrest, appropriate defibrillator shock, or death in either group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this preliminary study involving patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, moderate-intensity exercise compared with usual activity resulted in a statistically significant but small increase in exercise capacity at 16 weeks. Further research is needed to understand the clinical importance of this finding in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as well as the long-term safety of exercise at moderate and higher levels of intensity. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01127061.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saberi
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Matthew Wheeler
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | | | | | | | - Anil Attili
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Annika M. Dries
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Yael Shmargad
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Heidi Salisbury
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
| | - Suwen Kumar
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | | | | | - Adam S. Helms
- University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor
| | - Euan A. Ashley
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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Li T, Jiang S, Yang Z, Ma Z, Yi W, Wang D, Yang Y. Targeting the energy guardian AMPK: another avenue for treating cardiomyopathy? Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1413-1429. [PMID: 27815596 PMCID: PMC11107559 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a pivotal regulator of endogenous defensive molecules in various pathological processes. The AMPK signaling regulates a variety of intracellular intermedial molecules involved in biological reactions, including glycogen metabolism, protein synthesis, and cardiac fibrosis, in response to hypertrophic stimuli. Studies have revealed that the activation of AMPK performs a protective role in cardiovascular diseases, whereas its function in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy remains elusive and poorly understood. In view of the current evidence of AMPK, we introduce the biological information of AMPK and cardiac hypertrophy as well as some upstream activators of AMPK. Next, we discuss two important types of cardiomyopathy involving AMPK, RKAG2 cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Eventually, therapeutic research, genetic screening, conflicts, obstacles, challenges, and potential directions are also highlighted in this review, aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of AMPK for readers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Department of Aerospace Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 1 Xinsi Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Dongjin Wang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Fourth Military Medical University, 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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44
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Pseudophosphorylation of cardiac myosin regulatory light chain: a promising new tool for treatment of cardiomyopathy. Biophys Rev 2017; 9:57-64. [PMID: 28510043 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-017-0248-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Many genetic mutations in sarcomeric proteins, including the cardiac myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) encoded by the MYL2 gene, have been implicated in familial cardiomyopathies. Yet, the molecular mechanisms by which these mutant proteins regulate cardiac muscle mechanics in health and disease remain poorly understood. Evidence has been accumulating that RLC phosphorylation has an influential role in striated muscle contraction and, in addition to the conventional modulation via Ca2+ binding to troponin C, it can regulate cardiac muscle function. In this review, we focus on RLC mutations that have been reported to cause cardiomyopathy phenotypes via compromised RLC phosphorylation and elaborate on pseudo-phosphorylation rescue mechanisms. This new methodology has been discussed as an emerging exploratory tool to understand the role of phosphorylation as well as a genetic modality to prevent/rescue cardiomyopathy phenotypes. Finally, we summarize structural effects post-phosphorylation, a phenomenon that leads to an ordered shift in the myosin S1 and RLC conformational equilibrium between two distinct states.
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45
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The genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in cats and humans. J Vet Cardiol 2016; 17 Suppl 1:S53-73. [PMID: 26776594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvc.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes that encode for muscle sarcomeric proteins have been identified in humans and two breeds of domestic cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This article reviews the history, genetics, and pathogenesis of HCM in the two species in order to give veterinarians a perspective on the genetics of HCM. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in people is a genetic disease that has been called a disease of the sarcomere because the preponderance of mutations identified that cause HCM are in genes that encode for sarcomeric proteins (Maron and Maron, 2013). Sarcomeres are the basic contractile units of muscle and thus sarcomeric proteins are responsible for the strength, speed, and extent of muscle contraction. In people with HCM, the two most common genes affected by HCM mutations are the myosin heavy chain gene (MYH7), the gene that encodes for the motor protein β-myosin heavy chain (the sarcomeric protein that splits ATP to generate force), and the cardiac myosin binding protein-C gene (MYBPC3), a gene that encodes for the closely related structural and regulatory protein, cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C). To date, the two mutations linked to HCM in domestic cats (one each in Maine Coon and Ragdoll breeds) also occur in MYBPC3 (Meurs et al., 2005, 2007). This is a review of the genetics of HCM in both humans and domestic cats that focuses on the aspects of human genetics that are germane to veterinarians and on all aspects of feline HCM genetics.
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46
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Chang AN, Kamm KE, Stull JT. Role of myosin light chain phosphatase in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 101:35-43. [PMID: 27742556 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of contractile performance of the heart is achieved in part by the constitutive 40% phosphorylation of myosin regulatory light chain (RLC) in sarcomeres. The importance of this extent of RLC phosphorylation for optimal cardiac performance becomes apparent when various mouse models and resultant phenotypes are compared. The absence or attenuation of RLC phosphorylation results in poor performance leading to heart failure, whereas increased RLC phosphorylation is associated with cardiac protection from stresses. Although information is limited, RLC phosphorylation appears compromised in human heart failure which is consistent with data from mouse studies. The extent of cardiac RLC phosphorylation is determined by the balanced activities of cardiac myosin light chain kinases and phosphatases, the regulatory mechanisms of which are now emerging. This review thusly focuses on kinases that may participate in phosphorylating RLC to make the substrate for cardiac myosin light chain phosphatases, in addition to providing perspectives on the family of myosin light chain phosphatases and involved signaling mechanisms. Because biochemical and physiological information about cardiac myosin light chain phosphatase is sparse, such studies represent an emerging area of investigation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey N Chang
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Kristine E Kamm
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - James T Stull
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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47
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Huang W, Kazmierczak K, Zhou Z, Aguiar-Pulido V, Narasimhan G, Szczesna-Cordary D. Gene expression patterns in transgenic mouse models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy caused by mutations in myosin regulatory light chain. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 601:121-32. [PMID: 26906074 PMCID: PMC5370580 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Using microarray and bioinformatics, we examined the gene expression profiles in transgenic mouse hearts expressing mutations in the myosin regulatory light chain shown to cause hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). We focused on two malignant RLC-mutations, Arginine 58→Glutamine (R58Q) and Aspartic Acid 166 → Valine (D166V), and one benign, Lysine 104 → Glutamic Acid (K104E)-mutation. Datasets of differentially expressed genes for each of three mutants were compared to those observed in wild-type (WT) hearts. The changes in the mutant vs. WT samples were shown as fold-change (FC), with stringency FC ≥ 2. Based on the gene profiles, we have identified the major signaling pathways that underlie the R58Q-, D166V- and K104E-HCM phenotypes. The correlations between different genotypes were also studied using network-based algorithms. Genes with strong correlations were clustered into one group and the central gene networks were identified for each HCM mutant. The overall gene expression patterns in all mutants were distinct from the WT profiles. Both malignant mutations shared certain classes of genes that were up or downregulated, but most similarities were noted between D166V and K104E mice, with R58Q hearts showing a distinct gene expression pattern. Our data suggest that all three HCM mice lead to cardiomyopathy in a mutation-specific manner and thus develop HCM through diverse mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Zhiqun Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Vanessa Aguiar-Pulido
- Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Giri Narasimhan
- Bioinformatics Research Group (BioRG), School of Computing and Information Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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48
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Cheng Y, Regnier M. Cardiac troponin structure-function and the influence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated mutations on modulation of contractility. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 601:11-21. [PMID: 26851561 PMCID: PMC4899195 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin (cTn) acts as a pivotal regulator of muscle contraction and relaxation and is composed of three distinct subunits (cTnC: a highly conserved Ca(2+) binding subunit, cTnI: an actomyosin ATPase inhibitory subunit, and cTnT: a tropomyosin binding subunit). In this mini-review, we briefly summarize the structure-function relationship of cTn and its subunits, its modulation by PKA-mediated phosphorylation of cTnI, and what is known about how these properties are altered by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) associated mutations of cTnI. This includes recent work using computational modeling approaches to understand the atomic-based structural level basis of disease-associated mutations. We propose a viewpoint that it is alteration of cTnC-cTnI interaction (rather than the Ca(2+) binding properties of cTn) per se that disrupt the ability of PKA-mediated phosphorylation at cTnI Ser-23/24 to alter contraction and relaxation in at least some HCM-associated mutations. The combination of state of the art biophysical approaches can provide new insight on the structure-function mechanisms of contractile dysfunction resulting cTnI mutations and exciting new avenues for the diagnosis, prevention, and even treatment of heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhua Cheng
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Regnier
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, USA.
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49
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Peyrou J, Réant P, Reynaud A, Cornolle C, Dijos M, Rooryck-Thambo C, Landelle M, Montaudon M, Laurent F, Roudaut R, Lafitte S. Morphological and functional abnormalities pattern in hypertrophy-free HCM mutation carriers detected with echocardiography. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 32:1379-1389. [PMID: 27324645 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-0929-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate if morphological or functional abnormalities could be detected with echocardiography in hypertrophic myocardiopathy (HCM) mutation carriers without left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy has developed. HCM is caused by extensive genes mutations found in two-third of patients. Because screening for carriership of a large population is unreasonable, identification of asymptomatic subjects is confined to the use of imaging such as echocardiography, by which subtle abnormalities can be detected. Comprehensive echocardiographic studies including morphological and functional assessment were performed. Asymptomatic HCM mutation carriers without hypertrophy (Phe-/Gen+, n = 14), and HCM patients (Phe+/Gen+, n = 17) were compared with healthy control subjects (n = 32) in a prospective design. Compared to controls, septum thickness was significantly higher with an elongated mitral valve in both groups. Thickened LV muscular band (LVMB) are more likely found in Phe-/Gen+ and Phe+/Gen+. The thickness of LVMB was higher in the Phe-/Gen+ versus controls. A LVMB thickness ≥3.6 mm was associated with HCM mutation carriership (sensitivity: 76.9 %, specificity: 94.1 %). The regional strain was significantly impaired in the basal segments of the septum in the Phe-/Gen+. The GLS was significantly impaired in the Phe+/Gen+ (-16.4 % ± 2.9 vs. -21.4 % ± 2.3 in control subjects, p = 0.01). Mitral A wave velocity, septal E/e', averaged E/e' were increased in both groups. E/A ratio was significantly lower in Phe+/Gen+. Morphological and functional abnormalities in hypertrophy-free HCM mutation carriers could be detected with echocardiography. Anomalous thickened LVMB could be representing a morphological marker for the HCM disease without overt hypertrophy has developed or in patients with an ambiguous diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Peyrou
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France.
| | - Patricia Réant
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Amélie Reynaud
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Claire Cornolle
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Marina Dijos
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Rooryck-Thambo
- Department of Molecular Genetic, Bordeaux University Hospital, Pellegrin Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathieu Landelle
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Michel Montaudon
- Department of Radiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - François Laurent
- Department of Radiology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Pessac, France
| | - Raymond Roudaut
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Lafitte
- Echocardiography Laboratory, Haut-Lévêque Heart Hospital, Bordeaux University Hospital, Avenue de Magellan, 33604, Pessac Cedex, France
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50
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Abstract
The myosin holoenzyme is a multimeric protein complex consisting of heavy chains and light chains. Myosin light chains are calmodulin family members which are crucially involved in the mechanoenzymatic function of the myosin holoenzyme. This review examines the diversity of light chains within the myosin superfamily, discusses interactions between the light chain and the myosin heavy chain as well as regulatory and structural functions of the light chain as a subunit of the myosin holoenzyme. It covers aspects of the myosin light chain in the localization of the myosin holoenzyme, protein-protein interactions and light chain binding to non-myosin binding partners. Finally, this review challenges the dogma that myosin regulatory and essential light chain exclusively associate with conventional myosin heavy chains while unconventional myosin heavy chains usually associate with calmodulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Heissler
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda , MD USA
| | - James R Sellers
- a Laboratory of Molecular Physiology; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institutes of Health ; Bethesda , MD USA
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