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Cergole-Novella MC, Enne VI, Pignatari ACC, Carvalho E, Guth BEC. Acquisition of plasmids from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains had low or neutral fitness cost on commensal E. coli. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1297-1304. [PMID: 38396221 PMCID: PMC11153473 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it has been hypothesized that the acquisition of plasmids-especially those bearing virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes-increases the energetic burden and reduces the fitness of a bacterium in general, some results have challenged this view, showing little or no effect on fitness after plasmid acquisition, which may lead to change in the view that there are evolutionary barriers for a wide spread of such plasmids among bacteria. Here, to evaluate the fitness impact of plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, plasmids from O26:H11, O111:H8, and O118:H16 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) human and bovine isolates were transferred to the non-virulent E. coli HS and K-12 MG1655 strains. Sequencing and PCR were used to characterize plasmids, and to identify the presence of antimicrobial resistance and/or virulence genes. The fitness impact of plasmids encoding virulence and antimicrobial resistance upon bacterial hosts was determined by pairwise growth competition. Plasmid profile analysis showed that STEC strains carried one or more high and low molecular weight plasmids belonging to the B/O, F, I, K, P, Q, and/or X incompatibility groups encoding virulence genes (SPATE-encoding genes) and/or antimicrobial resistance genes (aadA1, strAB, tetA, and/or tetB). Competition experiments demonstrated that the biological cost of carriage of these plasmids by the commensal E. coli strain HS or the laboratory strain E. coli K-12 MG1655 was low or non-existent, ranging from - 4.7 to 5.2% per generation. This suggests that there are few biological barriers-or, alternatively, it suggests that there are biological barriers that we were not able to measure in this competition model-against the spread of plasmid encoding virulence and resistance genes from STEC to other, less pathogenic E. coli strains. Thus, our results, in opposition to a common view, suggest that the acquisition of plasmids does not significantly affect the bacteria fitness and, therefore, the theorized plasmid burden would not be a significant barrier for plasmid spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Cergole-Novella
- Laboratorio Regional de Santo Andre, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
- Department of Microbiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Immunology, Parasitology, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Virve Irene Enne
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Eneas Carvalho
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Ernestina Cabilio Guth
- Department of Microbiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Immunology, Parasitology, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Elsayed MSAE, Eldsouky SM, Roshdy T, Bayoume AMA, Nasr GM, Salama ASA, Akl BA, Hasan AS, Shahat AK, Khashaba RA, Abdelhalim WA, Nasr HE, Mohammed LA, Salah A. Genetic and antimicrobial resistance profiles of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from different sources in Egypt. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:257. [PMID: 34556033 PMCID: PMC8461963 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02308-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) represented a great risk to public health. In this study, 60 STEC strains recovered from broiler and duck fecal samples, cow's milk, cattle beef, human urine, and ear discharge were screened for 12 virulence genes, phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). RESULTS The majority of strains harbored Shiga toxin 1 (stx1) and stx1d, stx2 and stx2e, and ehxA genes, while a minority harbored stx2c subtype and eaeA. We identified 10 stx gene combinations; most of strains 31/60 (51.7%) exhibited four copies of stx genes, namely the stx1, stx1d, stx2, and stx2e, and the strains exhibited a high range of multiple antimicrobial resistance indices. The resistance genes blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM were detected. For the oxytetracycline resistance genes, most of strains contained tetA, tetB, tetE, and tetG while the tetC was present at low frequency. MLVA genotyping resolved 26 unique genotypes; genotype 21 was highly prevalent. The six highly discriminatory loci DI = 0.9138 are suitable for the preliminary genotyping of STEC from animals and humans. CONCLUSIONS The STEC isolated from animals are virulent, resistant to antimicrobials, and genetically diverse, thus demands greater attention for the potential risk to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Sabry Abd Elraheam Elsayed
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology, and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Samah Mahmoud Eldsouky
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Tamer Roshdy
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Abeer Mohamed Ahmed Bayoume
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ghada M Nasr
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Ali S A Salama
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Behiry A Akl
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Al Shaimaa Hasan
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Qena Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Amany Kasem Shahat
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Rana Atef Khashaba
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Chemistry, Benha Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Hend E Nasr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Salah
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
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Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of E. coli non-O157 isolated from beef in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 51:1117-1123. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-01792-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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4
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Mir RA, Kudva IT. Antibiotic‐resistant Shiga toxin‐producing
Escherichia coli
: An overview of prevalence and intervention strategies. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 66:1-13. [DOI: 10.1111/zph.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raies A. Mir
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Ames Iowa
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) ARS Research Participation Program Oak Ridge Tennessee
| | - Indira T. Kudva
- Food Safety and Enteric Pathogens Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Ames Iowa
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5
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Begum J, Mir NA, Dev K, Khan IA. Dynamics of antibiotic resistance with special reference to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1228-1237. [PMID: 29957827 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics was paralleled by the evolution of antibiotic resistance which is probably the best example of contemporary evolution in action. The selection pressure, imposed by indiscriminate use of antibiotics, has changed the scale, mode and tempo of antibiotic resistance evolution. The presence of multidrug resistance, wide range of adaptability features and the infectivity make antibiotic resistance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) more dangerous. The characterization, prevalence and the virulence factors of STEC have been profusely reported, whereas, the antibiotic resistance has been largely ignored because the antibiotic use in STEC infections is controversial. Thus, the current review has focussed on the source, evolution, persistence, mechanism, dissemination and control of antibiotic resistance viz-a-viz the STEC infections. The resistance development occurs by the inactivation of antibiotics, regulating the membrane permeability, modification of natural antibiotic targets or the use of efflux pumps against antibiotics. And, the dissemination of resistance genes occurs vertically by DNA replication and horizontally by conjugation, transduction and transformation. The prevention of development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance needs international public health bodies to rationalize the antibiotic use, prevent the flux of antibiotics into the environment, develop the rapid diagnostics tests, undertake proper surveillance of antibiotic resistance, promote the research on antibiotic resistance prevention, promote the research and development of novel alternative antibiotics, and encourage the widespread social awareness campaigns against the inappropriate antibiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Begum
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, GBPUAT, Panthnagar, Udham Singh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India
| | - N A Mir
- ICAR- Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Dev
- ICAR- Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - I A Khan
- ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Santos ECCD, Castro VS, Cunha-Neto A, Santos LFD, Vallim DC, Lisbôa RDC, Carvalho RCT, Junior CAC, Figueiredo EEDS. Escherichia coli O26 and O113:H21 on Carcasses and Beef from a Slaughterhouse Located in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:653-659. [PMID: 30036077 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a group of emerging pathogens that can cause human diseases, including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and hemorrhagic colitis (HC). Monitoring slaughtering stages and checking contamination points are crucial for the production of safe food. In this context, the aim of this study was to verify contamination by STEC strains, to determine the contamination points and evaluate the resistance profile to 12 antimicrobials used in both veterinary and human medicine. A total of 80 samples were obtained from eight collection points (pen floor, rectum, hide, carcass swabs and esophagus, diaphragm, masseter, and retail beef tissue samples). The isolates were collected by dilution plating on MacConkey agar with sorbitol, cefixime, and tellurite and analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction for virulence genes. Serotyping of non-O157 was performed, and testing for 12 antibiotics by disk diffusion was carried out. A total of 18 STEC strains were isolated, presenting different virulence profiles. Contamination by STEC was observed in the rectum (5/18), carcass surface (5/18), hide (3/18), diaphragm (2/18), retail beef (2/18), and masseter muscle (1/18). Pen floor swabs and esophagus tissues showed no STEC contamination. Moreover, three strains were identified as O26 and three as O113:H21 strains, which have been linked to HUS and HC outbreak cases in Brazil. All STEC isolates were susceptible to all evaluated antimicrobials, except streptomycin. The presence of STEC strains is a direct risk to the consumer, especially when isolated from retail beef, and contamination can occur during different slaughter stages. However, antimicrobial resistance profiles did not identify multidrug-resistant strains, limiting potential antimicrobial resistance transmission to other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinicius Silva Castro
- 2 Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adelino Cunha-Neto
- 3 Programa de Pós graduação Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Cuiabá, Brazil .,4 Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Dos Santos
- 5 Instituto Adolf Lutz , Núcleo de Doenças Entéricas e Infecções por Patógenos Especiais, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Adam Conte Junior
- 2 Instituto de Química , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .,4 Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Fluminense , Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .,6 Instituto Oswaldo Cruz , Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo
- 1 Programa de Pós graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Cuiabá, Brazil .,3 Programa de Pós graduação Nutrição, Alimentos e Metabolismo, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso , Cuiabá, Brazil
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Freitas Filho EG, Ferreira MRA, Pinto JFN, Conceição FR, Moreira CN. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157: H7 from healthy dairy cattle in Mid-West Brazil: occurrence and molecular characterization. PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 represents the major Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) strain related to large outbreaks and severe diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis (HC) and the potentially lethal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The aim of this study was to report the occurrence and molecular characterization of O157:H7 isolates obtained by rectal swab from 52 healthy dairy cattle belonging to 21 farms in Mid-West of Brazil. Detection of 16SrRNA, stx1, stx2, rfbO157, fliCh7, eae, ehxA, saa, cnf1, chuA, yjaA and TSPE4.C2 genes was performed by PCR. The isolates were further characterized by serotyping. Two hundred and sixty E. coli isolates were obtained, of which 126 were characterized as STEC. Two isolates from the same cow were identified as serotype O157:H7. Both isolates presented the stx2, eae, ehxA, saa and cnf1 virulence factor genes and the chuA gene in the phylogenetic classification (virulent group D), suggesting that they were clones. The prevalence of O157:H7 was found to be 1.92% (1/52 animals), demonstrating that healthy dairy cattle from farms in the Mid-West of Brazil are an important reservoir for highly pathogenic E. coli O157:H7.
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Ju W, Shen J, Li Y, Toro MA, Zhao S, Ayers S, Najjar MB, Meng J. Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in retail ground beef and pork in the Washington D.C. area. Food Microbiol 2012; 32:371-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Borges CA, Beraldo LG, Maluta RP, Cardozo MV, Guth BEC, Rigobelo EC, de Ávila FA. Shiga toxigenic and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in the feces and carcasses of slaughtered pigs. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012. [PMID: 23186549 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a pathogen of major importance in swine and public health. To determine the prevalence of Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), samples were collected from the feces and carcasses of swines. In total, 441 samples were collected in four samplings, of which 141 samples tested positive for either the stx1, stx2, and/or eae genes. From the positive samples, one STEC and 15 atypical EPEC (aEPEC) isolates were obtained, and all originated from the same sampling. In addition to eae, lpfA(O157/OI-141), ehxA, toxB, and lpfA(O113) were present in the aEPEC isolates. The only stx2-containing isolate carried stx2e and belonged to serotype O103:HNT. Resistance to four or more antimicrobials was found in almost half of the isolates, and some isolates shared the same fingerprint patterns by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). The presence of certain virulence genes and the high level of resistance to antimicrobials, as well as the possible fecal contamination of carcasses showed that some of the isolates are of public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Araújo Borges
- Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brasil.
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10
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Kumar A, Taneja N, Kumar Y, Sharma M. Detection of Shiga toxin variants among Shiga toxin-forming Escherichia coli isolates from animal stool, meat and human stool samples in India. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:1208-16. [PMID: 22830431 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05415.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the prevalence and distribution of various variants in the stx gene of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from diverse environmental sources (animal stool, meat) and human illness, from a large geographic area in India, and to understand the association between variants, serotype distribution and human disease. METHODS AND RESULTS A surveillance for STEC was conducted in the semi-urban and rural areas of Punjab, Himachal, Haryana and Chandigarh. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates (80 animal stool, 39 meat, 21 human stool from diarrhoea and HUS cases) were characterized for stx variants by PCR. Shiga-like toxin (Stx) was detected using Ridascreen-EIA assay. Variant stx2c was the most common (25·1%), followed by stx1d (13%), stx1c (10·7%) and stx2d (9·2%), whereas stx2e, stx2f and stx2g were absent. Only 8/21 (38%) human isolates harboured stx variants, of which stx2c and stx2d were found in 2 and 1 isolates, respectively. The low frequency of carriage of these potentially more pathogenic variants may explain the low severity of human illness seen in India. Shiga-like toxin was detected in only 42 of the isolates positive for the stx genes probably due to the low levels of toxins produced. Serogroup distribution was found to be diverse, suggesting the lack of any predominant circulating type. CONCLUSIONS The presence of stx variants 1c, 1d, 2c and stx2d in diverse environmental and human sources in India was demonstrated. The prevalence of the most common subtype stx2c found in this study in animal isolates may pose a threat to the public health. We report the subtyping of human STEC isolates and report the presence of stx1d subtype for the first time from India. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY We demonstrated the presence of potentially pathogenic subtypes in the environmental specimens which may act as a reservoir for human infections. Serogroups new to India were also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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11
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Cergole-Novella MC, Pignatari ACC, Castanheira M, Guth BEC. Molecular typing of antimicrobial-resistant Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains (STEC) in Brazil. Res Microbiol 2010; 162:117-23. [PMID: 21126577 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular characteristics were determined in thirty-two Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains previously identified in São Paulo State associated with human infections (n = 21) and in cattle feces (n = 11). The highest resistance rates were identified for tetracycline (100%), streptomycin (78%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (56%). Eleven STEC strains showed resistance to ampicillin and carried bla(TEM) that was confirmed as bla(TEM-1) in one representative isolate. The class 1 integrase gene (intI1) was detected in seven (22%) strains, and most of them belonged to the O111:H8 serotype. The class 1 integron was located on plasmids in five of the seven STEC strains, and conjugation assays confirmed the plasmid support of those resistant determinants. STEC strains were genetically classified into the B1 group, and PFGE analysis showed that most of the strains in each serogroup were grouped into the same cluster (80-97% similarity). The presence of a class 1 integron and bla(TEM-1) genes is described for the first time among STEC isolates in Brazil and clearly represents a public health concern.
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Garcia-Aljaro C, Moreno E, Andreu A, Prats G, Blanch AR. Phylogroups, virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance in stx2 gene-carrying Escherichia coli isolated from aquatic environments. Res Microbiol 2009; 160:585-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Menezes MA, Rocha LB, Koga PCM, Fernandes I, Nara JM, Magalhães CA, Abe CM, Ayala CO, Burgos YK, Elias WP, Castro AFP, Piazza RMF. Identification of enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli strains by immunoserological detection of intimin. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:878-887. [PMID: 19709337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04484.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against intimin in the detection of enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli isolates using immunoblotting. METHODS AND RESULTS Polyclonal and Mabs against the intimin-conserved region were raised, and their reactivities were compared in enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) isolates using immunoblotting analysis. In comparison with rat antiserum, rabbit anti-intimin IgG-enriched fraction had a stronger recognition pattern to a wide spectrum of intimin types in different EPEC and EHEC serotypes. On the other hand, murine monoclonal IgG2b specific to intimin, with dissociation constant of 1.3x10(-8) mol l(-1), failed in the detection of some of these isolates. CONCLUSION All employed antibodies showed 100% specificity, not reacting with any of the eae-negative isolates. The sensitivity range was according to the employed antisera, and 97% for rabbit anti-intimin IgG-enriched fraction, followed by 92% and 78% sensitivity with rat antisera and Mab. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The rabbit anti-intimin IgG-enriched fraction in immunoblotting analysis is a useful tool for EPEC and EHEC diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Menezes
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L B Rocha
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - P C M Koga
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - I Fernandes
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J M Nara
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C A Magalhães
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C M Abe
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C O Ayala
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Y K Burgos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - W P Elias
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A F P Castro
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R M F Piazza
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Vettorato MP, de Castro AFP, Cergole-Novella MC, Camargo FLL, Irino K, Guth BEC. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy sheep of different populations in São Paulo, Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 49:53-9. [PMID: 19413771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02617.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Sheep are important carriers of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in several countries. However, there are a few reports about ovine STEC in American continent. METHODS AND RESULTS About 86 E. coli strains previously isolated from 172 healthy sheep from different farms were studied. PCR was used for detection of stx(1), stx(2), eae, ehxA and saa genes and for the identification of intimin subtypes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR was performed to investigate the variants of stx(1) and stx(2), and the flagellar antigen (fliC) genes in nonmotile isolates. Five isolates were eae(+) and stx(-), and belonged to serotypes O128:H2/beta-intimin (2), O145:H2/gamma, O153:H7/beta and O178:H7/epsilon. Eighty-one STEC isolates were recovered, and the stx genotypes identified were stx(1c)stx(2d-O118) (46.9%), stx(1c) (27.2%), stx(2d-O118) (23.4%), and stx(1c)stx(2dOX3a) (2.5%). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed 27 profiles among 53 STEC and atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) isolates. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that healthy sheep in São Paulo, Brazil, can be carriers of potential human pathogenic STEC and atypical EPEC. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY As some of the STEC serotypes presently found have been involved with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) in other countries, the important role of sheep as sources of STEC infection in our settings should not be disregarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Vettorato
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-II, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Paula C, Marin J. Multidrug-resistant Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dogs with diarrhea. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352009000200032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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De Toni F, de Souza EM, Pedrosa FO, Klassen G, Irino K, Un Rigo L, Steffens MBR, Fialho OB, Farah SMSS, Fadel-Picheth CMT. A prospective study on Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in children with diarrhea in Paraná State, Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 48:645-7. [PMID: 19228288 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To examine stool specimens from children with diarrhea from Paraná State, southern Brazil, for presence of STEC. METHODS AND RESULTS A PCR screening assay for stx genes was used to examine a loopful of confluent colonies of 306 stool samples cultures. In six (1.96%) of them, DNA fragments of the expected size were observed, and the presence of stx was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Then up to 100 single colonies from each of the six stool cultures were analyzed using the same PCR protocol. However, stx-positive colonies were found only in two of the cultures. The E. coli strains belonged to serotypes O69:H11 and O178:H19, and presented genotypes stx(1)eae ehxA and stx(1) respectively. Shiga toxin production was confirmed using the VTEC Screen Seiken. Except ampicillin, they were susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested. CONCLUSIONS These results show that STEC may be an important cause of diarrhea in children of Paraná State, and that they are present in low numbers in stools. The strains belonged to serotypes not commonly found associated with STEC and probably present low virulence. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY These results indicate that molecular methods are required to diagnosis of STEC infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Toni
- Department of Medical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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17
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Nagachinta S, Chen J. Integron-mediated antibiotic resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. J Food Prot 2009; 72:21-7. [PMID: 19205459 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-72.1.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to characterize the integrons present in a group of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates and the ability of these integrons to transfer antibiotic resistance genes from STEC to E. coli K-12 MG1655. A total of 177 STEC isolates were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility and the presence of integrons. Class 1 integrons were detected in 14 STEC isolates, and a class 2 integron was identified in 1 STEC isolate. The STEC isolates positive for class 1 integrons were resistant to streptomycin (MICs > 128 microg/ml) and sulfisoxazole (MICs > 1,024 microg/ml), and the isolate positive for the class 2 integron was resistant to streptomycin (MIC of 128 microg/ml), trimethoprim (MIC > 256 microg/ml), and streptothricin (MIC > 32 microg/ml). Results of restriction digestion and nucleotide sequencing revealed that the cassette regions of the class 1 integrons had a uniform size of 1.1 kb and contained a nucleotide sequence identical to that of aadA1. The class 2 integron cassette region was 2.0 kb and carried nucleotide sequences homologous to those of aadA1, sat1, and dfrA1. Results of the conjugation experiments revealed that horizontal transfers of conjugative plasmids are responsible for the dissemination of class 1 integron-mediated antibiotic resistance genes from STEC to E. coli K-12 MG1655. Antibiotic resistance traits not mediated by integrons, such as resistance to tetracycline and oxytetracycline, were cotransferred with the integron-mediated antibiotic resistance genes. The study suggested a possible role of integron and conjugative plasmid in dissemination of genes conferring resistance to antibiotics from pathogenic to generic E. coli cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supakana Nagachinta
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797, USA
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18
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Ram S, Vajpayee P, Tripathi U, Singh R, Seth P, Shanker R. Determination of antimicrobial resistance and virulence gene signatures in surface water isolates ofEscherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2008; 105:1899-908. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Mendes-Ledesma MRB, Rocha LB, Bueris V, Krause G, Beutin L, Franzolin MR, Trabulsi LR, Elias WP, Piazza RMF. Production and characterization of rabbit polyclonal sera against Shiga toxins Stx1 and Stx2 for detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Microbiol Immunol 2008; 52:484-91. [PMID: 18822082 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00068.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
STEC has emerged as an important group of enteric pathogens worldwide. In this study, rabbit polyclonal Stx1 and Stx2 antisera were raised and employed in the standardization of immunoassays for STEC detection. Using their respective antisera, the limit of detection of the toxin was 35.0 pg for Stx1 and 5.4 pg for Stx2. By immunoblotting, these antisera recognized both toxin subunits. Cross-reactivity was observed in the A subunit, but only Stx2 antiserum was able to neutralize the cytotoxicity of both toxins in the Vero cell assay. Six stx-harboring E. coli isolates were analyzed for their virulence traits. They belonged to different serotypes, including the O48:H7, described for the first time in Brazil. Only three strains harbored eae, and the e-hly gene and hemolytic activity was detected in five strains. Three isolates showed new stx2 variants (stx(2v-ha) and stx(2vb-hb)). The ELISA assay detected all six isolates, including one VCA-negative isolate, while the immunodot assay failed to detect one isolate, which was VCA-positive. In contrast, the colony-immunoblot assay detected only one VCA-positive isolate. Our results demonstrate that among the immunoassays developed in this study, the immunodot, and particularly the ELISA, appear as perspective for STEC detection in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meire R B Mendes-Ledesma
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Avenida Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo, SP, 05503-900, Brazil
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20
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Pigatto CP, Schocken-Iturrino RP, Souza EM, Pedrosa FO, Comarella L, Irino K, Kato MAMF, Farah SMSS, Warth JF, Fadel-Picheth CMT. Virulence properties and antimicrobial susceptibility of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy cattle from Paraná State, Brazil. Can J Microbiol 2008; 54:588-93. [PMID: 18641705 DOI: 10.1139/w08-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The presence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains in feces samples of cattle was determined using the cytotoxicity assay on Vero cells and a screening PCR system to detect stx genes. The STEC isolates were serotyped, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and analyzed for virulence genes using multiplex PCR. The verocytotoxin-producing E. coli - reverse passive latex agglutination (VTEC-RPLA) assay was also used to detect Shiga toxin production. The frequency of cattle shedding STEC was 36%. The isolates belonged to 33 different serotypes, of which O10:H42, O98:H41, and O159:H21 had not previously been associated with STEC. The most frequent serotypes were ONT:H7 (10%), O22:H8 (7%), O22:H16 (7%), and ONT:H21 (7%). Most of the strains (96%) were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested. Shiga toxin was detected by the VTEC-RPLA assay in most (89%) of the STEC strains. The frequency of virulence markers was as follows: stx1, 10%; stx2, 43%; stx1 plus stx2, 47%; ehxA, 44%; eae, 1%; and saa, 38%. Several strains belong to serotypes associated with human disease, and most of them carried a stx2-type gene, suggesting that they represent a risk to human health. The screening PCR assay showed fewer false-negative results for STEC than the Vero-cell assay and is suitable for laboratory routine.
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Khan SJ, Roser DJ, Davies CM, Peters GM, Stuetz RM, Tucker R, Ashbolt NJ. Chemical contaminants in feedlot wastes: concentrations, effects and attenuation. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2008; 34:839-859. [PMID: 18055014 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2007] [Revised: 10/28/2007] [Accepted: 10/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Commercial feedlots for beef cattle finishing are potential sources of a range of trace chemicals which have human health or environmental significance. To ensure adequate protection of human and environmental health from exposure to these chemicals, the application of effective manure and effluent management practices is warranted. The Australian meat and livestock industry has adopted a proactive approach to the identification of best management practices. Accordingly, this review was undertaken to identify key chemical species that may require consideration in the development of guidelines for feedlot manure and effluent management practices in Australia. Important classes of trace chemicals identified include steroidal hormones, antibiotics, ectoparasiticides, mycotoxins, heavy metals and dioxins. These are described in terms of their likely sources, expected concentrations and public health or environmental significance based on international data and research. Androgenic hormones such as testosterone and trenbolone are significantly active in feedlot wastes, but they are poorly understood in terms of fate and environmental implications. The careful management of residues of antibiotics including virginiamycin, tylosin and oxytetracycline appears prudent in terms of minimising the risk of potential public health impacts from resistant strains of bacteria. Good management of ectoparasiticides including synthetic pyrethroids, macrocyclic lactones, fluazuron, and amitraz is important for the prevention of potential ecological implications, particularly towards dung beetles. Very few of these individual chemical contaminants have been thoroughly investigated in terms of concentrations, effects and attenuation in Australian feedlot wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Khan
- Centre for Water and Waste Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, NSW 2054, Australia.
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Ram S, Vajpayee P, Shanker R. Contamination of potable water distribution systems by multiantimicrobial-resistant enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2008; 116:448-52. [PMID: 18414625 PMCID: PMC2290977 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.10809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The contamination of processed or unprocessed drinking water by fecal coliform bacteria has been reported worldwide. Despite a high incidence of waterborne diseases, entero-hemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is an underacknowledged pathogen of concern to public health in India. Although the presence of EHEC is recorded in surface water resources of India, drinking water sources are yet to be investigated. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to analyze potable water samples for the presence of virulence determinants of EHEC and to determine the sensitivity of the virulence determinants to antimicrobials. METHODS We enumerated coliform bacteria in potable water samples collected from six locations in Lucknow, a major city in northern India, using the most probable number method. E. coli (n = 81), randomly isolated by membrane-filtration technique from four sites, were identified by biochemical characterization. E. coli were not detected in samples from two other sites. We screened 15 randomly selected isolates from each site for virulence determinants of EHEC using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The isolates positive for virulence determinants (n = 18) were screened for sensitivity to 15 antimicrobials by the disk diffusion method. RESULTS Both stx1 and stx2 genes were present in 33.3% of isolates, whereas others possessed either stx1 (11.1%) or stx2 (55.6%). eaeA, hlyA, and chuA genes were present in 100, 23.3, and 16.7% of isolates, respectively. Resistance to multiple antimicrobials was observed in potential EHEC. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of multiantimicrobial-resistant EHEC in potable water is an important health concern because of the risk of waterborne outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rishi Shanker
- Address correspondence to R. Shanker, Environmental Microbiology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Post Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, U.P., India. Telephone: 91-0522-2613786, ext. 237. Fax: 91-0522-2611547. E-mail:
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Ram S, Vajpayee P, Shanker R. Prevalence of multi-antimicrobial-agent resistant, shiga toxin and enterotoxin producing Escherichia coli in surface waters of river Ganga. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2007; 41:7383-7388. [PMID: 18044515 DOI: 10.1021/es0712266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of polluted surface water for domestic and recreational purposes by large populations in developing nations is a major cause of diarrheal disease related mortality. The river Ganga and its tributaries meet 40% of the water requirement for drinking and irrigation in India. In this study, Escherichia coli isolates (n=75) of the river Ganga water were investigated for resistance to antimicrobial agents (n=15) and virulence genes specific to shiga toxin (STEC) and enterotoxin producing E. coli (ETEC). E. coli isolates from the river Ganga water exhibit resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. The distribution of antimicrobial agent resistance in E. colivaries significantly (chi2: 81.28 at df = 24, p < 0.001) between the sites. Both stx1 and stx2 genes were present in 82.3% of STEC (n=17) while remaining isolates possess either stxl (11.8%) or stx2 (5.9%). The presence of eaeA, hlyA, and chuA genes was observed in 70.6, 88.2, and 58.8% of STEC, respectively. Both LT1 and ST1 genes were positive in 66.7% of ETEC (n=15) while 33.3% of isolates harbor only LT1 gene. The prevalence of multi-antimicrobial-agent resistant E. coli in the river Ganga water poses increased risk of infections in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya Ram
- Environmental Microbiology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, Post Box 80, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow-226001, India
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Wani SA, Hussain I, Nabi A, Fayaz I, Nishikawa Y. Variants of eae and stx genes of atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from calves. Lett Appl Microbiol 2007; 45:610-5. [PMID: 17916128 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2007.02235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the subtypes of stx and eae genes of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) from calves and to ascertain the typical and atypical nature of EPEC. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and eighty-seven faecal samples from 134 diarrhoeic and 53 healthy calves were investigated for the presence of stx, eae and ehxA virulence genes by polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Subtype analysis of stx(1) exhibited stx(1c) in 13 (31.70%) isolates, while that of stx(2) revealed stx(2c) in eight (24.24%) and stx(2d) in two (6.06%) isolates. Subtyping of eae gene showed the presence of eae-beta, eae-eta and eae-zeta in two, three and four isolates respectively. None of the E. coli isolates possessed stx(2e), stx(2f), eae-alpha, eae-delta, eae-epsilon and eae-xi. All EPEC isolates were atypical. CONCLUSIONS stx(1), stx(1c), stx(2), stx(2c), stx(2d), eae-beta, eae-eta and eae-zeta subtypes are prevalent in STEC and EPEC isolates in India. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first subtype analysis of stx(2) and eae genes of animal E. coli isolates in India and emphasizes the need to investigate their transmission to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Wani
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shuhama (Alusteng), Srinagar, India.
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Abstract
Contaminated food continues to be the principal vehicle for transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) to humans. A large number of foods, including those associated with outbreaks (alfalfa sprouts, fresh produce, beef, and unpasteurized juices), have been the focus of intensive research studies in the past few years (2003 to 2006) to assess the prevalence and identify effective intervention and inactivation treatments for these pathogens. Recent analyses of retail foods in the United States revealed E. coli O157:H7 was present in 1.5% of alfalfa sprouts and 0.17% of ground beef but not in some other foods examined. Differences in virulence patterns (presence of both stx1 and stx2 genes versus one stx gene) have been observed among isolates from beef samples obtained at the processing plant compared with retail outlets. Research has continued to examine survival and growth of STEC in foods, with several models being developed to predict the behavior of the pathogen under a wide range of environmental conditions. In an effort to develop effective strategies to minimize contamination, several influential factors are being addressed, including elucidating the underlying mechanism for attachment and penetration of STEC into foods and determining the role of handling practices and processing operations on cross-contamination between foods. Reports of some alternative nonthermal processing treatments (high pressure, pulsed-electric field, ionizing radiation, UV radiation, and ultrasound) indicate potential for inactivating STEC with minimal alteration to sensory and nutrient characteristics. Antimicrobials (e.g., organic acids, oxidizing agents, cetylpyridinium chloride, bacteriocins, acidified sodium chlorite, natural extracts) have varying degrees of efficacy as preservatives or sanitizing agents on produce, meat, and unpasteurized juices. Multiple-hurdle or sequential intervention treatments have the greatest potential to minimize transmission of STEC in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C Erickson
- Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223-1797, USA
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Irino K, Vaz TMI, Medeiros MIC, Kato MAMF, Gomes TAT, Vieira MAM, Guth BEC. Serotype diversity as a drawback in the surveillance of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infections in Brazil. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:565-567. [PMID: 17374902 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kinue Irino
- Seção de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia M I Vaz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, São Paulo, CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil
- Seção de Bacteriologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tânia A T Gomes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, São Paulo, CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mônica A M Vieira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, São Paulo, CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz E C Guth
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, São Paulo, CEP 04023-062, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bastos FC, Vaz TMI, Irino K, Guth BEC. Phenotypic characteristics, virulence profile and genetic relatedness of O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated in Brazil and other Latin American countries. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 265:89-97. [PMID: 17034414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty-eight Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7/H(-) strains isolated from human infections, cattle and foods in Brazil and in some other Latin American countries were compared with regard to several phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The genetic relatedness of the strains was also determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Similar biochemical behaviour was identified, regardless of the origin and country of the strains. Most (89.5%) strains were sensitive to the antimicrobial agents tested, but resistance to at least one drug was observed among bovine strains. Although a diversity of stx genotypes was identified, most (77.8%) of the human strains harboured stx(2) or stx(2)stx(2c(2vha)), whereas stx(2c(2vha)) prevailed (64.2%) among strains isolated from cattle. stx(1) and stx(1)stx(2c(2vha)) were the genotypes identified less frequently, and occurred exclusively among strains isolated from food and cattle, respectively. Despite differences in the stx genotypes, all strains carried eae-gamma, efa1, ehx, iha, lpf(O157) and toxB sequences. Many closely related subgroups (more than 80% of similarity) were identified by PFGE, and the presence of a particular O157:H7 STEC clone more related to human infections in Brazil, as well as a common origin for some strains isolated from different sources and countries in Latin America can be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia C Bastos
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862/3 andar, CEP 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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