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Hansson C, Hadžibajramović E, Svensson PA, Jonsdottir IH. Increased plasma levels of neuro-related proteins in patients with stress-related exhaustion: A longitudinal study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107091. [PMID: 38964018 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Exhaustion disorder (ED) is a stress-related disorder characterized by physical and mental symptoms of exhaustion. Recent data suggest that pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system are involved in the biological mechanisms underlying ED. The aims of this study were to investigate if plasma levels of neuro-related proteins differ between patients with ED and healthy controls, and, if so, to investigate if these differences persist over time. Using the Olink Neuro Exploratory panel, we quantified the plasma levels of 92 neuro-related proteins in 163 ED patients at the time of diagnosis (baseline), 149 patients at long-term follow-up (7-12 years later, median follow-up time 9 years and 5 months), and 100 healthy controls. We found that the plasma levels of 40 proteins were significantly higher in the ED group at baseline compared with the control group. Out of these, the plasma levels of 36 proteins were significantly lower in the ED group at follow-up compared with the same group at baseline and the plasma levels of four proteins did not significantly differ between the groups. At follow-up, the plasma levels of two proteins were significantly lower in the ED group compared with the control group. These data support the hypothesis that pathophysiological processes in the central nervous system are involved in the biological mechanisms underlying ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hansson
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Emina Hadžibajramović
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per-Arne Svensson
- Institute of Health and Care Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingibjörg H Jonsdottir
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Li Y, Wang L, He Y, Zhu S, He SC, Zhang XY. Genetic polymorphisms in the 5-HT and endocannabinoid systems moderate the association between childhood trauma and burnout in the general occupational population. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 134:111054. [PMID: 38879068 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.111054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interactions between the serotonin (5-HT) and endocannabinoid (eCB) systems have been reported in the psychopathology of stress-related symptoms, while their interplay in regulating the relationship between childhood trauma and burnout remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the interaction of childhood trauma with genetic polymorphisms in these two systems in predicting burnout. METHODS Burnout, childhood trauma, and job stress were assessed using rating scales in 992 general occupational individuals. Genetic polymorphisms including HTR2A rs6313, 5-HTT rs6354 and FAAH rs324420, were genotyped. Linear hierarchical regression analysis and PROCESS macro in SPSS were used to examine two- and three-way interactions. RESULTS There were significant interactions of job stress × HTR2A rs6313 and childhood abuse × FAAH rs324420 on reduced personal accomplishment. Moreover, we found significant three-way interactions of childhood abuse × FAAH rs324420 × HTR2A rs6313 on cynicism and reduced personal accomplishment, childhood abuse × FAAH rs324420 × 5-HTT rs6354 on emotional exhaustion, and childhood neglect × FAAH rs324420 × 5-HTT rs6354 on reduced personal accomplishment. These results suggest that the FAAH rs324420 A allele carriers, when with some specific genetic polymorphisms of 5-HT system, would show more positive associations between childhood trauma and burnout. CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms in the 5-HT and eCB systems may jointly moderate the impact of childhood trauma on burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Science, Ministry of Education, China; Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China; School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingyi He
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, OH, United States
| | - Shuanggen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen 518110, China.
| | - Shu-Chang He
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Healthy, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Hansson C, Zetterberg H, Snellman A, Blennow K, Jonsdottir IH. Biomarkers of brain injury in patients with stress-related exhaustion: A longitudinal study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 146:105929. [PMID: 36174450 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exhaustion Disorder (ED) is a stress-induced disorder, characterized by extreme fatigue, cognitive impairments, and intolerance to stress. These symptoms can be long-lasting, suggesting that the long-term stress may have initiated pathophysiological processes in the brains of patients with ED. The aims of the study were I) to investigate if plasma levels of neurofilament light (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau181) differ between patients with ED and healthy controls, and II) to investigate if these differences persist over time. METHOD Plasma NfL, GFAP and p-tau181 were quantified in 150 patients with ED at the time of diagnosis (baseline), 149 patients at long-term follow-up (7-12 years later, median follow-up time 9 years and 5 months), and 100 healthy controls. RESULTS Plasma levels of NfL and GFAP were significantly higher in the ED group at baseline compared with controls (mean difference of NfL 0.167, 95 % CI 0.055-0.279; mean difference of GFAP 0.132, 95 % CI 0.008-0.257), while p-tau181 did not differ between the groups. Plasma levels of NfL were significantly lower in the ED group at follow-up than in the same group at baseline (mean difference -0.115, 95 % CI -0.186-(-0.045)), while plasma levels of GFAP did not differ between the groups, and plasma levels of p-tau181 were significantly higher in the ED group at follow-up than in the same group at baseline (mean difference 0.083, 95 % CI 0.016-0.151). At follow-up, there were no significant differences between the ED group and the control group for any of the proteins. CONCLUSION Plasma levels of NfL and GFAP were increased in patients with ED during the first months of the disease, indicative of axonal and glial pathophysiological processes, but had normalized at long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hansson
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong
| | - Anniina Snellman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingibjörg H Jonsdottir
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Li Y, Xue T, Jin J, Wu HE, Dong Y, Zhen S, He SC, Zhang XY. Interaction between the BDNF gene rs16917237 polymorphism and job stress on job burnout of Chinese university teachers. J Affect Disord 2022; 309:282-288. [PMID: 35489561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Job burnout is related to both environmental and genetic factors. However, previous studies on job burnout in teachers have mainly focused on potential stressors in the environment, while ignoring genetic factors. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) may be a pathogenic factor involved in burnout symptoms. Therefore, this study further investigated the relationship between the BNDF gene polymorphism, job stress and job burnout in Chinese university teachers. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, 361 faculty and staff members from a university in Beijing were enrolled. Job stress was measured with the Work Stress Scale. Job burnout was measured by the Chinese version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory which has three dimensions, namely emotional exhaustion (EE), cynicism (CY), and reduced personal accomplishment (PA). The BDNF gene rs16917237 polymorphism was genotyped in all participants. RESULTS CY score was associated with education level (p < 0.01), and PA score was associated with age (p < 0.05). Job stress was positively correlated with EE (r = 0.776), CY (r = 0.457), and PA (r = 0.163) (all p < 0.01). After controlling for gender, age and education level, the BDNF gene rs16917237 polymorphism did not affect job burnout, but it interacted with job stress to influence EE and CY (both p < 0.05), indicating that individuals with TT genotype were more susceptible to higher levels of job stress, resulting in job burnout symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the BDNF gene rs16917237 TT genotype may be a risk factor for job burnout in Chinese university teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Li
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Xue
- Departments of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Qingdao Central Hospital, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China
| | - Jeff Jin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hanjing Emily Wu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Shiqian Zhen
- Institute of Circulation and Consumption, Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Beijing 100710, China.
| | - Shu-Chang He
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Healthy, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Burnout is a state of exhaustion resulting from prolonged and excessive workplace stress. We sought to examine biological underpinnings of burnout, focussing on mechanisms and physical consequences. METHODS We searched the literature on burnout and evaluated studies examining biological parameters in patient populations (i.e. 'clinical' burnout) as well as in individuals from the general population judged as having some degree of burnout evaluated using a dimensional approach. RESULTS Findings suggest that burnout is associated with sustained activation of the autonomic nervous system and dysfunction of the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis, with alterations in cortisol levels. Limited studies have also shown altered immune function and changes in other endocrine systems. Consequences of burnout include increased allostatic load, structural and functional brain changes, excito-toxicity, systemic inflammation, immunosuppression, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and premature death. Limitations of studies include variability in study populations, low specificity of burnout measures, and mostly cross-sectional studies precluding examination of changes across the course of burnout. CONCLUSIONS Further examination of biological mechanisms of burnout would benefit from more homogeneous clinical samples, challenge tests and prospective studies. This would assist in differentiation from conditions such as depression and aid with development of specific treatment targets for burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bayes
- School of Psychiatry, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Black Dog Institute, Sydney, Australia
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Bakusic J, Ghosh M, Polli A, Bekaert B, Schaufeli W, Claes S, Godderis L. Epigenetic perspective on the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in burnout. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:354. [PMID: 33077716 PMCID: PMC7573604 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01037-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a potential role in the neurobiology of burnout, but there are no studies investigating the underlying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Our aim is to further explore the role of BDNF in burnout, by focusing on the Val66Met polymorphism and methylation patterns of the BDNF gene and serum BDNF (sBDNF) protein expression. We conducted a cross-sectional study by recruiting 129 individuals (59 with burnout and 70 healthy controls). Participants underwent a clinical interview, psychological assessment and blood sample collection. Polymorphism and DNA methylation were measured on DNA from whole blood, using pyrosequencing and sBDNF levels were measured using ELISA. We found significantly increased methylation of promoter I and IV in the burnout group, which also correlated with burnout symptoms. In addition, DNA methylation of promoter I had a significant negative effect on sBDNF. For DNA methylation of exon IX, we did not find a significant difference between the groups, nor associations with sBDNF. The Val66Met polymorphism neither differed between groups, nor was it associated with sBDNF levels. Finally, we did not observe differences in sBDNF level between the groups. Interestingly, we observed a significant negative association between depressive symptoms and sBDNF levels. The current study is the first to show that BDNF DNA methylation changes might play an important role in downregulation of the BDNF protein levels in burnout. The presence of depressive symptoms might have an additional impact on these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bakusic
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andrea Polli
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,grid.8767.e0000 0001 2290 8069Pain in Motion research group (PAIN), Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bram Bekaert
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Department of Forensic Medicine, Laboratory of Forensic Genetics and Molecular Archaeology; KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wilmar Schaufeli
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Work, Organisational and Personnel Psychology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- grid.5596.f0000 0001 0668 7884Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ,IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
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On the benefits and costs of extrinsic emotion regulation to the provider: Toward a neurobehavioral model. Cortex 2020; 130:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2020.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Sjörs Dahlman A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Glise K, Jonsdottir IH. Growth factors and neurotrophins in patients with stress-related exhaustion disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 109:104415. [PMID: 31472432 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.104415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotophic factor (BDNF), have attracted attention in studies of the biological effects of long-term stress exposure due to their neuroprotective roles. This study investigated whether circulating levels of EGF, VEGF and BDNF were altered in individuals with stress-related exhaustion disorder. Forty patients diagnosed with exhaustion disorder and 40 healthy subjects (50% women) provided fasting blood samples for analysis of EGF, VEGF, and BDNF in plasma. We found significantly lower levels of EGF, VEGF, and BDNF in patients with ED compared to healthy controls. This pattern was seen in both male and female patients. Given the important roles of BDNF and VEGF for brain plasticity and neurogenesis, decreased levels after long-term stress exposure could indicate increased risk of neuronal damage and cognitive impairments in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sjörs Dahlman
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Glise
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingibjörg H Jonsdottir
- The Institute of Stress Medicine, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Yurt KK, Kaplan S. As a painkiller: a review of pre- and postnatal non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug exposure effects on the nervous systems. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 26:15-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0434-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Exploration of the Association between Nurses' Moral Distress and Secondary Traumatic Stress Syndrome: Implications for Patient Safety in Mental Health Services. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1908712. [PMID: 29209622 PMCID: PMC5676344 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1908712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Work-related moral distress (MD) and secondary traumatic stress syndrome (STSS) may be associated with compromised health status among health professionals, reduced productivity, and inadequate safety of care. We explored the association of MD with the severity of STSS symptoms, along with the mediating role of mental distress symptoms. Associations with emotional exhaustion and professional satisfaction were also assessed. This cross-sectional survey conducted in 206 mental health nurses (MHNs) was employed across public sector community and hospital settings in Cyprus. The analysis revealed that MD (measured by the modified Moral Distress Scale) was positively associated with both STSS (measured by the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale) and mental distress symptoms (assessed by the General Health Questionnaire-28). The association of MD with STSS symptoms was partially mediated by mental distress symptoms. This association remained largely unchanged after adjusting for gender, age, education, rank, and intention to quit the job. Our findings provide preliminary evidence on the association between MD and STSS symptomatology in MHNs. Situations that may lead health professionals to be in moral distress seem to be mainly related to the work environment; thus interventions related to organizational empowerment of MHNs need to be developed.
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He SC, Zhang YY, Zhan JY, Wang C, Du XD, Yin GZ, Cao B, Ning YP, Soares JC, Zhang XY. Burnout and cognitive impairment: Associated with serum BDNF in a Chinese Han population. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 77:236-243. [PMID: 28119229 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have demonstrated that subjects with chronic burnout showed cognitive impairments; however, cognitive performance in burnout has been under-investigated. Increasing evidence show that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a critical role in cognitive function. We hypothesized that decreased BDNF may be associated with cognitive impairments in burnout, which has not been investigated yet. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of BDNF with cognitive impairment in burnout. METHOD Using a cross-sectional design, 712 healthy subjects were recruited from a general hospital and they were all measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). We assessed part of subjects on the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) (n=192) and serum BDNF levels (n=127). RESULTS 30.5% of the subjects had burnout. Compared to those non-burnout subjects, the burnout subjects were younger, had significant lower BDNF levels (p=0.003) and scored lower on immediate memory, RBANS total score and attention (all p<0.05). Interestingly, after the Bonferroni correction, there were negative correlations between BDNF and MBI total score or reduced professional accomplishment (PA). Moreover, BDNF was positively associated with immediate memory, attention and RBANS total score. Further multiple regression analysis showed that BDNF was an independent contributor to the RBANS total score and attention, and BDNF and MBI depersonalization (DP) were independent contributors to immediate memory. In addition, there was mediating effect of BDNF in the relation between burnout and cognitive impairments. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that burnout is associated with significant cognitive impairments and decreased BDNF. Moreover, decreased BDNF is associated with cognitive impairments in burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C He
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Y Zhan
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - C Wang
- School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X D Du
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - G Z Yin
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Cao
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Y P Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - J C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - X Y Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing HuiLongGuan hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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A biological perspective on differences and similarities between burnout and depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 73:112-122. [PMID: 27993607 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To compare and contrast burnout and depression is not only a conceptual issue, but may deliver important directions for treatment approaches and stabilize the awareness of disease which is essential for affected individuals. Because of the symptomatic overlap, it is a subject of multidimensional research and discussion to find specific signatures to differentiate between the two phenomena or to present evidence that they are different aspects of the same disorder. Both pathologies are regarded as stress-related disorders. Therefore, in this review burnout and depression are discussed on the basis of biological parameters, mainly heart rate variability (HRV) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are crucial to the stress response system. It emerges that instead of finding one specific discriminating marker, future research should rather concentrate on elaborating indices for burnout and depression which integrate combinations of parameters found in genetics, neurobiology, physiology and environment.
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Lennartsson AK, Theorell T, Kushnir MM, Jonsdottir IH. Changes in DHEA-s levels during the first year of treatment in patients with clinical burnout are related to health development. Biol Psychol 2016; 120:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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The “Double-Edge Sword” of Human Empathy: A Unifying Neurobehavioral Theory of Compassion Stress Injury. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci4041087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Kim YR, Kim HN, Pak ME, Ahn SM, Hong KH, Shin HK, Choi BT. Studies on the animal model of post-stroke depression and application of antipsychotic aripiprazole. Behav Brain Res 2015; 287:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Karanikola MNK, Papathanassoglou EED. Exploration of the burnout syndrome occurrence among mental health nurses in Cyprus. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2013; 27:319-26. [PMID: 24238013 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Nurses' work-related stress might be associated with psychiatric symptoms, leading to altered professional attitudes. The aim of this study was to explore the levels of burnout and associations with anxiety and depressive symptoms among Greek-Cypriot psychiatric-mental health nurses (PMHNs). A descriptive correlational design with cross-sectional comparisons was applied. A sample of 226 PMHNs was used. Participants reported low levels of burnout. However, 10% of them manifested clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were associated with depressive (r=0.562, p<0.0001, and r=0.616, p<0.0001, respectively) and anxiety (r=0.394, p<0.0001, and r=0.448, p<0.0001, respectively) symptoms. Further research investigating the biological aetiopathology of these psychological alterations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria N K Karanikola
- Mental Health Nursing, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
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Short-term environmental enrichment enhances adult neurogenesis, vascular network and dendritic complexity in the hippocampus of type 1 diabetic mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13993. [PMID: 21085588 PMCID: PMC2981567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several brain disturbances have been described in association to type 1 diabetes in humans. In animal models, hippocampal pathological changes were reported together with cognitive deficits. The exposure to a variety of environmental stimuli during a certain period of time is able to prevent brain alterations and to improve learning and memory in conditions like stress, aging and neurodegenerative processes. Methodology/Principal Findings We explored the modulation of hippocampal alterations in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice by environmental enrichment. In diabetic mice housed in standard conditions we found a reduction of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, decreased dendritic complexity in CA1 neurons and a smaller vascular fractional area in the dentate gyrus, compared with control animals in the same housing condition. A short exposure -10 days- to an enriched environment was able to enhance proliferation, survival and dendritic arborization of newborn neurons, to recover dendritic tree length and spine density of pyramidal CA1 neurons and to increase the vascular network of the dentate gyrus in diabetic animals. Conclusions/Significance The environmental complexity seems to constitute a strong stimulator competent to rescue the diabetic brain from neurodegenerative progression.
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Oroxylin A, a flavonoid, stimulates adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus region of mice. Neurochem Res 2010; 35:1725-32. [PMID: 20680459 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-010-0235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported the cognitive enhancing effects of oroxylin A in unimpaired mice and its memory ameliorating activity in various memory impaired mice. To elucidate the mechanism mediating the cognitive effects of oroxylin A, this study examined the consequences of oroxylin A administration on neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus using immunostaining for 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation. In addition, we determined whether the new cells adopted a neuronal or glial fate by examining the co-localization of BrdU staining with neuronal or glial markers. Administration of oroxylin A in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner increased the number of BrdU-incorporating cells. Moreover, the percentage of BrdU-incorporating cells co-localized with neuronal markers, neuronal nuclei, was significantly increased by the oroxylin A administration. These results suggest that the increased neurogenesis induced by the administration of oroxylin A could be, at least in part, associated with its positive effects on cognitive processing.
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Hippocampal neurovascular and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis alterations in spontaneously type 2 diabetic GK rats. Exp Neurol 2010; 222:125-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
This column reviews progress in our understanding of the neuroanatomy, pathophysiology, and genetics underlying clinical depression. Such understanding is fundamental to the ability to rationally identify the neural regulatory processes involved and develop drugs specifically targeted to those processes. The goal of the column is to help clinicians better conceptualize the nature of depressive illness and its treatment and educate their patients about these issues.
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The role of BDNF and HPA axis in the neurobiology of burnout syndrome. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2008; 32:1459-65. [PMID: 18541357 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2008] [Revised: 04/30/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic stress is known to affect the HPA axis. The few clinical studies which have been conducted on HPA-axis function in burnout have produced inconsistent results. The etiological relationship between sBDNF and burnout has not yet been studied. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of BDNF and HPA axis in the neurobiology of burnout. In the current study 37 clinically diagnosed burnout participants were compared with 35 healthy controls in terms of BDNF, HPA axis, burnout symptoms, depression, anxiety and psychosomatic complaints. Basal serum cortisol, sBDNF and cortisol level after 1 mg DST was sampled. We found no significant differences in terms of HPA-axis function (for basal serum cortisol, p=0.592; for cortisol level after 1 mg DST, p=0.921), but we did find lowered sBDNF levels in burnout group (88.66+/-18.15 pg/ml) as compared to healthy controls (102.18+/-20.92 pg/ml) and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.005). Logistic Regression Analysis revealed that emotional exhaustion (p=0.05), depersonalization (p=0.005) and depression (p=0.025) were significantly associated with burnout. sBDNF levels correlated negatively with emotional exhaustion (r=-,268, p=0.026), depersonalization (r=-,333, p=0.005) and correlated positively with competence (r=0.293, p=0.015) sub-scales of burnout inventory. However, there were no significant relationships between cortisol levels and sBDNF levels (r=0.80, p=0.51), depression, anxiety, psychosomatic complaints and burnout inventory. Our results suggest that low BDNF might contribute to the neurobiology of burnout syndrome and it seems to be associated with burnout symptoms including altered mood and cognitive functions.
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Canan S, Aktaş A, Ulkay MB, Colakoglu S, Ragbetli MC, Ayyildiz M, Geuna S, Kaplan S. Prenatal exposure to a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug or saline solution impairs sciatic nerve morphology: a stereological and histological study. Int J Dev Neurosci 2008; 26:733-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2008.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Canan
- Department of PhysiologyBaskent University School of MedicineTR‐06530AnkaraTurkey
| | - Abit Aktaş
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyIstanbul University School of Veterinary MedicineTR‐34320IstanbulTurkey
| | - M. Basak Ulkay
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyIstanbul University School of Veterinary MedicineTR‐34320IstanbulTurkey
| | - Serdar Colakoglu
- Department of AnatomyDuzce University School of MedicineDuzceTurkey
| | - Murat Cetin Ragbetli
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyYüzüncü Yıl University School of MedicineVanTurkey
| | - Mustafa Ayyildiz
- Department of PhysiologyOndokuz Mayis University School of MedicineSamsunTurkey
| | - Stefano Geuna
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Cliniche E BiologicheUniversity Torino Ospedale San LuigiRegione Gonzole10‐10043OrbassanoTorinoItaly
| | - Suleyman Kaplan
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyOndokuz Mayis University School of MedicineTR‐55139SamsunTurkey
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Campbell AM, Park CR, Zoladz PR, Muñoz C, Fleshner M, Diamond DM. Pre-training administration of tianeptine, but not propranolol, protects hippocampus-dependent memory from being impaired by predator stress. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2008; 18:87-98. [PMID: 17566714 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2006] [Revised: 03/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that the antidepressant tianeptine blocks the adverse effects of chronic stress on hippocampal functioning. The current series of experiments extended this area of investigation by examining the influence of tianeptine on acute stress-induced impairments of spatial (hippocampus-dependent) memory. Tianeptine (10 mg/kg, ip) administered to adult male rats before, but not after, water maze training blocked the amnestic effects of predator stress (occurring between training and retrieval) on memory. The protective effects of tianeptine on memory occurred in rats which had extensive pre-stress training, as well as in rats which had only a single day of training. Tianeptine blocked stress effects on memory without altering the stress-induced increase in corticosterone levels. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist (5 and 10 mg/kg, ip), in contrast, did not block stress-induced amnesia. These findings indicate that treatment with tianeptine, unlike propanolol, provides an effective means with which to block the adverse effects of stress on cognitive functions of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Campbell
- Medical Research, VA Hospital, 13000 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., Tampa, FL, USA
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Pardon MC. Stress and ageing interactions: A paradox in the context of shared etiological and physiopathological processes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 54:251-73. [PMID: 17408561 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2007] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/22/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gerontology has made considerable progress in the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the ageing process and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. However, ways to improve quality of life in the elderly remain to be elucidated. It is now clear that stress and the ageing process share a number of underlying mechanisms bound in a very close, if not indissociable, relationship. The ageing process is regulated by the factors underlying the ability to adjust to stress, whilst stress has an influence on the life span and the quality of ageing. In addition, the ability to cope with stress in adulthood predicts life expectancy and quality of life at senescence. The ageing process and stress also share several common mechanisms, particularly in relation to the energy factor. Stress consumes energy and ageing may be considered as a cost of the energy expended to deal with the stressors to which the body is exposed throughout its lifetime. This suggests that the ageing process is associated with and/or a consequence of a long-lasting activation of the major stress responsive systems. However, despite common features, the interaction between stress and the ageing process gives rise to some paradoxes. Stress can either diminish or exacerbate the ageing process just as the ageing process can worsen or counter the effects of stress. There has been little attempt to understand how ageing and stress might interact to promote "successful" or pathological ageing. A key factor in this respect is the individual's ability to adapt to stress. Viewed from this angle, the quality of life of aged subjects may be improved through therapy designed to improve the tolerance to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Christine Pardon
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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25
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Chambers RA, Conroy SK. Network modeling of adult neurogenesis: shifting rates of neuronal turnover optimally gears network learning according to novelty gradient. J Cogn Neurosci 2007; 19:1-12. [PMID: 17214558 PMCID: PMC2887709 DOI: 10.1162/jocn.2007.19.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Apoptotic and neurogenic events in the adult hippocampus are hypothesized to play a role in cognitive responses to new contexts. Corticosteroid-mediated stress responses and other neural processes invoked by substantially novel contextual changes may regulate these processes. Using elementary three-layer neural networks that learn by incremental synaptic plasticity, we explored whether the cognitive effects of differential regimens of neuronal turnover depend on the environmental context in terms of the degree of novelty in the new information to be learned. In "adult" networks that had achieved mature synaptic connectivity upon prior learning of the Roman alphabet, imposition of apoptosis/neurogenesis before learning increasingly novel information (alternate Roman < Russian < Hebrew) reveals optimality of informatic cost benefits when rates of turnover are geared in proportion to the degree of novelty. These findings predict that flexible control of rates of apoptosis-neurogenesis within plastic, mature neural systems optimizes learning attributes under varying degrees of contextual change, and that failures in this regulation may define a role for adult hippocampal neurogenesis in novelty- and stress-responsive psychiatric disorders.
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Gokcimen A, Rağbetli MC, Baş O, Tunc AT, Aslan H, Yazici AC, Kaplan S. Effect of prenatal exposure to an anti-inflammatory drug on neuron number in cornu ammonis and dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus: A stereological study. Brain Res 2007; 1127:185-92. [PMID: 17123485 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2006] [Revised: 10/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposed to an anti-inflammatory drug is a major problem for the developing central nervous system. It is not well known the effect of prenatal exposed to a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug on the hippocampus. Total neuron number in one side of the cornu ammonis (CA) and gyrus dentatus (GD) of the hippocampal formation in control and drug-treated (diclofenac sodium, DS) groups of male rats was estimated using the optical fractionator technique. Each main group has also two subgroups that are 4 weeks old (4W-old) and 20 weeks old (20W-old). In CA, no significant difference between 4W-old DS-treated and their control was found, but a significant difference was observed between 20W-old DS-treated and their controls. A decreasing of neuron number was 12% for 20W-old DS-treated group. In GD, a decreasing of the granule cell number in 4W-old of DS-treated group was seen but an increasing of granule cell number was found in the 20W-old drug-treated rats in comparison to its control group, 7% and 9%, respectively. Although an increasing of neuron number in CA at the control group was seen with age, from 4th week to 20th week (10%), age-dependent substantial granule cell decline (17%) was observed in GD. No age effect on the total cell numbers of CA and GD of the drug-treated groups was seen in comparison to 4W-old week and 20W-old. A pronounced neuron loss observed in the drug-treated group may be attributed to the neurotoxicity of diclofenac sodium (DS) on the developing hippocampal formation. Age-dependent neuron increase in the CA of 20W-old and neuron decline in GD of 20W-old control groups may be a result of a dual effect of saline injection during the fetal life, since these animals were exposed to a stress of 15-day-period of saline injection, prenatal stress. The reason of no age effect on CA and GD cell number in the drug-treated groups may be attributed to the depletion of the progenitor cells due to neurotoxicity of DS in the fetal life of these animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpaslan Gokcimen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Süleyman Demirel University School of Medicine, Isparta, Turkey
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Abstract
CONTEXT Bipolar/panic comorbidity has been observed in clinical, community and familial samples. As both are episodic disorders of affect regulation, the common pathophysiological mechanism is likely to involve deficits in amygdala-mediated, plasticity-dependent emotional conditioning. EVIDENCE Neuronal genesis and synaptic remodeling occur in the amygdala; bipolar and panic disorders have both been associated with abnormality in the amygdala and related structures, as well as in molecules that modulate plasticity, such as serotonin, norepinephrine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). These biological elements are involved in behavioral conditioning to threat and reward. MODEL Panic attacks resemble the normal acute fear response, but are abnormally dissociated from any relevant threat. Abnormal reward-seeking behavior is central to both manic and depressive syndromes. Appetites can be elevated or depressed; satisfaction of a drive may fail to condition future behavior. These dissociations may be the result of deficits in plasticity-dependent processes of conditioning within different amygdala subregions. CONCLUSIONS This speculative model may be a useful framework with which to connect molecular, cellular, anatomic and behavioral processes in panic and bipolar disorders. The primary clinical implication is that behavioral treatment may be critical to restore function in some bipolar patients who respond only partially to medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean F MacKinnon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Meyer 3-181, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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28
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Aslan H, Songur A, Tunc AT, Ozen OA, Bas O, Yagmurca M, Turgut M, Sarsilmaz M, Kaplan S. Effects of formaldehyde exposure on granule cell number and volume of dentate gyrus: A histopathological and stereological study. Brain Res 2006; 1122:191-200. [PMID: 17011527 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 08/31/2006] [Accepted: 09/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal formation is a complex region of the brain related to memory and learning. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether exposure of neonatal rats to formaldehyde (FA) had either early or delayed effects on the numbers of granule cells in the dentate gyrus (DG). After birth, the neonatal male Wistar rats were exposed throughout a 30-day period to various concentrations of FA: 0 (control group), 6 ppm (low concentration group) and 12 ppm (high concentration group). This was done by placing them for 6 h/day and 5 days per week in a glass chamber containing FA vapor. Then, five animals from each group were anesthetized and decapitated on postnatal day (PND) 30, and the remaining five animals were sacrificed on PND 90 by intracardiac perfusion using 10% neutral buffered FA solution. The Cavalieri principle of stereological approaches was used to determine the volume of the DG in these sections. The optical fractionator counting method was used to estimate the total number of granule cells in the DG. The appearance of granule cells was normal under light microscopy in all PND 30 and PND 90 groups. There were significant age-related reductions in the volume of the DG at PND 90 irrespective of which group was examined. Significant age-related neuron loss was also determined at PND 90 compared to that at PND 30. Rats treated with a high concentration FA were found to have fewer granule cells than either the animals treated with a low concentration FA or the control group (p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively) at PND 90 but not at PND 30. These findings clearly indicate that granule cells in the DG may be vulnerable to stress and the concentration of FA to which they are exposed during early postnatal life, and also that a neurotoxic effect of high dose FA on cell number is only seen after a long time period. These results may explain why some disorders do not appear until later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Aslan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gaziosmanpasa University School of Medicine, Tasliciflik Kampusu TR-60100 Tokat, Turkey
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Mammen PP, Shelton JM, Ye Q, Kanatous SB, McGrath AJ, Richardson JA, Garry DJ. Cytoglobin is a stress-responsive hemoprotein expressed in the developing and adult brain. J Histochem Cytochem 2006; 54:1349-61. [PMID: 16899760 PMCID: PMC3958125 DOI: 10.1369/jhc.6a7008.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin (Cygb) is a novel tissue hemoprotein relatively similar to myoglobin (Mb). Because Cygb shares several structural features with Mb, we hypothesized that Cygb functions in the modulation of oxygen and nitric oxide metabolism or in scavenging free radicals within a cell. In the present study we examined the spatial and temporal expression pattern of Cygb during murine embryogenesis. Using in situ hybridization, RT-PCR, and Northern blot analyses, limited Cygb expression was observed during embryogenesis compared with Mb expression. Cygb expression was primarily restricted to the central nervous system and neural crest derivatives during the latter stages of development. In the adult mouse, Cygb is expressed in distinct regions of the brain as compared with neuroglobin (Ngb), another globin protein, and these regions are responsive to oxidative stress (i.e., hippocampus, thalamus, and hypothalamus). In contrast to Ngb, Cygb expression in the brain is induced in response to chronic hypoxia (10% oxygen). These results support the hypothesis that Cygb is an oxygen-responsive tissue hemoglobin expressed in distinct regions of thenormoxic and hypoxic brain and may play a key role in the response of the brain to ahypoxic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep P.A. Mammen
- Departments of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - John M. Shelton
- Departments of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Qiu Ye
- Departments of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shane B. Kanatous
- Departments of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Amanda J. McGrath
- Departments of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - James A. Richardson
- Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Molecular Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel J. Garry
- Departments of Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Molecular Biology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
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Melamed S, Shirom A, Toker S, Berliner S, Shapira I. Burnout and risk of cardiovascular disease: evidence, possible causal paths, and promising research directions. Psychol Bull 2006; 132:327-53. [PMID: 16719565 DOI: 10.1037/0033-2909.132.3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, physical fatigue, and cognitive weariness, resulting from prolonged exposure to work-related stress. The authors review the accumulated evidence suggesting that burnout and the related concept of vital exhaustion are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular-related events. The authors present evidence supporting several potential mechanisms linking burnout with ill health, including the metabolic syndrome, dysregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis along with sympathetic nervous system activation, sleep disturbances, systemic inflammation, impaired immunity functions, blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, and poor health behaviors. The association of burnout and vital exhaustion with these disease mediators suggests that their impact on health may be more extensive than currently indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Melamed
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel.
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Casillas J, Damak S, Chauvet-Gelinier J, Deley G, Ornetti P. Fatigue in patients with cardiovascular disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2006.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Casillas JM, Damak S, Chauvet-Gelinier JC, Deley G, Ornetti P. Fatigue et maladies cardiovasculaires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 49:309-19, 392-402. [PMID: 16716433 DOI: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Fatigue is a frequent complaint during cardiovascular disease and can sometimes constitute the first clinical manifestation of this disease. It is responsible for deterioration of the quality of life and prognosis. Although physical and mental fatigue are often intimately interrelated, these two aspects of fatigue correspond to different pathophysiological mechanisms and different clinical features and the neurobiological links between the two are only just beginning to be studied. Physical fatigue is related to loss of efficacy of the effector muscle, due to multiple causes: mismatch of cardiac output during exercise, muscle and microcirculatory deconditioning, neuroendocrine dysfunction, associated metabolic disorders. Mental fatigue corresponds to predominantly depressive mood disorders with a particular entity, vital exhaustion. The diagnostic approach is designed to eliminate other organic causes of fatigue. Functional tests investigating physical (exercise capacity) and mental dimensions (mood disorders) can be used to analyse their respective roles and to propose personalized management, in which rehabilitation has an essential place due to its global approach. The objective of this reduction of fatigue is threefold: to improve independence, to improve quality of life and to limit morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Casillas
- Inserm ERITm 0207, Pôle Rééducation-Réadaptation, CHU de Dijon, 23, rue Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France.
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Yamauchi Y, Qin LH, Nishihara M, Sawada K, Kato K, Inoue S. Vulnerability of synaptic plasticity in the complexin II knockout mouse to maternal deprivation stress. Brain Res 2005; 1056:59-67. [PMID: 16112091 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 07/07/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The alterations in brain function and structure seen in schizophrenia are mediated by genetics as well as vulnerability due to environmental factors. Postmortem studies in schizophrenic patients have shown that expression of complexin II, which is involved in neurotransmitter release at central nervous system synapses, is decreased in the brain. We examined the physiological characteristics of complexin II gene-deficient mice subjected to maternal deprivation stress to determine whether psychological stress during the early stage of life affected the development of brain function. We compared the electrophysiological properties of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal neurons and spatial memory in the Morris water maze test in the wild-type mouse and the homozygous mutant. In the non-stressed mouse, no significant differences in transsynaptic responses and synaptic plasticity or spatial memory were seen, suggesting that complexin II does not play a critical role in transmitter release or synaptic plasticity under these conditions. In contrast, under conditions of maternal deprivation stress, the knockout mouse showed a significant decrease in post-tetanic potentiation and LTP induction and a significant impairment in Morris water Maze test compared to the wild-type mouse, suggesting that complexin II plays a significant role in neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity under this pathological condition. Taken together, these results show that mice lacking complexin II are vulnerable to maternal deprivation stress, which raises the possibility that the complexin II gene may be a factor in the onset of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Yamauchi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kochi Medical School, Kohasu, Nankoku-City, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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Nyberg J, Anderson MF, Meister B, Alborn AM, Ström AK, Brederlau A, Illerskog AC, Nilsson O, Kieffer TJ, Hietala MA, Ricksten A, Eriksson PS. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide is expressed in adult hippocampus and induces progenitor cell proliferation. J Neurosci 2005; 25:1816-25. [PMID: 15716418 PMCID: PMC6725940 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4920-04.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is an area of active proliferation and neurogenesis within the adult brain. The molecular events controlling adult cell genesis in the hippocampus essentially remain unknown. It has been reported previously that adult male and female rats from the strains Sprague Dawley (SD) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) have a marked difference in proliferation rates of cells in the hippocampal DG. To exploit this natural variability and identify potential regulators of cell genesis in the hippocampus, hippocampal gene expression from male SHR as well as male and female SD rats was analyzed using a cDNA array strategy. Hippocampal expression of the gene-encoding glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) varied strongly in parallel with cell-proliferation rates in the adult rat DG. Moreover, robust GIP immunoreactivity could be detected in the DG. The GIP receptor is expressed by cultured adult hippocampal progenitors and throughout the granule cell layer of the DG, including progenitor cells. Thus, these cells have the ability to respond to GIP. Indeed, exogenously delivered GIP induced proliferation of adult-derived hippocampal progenitors in vivo as well as in vitro, and adult GIP receptor knock-out mice exhibit a significantly lower number of newborn cells in the hippocampal DG compared with wild-type mice. This investigation demonstrates the presence of GIP in the brain for the first time and provides evidence for a regulatory function for GIP in progenitor cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Nyberg
- The Arvid Carlsson Institute for Neuroscience at the Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Göteborg University, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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He J, Nixon K, Shetty AK, Crews FT. Chronic alcohol exposure reduces hippocampal neurogenesis and dendritic growth of newborn neurons. Eur J Neurosci 2005; 21:2711-20. [PMID: 15926919 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04120.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hippocampal neurogenesis is known as the formation of new neurons from the proliferating neural progenitor cells (NPC) at the dentate gyrus. Cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and maturation are critical stages leading to the generation of healthy neurons. As all of these stages can be influenced by alcohol exposure, we studied the effects of chronic alcohol on each process by immunocytochemistry for stage-specific antigens and prelabelling newborn cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Rats were administered alcohol liquid diet or control diet for one, two or four weeks. We found that cell proliferation was inhibited as proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was reduced by approximately 50% in alcohol-treated animals at all time points. Doublecortin (DCX), a microtubule protein expressed early in differentiating neurons, was progressively decreased over the duration of exposure and significantly reduced after two and four weeks of drinking. Morphological analyses of DCX-positive cells revealed that four weeks of alcohol treatment reduced the size of the dendritic tree including the total length of apical dendrites, number of nodes and endings. Furthermore, BrdU labelling demonstrated a dramatic decrease in cell survival after four weeks of drinking, while cell death was increased by such treatment. Confocal analysis indicated that over 80% of BrdU+ cells colabelled with NeuN suggesting that alcohol reduced neurogenesis. In conclusion, chronic alcohol exposure disrupts neurogenesis by decreasing NPC proliferation, inhibiting cell survival and altering morphological maturation of newborn neurons. These data implicate impaired hippocampal neurogenesis with the cognitive and affective dysfunction associated with chronic alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun He
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Naylor AS, Persson AI, Eriksson PS, Jonsdottir IH, Thorlin T. Extended Voluntary Running Inhibits Exercise-Induced Adult Hippocampal Progenitor Proliferation in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. J Neurophysiol 2005; 93:2406-14. [PMID: 15615829 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01085.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has shown that voluntary running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus. Here we report that long-term running for 24 days results in a down-regulation of hippocampal progenitor proliferation to one-half the level of nonrunning controls compared with a fivefold increase in progenitor proliferation seen after 9 days of voluntary running (short-term running). The negative effects seen on proliferation after 24 days of running were prevented by restricting daily running distances (by 30–50%) during 24 days. Long-term running for 24 days increases the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, with an increase in adrenal gland weight and increased plasma corticosterone levels, as well as decreased thymus weight, indicating a stress response as a possible mediator of decreased progenitor proliferation. Furthermore, the negative effects seen on the observed stress response after 24 days of running were prevented by restricting daily running distance. Short-term running did not alter these stress parameters compared with nonrunning controls. However, it increased phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding protein (pCREB) in the dentate gyrus, an increase that was not seen in nonrunning controls or after 24 days of running. Taken together, these data suggest that voluntary running does not always enhance proliferation and that the decrease in progenitor proliferation seen in long-term running is possibly mediated by mechanisms involving a stress response in the animal. However, a moderate level of long-term running was able to prevent the negative stress-related changes seen in unrestricted long-term running.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Naylor
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Box 432, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
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