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Li HY, Yan WX, Li J, Ye J, Wu ZG, Hou ZK, Chen B. Global research status and trends of enteric glia: a bibliometric analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1403767. [PMID: 38855748 PMCID: PMC11157232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1403767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Enteric glia are essential components of the enteric nervous system. Previously believed to have a passive structural function, mounting evidence now suggests that these cells are indispensable for maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis and exert pivotal influences on both wellbeing and pathological conditions. This study aimed to investigate the global status, research hotspots, and future directions of enteric glia. Methods The literature on enteric glia research was acquired from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer software (v1.6.19) was employed to visually represent co-operation networks among countries, institutions, and authors. The co-occurrence analysis of keywords and co-citation analysis of references were conducted using CiteSpace (v6.1.R6). Simultaneously, cluster analysis and burst detection of keywords and references were performed. Results A total of 514 publications from 36 countries were reviewed. The United States was identified as the most influential country. The top-ranked institutions were University of Nantes and Michigan State University. Michel Neunlist was the most cited author. "Purinergic signaling" was the largest co-cited reference cluster, while "enteric glial cells (EGCs)" was the cluster with the highest number of co-occurring keywords. As the keyword with the highest burst strength, Crohns disease was a hot topic in the early research on enteric glia. The burst detection of keywords revealed that inflammation, intestinal motility, and gut microbiota may be the research frontiers. Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of enteric glia research. EGCs have emerged as a crucial link between neurons and immune cells, attracting significant research attention in neurogastroenterology. Their fundamental and translational studies on inflammation, intestinal motility, and gut microbiota may promote the treatment of some gastrointestinal and parenteral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Yu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Li
- The First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Wu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Clinical Research Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Song F, Yang M, Chen C, Cui J, Xing M, Dai Y, Li M, Cao Y, Lu L, Zhu H, Liu Y, Ma C, Wei Q, Qin H, Li J. Gastrointestinal Dysmotility Predisposes to Colitis through Regulation of Gut Microbial Composition and Linoleic Acid Metabolism. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306297. [PMID: 38477534 PMCID: PMC11132037 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Disrupted gastrointestinal (GI) motility is highly prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but its potential causative role remains unknown. Herein, the role and the mechanism of impaired GI motility in colitis pathogenesis are investigated. Increased colonic mucosal inflammation is found in patients with chronic constipation (CC). Mice with GI dysmotility induced by genetic mutation or chemical insult exhibit increased susceptibility to colitis, dependent on the gut microbiota. GI dysmotility markedly decreases the abundance of Lactobacillus animlalis and increases the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. The reduction in L. animlalis, leads to the accumulation of linoleic acid due to compromised conversion to conjugated linoleic acid. The accumulation of linoleic acid inhibits Treg cell differentiation and increases colitis susceptibility via inducing macrophage infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression in macrophage. Lactobacillus and A. muciniphila abnormalities are also observed in CC and IBD patients, and mice receiving fecal microbiota from CC patients displayed an increased susceptibility to colitis. These findings suggest that GI dysmotility predisposes host to colitis development by modulating the composition of microbiota and facilitating linoleic acid accumulation. Targeted modulation of microbiota and linoleic acid metabolism may be promising to protect patients with motility disorder from intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhua Zhang
- Department of PathologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Feifei Song
- Department of PathologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Muqing Yang
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Chunqiu Chen
- Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen SurgeryShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Jiaqu Cui
- Department of Colorectal DiseaseShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Mengyu Xing
- Department of PathologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Yuna Dai
- Department of PathologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Man Li
- Department of PathologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of PathologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of PathologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Huiyuan Zhu
- Department of PathologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Chunlian Ma
- Department of Colorectal DiseaseShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of PathologyShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
| | - Jiyu Li
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai200072China
- Geriatric Cancer CenterHuaDong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan
UniversityShanghai200040China
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3
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Stavely R, Robinson AM, Fraser S, Filippone RT, Stojanovska V, Eri R, Apostolopoulos V, Sakkal S, Nurgali K. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells mitigate chronic colitis and enteric neuropathy via anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative mechanisms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6649. [PMID: 38503815 PMCID: PMC10951223 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often inadequate due to limited efficacy and toxicity, leading to surgical resection in refractory cases. IBD's broad and complex pathogenesis involving the immune system, enteric nervous system, microbiome, and oxidative stress requires more effective therapeutic strategies. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) treatments in spontaneous chronic colitis using the Winnie mouse model which closely replicates the presentation and inflammatory profile of ulcerative colitis. The 14-day BM-MSC treatment regimen reduced the severity of colitis, leading to the attenuation of diarrheal symptoms and recovery in body mass. Morphological and histological abnormalities in the colon were also alleviated. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that BM-MSC treatment led to alterations in gene expression profiles primarily downregulating genes related to inflammation, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other biomarkers of inflammation. Further evaluation of immune cell populations using immunohistochemistry revealed a reduction in leukocyte infiltration upon BM-MSC treatment. Notably, enteric neuronal gene signatures were the most impacted by BM-MSC treatment, which correlated with the restoration of neuronal density in the myenteric ganglia. Moreover, BM-MSCs exhibited neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress-induced neuronal loss through antioxidant mechanisms, including the reduction of mitochondrial-derived superoxide and attenuation of oxidative stress-induced HMGB1 translocation, potentially relying on MSC-derived SOD1. These findings suggest that BM-MSCs hold promise as a therapeutic intervention to mitigate chronic colitis by exerting anti-inflammatory effects and protecting the enteric nervous system from oxidative stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ainsley M Robinson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Immunology Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samy Sakkal
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Enteric Neuropathy Lab, Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, St Albans, VIC, 3021, Australia.
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Wang B, Li T, Xu L, Cai Y. Protective effect of FKBP12 on dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice as a tacrolimus receptor. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38466901 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2320817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a multifactorial intestinal disease with a high incidence. In recent years, there has been an urgent need for pleiotropic drugs with a clear biosafety profile. Tacrolimus (TAC) is an immunosuppressant with stronger in vivo effects and better gastrointestinal absorption and is considered a potential treatment for UC. FKBP12 is a mediator of TAC immunosuppression; however, it is unclear whether it can participate in the development of UC in combination with TAC. The purpose of this study is to preliminarily validate the function of FKBP12 by establishing dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model and TAC treatment. The results revealed that TAC was effective in alleviating DSS-induced UC symptoms such as body weight and disease activity index (DAI). TAC significantly protects colonic tissue and attenuates DSS-induced histomorphological changes. In addition, FKBP12 is down-regulated in the intestinal tissue of DSS-induced UC mice and in serum samples of UC patients. In conclusion, our study revealed that FKBP12 may act as a TAC receptor to have anti-inflammatory and protective effects on DSS-induced UC in mice, which will provide a new option for the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tingzan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liqin Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxi Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, BenQ Medical Center, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Sanders KM, Drumm BT, Cobine CA, Baker SA. Ca 2+ dynamics in interstitial cells: foundational mechanisms for the motor patterns in the gastrointestinal tract. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:329-398. [PMID: 37561138 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00036.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract displays multiple motor patterns that move nutrients and wastes through the body. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) provide the forces necessary for GI motility, but interstitial cells, electrically coupled to SMCs, tune SMC excitability, transduce inputs from enteric motor neurons, and generate pacemaker activity that underlies major motor patterns, such as peristalsis and segmentation. The interstitial cells regulating SMCs are interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and PDGF receptor (PDGFR)α+ cells. Together these cells form the SIP syncytium. ICC and PDGFRα+ cells express signature Ca2+-dependent conductances: ICC express Ca2+-activated Cl- channels, encoded by Ano1, that generate inward current, and PDGFRα+ cells express Ca2+-activated K+ channels, encoded by Kcnn3, that generate outward current. The open probabilities of interstitial cell conductances are controlled by Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. The resulting Ca2+ transients occur spontaneously in a stochastic manner. Ca2+ transients in ICC induce spontaneous transient inward currents and spontaneous transient depolarizations (STDs). Neurotransmission increases or decreases Ca2+ transients, and the resulting depolarizing or hyperpolarizing responses conduct to other cells in the SIP syncytium. In pacemaker ICC, STDs activate voltage-dependent Ca2+ influx, which initiates a cluster of Ca2+ transients and sustains activation of ANO1 channels and depolarization during slow waves. Regulation of GI motility has traditionally been described as neurogenic and myogenic. Recent advances in understanding Ca2+ handling mechanisms in interstitial cells and how these mechanisms influence motor patterns of the GI tract suggest that the term "myogenic" should be replaced by the term "SIPgenic," as this review discusses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenton M Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
| | - Bernard T Drumm
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Caroline A Cobine
- Smooth Muscle Research Centre, Dundalk Institute of Technology, Dundalk, Ireland
| | - Salah A Baker
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, Nevada, United States
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6
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Werner CM, Willing LB, Goudsward HJ, McBride AR, Stella SL, Holmes GM. Plasticity of colonic enteric nervous system following spinal cord injury in male and female rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14646. [PMID: 37480186 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenic bowel is a dysmotility disorder following spinal cord injury (SCI) that negatively impacts quality of life, social integration, and physical health. Colonic transit is directly modulated by the enteric nervous system. Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) distributed throughout the small intestine and colon serve as specialized pacemaker cells, generating rhythmic electrical slow waves within intestinal smooth muscle, or serve as an interface between smooth muscle cells and enteric motor neurons of the myenteric plexus. Interstitial Cells of Cajal loss has been reported for other preclinical models of dysmotility, and our previous experimental SCI study provided evidence of reduced excitatory and inhibitory enteric neuronal count and smooth muscle neural control. METHODS Immunohistochemistry for the ICC-specific marker c-Kit was utilized to examine neuromuscular remodeling of the distal colon in male and female rats with experimental SCI. KEY RESULTS Myenteric plexus ICC (ICC-MP) exhibited increased cell counts 3 days following SCI in male rats, but did not significantly increase in females until 3 weeks after SCI. On average, ICC-MP total primary arborization length increased significantly in male rats at 3-day, 3-week, and 6-week time points, whereas in females, this increase occurred most frequently at 6 weeks post-SCI. Conversely, circular muscle ICC (ICC-CM) did not demonstrate post-SCI changes. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES These data demonstrate resiliency of the ICC-MP in neurogenic bowel following SCI, unlike seen in other related disease states. This plasticity underscores the need to further understand neuromuscular changes driving colonic dysmotility after SCI in order to advance therapeutic targets for neurogenic bowel treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Werner
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lisa B Willing
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hannah J Goudsward
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amanda R McBride
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Salvatore L Stella
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory M Holmes
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
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7
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Sahakian L, Robinson AM, Sahakian L, Stavely R, Kelley MR, Nurgali K. APE1/Ref-1 as a Therapeutic Target for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1569. [PMID: 38002251 PMCID: PMC10669584 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of IBD is increasing with approximately 4.9 million cases reported worldwide. Current therapies are limited due to the severity of side effects and long-term toxicity, therefore, the development of novel IBD treatments is necessitated. Recent findings support apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/reduction-oxidation factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) as a target in many pathological conditions, including inflammatory diseases, where APE1/Ref-1 regulation of crucial transcription factors impacts significant pathways. Thus, a potential target for a novel IBD therapy is the redox activity of the multifunctional protein APE1/Ref-1. This review elaborates on the status of conventional IBD treatments, the role of an APE1/Ref-1 in intestinal inflammation, and the potential of a small molecule inhibitor of APE1/Ref-1 redox activity to modulate inflammation, oxidative stress response, and enteric neuronal damage in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sahakian
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Ainsley M. Robinson
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
| | - Linda Sahakian
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mark R. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health & Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia; (L.S.); (A.M.R.)
- Department of Medicine Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (L.S.); (R.S.)
- Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia
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8
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Choi EL, Taheri N, Tan E, Matsumoto K, Hayashi Y. The Crucial Role of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Neurointestinal Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1358. [PMID: 37759758 PMCID: PMC10526372 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurointestinal diseases result from dysregulated interactions between the nervous system and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, leading to conditions such as Hirschsprung's disease and irritable bowel syndrome. These disorders affect many people, significantly diminishing their quality of life and overall health. Central to GI motility are the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which play a key role in muscle contractions and neuromuscular transmission. This review highlights the role of ICC in neurointestinal diseases, revealing their association with various GI ailments. Understanding the functions of the ICC could lead to innovative perspectives on the modulation of GI motility and introduce new therapeutic paradigms. These insights have the potential to enhance efforts to combat neurointestinal diseases and may lead to interventions that could alleviate or even reverse these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egan L. Choi
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Guggenheim 10, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (E.L.C.); (N.T.)
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Negar Taheri
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Guggenheim 10, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (E.L.C.); (N.T.)
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Elijah Tan
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Guggenheim 10, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (E.L.C.); (N.T.)
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto 610-0395, Japan;
| | - Yujiro Hayashi
- Enteric Neuroscience Program and Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Guggenheim 10, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (E.L.C.); (N.T.)
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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9
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Le Berre C, Naveilhan P, Rolli-Derkinderen M. Enteric glia at center stage of inflammatory bowel disease. Neurosci Lett 2023; 809:137315. [PMID: 37257681 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although our understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing, the expanding body of knowledge does not simplify the equation but rather reveals diverse, interconnected, and complex mechanisms in IBD. In addition to immune overactivation, defects in intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) functioning, dysbiosis, and structural and functional abnormalities of the enteric nervous system are emerging as new elements contributing to the development of IBD. In addition to molecular changes in IBD, enteric glia from patients with Crohn's disease (CD) exhibits the inability to strengthen the IEB; these defects are not observed in patients with ulcerative colitis. In addition, there is a growing body of work describing that enteric glia interacts with not only enterocytes and enteric neurons but also other local cellular neighbours. Thus, because of their functions as connectors and regulators of immune cells, IEB, and microbiota, enteric glia could be the keystone of digestive homeostasis that is lacking in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Le Berre
- Hépato-Gastro-Entérologie et Assistance Nutritionnelle, Inserm CIC 1413, Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif (IMAD), CHU Nantes, 1 place Alexis Ricordeau, F-44000 Nantes, France; Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Naveilhan
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, IMAD, 1 rue Gaston Veil, 44035 Nantes Cedex 1, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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10
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Bai X, Mei L, Shi Y, Huang H, Guo Y, Liang C, Yang M, Wu R, Zhang Y, Chen Q. The Cellular Mechanism of Acupuncture for Ulcerative Colitis based on the Communication of Telocytes. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1190-1204. [PMID: 37749671 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture can ameliorate or treat diseases according to the meridian theory in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM); however, its mechanism has not been scientifically clarified. On the other hand, telocytes (TCs) are morphologically in accordance with the meridian system, which needs further cytological investigations and acupuncture confirmation. The present study showed that acupuncture could activate TCs in several ways, alleviating rabbit ulcerative colitis. TCs could cytologically communicate the acupoints, the acupuncture sites in skin with their corresponding large intestine by TC homo-cellular junctions, exosomes around TCs, and TC-mediated nerves or blood vessels. TCs expressed transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4, the mechanosensitive channel protein that can transduce the mechanical stimulation of acupuncture into biochemical signals transferring along the extremely thin and long TCs. Collectively, a cellular mechanism diagram of acupuncture was concluded based on TC characteristics. Those results also confirmed the viewpoint that TCs were the key cells of meridian essence in TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Bai
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Lu Mei
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yonghong Shi
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai Veterinary Institute, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Haixiang Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yanna Guo
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Chunhua Liang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Min Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Ruizhi Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Qiusheng Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
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11
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a vital organ that digests food, absorbs nutrients, and excretes waste. Normal GI motility is the basis for these functions. The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the GI muscularis layer promote GI motility together with the enteric nervous system and smooth muscle cells. Since GI motility results from complex coordination of these heterogeneous cells, failure of any one of them can lead to GI dysmotility. Knowledge about ICC in physiological conditions has accumulated in recent decades, while the pathophysiology of ICC in GI inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, is not well understood. In this review, we summarize the previous studies about the pathophysiological changes of ICC in inflammatory diseases and discuss the inflammatory mediators that induce ICC dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kaji
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary
Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara-shi, Kanagawa 252-5201,
Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of
Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
113-8657, Japan
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12
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Altered functional responses by PAR1 agonist in murine dextran sodium sulphate-treated colon. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16746. [PMID: 36202914 PMCID: PMC9537183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) is highly expressed in murine colonic smooth muscles. Responses to PAR1 activation are complex and result from responses in multiple cell types. We investigated whether PAR1 responses are altered in inflamed colon induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treatment. Colitis was induced in C57BL/6 mice by administration of 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days. Measurements of isometric force, transmembrane potentials from impaled smooth muscle cells, quantitative PCR and Western blots were performed. Thrombin, an activator of PAR1, caused transient hyperpolarization and relaxation of untreated colons, but these responses decreased in DSS-treated colons. Apamin caused depolarization and increased contractions of muscles from untreated mice. This response was decreased in DSS-treated colons. Expression of Kcnn3 and Pdgfra also decreased in DSS-treated muscles. A second phase of thrombin responses is depolarization and increased contractions in untreated muscles. However, thrombin did cause depolarization in DSS-treated colon, yet it increased colonic contractions. The latter effect was associated with enhanced expression of MYPT1 and CPI-17. The propagation velocity and frequency of colonic migrating motor complexes in DSS-treated colon was significantly higher compared to control colons. In summary, DSS treatment causes loss of transient relaxations due to downregulation of SK3 channels in PDGFRα+ cells and may increase contractile responses due to increased Ca2+ sensitization of smooth muscle cells via PAR1 activation.
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13
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Sood A, Singh A, Mahajan R, Midha V, Bernstein CN, Rubin DT. (Re)Appraising Remission in Ulcerative Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022:6653351. [PMID: 35917172 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
As the therapeutic targets in ulcerative colitis (UC) shift from control of symptoms to mucosal healing and prevention of disease complications like disability, colectomy, and cancer, the definition of remission has evolved. The current definition of clinical remission is variable and is determined by the clinical context in which it is being used. This results in skepticism and uncertainty about the true meaning of the term "clinical remission." In this review, the authors reexamine the definition of clinical remission and propose a novel approach to define remission in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Arshdeep Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Ramit Mahajan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Vandana Midha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- IBD Clinical and Research Centre and Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - David T Rubin
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Liu C, Yang J. Enteric Glial Cells in Immunological Disorders of the Gut. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:895871. [PMID: 35573829 PMCID: PMC9095930 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.895871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) are one of the major cell types of neural crest lineage distributed in the gastrointestinal tract. EGCs represent an integral part of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and significantly outnumber ENS neurons. Studies have suggested that EGCs would exert essential roles in supporting the survival and functions of the ENS neurons. Notably, recent evidence has begun to reveal that EGCs could possess multiple immune functions and thereby may participate in the immune homeostasis of the gut. In this review article, we will summarize the current evidence supporting the potential involvement of EGCs in several important immunological disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and autoimmune enteropathy. Further, we highlight critical questions on the immunological aspects of EGCs that warrant future research attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Yang
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15
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Krugliak Cleveland N, Torres J, Rubin DT. What Does Disease Progression Look Like in Ulcerative Colitis, and How Might It Be Prevented? Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1396-1408. [PMID: 35101421 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) has been characterized by inflammation limited to the mucosa. Although sustained and durable remission has been associated with mucosal healing, the recurrent phenomenon of persistent clinical disease activity despite mucosal healing has been observed in clinical practice and across pivotal trials. Over time, UC appears to confer an increased risk of progression, defined as changes of disease phenotype; adverse transmural effects on the bowel wall; increased risk of neoplasia development; worsening colorectal function; and increased risk of colectomy, hospitalizations, and other extraintestinal comorbidities. Although the treatment paradigm for Crohn's disease has shifted toward early aggressive intervention to prevent disease progression and irreversible bowel damage, such urgency in efforts to halt disease progression in UC have been largely overlooked. This review summarizes the multiple facets of UC contributing to a modified perception of the disease as a progressive one. We propose further study of the natural history and priorities for further treatment goals that include these considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joana Torres
- Gastroenterology Division, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Lisbon, Portugal; Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital da Luz, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David T Rubin
- University of Chicago Medicine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Chicago, Illinois.
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16
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Damião AOMC, Queiroz NSF. Medical Therapy in Chronic Refractory Ulcerative Colitis: When Enough Is Enough. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2022; 35:32-43. [PMID: 35069028 PMCID: PMC8763462 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in the management of ulcerative colitis (UC) in parallel with the evolution of therapeutic targets and novel biologics and small molecules, a subset of medically refractory patients still requires colectomy. Recent population-based studies demonstrate a trend toward a decrease in the rates of surgery for UC patients in the biological era, although the potential of disease modification with these agents is still debated. As the concept of irreversible bowel damage is underexplored in UC, refractory patients can be exposed to multiple treatments losing optimal timing for surgery and further developing complications such as dysplasia/cancer, dysmotility, microcolon, and other functional abnormalities. This review aims to discuss the concept of disease progression in UC, explore the limitations of medical treatment in refractory UC patients, and propose the application of a three-step algorithm that allows timely indication for surgery in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natália Sousa Freitas Queiroz
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil,Address for correspondence Natália Sousa Freitas Queiroz, MD, PhD Department of Gastroenterology, University of São Paulo School of MedicineSão Paulo 05403-000Brazil
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17
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Stavely R, Abalo R, Nurgali K. Targeting Enteric Neurons and Plexitis for the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 21:1428-1439. [PMID: 32416686 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200516173242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are pathological conditions with an unknown aetiology that are characterised by severe inflammation of the intestinal tract and collectively referred to as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Current treatments are mostly ineffective due to their limited efficacy or toxicity, necessitating surgical resection of the affected bowel. The management of IBD is hindered by a lack of prognostic markers for clinical inflammatory relapse. Intestinal inflammation associates with the infiltration of immune cells (leukocytes) into, or surrounding the neuronal ganglia of the enteric nervous system (ENS) termed plexitis or ganglionitis. Histological observation of plexitis in unaffected intestinal regions is emerging as a vital predictive marker for IBD relapses. Plexitis associates with alterations to the structure, cellular composition, molecular expression and electrophysiological function of enteric neurons. Moreover, plexitis often occurs before the onset of gross clinical inflammation, which may indicate that plexitis can contribute to the progression of intestinal inflammation. In this review, the bilateral relationships between the ENS and inflammation are discussed. These include the effects and mechanisms of inflammation-induced enteric neuronal loss and plasticity. Additionally, the role of enteric neurons in preventing antigenic/pathogenic insult and immunomodulation is explored. While all current treatments target the inflammatory pathology of IBD, interventions that protect the ENS may offer an alternative avenue for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Stavely
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), 28922 Alcorcón, Spain,Unidad Asociada I+D+i del Instituto de Química Médica (IQM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(CSIC), Madrid, Spain,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System NeuGut-URJC
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences,
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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18
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Tufvesson H, Dreja J, Ekberg O, Leander P, Månsson S, Ohlsson B. Quantified small bowel motility in patients with ulcerative colitis and gastrointestinal symptoms: a pilot study. Acta Radiol 2021; 62:858-866. [PMID: 32806922 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120946713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are common in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), even when the disease is in remission, possibly due to abnormalities in GI motility. Small bowel motility can be assessed globally and in specific intestinal regions during magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) using a displacement mapping technique. PURPOSE To investigate whether small bowel motility in MRE differs between patients with UC and controls, and if altered motility correlates with GI symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2016-2018, patients who were admitted for MRE, regardless of clinical indication, were consecutively invited to the study. Healthy volunteers were recruited. The participants completed a questionnaire regarding GI symptoms and relevant clinical data were reviewed in the medical records. The dynamic imaging series obtained during MRE were sent for motility mapping and a motility index (MI) was calculated in jejunum, ileum and terminal ileum in all participants. RESULTS In total, 224 patients and healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Fifteen were diagnosed with UC and 22 were considered healthy controls. In UC, the prevalence of GI symptoms was higher than in controls (P < 0.001), both in remission and in active disease. There was no correlation between GI symptoms and small bowel motility in UC. Jejunal motility was lower in UC than in controls (P = 0.049). CONCLUSION Jejunal motility is decreased in UC compared with healthy controls, but there is no relationship between small bowel motility and GI symptoms in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tufvesson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julia Dreja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Olle Ekberg
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Peter Leander
- Department of Translational Medicine, Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sven Månsson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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19
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Maria-Ferreira D, Dallazen JL, Corso CR, Nascimento AM, Cipriani TR, da Silva Watanabe P, de Mello Gonçales Sant'Ana D, Baggio CH, de Paula Werner MF. Rhamnogalacturonan polysaccharide inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress and alleviates visceral pain. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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20
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Interstitial Cells of Cajal: Potential Targets for Functional Dyspepsia Treatment Using Medicinal Natural Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9952691. [PMID: 34306162 PMCID: PMC8263244 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9952691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia (FD) remains uncertain, but the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), pacemakers that regulate gastrointestinal motility, are garnering attention as key modulators and therapeutic targets in FD. This review comprehensively discusses the involvement of ICCs in the pharmacologic actions of FD and as therapeutic targets for herbal products for FD. Methods A search of the literature was performed using PubMed by pairing “interstitial cells of Cajal” with “medicinal plant, herbal medicine, phytotherapy, flavonoids, or traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).” Results From the 55 articles screened in the initial survey, 34 articles met our study criteria. The search results showed that herbal products can directly depolarize ICCs to generate pacemaker potentials and increase the expression of c-kit and stem cell factors, helping to repair ICCs. Under certain pathological conditions, medicinal plants also protect ICCs from oxidative stress and/or inflammation-induced impairment. Two representative herbal decoctions (Banhasasim-tang, 半夏泻心汤, and Yukgunja-tang, 六君子汤) have been shown to modulate ICC functions by both clinical and preclinical data. Conclusion This review strongly indicates the potential of herbal products to target ICCs and suggests that further ICC-based studies would be promising for the development of FD treatment agents.
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21
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Interaction between the Renin-Angiotensin System and Enteric Neurotransmission Contributes to Colonic Dysmotility in the TNBS-Induced Model of Colitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094836. [PMID: 34063607 PMCID: PMC8125095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) regulates colon contraction, acting not only directly on smooth muscle but also indirectly, interfering with myenteric neuromodulation mediated by the activation of AT1 /AT2 receptors. In this article, we aimed to explore which mediators and cells were involved in Ang II-mediated colonic contraction in the TNBS-induced rat model of colitis. The contractile responses to Ang II were evaluated in distinct regions of the colon of control animals or animals with colitis in the absence and presence of different antagonists/inhibitors. Endogenous levels of Ang II in the colon were assessed by ELISA and the number of AT1/AT2 receptors by qPCR. Ang II caused AT1 receptor-mediated colonic contraction that was markedly decreased along the colons of TNBS-induced rats, consistent with reduced AT1 mRNA expression. However, the effect mediated by Ang II is much more intricate, involving (in addition to smooth muscle cells and nerve terminals) ICC and EGC, which communicate by releasing ACh and NO in a complex mechanism that changes colitis, unveiling new therapeutic targets.
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22
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Acetylcholine ameliorates colitis by promoting IL-10 secretion of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells through the nAChR/ERK pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2017762118. [PMID: 33836585 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017762118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The alteration of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and its role in neuroimmune modulation remain obscure in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, by using the xCell tool and the latest immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional (3D) imaging of solvent-cleared organs technique, we found severe pathological damage of the entire ENS and decreased expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in IBD patients. As a result, acetylcholine (ACh), a major neurotransmitter of the nervous system synthesized by ChAT, was greatly reduced in colon tissues of both IBD patients and colitis mice. Importantly, administration of ACh via enema remarkably ameliorated colitis, which was proved to be directly dependent on monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs). Furthermore, ACh was demonstrated to promote interleukin-10 secretion of M-MDSCs and suppress the inflammation through activating the nAChR/ERK pathway. The present data reveal that the cholinergic signaling pathway in the ENS is impaired during colitis and uncover an ACh-MDSCs neuroimmune regulatory pathway, which may offer promising therapeutic strategies for IBDs.
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23
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Mijit M, Caston R, Gampala S, Fishel ML, Fehrenbacher J, Kelley MR. APE1/Ref-1 - One Target with Multiple Indications: Emerging Aspects and New Directions. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2021; 2:151-161. [PMID: 34557865 PMCID: PMC8457357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
In the realm of DNA repair, base excision repair (BER) protein, APE1/Ref-1 (Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1/Redox Effector - 1, also called APE1) has been studied for decades. However, over the past decade, APE1 has been established as a key player in reduction-oxidation (redox) signaling. In the review by Caston et al. (The multifunctional APE1 DNA repair-redox signaling protein as a drug target in human disease), multiple roles of APE1 in cancer and other diseases are summarized. In this Review, we aim to expand on the contributions of APE1 to various diseases and its effect on disease progression. In the scope of cancer, more recent roles for APE1 have been identified in cancer cell metabolism, as well as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) and inflammation. Outside of cancer, APE1 signaling may be a critical factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is also an emergent area of investigation in retinal ocular diseases. The ability of APE1 to regulate multiple transcription factors (TFs) and therefore multiple pathways that have implications outside of cancer, makes it a particularly unique and enticing target. We discuss APE1 redox inhibitors as a means of studying and potentially combating these diseases. Lastly, we examine the role of APE1 in RNA metabolism. Overall, this article builds on our previous review to elaborate on the roles and conceivable regulation of important pathways by APE1 in multiple diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Mijit
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rachel Caston
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Silpa Gampala
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Melissa L. Fishel
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jill Fehrenbacher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark R. Kelley
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 W. Walnut, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Mark R. Kelley;
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24
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Soleymani S, Moradkhani A, Eftekhari M, Rahmanian F, Moosavy SH. Correlation between Clinical Symptoms and Lab Tests with Endoscopic Severity Indexes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Middle East J Dig Dis 2020; 12:162-170. [PMID: 33062221 PMCID: PMC7548093 DOI: 10.34172/mejdd.2020.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) and the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS) are two validated endoscopic scoring system to evaluate patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We conducted this study to evaluate the correlation between clinical symptoms and lab tests with these indexes in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS In this analytical study, 373 consecutive patients referred to Shahid Mohammadi Hospital with IBD were enrolled. All patients underwent complete ileocolonoscopy, and the endoscopic severity indexes (CDEIS and UCEIS) were calculated, and their relation with clinical symptoms and lab tests was evaluated. RESULTS Fever observed only in six patients (1.6%). It was associated with significantly higher CDEIS and UCEIS (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively). Also, diarrhea was correlated with significantly higher UCEIS (p < 0.001). The mean fecal calprotectin was 647.64 ± 409.37 µg/g in CD and 567.30 ± 342.49 µg/g in UC patients. Higher calprotectin level was observed in patients with higher CRP level (p = 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) level, CDEIS, and UCEIS (r = 0.438; 0.473; and 0.517; respectively, all with p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study showed that although fever and diarrhea are associated with higher endoscopic severity scores in patients with IBD, no clinical symptom could reliably predict the endoscopic results, alone. Furthermore, higher fecal calprotectin level is associated with higher ESR and C reactive protein levels, CDEIS, and UCEIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Soleymani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Azadeh Moradkhani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | | | | | - Seyed Hamid Moosavy
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shahid Mohammadi Hospital, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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25
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Miller C, Emmanuel A, Zarate-Lopez N, Taylor S, Bloom S. Constipation in ulcerative colitis: pathophysiology and practical management. Frontline Gastroenterol 2020; 12:493-499. [PMID: 34712467 PMCID: PMC8515272 DOI: 10.1136/flgastro-2020-101566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical experience suggests that there is a cohort of patients with refractory colitis who do have faecal stasis that contributes to symptoms. The underlying physiology is poorly understood, partly because until recently the technology to examine segmental colonic motility has not existed. Patients are given little information on how proximal faecal stasis can complicate colitis. Treatment guidelines are scanty and many patients are offered little apart from laxatives and advice on increasing fibre intake, which often makes symptoms worse. This article aims to review the history, pathology and management, and create impetus for future research on this underappreciated condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Miller
- Gastroenterology Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anton Emmanuel
- Gastroenterology Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,University College London, London, UK
| | - Natalia Zarate-Lopez
- Gastroenterology Department, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stuart Taylor
- UCL Centre for Medical Imaging, Charles Bell House, 43-45 Foley street, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stuart Bloom
- University College London, London, UK,University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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26
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Sahakian L, Filippone RT, Stavely R, Robinson AM, Yan XS, Abalo R, Eri R, Bornstein JC, Kelley MR, Nurgali K. Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 Redox Signaling Alleviates Intestinal Dysfunction and Damage to Myenteric Neurons in a Mouse Model of Spontaneous Chronic Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 27:388-406. [PMID: 32618996 PMCID: PMC8287929 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associates with damage to the enteric nervous system (ENS), leading to gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Oxidative stress is important for the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced enteric neuropathy and GI dysfunction. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a dual functioning protein that is an essential regulator of the cellular response to oxidative stress. In this study, we aimed to determine whether an APE1/Ref-1 redox domain inhibitor, APX3330, alleviates inflammation-induced oxidative stress that leads to enteric neuropathy in the Winnie murine model of spontaneous chronic colitis. METHODS Winnie mice received APX3330 or vehicle via intraperitoneal injections over 2 weeks and were compared with C57BL/6 controls. In vivo disease activity and GI transit were evaluated. Ex vivo experiments were performed to assess functional parameters of colonic motility, immune cell infiltration, and changes to the ENS. RESULTS Targeting APE1/Ref-1 redox activity with APX3330 improved disease severity, reduced immune cell infiltration, restored GI function ,and provided neuroprotective effects to the enteric nervous system. Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox signaling leading to reduced mitochondrial superoxide production, oxidative DNA damage, and translocation of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) was involved in neuroprotective effects of APX3330 in enteric neurons. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to investigate inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox activity via APX3330 in an animal model of chronic intestinal inflammation. Inhibition of the redox function of APE1/Ref-1 is a novel strategy that might lead to a possible application of APX3330 for the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Sahakian
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhiannon T Filippone
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ainsley M Robinson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xu Sean Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Raquel Abalo
- Área de Farmacología y Nutrición y Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Química Médica (IQM) del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos (URJC), Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain,High Performance Research Group in Physiopathology and Pharmacology of the Digestive System at URJC, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- University of Tasmania, School of Health Sciences, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mark R Kelley
- Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Pediatrics, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Program in Pediatric Molecular Oncology & Experimental Therapeutics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, USA
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University; Western Centre for Health, Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,Address correspondence to: Kulmira Nurgali, Level 4, Research Labs, Western Centre for Health Research & Education, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, 3021, VIC, Australia. E-mail:
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D’Antongiovanni V, Pellegrini C, Fornai M, Colucci R, Blandizzi C, Antonioli L, Bernardini N. Intestinal epithelial barrier and neuromuscular compartment in health and disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1564-1579. [PMID: 32327906 PMCID: PMC7167418 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of digestive and extra-digestive disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases, irritable bowel syndrome, intestinal infections, metabolic syndrome and neuropsychiatric disorders, share a set of clinical features at gastrointestinal level, such as infrequent bowel movements, abdominal distension, constipation and secretory dysfunctions. Several lines of evidence indicate that morphological and molecular changes in intestinal epithelial barrier and enteric neuromuscular compartment contribute to alterations of both bowel motor and secretory functions in digestive and extra-digestive diseases. The present review has been conceived to provide a comprehensive and critical overview of the available knowledge on the morphological and molecular changes occurring in intestinal epithelial barrier and enteric neuromuscular compartment in both digestive and extra-digestive diseases. In addition, our intent was to highlight whether these morphological and molecular alterations could represent a common path (or share some common features) driving the pathophysiology of bowel motor dysfunctions and related symptoms associated with digestive and extra-digestive disorders. This assessment might help to identify novel targets of potential usefulness to develop original pharmacological approaches for the therapeutic management of such disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matteo Fornai
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa 56126, Italy
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Dangerous Liaison: Helicobacter pylori, Ganglionitis, and Myenteric Gastric Neurons: A Histopathological Study. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2019; 2019:3085181. [PMID: 32082967 PMCID: PMC7012220 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3085181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays a major role in development of gastric cancer. However, recent findings suggested that progression of inflammation and neoplastic transformation in H. pylori infection are more complex than previously believed and could involve different factors that modulate gastric microenvironment and influence host-pathogen interaction. Among these factors, gastric myenteric plexus and its potential adaptive changes in H. pylori infection received little attention. This study is aimed at identifying the impact of H. pylori-associated gastritis on number and morphology of nerve cells in the stomach. The distribution of density, inflammation, and programmed cell death in neurons was immunohistochemically assessed in full-thickness archival tissue samples obtained from 40 patients with H. pylori infection who underwent surgery for gastric cancer and were compared with findings on samples collected from 40 age- and sex-matched subjects without bacteria. Overall, significant differences were noted between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative patients. The analysis of tissue specimens obtained from those with infection revealed higher density and larger surface of the myenteric nervous plexus, as well as a significant increase in the number of gastric neuronal cell bodies and glial cells compared to controls. A predominant CD3-immunoreactive T cell infiltrate confined to the myenteric plexus was observed in infected subjects. The presence of mature B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils was also noted, but to a lesser extent, within the ganglia. Myenteric ganglionitis was associated with degeneration and neuronal loss. Our results represent the first histopathological evidence supporting the hypothesis that H. pylori-induced gastric inflammation may induce morphological changes in myenteric gastric ganglia. These findings could help gain understanding of some still unclear aspects of pathogenesis of H. pylori infection, with the possibility of having broader implications for gastric cancer progression.
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29
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Boschetti E, Malagelada C, Accarino A, Malagelada JR, Cogliandro RF, Gori A, Bonora E, Giancola F, Bianco F, Tugnoli V, Clavenzani P, Azpiroz F, Stanghellini V, Sternini C, De Giorgio R. Enteric neuron density correlates with clinical features of severe gut dysmotility. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 317:G793-G801. [PMID: 31545923 PMCID: PMC6962493 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00199.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms can originate from severe dysmotility due to enteric neuropathies. Current methods used to demonstrate enteric neuropathies are based mainly on classic qualitative histopathological/immunohistochemical evaluation. This study was designed to identify an objective morphometric method for paraffin-embedded tissue samples to quantify the interganglionic distance between neighboring myenteric ganglia immunoreactive for neuron-specific enolase, as well as the number of myenteric and submucosal neuronal cell bodies/ganglion in jejunal specimens of patients with severe GI dysmotility. Jejunal full-thickness biopsies were collected from 32 patients (22 females; 16-77 yr) with well-characterized severe dysmotility and 8 controls (4 females; 47-73 yr). A symptom questionnaire was filled before surgery. Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis coupled with Dunn's posttest and nonparametric linear regression tests were used for analyzing morphometric data and clinical correlations, respectively. Compared with controls, patients with severe dysmotility exhibited a significant increase in myenteric interganglionic distance (P = 0.0005) along with a decrease in the number of myenteric (P < 0.00001) and submucosal (P < 0.0004) neurons. A 50% reduction in the number of submucosal and myenteric neurons correlated with an increased interganglionic distance and severity of dysmotility. Our study proposes a relatively simple tool that can be applied for quantitative evaluation of paraffin sections from patients with severe dysmotility. The finding of an increased interganglionic distance may aid diagnosis and limit the direct quantitative analysis of neurons per ganglion in patients with an interganglionic distance within the control range.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Enteric neuropathies are challenging conditions characterized by a severe impairment of gut physiology, including motility. An accurate, unambiguous assessment of enteric neurons provided by quantitative analysis of routine paraffin sections may help to define neuropathy-related gut dysmotility. We showed that patients with severe gut dysmotility exhibited an increased interganglionic distance associated with a decreased number of myenteric and submucosal neurons, which correlated with symptoms and clinical manifestations of deranged intestinal motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Boschetti
- 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Malagelada
- 2Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Accarino
- 2Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R. Malagelada
- 2Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alessandra Gori
- 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Bonora
- 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorella Giancola
- 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianco
- 1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vitaliano Tugnoli
- 3Department of Biomedical and Neuro Motor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Clavenzani
- 4Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Ozzano, Italy
| | - Fernando Azpiroz
- 2Digestive System Research Unit, University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (Ciberehd), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Catia Sternini
- 5Digestive Disease Division, Departments of Medicine and Neurobiology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
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Mogilevski T, Burgell R, Aziz Q, Gibson PR. Review article: the role of the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis and therapy of IBD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2019; 50:720-737. [PMID: 31418887 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing body of evidence implicating a role for the brain-gut axis in the pathogenesis of inflammation in patients with IBD. AIMS To perform a narrative review of published literature regarding the association of the autonomic nervous system and intestinal inflammation and to describe the rationale for and emerging use of autonomic manipulation as a therapeutic agent METHODS: Current relevant literature was summarised and critically examined. RESULTS There is substantial pre-clinical and clinical evidence for a multifaceted anti-inflammatory effect of the vagus at both systemic and local intestinal levels. It acts via acetylcholine-mediated activation of α-7-acetylcholine receptors involving multiple cell types in innate and adaptive immunity and the enteric nervous system with subsequent protective influences on the intestinal barrier, inflammatory mechanisms and the microbiome. In patients with IBD, there is evidence for a sympatho-vagal imbalance, functional enteric neuronal depletion and hyporeactivity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Direct or transcutaneous vagal neuromodulation up-regulates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in pre-clinical and clinical models with down-regulation of systemic and local intestinal inflammation. This is supported by two small studies in Crohn's disease although remains to be investigated in ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS Modulating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway influences inflammation both systemically and at a local intestinal level. It represents a potentially underutilised anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategy. Given the likely pathogenic role of the autonomic nervous system in patients with IBD, vagal neuromodulation, an apparently safe and successful means of increasing vagal tone, warrants further clinical exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Mogilevski
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, London, UK.,Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rebecca Burgell
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Qasim Aziz
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Wingate Institute of Neurogastroenterology, London, UK.,Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Health, Melbourne, Australia
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31
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Fluxa D, Abreu MT. Therapeutic targets in inflammatory bowel disease. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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32
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Liu ZQ, Chen WF, Wang Y, Xu XY, Zeng YG, Lee Dillon D, Cheng J, Xu MD, Zhong YS, Zhang YQ, Yao LQ, Zhou PH, Li QL. Mast cell infiltration associated with loss of interstitial cells of Cajal and neuronal degeneration in achalasia. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13565. [PMID: 30868687 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achalasia is a motility disorder of unknown etiology. Previous studies supported the hypothesis that autoimmune-mediated inflammatory responses produce inhibitory neuronal degeneration. This study was designed to explore the role of mast cells in achalasia. METHODS We collected information from 116 patients with achalasia who underwent peroral endoscopic myotomy between December 2016 and May 2017. Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) muscle biopsy was performed in all patients with achalasia, as well as 20 control subjects. The number of mast cells, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs), nNOS-positive cells, and S-100-positive cells in the LES were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Pathological and clinical data were compared between groups. KEY RESULTS Compared with controls, the LES of patients with achalasia had significantly fewer ICCs, nNOS-positive cells, and S-100-positive cells and a higher number of mast cells (all P < 0.001). Furthermore, the increased mast cell infiltration was significantly associated with decreased ICCs, nNOS-positive cells, and S-100-positive cells in patients with achalasia (all P < 0.05). Clinically, the number of strongly positive mast cells was highest in patients with type I achalasia and lowest in those with type III achalasia (P < 0.001). In addition, patients with a history of autoimmune disease or viral infection had greater mast cell infiltration in the LES muscle (P = 0.040). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES In patients with achalasia, mast cell infiltration in the LES muscle is increased, in association with loss of ICCs and neuronal degeneration. Mast cells may thereby play a crucial role in the development of achalasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Qiang Liu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Feng Chen
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yue Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Gang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dustin Lee Dillon
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jing Cheng
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Dong Xu
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun-Shi Zhong
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Qun Zhang
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qing Yao
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Hong Zhou
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan-Lin Li
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lu C, Lu H, Huang X, Liu S, Zang J, Li Y, Chen J, Xu W. Colonic Transit Disorder Mediated by Downregulation of Interstitial Cells of Cajal/Anoctamin-1 in Dextran Sodium Sulfate-induced Colitis Mice. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 25:316-331. [PMID: 30982243 PMCID: PMC6474700 DOI: 10.5056/jnm18173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and their special calcium-activated chloride channel, anoctamin-1 (ANO1) play pivotal roles in regulating colonic transit. This study is designed to investigate the role of ICC and the ANO1 channel in colonic transit disorder in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated colitis mice. Methods Colonic transit experiment, colonic migrating motor complexes (CMMCs), smooth muscle spontaneous contractile experiments, intracellular electrical recordings, western blotting analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were applied in this study. Results The mRNA and protein expressions of c-KIT and ANO1 channels were significantly decreased in the colons of DSS-colitis mice. The colonic artificial fecal-pellet transit experiment in vitro was significantly delayed in DSS-colitis mice. The CMMCs and smooth muscle spontaneous contractions were significantly decreased by 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (NPPB), an ANO1 channel blocker, and NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase activity, in DSS-colitis mice compared with that of control mice. Intracellular electrical recordings showed that the amplitude of NPPB-induced hyperpolarization was more positive in DSS-colitis mice. The electric field stimulation-elicited nitric-dependent slow inhibitory junctional potentials were also more positive in DSS-colitis mice than those of control mice. Conclusion The results suggest that colonic transit disorder is mediated via downregulation of the nitric oxide/ICC/ANO1 signalling pathway in DSS-colitis mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Lu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, South Renji Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyu Zang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Xin Hua Hospital, Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxie Xu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Colombel JF, Shin A, Gibson PR. AGA Clinical Practice Update on Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Expert Review. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17:380-390.e1. [PMID: 30099108 PMCID: PMC6581193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DESCRIPTION The purpose of this clinical practice update review is to describe key principles in the diagnosis and management of functional gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS The evidence and best practices summarized in this manuscript are based on relevant scientific publications, systematic reviews, and expert opinion where applicable. Best practice advice 1: A stepwise approach to rule-out ongoing inflammatory activity should be followed in IBD patients with persistent GI symptoms (measurement of fecal calprotectin, endoscopy with biopsy, cross-sectional imaging). Best practice advice 2: In those patients with indeterminate fecal calprotectin levels and mild symptoms, clinicians may consider serial calprotectin monitoring to facilitate anticipatory management. Best practice advice 3: Anatomic abnormalities or structural complications should be considered in patients with obstructive symptoms including abdominal distention, pain, nausea and vomiting, obstipation or constipation. Best practice advice 4: Alternative pathophysiologic mechanisms should be considered and evaluated (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, bile acid diarrhea, carbohydrate intolerance, chronic pancreatitis) based on predominant symptom patterns. Best practice advice 5: A low FODMAP diet may be offered for management of functional GI symptoms in IBD with careful attention to nutritional adequacy. Best practice advice 6: Psychological therapies (cognitive behavioural therapy, hypnotherapy, mindfulness therapy) should be considered in IBD patients with functional symptoms. Best practice advice 7: Osmotic and stimulant laxative should be offered to IBD patients with chronic constipation. Best practice advice 8: Hypomotility agents or bile-acid sequestrants may be used for chronic diarrhea in quiescent IBD. Best practice advice 9: Antispasmodics, neuropathic-directed agents, and anti-depressants should be used for functional pain in IBD while use of opiates should be avoided. Best practice advice 10: Probiotics may be considered for treatment of functional symptoms in IBD. Best practice advice 11: Pelvic floor therapy should be offered to IBD patients with evidence of an underlying defecatory disorder. Best practice advice 12: Until further evidence is available, fecal microbiota transplant should not be offered for treatment of functional GI symptoms in IBD. Best practice advice 13: Physical exercise should be encourage in IBD patients with functional GI symptoms. Best practice advice 14: Until further evidence is available, complementary and alternative therapies should not be routinely offered for functional symptoms in IBD. This Clinical Practice Update was produced by the AGA Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frederic Colombel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Andrea Shin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Peter R Gibson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Monash University and Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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5-Fluorouracil Induces Enteric Neuron Death and Glial Activation During Intestinal Mucositis via a S100B-RAGE-NFκB-Dependent Pathway. Sci Rep 2019; 9:665. [PMID: 30679569 PMCID: PMC6345953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36878-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer agent whose main side effects include intestinal mucositis associated with intestinal motility alterations maybe due to an effect on the enteric nervous system (ENS), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this report, we used an animal model to investigate the participation of the S100B/RAGE/NFκB pathway in intestinal mucositis and enteric neurotoxicity caused by 5-FU (450 mg/kg, IP, single dose). 5-FU induced intestinal damage observed by shortened villi, loss of crypt architecture and intense inflammatory cell infiltrate as well as increased GFAP and S100B co-expression and decreased HuC/D protein expression in the small intestine. Furthermore, 5-FU increased RAGE and NFκB NLS immunostaining in enteric neurons, associated with a significant increase in the nitrite/nitrate, IL-6 and TNF-α levels, iNOS expression and MDA accumulation in the small intestine. We provide evidence that 5-FU induces reactive gliosis and reduction of enteric neurons in a S100B/RAGE/NFκB-dependent manner, since pentamidine, a S100B inhibitor, prevented 5-FU-induced neuronal loss, enteric glia activation, intestinal inflammation, oxidative stress and histological injury.
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Resnikoff H, Metzger JM, Lopez M, Bondarenko V, Mejia A, Simmons HA, Emborg ME. Colonic inflammation affects myenteric alpha-synuclein in nonhuman primates. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:113-126. [PMID: 31123415 PMCID: PMC6511240 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s196552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) patients frequently present gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction that, in many cases, predates the onset of motor symptoms. In PD, the presynaptic protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) undergoes pathological changes, including phosphorylation and aggregation leading to the formation of Lewy bodies, which can be found in neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Inflammation has been proposed as a possible trigger of α-syn pathology. Interestingly, patients with inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, conditions associated with GI inflammation, are at higher risk of developing PD. Captive common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) develop colitis, providing a natural platform to assess the relationship between α-syn pathology and GI inflammation. Materials and Methods: Sections of proximal colon from marmosets with colitis (n=5; 5.3±2.3 years old; 4 male) and normal controls (n=5; 4.1±1.6 years old; 1 male) were immunostained against protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR), cluster of differentiation 3 (CD3), cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), α-syn, and serine 129 phosphorylated α-syn (p-α-syn). Immunoreactivity of each staining in the myenteric plexus was quantified using NIH ImageJ software. Results: Marmosets with colitis had significantly increased expression of inflammatory markers (HLA-DR, p<0.02; CD3, p<0.008), oxidative stress (8-OHdG, p<0.05), and p-α-syn (p<0.02) and decreased expression of α-syn (p<0.04) in the colonic myenteric ganglia compared to normal, healthy controls. Conclusion: Colonic inflammation is associated with changes in α-syn expression and phosphorylation in the myenteric plexus of common marmosets. Future evaluation of the vagus nerve and brain of animals with colitis will be key to assess the contribution of colitis-induced ENS α-syn pathology to PD-like pathology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Resnikoff
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeanette M Metzger
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mary Lopez
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Viktoriya Bondarenko
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andres Mejia
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Heather A Simmons
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Marina E Emborg
- Preclinical Parkinson's Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Correspondence: Marina E EmborgPreclinical Parkinson’s Research Program, Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1220 Capitol Court, Madison, WI53715, USATel +1 608 262 9714Fax +1 608 263 3524Email
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Filippone RT, Robinson AM, Jovanovska V, Stavely R, Apostolopoulos V, Bornstein JC, Nurgali K. Targeting eotaxin-1 and CCR3 receptor alleviates enteric neuropathy and colonic dysfunction in TNBS-induced colitis in guinea pigs. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13391. [PMID: 29968270 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of eosinophils is mediated by the chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3)-eotaxin axis. Increased expression of eotaxin and its receptor is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Activation of eosinophils causes the release of cationic proteins that are neurotoxic such as eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN). Damage to enteric neurons alters neurally controlled functions of the gut correlated with intestinal inflammation. We hypothesized that inhibition of the CCR3-eotaxin axis will prevent inflammation-induced functional changes to the gastrointestinal tract. METHODS Hartley guinea pigs were administered with trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS; 30 mg/kg in 30% ethanol) intrarectally to induce colitis. A CCR3 receptor antagonist (SB 328437 [SB3]) was injected intraperitoneally 1 hour postinduction of colitis. Animals were euthanized 7 days post-treatment and colon tissues were collected for ex vivo studies. The EDN-positive eosinophils in the colon, indicating eosinophil activation, were quantified by immunohistochemistry. Effects of SB3 treatment on gross morphological damage, enteric neuropathy, and colonic dysmotility were determined by histology, immunohistochemistry, and organ bath experiments. KEY RESULTS The number of EDN-positive eosinophils was significantly increased in the lamina propria in close proximity to myenteric ganglia in inflamed colon. The TNBS-induced inflammation caused significant damage to colonic architecture and inhibition of colonic motility. Treatment with SB3 antagonist attenuated inflammation-associated morphological damage in the colon, reduced infiltration of EDN-positive eosinophils and restored colonic motility to levels comparable to control and sham-treated guinea pigs. CONCLUSION & INFERENCES This is the first study demonstrating that inhibition of CCR3-eotaxin axis alleviates enteric neuropathy and restores functional changes in the gut associated with TNBS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Filippone
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - A M Robinson
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - V Jovanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - R Stavely
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - V Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - J C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, Melbourne University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - K Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Regenerative, Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Department of Medicine Western Health, Melbourne University, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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Prophylactic effect of Kudingcha polyphenols on oxazolone induced colitis through its antioxidant capacities. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Pochard C, Coquenlorge S, Freyssinet M, Naveilhan P, Bourreille A, Neunlist M, Rolli-Derkinderen M. The multiple faces of inflammatory enteric glial cells: is Crohn's disease a gliopathy? Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29517926 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00016.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gone are the days when enteric glial cells (EGC) were considered merely satellites of enteric neurons. Like their brain counterpart astrocytes, EGC express an impressive number of receptors for neurotransmitters and intercellular messengers, thereby contributing to neuroprotection and to the regulation of neuronal activity. EGC also produce different soluble factors that regulate neighboring cells, among which are intestinal epithelial cells. A better understanding of EGC response to an inflammatory environment, often referred to as enteric glial reactivity, could help define the physiological role of EGC and the importance of this reactivity in maintaining gut functions. In chronic inflammatory disorders of the gut such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, EGC exhibit abnormal phenotypes, and their neighboring cells are dysfunctional; however, it remains unclear whether EGC are only passive bystanders or active players in the pathophysiology of both disorders. The aim of the present study is to review the physiological roles and properties of EGC, their response to inflammation, and their role in the regulation of the intestinal epithelial barrier and to discuss the emerging concept of CD as an enteric gliopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Pochard
- Inserm, UMR1235 TENS, Nantes , France.,Nantes University , Nantes , France.,Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, IMAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes , France
| | - Sabrina Coquenlorge
- Inserm, UMR1235 TENS, Nantes , France.,Nantes University , Nantes , France.,Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, IMAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes , France
| | - Marie Freyssinet
- Inserm, UMR1235 TENS, Nantes , France.,Nantes University , Nantes , France.,Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, IMAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes , France
| | - Philippe Naveilhan
- Inserm, UMR1235 TENS, Nantes , France.,Nantes University , Nantes , France.,Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, IMAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes , France
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Inserm, UMR1235 TENS, Nantes , France.,Nantes University , Nantes , France.,Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, IMAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes , France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Inserm, UMR1235 TENS, Nantes , France.,Nantes University , Nantes , France.,Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, IMAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes , France
| | - Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen
- Inserm, UMR1235 TENS, Nantes , France.,Nantes University , Nantes , France.,Institut des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, IMAD, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Hôpital Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes , France
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Kaji N, Nakayama S, Horiguchi K, Iino S, Ozaki H, Hori M. Disruption of the pacemaker activity of interstitial cells of Cajal via nitric oxide contributes to postoperative ileus. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30. [PMID: 29542843 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) serve as intestinal pacemakers. Postoperative ileus (POI) is a gastrointestinal motility disorder that occurs following abdominal surgery, which is caused by inflammation-induced dysfunction of smooth muscles and enteric neurons. However, the participation of ICC in POI is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the functional changes of ICC in a mouse model of POI. METHODS Intestinal manipulation (IM) was performed to induce POI. At 24 h or 48 h after IM, the field potential of the intestinal tunica muscularis was investigated. Tissues were also examined by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopic analysis. KEY RESULTS Gastrointestinal transit was significantly decreased with intestinal tunica muscularis inflammation at 24 h after IM, which was ameliorated at 48 h after IM. The generation and propagation of pacemaker potentials were disrupted at 24 h after IM and recovered to the control level at 48 h after IM. ICC networks, detected by c-Kit immunoreactivity, were remarkably disrupted at 24 h after IM. Electron microscopic analysis revealed abnormal vacuoles in the ICC cytoplasm. Interestingly, the ICC networks recovered at 48 h after IM. Administration of aminoguanidine, an inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, suppressed the disruption of ICC networks. Ileal smooth muscle tissue cultured in the presence of nitric oxide donor, showed disrupted ICC networks. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The generation and propagation of pacemaker potentials by ICC are disrupted via nitric oxide after IM, and this disruption may contribute to POI. When inflammation is ameliorated, ICC can recover their pacemaker function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Nakayama
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Horiguchi
- Division of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - S Iino
- Division of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - H Ozaki
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Colombel JF, Keir ME, Scherl A, Zhao R, de Hertogh G, Faubion WA, Lu TT. Discrepancies between patient-reported outcomes, and endoscopic and histological appearance in UC. Gut 2017; 66:2063-2068. [PMID: 27590995 PMCID: PMC5749342 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Both endoscopy and histology may be included in the definition of mucosal healing in UC. This study aimed to establish the association between patient-reported outcomes, specifically symptom measures, and the presence of inflammation as measured by endoscopy and histology in UC. DESIGN Using patient data from an observational multicentre study of UC (n=103), rectal bleeding (RB) and stool frequency (SF) symptom subscores of the Mayo Clinic Score (MCS) were compared with the endoscopic subscore (MCSe) and histology. Faecal calprotectin and biopsy cytokine expression were also evaluated. RESULTS When identifying UC patients with inactive disease, RB scores were superior to SF scores and the combination (sensitivity/specificity: MCSe=0/1, RB 77%/81%, SF 62%/95%, RB+SF 54%/95%; MCSe=0, RB 87%/66%, SF 76%/83%, RB+SF 68%/86%). Across different definitions of mucosal healing (MCSe≤1; 0; or 0 plus inactive histology), a larger subset of patients reported increased SF (39%, 25% and 27%, respectively) compared with RB (24%, 13% and 10%). Faecal calprotectin and inflammatory cytokine expression were higher in patients with active disease compared with patients with mucosal healing, but there were no differences between patients using increasingly stringent definitions of mucosal healing. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopically inactive disease is associated with absence of RB but not with complete normalisation of SF. Achieving histological remission did not improve symptomatic relief. In addition, in these patients, higher inflammatory biomarker levels were not observed. These data suggest that non-inflammatory changes, such as bowel damage, may contribute to SF in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Frédéric Colombel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary E Keir
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Alexis Scherl
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rui Zhao
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gert de Hertogh
- Department of Morphology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - William A Faubion
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy T Lu
- Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, California, USA
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Vaes N, Lentjes MHFM, Gijbels MJ, Rademakers G, Daenen KL, Boesmans W, Wouters KAD, Geuzens A, Qu X, Steinbusch HPJ, Rutten BPF, Baldwin SH, Sharkey KA, Hofstra RMW, van Engeland M, Vanden Berghe P, Melotte V. NDRG4, an early detection marker for colorectal cancer, is specifically expressed in enteric neurons. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 28524415 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Promoter methylation of N-myc Downstream-Regulated Gene 4 (NDRG4) in fecal DNA is an established early detection marker for colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite its connection to CRC, NDRG4 is predominantly studied in brain and heart, with little to no knowledge about its expression or role in other organs. In this study, we aimed to determine the whole-body expression of NDRG4, with a focus on the intestinal tract. METHODS We investigated NDRG4 expression throughout the body by immunohistochemistry, Western Blotting and in situ mRNA hybridization using tissues from NDRG4 wild-type, heterozygous and knockout mice and humans. In addition, we explored cell-specific expression of NDRG4 in murine whole-mount gut preparations using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. KEY RESULTS NDRG4 is specifically expressed within nervous system structures throughout the body. In the intestinal tract of both mouse and man, NDRG4 immunoreactivity was restricted to the enteric nervous system (ENS), where it labeled cell bodies of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses and interconnecting nerve fibers. More precisely, NDRG4 expression was limited to neurons, as NDRG4 always co-localized with HuC/D (pan-neuronal marker) but never with GFAP (an enteric glial cell marker). Furthermore, NDRG4 was expressed in various neuropeptide Y positive neurons, but was only found in a minority (~10%) of neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES NDRG4 is exclusively expressed by central, peripheral and enteric neurons/nerves, suggesting a neuronal-specific role of this protein. Our findings raise the question whether NDRG4, via the ENS, an understudied component of the tumor microenvironment, supports CRC development and/or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vaes
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M H F M Lentjes
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M J Gijbels
- Departments of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Rademakers
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - K L Daenen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - W Boesmans
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience (LENS); Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K A D Wouters
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A Geuzens
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience (LENS); Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - X Qu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - H P J Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B P F Rutten
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S H Baldwin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - K A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - R M W Hofstra
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Rotterdam, EMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M van Engeland
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric Neuroscience (LENS); Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - V Melotte
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Rotterdam, EMC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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The role of enteric neurons in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:420-434. [PMID: 28847715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS) is the intrinsic neural network of the gastrointestinal tract, which is essential for regulating gut functions and intestinal homeostasis. The importance of the ENS is underscored by the existence of severe gastrointestinal diseases, such as Hirschsprung's disease and intestinal pseudo-obstruction, which arise when the ENS fails to develop normally or becomes dysregulated. Moreover, it is known that enteric neurons are involved in intestinal inflammation. However, the role of the ENS in colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis remains poorly understood, even though processes like perineural invasion and neoneurogenesis are important factors in CRC. Here we summarize how enteric neurons are affected during CRC and discuss the influence of enteric neurons, either direct or indirect, on the development and/or progression of CRC. Finally, we illustrate how the ENS could be targeted as a potential anti-cancer therapy, establishing the ENS as an integral part of the tumor microenvironment.
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Ibba-Manneschi L, Rosa I, Manetti M. Telocytes in Chronic Inflammatory and Fibrotic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 913:51-76. [PMID: 27796880 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-1061-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Telocytes are a peculiar stromal (interstitial) cell type implicated in tissue homeostasis and development, as well as in the pathophysiology of several disorders. Severe damage and reduction of telocytes have been reported during fibrotic remodeling of multiple organs in various diseases, including scleroderma, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and liver fibrosis, as well as in chronic inflammatory lesions like those of primary Sjögren's syndrome and psoriasis. Owing to their close relationship with stem cells, telocytes are also supposed to contribute to tissue repair/regeneration. Indeed, telocytes are universally considered as "connecting cells" mostly oriented to intercellular signaling. On the basis of recent promising experimental findings, in the near future, telocyte transplantation might represent a novel therapeutic opportunity to control the evolution of chronic inflammatory and fibrotic diseases. Notably, there is evidence to support that telocytes could help in preventing abnormal activation of immune cells and fibroblasts, as well as in attenuating the altered matrix organization during the fibrotic process. By targeting telocytes alone or in tandem with stem cells, we might be able to promote regeneration and prevent the evolution to irreversible tissue injury. Besides exogenous transplantation, exploring pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods to enhance the growth and/or survival of telocytes could be an additional therapeutic strategy for many disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Ibba-Manneschi
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Irene Rosa
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, 50134, Italy
| | - Mirko Manetti
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence, 50134, Italy.
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Nogueira LT, Costa DVS, Gomes AS, Martins CS, Silva AMHP, Coelho-Aguiar JM, Castelucci P, Lima-Júnior RCP, Leitão RFC, Moura-Neto V, Brito GAC. The involvement of mast cells in the irinotecan-induced enteric neurons loss and reactive gliosis. J Neuroinflammation 2017; 14:79. [PMID: 28388962 PMCID: PMC5384042 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-017-0854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The irinotecan (CPT-11) causes intestinal mucositis and diarrhea that may be related to changes in the enteric nervous system (ENS). In inflammatory condition, mast cells release a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators that can interact with the ENS cells. It has not been explored whether CPT-11 is able to alter the enteric glial and neuronal cell, and the role of mast cells in this effect. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of CPT-11 on the enteric glial and neuronal cells, as well as to study the role of mast cells in the CPT-11-induced intestinal mucositis. Methods Intestinal mucositis was induced in Swiss mice by the injection of CPT-11 (60 mg/kg, i.p.) once a day for 4 days following by euthanasia on the fifth day. To investigate the role of mast cells, the mice were pretreated with compound 48/80 for 4 days (first day, 0.6 mg/kg; second day, 1.0 mg/kg; third day, 1.2 mg/kg; fourth day, 2.4 mg/kg) to induce mast cell degranulation before the CPT-11 treatment. Results Here, we show that CPT-11 increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100β gene and S100β protein expressions and decreased HuC/D protein expression in the small intestine segments. Concomitantly, CPT-11 enhanced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression, associated with an increase in the total number macrophages (positive cells for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule, Iba-1) and degranulated mast cells in the small intestine segments and caused significant weight loss. The pretreatment with compound 48/80, an inductor of mast cells degranulation, significantly prevented these CPT-11-induced effects. Conclusions Our data suggests the participation of mast cells on the CPT-11-induced intestinal mucositis, macrophages activation, enteric reactive gliosis, and neuron loss. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0854-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila T Nogueira
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Deiziane V S Costa
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Antoniella S Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Conceição S Martins
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Angeline M H P Silva
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Juliana M Coelho-Aguiar
- Paulo Niemeyer Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto C P Lima-Júnior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Renata F C Leitão
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil
| | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Paulo Niemeyer Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gerly A C Brito
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Farias Delmiro street, Fortaleza, CE, 60430170, Brazil.
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46
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Esteban-Zubero E, López-Pingarrón L, Alatorre-Jiménez MA, Ochoa-Moneo P, Buisac-Ramón C, Rivas-Jiménez M, Castán-Ruiz S, Antoñanzas-Lombarte Á, Tan DX, García JJ, Reiter RJ. Melatonin's role as a co-adjuvant treatment in colonic diseases: A review. Life Sci 2016; 170:72-81. [PMID: 27919824 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is produced in the pineal gland as well as many other organs, including the enterochromaffin cells of the digestive mucosa. Melatonin is a powerful antioxidant that resists oxidative stress due to its capacity to directly scavenge reactive species, to modulate the antioxidant defense system by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and to stimulate the innate immune response through its direct and indirect actions. In addition, the dysregulation of the circadian system is observed to be related with alterations in colonic motility and cell disruptions due to the modifications of clock genes expression. In the gastrointestinal tract, the activities of melatonin are mediated by melatonin receptors (MT2), serotonin (5-HT), and cholecystokinin B (CCK2) receptors and via receptor-independent processes. The levels of melatonin in the gastrointestinal tract exceed by 10-100 times the blood concentrations. Also, there is an estimated 400 times more melatonin in the gut than in the pineal gland. Gut melatonin secretion is suggested to be influenced by the food intake. Low dose melatonin treatment accelerates intestinal transit time whereas high doses may decrease gut motility. Melatonin has been studied as a co-adjuvant treatment in several gastrointestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis. The purpose of this review is to provide information regarding the potential benefits of melatonin as a co-adjuvant treatment in gastrointestinal diseases, especially IBS, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Esteban-Zubero
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Laura López-Pingarrón
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Moisés Alejandro Alatorre-Jiménez
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Purificación Ochoa-Moneo
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Celia Buisac-Ramón
- Primary Care Unit, Sector Zaragoza III, Avenida San Juan Bosco 5, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Rivas-Jiménez
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Castán-Ruiz
- Primary Care Unit, Sector Zaragoza III, Avenida San Juan Bosco 5, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ángel Antoñanzas-Lombarte
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - José Joaquín García
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Zaragoza. Calle Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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47
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Reenaers C, Pirard C, Vankemseke C, Latour P, Belaiche J, Louis E. Long-term evolution and predictive factors of mild inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 51:712-9. [PMID: 26815198 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2015.1128965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are potentially progressive diseases. Few data are available on the prevalence and the factors associated with mild inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). AIM Our aim was to assess the natural history of mild CD and mild UC and to identify predictive factors of mild evolution over the long term. METHODS Retrospective study of IBD patients registered in the database of the university hospital CHU of Liège, Belgium. Mild CD was defined as an inflammatory luminal disease (no stricture, abdominal or perianal fistulae) requiring no immunomodulator (IM), anti-TNF and no surgery. Mild UC was defined as no requirement for IM, anti-TNF and no colectomy. RESULTS Four hundred and seventy-three CD and 189 UC were included (median follow-up: 13 and 11 years respectively). At 1 year, 147 patients had mild CD. At 5 years and the maximum follow-up, 56% and 13% patients still had mild CD, respectively. At 1 year, 142 patients had mild UC. At 5 years and the maximum follow-up, 72% and 44% still had a mild UC, respectively. Factors associated with long-term mild CD and UC were older age at diagnosis and absence of corticosteroids in the first year. In UC proctitis location was associated with mild UC. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, 90% of CD patients and 3/4 of UC with mild disease at 1 year lost their mild disease status over time. An old age at diagnosis was predictive of the persistence of a mild CD and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Reenaers
- a Gastroenterology Department , University Hospital of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - C Pirard
- a Gastroenterology Department , University Hospital of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - C Vankemseke
- a Gastroenterology Department , University Hospital of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - P Latour
- a Gastroenterology Department , University Hospital of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - J Belaiche
- a Gastroenterology Department , University Hospital of Liège , Liège , Belgium
| | - E Louis
- a Gastroenterology Department , University Hospital of Liège , Liège , Belgium
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48
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Ippolito C, Colucci R, Segnani C, Errede M, Girolamo F, Virgintino D, Dolfi A, Tirotta E, Buccianti P, Di Candio G, Campani D, Castagna M, Bassotti G, Villanacci V, Blandizzi C, Bernardini N. Fibrotic and Vascular Remodelling of Colonic Wall in Patients with Active Ulcerative Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2016; 10:1194-204. [PMID: 26995183 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjw076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intestinal fibrosis is a complication of inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. Although fibrostenosis is a rare event in ulcerative colitis [UC], there is evidence that a fibrotic rearrangement of the colon occurs in the later stages. This is a retrospective study aimed at examining the histopathological features of the colonic wall in both short-lasting [SL] and long-lasting [LL] UC. METHODS Surgical samples of left colon from non-stenotic SL [≤ 3 years, n = 9] and LL [≥ 10 years, n = 10] UC patients with active disease were compared with control colonic tissues from cancer patients without UC [n = 12] to assess: collagen and elastic fibres by histochemistry; vascular networks [CD31/CD105/nestin] by immunofluorescence; parameters of fibrosis [types I and III collagen, fibronectin, RhoA, alpha-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA], desmin, vimentin], and proliferation [proliferating nuclear antigen [PCNA]] by western blot and/or immunolabelling. RESULTS Colonic tissue from both SL-UC and LL-UC showed tunica muscularis thickening and transmural activated neovessels [displaying both proliferating CD105-positive endothelial cells and activated nestin-positive pericytes], as compared with controls. In LL-UC, the increased collagen deposition was associated with an up-regulation of tissue fibrotic markers [collagen I and III, fibronectin, vimentin, RhoA], an enhancement of proliferation [PCNA] and, along with a loss of elastic fibres, a rearrangement of the tunica muscularis towards a fibrotic phenotype. CONCLUSIONS A significant transmural fibrotic thickening occurs in colonic tissue from LL-UC, together with a cellular fibrotic switch in the tunica muscularis. A full-thickness angiogenesis is also evident in both SL- and LL-UC with active disease, as compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rocchina Colucci
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Mariella Errede
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Girolamo
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Virgintino
- Unit of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Erika Tirotta
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Gabrio Bassotti
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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49
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Kaji N, Horiguchi K, Iino S, Nakayama S, Ohwada T, Otani Y, Firman, Murata T, Sanders KM, Ozaki H, Hori M. Nitric oxide-induced oxidative stress impairs pacemaker function of murine interstitial cells of Cajal during inflammation. Pharmacol Res 2016; 111:838-848. [PMID: 27468647 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The pacemaker function of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) is impaired during intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study is to clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms of ICC dysfunction during inflammatory condition by using intestinal cell clusters. Cell clusters were prepared from smooth muscle layer of murine jejunum and treated with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide (IFN-γ+LPS) for 24h to induce inflammation. Pacemaker function of ICC was monitored by measuring cytosolic Ca(2+) oscillation in the presence of nifedipine. Treatment with IFN-γ+LPS impaired the pacemaker activity of ICC with increasing mRNA level of interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in cell clusters; however, treatment with these cytokines individually had little effect on pacemaker activity of ICC. Treatment with IFN-γ+LPS also induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in smooth muscle cells and resident macrophages, but not in ICC. Pretreatment with NOS inhibitor, L-NAME or iNOS inhibitor, 1400W ameliorated IFN-γ+LPS-induced pacemaker dysfunction of ICC. Pretreatment with guanylate cyclase inhibitor, ODQ did not, but antioxidant, apocynin, to suppress NO-induced oxidative stress, significantly suppressed the impairment of ICC function induced by IFN-γ+LPS. Treatment with IFN-γ+LPS also decreased c-Kit-positive ICC, which was prevented by pretreatment with L-NAME. However, apoptotic ICC were not detected in IFN-γ+LPS-treated clusters, suggesting IFN-γ+LPS stimulation just changed the phenotype of ICC but not induced cell death. Moreover, ultrastructure of ICC was not disturbed by IFN-γ+LPS. In conclusion, ICC dysfunction during inflammation is induced by NO-induced oxidative stress rather than NO/cGMP signaling. NO-induced oxidative stress might be the main factor to induce phenotypic changes of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Kaji
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Horiguchi
- Division of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, University of Fukui Faculty of Medical Sciences, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iino
- Division of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, University of Fukui Faculty of Medical Sciences, 23-3 Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Nakayama
- Department of Cell Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Ohwada
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuko Otani
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Firman
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenton M Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557-0357, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ozaki
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hori
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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50
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Margolis KG, Gershon MD. Enteric Neuronal Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation. Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:614-624. [PMID: 27450201 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted the importance of the two-way interaction between the nervous and immune systems. This interaction is particularly important in the bowel because of the unique properties of this organ. The lumen of the gut is lined by a very large but remarkably thin surface that separates the body from the enteric microbiome. Immune defenses against microbial invasion are thus well developed and neuroimmune interactions are important in regulating and integrating these defenses. Important concepts in the phylogeny of neuroimmunity, enteric neuronal and glial regulation of immunity, changes that occur in the enteric nervous system during inflammation, the fundamental role of serotonin (5-HT) in enteric neuroimmune mechanisms, and future perspectives are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara Gross Margolis
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 620 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael D Gershon
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 650 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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