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Norton CE, Shaw RL, Safa, Dockery B, Domeier TL, Segal SS. Advanced age and female sex protect cerebral arteries from mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis during acute oxidative stress. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14110. [PMID: 38380477 PMCID: PMC11113258 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging increases reactive oxygen species (ROS) which can impair vascular function and contribute to brain injury. However, aging can also promote resilience to acute oxidative stress. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that advanced age protects smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) of posterior cerebral arteries (PCAs; diameter, ∼80 μm) during exposure to H2O2. PCAs from young (4-6 months) and old (20-26 months) male and female C57BL/6 mice were isolated and pressurized (~70 mm Hg) to evaluate cell death, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), ROS production, and [Ca2+]i in response to H2O2 (200 μM, 50 min). SMC death and ΔΨm depolarization were greater in PCAs from males vs. females. Aging increased ROS in PCAs from both sexes but increased SMC resilience to death only in males. Inhibiting TRPV4 channels with HC-067047 (1 μM) or Src kinases with SU6656 (10 μM) reduced Ca2+ entry and SMC death to H2O2 most effectively in PCAs from young males. Activating TRPV4 channels with GSK1016790A (50 nM) evoked greater Ca2+ influx in SMCs and ECs of PCAs from young vs. old mice but did not induce cell death. However, when combined with H2O2, TRPV4 activation exacerbated EC death. Activating Src kinases with spermidine (100 μM) increased Ca2+ influx in PCAs from males vs. females with minimal cell death. We conclude that in males, chronic oxidative stress during aging increases the resilience of cerebral arteries, which contrasts with inherent protection in females. Findings implicate TRP channels and Src kinases as targets to limit vascular damage to acute oxidative injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Shaw
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Safa
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Beyoncé Dockery
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Timothy L. Domeier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
| | - Steven S. Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research CenterColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Biomedical, Biological and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise PhysiologyUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA
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Rahaman SG, Mahanty M, Mukherjee P, Dutta B, Rahaman SO. Mechanosensing and Mechanosignal Transduction in Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:711-721. [PMID: 37615786 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to summarize the latest findings on mechanosensing in atherosclerosis, elucidating the molecular mechanisms, cellular players, and potential therapeutic targets. RECENT FINDINGS Atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaque within arterial walls, is a major contributor to cardiovascular disease-related mortality and morbidity. Interestingly, atherosclerosis predominantly occurs in arterial areas with curves and branches. In these regions, endothelial cells encounter irregular blood flow with distinctive low-intensity fluctuating shear stress. On the other hand, straight sections of arteries, subjected to a consistent flow and related high-intensity, one-way shear stress, are relatively safeguarded against atherosclerosis due to shear-dependent, disease-preventing endothelial cell reactions. In recent years, researchers have been investigating the role of mechanosensing in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. At the core of mechanosensing is the ability of various cells to sense and respond to biomechanical forces in their environment. In the context of atherosclerosis, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells are subjected to various mechanical or physical stimuli, including shear stress, cyclic strain, and matrix stiffness. These mechanical cues play a crucial role in regulating cellular behavior and contribute to the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that various mechanical or physical cues play a critical role in the development and promotion of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suneha G Rahaman
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Manisha Mahanty
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Pritha Mukherjee
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Bidisha Dutta
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Shaik O Rahaman
- University of Maryland, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
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Mukherjee P, Rahaman SG, Goswami R, Dutta B, Mahanty M, Rahaman SO. Role of mechanosensitive channels/receptors in atherosclerosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C927-C938. [PMID: 35353635 PMCID: PMC9109792 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00396.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are critical physical cues that can affect numerous cellular processes regulating the development, tissue maintenance, and functionality of cells. The contribution of mechanical forces is especially crucial in the vascular system where it is required for embryogenesis and for maintenance of physiological function in vascular cells including aortic endothelial cells, resident macrophages, and smooth muscle cells. Emerging evidence has also identified a role of these mechanical cues in pathological conditions of the vascular system such as atherosclerosis and associated diseases like hypertension. Of the different mechanotransducers, mechanosensitive ion channels/receptors are gaining prominence due to their involvement in numerous physiological and pathological conditions. However, only a handful of potential mechanosensory ion channels/receptors have been shown to be involved in atherosclerosis, and their precise role in disease development and progression remains poorly understood. Here, we provide a comprehensive account of recent studies investigating the role of mechanosensitive ion channels/receptors in atherosclerosis. We discuss the different groups of mechanosensitive proteins and their specific roles in inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, macrophage foam cell formation, and lesion development, which are crucial for the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Results of the studies discussed here will help in developing an understanding of the current state of mechanobiology in vascular diseases, specifically in atherosclerosis, which may be important for the development of innovative and targeted therapeutics for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Mukherjee
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | | | - Rishov Goswami
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Bidisha Dutta
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Manisha Mahanty
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Shaik O Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
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4
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Masson B, Montani D, Humbert M, Capuano V, Antigny F. Role of Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in the Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling Occurring in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1781. [PMID: 34944425 PMCID: PMC8698435 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe and multifactorial disease. PAH pathogenesis mostly involves pulmonary arterial endothelial and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) dysfunction, leading to alterations in pulmonary arterial tone and distal pulmonary vessel obstruction and remodeling. Unfortunately, current PAH therapies are not curative, and therapeutic approaches mostly target endothelial dysfunction, while PASMC dysfunction is under investigation. In PAH, modifications in intracellular Ca2+ homoeostasis could partly explain PASMC dysfunction. One of the most crucial actors regulating Ca2+ homeostasis is store-operated Ca2+ channels, which mediate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). This review focuses on the main actors of SOCE in human and experimental PASMC, their contribution to PAH pathogenesis, and their therapeutic potential in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastien Masson
- Faculté de Médecine, School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (B.M.); (D.M.); (M.H.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - David Montani
- Faculté de Médecine, School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (B.M.); (D.M.); (M.H.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marc Humbert
- Faculté de Médecine, School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (B.M.); (D.M.); (M.H.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Department of Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine, Pulmonary Hypertension National Referral Center, Hôpital Bicêtre, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Faculté de Médecine, School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (B.M.); (D.M.); (M.H.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
- Research and Innovation Unit, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Faculté de Médecine, School of Medicine, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (B.M.); (D.M.); (M.H.); (V.C.)
- INSERM UMR_S 999 Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint-Joseph, Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France
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Reinmuth L, Hsiao CC, Hamann J, Rosenkilde M, Mackrill J. Multiple Targets for Oxysterols in Their Regulation of the Immune System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082078. [PMID: 34440846 PMCID: PMC8391951 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols, or cholesterol oxidation products, are naturally occurring lipids which regulate the physiology of cells, including those of the immune system. In contrast to effects that are mediated through nuclear receptors or by epigenetic mechanism, which take tens of minutes to occur, changes in the activities of cell-surface receptors caused by oxysterols can be extremely rapid, often taking place within subsecond timescales. Such cell-surface receptor effects of oxysterols allow for the regulation of fast cellular processes, such as motility, secretion and endocytosis. These cellular processes play critical roles in both the innate and adaptive immune systems. This review will survey the two broad classes of cell-surface receptors for oxysterols (G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ion channels), the mechanisms by which cholesterol oxidation products act on them, and their presence and functions in the different cell types of the immune system. Overall, this review will highlight the potential of oxysterols, synthetic derivatives and their receptors for physiological and therapeutic modulation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Reinmuth
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsiao
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.-C.H.); (J.H.)
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Hamann
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (C.-C.H.); (J.H.)
- Neuroimmunology Research Group, The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, 1105BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mette Rosenkilde
- Laboratory for Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.M.); Tel.: +353-(0)21-490-1400 (J.M.)
| | - John Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
- Correspondence: (M.R.); (J.M.); Tel.: +353-(0)21-490-1400 (J.M.)
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TRPC and TRPV Channels' Role in Vascular Remodeling and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176125. [PMID: 32854408 PMCID: PMC7503586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potentials (TRPs) are non-selective cation channels that are widely expressed in vascular beds. They contribute to the Ca2+ influx evoked by a wide spectrum of chemical and physical stimuli, both in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Within the superfamily of TRP channels, different isoforms of TRPC (canonical) and TRPV (vanilloid) have emerged as important regulators of vascular tone and blood flow pressure. Additionally, several lines of evidence derived from animal models, and even from human subjects, highlighted the role of TRPC and TRPV in vascular remodeling and disease. Dysregulation in the function and/or expression of TRPC and TRPV isoforms likely regulates vascular smooth muscle cells switching from a contractile to a synthetic phenotype. This process contributes to the development and progression of vascular disorders, such as systemic and pulmonary arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and restenosis. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the implication of TRPC and TRPV in the physiological and pathological processes of some frequent vascular diseases.
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7
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Quinn TA, Kohl P. Cardiac Mechano-Electric Coupling: Acute Effects of Mechanical Stimulation on Heart Rate and Rhythm. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:37-92. [PMID: 32380895 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart is vital for biological function in almost all chordates, including humans. It beats continually throughout our life, supplying the body with oxygen and nutrients while removing waste products. If it stops, so does life. The heartbeat involves precise coordination of the activity of billions of individual cells, as well as their swift and well-coordinated adaption to changes in physiological demand. Much of the vital control of cardiac function occurs at the level of individual cardiac muscle cells, including acute beat-by-beat feedback from the local mechanical environment to electrical activity (as opposed to longer term changes in gene expression and functional or structural remodeling). This process is known as mechano-electric coupling (MEC). In the current review, we present evidence for, and implications of, MEC in health and disease in human; summarize our understanding of MEC effects gained from whole animal, organ, tissue, and cell studies; identify potential molecular mediators of MEC responses; and demonstrate the power of computational modeling in developing a more comprehensive understanding of ‟what makes the heart tick.ˮ.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alexander Quinn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Kohl
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Medical Faculty of the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; and CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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8
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Li Y, Chen X, Zeng X, Chen S, Yang X, Zhang L. Galectin-3 mediates pulmonary vascular endothelial cell dynamics via TRPC1/4 under acute hypoxia. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22463. [PMID: 32003113 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) has been implicated in various biological functions, yet little is known about its role in regulating the dynamics of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells. Gal-3 was shown to be increased in hypoxic model rats by sequencing analysis. We exposed pulmonary vessel endothelial cells (PVECs) to hypoxia or Gal-3 stimulation, following which cell apoptosis and autophagy were measured with the relevant methods. The results demonstrated that hypoxia elevated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity and Gal-3 expression. Gla-3 decreased the expression of Bcl-2, Alix, Beclin-1, Atg5, and LC3A/B. The messenger RNA and protein levels of transient receptor potential channel 1/4 (TRPC1/4) and calpain were reduced after Gal-3 treatment. Gal-3 also activated protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3 β/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathways in PVECs. These results suggest that a hypoxia-mediated increase in Gal-3 promotes apoptosis and inhibits autophagy by inhibiting the TRPC1/4 pathway and activating the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3 β/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway in PVECs. Furthermore, these results may provide us with a new direction to explore the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province University on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Toxicology, Fujian Center for Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinghe Chen
- Department of Pediatrics Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xixi Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province University on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shaokun Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province University on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Toxicology, Fujian Center for Evaluation of New Drug, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province University on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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9
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Norton CE, Jacobsen NL, Sinkler SY, Manrique-Acevedo C, Segal SS. Female sex and Western-style diet protect mouse resistance arteries during acute oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C627-C639. [PMID: 31891519 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00342.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A Western-style diet (WD; high in fat and carbohydrates) increases vascular oxidative stress. We hypothesized that vascular cells adapt to a WD by developing resilience to oxidative stress. Male and female C57BL/6J mice (4 wk of age) were fed a control diet (CD) or a WD for 16-20 wk. Superior epigastric arteries (SEAs; diameter, ~125 µm) were isolated and pressurized for study. Basal reactive oxygen species production was greatest in SEAs from males fed the WD. During exposure to H2O2 (200 μM, 50 min), propidium iodide staining identified nuclei of disrupted endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). For mice fed the CD, death of SMCs (21%) and ECs (6%) was greater (P < 0.05) in SEAs from males than females (9% and 2%, respectively). WD consumption attenuated cell death most effectively in SEAs from males. With no difference at rest, H2O2 increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) to the greatest extent in SEAs from males, as shown by fura 2 fluorescence. Selective disruption of the endothelium (luminal air bubble) increased [Ca2+]i and SMC death during H2O2 exposure irrespective of sex; the WD reduced both responses most effectively in males. Nonselective transient receptor potential (TRP) channel inhibition (ruthenium red, 5 μM) attenuated the rise of [Ca2+]i, as did selective inhibition of TRP vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4) channels (HC-067047, 1 μM), which also attenuated cell death. In contrast, inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (diltiazem, 50 μM) was without effect. Thus, for resistance arteries during acute oxidative stress: 1) ECs are more resilient than (and can protect) SMCs, 2) vessels from females are inherently more resilient than those from males, and 3) a WD increases vascular resilience by diminishing TRPV4 channel-dependent Ca2+ entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nicole L Jacobsen
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shenghua Y Sinkler
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Research Services, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Steven S Segal
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, Missouri
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Pariente A, Peláez R, Pérez-Sala Á, Larráyoz IM. Inflammatory and cell death mechanisms induced by 7-ketocholesterol in the retina. Implications for age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2019; 187:107746. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Grootaert MOJ, Moulis M, Roth L, Martinet W, Vindis C, Bennett MR, De Meyer GRY. Vascular smooth muscle cell death, autophagy and senescence in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:622-634. [PMID: 29360955 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present review, we describe the causes and consequences of loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) or their function in advanced atherosclerotic plaques and discuss possible mechanisms such as cell death or senescence, and induction of autophagy to promote cell survival. We also highlight the potential use of pharmacological modulators of these processes to limit plaque progression and/or improve plaque stability. VSMCs play a pivotal role in atherogenesis. Loss of VSMCs via initiation of cell death leads to fibrous cap thinning and promotes necrotic core formation and calcification. VSMC apoptosis is induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidized low density lipoprotein, high levels of nitric oxide and mechanical injury. Apoptotic VSMCs are characterized by a thickened basal lamina surrounding the cytoplasmic remnants of the VSMC. Inefficient clearance of apoptotic VSMCs results in secondary necrosis and subsequent inflammation. A critical determinant in the VSMC stress response and phenotypic switching is autophagy, which is activated by various stimuli, including reactive oxygen and lipid species, cytokines, growth factors and metabolic stress. Successful autophagy stimulates VSMC survival, whereas reduced autophagy promotes age-related changes in the vasculature. Recently, an interesting link between autophagy and VSMC senescence has been uncovered. Defective VSMC autophagy accelerates not only the development of stress-induced premature senescence but also atherogenesis, albeit without worsening plaque stability. VSMC senescence in atherosclerosis is likely a result of replicative senescence and/or stress-induced premature senescence in response to DNA damaging and/or oxidative stress-inducing stimuli. The finding that VSMC senescence can promote atherosclerosis further illustrates that normal, adequate VSMC function is crucial in protecting the vessel wall against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy O J Grootaert
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Manon Moulis
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases and University Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France
| | - Lynn Roth
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cécile Vindis
- INSERM, UMR-1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases and University Paul Sabatier, F-31342 Toulouse, France
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Box 110, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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12
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Yan FR, Zhu ZL, Mu YP, Zhuang XL, Lin DC, Wu ZJ, Gui LX, Lin MJ. Increased caveolin-1 expression enhances the receptor-operated Ca 2+ entry in the aorta of two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:932-945. [PMID: 30840346 DOI: 10.1113/ep086924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The aim was to examine and compare the contributions of caveolin-1 to the contractile responses mediated by L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, store-operated Ca2+ channels and receptor-operated Ca2+ channels in two different types of arteries from two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. What is the main finding and its importance? We demonstrated that the density of caveolae and caveolin-1 expression were significantly upregulated in the aorta of two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats, but not in the third-order branches of mesenteric arteries. We highlight that caveolin-1 plays an important role in aortic constriction by enhancing receptor-operated Ca2+ entry in the hypertensive rat model. ABSTRACT Calcium and its multiple regulatory mechanisms are crucial for the development of hypertension. Among these regulatory mechanisms, store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) and receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) mediate agonist-induced calcium influx, contributing to vascular contraction. The SOCE and ROCE are regulated by a variety of mechanisms involving caveolin-1 (Cav1), which has been found to be strongly associated with hypertension in gene polymorphism. In the present study, we investigated the role of Cav1 during the enhanced activity of calcium channels in hypertensive arteries. We demonstrated that the expression level of Cav1 was significantly increased in the aorta of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. The disruption of caveolae by methyl-β-cyclodextrin did not cause a marked difference in agonist-induced vasoconstriction in the third-order branches of the mesenteric arteries but strongly suppressed the aortic contractile response to endothelin-1 in the 2K1C group, which was not found in the control group. The increase in Cav1 by introduction of Cav1 scaffolding domain enhancing peptide promoted the 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol-induced ROCE in hypertensive aortic smooth muscle cells but did not enhance the cyclopiazonic acid-induced SOCE. In the resistance arteries, similar changes were not observed, and no statistical changes of Cav1 expression were evident in the third-order branches of the mesenteric arteries. Our results indicate that increased Cav1 expression might promote the altered [Ca2+ ]i -induced aortic vasoreactivity by enhancing ROCE and be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Rong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.,Center for Molecular Diagnosis and Therapy, Respiratory Medicine Center of Fujian Province, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhuang-Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yun-Ping Mu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Da-Cen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Zhi-Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Long-Xin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Mo-Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
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Lambert M, Capuano V, Olschewski A, Sabourin J, Nagaraj C, Girerd B, Weatherald J, Humbert M, Antigny F. Ion Channels in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Therapeutic Interest? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103162. [PMID: 30322215 PMCID: PMC6214085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a multifactorial and severe disease without curative therapies. PAH pathobiology involves altered pulmonary arterial tone, endothelial dysfunction, distal pulmonary vessel remodeling, and inflammation, which could all depend on ion channel activities (K⁺, Ca2+, Na⁺ and Cl-). This review focuses on ion channels in the pulmonary vasculature and discusses their pathophysiological contribution to PAH as well as their therapeutic potential in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lambert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
| | - Véronique Capuano
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, Graz 8010, Austria.
- Department of Physiology, Medical University Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Jessica Sabourin
- Signalisation et Physiopathologie Cardiovasculaire, UMRS 1180, Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Stiftingtalstrasse 24, Graz 8010, Austria.
| | - Barbara Girerd
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
| | - Jason Weatherald
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T1Y 6J4, Canada.
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T1Y 6J4, Canada.
| | - Marc Humbert
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
| | - Fabrice Antigny
- Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médecine, 94270 Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- AP-HP, Centre de Référence de l'Hypertension Pulmonaire Sévère, Département Hospitalo-Universitaire (DHU) Thorax Innovation, Service de Pneumologie et Réanimation Respiratoire, Hôpital de Bicêtre, 94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
- UMRS 999, INSERM and Univ. Paris⁻Sud, Laboratoire d'Excellence (LabEx) en Recherche sur le Médicament et l'Innovation Thérapeutique (LERMIT), Hôpital-Marie-Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis Robinson, France.
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Fliniaux I, Germain E, Farfariello V, Prevarskaya N. TRPs and Ca2+ in cell death and survival. Cell Calcium 2018; 69:4-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Malinska A, Podemska Z, Sujka-Kordowska P, Witkiewicz W, Nowicki M, Perek B, Witt M. Caveolin 2: a facultative marker of unfavourable prognosis in long-term patency rate of internal thoracic artery grafts used in coronary artery bypass grafting. Preliminary report. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2017; 24:714-720. [PMID: 28453798 DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intimal hyperplasia leading to graft failure in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is related to vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) proliferation. SMCs respond to a variety of mediators, the most important of which is platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). The platelet-derived growth factor-induced cellular response has been shown to be mediated by caveolins. The aim of this study was to analyze CAV1-3 expression in internal thoracic artery (ITA) grafts used in CABG and correlate their expression with graft occlusion. METHODS Six hundred patients undergoing CABG with the use of ITA grafts between 2008 and 2014 were enrolled into this prospective study. CAV1-3 expression in the ITA grafts was analyzed prior to graft transplantation into the coronary circulation via immunohistochemistry. Estimated caveolins expression pattern was then correlated with the occurrence of ITA graft failure observed within 24-months of surgery. RESULTS Thirty-four patients developed ITA graft failure (subgroup A) and 566 study participants presented no adverse events (subgroup B). CAV1 and CAV3 expression levels in SMCs of the tunica media of the ITA grafts did not differ between the study subgroups and were not associated with the risk of graft failure. CAV2 was expressed within SMCs of the ITA grafts in 94.1% of the patients from subgroup A and 2.5% from subgroup B, and its expression was associated with ITA graft occlusion observed within 24-months after CABG. CONCLUSIONS CAV2 expression in SMCs of the tunica media in autologous ITA transplants might indicate the risk of graft failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Malinska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Podemska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | | | | | - Michal Nowicki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Perek
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Martin Witt
- Department of Anatomy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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16
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Lee YT, Lin HY, Chan YWF, Li KHC, To OTL, Yan BP, Liu T, Li G, Wong WT, Keung W, Tse G. Mouse models of atherosclerosis: a historical perspective and recent advances. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:12. [PMID: 28095860 PMCID: PMC5240327 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in both the developed and developing countries. Animal models of atherosclerosis have served as valuable tools for providing insights on its aetiology, pathophysiology and complications. They can be used for invasive interrogation of physiological function and provide a platform for testing the efficacy and safety of different pharmacological therapies. Compared to studies using human subjects, animal models have the advantages of being easier to manage, with controllable diet and environmental risk factors. Moreover, pathophysiological changes can be induced either genetically or pharmacologically to study the harmful effects of these interventions. There is no single ideal animal model, as different systems are suitable for different research objectives. A good understanding of the similarities and differences to humans enables effective extrapolation of data for translational application. In this article, we will examine the different mouse models for the study and elucidation of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. We also review recent advances in the field, such as the role of oxidative stress in promoting endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial DNA damage, which can result in vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis. Finally, novel therapeutic approaches to reduce vascular damage caused by chronic inflammation using microRNA and nano-medicine technology, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Ting Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Hiu Yu Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | | | | | - Olivia Tsz Ling To
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Bryan P Yan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- School of Life Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Wendy Keung
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Consortium, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
| | - Gary Tse
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR People’s Republic of China
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17
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Yang J, Yu J, Li D, Yu S, Ke J, Wang L, Wang Y, Qiu Y, Gao X, Zhang J, Huang L. Store-operated calcium entry-activated autophagy protects EPC proliferation via the CAMKK2-MTOR pathway in ox-LDL exposure. Autophagy 2016; 13:82-98. [PMID: 27791458 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1245261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving biological functions of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is beneficial to maintaining endothelium homeostasis and promoting vascular re-endothelialization. Because macroautophagy/autophagy has been documented as a double-edged sword in cell functions, its effects on EPCs remain to be elucidated. This study was designed to explore the role and molecular mechanisms of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE)-activated autophagy in proliferation of EPCs under hypercholesterolemia. We employed oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to mimic hypercholesterolemia in bone marrow-derived EPCs from rat. Ox-LDL dose-dependently activated autophagy flux, while inhibiting EPC proliferation. Importantly, inhibition of autophagy either by silencing Atg7 or by 3-methyladenine treatment, further aggravated proliferative inhibition by ox-LDL, suggesting the protective effects of autophagy against ox-LDL. Interestingly, ox-LDL increased STIM1 expression and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Either Ca2+ chelators or deficiency in STIM1 attenuated ox-LDL-induced autophagy activation, confirming the involvement of SOCE in the process. Furthermore, CAMKK2 (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, β) activation and MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin [serine/threonine kinase]) deactivation were associated with autophagy modulation. Together, our results reveal a novel signaling pathway of SOCE-CAMKK2 in the regulation of autophagy and offer new insights into the important roles of autophagy in maintaining proliferation and promoting the survival capability of EPCs. This may be beneficial to improving EPC transplantation efficacy and enhancing vascular re-endothelialization in patients with hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jie Yu
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Dongdong Li
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Sanjiu Yu
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jingbin Ke
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Lianyou Wang
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Youzhu Qiu
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xubin Gao
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jihang Zhang
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Lan Huang
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
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Svobodova B, Groschner K. Reprint of "Mechanisms of lipid regulation and lipid gating in TRPC channels". Cell Calcium 2016; 60:133-41. [PMID: 27431463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
TRPC proteins form cation channels that integrate and relay cellular signals by mechanisms involving lipid recognition and lipid-dependent gating. The lipohilic/amphiphilic molecules that function as cellular activators or modulators of TRPC proteins span a wide range of chemical structures. In this context, cellular redox balance is likely linked to the lipid recognition/gating features of TRPC channels. Both classical ligand-protein interactions as well as indirect and promiscuous sensory mechanisms have been proposed. Some of the recognition processes are suggested to involve ancillary lipid-binding scaffolds or regulators as well as dynamic protein-protein interactions determined by bilayer architecture. A complex interplay of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions is likely to govern the gating and/or plasma membrane recruitment of TRPC channels, thereby providing a distinguished platform for signal integration and coincident signal detection. Both the primary molecular event(s) of lipid recognition by TRPC channels as well as the transformation of these events into distinct gating movements is poorly understood at the molecular level, and it remains elusive whether lipid sensing in TRPCs is conferred to a distinct sensor domain. Recent structural information on the molecular action of lipophilic activators in distantly related members of the TRP superfamily encourages speculations on TRPC gating mechanisms involved in lipid recognition/gating. This review aims to provide an update on the current understanding of the lipid-dependent control of TRPC channels with focus on the TRPC lipid sensing, signal-integration hub and a short discussion of potential links to redox signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Svobodova
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Klaus Groschner
- Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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19
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Abstract
Mechanical forces will have been omnipresent since the origin of life, and living organisms have evolved mechanisms to sense, interpret, and respond to mechanical stimuli. The cardiovascular system in general, and the heart in particular, is exposed to constantly changing mechanical signals, including stretch, compression, bending, and shear. The heart adjusts its performance to the mechanical environment, modifying electrical, mechanical, metabolic, and structural properties over a range of time scales. Many of the underlying regulatory processes are encoded intracardially and are, thus, maintained even in heart transplant recipients. Although mechanosensitivity of heart rhythm has been described in the medical literature for over a century, its molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Thanks to modern biophysical and molecular technologies, the roles of mechanical forces in cardiac biology are being explored in more detail, and detailed mechanisms of mechanotransduction have started to emerge. Mechano-gated ion channels are cardiac mechanoreceptors. They give rise to mechano-electric feedback, thought to contribute to normal function, disease development, and, potentially, therapeutic interventions. In this review, we focus on acute mechanical effects on cardiac electrophysiology, explore molecular candidates underlying observed responses, and discuss their pharmaceutical regulation. From this, we identify open research questions and highlight emerging technologies that may help in addressing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Peyronnet
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., P.K.); Departments of Developmental Biology and Internal Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.M.N.); Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany (R.P., P.K.)
| | - Jeanne M Nerbonne
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., P.K.); Departments of Developmental Biology and Internal Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.M.N.); Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany (R.P., P.K.)
| | - Peter Kohl
- From the National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., P.K.); Departments of Developmental Biology and Internal Medicine, Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (J.M.N.); Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, University Heart Centre Freiburg/Bad Krozingen, Freiburg, Germany (R.P., P.K.).
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20
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Mechanisms of lipid regulation and lipid gating in TRPC channels. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:271-9. [PMID: 27125985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TRPC proteins form cation channels that integrate and relay cellular signals by mechanisms involving lipid recognition and lipid-dependent gating. The lipohilic/amphiphilic molecules that function as cellular activators or modulators of TRPC proteins span a wide range of chemical structures. In this context, cellular redox balance is likely linked to the lipid recognition/gating features of TRPC channels. Both classical ligand-protein interactions as well as indirect and promiscuous sensory mechanisms have been proposed. Some of the recognition processes are suggested to involve ancillary lipid-binding scaffolds or regulators as well as dynamic protein-protein interactions determined by bilayer architecture. A complex interplay of protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions is likely to govern the gating and/or plasma membrane recruitment of TRPC channels, thereby providing a distinguished platform for signal integration and coincident signal detection. Both the primary molecular event(s) of lipid recognition by TRPC channels as well as the transformation of these events into distinct gating movements is poorly understood at the molecular level, and it remains elusive whether lipid sensing in TRPCs is conferred to a distinct sensor domain. Recent structural information on the molecular action of lipophilic activators in distantly related members of the TRP superfamily encourages speculations on TRPC gating mechanisms involved in lipid recognition/gating. This review aims to provide an update on the current understanding of the lipid-dependent control of TRPC channels with focus on the TRPC lipid sensing, signal-integration hub and a short discussion of potential links to redox signaling.
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21
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Constantin B. Role of Scaffolding Proteins in the Regulation of TRPC-Dependent Calcium Entry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:379-403. [PMID: 27161237 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane ion channels, and in particular TRPC channels need a specific membrane environment and association with scaffolding, signaling, and cytoskeleton proteins in order to play their important functional role. The molecular composition of TRPC channels is an important factor in determining channel activation mechanisms. TRPC proteins are incorporated in macromolecular complexes including several key Ca(2 +) signaling proteins as well as proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal interactions, and scaffolding. Evidence has been provided for association of TRPC with calmodulin (CaM), IP3R, PMCA, Gq/11, RhoA, and a variety of scaffolding proteins. The interaction between TRPC channels with adaptor proteins, determines their mode of regulation as well as their cellular localization and function. Adaptor proteins do not display any enzymatic activity but act as scaffold for the building of signaling complexes. The scaffolding proteins are involved in the assembling of these Ca(2+) signaling complexes, the correct sub-cellular localization of protein partners, and the regulation of the TRPC channelosome. In particular, these proteins, via their multiple protein-protein interaction motifs, can interact with various ion channels involved in the transmembrane potential, and membrane excitability. Scaffolding proteins are key components for the functional organization of TRPC channelosomes that serves as a platform regulating slow Ca(2+) entry, spatially and temporally controlled [Ca(2+)]i signals and Ca(2+) -dependent cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Constantin
- Laboratory STIM, ERL-7368 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Bat. B36, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 86000, Poitiers, France.
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22
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Salvayre R, Negre-Salvayre A, Camaré C. Oxidative theory of atherosclerosis and antioxidants. Biochimie 2015; 125:281-96. [PMID: 26717905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial process that begins early in infancy and affects all the humans. Early steps of atherogenesis and the evolution towards complex atherosclerotic plaques are briefly described. After a brief history of the 'Lipid theory of atherosclerosis', we report the most prominent discoveries on lipoproteins, their receptors and metabolism, and their role in atherogenesis. The main focus is the 'oxidative theory of atherosclerosis', with emphasis on free radicals and reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and LDL oxidation, biological properties of oxidized LDL and their potential role in atherogenesis. Then, we report the properties of antioxidants and antioxidant systems and their effects in vitro, on cultured cells, in animal models and in humans. The surprising discrepancy between the efficacy of antioxidants in vitro and in animal models of atherosclerosis and the lack of protective effect against cardiovascular events and death in epidemiological study and clinical trials are discussed. In contrast, epidemiological studies seem to indicate that the Mediterranean diet may protect (in part) against atherosclerosis complications (myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death).
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Affiliation(s)
- R Salvayre
- Inserm UMR-1048, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Toulouse-Rangueil, University of Toulouse, France; CHU Rangueil, Avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - C Camaré
- Inserm UMR-1048, BP84225, 31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Toulouse-Rangueil, University of Toulouse, France; CHU Rangueil, Avenue Jean Poulhès, Toulouse, France
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Wan X, Chen Z, Choi WI, Gee HY, Hildebrandt F, Zhou W. Loss of Epithelial Membrane Protein 2 Aggravates Podocyte Injury via Upregulation of Caveolin-1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1066-75. [PMID: 26264854 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014121197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is a CKD defined by proteinuria with subsequent hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema caused by impaired renal glomerular filtration barrier function. We previously identified mutations in epithelial membrane protein 2 (EMP2) as a monogenic cause of this disease. Here, we generated an emp2-knockout zebrafish model using transcription activator-like effector nuclease-based genome editing. We found that loss of emp2 in zebrafish upregulated caveolin-1 (cav1), a major component of caveolae, in embryos and adult mesonephric glomeruli and exacerbated podocyte injury. This phenotype was partially rescued by glucocorticoids. Furthermore, overexpression of cav1 in zebrafish podocytes was sufficient to induce the same phenotype observed in emp2 homozygous mutants, which was also treatable with glucocorticoids. Similarly, knockdown of EMP2 in cultured human podocytes resulted in increased CAV1 expression and decreased podocyte survival in the presence of puromycin aminonucleoside, whereas glucocorticoid treatment ameliorated this phenotype. Taken together, we have established excessive CAV1 as a mediator of the predisposition to podocyte injury because of loss of EMP2, suggesting CAV1 could be a novel therapeutic target in nephrotic syndrome and podocyte injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wan
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Zhaohong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Won-Il Choi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Heon Yung Gee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland
| | - Weibin Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
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Kondratskyi A, Kondratska K, Skryma R, Prevarskaya N. Ion channels in the regulation of apoptosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2532-46. [PMID: 25450339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis, a type of genetically controlled cell death, is a fundamental cellular mechanism utilized by multicellular organisms for disposal of cells that are no longer needed or potentially detrimental. Given the crucial role of apoptosis in physiology, deregulation of apoptotic machinery is associated with various diseases as well as abnormalities in development. Acquired resistance to apoptosis represents the common feature of most and perhaps all types of cancer. Therefore, repairing and reactivating apoptosis represents a promising strategy to fight cancer. Accumulated evidence identifies ion channels as essential regulators of apoptosis. However, the contribution of specific ion channels to apoptosis varies greatly depending on cell type, ion channel type and intracellular localization, pathology as well as intracellular signaling pathways involved. Here we discuss the involvement of major types of ion channels in apoptosis regulation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Kondratskyi
- Inserm, U-1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Kateryna Kondratska
- Inserm, U-1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Roman Skryma
- Inserm, U-1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Natalia Prevarskaya
- Inserm, U-1003, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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25
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Stewart TA, Yapa KTDS, Monteith GR. Altered calcium signaling in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2502-11. [PMID: 25150047 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It is the nature of the calcium signal, as determined by the coordinated activity of a suite of calcium channels, pumps, exchangers and binding proteins that ultimately guides a cell's fate. Deregulation of the calcium signal is often deleterious and has been linked to each of the 'cancer hallmarks'. Despite this, we do not yet have a full understanding of the remodeling of the calcium signal associated with cancer. Such an understanding could aid in guiding the development of therapies specifically targeting altered calcium signaling in cancer cells during tumorigenic progression. Findings from some of the studies that have assessed the remodeling of the calcium signal associated with tumorigenesis and/or processes important in invasion and metastasis are presented in this review. The potential of new methodologies is also discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teneale A Stewart
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kunsala T D S Yapa
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gregory R Monteith
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Wang R, He W, Li Z, Chang W, Xin Y, Huang T. Caveolin-1 functions as a key regulator of 17β-estradiol-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in BT474 breast cancer cells. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:822-7. [PMID: 25017566 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) acts as a crucial regulator of cell growth by mediating autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Caveolin-1 plays a key role in carcinogenesis through its diverse roles in membrane trafficking, cholesterol transport and cellular signal transduction. However, it remains unknown as to how caveolin-1 is associated with E2-mediated autophagy and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. To resolve this issue, in the present study, we used the human breast cancer cell line, BT474, in which caveolin-1 is abundantly expressed. We demonstrated that treatment with E2 increased the expression of caveolin-1, high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and autophagy-related proteins [Beclin-1, light chain (LC3)-II and Atg12/5] in a time-dependent manner and inhibited the apoptosis of BT474 cells. Following the knockdown of caveolin-1 expression using small interfering RNA (siRNA), the expression of HMGB1, LC3-II and Atg12/5 was decreased, autophgosome formation was inhibited and apoptosis was induced; however, Beclin-1 expression was not affected. Furthermore, we knocked down HMGB1 to validate the role of HMGB1 in E2/caveolin‑1-regulated autophagy and apoptosis. Notably, the knockdown of HMGB1 decreased the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II and attenuated autophgosome formation and promoted apoptosis. Furthmore, caveolin-1 or HMGB1 knockdown markedly suppressed E2-induced cell growth. These results suggest that caveolin-1 is a positive regulator for E2-induced cell growth by promoting auptophagy and inhibiting apoptosis in BT474 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wenshan He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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27
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Fallah A, Pierre R, Abed E, Moreau R. Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced cytotoxicity in osteoblast-like MG-63 cells: involvement of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) channels. Mol Membr Biol 2014; 30:315-26. [PMID: 23964684 DOI: 10.3109/09687688.2013.828855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that patients suffering from atherosclerosis are predisposed to develop osteoporosis. Accordingly, atherogenic determinants such as oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) particles have been shown to alter bone cell functions. In this work, we investigated the cytotoxicity of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), a major phospholipid component generated upon LDL oxidation, on bone-forming MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Cell viability was reduced by lysoPC in a concentration-dependent manner with a LC50 of 18.7±0.7 μM. LysoPC-induced cell death was attributed to induction of both apoptosis and necrosis. Since impairment of intracellular calcium homeostasis is often involved in mechanism of cell death, we determined the involvement of calcium in lysoPC-induced cytotoxicity. LysoPC promoted a rapid and transient increase in intracellular calcium attributed to mobilization from calcium stores, followed by a sustained influx. Intracellular calcium mobilization was associated to phospholipase C (PLC)-dependent mobilization of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum since inhibition of PLC or calcium depletion of reticulum endoplasmic with thapsigargin prevented the calcium mobilization. The calcium influx induced by lysoPC was abolished by inhibition of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels with ruthenium red whereas gadolinium, which inhibits canonical TRP (TRPC) channels, was without effect. Accordingly, expression of TRPV2 and TRPV4 were shown in MG-63 cells. The addition of TRPV2 inhibitor Tranilast in the incubation medium prevent the calcium influx triggered by lysoPC and reduced lysoPC-induced cytotoxicity whereas TRPV4 inhibitor RN 1734 was without effect, which confirms the involvement of TRPV2 activation in lysoPC-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Fallah
- Laboratoire du Métabolisme Osseux, BIOMED, Département des Sciences Biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Ceramide mediates Ox-LDL-induced human vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82379. [PMID: 24358176 PMCID: PMC3865066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, and has been demonstrated as an actively regulated process resembling bone formation. Oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) has been identified as a regulatory factor involved in calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Additionally, over-expression of recombinant human neutral sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) has been shown to stimulate VSMC apoptosis, which plays an important role in the progression of vascular calcification. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ceramide regulates Ox-LDL-induced calcification of VSMCs via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Ox-LDL increased the activity of N-SMase and the level of ceramide in cultured VSMCs. Calcification and the osteogenic transcription factor, Msx2 mRNA expression were reduced by N-SMase inhibitor, GW4869 in the presence of Ox-LDL. Usage of GW4869 inhibited Ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in VSMCs, an effect which was reversed by C2-ceramide. Additionally, C2-ceramide treatment accelerated VSMC calcification, with a concomitant increase in ALP activity. Furthermore, C2-ceramide treatment enhanced Ox-LDL-induced VSMC calcification. Addition of caspase inhibitor, ZVAD-fmk attenuated Ox-LDL-induced calcification. Both Ox-LDL and C2-ceramide treatment increased the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Inhibition of p38 MAPK by SB203580 attenuated Ox-LDL-induced calcification of VSMCs. These data suggest that Ox-LDL activates N-SMase-ceramide signaling pathway, and stimulates phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, leading to apoptosis in VSMCs, which initiates VSMC calcification.
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Cai Z, Li F, Gong W, Liu W, Duan Q, Chen C, Ni L, Xia Y, Cianflone K, Dong N, Wang DW. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Participates in Aortic Valve Calcification in Hypercholesterolemic Animals. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:2345-54. [PMID: 23928865 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.300226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Cai
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
| | - Fei Li
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
| | - Wei Gong
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
| | - Wanjun Liu
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
| | - Quanlu Duan
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
| | - Chen Chen
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
| | - Li Ni
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
| | - Yong Xia
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
| | - Katherine Cianflone
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
| | - Nianguo Dong
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- From the Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital (Z.C., W.G., Q.D., C.C., L.N., D.W.W.), and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital (F.L., N.D.), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Medical College, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China (Z.C.); Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Molecular
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Stiber JA, Tang Y, Li T, Rosenberg PB. Cytoskeletal regulation of TRPC channels in the cardiorenal system. Curr Hypertens Rep 2013; 14:492-7. [PMID: 23054893 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-012-0313-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels have been implicated in several aspects of cardiorenal physiology including regulation of blood pressure, vasoreactivity, vascular remodeling, and glomerular filtration. Gain and loss of function studies also support the role of TRPC channels in adverse remodeling associated with cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. This review discusses TRP channels in the cardiovascular and glomerular filtration systems and their role in disease pathogenesis. We describe the regulation of gating of TRPC channels in the cardiorenal system as well as the influence on activation of these channels by the underlying cytoskeleton and scaffolding proteins. We then focus on the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of adverse cardiac remodeling and as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Stiber
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Larroque-Cardoso P, Swiader A, Ingueneau C, Nègre-Salvayre A, Elbaz M, Reyland ME, Salvayre R, Vindis C. Role of protein kinase C δ in ER stress and apoptosis induced by oxidized LDL in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e520. [PMID: 23449456 PMCID: PMC3734829 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
During atherogenesis, excess amounts of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) accumulate in the subendothelial space where they undergo oxidative modifications. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) alter the fragile balance between survival and death of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) thereby leading to plaque instability and finally to atherothrombotic events. As protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) is pro-apoptotic in many cell types, we investigated its potential role in the regulation of VSMC apoptosis induced by oxLDL. We found that human VSMC silenced for PKCδ exhibited a protection towards oxLDL-induced apoptosis. OxLDL triggered the activation of PKCδ as shown by its phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. PKCδ activation was dependent on the reactive oxygen species generated by oxLDL. Moreover, we demonstrated that PKCδ participates in oxLDL-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent apoptotic signaling mainly through the IRE1α/JNK pathway. Finally, the role of PKCδ in the development of atherosclerosis was supported by immunohistological analyses showing the colocalization of activated PKCδ with ER stress and lipid peroxidation markers in human atherosclerotic lesions. These findings highlight a role for PKCδ as a key regulator of oxLDL-induced ER stress-mediated apoptosis in VSMC, which may contribute to atherosclerotic plaque instability and rupture.
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Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels are the canonical (C) subset of the TRP proteins, which are widely expressed in mammalian cells. They are thought to be primarily involved in determining calcium and sodium entry and have wide-ranging functions that include regulation of cell proliferation, motility and contraction. The channels are modulated by a multiplicity of factors, putatively existing as integrators in the plasma membrane. This review considers the sensitivities of TRPC channels to lipids that include diacylglycerols, phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate, lysophospholipids, oxidized phospholipids, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, sphingosine-1-phosphate, cholesterol and some steroidal derivatives and other lipid factors such as gangliosides. Promiscuous and selective lipid sensing have been detected. There appear to be close working relationships with lipids of the phospholipase C and A2 enzyme systems, which may enable integration with receptor signalling and membrane stretch. There are differences in the properties of each TRPC channel that are further complicated by TRPC heteromultimerization. The lipids modulate activity of the channels or insertion in the plasma membrane. Lipid microenvironments and intermediate sensing proteins have been described that include caveolae, G protein signalling, SEC14-like and spectrin-type domains 1 (SESTD1) and podocin. The data suggest that lipid sensing is an important aspect of TRPC channel biology enabling integration with other signalling systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. J. Beech
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Membrane and Systems Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Lipids in autophagy: constituents, signaling molecules and cargo with relevance to disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:1133-45. [PMID: 22269166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The balance between protein and lipid biosynthesis and their eventual degradation is a critical component of cellular health. Autophagy, the catabolic process by which cytoplasmic material becomes degraded in lysosomes, can be induced by various physiological stimuli to maintain cellular homeostasis. Autophagy was for a long time considered a non-selective bulk process, but recent data have shown that unwanted components such as aberrant protein aggregates, dysfunctional organelles and invading pathogens can be selectively eliminated by autophagy. Recently, also intracellular lipid droplets were described as specific autophagic cargo, indicating that autophagy plays a role in lipid metabolism and storage (Singh et al., 2009 [1]). Moreover, over the past several years, it has become increasingly evident that lipids and lipid-modifying enzymes play important roles in the autophagy process itself, both at the level of regulation of autophagy and as membrane constituents required for formation of autophagic vesicles. In this review, we will discuss the interplay between lipids and autophagy, as well as the role of lipid-binding proteins in autophagy. We also comment on the possible implications of this mutual interaction in the context of disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipids and Vesicular Transport.
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Rosenhouse‐Dantsker A, Mehta D, Levitan I. Regulation of Ion Channels by Membrane Lipids. Compr Physiol 2012; 2:31-68. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c110001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mackrill JJ. Oxysterols and calcium signal transduction. Chem Phys Lipids 2011; 164:488-95. [PMID: 21513705 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2011.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Ionised calcium (Ca(2+)) is a key second messenger, regulating almost every cellular process from cell death to muscle contraction. Cytosolic levels of this ion can be increased via gating of channel proteins located in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and other membrane-delimited organelles. Ca(2+) can be removed from cells by extrusion across the plasma membrane, uptake into organelles and buffering by anionic components. Ca(2+) channels and extrusion mechanisms work in concert to generate diverse spatiotemporal patterns of this second messenger, the distinct profiles of which determine different cellular outcomes. Increases in cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration are one of the most rapid cellular responses upon exposure to certain oxysterol congeners or to oxidised low-density lipoprotein, occurring within seconds of addition and preceding increases in levels of reactive oxygen species, or changes in gene expression. Furthermore, exposure of cells to oxysterols for periods of hours to days modulates Ca(2+) signal transduction, with these longer-term alterations in cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis potentially underlying pathological events within atherosclerotic lesions, such as hyporeactivity to vasoconstrictors observed in vascular smooth muscle, or ER stress-induced cell death in macrophages. Despite their candidate roles in physiology and disease, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that couple changes in oxysterol concentrations to alterations in Ca(2+) signalling. This review examines the ways in which oxysterols could influence Ca(2+) signal transduction and the potential roles of this in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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36
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HDLs inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagic response induced by oxidized LDLs. Cell Death Differ 2010; 18:817-28. [PMID: 21113143 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2010.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The apoptotic effect of oxidized LDLs (oxLDLs) is mediated through a complex sequence of signaling events involving a deregulation of the cytosolic Ca(2+) homeostasis. OxLDLs also trigger ER stress that may lead to cellular dysfunction and apoptosis, through the activation of the IRE1α/c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Moreover, ER stress and oxidized lipids have been shown to trigger autophagy. The antiatherogenic high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) display protective effects against oxLDLs toxicity. To more deeply investigate the mechanisms mediating the protective effects of HDLs, we examined whether ER stress and autophagy were implicated in oxLDLs-induced apoptosis and whether HDLs prevented these stress processes. We report that, in human endothelial cells, HDLs prevent the oxLDL-induced activation of the ER stress sensors IRE1α, eIF2α and ATF6 and subsequent activation of the proapoptotic mediators JNK and CHOP. OxLDLs also trigger the activation of autophagy, as assessed by LC3 processing and Beclin-1 expression. The autophagic process is independent of the proapoptotic arms of ER stress, but Beclin-1 contributes to PS exposure and subsequent phagocytosis of oxLDLs exposed cells. Induction of autophagy and PS exposure by oxLDLs is prevented by HDLs. Finally, the cytosolic Ca(2+) deregulation triggered by oxLDLs is a common signaling pathway that mediates ER stress-induced cell death and autophagy, all these events being blocked by HDLs.
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Rodríguez IR, Larrayoz IM. Cholesterol oxidation in the retina: implications of 7KCh formation in chronic inflammation and age-related macular degeneration. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:2847-62. [PMID: 20567027 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r004820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review will discuss the formation and potential implications of 7-ketocholesterol (7KCh) in the retina. 7KCh is a proinflammatory oxysterol known to be present in high amounts in oxidized LDL deposits associated with atheromatous plaques. 7KCh is generated in situ in these lipoprotein deposits where it can accumulate and reach very high concentrations. In normal primate retina, 7KCh has been found associated with lipoprotein deposits in the choriocapillaris, Bruch's membrane, and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In photodamaged rats, 7KCh has been found in the neural retina in areas of high mitochondrial content, ganglion cells, photoreceptor inner segments and synapses, and the RPE. Intermediates found by LCMS indicate 7KCh is formed via a free radical-mediated mechanism catalyzed by iron. 7KCh seems to activate several kinase signaling pathways that work via nuclear factor κB and cause the induction of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8. There seems to be little evidence of 7KCh metabolism in the retina, although some form of efflux mechanism may be active. The chronic mode of formation and the potent inflammatory properties of 7KCh indicate it may be an "age-related" risk factor in aging diseases such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's, and age-related macular degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio R Rodríguez
- Mechanisms of Retinal Diseases Section, Laboratory of Retinal Cell and Molecular Biology, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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38
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Abstract
A variety of ion channels, including members of all major ion channel families, have been shown to be regulated by changes in the level of membrane cholesterol and partition into cholesterol-rich membrane domains. In general, several types of cholesterol effects have been described. The most common effect is suppression of channel activity by an increase in membrane cholesterol, an effect that was described for several types of inwardly-rectifying K(+) channels, voltage-gated K(+) channels, Ca(+2) sensitive K(+) channels, voltage-gated Na(+) channels, N-type voltage-gated Ca(+2) channels and volume-regulated anion channels. In contrast, several types of ion channels, such as epithelial amiloride-sensitive Na(+) channels and Transient Receptor Potential channels, as well as some of the types of inwardly-rectifying and voltage-gated K(+) channels were shown to be inhibited by cholesterol depletion. Cholesterol was also shown to alter the kinetic properties and current-voltage dependence of several voltage-gated channels. Finally, maintaining membrane cholesterol level is required for coupling ion channels to signalling cascades. In terms of the mechanisms, three general mechanisms have been proposed: (i) specific interactions between cholesterol and the channel protein, (ii) changes in the physical properties of the membrane bilayer and (iii) maintaining the scaffolds for protein-protein interactions. The goal of this review is to describe systematically the role of cholesterol in regulation of the major types of ion channels and to discuss these effects in the context of the models proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Levitan
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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39
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Intricate interaction between store-operated calcium entry and calcium-activated chloride channels in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 661:31-55. [PMID: 20204722 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-500-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Ca(2+)-activated Cl-() channels (Cl(Ca)) represent an important excitatory mechanism in vascular smooth muscle cells. Active accumulation of Cl-() by several classes of anion transporters results in an equilibrium potential for this ion about 30 mV more positive than the resting potential. Stimulation of Cl(Ca) channels leads to membrane depolarization, which enhances Ca(2+) entry through voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and leads to vasoconstriction. Cl(Ca) channels can be activated by distinct sources of Ca(2+) that include (1) mobilization from intracellular Ca(2+) stores (ryanodine or inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [InsP(3)]) and (2) Ca(2+) entry through voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels or reverse-mode Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange. The present study was undertaken to determine whether Ca(2+) influx triggered by store depletion (store-operated calcium entry, SOCE) activates Cl(Ca) channels in rabbit pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle. Classical store depletion protocols involving block of sarcoplasmic reticular Ca(2+) reuptake with thapsigargin (TG; 1 microM) or cyclopiazonic acid (CPA; 30 microM) led to a consistent nifedipine-insensitive contraction of intact PA rings and rise in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration in single PA myocytes that required the presence of extracellular Ca(2+). In patch clamp experiments, TG or CPA activated a time-independent nonselective cation current (I (SOC)) that (1) reversed between -10 and 0 mV; (2) displayed the typical "N"-shaped current-voltage relationship; and (3) was sensitive to the (I (SOC)) blocker by SKF-96365 (50 microM). In double-pulse protocol experiments, the amplitude of I (SOC) was varied by altering membrane potential during an initial step that was followed by a second constant step to +90 mV to register Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) current, I (Cl(Ca)). The niflumic acid-sensitive time-dependent I (Cl(Ca)) at +90 mV increased in proportion to the magnitude of the preceding hyperpolarizing step, an effect attributed to graded membrane potential-dependent Ca(2+) entry through I (SOC) and confirmed in dual patch clamp and Fluo-5 experiments to record membrane current and free intracellular Ca(2+) concentration simultaneously. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments confirmed the expression of several molecular determinants of SOCE, including transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 1, TRPC4, and TRPC6; stromal interacting molecule (STIM) 1 and 2; and Orai1 and 2, as well as the novel and probable molecular candidates thought to encode for Cl(Ca) channels transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) Anoctamin 1 (ANO1) and B (ANO2). Ourpreliminary investigation provides new evidence for a Ca(2+) entry pathway consistent with store-operated Ca(2+) entry signaling that can activate Ca(2+)-activated Cl-() channels in rabbit PA myocytes. We hypothesize that this mechanism may be important in the regulation of membrane potential, Ca(2+) influx, and tone in these cells under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Beech DJ, Bahnasi YM, Dedman AM, Al-Shawaf E. TRPC channel lipid specificity and mechanisms of lipid regulation. Cell Calcium 2009; 45:583-8. [PMID: 19324410 PMCID: PMC3878645 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 02/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
TRPC channels are a subset of the transient receptor potential (TRP) proteins widely expressed in mammalian cells. They are thought to be primarily involved in determining calcium or sodium entry and have broad-ranging functions that include regulation of cell proliferation, motility and contraction. The channels do not respond to a single stimulator but rather are activated or modulated by a multiplicity of factors, potentially existing as integrators at the plasma membrane. This review considers the sensitivity of TRPCs to lipid factors, with focus on sensitivities to diacylglycerols, lysophospholipids, arachidonic acid and its metabolites, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), cholesterol and derivatives, and other lipid factors such as gangliosides. Promiscuous and selective lipid-sensing are apparent. In many cases the lipids stimulate channel function or increase insertion of channels in the membrane. Both direct and indirect (receptor-dependent) lipid effects are evident. Although information is limited, the lipid profiles are consistent with TRPCs having close working relationships with phospholipase C and A2 enzymes. We need much more information about lipid-sensing by TRPCs if we are to fully appreciate its significance, but the available data suggest that lipid-sensing is a key, but not exclusive, aspect of TRPC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Beech
- Institute of Membrane & Systems Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, and Multidisciplinary Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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