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Bényei ÉB, Nazeer RR, Askenasy I, Mancini L, Ho PM, Sivarajan GAC, Swain JEV, Welch M. The past, present and future of polymicrobial infection research: Modelling, eavesdropping, terraforming and other stories. Adv Microb Physiol 2024; 85:259-323. [PMID: 39059822 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two centuries, great advances have been made in microbiology as a discipline. Much of this progress has come about as a consequence of studying the growth and physiology of individual microbial species in well-defined laboratory media; so-called "axenic growth". However, in the real world, microbes rarely live in such "splendid isolation" (to paraphrase Foster) and more often-than-not, share the niche with a plethora of co-habitants. The resulting interactions between species (and even between kingdoms) are only very poorly understood, both on a theoretical and experimental level. Nevertheless, the last few years have seen significant progress, and in this review, we assess the importance of polymicrobial infections, and show how improved experimental traction is advancing our understanding of these. A particular focus is on developments that are allowing us to capture the key features of polymicrobial infection scenarios, especially as those associated with the human airways (both healthy and diseased).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Askenasy
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo Mancini
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pok-Man Ho
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jemima E V Swain
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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2
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Kifelew LG, Warner MS, Morales S, Gordon DL, Thomas N, Mitchell JG, Speck PG. Lytic activity of phages against bacterial pathogens infecting diabetic foot ulcers. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3515. [PMID: 38347019 PMCID: PMC10861545 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53317-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Complications of diabetes, such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), are common, multifactorial in origin, and costly to treat. DFUs are the cause of nearly 90% of limb amputations among persons with diabetes. In most chronic infections such as DFU, biofilms are involved. Bacteria in biofilms are 100-1000 times more resistant to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in DFUs may require alternative therapeutic agents such as bacteriophages ("phages"). This study describes the lytic activity of phage cocktails AB-SA01 (3-phage cocktail) and AB-PA01 (4-phage cocktail), which target S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The host range and lytic effect of AB-SA01 and AB-PA01 on a planktonic culture, single-species biofilm, and mixed-species biofilm were evaluated. In vitro testing showed that 88.7% of S. aureus and 92.7% of P. aeruginosa isolates were susceptible to AB-SA01 and AB-PA01, respectively, in the planktonic state. The component phages of AB-SA01 and AB-PA01 infected 66% to 94.3% of the bacterial isolates tested. Furthermore, AB-SA01 and AB-PA01 treatment significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the biofilm biomass of their hosts, regardless of the antibiotic-resistant characteristics of the isolates and the presence of a non-susceptible host. In conclusion, the strong lytic activity, broad host range, and significant biofilm biomass reduction of AB-SA01 and AB-PA01 suggest the considerable potential of phages in treating antibiotic-resistant S. aureus and P. aeruginosa infections alone or as coinfections in DFUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Legesse Garedew Kifelew
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
- St Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, 1271, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Morgyn S Warner
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Woodville, SA, 5011, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Sandra Morales
- AmpliPhi Australia Pty Ltd., Brookvale, NSW, 2100, Australia
- Phage Consulting, Sydney, NSW, 2100, Australia
| | - David L Gordon
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, SA, 5011, Australia
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - James G Mitchell
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Peter G Speck
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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3
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Trognon J, Rima M, Lajoie B, Roques C, El Garah F. NaCl-induced modulation of species distribution in a mixed P. aeruginosa / S. aureus / B.cepacia biofilm. Biofilm 2023; 6:100153. [PMID: 37711514 PMCID: PMC10497989 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Burkholderia cepacia are notorious pathogens known for their ability to form resilient biofilms, particularly within the lung environment of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The heightened concentration of NaCl, prevalent in the airway liquid of CF patients' lungs, has been identified as a factor that promotes the growth of osmotolerant bacteria like S. aureus and dampens host antibacterial defenses, thereby fostering favorable conditions for infections. In this study, we aimed to investigate how increased NaCl concentrations impact the development of multi-species biofilms in vitro, using both laboratory strains and clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and B. cepacia co-cultures. Employing a low-nutrient culture medium that fosters biofilm growth of the selected species, we quantified biofilm formation through a combination of adherent CFU counts, qPCR analysis, and confocal microscopy observations. Our findings reaffirmed the challenges faced by S. aureus in establishing growth within 1:1 mixed biofilms with P. aeruginosa when cultivated in a minimal medium. Intriguingly, at an elevated NaCl concentration of 145 mM, a symbiotic relationship emerged between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, enabling their co-existence. Notably, this hyperosmotic environment also exerted an influence on the interplay of these two bacteria with B. cepacia. We demonstrated that elevated NaCl concentrations play a pivotal role in orchestrating the distribution of these three species within the biofilm matrix. Furthermore, our study unveiled the beneficial impact of NaCl on the biofilm growth of clinically relevant mucoid P. aeruginosa strains, as well as two strains of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant S. aureus. This underscores the crucial role of the microenvironment during the colonization and infection processes. The results suggest that hyperosmotic conditions could hold the key to unlocking a deeper understanding of the genesis and behavior of CF multi-species biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Trognon
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Maya Rima
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Barbora Lajoie
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Roques
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- CHU Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Service de Bactériologie Hygiène, Toulouse, France
| | - Fatima El Garah
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Ambreetha S, Singh V. Genetic and environmental determinants of surface adaptations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2023; 169. [PMID: 37276014 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a well-studied Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium that thrives in markedly varied environments. It is a nutritionally versatile microbe that can colonize a host as well as exist in the environment. Unicellular, planktonic cells of
P. aeruginosa
can come together to perform a coordinated swarming movement or turn into a sessile, surface-adhered population called biofilm. These collective behaviours produce strikingly different outcomes. While swarming motility rapidly disseminates the bacterial population, biofilm collectively protects the population from environmental stresses such as heat, drought, toxic chemicals, grazing by predators, and attack by host immune cells and antibiotics. The ubiquitous nature of
P. aeruginosa
is likely to be supported by the timely transition between planktonic, swarming and biofilm lifestyles. The social behaviours of this bacteria viz biofilm and swarm modes are controlled by signals from quorum-sensing networks, LasI-LasR, RhlI-RhlR and PQS-MvfR, and several other sensory kinases and response regulators. A combination of environmental and genetic cues regulates the transition of the
P. aeruginosa
population to specific states. The current review is aimed at discussing key factors that promote physiologically distinct transitioning of the
P. aeruginosa
population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Ambreetha
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka - 560012, India
| | - Varsha Singh
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka - 560012, India
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5
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Wang L, Wang H, Zhang H, Wu H. Formation of a biofilm matrix network shapes polymicrobial interactions. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:467-477. [PMID: 36639539 PMCID: PMC9938193 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the same ecological niche as many commensals. However, little is known about how such commensals modulate staphylococcal fitness and persistence. Here we report a new mechanism that mediates dynamic interactions between a commensal streptococcus and S. aureus. Commensal Streptococcus parasanguinis significantly increased the staphylococcal biofilm formation in vitro and enhanced its colonization in vivo. A streptococcal biofilm-associated protein BapA1, not fimbriae-associated protein Fap1, is essential for dual-species biofilm formation. On the other side, three staphylococcal virulence determinants responsible for the BapA1-dependent dual-species biofilm formation were identified by screening a staphylococcal transposon mutant library. The corresponding staphylococcal mutants lacked binding to recombinant BapA1 (rBapA1) due to lower amounts of eDNA in their culture supernatants and were defective in biofilm formation with streptococcus. The rBapA1 selectively colocalized with eDNA within the dual-species biofilm and bound to eDNA in vitro, highlighting the contributions of the biofilm matrix formed between streptococcal BapA1 and staphylococcal eDNA to dual-species biofilm formation. These findings have revealed an additional new mechanism through which an interspecies biofilm matrix network mediates polymicrobial interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, 102218, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
| | - Hua Zhang
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Departments of Pediatric Dentistry and Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham Schools of Dentistry and Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, 35294, USA.
- Department of Integrative Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa Production of Hydrogen Cyanide Leads to Airborne Control of Staphylococcus aureus Growth in Biofilm and In Vivo Lung Environments. mBio 2022; 13:e0215422. [PMID: 36129311 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02154-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse bacterial volatile compounds alter bacterial stress responses and physiology, but their contribution to population dynamics in polymicrobial communities is not well known. In this study, we showed that airborne volatile hydrogen cyanide (HCN) produced by a wide range of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains leads to at-a-distance in vitro inhibition of the growth of a wide array of Staphylococcus aureus strains. We determined that low-oxygen environments not only enhance P. aeruginosa HCN production but also increase S. aureus sensitivity to HCN, which impacts P. aeruginosa-S. aureus competition in microaerobic in vitro mixed biofilms as well as in an in vitro cystic fibrosis lung sputum medium. Consistently, we demonstrated that production of HCN by P. aeruginosa controls S. aureus growth in a mouse model of airways coinfected by P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Our study therefore demonstrates that P. aeruginosa HCN contributes to local and distant airborne competition against S. aureus and potentially other HCN-sensitive bacteria in contexts relevant to cystic fibrosis and other polymicrobial infectious diseases. IMPORTANCE Airborne volatile compounds produced by bacteria are often only considered attractive or repulsive scents, but they also directly contribute to bacterial physiology. Here, we showed that volatile hydrogen cyanide (HCN) released by a wide range of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains controls Staphylococcus aureus growth in low-oxygen in vitro biofilms or aggregates and in vivo lung environments. These results are of pathophysiological relevance, since lungs of cystic fibrosis patients are known to present microaerobic areas and to be commonly associated with the presence of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa in polymicrobial communities. Our study therefore provides insights into how a bacterial volatile compound can contribute to the exclusion of S. aureus and other HCN-sensitive competitors from P. aeruginosa ecological niches. It opens new perspectives for the management or monitoring of P. aeruginosa infections in lower-lung airway infections and other polymicrobial disease contexts.
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7
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Jiang K, Xu Y, Yuan B, Yue Y, Zhao M, Luo R, Wu H, Wang L, Zhang Y, Xiao J, Lin F. Effect of Autoinducer-2 Quorum Sensing Inhibitor on Interspecies Quorum Sensing. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:791802. [PMID: 35418956 PMCID: PMC8996156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.791802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial drug resistance caused by overuse and misuse of antibiotics is common, especially in clinical multispecies infections. It is of great significance to discover novel agents to treat clinical bacterial infections. Studies have demonstrated that autoinducer-2 (AI-2), a signal molecule in quorum sensing (QS), plays an important role in communication among multiple bacterial species and bacterial drug-resistance. Previously, 14 AI-2 inhibited compounds were selected through virtual screening by using the AI-2 receptor protein LuxP as a target. Here, we used Vibrio harveyi BB170 as a reporter strain for the preliminary screening of 14 inhibitors and compound Str7410 had higher AI-2 QS inhibition activity (IC50 = 0.3724 ± 0.1091 μM). Then, co-culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of Str7410 on multispecies infection in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, Str7410 significantly inhibited the formation of mixed bacterial biofilms. Meanwhile, the combination of Str7410 with meropenem trihydrate (MEPM) significantly improved the susceptibility of mixed-species-biofilm cells to the antibiotic. In vivo, Str7410 significantly increased the survival rate of wild-type Caenorhabditis elegans N2 co-infected by P. aeruginosa PAO1 and S. aureus ATCC 25923. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that Str7410 reduced virulence factor (pyocyanin and elastase) production and swarming motility of P. aeruginosa PAO1 by downregulating the expression of QS-related genes in strain PAO1 in co-culture with S. aureus ATCC 25923. Compound Str7410 is a candidate agent for treating drug-resistant multispecies infections. The work described here provides a strategy for discovering novel antibacterial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yijie Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Yuan
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,No. 971 Hospital of People's Liberation Army Navy, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuandong Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meihua Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rui Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junhai Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Strategic Drugs, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, The Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Strain-specific interspecies interactions between co-isolated pairs of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with tracheobronchitis or bronchial colonization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3374. [PMID: 35233050 PMCID: PMC8888623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual species interactions in co-isolated pairs of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from patients with tracheobronchitis or bronchial colonization were examined. The genetic and phenotypic diversity between the isolates was high making the interactions detected strain-specific. Despite this, and the clinical origin of the strains, some interactions were common between some co-isolated pairs. For most pairs, P. aeruginosa exoproducts affected biofilm formation and reduced growth in vitro in its S. aureus counterpart. Conversely, S. aureus did not impair biofilm formation and stimulated swarming motility in P. aeruginosa. Co-culture in a medium that mimics respiratory mucus promoted coexistence and favored mixed microcolony formation within biofilms. Under these conditions, key genes controlled by quorum sensing were differentially regulated in both species in an isolate-dependent manner. Finally, co-infection in the acute infection model in Galleria mellonella larvae showed an additive effect only in the co-isolated pair in which P. aeruginosa affected less S. aureus growth. This work contributes to understanding the complex interspecies interactions between P. aeruginosa and S. aureus by studying strains isolated during acute infection.
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Dantas T, Padrão J, da Silva MR, Pinto P, Madeira S, Vaz P, Zille A, Silva F. Bacteria co-culture adhesion on different texturized zirconia surfaces. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 123:104786. [PMID: 34428693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Zirconia is becoming reckoned as a promising solution for different applications, in particular those within the dental implant investigation field. It has been proved to successfully overcome important limitations of the commonly used titanium implants. The adhesion of microorganisms to the implants, in particular of bacteria, may govern the success or the failure of a dental implant, as the accumulation of bacteria on the peri-implant bone may rapidly evolve into periodontitis. However, bacterial adhesion on different zirconia architectures is still considerably unknown. Therefore, the adhesion of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to zirconia surfaces with different finishings was evaluated and compared to a titanium surface. The adhesion interaction between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa was also evaluated using a co-culture since these bacteria are infamous due to their common presence in chronic wound infections. Results showed that different bacterium species possess different properties which influence their propensity to adhere to different roughness levels and architectures. E. coli revealed a higher propensity to adhere to zirconia channelled surfaces (7.15 × 106 CFU/mL), whereas S. aureus and P. aeruginosa adhered more to the titanium control group (1.07 × 105 CFU/mL and 8.43 × 106 CFU/mL, respectively). Moreover, the co-culture denoted significant differences on the adhesion behaviour of bacteria. Despite not having shown an especially better behaviour regarding bacterial adhesion, zirconia surfaces with micro-channels are expected to improve the vascularization around the implants and ultimately enhance osseointegration, thus being a promising solution for dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Telma Dantas
- CMEMS - Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, Portugal; MIT Portugal Program - School of Engineering, University of Minho, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Padrão
- 2C2T-Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | | | - Paulo Pinto
- CMEMS - Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Sara Madeira
- CMEMS - Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - Paula Vaz
- Fixed Prosthodontics, Genetics- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Andrea Zille
- 2C2T-Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe Silva
- CMEMS - Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems, University of Minho, Portugal
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Sandri A, Haagensen JAJ, Veschetti L, Johansen HK, Molin S, Malerba G, Signoretto C, Boaretti M, Lleo MM. Adaptive Interactions of Achromobacter spp. with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis Chronic Lung Co-Infection. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10080978. [PMID: 34451442 PMCID: PMC8400197 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), the main pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often co-isolated with other microbes, likely engaging in inter-species interactions. In the case of chronic co-infections, this cohabitation can last for a long time and evolve over time, potentially contributing to the clinical outcome. Interactions involving the emerging pathogens Achromobacter spp. have only rarely been studied, reporting inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation. To evaluate the possible evolution of such interplay, we assessed the ability of Achromobacter spp. isolates to affect the biofilm formation of co-isolated P. aeruginosa strains during long-term chronic co-infections. We observed both competition and cohabitation. An Achromobacter sp. isolate secreted exoproducts interfering with the adhesion ability of a co-isolated P. aeruginosa strain and affected its biofilm formation. Conversely, a clonal Achromobacter sp. strain later isolated from the same patient, as well as two longitudinal strains from another patient, did not show similar competitive behavior against its P. aeruginosa co-isolates. Genetic variants supporting the higher virulence of the competitive Achromobacter sp. isolate were found in its genome. Our results confirm that both inter-species competition and cohabitation are represented during chronic co-infections in CF airways, and evolution of these interplays can happen even at the late stages of chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Sandri
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Microbiology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.S.); (C.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Janus Anders Juul Haagensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; (J.A.J.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Laura Veschetti
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Helle Krogh Johansen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Molin
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; (J.A.J.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Laboratory of Computational Genomics, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (L.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Caterina Signoretto
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Microbiology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.S.); (C.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Marzia Boaretti
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Microbiology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.S.); (C.S.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria M. Lleo
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Microbiology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (A.S.); (C.S.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-045-802-7194
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11
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Kapoore RV, Padmaperuma G, Maneein S, Vaidyanathan S. Co-culturing microbial consortia: approaches for applications in biomanufacturing and bioprocessing. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:46-72. [PMID: 33980092 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1921691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The application of microbial co-cultures is now recognized in the fields of biotechnology, ecology, and medicine. Understanding the biological interactions that govern the association of microorganisms would shape the way in which artificial/synthetic co-cultures or consortia are developed. The ability to accurately predict and control cell-to-cell interactions fully would be a significant enabler in synthetic biology. Co-culturing method development holds the key to strategically engineer environments in which the co-cultured microorganism can be monitored. Various approaches have been employed which aim to emulate the natural environment and gain access to the untapped natural resources emerging from cross-talk between partners. Amongst these methods are the use of a communal liquid medium for growth, use of a solid-liquid interface, membrane separation, spatial separation, and use of microfluidics systems. Maximizing the information content of interactions monitored is one of the major challenges that needs to be addressed by these designs. This review critically evaluates the significance and drawbacks of the co-culturing approaches used to this day in biotechnological applications, relevant to biomanufacturing. It is recommended that experimental results for a co-cultured species should be validated with different co-culture approaches due to variations in interactions that could exist as a result of the culturing method selected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Vijay Kapoore
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Biosciences, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Gloria Padmaperuma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Supattra Maneein
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Department of Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Environmental Sciences, The University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
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12
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Dehbashi S, Alikhani MY, Tahmasebi H, Arabestani MR. The inhibitory effects of Staphylococcus aureus on the antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A549 cell line model. AMB Express 2021; 11:50. [PMID: 33786713 PMCID: PMC8010066 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01210-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus often lead to serious lung infections. This study aimed to investigate the role of S. aureus in the expression of the β-lactamase enzymes and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa in the polymicrobial infections of the respiratory tract. Biofilm and planktonic co-culture of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were performed in the A549 cell line. Then, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of P. aeruginosa were examined, and the expression of lasR, lasI, algD, mexR, and KPC genes were determined using qPCR. S.aureus decreased β-lactam resistance but increased resistance to tobramycin in the biofilm condition. Furthermore, S.aureus showed a positive effect on reducing resistance to meropenem, doripenem, and tobramycin (except PA-2). Altough it was demonstrated that S.aureus reduced the viability of P. aeruginosa, particularly in the biofilm state, the pathogenicity of the recovered strains of P.aeruginosa increased. Moreover, the gene expression levels for lasR/I and algD were increased in biofilm conditions. The levels of lasI were more prominent in the virulent strain than the β-lactamase producing strain. Furthermore, the expression of KPC was increased in all strains of P. aeruginosa. According to the findings of this study, S. aureus has an inhibitory effect in polymicrobial infections by suppressing the β-lactamase genes and viability of P. aeruginosa. Also, it cooperates with the biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa strains to increase pathogenicity and resistance to tobramycin.
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13
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Booth SC, Rice SA. Influence of interspecies interactions on the spatial organization of dual species bacterial communities. Biofilm 2021; 2:100035. [PMID: 33447820 PMCID: PMC7798468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Interspecies interactions in bacterial biofilms have important impacts on the composition and function of communities in natural and engineered systems. To investigate these interactions, synthetic communities provide experimentally tractable systems. Biofilms grown on agar-surfaces have been used for investigating the eco-evolutionary and biophysical forces that determine community composition and spatial distribution of bacteria. Prior studies have used genetically identical bacterial strains and strains with specific mutations, that express different fluorescent proteins, to investigate intraspecies interactions. Here, we investigated interspecies interactions and, specifically, determined the community composition and spatial distribution in synthetic communities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas protegens and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Using quantitative microscopic imaging, we found that interspecies interactions in multispecies colonies were influenced by type IV pilus mediated motility, extracellular matrix secretion, environmental parameters, and these effects were also influenced by the specific partner in the dual species combinations. These results indicate that the patterns observable in mixed species colonies can be used to understand the mechanisms that drive interspecies interactions, which are dependent on the interplay between specific species’ physiology and environmental conditions. Spatial patterns in bacterial colonies are species and interaction dependent. Surface motility and extracellar matrix production affect interspecies interactions. Agar surface colonies show how bacteria interact in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean C Booth
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore
| | - Scott A Rice
- The Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Singapore.,The School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,The Ithree Institute, The University of Technology Sydney, Australia
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14
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Yong YY, Ong MWK, Dykes G, Choo WS. Betacyanin-inhibited biofilm formation of co-culture of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa on different polymer surfaces. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2020; 368:6041720. [PMID: 33338235 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnaa214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are bacteria that cause biofilm-associated infections. The aim of this study was to determine the activity of combined betacyanin fractions from Amaranthus dubius (red spinach) and Hylocereus polyrhizus (red pitahaya) against biofilms formed by co-culture of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa on different polymer surfaces. Various formulations containing different concentrations of the betacyanin fractions were investigated for biofilm-inhibiting activity on polystyrene surfaces using crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy. A combination of each betacyanin fraction (0.625 mg mL-1) reduced biofilm formation of five S. aureus strains and four P. aeruginosa strains from optical density values of 1.24-3.84 and 1.25-3.52 to 0.81-2.63 and 0.80-1.71, respectively. These combined fractions also significantly inhibited dual-species biofilms by 2.30 and reduced 1.0-1.3 log CFU cm-2 bacterial attachment on polymer surfaces such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene and silicone rubber. This study demonstrated an increase in biofilm-inhibiting activity against biofilms formed by two species using combined fractions than that by using single fractions. Betacyanins found in different plants could collectively be used to potentially decrease the risk of biofilm-associated infections caused by these bacteria on hydrophobic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yi Yong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Michelle Wei Kim Ong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Gary Dykes
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, 6102, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Abstract
In this issue of Journal of Bacteriology, Price et al. show that the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-produced exopolysaccharide alginate protects Staphylococcus aureus by dampening the expression of P. aeruginosa virulence products that usually inhibit S. aureus respiration and cell membrane integrity when the two organisms compete in other environments (C. E. Price, D. G. Brown, D. H. Limoli, V. V. Phelan, and G. A. O'Toole, J Bacteriol 202:e00559-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00559-19). This is the first report that exogenously added alginate affects P. aeruginosa competition and provides a partial explanation for S. aureus and P. aeruginosa coinfections in cystic fibrosis.
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16
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Kassinger SJ, van Hoek ML. Biofilm architecture: An emerging synthetic biology target. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2020; 5:1-10. [PMID: 31956705 PMCID: PMC6961760 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biologists are exploiting biofilms as an effective mechanism for producing various outputs. Metabolic optimization has become commonplace as a method of maximizing system output. In addition to production pathways, the biofilm itself contributes to the efficacy of production. The purpose of this review is to highlight opportunities that might be leveraged to further enhance production in preexisting biofilm production systems. These opportunities may be used with previously established production systems as a method of improving system efficiency further. This may be accomplished through the reduction in the cost of establishing and maintaining biofilms, and maintenance of the enhancement of product yield per unit of time, per unit of area, or per unit of required input.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monique L. van Hoek
- George Mason University, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 10920 George Mason Circle, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
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17
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Jordana-Lluch E, Garcia V, Kingdon ADH, Singh N, Alexander C, Williams P, Hardie KR. A Simple Polymicrobial Biofilm Keratinocyte Colonization Model for Exploring Interactions Between Commensals, Pathogens and Antimicrobials. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:291. [PMID: 32161578 PMCID: PMC7054238 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin offers protection against external insults, with the skin microbiota playing a crucial defensive role against pathogens that gain access when the skin barrier is breached. Linkages between skin microbes, biofilms and disease have not been well established although single-species biofilm formation by skin microbiota in vitro has been extensively studied. Consequently, the purpose of this work was to optimize and validate a simple polymicrobial biofilm keratinocyte model for investigating commensal, pathogen and keratinocyte interactions and for evaluating therapeutic agents or health promoting interventions. The model incorporates the commensals (Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus) and pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) which form robust polymicrobial biofilms on immortalized keratinocytes (HaCat cells). We observed that the commensals reduce the damage caused to the keratinocyte monolayer by either pathogen. When the commensals were combined with P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, much thinner biofilms were observed than those formed by the pathogens alone. When P. aeruginosa was inoculated with S. epidermidis in the presence or absence of M. luteus, the commensals formed a layer between the keratinocytes and pathogen. Although S. aureus completely inhibited the growth of M. luteus in dual-species biofilms, inclusion of S. epidermidis in triple or quadruple species biofilms, enabled M. luteus to retain viability. Using this polymicrobial biofilm keratinocyte model, we demonstrate that a quorum sensing (QS) deficient S. aureus agr mutant, in contrast to the parent, failed to damage the keratinocyte monolayer unless supplied with the exogenous cognate autoinducing peptide. In addition, we show that treatment of the polymicrobial keratinocyte model with nanoparticles containing an inhibitor of the PQS QS system reduced biofilm thickness and P. aeruginosa localization in mono- and polymicrobial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Vanina Garcia
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D H Kingdon
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Nishant Singh
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kim R Hardie
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Kundukad B, Udayakumar G, Grela E, Kaur D, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S, Doyle PS. Weak acids as an alternative anti-microbial therapy. Biofilm 2020; 2:100019. [PMID: 33447805 PMCID: PMC7798471 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2020.100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Weak acids such as acetic acid and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) at pH less than their pKa can effectively eradicate biofilms due to their ability to penetrate the biofilm matrix and the cell membrane. However, the optimum conditions for their activity against drug resistant strains, and safety, need to be understood for their application to treat infections or to inactivate biofilms on hard surfaces. Here, we investigate the efficacy and optimum conditions at which weak acids can eradicate biofilms. We compared the efficacy of various mono and triprotic weak acids such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), acetic acid, formic acid and citric acid, in eradicating biofilms. We found that monoprotic weak acids/acid drugs can kill mucoid P. aeruginosa mucA biofilm bacteria provided the pH is less than their pKa, demonstrating that the extracellular biofilm matrix does not protect the bacteria from the activity of the weak acids. Triprotic acids, such as citric acid, kill biofilm bacteria at pH < pKa1. However, at a pH between pKa1 and pKa2, citric acid is effective in killing the bacteria at the core of biofilm microcolonies but does not kill the bacteria on the periphery. The efficacy of a monoprotic weak acid (NAC) and triprotic weak acid (citric acid) were tested on biofilms formed by Klebsiella pneumoniae KP1, Pseudomonas putida OUS82, Staphylococcus aureus 15981, P. aeruginosa DK1-NH57388A, a mucoid cystic fibrosis isolate and P. aeruginosa PA_D25, an antibiotic resistant strain. We showed that weak acids have a broad spectrum of activity against a wide range of bacteria, including antibiotic resistant bacteria. Further, we showed that a weak acid drug, NAC, can kill bacteria without being toxic to human cells, if its pH is maintained close to its pKa. Thus weak acids/weak acid drugs target antibiotic resistant bacteria and eradicate the persister cells in biofilms which are tolerant to other conventional methods of biofilm eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binu Kundukad
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore
| | - Gayathri Udayakumar
- School of Life and Physical Sciences, PSB academy, La Trobe University, Australia
| | - Erin Grela
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dhamanpreet Kaur
- Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott A Rice
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,The ithree Institute, The University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick S Doyle
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), Singapore.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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19
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Cendra MDM, Blanco-Cabra N, Pedraz L, Torrents E. Optimal environmental and culture conditions allow the in vitro coexistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in stable biofilms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16284. [PMID: 31705015 PMCID: PMC6841682 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coexistence between species that occurs in some infections remains hard to achieve in vitro since bacterial fitness differences eventually lead to a single organism dominating the mixed culture. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are major pathogens found growing together in biofilms in disease-affected lungs or wounds. Herein, we tested and analyzed different culture media, additives and environmental conditions to support P. aeruginosa and S. aureus coexistence in vitro. We have unraveled the potential of DMEM to support the growth of these two organisms in mature cocultured biofilms (three days old) in an environment that dampens the pH rise. Our conditions use equal initial inoculation ratios of both strains and allow the stable formation of separate S. aureus microcolonies that grow embedded in a P. aeruginosa biofilm, as well as S. aureus biofilm overgrowth when bovine serum albumin is added to the system. Remarkably, we also found that S. aureus survival is strictly dependent on a well-characterized phenomenon of oxygen stratification present in the coculture biofilm. An analysis of differential tolerance to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin treatment, depending on whether P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were growing in mono- or coculture biofilms, was used to validate our in vitro coculture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Cendra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Núria Blanco-Cabra
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucas Pedraz
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Torrents
- Bacterial Infections and Antimicrobial Therapies Group, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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20
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Bai F, Cai Z, Yang L. Recent progress in experimental and human disease-associated multi-species biofilms. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2019; 17:1234-1244. [PMID: 31921390 PMCID: PMC6944735 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human bodies are colonized by trillions of microorganisms, which are often referred to as human microbiota and play important roles in human health. Next generation sequencing studies have established links between the genetic content of human microbiota and various human diseases. However, it remains largely unknown about the spatial organizations and interspecies interactions of individual species within the human microbiota. Bacterial cells tend to form surface-attached biofilms in many natural environments, which enable intercellular communications and interactions in a microbial ecosystem. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses on the experimental and human disease-associated multi-species biofilm studies. We hypothesize that engineering biofilm structures and interspecies interactions might provide a tool for manipulating the composition and function of human microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhao Cai
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technology University, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The cystic fibrosis (CF) lung has long been appreciated as a competitive niche for complex interactions between bacterial species. The individual relationships between effects on the host, and thereafter clinical outcomes, has been poorly understood. We aim to describe the role of Staphyloccus aureus, one of the most commonly encountered bacteria cultured from the respiratory tracts of people with CF, and it's complex interplay with other organisms, with particular attention to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. RECENT FINDINGS We describe the challenges posed in understanding the role that S. aureus plays in the CF lung, including the difficulties in interpreting culture results depending upon sampling technique, relationships with P. aeruginosa and the rest of the microbiome, as well as discussing the relative merits and potential harms of antibiotic prophylaxis. Finally, we describe the particular challenge of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. SUMMARY We describe research underway that will address the long-held contentious issues of antibiotic prophylaxis. We also describe the emerging research interest in determining whether, at differences phases in the evolution of CF airways infection, S. aureus infection can have both harmful and protective effects for the host.
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22
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Xu Z, Xie J, Soteyome T, Peters BM, Shirtliff ME, Liu J, Harro JM. Polymicrobial interaction and biofilms between Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an underestimated concern in food safety. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Wijesinghe G, Dilhari A, Gayani B, Kottegoda N, Samaranayake L, Weerasekera M. Influence of Laboratory Culture Media on in vitro Growth, Adhesion, and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Med Princ Pract 2019; 28:28-35. [PMID: 30352435 PMCID: PMC6558334 DOI: 10.1159/000494757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus dual-species biofilm infections are notoriously difficult to manage. This study aimed at investigating the influence of four different culture media on the planktonic growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. MATERIALS AND METHODS We monitored four different culture media including Nutrient Broth, Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth, Luria-Bertani broth, and RPMI 1640 medium on the planktonic growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) using MTT assay and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The most robust growth of the mono- and dual-species cultures was noted in BHI broth. On the contrary, RPMI 1640 medium promoted maximal initial adhesion of both the mono- and dual-species, but BHI broth fostered the maximal biofilm growth. SEM images showed profuse extracellular polysaccharide production in biofilms, particularly in coculture, in BHI medium. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that BHI broth, relative to the other tested media, is the most conducive for in vitro evaluation of biofilm and planktonic growth kinetics of these two pathogens, both in mono- and coculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayan Wijesinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Ayomi Dilhari
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Buddhika Gayani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Nilwala Kottegoda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Center for Excellence in Nanotechnology, Nanoscience and Technology Park, Homagama, Sri Lanka
- Center for Advanced Materials Research, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Manjula Weerasekera
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka,
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24
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Matrix Polysaccharides and SiaD Diguanylate Cyclase Alter Community Structure and Competitiveness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during Dual-Species Biofilm Development with Staphylococcus aureus. mBio 2018; 9:mBio.00585-18. [PMID: 30401769 PMCID: PMC6222129 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00585-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria in natural and engineered environments form biofilms that include many different species. Microorganisms rely on a number of different strategies to manage social interactions with other species and to access resources, build biofilm consortia, and optimize growth. For example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are biofilm-forming bacteria that coinfect the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and diabetic and chronic wounds. P. aeruginosa is known to antagonize S. aureus growth. However, many of the factors responsible for mixed-species interactions and outcomes such as infections are poorly understood. Biofilm bacteria are encased in a self-produced extracellular matrix that facilitates interspecies behavior and biofilm development. In this study, we examined the poorly understood roles of the major matrix biopolymers and their regulators in mixed-species biofilm interactions and development. Mixed-species biofilms display a number of emergent properties, including enhanced antimicrobial tolerance and communal metabolism. These properties may depend on interspecies relationships and the structure of the biofilm. However, the contribution of specific matrix components to emergent properties of mixed-species biofilms remains poorly understood. Using a dual-species biofilm community formed by the opportunistic pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, we found that whilst neither Pel nor Psl polysaccharides, produced by P. aeruginosa, affect relative species abundance in mature P. aeruginosa and S. aureus biofilms, Psl production is associated with increased P. aeruginosa abundance and reduced S. aureus aggregation in the early stages of biofilm formation. Our data suggest that the competitive effect of Psl is not associated with its structural role in cross-linking the matrix and adhering to P. aeruginosa cells but is instead mediated through the activation of the diguanylate cyclase SiaD. This regulatory control was also found to be independent of the siderophore pyoverdine and Pseudomonas quinolone signal, which have previously been proposed to reduce S. aureus viability by inducing lactic acid fermentation-based growth. In contrast to the effect mediated by Psl, Pel reduced the effective crosslinking of the biofilm matrix and facilitated superdiffusivity in microcolony regions. These changes in matrix cross-linking enhance biofilm surface spreading and expansion of microcolonies in the later stages of biofilm development, improving overall dual-species biofilm growth and increasing biovolume severalfold. Thus, the biofilm matrix and regulators associated with matrix production play essential roles in mixed-species biofilm interactions.
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25
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Kviatkovski I, Mamane H, Lakretz A, Sherman I, Beno-Moualem D, Minz D. Resistance of a multiple-isolate marine culture to ultraviolet C irradiation: inactivation vs biofilm formation. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:278-284. [PMID: 29901218 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is an emerging strategy for controlling the formation of undesired biofilms in water desalination facilities using reverse osmosis (RO). However, most studies examining these pretreatments are limited as they have been conducted on single-species cultures, while biofilms are composed of multiple-species communities. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of UV-C irradiation on a model community composed of six environmental isolates from a marine biofilm formed in RO seawater desalination plant. There was a high variance in the susceptibility of the single-isolate cultures to UV-C, from no response (isolate Eryth23) to complete inactivation (isolate Vib3). The most active wavelength was around 260 nm, resulting in a loss of viability of single-isolate cultures and loss of vitality of the mixed-isolate cultures. With respect to biofilm formation, the activity of this wavelength was completely different compared to its activity on planktonic suspension. Irradiation with 260 nm did not inhibit the total biofilm formation by the six-isolate culture; moreover, isolates such as the resistant Eryth23 or the susceptible Pseudoalt17, even gained abundance in the mixed isolate biofilm. The only decrease in total biofilm was obtained from irradiation at 280 nm, which was less active against the planktonic culture. These results indicate that the complexity of the biofilm-forming microbial community may contribute to its resistance to UV-C irradiation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study examined the resistance of a multiple-isolate native marine culture to UV-C irradiation, in terms of viability, vitality and the ability to form biofilm. Results of this study showed that even though most of the cells were inactivated both in single-isolate and in multiple-isolate cultures, still the multiple-isolate cultures manages to form biofilms, surprisingly with higher biomass than without irradiation. The significance of the study is in its conclusion that studies on UV-C irradiation of biofilm-forming model micro-organisms are not always applicable to natural multiple-species communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kviatkovski
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.,Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - H Mamane
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center (TAU-WRC), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - A Lakretz
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center (TAU-WRC), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - I Sherman
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Water Research Center (TAU-WRC), Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Beno-Moualem
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - D Minz
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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26
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Magana M, Sereti C, Ioannidis A, Mitchell CA, Ball AR, Magiorkinis E, Chatzipanagiotou S, Hamblin MR, Hadjifrangiskou M, Tegos GP. Options and Limitations in Clinical Investigation of Bacterial Biofilms. Clin Microbiol Rev 2018; 31:e00084-16. [PMID: 29618576 PMCID: PMC6056845 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00084-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteria can form single- and multispecies biofilms exhibiting diverse features based upon the microbial composition of their community and microenvironment. The study of bacterial biofilm development has received great interest in the past 20 years and is motivated by the elegant complexity characteristic of these multicellular communities and their role in infectious diseases. Biofilms can thrive on virtually any surface and can be beneficial or detrimental based upon the community's interplay and the surface. Advances in the understanding of structural and functional variations and the roles that biofilms play in disease and host-pathogen interactions have been addressed through comprehensive literature searches. In this review article, a synopsis of the methodological landscape of biofilm analysis is provided, including an evaluation of the current trends in methodological research. We deem this worthwhile because a keyword-oriented bibliographical search reveals that less than 5% of the biofilm literature is devoted to methodology. In this report, we (i) summarize current methodologies for biofilm characterization, monitoring, and quantification; (ii) discuss advances in the discovery of effective imaging and sensing tools and modalities; (iii) provide an overview of tailored animal models that assess features of biofilm infections; and (iv) make recommendations defining the most appropriate methodological tools for clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magana
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Sereti
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Microbiology, Thriassio General Hospital, Attiki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Ioannidis
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Athens Medical School, Aeginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Human Movement and Quality of Life Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Sparta, Greece
| | - Courtney A Mitchell
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anthony R Ball
- Gliese 623b, Mendon, Massachusetts, USA
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Pepperell, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emmanouil Magiorkinis
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens-Goudi, Greece
| | | | - Michael R Hamblin
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Science and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - George P Tegos
- Gliese 623b, Mendon, Massachusetts, USA
- GAMA Therapeutics LLC, Pepperell, Massachusetts, USA
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27
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Kim MK, Kang HK, Ko SJ, Hong MJ, Bang JK, Seo CH, Park Y. Mechanisms driving the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of Hp1404 and its analogue peptides against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1763. [PMID: 29379033 PMCID: PMC5789083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hp1404, identified from the venom of the scorpion Heterometrus petersii, displays antimicrobial activity with cytotoxicity. Several synthetic peptides were designed based on the parent peptide Hp1404 to reduce cytotoxicity and improve activity (deletion of glycine and phenylalanine, substitution with leucine and lysine). The analogue peptides generated comprised 12 amino acids and displayed amphipathic α-helical structures, with higher hydrophobic moments and net positive charge than those of the Hp1404. The analogues showed less hemolytic and toxic effects toward mammalian cells than the Hp1404, especially Hp1404-T1e, which exhibited particularly potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) strains. The analogue peptide Hp1404-T1e was more stable against salt and trypsin than the Hp1404. Hp1404's mechanism of action involves binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thereby killing bacteria through membrane disruption. Hp1404-T1e kills bacteria more rapidly than Hp1404 and not only seems to bind more strongly to LPS but may also be able to enter bacterial cells and interact with their DNA. Additionally, Hp1404-T1e can effectively kill bacteria in vivo. The results of this study indicate that Hp1404-T1e not only displays antimicrobial activity, but is also functional in physiological conditions, confirming its potential use as an effective therapeutic agent against MRPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Kim
- Research Center for proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Ko
- Research Center for proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Hong
- Research Center for proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, South Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Research Center for proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Alves PM, Al-Badi E, Withycombe C, Jones PM, Purdy KJ, Maddocks SE. Interaction between Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is beneficial for colonisation and pathogenicity in a mixed biofilm. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:4803945. [DOI: 10.1093/femspd/fty003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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29
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Costa AM, Mergulhão FJ, Briandet R, Azevedo NF. It is all about location: how to pinpoint microorganisms and their functions in multispecies biofilms. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:987-999. [PMID: 28745517 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multispecies biofilms represent the dominant mode of life for the vast majority of microorganisms. Bacterial spatial localization in such biostructures governs ecological interactions between different populations and triggers the overall community functions. Here, we discuss the pros and cons of fluorescence-based techniques used to decipher bacterial species patterns in biofilms at single cell level, including fluorescence in situ hybridization and the use of genetically modified bacteria that express fluorescent proteins, reporting the significant improvements of those techniques. The development of tools for spatial and temporal study of multispecies biofilms will allow live imaging and spatial localization of cells in naturally occurring biofilms coupled with metabolic information, increasing insight of microbial community and the relation between its structure and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela M Costa
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,INEB - Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J Mergulhão
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Romain Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Tognon M, Köhler T, Gdaniec BG, Hao Y, Lam JS, Beaume M, Luscher A, Buckling A, van Delden C. Co-evolution with Staphylococcus aureus leads to lipopolysaccharide alterations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ISME JOURNAL 2017; 11:2233-2243. [PMID: 28548661 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2017.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Detrimental and beneficial interactions between co-colonizing bacteria may influence the course of infections. In cystic fibrosis (CF) airways, Staphylococcus aureus prevails in childhood, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa progressively predominates thereafter. While a range of interactions has been identified, it is unclear if these represent specific adaptations or correlated responses to other aspects of the environment. Here, we investigate how P. aeruginosa adapts to S. aureus by evolving P. aeruginosa in the presence and absence of S. aureus. P. aeruginosa populations that evolved for 150 generations were sequenced and compared to the ancestor strain. Mutations in the Wsp signaling system were identified in both treatments and likely occurred because of low oxygen availability. Despite showing increased killing activity, wsp mutants were less fit in the presence of S. aureus. In contrast, mutations in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis occurred exclusively in co-cultures with S. aureus and conferred a fitness gain in its presence. Moreover, they increased resistance towards beta-lactam antibiotics. Strikingly, both mutations in wsp and LPS genes are observed in clinical isolates from CF-patients. Our results suggest that P. aeruginosa LPS mutations are a direct consequence of S. aureus imposed selection in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Tognon
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Köhler
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Bartosz G Gdaniec
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Youai Hao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Joseph S Lam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Beaume
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Luscher
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
| | - Angus Buckling
- Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Christian van Delden
- Transplant Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland.,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland
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31
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Sanders D, Borys KD, Kisa F, Rakowski SA, Lozano M, Filutowicz M. Multiple Dictyostelid Species Destroy Biofilms of Klebsiella oxytoca and Other Gram Negative Species. Protist 2017; 168:311-325. [PMID: 28499132 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Dictyostelids are free-living phagocytes that feed on bacteria in diverse habitats. When bacterial prey is in short supply or depleted, they undergo multicellular development culminating in the formation of dormant spores. In this work, we tested isolates representing four dictyostelid species from two genera (Dictyostelium and Polysphondylium) for the potential to feed on biofilms preformed on glass and polycarbonate surfaces. The abilities of dictyostelids were monitored for three hallmarks of activity: 1) spore germination on biofilms, 2) predation on biofilm enmeshed bacteria by phagocytic cells and 3) characteristic stages of multicellular development (streaming and fructification). We found that all dictyostelid isolates tested could feed on biofilm enmeshed bacteria produced by human and plant pathogens: Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas syringae, Erwinia amylovora 1189 (biofilm former) and E. amylovora 1189 Δams (biofilm deficient mutant). However, when dictyostelids were fed planktonic E. amylovora Δams the bacterial cells exhibited an increased susceptibility to predation by one of the two dictyostelid strains they were tested against. Taken together, the qualitative and quantitative data presented here suggest that dictyostelids have preferences in bacterial prey which affects their efficiency of feeding on bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Sanders
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Katarzyna D Borys
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Fikrullah Kisa
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sheryl A Rakowski
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Marcela Lozano
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Marcin Filutowicz
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 1550 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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32
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Hotterbeekx A, Kumar-Singh S, Goossens H, Malhotra-Kumar S. In vivo and In vitro Interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:106. [PMID: 28421166 PMCID: PMC5376567 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of polymicrobial infections is increasingly being recognized especially in a biofilm context wherein multiple bacterial species—including both potential pathogens and members of the commensal flora—communicate, cooperate, and compete with each other. Two important bacterial pathogens that have developed a complex network of evasion, counter-inhibition, and subjugation in their battle for space and nutrients are Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Their strain- and environment-specific interactions, for instance in the cystic fibrosis lung or in wound infections, show severe competition that is generally linked to worse patient outcomes. For instance, the extracellular factors secreted by P. aeruginosa have been shown to subjugate S. aureus to persist as small colony variants (SCVs). On the other hand, data also exist where S. aureus inhibits biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa but also protects the pathogen by inhibiting its phagocytosis. Interestingly, such interspecies interactions differ between the planktonic and biofilm phenotype, with the extracellular matrix components of the latter likely being a key, and largely underexplored, influence. This review attempts to understand the complex relationship between P. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp., focusing on S. aureus, that not only is interesting from the bacterial evolution point of view, but also has important consequences for our understanding of the disease pathogenesis for better patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Hotterbeekx
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of AntwerpWilrijk, Belgium
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of AntwerpWilrijk, Belgium.,Molecular Pathology Group, Cell Biology and Histology, University of AntwerpWilrijk, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of AntwerpWilrijk, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of AntwerpWilrijk, Belgium
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33
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Limoli DH, Whitfield GB, Kitao T, Ivey ML, Davis MR, Grahl N, Hogan DA, Rahme LG, Howell PL, O'Toole GA, Goldberg JB. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Alginate Overproduction Promotes Coexistence with Staphylococcus aureus in a Model of Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Infection. mBio 2017; 8:e00186-17. [PMID: 28325763 PMCID: PMC5362032 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00186-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
While complex intra- and interspecies microbial community dynamics are apparent during chronic infections and likely alter patient health outcomes, our understanding of these interactions is currently limited. For example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are often found to coinfect the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), yet these organisms compete under laboratory conditions. Recent observations that coinfection correlates with decreased health outcomes necessitate we develop a greater understanding of these interbacterial interactions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that P. aeruginosa and/or S. aureus adopts phenotypes that allow coexistence during infection. We compared competitive interactions of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus isolates from mono- or coinfected CF patients employing in vitro coculture models. P. aeruginosa isolates from monoinfected patients were more competitive toward S. aureus than P. aeruginosa isolates from coinfected patients. We also observed that the least competitive P. aeruginosa isolates possessed a mucoid phenotype. Mucoidy occurs upon constitutive activation of the sigma factor AlgT/U, which regulates synthesis of the polysaccharide alginate and dozens of other secreted factors, including some previously described to kill S. aureus Here, we show that production of alginate in mucoid strains is sufficient to inhibit anti-S. aureus activity independent of activation of the AlgT regulon. Alginate reduces production of siderophores, 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinolone-N-oxide (HQNO), and rhamnolipids-each required for efficient killing of S. aureus These studies demonstrate alginate overproduction may be an important factor driving P. aeruginosa coinfection with S. aureusIMPORTANCE Numerous deep-sequencing studies have revealed the microbial communities present during respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are diverse, complex, and dynamic. We now face the challenge of determining the influence of these community dynamics on patient health outcomes and identifying candidate targets to modulate these interactions. We make progress toward this goal by determining that the polysaccharide alginate produced by mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa is sufficient to inhibit multiple secreted antimicrobial agents produced by this organism. Importantly, these secreted factors are required to outcompete S. aureus, when the microbes are grown in coculture; thus we propose a mechanism whereby mucoid P. aeruginosa can coexist with S. aureus Finally, the approach used here can serve as a platform to investigate the interactions among other CF pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique H Limoli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Tomoe Kitao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Melissa L Ivey
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael R Davis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nora Grahl
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Deborah A Hogan
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Laurence G Rahme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - P Lynne Howell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George A O'Toole
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Joanna B Goldberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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Gkana EN, Giaouris ED, Doulgeraki AI, Kathariou S, Nychas GJE. Biofilm formation by Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus on stainless steel under either mono- or dual-species multi-strain conditions and resistance of sessile communities to sub-lethal chemical disinfection. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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35
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Phalak P, Chen J, Carlson RP, Henson MA. Metabolic modeling of a chronic wound biofilm consortium predicts spatial partitioning of bacterial species. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:90. [PMID: 27604263 PMCID: PMC5015247 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0334-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic wounds are often colonized by consortia comprised of different bacterial species growing as biofilms on a complex mixture of wound exudate. Bacteria growing in biofilms exhibit phenotypes distinct from planktonic growth, often rendering the application of antibacterial compounds ineffective. Computational modeling represents a complementary tool to experimentation for generating fundamental knowledge and developing more effective treatment strategies for chronic wound biofilm consortia. Results We developed spatiotemporal models to investigate the multispecies metabolism of a biofilm consortium comprised of two common chronic wound isolates: the aerobe Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the facultative anaerobe Staphylococcus aureus. By combining genome-scale metabolic reconstructions with partial differential equations for metabolite diffusion, the models were able to provide both temporal and spatial predictions with genome-scale resolution. The models were used to analyze the metabolic differences between single species and two species biofilms and to demonstrate the tendency of the two bacteria to spatially partition in the multispecies biofilm as observed experimentally. Nutrient gradients imposed by supplying glucose at the bottom and oxygen at the top of the biofilm induced spatial partitioning of the two species, with S. aureus most concentrated in the anaerobic region and P. aeruginosa present only in the aerobic region. The two species system was predicted to support a maximum biofilm thickness much greater than P. aeruginosa alone but slightly less than S. aureus alone, suggesting an antagonistic metabolic effect of P. aeruginosa on S. aureus. When each species was allowed to enhance its growth through consumption of secreted metabolic byproducts assuming identical uptake kinetics, the competitiveness of P. aeruginosa was further reduced due primarily to the more efficient lactate metabolism of S. aureus. Lysis of S. aureus by a small molecule inhibitor secreted from P. aeruginosa and/or P. aeruginosa aerotaxis were predicted to substantially increase P. aeruginosa competitiveness in the aerobic region, consistent with in vitro experimental studies. Conclusions Our biofilm modeling approach allows the prediction of individual species metabolism and interspecies interactions in both time and space with genome-scale resolution. This study yielded new insights into the multispecies metabolism of a chronic wound biofilm, in particular metabolic factors that may lead to spatial partitioning of the two bacterial species. We believe that P. aeruginosa lysis of S. aureus combined with nutrient competition is a particularly relevant scenario for which model predictions could be tested experimentally. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-016-0334-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Phalak
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Way, Life Science Laboratories Building, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Way, Life Science Laboratories Building, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ross P Carlson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Michael A Henson
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 240 Thatcher Way, Life Science Laboratories Building, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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36
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Španěl P, Sovová K, Dryahina K, Doušová T, Dřevínek P, Smith D. Do linear logistic model analyses of volatile biomarkers in exhaled breath of cystic fibrosis patients reliably indicate
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
infection? J Breath Res 2016; 10:036013. [DOI: 10.1088/1752-7155/10/3/036013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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37
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Chew SC, Kundukad B, Teh WK, Doyle P, Yang L, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S. Mechanical signatures of microbial biofilms in micropillar-embedded growth chambers. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:5224-5232. [PMID: 27191395 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02755a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are surface-attached communities of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix and are essential for the cycling of organic matter in natural and engineered environments. They are also the leading cause of many infections, for example, those associated with chronic wounds and implanted medical devices. The extracellular matrix is a key biofilm component that determines its architecture and defines its physical properties. Herein, we used growth chambers embedded with micropillars to study the net mechanical forces (differential pressure) exerted during biofilm formation in situ. Pressure from the biofilm is transferred to the micropillars via the extracellular matrix, and reduction of major matrix components decreases the magnitude of micropillar deflections. The spatial arrangement of micropillar deflections caused by pressure differences in the different biofilm strains may potentially be used as mechanical signatures for biofilm characterization. Hence, we submit that micropillar-embedded growth chambers provide insights into the mechanical properties and dynamics of the biofilm and its matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Chew
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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38
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Sequential Treatment of Biofilms with Aztreonam and Tobramycin Is a Novel Strategy for Combating Pseudomonas aeruginosa Chronic Respiratory Infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2016; 60:2912-22. [PMID: 26926631 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00196-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional therapeutic strategies to control chronic colonization in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are based on the use of a single nebulized antibiotic. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy and dynamics of antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms under sequential therapy with inhaled aztreonam (ATM) and tobramycin (TOB). Laboratory strains PAO1, PAOMS (hypermutable), PAOMA (mucoid), and PAOMSA (mucoid and hypermutable) and two hypermutable CF strains, 146-HSE (Liverpool epidemic strain [LES-1]) and 1089-HSE (ST1089), were used. Biofilms were developed using the flow cell system. Mature biofilms were challenged with peak and 1/10-peak concentrations of ATM (700 mg/liter and 70 mg/liter), TOB (1,000 mg/liter and 100 mg/liter), and their alternations (ATM/TOB/ATM and TOB/ATM/TOB) for 2 (t = 2), 4 (t = 4), and 6 days (t = 6). The numbers of viable cells (CFU) and resistant mutants were determined. Biofilm structural dynamics were monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy and processed with COMSTAT and IMARIS software programs. TOB monotherapy produced an intense decrease in CFU that was not always correlated with a reduction in biomass and/or a bactericidal effect on biofilms, particularly for the CF strains. The ATM monotherapy bactericidal effect was lower, but effects on biofilm biomass and/or structure, including intense filamentation, were documented. The alternation of TOB and ATM led to an enhancement of the antibiofilm activity against laboratory and CF strains compared to that with the individual regimens, potentiating the bactericidal effect and/or the reduction in biomass, particularly at peak concentrations. Resistant mutants were not documented in any of the regimens at the peak concentrations and only anecdotally at the 1/10-peak concentrations. These results support the clinical evaluation of sequential regimens with inhaled antibiotics in CF, as opposed to the current maintenance treatments with just one antibiotic in monotherapy.
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Wang Z, Xiang Q, Yang T, Li L, Yang J, Li H, He Y, Zhang Y, Lu Q, Yu J. Autoinducer-2 of Streptococcus mitis as a Target Molecule to Inhibit Pathogenic Multi-Species Biofilm Formation In Vitro and in an Endotracheal Intubation Rat Model. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:88. [PMID: 26903968 PMCID: PMC4744849 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mitis (S. mitis) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) are typically found in the upper respiratory tract of infants. We previously found that P. aeruginosa and S. mitis were two of the most common bacteria in biofilms on newborns' endotracheal tubes (ETTs) and in their sputa and that S. mitis was able to produce autoinducer-2 (AI-2), whereas P. aeruginosa was not. Recently, we also found that exogenous AI-2 and S. mitis could influence the behaviors of P. aeruginosa. We hypothesized that S. mitis contributes to this interspecies interaction and that inhibition of AI-2 could result in inhibition of these effects. To test this hypothesis, we selected PAO1 as a representative model strain of P. aeruginosa and evaluated the effect of S. mitis as well as an AI-2 analog (D-ribose) on mono- and co-culture biofilms in both in vitro and in vivo models. In this context, S. mitis promoted PAO1 biofilm formation and pathogenicity. Dual-species (PAO1 and S. mitis) biofilms exhibited higher expression of quorum sensing genes than single-species (PAO1) biofilms did. Additionally, ETTs covered in dual-species biofilms increased the mortality rate and aggravated lung infection compared with ETTs covered in mono-species biofilms in an endotracheal intubation rat model, all of which was inhibited by D-ribose. Our results demonstrated that S. mitis AI-2 plays an important role in interspecies interactions with PAO1 and may be a target for inhibition of biofilm formation and infection in ventilator-associated pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengli Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders - Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics - China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChongqing, China
| | - Qingqing Xiang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders - Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics - China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChongqing, China
| | - Ting Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders - Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics - China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders Chongqing, China
| | - Luquan Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders - Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics - China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChongqing, China
| | - Jingli Yang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders - Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics - China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChongqing, China
| | - Hongong Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders - Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics - China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChongqing, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders - Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics - China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChongqing, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders - Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics - China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChongqing, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders - Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics - China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChongqing, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders - Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics - China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical DisordersChongqing, China
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Nastro RA, Arguelles-Arias A, Ongena M, Di Costanzo A, Trifuoggi M, Guida M, Fickers P. Antimicrobial Activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ANT1 Toward Pathogenic Bacteria and Mold: Effects on Biofilm Formation. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2016; 5:252-8. [PMID: 26783071 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-013-9143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The intensive use and misuse of antibiotics over the last decades have generated a strong selective pressure for the emergence of multi-resistant strains and nosocomial infections. Biofilm has been demonstrated as a key parameter in spreading infections, especially in hospitals and healthcare units. Therefore, the development of novel anti-biofilm drugs is actually of the upmost importance. Here, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities toward pathogenic microorganisms of a set of non-ribosomal synthesized peptides and polyketides isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ANT1 culture supernatant are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Anna Nastro
- Department of Sciences for the Environment, University Parthenope of Naples, Centro Direzionale Isola C4, 80143, Naples, Italy.
| | - Anthony Arguelles-Arias
- Centre d'Ingenierie des Proteines, Bacterial Physiology and Genetics, Allée de la chimie, Université de Liège, Bat. B6, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marc Ongena
- Unité de Bio-Industrie, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Passage des Déportés, 5030, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Amelia Di Costanzo
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Via Cinthia 5, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University Federico II of Naples, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Ed.4, Via Cinthia 5, 80126, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, Ed.7, Via Cinthia 5, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Patrick Fickers
- Unité de Biotechnologies et Bioprocédés, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Av F.-D. Roosevelt, 50, CP165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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Abstract
Microbial communities are spatially organized in both the environment and the human body. Although patterns exhibited by these communities are described by microbial biogeography, this discipline has previously only considered large-scale, global patterns. By contrast, the fine-scale positioning of a pathogen within an infection site can greatly alter its virulence potential. In this Review, we highlight the importance of considering spatial positioning in the study of polymicrobial infections and discuss targeting biogeography as a therapeutic strategy.
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Magalhães AP, Azevedo NF, Pereira MO, Lopes SP. The cystic fibrosis microbiome in an ecological perspective and its impact in antibiotic therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1163-1181. [PMID: 26637419 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The recent focus on the cystic fibrosis (CF) complex microbiome has led to the recognition that the microbes can interact between them and with the host immune system, affecting the disease progression and treatment routes. Although the main focus remains on the interactions between traditional pathogens, growing evidence supports the contribution and the role of emergent species. Understanding the mechanisms and the biological effects involved in polymicrobial interactions may be the key to improve effective therapies and also to define new strategies for disease control. This review focuses on the interactions between microbe-microbe and host-microbe, from an ecological point of view, discussing their impact on CF disease progression. There are increasing indications that these interactions impact the success of antimicrobial therapy. Consequently, a new approach where therapy is personalized to patients by taking into account their individual CF microbiome is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia P Magalhães
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- LEPABE-Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria O Pereira
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Susana P Lopes
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
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Chew SC, Rice SA, Kjelleberg S, Yang L. In Situ Mapping of the Mechanical Properties of Biofilms by Particle-tracking Microrheology. J Vis Exp 2015:e53093. [PMID: 26709625 PMCID: PMC4692780 DOI: 10.3791/53093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cells are able to form surface-attached biofilm communities known as biofilms by encasing themselves in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). The EPS serves as a physical and protective scaffold that houses the bacterial cells and consists of a variety of materials that includes proteins, exopolysaccharides and DNA. The composition of the EPS may change, which remodels the mechanic properties of the biofilm to further develop or support alternative biofilm structures, such as streamers, as a response to environmental cues. Despite this, there are little quantitative descriptions on how EPS components contribute to the mechanical properties and function of biofilms. Rheology, the study of the flow of matter, is of particular relevance to biofilms as many biofilms grow in flow conditions and are constantly exposed to shear stress. It also provides measurement and insight on the spreading of the biofilm on a surface. Here, particle-tracking microrheology is used to examine the viscoelasticity and effective crosslinking roles of different matrix components in various parts of the biofilm during development. This approach allows researchers to measure mechanic properties of biofilms at the micro-scale, which might provide useful information for controlling and engineering biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su C Chew
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University; Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Scott A Rice
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University; Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, University of New South Wales; School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences Sciences, University of New South Wales
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University;
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44
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Giaouris E, Heir E, Desvaux M, Hébraud M, Møretrø T, Langsrud S, Doulgeraki A, Nychas GJ, Kačániová M, Czaczyk K, Ölmez H, Simões M. Intra- and inter-species interactions within biofilms of important foodborne bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:841. [PMID: 26347727 PMCID: PMC4542319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A community-based sessile life style is the normal mode of growth and survival for many bacterial species. Under such conditions, cell-to-cell interactions are inevitable and ultimately lead to the establishment of dense, complex and highly structured biofilm populations encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular matrix and capable of coordinated and collective behavior. Remarkably, in food processing environments, a variety of different bacteria may attach to surfaces, survive, grow, and form biofilms. Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are important bacterial pathogens commonly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne diseases, while all are known to be able to create biofilms on both abiotic and biotic surfaces. Particularly challenging is the attempt to understand the complexity of inter-bacterial interactions that can be encountered in such unwanted consortia, such as competitive and cooperative ones, together with their impact on the final outcome of these communities (e.g., maturation, physiology, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, dispersal). In this review, up-to-date data on both the intra- and inter-species interactions encountered in biofilms of these pathogens are presented. A better understanding of these interactions, both at molecular and biophysical levels, could lead to novel intervention strategies for controlling pathogenic biofilm formation in food processing environments and thus improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos Island, Greece
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hülya Ölmez
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Manuel Simões
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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45
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Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas for bacterial biofilm prevention and eradication. Biointerphases 2015; 10:029404. [PMID: 25869456 DOI: 10.1116/1.4914382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are three-dimensional structures formed by surface-attached microorganisms and their extracellular products. Biofilms formed by pathogenic microorganisms play an important role in human diseases. Higher resistance to antimicrobial agents and changes in microbial physiology make treating biofilm infections very complex. Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas (NTPs) are a novel and powerful tool for antimicrobial treatment. The microbicidal activity of NTPs has an unspecific character due to the synergetic actions of bioactive components of the plasma torch, including charged particles, reactive species, and UV radiation. This review focuses on specific traits of biofilms, their role in human diseases, and those effects of NTP that are helpful for treating biofilm infections. The authors discuss NTP-based strategies for biofilm control, such as surface modifications to prevent bacterial adhesion, killing bacteria in biofilms, and biofilm destruction with NTPs. The unspecific character of microbicidal activity, proven polymer modification and destruction abilities, low toxicity for human tissues and absence of long-living toxic compounds make NTPs a very promising tool for biofilm prevention and control.
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46
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Chen Y, Yuan M, Mohanty A, Yam JKH, Liu Y, Chua SL, Nielsen TE, Tolker-Nielsen T, Givskov M, Cao B, Yang L. Multiple diguanylate cyclase-coordinated regulation of pyoverdine synthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015; 7:498-507. [PMID: 25683454 DOI: 10.1111/1758-2229.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide signalling molecule bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) plays an essential role in regulating microbial virulence and biofilm formation. C-di-GMP is synthesized by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) enzymes and degraded by phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. One intrinsic feature of c-di-GMP signalling is the abundance of DGCs and PDEs encoded by many bacterial species. It is unclear whether the different DGCs or PDEs coordinately establish the c-di-GMP regulation or function independently of each other. Here, we provide evidence that multiple DGCs are involved in regulation of c-di-GMP on synthesis of the major iron siderophore pyoverdine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Constitutive expression of the WspG or YedQ DGC in P. aeruginosa is able to induce its pyoverdine synthesis. Induction of pyoverdine synthesis by high intracellular c-di-GMP depends on the synthesis of exopolysaccharides and another two DGCs, SiaD and SadC. SiaD was found to boost the c-di-GMP synthesis together with constitutively expressing YedQ. The exopolysaccharides and the SiaD DGC were found to modulate the expression of the RsmY/RsmZ ncRNAs. Induction of the RsmY/RsmZ ncRNAs might enhance the pyoverdine synthesis through SadC. Our study sheds light on a novel multiple DGC-coordinated c-di-GMP regulatory mechanism of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicai Chen
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 637551, Singapore
| | - Mingjun Yuan
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 637551, Singapore
| | - Anee Mohanty
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 639798, Singapore
| | - Joey Kuok Hoong Yam
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 637551, Singapore
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 637551, Singapore
| | - Yang Liu
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 637551, Singapore
| | - Song Lin Chua
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 637551, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Nanyang, 117543, Singapore
| | - Thomas E Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, DK-2800, Denmark
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, København N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael Givskov
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 637551, Singapore
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, København N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Bin Cao
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 637551, Singapore
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liang Yang
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 637551, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, 639798, Singapore
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47
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Kumar A, Ting YP. Presence ofPseudomonas aeruginosainfluences biofilm formation and surface protein expression ofStaphylococcus aureus. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:4459-68. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
| | - Yen Peng Ting
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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48
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Chua SL, Sivakumar K, Rybtke M, Yuan M, Andersen JB, Nielsen TE, Givskov M, Tolker-Nielsen T, Cao B, Kjelleberg S, Yang L. C-di-GMP regulates Pseudomonas aeruginosa stress response to tellurite during both planktonic and biofilm modes of growth. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10052. [PMID: 25992876 PMCID: PMC4438720 DOI: 10.1038/srep10052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress response plays an important role on microbial adaptation under hostile environmental conditions. It is generally unclear how the signaling transduction pathway mediates a stress response in planktonic and biofilm modes of microbial communities simultaneously. Here, we showed that metalloid tellurite (TeO3(2-)) exposure induced the intracellular content of the secondary messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Two diguanylate cyclases (DGCs), SadC and SiaD, were responsible for the increased intracellular content of c-di-GMP. Enhanced c-di-GMP levels by TeO3(2-) further increased P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and resistance to TeO3(2-). P. aeruginosa ΔsadCΔsiaD and PAO1/p(lac)-yhjH mutants with low intracellular c-di-GMP content were more sensitive to TeO3(2-) exposure and had low relative fitness compared to the wild-type PAO1 planktonic and biofilm cultures exposed to TeO3(2-). Our study provided evidence that c-di-GMP level can play an important role in mediating stress response in microbial communities during both planktonic and biofilm modes of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Lin Chua
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Krishnakumar Sivakumar
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Morten Rybtke
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Mingjun Yuan
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Jens Bo Andersen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Nielsen
- Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Michael Givskov
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Tim Tolker-Nielsen
- Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark
| | - Bin Cao
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Staffan Kjelleberg
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] Center for Marine Bio-Innovation and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Liang Yang
- 1] Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551 [2] School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
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49
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Coculture of Staphylococcus aureus with Pseudomonas aeruginosa Drives S. aureus towards Fermentative Metabolism and Reduced Viability in a Cystic Fibrosis Model. J Bacteriol 2015; 197:2252-64. [PMID: 25917910 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00059-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED The airways of patients with cystic fibrosis are colonized with diverse bacterial communities that change dynamically during pediatric years and early adulthood. Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent pathogen during early childhood, but during late teens and early adulthood, a shift in microbial composition occurs leading to Pseudomonas aeruginosa community predominance in ∼50% of adults. We developed a robust dual-bacterial in vitro coculture system of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus on monolayers of human bronchial epithelial cells homozygous for the ΔF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation to better model the mechanisms of this interaction. We show that P. aeruginosa drives the S. aureus expression profile from that of aerobic respiration to fermentation. This shift is dependent on the production of both 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO) and siderophores by P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, S. aureus-produced lactate is a carbon source that P. aeruginosa preferentially consumes over medium-supplied glucose. We find that initially S. aureus and P. aeruginosa coexist; however, over extended coculture P. aeruginosa reduces S. aureus viability, also in an HQNO- and P. aeruginosa siderophore-dependent manner. Interestingly, S. aureus small-colony-variant (SCV) genetic mutant strains, which have defects in their electron transport chain, experience reduced killing by P. aeruginosa compared to their wild-type parent strains; thus, SCVs may provide a mechanism for persistence of S. aureus in the presence of P. aeruginosa. We propose that the mechanism of P. aeruginosa-mediated killing of S. aureus is multifactorial, requiring HQNO and P. aeruginosa siderophores as well as additional genetic, environmental, and nutritional factors. IMPORTANCE In individuals with cystic fibrosis, Staphylococcus aureus is the primary respiratory pathogen during childhood. During adulthood, Pseudomonas aeruginosa predominates and correlates with worse patient outcome. The mechanism(s) by which P. aeruginosa outcompetes or kills S. aureus is not well understood. We describe an in vitro dual-bacterial species coculture system on cystic fibrosis-derived airway cells, which models interactions relevant to patients with cystic fibrosis. Further, we show that molecules produced by P. aeruginosa additively induce a transition of S. aureus metabolism from aerobic respiration to fermentation and eventually lead to loss of S. aureus viability. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of P. aeruginosa community predominance can provide new therapeutic targets and approaches to impede this microbial community transition and subsequent patient worsening.
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50
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Dean SN, Walsh C, Goodman H, van Hoek ML. Analysis of mixed biofilm (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. BIOFOULING 2015; 31:151-161. [PMID: 25672229 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2015.1011067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus are ubiquitous pathogens often found together in polymicrobial, biofilm-associated infections. This study is the first to use laser ablation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LAESI-MS) to rapidly study bacteria within a mixed biofilm. Fast, direct, non-invasive LAESI-MS analysis of biofilm could significantly accelerate biofilm studies and provide previously unavailable information on both biofilm composition and the effects of antibiofilm treatment. LAESI-MS was applied directly to a polymicrobial biofilm and analyzed with respect to whether P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were co-localized or self-segregated within the mixed biofilm. LAESI-MS was also used to analyze ions following LL-37 antimicrobial peptide treatment of the biofilm. This ambient ionization method holds promise for future biofilm studies. The use of this innovative technique has profound implications for the study of biofilms, as LAESI-MS eliminates the need for lengthy and disruptive sample preparation while permitting rapid analysis of unfixed and wet biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott N Dean
- a School of Systems Biology and National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases , George Mason University , Manassas , VA , USA
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