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Meriç P, Silbereisen A, Emingil G, Öztürk VÖ, Bostanci N. Clinical, oral immunological and microbiological shifts during and after pregnancy. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 28:60. [PMID: 38157038 PMCID: PMC10756889 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physiological changes and shifts in the oral microbiota composition during pregnancy may affect the maternal immune system. Uncomplicated pregnancy is associated with a T-helper (Th) 2 predominant cytokine regulation (anti-inflammatory), while oral health deterioration during pregnancy is reflected by severe gingival inflammation, a primarily Th1 cytokine phenotype (pro-inflammatory), and oral microbiome alterations. This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate Th cytokine shifts and changes in the oral microbiota composition in saliva of women before and after birth. MATERIAL AND METHODS Saliva (n = 96) was collected before and 6 months after birth, and medical, oral health, and periodontal status were assessed. In a multiplex immunoassay, 10 cytokines were simultaneously analyzed and cumulative Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels and Th1/Th2 ratio were calculated for all groups. Putative periodontal pathogens (n = 6) were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Th2 cytokine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.014) while pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) during pregnancy than postpartum. Similar Th1 levels were found between the groups (p = 0.143). Th1 and Th2 cytokines positively correlated with periodontal parameters (p < 0.001) and levels of studied bacteria during pregnancy (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study identified a significantly increased Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio during pregnancy and a positive association with putative periodontal pathogens. This immunological and microbiological deregulation in the oral milieu during pregnancy is suggestive of a destructive inflammatory periodontal profile. STUDY REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov (Record BAP-2015). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Understanding altered oral immunological and microbiological regulation patterns during pregnancy may help improve the inflammatory periodontal profile in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Meriç
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Angelika Silbereisen
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Huddinge, 14104, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gülnur Emingil
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Veli-Özgen Öztürk
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Nagihan Bostanci
- Division of Oral Health and Periodontology, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels Allé 8, Huddinge, 14104, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Panahipour L, Abbasabadi AO, Gruber R. Gingival Fibroblasts Are Sensitive to Oral Cell Lysates Indicated by Their IL11 Expression. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1193. [PMID: 37892923 PMCID: PMC10604186 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10101193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Damaged cells that appear as a consequence of invasive dental procedures or in response to dental materials are supposed to release damage-associated signals. These damage-associated signals not only support tissue regeneration but might also contribute to unwanted fibrosis. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular target that reflects how fibroblasts respond to necrotic oral tissue cells. To simulate the cell damage, we prepared necrotic cell lysates by sonication of the osteocytic cell line IDG-SW3 and exposed them to gingival fibroblasts. RNAseq revealed a moderate increase in IL11 expression in the gingival fibroblasts, a pleiotropic cytokine involved in fibrosis and inflammation, and also in regeneration following trauma. Necrotic lysates of the human squamous carcinoma cell lines HSC2 and TR146, as well as of gingival fibroblasts, however, caused a robust increase in IL11 expression in the gingival fibroblasts. Consistently, immunoassay revealed significantly increased IL11 levels in the gingival fibroblasts when exposed to the respective lysates. Considering that IL11 is a TGF-β target gene, IL11 expression was partially blocked by SB431542, a TGF-β receptor type I kinase inhibitor. Moreover, lysates from the HSC2, TR146, and gingival fibroblasts caused a moderate smad2/3 nuclear translocation in the gingival fibroblasts. Taken together and based on IL11 expression, our findings show that fibroblasts are sensitive to damaged oral tissue cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Azarakhsh Oladzad Abbasabadi
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (A.O.A.)
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (A.O.A.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Attik N, Garric X, Bethry A, Subra G, Chevalier C, Bouzouma B, Verdié P, Grosgogeat B, Gritsch K. Amelogenin-Derived Peptide (ADP-5) Hydrogel for Periodontal Regeneration: An In Vitro Study on Periodontal Cells Cytocompatibility, Remineralization and Inflammatory Profile. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020053. [PMID: 36826852 PMCID: PMC9966511 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A relevant alternative to enamel matrix derivatives from animal origin could be the use of synthetic amelogenin-derived peptides. This study aimed to assess the effect of a synthetic amelogenin-derived peptide (ADP-5), alone or included in an experimental gellan-xanthan hydrogel, on periodontal cell behavior (gingival fibroblasts, periodontal ligament cells, osteoblasts and cementoblasts). The effect of ADP-5 (50, 100, and 200 µg/mL) on cell metabolic activity was examined using Alamar blue assay, and cell morphology was assessed by confocal imaging. An experimental gellan-xanthan hydrogel was then designed as carrier for ADP-5 and compared to the commercial gel Emdogain®. Alizarin Red was used to determine the periodontal ligament and cementoblasts cell mineralization. The inflammatory profile of these two cells was also quantified using ELISA (vascular endothelial growth factor A, tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin 11) mediators. ADP-5 enhanced cell proliferation and remineralization; the 100 µg/mL concentration was more efficient than 50 and 200 µg/mL. The ADP-5 experimental hydrogel exhibited equivalent good biological behavior compared to Emdogain® in terms of cell colonization, mineralization, and inflammatory profile. These findings revealed relevant insights regarding the ADP-5 biological behavior. From a clinical perspective, these outcomes could instigate the development of novel functionalized scaffold for periodontal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Attik
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Xavier Garric
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
- Departement of Pharmacy, Nîmes University Hospital, 30900 Nîmes, France
| | - Audrey Bethry
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Subra
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Charlène Chevalier
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Brahim Bouzouma
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Pascal Verdié
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Brigitte Grosgogeat
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service d’Odontologie (UF Recherche Clinique), Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Kerstin Gritsch
- Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, UMR CNRS 5615, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Faculté d’Odontologie, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service d’Odontologie (UF Parodontologie), Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
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Abstract
Periodontitis is a multi-etiologic infection characterized clinically by pathologic loss of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. Herpesviruses and specific bacterial species are major periodontal pathogens that cooperate synergistically in producing severe periodontitis. Cellular immunity against herpesviruses and humoral immunity against bacteria are key periodontal host defenses. Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are modifiers of periodontal disease severity. MicroRNAs are a class of noncoding, gene expression-based, posttranscriptional regulatory RNAs of great importance for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been associated with several medical diseases. Periodontal tissue cells and herpesviruses elaborate several microRNAs that are of current research interest. This review attempts to conceptualize the role of periodontal microRNAs in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The diagnostic potential of salivary microRNAs is also addressed. Employment of microRNA technology in periodontics represents an interesting new preventive and therapeutic possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar R Naqvi
- Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jørgen Slots
- Department of Periodontology, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA
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5
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Suárez LJ, Garzón H, Arboleda S, Rodríguez A. Oral Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity: From Local Periodontal Responses to an Imbalanced Systemic Immunity. A Review. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591255. [PMID: 33363538 PMCID: PMC7754713 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current paradigm of onset and progression of periodontitis includes oral dysbiosis directed by inflammophilic bacteria, leading to altered resolution of inflammation and lack of regulation of the inflammatory responses. In the construction of explanatory models of the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease, autoimmune mechanisms were among the first to be explored and historically, for more than five decades, they have been described in an isolated manner as part of the tissue damage process observed in periodontitis, however direct participation of these mechanisms in the tissue damage is still controversial. Autoimmunity is affected by genetic and environmental factors, leading to an imbalance between the effector and regulatory responses, mostly associated with failed resolution mechanisms. However, dysbiosis/infection and chronic inflammation could trigger autoimmunity by several mechanisms including bystander activation, dysregulation of toll-like receptors, amplification of autoimmunity by cytokines, epitope spreading, autoantigens complementarity, autoantigens overproduction, microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, superantigens, and activation or inhibition of receptors related to autoimmunity by microorganisms. Even though autoreactivity in periodontitis is biologically plausible, the associated mechanisms could be related to non-pathologic responses which could even explain non-recognized physiological functions. In this review we shall discuss from a descriptive point of view, the autoimmune mechanisms related to periodontitis physio-pathogenesis and the participation of oral dysbiosis on local periodontal autoimmune responses as well as on different systemic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina J. Suárez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Hernan Garzón
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud Oral, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silie Arboleda
- Unidad de Investigación en Epidemiologia Clínica Oral (UNIECLO), Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Adriana Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Odontológicas, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
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A therapeutic oxygen carrier isolated from Arenicola marina decreased P. gingivalis induced inflammation and tissue destruction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14745. [PMID: 32901057 PMCID: PMC7479608 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71593-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of inflammation and infection is crucial for periodontal wound healing and regeneration. M101, an oxygen carrier derived from Arenicola marina, was tested for its anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious potential based on its anti-oxidative and tissue oxygenation properties. In vitro, no cytotoxicity was observed in oral epithelial cells (EC) treated with M101. M101 (1 g/L) reduced significantly the gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers such as TNF-α, NF-κΒ and RANKL in P. gingivalis-LPS stimulated and P. gingivalis-infected EC. The proteome array revealed significant down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-8) and chemokine ligands (RANTES and IP-10), and upregulation of pro-healing mediators (PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, IL-10, IL-2, IL-4, IL-11 and IL-15) and, extracellular and immune modulators (TIMP-2, M-CSF and ICAM-1). M101 significantly increased the gene expression of Resolvin-E1 receptor. Furthermore, M101 treatment reduced P. gingivalis biofilm growth over glass surface, observed with live/dead analysis and by decreased P. gingivalis 16 s rRNA expression (51.7%) (p < 0.05). In mice, M101 reduced the clinical abscess size (50.2%) in P. gingivalis-induced calvarial lesion concomitant with a decreased inflammatory score evaluated through histomorphometric analysis, thus, improving soft tissue and bone healing response. Therefore, M101 may be a novel therapeutic agent that could be beneficial in the management of P. gingivalis associated diseases.
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Pan W, Wang Q, Chen Q. The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis. Int J Oral Sci 2019; 11:30. [PMID: 31685798 PMCID: PMC6828663 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0064-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving the destruction of both soft and hard tissue in the periodontal region. Although dysbiosis of the local microbial community initiates local inflammation, over-activation of the host immune response directly activates osteoclastic activity and alveolar bone loss. Many studies have reported on the cytokine network involved in periodontitis and its crucial and pleiotropic effect on the recruitment of specific immunocytes, control of pathobionts and induction or suppression of osteoclastic activity. Nonetheless, particularities in the stimulation of pathogens in the oral cavity that lead to the specific and complex periodontal cytokine network are far from clarified. Thus, in this review, we begin with an up-to-date aetiological hypothesis of periodontal disease and summarize the roles of cytokines in the host immune response. In addition, we also summarize the latest cytokine-related therapeutic measures for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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8
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Duruk G, Gurbuz T, Aksoy H. Effect of Interproximal Caries in Primary Molars on Clinical Parameters and Levels of Some Biochemical Markers in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 40:75-81. [PMID: 31638454 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between dental caries and periodontal health by examining the clinical parameters and levels of some biochemical markers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of the teeth. In 22 children, 22 maxillary primary canine teeth and a pair of primary molars in a total of 38 quadrants were examined. The control group (C) consisted of children who had at least 1 caries-free primary maxillary canine. The test group (T) consisted of children who had a pair of primary molars where the interproximal contact was lost due to the caries in the same quadrant. Their primary molars were restored with compomer. The teeth were evaluated based on clinical values (plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth) and biochemical values in GCF before (C0, T0) and after a 6-month treatment (C1, T1). While total amounts of interleukin-1 beta and vascular endothelial growth factor in GCF in T0 were significantly higher than in C0 (P < 0.001), osteocalcin was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Clinic parameters in T0 were significantly higher than in C0 and T1. Also these parameters in C0 were higher than in C1 (P < 0.01). Clinical and biochemical parameters in GCF in the teeth with interproximal caries might show symptoms of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsum Duruk
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Taskin Gurbuz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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MicroRNAs and immunity in periodontal health and disease. Int J Oral Sci 2018; 10:24. [PMID: 30078842 PMCID: PMC6080405 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-018-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of the host immune and inflammatory response against bacterial pathogens. In the present review, we discuss target genes, target gene functions, the potential regulatory role of miRNAs in periodontal tissues, and the potential role of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutics. In periodontal disease, miRNAs exert control over all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity, including the functions of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells and T and B cells. Previous human studies have highlighted some key miRNAs that are dysregulated in periodontitis patients. In the present study, we mapped the major miRNAs that were altered in our reproducible periodontitis mouse model relative to control animals. The miRNAs that were upregulated as a result of periodontal disease in both human and mouse studies included miR-15a, miR-29b, miR-125a, miR-146a, miR-148/148a and miR-223, whereas miR-92 was downregulated. The association of individual miRNAs with unique aspects of periodontal disease and their stability in gingival crevicular fluid underscores their potential as markers for periodontal disease progression or healthy restitution. Moreover, miRNA therapeutics hold great promise for the future of periodontal therapy because of their ability to modulate the immune response to infection when applied in conjunction with synthetic antagomirs and/or relatively straightforward delivery strategies.
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10
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Issaranggun Na Ayuthaya B, Everts V, Pavasant P. The immunopathogenic and immunomodulatory effects of interleukin-12 in periodontal disease. Eur J Oral Sci 2018; 126:75-83. [PMID: 29411897 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is an inflammatory cytokine that promotes the response of the immune system. This cytokine has been implicated as a potent stimulator of several diseases characterized by inflammatory-induced bone destruction, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis. Yet, the exact role of IL-12 in the development and progress of periodontitis has not been clarified. Several studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between the level of IL-12 and the severity of periodontal destruction. Deletion of IL-12 in mice with periodontitis significantly suppressed the level of bone destruction. Interestingly, next to a role in modulating the pathogenesis, IL-12 also has immunological-regulatory properties. This cytokine induces expression of immunosuppressive molecules, such as indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Thus, these findings suggest both negative and positive influences of IL-12 in periodontal disease. It is currently proposed that the diversity of action of cytokines is a molecular key which regulates biological development and homeostasis. Accordingly, the actions of IL-12 might be one of the mechanisms that regulate homeostasis of periodontal tissue during and following inflammation. Therefore, this article aims to review both destructive and protective functionalities of IL-12 with an emphasis on periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjar Issaranggun Na Ayuthaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vincent Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Research Unit of Mineralized Tissue, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kothiwale S, Ajbani J. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of chorion membrane in periodontal pocket therapy: A clinical and biochemical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2018; 22:433-437. [PMID: 30210193 PMCID: PMC6128129 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_280_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of chorion as a barrier membrane in periodontal pocket therapy by assessing interleukin-11 (IL-11) level in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Materials and Methods: The study was a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial with split-mouth design. In each patient, two sites in two quadrants were selected and randomly allocated in Group 1 (flap surgery) and Group 2 (flap surgery + chorion membrane placement). After Phase 1 therapy, clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded at baseline and at 4 weeks. Plaque index (PI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and IL-11 in GCF were assessed. GCF was collected using microcapillary tubes. IL-11 was assayed in GCF with ELISA kit (Genxbio®). Results: At baseline, the clinical and the biochemical parameters were similar in both the groups. Intragroup comparison revealed statistically significant decrease in all clinical and biochemical parameters in Group 1 (P < 0.001) and Group 2 (P < 0.001). Intergroup comparison showed statistically significant decrease in SBI (P = 0.004), PPD (P = 0.004), CAL (P = 0.013), and IL-11 (P = 0.006) in Group 2 compared to Group 1 at 4 weeks. However, PI did not show any statistically significant difference on intergroup comparison. Conclusion: Adjunctive use of chorion membrane in flap surgery provides an additive anti-inflammatory effect along with improvement in clinical outcomes enhancing the long-term prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaila Kothiwale
- Department of Periodontics, KAHE's KLE V. K. Institute of Dental Sciences, KAHER (KLE University), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyoti Ajbani
- Department of Periodontics, KAHE's KLE V. K. Institute of Dental Sciences, KAHER (KLE University), Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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12
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Wang Y, Niu ZY, Guo YJ, Wang LH, Lin FR, Zhang JY. IL-11 promotes the treatment efficacy of hematopoietic stem cell transplant therapy in aplastic anemia model mice through a NF-κB/microRNA-204/thrombopoietin regulatory axis. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e410. [PMID: 29217821 PMCID: PMC5750475 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation could be of therapeutic value for aplastic anemia (AA) patients, and immunosuppressants may facilitate the efficiency of the procedure. As anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-11 (IL-11) has a thrombopoietic effect, its use in cases of chronic bone marrow failure, such as AA, has been proposed to induce HSC function. However, the putative mechanisms that may support this process remain poorly defined. We found that decreased miR-204-5p levels were coincident with increased proliferation in mouse HSCs following exposure to IL-11 in vitro. Through inhibiting NF-кB activity, miR-204-5p repression was demonstrated to be a downstream effect of IL-11 signaling. miR-204-5p was shown to directly target thrombopoietin (TPO) via sequence-dependent 3′-UTR repression, indicating that this microRNA-dependent pathway could serve an essential role in supporting IL-11 functions in HSCs. Increased TPO expression in HSCs following IL-11 exposure could be mimicked or blocked by inhibiting or overexpressing miR-204-5p, respectively. Consistent with these in vitro findings, IL-11 promoted HSC engraftment in a mouse model of AA, an effect that was attenuated in cells overexpressing miR-204-5p. The reduction in miR-204-5p levels is an integral component of IL-11 signaling that may play an essential role in treating AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Niu
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Jie Guo
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Feng-Ru Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jing-Yu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Hematology, Shijiazhuang, China
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13
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Toker H, Görgün EP, Korkmaz EM. Analysis of IL-6, IL-10 and NF-κB Gene Polymorphisms in Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis. Cent Eur J Public Health 2017; 25:157-162. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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14
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Ito H, Numabe Y, Hashimoto S, Sekino S, Murakashi E, Ishiguro H, Sasaki D, Yaegashi T, Takai H, Mezawa M, Ogata Y, Watanabe H, Hagiwara S, Izumi Y, Hiroshima Y, Kido JI, Nagata T, Kunimatsu K. Correlation Between Gingival Crevicular Fluid Hemoglobin Content and Periodontal Clinical Parameters. J Periodontol 2016; 87:1314-1319. [PMID: 27468797 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2016.160092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) are essential clinical parameters used for periodontal diagnosis. This study investigated whether detection of hemoglobin (Hb) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), along with PD and BOP, would improve diagnostic accuracy. METHODS After plaque index (PI) was measured, GCF was collected from the gingival sulci of 401 anterior teeth in the maxilla and mandible from 184 patients who had entered periodontal maintenance therapy. Clinical parameters (gingival index [GI], PD, clinical attachment level [CAL], and BOP) were recorded. Hb values in GCF were assessed by immunochromatography. Moreover, cutoff values for PI, GI, and CAL based on the degree of PD and amount of GCF were created and analyzed. RESULTS Hb was detected in 64.8% of GCF samples in 105 BOP-negative (-) sites in the periodontally stable group out of 107 sites that were less than all cutoff values. There were 71 BOP(-) sites in the periodontal-management-required group out of 122 sites that were more than all cutoff values, although no improvement in periodontal disease was observed. Hb was detected in 88.7% of GCF samples from these 71 BOP(-) sites. CONCLUSIONS Hb was observed in more than 60% of GCF samples in BOP(-) gingival sulci in both periodontally stable and periodontal-management-required groups. These results suggest inspection of Hb derived from microbleeding in gingival sulci may serve as an index for preclinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Numabe
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Sekino
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Murakashi
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ishiguro
- Department of Periodontology, School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, The Nippon Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sasaki
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Periodontology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Iwate, Japan
| | - Takashi Yaegashi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Rehabilitation, Division of Periodontology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hideki Takai
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masaru Mezawa
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yorimasa Ogata
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Watanabe
- Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Section of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Hagiwara
- Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Section of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Hard Tissue Engineering, Section of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Hiroshima
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kido
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nagata
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
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15
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Stadler AF, Angst PDM, Arce RM, Gomes SC, Oppermann RV, Susin C. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of cytokines/chemokines in chronic periodontitis: a meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:727-45. [PMID: 27027257 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) cytokines/chemokines levels between periodontally healthy subjects and subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis (ChP), before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment, and to establish their predictive value for periodontal disease progression. METHODS Studies indexed in MEDLINE and EMBASE published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were eligible for this review. Database searches up to December 2015, and manual search of the reference list from reviews and selected articles was performed. Only studies providing data on GCF cytokines/chemokines levels in subjects diagnosed with ChP and periodontally healthy controls were included. Cross-sectional, case series, single-arm clinical studies, randomized controlled trials and prospective/retrospective cohort studies were included. Meta-analyses were conducted for those cytokines/chemokines with at least three available studies. RESULTS GCF levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ and MCP-1/CCL2 were significantly higher in subjects diagnosed with ChP than periodontally healthy subjects. A significant decrease in GCF levels of IL-1β and IL-17 was observed after non-surgical periodontal treatment, whereas a significant increase was observed for IL-4. CONCLUSION Evidence for significant differences between periodontal health and ChP was observed for a few cytokines and one chemokine. No conclusions could be drawn with regards to increased risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda F Stadler
- Section of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Patrícia D M Angst
- Section of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger M Arce
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Sabrina C Gomes
- Section of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rui V Oppermann
- Section of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Susin
- Department of Periodontics, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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A panoramic review and in silico analysis of IL-11 structure and function. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2016; 32:41-61. [PMID: 27312790 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human Interleukin (IL)-11 is a multifunctional cytokine, recognized for its thrombopoietic effects for more than two decades; clinically, IL-11 is used in the treatment of thrombocytopenia. IL-11 shares structural and functional similarities with IL-6, a related family member. In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in IL-11, because its distinct biological activities associated with cancers of epithelial origin and inflammatory disorders have been revealed. Although the crystal structure of IL-11 was resolved more than two years, a better understanding of the mechanisms of IL-11 action is required to further extend the clinical use of IL-11. This review will discuss the available structural, functional, and bioinformatics knowledge concerning IL-11 and will summarize its relationship with several diseases.
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17
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Chen S, Braun TM. Tests for time-invariant correlation of longitudinally measured biomarkers. Stat Med 2015; 34:3888-900. [DOI: 10.1002/sim.6580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Michigan; 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor 48109 MI U.S.A
| | - Thomas M. Braun
- Department of Biostatistics; University of Michigan; 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor 48109 MI U.S.A
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Inflammatory Mediators of Leprosy Reactional Episodes and Dental Infections: A Systematic Review. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:548540. [PMID: 26339136 PMCID: PMC4539113 DOI: 10.1155/2015/548540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactional episodes in leprosy are a result of complex interactions between the immune system, Mycobacterium leprae, and predisposing factors, including dental infections. To determine the main inflammatory mediators in the immunopathological process of dental infections and leprosy reactions, we conducted a systematic review of primary literature published between 1996 and 2013. A three-stage literature search was performed (Stage I, "leprosy reactions" and "inflammatory mediators"; Stage II, "dental infections" and "inflammatory mediators"; and Stage III, "leprosy reactions," "dental infections," and "inflammatory mediators"). Of the 911 eligible publications, 10 were selected in Stage I, 68 in Stage II, and 1 in Stage III. Of the 27 studied inflammatory mediators, the main proinflammatory mediators were IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17; the main anti-inflammatory mediators were IL-10 and IL-4. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were significant during periodontal and reactional lesion evolution; IFN-γ and IL-1β were associated with types 1 and 2 reactions and chronic periodontal disease. The proinflammatory mediators in dental infections and leprosy reactions, especially IL-6 and TNF-α, were similar across studies, regardless of the laboratory technique and sample type. IFN-γ and IL-1β were significant for leprosy reactions and periodontal diseases. This pattern was maintained in serum.
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Prasad R, Suchetha A, Lakshmi P, Darshan MB, Apoorva SM, Ashit GB. Interleukin-11 - its role in the vicious cycle of inflammation, periodontitis and diabetes: A clinicobiochemical cross-sectional study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19:159-63. [PMID: 26015665 PMCID: PMC4439624 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.152108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Context: Interleukin-11 (IL-11) is a multifunctional cytokine with a probable regulatory role in the inflamed periodontal tissue. It has also been shown to inhibit the production of potent proinflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1β in vitro. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which demonstrates an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, might hypothetically, display a decrease in the levels of IL-11, which down-regulates synthesis of the proinflammatory cytokines. Aims: This clinicobiochemical cross-sectional study was undertaken to try to interpret the link between IL-11, diabetes and periodontitis and to explore the probable protective role of IL-11. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients were included in the study and were divided into five groups based on community periodontal index scores and diabetes status. Probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were measured in all the subjects. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from all the participants using micropipettes and blood samples were collected from subjects in Groups III, IV and V, for analysis of glycated hemoglobin. IL-11 levels were measured in GCF samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical Analysis: The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The GCF IL-11 levels decreased from periodontal health to disease and in periodontitis patients with type 2 diabetes with decreasing glycemic control. Conclusions: Interleukin-11 may play an important role in the modulation of immune response via the reduction of proinflammatory cytokine production and periodontal tissue damage. It was seen in this study that IL-11 could be detected in GCF and the levels of IL-11 in GCF decreased progressively from healthy to periodontitis sites. IL-11 levels were significantly lower in chronic periodontitis group when compared to gingivitis group. The decrease in the levels of IL-11 probably indicates that both diabetes and periodontitis may play a synergistic role in the suppression of protective host responses. The potential of IL-11 as a probable biomarker of inflammation in both periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus is indicated by the changeability of IL-11 levels with the change in periodontal disease status and glycemic control. Further longitudinal studies are needed to validate IL-11 as a “biomarker of inflammation” in periodontal disease and diabetes progression and to prove its role in the connecting link between periodontal disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Prasad
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Aganashini Suchetha
- Department of Periodontics, D. A. Pandu Memorial R. V. Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Puzhankara Lakshmi
- Department of Periodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | | | | | - Gulabdas Bharwani Ashit
- Department of Periodontics, K. M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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20
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Cerutis DR, Weston MD, Alnouti Y, Bathena SP, Nunn ME, Ogunleye AO, McVaney TP, Headen KV, Miyamoto T. A Major Human Oral Lysophosphatidic Acid Species, LPA 18:1, Regulates Novel Genes in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2015; 86:713-25. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Sharma A, Khattak BP, Naagtilak S, Singh G, Bano T. Effect of periodontal therapy on salivary interleukin-12 levels in chronic periodontitis. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC90-2. [PMID: 25478457 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/10598.5073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is considered a central regulator of host resistance against a variety of pathogens. The influence of scaling and root planing was evaluated on amount of IL-12 in salivary fluid of patients with chronic generalized severe periodontitis, in relation to clinical parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 50 subjects were enrolled, of which 25 had chronic generalized severe periodontitis, and 25 periodontally healthy as control. The clinical parameters included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket probing depth (PPD) bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL). The level of IL-12 in salivary fluid was measured by ELISA kit at baseline and at four week following scaling and root planing. RESULTS Mean IL-12 levels in patients with periodontitis at baseline (9.79 ± 5.70 pg/ml) were higher than in controls (9.18±4.94 pg/ml; p=0.54.) Scaling and root planing resulted in significant increase in IL-12 levels (mean: 15.93±12.09 pg/ml; p =0.001) (control vs postoperative p <0.001). No significant correlations were found between IL-12 levels and any of the above clinical parameters. CONCLUSION Short-term nonsurgical therapy resulted in a significant improvement in periodontal indices and a marked increase in IL-12 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Sharma
- Professor and Head, Department of Periodontology, Subharti Dental College and Hospital , Delhi-Haridwar by Pass Road, Subharti Puram, Meerut, UP, India
| | - B P Khattak
- Professor, Department of Periodontology, Subharti Dental College and Hospital , Delhi-Haridwar by Pass Road, Subharti Puram, Meerut, UP, India
| | - S Naagtilak
- Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Subharti Medical College and Hospital , Delhi-Haridwar by Pass Road, Subharti Puram, Meerut, UP, India
| | - Ganesh Singh
- Assistant Professor, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, LLRM Medical College Meerut, UP, India
| | - Tanveer Bano
- Associate Professor, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, LLRM Medical College Meerut, UP, India
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Stähli A, Bosshardt D, Sculean A, Gruber R. Emdogain-regulated gene expression in palatal fibroblasts requires TGF-βRI kinase signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105672. [PMID: 25197981 PMCID: PMC4157743 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide microarrays have suggested that Emdogain regulates TGF-β target genes in gingival and palatal fibroblasts. However, definitive support for this contention and the extent to which TGF-β signaling contributes to the effects of Emdogain has remained elusive. We therefore studied the role of the TGF-β receptor I (TGF-βRI) kinase to mediate the effect of Emdogain on palatal fibroblasts. Palatal fibroblasts were exposed to Emdogain with and without the inhibitor for TGF-βRI kinase, SB431542. Emdogain caused 39 coding genes to be differentially expressed in palatal fibroblasts by microarray analysis (p<0.05; >10-fold). Importantly, in the presence of the TGF-βRI kinase inhibitor SB431542, Emdogain failed to cause any significant changes in gene expression. Consistent with this mechanism, three independent TGF-βRI kinase inhibitors and a TGF-β neutralizing antibody abrogated the increased expression of IL-11, a selected Emdogain target gene. The MAPK inhibitors SB203580 and U0126 lowered the impact of Emdogain on IL-11 expression. The data support that TGF-βRI kinase activity is necessary to mediate the effects of Emdogain on gene expression in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Bosshardt
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Cosyn J, Christiaens V, Koningsveld V, Coucke PJ, De Coster P, De Paepe A, De Bruyn H. An Exploratory Case-Control Study on the Impact ofIL-1Gene Polymorphisms on Early Implant Failure. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2014; 18:234-40. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Cosyn
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology; Dental School; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Dental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; Free University of Brussels; Brussels Belgium
| | - Véronique Christiaens
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology; Dental School; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Vincent Koningsveld
- Dental School; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Paul J. Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Peter De Coster
- Unit of Oral Development and Applied Oral Histology; PaeCaMed Research Group; Dental School; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Hugo De Bruyn
- Periodontology and Oral Implantology; Dental School; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
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Boronat-Catalá M, Catalá-Pizarro M, Bagán Sebastián JV. Salivary and crevicular fluid interleukins in gingivitis. J Clin Exp Dent 2014; 6:e175-9. [PMID: 24790719 PMCID: PMC4002349 DOI: 10.4317/jced.51403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gingivitis is a frequent inflammatory process of the gum tissue that is mainly caused by the accumulation of plaque. The immune response against inflammatory processes is regulated in part by cytokines. AIMS Given that a continuous inflammation exists in gingivitis, it would be logical to assume that the interleukins will be altered locally in those patients. Therefore, the aim of this review was to check whether there is evidence that the interleukins can be used as diagnostic markers of inflammation levels in patients with gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A bibliographical search was undertaken using the key words interleukin and gingivitis in Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus and Embase. Only those articles published over the last 10 years that were systematic reviews, case-controls or cohort studies in which interleukins in saliva and/or crevicular fluid was investigated in patients with gingivitis were selected. RESULTS Finally 15 articles were selected, all of them being case-control studies. The interleukins analyzed in the reviewed articles were: IL-1β, IL-8, IL-18, IL-11, IL-12, TNFα, IL-4, IL-17, IL-1α and IL-6. The most commonly studied interleukin is IL-1β and most authors agree that it is higher in the saliva and/or crevicular fluid of patients with gingivitis. Therefore, it could be used as a diagnostic marker of the degree of inflammation in gingivitis. Moreover, as far as the other interleukins studied are concerned, there is no clear consensus among the authors. CONCLUSION There is sufficient evidence to suggest that IL-1β in saliva and/or crevicular fluid can be used as a marker of the degree of inflammation in gingivitis. Key words:Interleukins, gingivitis, saliva, crevicular fluid.
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Effect of oral administration involving a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus reuteri on pro-inflammatory cytokine response in patients with chronic periodontitis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2014; 62:495-500. [PMID: 24509697 PMCID: PMC4244533 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-014-0277-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluation of pro-inflammatory cytokine response (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17) in patients with chronic periodontitis administered per os with a probiotic strain of Lactobacillus reuteri. In the 38 adult patients with moderate chronic periodontitis, professional cleaning of teeth was performed. Two weeks after performing the oral hygienization procedures, clinical examination permitted to distinguish a group of 24 patients (Group 1) in whom treatment with probiotic tablets containing L. reuteri strain, producing hydrogen peroxide (Prodentis), was conducted. In the remaining 14 patients, no probiotic tablet treatment was applied (the control group; Group 2). From all patients in two terms, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was sampled from all periodontal pockets. Estimation of TNF-α, IL-lβ and IL-17 in GCF was performed using the ELISA method. After completion of the therapy with probiotic tablets, 18 (75 %) of the patients of Group 1 have manifested a significant decrease in levels of studied pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-17). In parallel, we have detected an improvement of clinical indices [sulcus bleeding index (SBI), periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL)]. At individuals of Group 2 levels of studies, pro-inflammatory cytokines and clinical indices (SBI, PPD, CAL) were significantly higher than in Group 1. Results obtained in this study indicate that application of oral treatment with tablets containing probiotic strain of L. reuteri induces in most patients with chronic periodontitis a significant reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine response and improvement of clinical parameters (SBI, PPD, CAL). Therefore, such an effect may result in a reduced activity of the morbid process.
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Duarte PM, Bezerra JP, Miranda TS, Feres M, Chambrone L, Shaddox LM. Local levels of inflammatory mediators in uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2013; 41:11-8. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Poliana M. Duarte
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Joyce P. Bezerra
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Tamires S. Miranda
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Leandro Chambrone
- Department of Periodontology; Dental Research Division; Guarulhos University; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Luciana M. Shaddox
- Department of Periodontology; University of Florida College of Dentistry; Gainesville Florida USA
- Department of Oral Biology; University of Florida College of Dentistry; Gainesville Florida USA
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Queiroz AC, Nobrega PBD, Oliveira FS, Novaes Jr. AB, Taba Jr. M, Palioto DB, Grisi MFM, Souza SLS. Treatment of Intrabony Defects with Anorganic Bone Matrix/P-15 or Guided Tissue Regeneration in Patients with Aggressive Periodontitis. Braz Dent J 2013; 24:204-12. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440201302169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrabony periodontal defects present a particular treatment problem, especially in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP). Regenerative procedures have been indicated for this clinical situation. The aim of this study was to compare treatment outcomes of intrabony periodontal defects with either anorganic bone matrix/cell binding peptide (ABM/P-15) or guided tissue regeneration (GTR) in patients with G-AgP. Fifteen patients, with two intrabony defects ≥3 mm deep, were selected. Patients were randomly allocated to be treated with ABM/P-15 or GTR. At baseline and at 3 and 6 months after surgery, clinical and radiographic parameters and IL-1β and IL-6 gingival fluid concentrations were recorded. There was a significant probing pocket depth reduction (p<0.001) for both groups (2.27 ± 0.96 mm for ABM/P-15 group and 2.57 ± 1.06 mm for GTR group). Clinical attachment level gain (1.87 ± 0.94 mm for ABM/P-15 group and 2.09 ± 0.88 mm for GTR group) was also observed. There were no statistically significant differences in clinical parameters between the groups. The radiographic bone fill was more expressive in ABM/P-15 group (2.49 mm) than in GTR group (0.73 mm). In subtraction radiographs, the areas representing gain in density were 93.16% of the baseline defect for ABM/P-15 group versus 62.03% in GRT group. There were no statistically significant differences in inter-group and intra-group comparisons with regards to IL-1β and IL-6 quantification. Treatment of intrabony periodontal defects in patients with G-AgP with ABM/P-15 and GTR improved significantly the clinical outcomes. The use of ABM/P-15 promoted a better radiographic bone fill.
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IL-17 and IL-11 GCF levels in aggressive and chronic periodontitis patients: relation to PCR bacterial detection. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:174764. [PMID: 23226926 PMCID: PMC3513783 DOI: 10.1155/2012/174764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives. This study evaluated IL-17 and IL-11 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) patients in relation to periodontopathic bacteria. Subjects and Methods. GCF samples were collected from 65 subjects including 25 CP, 25 GAgP, and 15 controls (C) and analyzed for IL-17 and IL-11 by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Molecular detection of bacteria in the dental plaque was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Results. The total amount of IL-17 was significantly higher in GAgP group than in GCP and C groups (P < 0.001). The IL-11 concentration was significantly higher in C and GCP groups than GAgP group (P < 0.001). The IL-11/IL-17 ratio was significantly higher in the C group than in GCP and GAgP groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, GAgP group showed lower ratios of IL-11/IL-17 when compared to GCP group. The high positivity of P. gingivalis in the dental plaque was associated with significantly increased GCF levels of IL-17 in GCP and GAgP patients. Conclusions. The increased IL-17 level in GCF of GAgP suggests a potential role in the aetiopathogenesis. Meanwhile, the decreased ratio of IL-11/IL-17 might reflect an imbalance between the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in different periodontal diseases.
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Zhu L, Wu Y, Wei H, Yang S, Zhan N, Xing X, Peng B. Up-regulation of IL-23 p19 expression in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts by IL-1β via concurrent activation of the NF-κB and MAPKs/AP-1 pathways. Cytokine 2012; 60:171-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Sparks Stein P, Steffen MJ, Smith C, Jicha G, Ebersole JL, Abner E, Dawson D. Serum antibodies to periodontal pathogens are a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 8:196-203. [PMID: 22546352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation in periodontal disease has been suggested as a potential risk factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this study was to examine serum antibody levels to bacteria of periodontal disease in participants who eventually converted to AD compared with the antibody levels in control subjects. METHODS Serum samples from 158 participants in the Biologically Resilient Adults in Neurological Studies research program at the University of Kentucky were analyzed for immunoglobulin G antibody levels to seven oral bacteria associated with periodontitis, including Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Campylobacter rectus, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia. All 158 participants were cognitively intact at baseline venous blood draw. In all, 81 of the participants developed either mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD or both, and 77 controls remained cognitively intact in the years of follow-up. Antibody levels were compared between controls and subjects with AD at baseline draw and after conversion and controls and subjects with MCI at baseline draw and after conversion using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. AD and MCI participants were not directly compared. Linear regression models were used to adjust for potential confounding. RESULTS Antibody levels to F nucleatum and P intermedia were significantly increased (α = 0.05) at baseline serum draw in the patients with AD compared with controls. These results remained significant when controlling for baseline age, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and apolipoprotein epsilon 4 status. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial data that demonstrate elevated antibodies to periodontal disease bacteria in subjects years before cognitive impairment and suggests that periodontal disease could potentially contribute to the risk of AD onset/progression. Additional cohort studies profiling oral clinical presentation with systemic response and AD and prospective studies to evaluate any cause-and-effect association are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Sparks Stein
- Department of Oral Health Science, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
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Konopka L, Pietrzak A, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E. Effect of scaling and root planing on interleukin-1β, interleukin-8 and MMP-8 levels in gingival crevicular fluid from chronic periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 2012; 47:681-8. [PMID: 22510045 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE There are few data concerning the effect of scaling and root planing on the levels of immune and inflammatory mediators in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis. Therefore, in this study the influence of scaling and root planing was determined on amounts of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8 and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis, in relation to clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 51 patients were enrolled in this study. The study population consisted of 30 patients with generalized advanced chronic periodontitis, while 21 periodontally healthy subjects were recruited for the control group. The clinical parameters included approximal plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss. The amounts of IL-1β, IL-8 and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid were measured by ELISA. Periodontal parameters as well as gingival crevicular fluid humoral factor amounts were evaluated in the control group and in chronic periodontitis patients at baseline and at 1 and 4 wk after scaling and root planing treatment. RESULTS At baseline, there were significant differences between control subjects and chronic periodontitis patients in terms of clinical attachment loss, pocket depth, gingival index (p < 0.001) and approximal plaque index (p < 0.01). The amounts of IL-1β, MMP-8 (p < 0.001) and IL-8 (p < 0.01) in gingival crevicular fluid were significantly lower in healthy subjects than in chronic periodontitis patients. Scaling and root planing led to improvement in all examined clinical parameters, apart from clinical attachment loss. Periodontal treatment also resulted in a significant decrease in the amounts of IL-1β, IL-8 and MMP-8 in comparison to baseline, especially 4 wk after scaling and root planing (p < 0.001); however, the amounts of these humoral factors were still higher than those in control group. CONCLUSION Our observations indicated that short-term nonsurgical therapy resulted in a significant improvement in periodontal indices and in a marked decrease of IL-1β, IL-8 and MMP-8 gingival crevicular fluid levels. Nevertheless, no significant correlations were found between clinical parameters and amounts of humoral factors after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Konopka
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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Becerik S, Öztürk VÖ, Atmaca H, Atilla G, Emingil G. Gingival crevicular fluid and plasma acute-phase cytokine levels in different periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2012; 83:1304-13. [PMID: 22248224 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study is to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma acute-phase cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-11 (IL-11), oncostatin M (OSM), and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) levels in patients with different periodontal diseases. METHODS Eighty individuals were included in this study; 20 with chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), 20 with gingivitis, and 20 classified as healthy (H). Probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and papilla bleeding index were recorded. Plasma and GCF IL-1β, IL-6, IL-11, OSM, and LIF levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS CP and GAgP groups had significantly higher GCF IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-11 levels when compared with the H group (P <0.05). Conversely, GCF LIF levels of the CP and GAgP groups were lower than those of the H group (P <0.05). GCF OSM levels did not differ significantly among study groups. Plasma levels of all the cytokines studied were not significantly different among the study groups. CONCLUSIONS Based on the present data, elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-11 GCF levels, but not plasma levels, are suggested as reliable inflammatory biomarkers in periodontal diseases. Decreased LIF levels in diseased groups might reflect the possible beneficial effects of LIF in the modulation of inflammatory response in gingiva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Becerik
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey.
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Ay ZY, Yılmaz G, Ozdem M, Koçak H, Sütçü R, Uskun E, Tonguç MÖ, Kırzıoğlu FY. The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin-11 and interleukin-17 in patients with aggressive periodontitis. J Periodontol 2012; 83:1425-31. [PMID: 22248221 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2012.110585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The balance (ratio) of anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory cytokines is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Moreover, the imbalance of anti-inflammatory/proinflammatory cytokines may modulate disease progression in aggressive periodontitis (AgP). This study aims to investigate the levels of interleukin (IL)-11 and IL-17 and their ratio in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in patients with AgP. METHODS This study included 20 patients with generalized AgP (GAgP) and 18 healthy controls (HC). For each patient, the values of clinical parameters, such as gingival index, plaque index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level, were recorded. Levels of IL-11 and IL-17 in GCF samples were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The values of clinical parameters, cytokine levels, and the ratios of cytokines were evaluated. RESULTS The values of all the clinical parameters were significantly higher in the GAgP group than in the HC group (P < 0.001). The total amount and concentration of IL-11 and the concentration of the IL-17 and IL-11/IL-17 ratio were significantly lower in the GAgP group than in the HC group (P < 0.001). The total amount of IL-17 was not significantly different between the groups (P = 0.317). CONCLUSIONS The IL-11/IL-17 ratio was decreased in the GAgP group because of the decreased IL-11 levels. The IL-11/IL-17 axis and the link between IL-17 and neutrophil function disorders in AgP should be investigated to clarify the role of the IL-11/IL-17 axis and its balance and imbalance in the pathogenesis of AgP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhal Yetkin Ay
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey.
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Firat E, Ercan E, Gurgan S, Cakir FY, Berker E. The Effect of Bleachıng Systems on the Gingiva and the Levels of IL-1β and IL-10 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid. Oper Dent 2011; 36:572-80. [DOI: 10.2341/10-058-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Clinical Relevance
Home and chemically activated bleaching systems could be considered safer in tooth whitening and maintaining gingival health when compared with a light-activated bleaching system.
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Bostanci N, Akgül B, Tsakanika V, Allaker RP, Hughes FJ, McKay IJ. Effects of low-dose doxycycline on cytokine secretion in human monocytes stimulated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Cytokine 2011; 56:656-61. [PMID: 21962932 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Doxycycline is an antibiotic used in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory conditions, including periodontitis. Apart from its antimicrobial properties, this drug also has independent anti-inflammatory effects at sub-antimicrobial doses. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of low-doses of doxycycline (LDD) on cytokine production by human monocytic cells challenged with the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, for up to 6 h. The simultaneous regulation of 12 cytokines were measured by a Human Cytokine Array Kit. To validate the array findings, selected cytokines were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). A. actinomycetemcomitans stimulated the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 by the cells after 6 h of challenge, and doxycycline significantly inhibited this effect. The kinetics of this regulation demonstrated an early (within 2 h) and significant (P<0.05) inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines, with a mild (0.5-fold) up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The results indicate that LDD acts as an anti-inflammatory agent in human monocytic cells stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans. This model provides clear evidence that some of the clinically proven benefits of LDD may be related to its ability to regulate inflammatory mediator release by monocytic cells. This property may contribute to the clinically proven benefits of this antibiotic as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bostanci
- Oral Translational Research, Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Sánchez-Hernández PE, Zamora-Perez AL, Fuentes-Lerma M, Robles-Gómez C, Mariaud-Schmidt RP, Guerrero-Velázquez C. IL-12 and IL-18 levels in serum and gingival tissue in aggressive and chronic periodontitis. Oral Dis 2011; 17:522-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2011.01798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Figueredo CM, Brito F, Barros FC, Menegat JSB, Pedreira RR, Fischer RG, Gustafsson A. Expression of cytokines in the gingival crevicular fluid and serum from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and untreated chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:141-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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IL-17R activation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts induces IL-23 p19 production: Differential involvement of NF-κB versus JNK/AP-1 pathways. Mol Immunol 2011; 48:647-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Aspriello SD, Zizzi A, Tirabassi G, Buldreghini E, Biscotti T, Faloia E, Stramazzotti D, Boscaro M, Piemontese M. Diabetes mellitus-associated periodontitis: differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Periodontal Res 2010; 46:164-9. [PMID: 21108647 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2010.01324.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although many studies have appeared about diabetes mellitus-associated periodontitis, few have compared periodontitis inflammatory markers between type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and information regarding this issue is scarce and contradictory. We evaluated the levels of plasma C-reactive protein and of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid in two groups of subjects affected by T1DM and T2DM, in order to identify possible differences between the two classes in the inflammatory mechanisms of diabetes mellitus-associated periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma C-reactive protein and gingival crevicular fluid IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were measured in periodontitis patients affected by type 1 (P-T1DM, n = 24) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (P-T2DM, n = 24). RESULTS Gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in P-T1DM subjects were significantly higher than in P-T2DM subjects. In P-T1DM subjects, we found significant negative correlations between the duration of diabetes mellitus and IL-1β and between the duration of diabetes mellitus and TNF-α. CONCLUSION This study shows that IL-1β and TNF-α levels in periodontitis patients with T1DM are affected by the duration of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Aspriello
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Clinical and Dental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Torrette, Ancona, Italy
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Schallhorn RA, Patel DN, Chandrasekar B, Mealey BL. Periodontal Disease in Association With Systemic Levels of Interleukin-18 and CXC Ligand 16 in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization. J Periodontol 2010; 81:1180-6. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2010.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Nikolajczyk BS. B cells as under-appreciated mediators of non-auto-immune inflammatory disease. Cytokine 2010; 50:234-42. [PMID: 20382544 PMCID: PMC2917985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2010.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
B lymphocytes play roles in many auto-immune diseases characterized by unresolved inflammation, and B cell ablation is proving to be a relatively safe, effective treatment for such diseases. B cells function, in part, as important sources of regulatory cytokines in auto-immune disease, but B cell cytokines also play roles in other non-auto-immune inflammatory diseases. B cell ablation may therefore benefit inflammatory disease patients in addition to its demonstrated efficacy in auto-immune disease. Current ablation drugs clear both pro- and anti-inflammatory B cell subsets, which may unexpectedly exacerbate some pathologies. This possibility argues that a more thorough understanding of B cell function in human inflammatory disease is required to safely harness the clinical promise of B cell ablation. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and periodontal disease (PD) are two inflammatory diseases characterized by little autoimmunity. These diseases are linked by coincident presentation and alterations in toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent B cell cytokine production, which may identify B cell ablation as a new therapy for co-affected individuals. Further analysis of the role B cells and B cell cytokines play in T2D, PD and other inflammatory diseases is required to justify testing B cell depletion therapies on a broader range of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, L-516, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Trombelli L, Scapoli C, Carrieri A, Giovannini G, Calura G, Farina R. Interleukin-1 beta levels in gingival crevicular fluid and serum under naturally occurring and experimentally induced gingivitis. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:697-704. [PMID: 20528961 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2010.01573.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum in either naturally occurring (N-O) or experimentally induced (E-I) plaque-associated gingivitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-seven periodontally healthy subjects were evaluated in real life conditions (N-O gingivitis) as well as after 21 days of experimental gingivitis trial (E-I gingivitis). During the experimental gingivitis trial, in one maxillary quadrant (test quadrant), gingival inflammation was induced by oral hygiene abstention, while in the contralateral (control) quadrant, oral hygiene was routinely continued. IL-1 beta concentrations in N-O and E-I gingivitis were investigated for IL-1B(+3954) and IL-1B(-511) gene polymorphisms. RESULTS (i) GCF IL-1 beta concentrations in E-I gingivitis were significantly higher compared with N-O gingivitis; (ii) an intra-individual correlation between GCF concentrations of IL-1 beta detected in N-O and E-I gingivitis was observed in control quadrants, but not in test quadrants; (iii) IL-1 beta concentration in GCF was associated with IL-1B(+3954) genotype only at test quadrants; (iv) IL-1 beta was detectable in serum only at low levels in a limited number of subjects, without difference between gingivitis conditions. CONCLUSIONS Aspects of the bacterial challenge to the gingival tissues, such as the amount of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rate, appear to affect the IL-1 beta levels in GCF in subjects with a specific IL-1B genotype.
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Figuero E, Carrillo-de-Albornoz A, Herrera D, Bascones-Martínez A. Gingival changes during pregnancy: I. Influence of hormonal variations on clinical and immunological parameters. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:220-9. [PMID: 20070862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Figuero
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
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Salvi GE, Franco LM, Braun TM, Lee A, Rutger Persson G, Lang NP, Giannobile WV. Pro-inflammatory biomarkers during experimental gingivitis in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a proof-of-concept study. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 37:9-16. [PMID: 19958441 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarker levels and microbial distribution in plaque biofilm (SP) samples for subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) versus healthy subjects without diabetes during experimental gingivitis (EG). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of nine T1DM patients and nine healthy controls of age and gender similar to the T1DM patients were monitored for 35 days during EG. Hygiene practices were stopped for 3 weeks, and GCF, SP, plaque index (PI) and gingival index were determined. IL-1beta, IL-8, MMP-8 and MMP-9 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and SP samples were assessed by DNA-DNA hybridization for a panel of 40 subgingival microbial species. RESULTS IL-1beta levels in T1DM patients were elevated compared with healthy individuals, and showed differences between groups at 7-21 days while healthy patients showed IL-1beta increases from baseline to 14-21 days (p<0.05). Differences were observed in MMP-9 levels between patients with and without T1DM at 7-14 days (p<0.05). Orange complex species and PI measurements displayed a superior correlation with biomarker levels when compared with other complexes or clinical measurements during EG. CONCLUSIONS The mean GCF biomarker levels for IL-1beta and MMP-8 were most significantly elevated in T1DM subjects compared with healthy individuals during EG, not resulting from differences in the mean PI or microbial composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni E Salvi
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Gurfein BT, Zhang Y, López CB, Argaw AT, Zameer A, Moran TM, John GR. IL-11 regulates autoimmune demyelination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:4229-40. [PMID: 19734214 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Current therapies for the autoimmune demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS) target inflammation, but do not directly address neuroprotection or lesion repair. Cytokines of the gp130 family regulate survival and differentiation of both neural and immune cells, and we recently identified expression of the family member IL-11 in active MS plaques. In this study, we show that IL-11 regulates the clinical course and neuropathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a demyelinating model that mimics many of the clinical and pathologic features of MS. Importantly, the effects of IL-11 are achieved via a combination of immunoregulation and direct neuroprotection. IL-11R-alpha-null (IL-11Ralpha(-/-)) mice displayed a significant increase in clinical severity and neuropathology of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis compared with wild-type littermates. Inflammation, demyelination, and oligodendrocyte and neuronal loss were all exacerbated in IL-11Ra(-/-) animals. Conversely, wild-type mice treated with IL-11 displayed milder clinical signs and neuropathology than vehicle-treated controls. In cocultures of murine myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein(35-55)-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD11c+ APCs, IL-11 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in T cell-derived effector cytokine production. This effect was generated via modulation of CD11c+ APC-mediated lymphocyte activation, and was associated with a decrease in the size of the CD11c+ cell population. Conversely, IL-11 strongly reduced apoptosis and potentiated mitosis in primary cultures of mouse oligodendrocyte progenitors. Collectively, these data reveal that IL-11 regulates inflammatory demyelination via a unique combination of immunoregulation and neuroprotection. IL-11 signaling may represent a therapeutic avenue to restrict CNS inflammation and potentiate oligodendrocyte survival in autoimmune demyelinating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake T Gurfein
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Gulen H, Ataoglu H, Haliloglu S, Isik K. Proinflammatory cytokines in temporomandibular joint synovial fluid before and after arthrocentesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 107:e1-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2008] [Revised: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yetkin Ay Z, Sütçü R, Uskun E, Bozkurt FY, Berker E. The impact of the IL-11:IL-17 ratio on the chronic periodontitis pathogenesis: a preliminary report. Oral Dis 2009; 15:93-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2008.01497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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