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Reeder MJ, Idrogo-Lam A, Aravamuthan SR, Warshaw EM, DeKoven JG, Silverberg JI, Adler BL, Atwater AR, Taylor JS, Houle MC, Belsito DV, Yu J, Botto N, Mowad CM, Dunnick CA, DeLeo VA, Pratt MD. Occupational Contact Dermatitis in Construction Workers: A Retrospective Analysis of the North American Contact Dermatitis Group Data, 2001-2020. Dermatitis 2024. [PMID: 38888884 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2024.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Background: Construction workers (CWs) are at risk for occupational contact dermatitis (CD) owing to workplace exposures. Objective: Determine the prevalence of occupational allergic CD and characterize common occupational allergens in CWs referred for patch testing in the United States and Canada. Methods: Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients patch tested by the North American Contact Dermatitis Group from 2001 to 2020. Results: Of 47,843 patch-tested patients, 681 (1.4%) were CWs. Compared with non-CWs, CWs were more likely to be male (91.0% vs 30.9%) have occupational skin disease (36.9% vs 11.4%) and have hand involvement (37.2% vs 22.5%) (all P < 0.0001). Of 681 CWs, 60.1% (411) had clinically relevant positive patch test reactions, and nearly 1/3 of CWs (128) had occupationally relevant reactions. Most common occupationally relevant allergens were potassium dichromate 0.25% pet. (30.5%, 39/128), bisphenol A epoxy resin 1% pet. (28.1%, 36/128), carba mix 3% pet. (14.8%, 19/128), cobalt (ii) chloride hexahydrate 1% pet. (14.1%, 18/128), and thiuram mix 1% pet. (14.1%, 18/128). Top sources of occupationally relevant allergens were cement/concrete/mortar (20.4%, 46/225), gloves (15.1%, 34/225), and coatings (paint/lacquer/shellac/varnish/stains) (9.8%, 22/225). Conclusions: Occupational CD in North American CWs is common. In this group, frequently identified etiological sources of occupational allergic CD included metals, epoxy resin, and rubber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo J Reeder
- From the *Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alexander Idrogo-Lam
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Srikanth R Aravamuthan
- From the *Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Erin M Warshaw
- Department of Dermatology, Park Nicollet Health Services, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Joel G DeKoven
- Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- Department of Dermatology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Brandon L Adler
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amber R Atwater
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - James S Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Houle
- Division of Dermatology, CHU de Quebec, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Donald V Belsito
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical School, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jiade Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina Botto
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christen M Mowad
- Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cory A Dunnick
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Vincent A DeLeo
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Melanie D Pratt
- Division of Dermatology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Liu C, Liu X, He Z, Zhang J, Tan X, Yang W, Zhang Y, Yu T, Liao S, Dai L, Xu Z, Li F, Huang Y, Zhao J. Proenkephalin-A secreted by renal proximal tubules functions as a brake in kidney regeneration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7167. [PMID: 37935684 PMCID: PMC10630464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42929-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ regeneration necessitates precise coordination of accelerators and brakes to restore organ function. However, the mechanisms underlying this intricate molecular crosstalk remain elusive. In this study, the level of proenkephalin-A (PENK-A), expressed by renal proximal tubular epithelial cells, decreases significantly with the loss of renal proximal tubules and increased at the termination phase of zebrafish kidney regeneration. Notably, this change contrasts with the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which acts as an accelerator in kidney regeneration. Through experiments with penka mutants and pharmaceutical treatments, we demonstrate that PENK-A inhibits H2O2 production in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting its involvement in regulating the rate and termination of regeneration. Furthermore, H2O2 influences the expression of tcf21, a vital factor in the formation of renal progenitor cell aggregates, by remodeling H3K4me3 in renal cells. Overall, our findings highlight the regulatory role of PENK-A as a brake in kidney regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaoliang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhongwei He
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jiangping Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Tan
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Wenmin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Liao
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Furong Li
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China.
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, the Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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Karlsson I, Ponting DJ, Ortega MA, Niklasson IB, Ndreu L, Stéen EJL, Seifert T, Luthman K, Karlberg AT. Nature-Derived Epoxy Resin Monomers with Reduced Sensitizing Capacity─Isosorbide-Based Bis-Epoxides. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:281-290. [PMID: 36652206 PMCID: PMC9945177 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.2c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epoxy resin systems (ERSs) are a class of thermosetting resins that become thermostable and insoluble polymers upon curing. They are widely used as components of protective surfaces, adhesives, and paints and in the manufacturing of composites in the plastics industry. The diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) is used in 75-90% of ERSs and is thus by far the most used epoxy resin monomer (ERM). Unfortunately, DGEBA is a strong skin sensitizer and it is one of the most common causes of occupational contact dermatitis. Furthermore, DGEBA is synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA), which is a petroleum-derived chemical with endocrine-disruptive properties. In this work, we have used isosorbide, a renewable and nontoxic sugar-based material, as an alternative to BPA in the design of ERMs. Three different bis-epoxide isosorbide derivatives were synthesized: the diglycidyl ether of isosorbide (1) and two novel isosorbide-based bis-epoxides containing either a benzoic ester (2) or a benzyl ether linkage (3). Assessment of the in vivo sensitizing potency of the isosorbide bis-epoxides in the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) showed that all three compounds were significantly less sensitizing than DGEBA, especially 2 which was nonsensitizing up to 25% w/v. The peptide reactivity showed the same order of reactivity as the LLNA, i.e., 2 being the least reactive, followed by 3 and then 1, which displayed similar peptide reactivity as DGEBA. Skin permeation of 2 and 3 was compared to DGEBA using ex vivo pig skin and static Franz cells. The preliminary investigations of the technical properties of the polymers formed from 1-3 were promising. Although further investigations of the technical properties are needed, all isosorbide bis-epoxides have the potential to be less sensitizing renewable replacements of DGEBA, especially 2 that had the lowest sensitizing potency in vivo as well as the lowest peptide reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Karlsson
- Department of Environmental Science, Exposure and Effect, Stockholm University, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David J Ponting
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ida B Niklasson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lorena Ndreu
- Department of Environmental Science, Exposure and Effect, Stockholm University, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Johanna L Stéen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tina Seifert
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Luthman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96Gothenburg, Sweden
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4
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Lejding T, Källberg K, Bergendorff O, Jacobsson S, Svedman C, Bruze M. Epoxy allergy, investigation of a modern industry. Contact Dermatitis 2023; 88:383-388. [PMID: 36802059 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Five workers from an industry manufacturing various articles from carbon fibre reinforced epoxy plastics were referred to our department because of suspected occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD). When patch tested, four of them had positive reactions to components of epoxy resin systems (ERSs) that could explain their current skin problems. All of them had been working at the same workstation at a specially designed pressing machine, with operations including manually mixing epoxy resin with hardener. Multiple cases of OACD in the plant prompted an investigation including all workers with possible risk exposures at the plant. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of occupational dermatoses and contact allergies among the workers at the plant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Totally 25 workers underwent investigation that included a brief consultation with a standardized anamnesis and clinical examination followed by patch testing. RESULTS ERSs-related reactions were found in 7 of the 25 investigated workers. None of the seven had a history of previous exposure to ERSs and they are regarded as sensitized through work. CONCLUSIONS Twenty-eight percent of investigated workers showed reactions to ERSs. Of these the majority would have been missed if supplementary testing would not have been added to testing with the Swedish base line series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Lejding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Källberg
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ola Bergendorff
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Susanne Jacobsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Svedman
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Magnus Bruze
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
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5
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Christiansen AG, Carstensen O, Sommerlund M, Clausen PA, Bønløkke JH, Schlünssen V, Isaksson M, Schmidt SAJ, Kolstad HA. Prevalence of skin sensitization and dermatitis among epoxy-exposed workers in the wind turbine industry. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:988-996. [PMID: 35972390 PMCID: PMC10087335 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of skin sensitization and dermatitis has been reported among workers exposed to epoxy components. OBJECTIVES To estimate the risk of skin sensitization and dermatitis among workers exposed to epoxy components during production of wind turbine blades while using comprehensive safety measures. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 180 highly epoxy-exposed production workers and 41 nonexposed office workers was conducted at two wind turbine blade factories in Denmark. Participants underwent a skin examination, were tested with a tailored patch test panel including epoxy-containing products used at the factories, and answered a questionnaire. RESULTS Sixteen production workers (8·9%) were sensitized to an epoxy component compared with none of the office workers. Skin sensitization was more frequent within the first year of exposed employment. Strong selection bias by atopic status was indicated. Among nonatopic workers, the prevalence of dermatitis was higher among production workers (16·4%) than among office workers [6·5%, odds ratio (OR) 2·3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·6-9·1] and higher among the sensitized workers (43·8%) than the nonsensitized workers (14·6%, OR 4·5, 95% CI 1·6-12·7). Resins based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and F were the most frequent sensitizers. One of the four workers sensitized to epoxy components used at the factories did not react to the epoxy resin of the TRUE test® panel. CONCLUSIONS Despite comprehensive skin protection, sensitization and dermatitis are prevalent among highly epoxy-exposed workers in the wind turbine industry in Denmark. Our findings document the need for intensified preventive efforts and emphasize the importance of tailored patch testing. What is already known about this topic? Epoxy components are well-known sensitizers of the skin. A high prevalence of skin sensitization and dermatitis has been reported among workers exposed to epoxy components. Comprehensive protective equipment is recommended when working with epoxy components. What does this study add? Despite comprehensive skin protection, skin sensitization and dermatitis are prevalent among epoxy-exposed workers. We found that 40% of workers sensitized to epoxy products had dermatitis. Only 75% of the sensitized workers were detected by the epoxy resin of the TRUE test® , which emphasizes the importance of tailored testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Christiansen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Carstensen
- Department of Occupational Medicine, The Regional Hospital Goedstrup, University Research Clinic, Herning, Denmark
| | - Mette Sommerlund
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per A Clausen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob H Bønløkke
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Vivi Schlünssen
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marléne Isaksson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sigrun A J Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik A Kolstad
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Danish Ramazzini Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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6
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Brans R. Sensitization to epoxy resin systems in the wind turbine industry: an undesirable side-effect of renewable energies. Br J Dermatol 2022; 187:842-843. [PMID: 36199216 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.21879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brans
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany.,Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatologic Prevention and Rehabilitation, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
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7
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Rao M, Pollock S, Murase JE, Kourosh AS. Allergic to Fashion. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 13:1-5. [PMID: 36350526 PMCID: PMC9823182 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00847-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Medha Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Samara Pollock
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC USA
| | - Jenny E. Murase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA ,Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group, Mountain View, CA USA
| | - Arianne Shadi Kourosh
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 50 Staniford Street, Boston, MA 02114 USA ,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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8
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O’Boyle NM, Niklasson IB, Ponting DJ, Ortega MA, Seifert T, Natsch A, Luthman K, Karlberg AT. Nature-derived epoxy resins: Synthesis, allergenicity, and thermosetting properties of pinoresinol diglycidyl ether. Toxicol Ind Health 2022; 38:259-269. [PMID: 35465773 PMCID: PMC9082971 DOI: 10.1177/07482337221089595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We describe a novel nature-derived epoxy resin monomer (ERM) derived from the plant lignan pinoresinol. Epoxy resins are thermosetting materials in global usage owing to their excellent technical properties such as flexibility and durability. However, their adverse health effects are often not considered and affect users of epoxy resins worldwide. Components of epoxy resin systems are strong skin sensitizers and cause allergic contact dermatitis. The reported prevalence attributable to epoxy chemicals is between 11.7 and 12.5% of all cases of occupational allergic contact dermatitis. We are committed to developing epoxy resins with reduced allergenic effect, while maintaining their excellent properties. The novel ERM, pinoresinol diglycidyl ether (PinoDGE), was synthesized in one step from pinoresinol and epichlorohydrin in 88% yield. It was not classified as a skin sensitizer in the in vivo local lymph node assay, at concentrations up to 0.17 m, as it did not cause a stimulation index >3 compared to control. Pinoresinol diglycidyl ether reacted with the model peptide AcPHCKRM in a reactivity assay and was predicted to be a skin sensitizer in the KeratinoSens assay. Preliminary cross-linking studies indicate that it has promising properties compared to commercially used ERMs. Pinoresinol diglycidyl ether could be seen as a lead compound for further development of alternative ERMs with a better safety profile based on natural and renewable sources for construction of epoxy resin polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M O’Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ida B Niklasson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David J Ponting
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tina Seifert
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Kristina Luthman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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9
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Ochiai B, Soegawa K. Glycidate as a High-Strength Epoxy Adhesive Curable with Amine under Ambient Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14050957. [PMID: 35267778 PMCID: PMC8912669 DOI: 10.3390/polym14050957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports that glycidates bearing epoxy moieties with adjacent ester can be cured with diethylenetriamine (DETA) under mild conditions and exhibit high adhesiveness. Curing of bifunctional glycidates with DETA gave cross-linked products. The curing started at a lower temperature (7 °C) than the analogous glycidyl ether (27 °C), while the rate of the curing was slower due to the lower activation energy (Ea = 57 kJ/g) and exothermicity (ΔH = 58 J/g) as confirmed by DSC analysis. The curing system of neopentyl glycol diglycidate and DETA effectively adhered aluminum plates by curing at 25 °C, and the strength was more than five times higher than the curing with analogous glycidyl ether. The higher adhesive strength under curing of ambient conditions and facile preparation of monomers are the significant advantages of this curing.
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10
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Dermatite alérgica de contato revelada pela pandemia de COVID-19. SCIENTIA MEDICA 2021. [DOI: 10.15448/1980-6108.2021.1.39591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Dermatite de contato é doença inflamatória cutânea, não infecciosa, prevenível, que afeta a qualidade de vida do indivíduo, ocorrendo após exposição de substâncias prejudiciais à pele. Pode ser alérgica ou irritativa. É a principal causa de doença cutânea ocupacional. A pandemia de Covid-19 afeta as pessoas de diferentes maneiras mexendo com paradigmas laborais e recreacionais. Objetivamos alertar que importantes alergias inaparentes podem se manifestar pela alteração da rotina individual transformando hobby em atividade ocupacional decorrente da epidemia global causada pelo SARS-CoV-2.DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Relatamos um caso do sexo masculino que desenvolveu há 8 meses, intenso eczema de mãos após mudança de hábito relacionado ao isolamento social. Negava atopia. Clinicamente apresentava marcada dermatite com hiperemia, fissuras, erosões, num padrão conhecido como de pinçamento. Ele que exercia atividade laboral extradomiciliar, passou a ficar recluso trocando sua atividade anteriormente de lazer para atividade ocupacional. Feito teste de contato, utilizando-se da bateria padrão Latino-Americana, constatou-se forte reação em 48 e 96 horas para a resina epóxi de bisfenol A.CONCLUSÃO: Mostramos que a pandemia do Covid-19, mesmo indiretamente, é capaz de revelar alergias ocultas pela alteração das atividades ocupacionais desempenhadas pelos indivíduos.
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11
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Xue Y, Bello A, Bello D. Characterization and Quantitation of Personal Exposures to Epoxy Paints in Construction Using a Combination of Novel Personal Samplers and Analytical Techniques: CIP-10MI, Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Ion Chromatography. Ann Work Expo Health 2021; 65:539-553. [PMID: 33734284 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxaa138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resins are extremely versatile products that are widely used in construction for coatings, adhesives, primers, and sealers. Occupational exposures to epoxies cause allergic contact dermatitis, occupational asthma, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (epoxy-resin lung) and acute decline in lung function. Despite these health concerns, there is a striking paucity of quantitative exposure data to epoxy resins in construction. The lack of practical analytical methods and suitable personal samplers for monitoring of reactive two-component epoxide systems in real-world applications has been an unmet challenge for decades. Sampling and analysis methods for epoxies should be able to collect the paint aerosols efficiently, stop polymerization reactions at the time of sample collection, and subsequently provide detailed multispecies characterization of epoxides, as well as the total epoxide group (TEG) content of a sample, to properly document the chemical composition of exposures to epoxide paints. In this work, we present the development and application of two new complementary quantitative analytical methods-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with online ultraviolet detection and ion chromatography (IC)-for multispecies characterization of raw products, as well as inhalation and skin exposures to epoxy formulations in real-world construction applications. A novel personal sampler, CIP-10MI, was used for personal sampling of airborne epoxies. We report for the first time the results of personal inhalation and potential skin exposures to individual monomers and oligomers of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), as well as TEG, during metal structure coatings in construction; compare analytical results of the two analytical methods; and provide recommendations for method selection in future field studies. High inhalation and potential skin exposures to epoxies point to the need for interventions to reduce exposures among painters in construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalong Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Kennedy College of Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Olney Hall 525, One University Ave. Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Anila Bello
- Department of Public Health, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 61 Wilder St., O'Leary 540D, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 883 Broadway Street, Dugan Hall 108C, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
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12
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Dietz JB, Menné T, Meyer HW, Viskum S, Flyvholm MA, Ahrensbøll-Friis U, John SM, Johansen JD. Incidence rates of occupational contact dermatitis in Denmark between 2007 and 2018: A population-based study. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 85:421-428. [PMID: 34076272 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent population-based studies on the incidence rates (IRs) of occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) are sparse. OBJECTIVES To determine the IRs of OCD and development thereof between 2007 and 2018 in known risk occupations. METHODS Data on all recognized cases of OCD were used to calculate IRs as the number of recognized OCD cases per 10 000 workers per year. Asymptotic chi-square test was used to compare the IRs between 2007-2012 and 2013-2018. RESULTS The median age at notification of OCD was below 30 years for several of the examined occupations. Hairdressers and beauticians, bakers, dentists and dental assistants, and manufacturing of windmills had the highest overall IRs of OCD. We found a statistically significant increase in the IRs of OCD for child/nursery care workers. CONCLUSIONS The median age at notification of OCD was low for several of the occupations, signifying the need for further preventive strategies among young people. Based on the IRs of OCD, future preventive efforts should be directed at hairdressers and beauticians, bakers, dentists and dental assistants, and manufacturing of windmills. Furthermore, the statistically significant increase in IRs of OCD among child/nursery care workers highlights the need for further preventive strategies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jojo B Dietz
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Torkil Menné
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Harald W Meyer
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sven Viskum
- Unit of Social Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Mari-Ann Flyvholm
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Ahrensbøll-Friis
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Swen M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Health and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück and Institute of Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
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13
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Gautier C, Tedbirt B, Kuntz A, Bauvin O, Tétart F. Allergic contact dermatitis in podiatrists handling resin insoles: A report of two cases. Contact Dermatitis 2020; 83:521-522. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Gautier
- Department of Allergology Centre Erik Satie, Rouen University Hospital Rouen France
- Department of Occupational Medicine Rouen University Hospital Rouen France
| | - Billal Tedbirt
- Department of Dermatology Rouen University Hospital Rouen France
| | - Antoine Kuntz
- Department of Occupational Medicine Rouen University Hospital Rouen France
| | - Olivia Bauvin
- Department of Allergology Centre Erik Satie, Rouen University Hospital Rouen France
| | - Florence Tétart
- Department of Allergology Centre Erik Satie, Rouen University Hospital Rouen France
- Department of Occupational Medicine Rouen University Hospital Rouen France
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14
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Ndreu L, Erber LN, Törnqvist M, Tretyakova NY, Karlsson I. Characterizing Adduct Formation of Electrophilic Skin Allergens with Human Serum Albumin and Hemoglobin. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:2623-2636. [PMID: 32875789 PMCID: PMC7582624 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Skin
(contact) allergy, the most predominant form of immunotoxicity
in humans, is caused by small electrophilic compounds (haptens) that
modify endogenous proteins. Approximately 20% of the general population
in the Western world is affected by contact allergy. Although the
importance of the hapten–protein conjugates is well established
in the initiation of the immunological reaction, not much progress
has been made regarding identification of these conjugates in vivo or exploration of their potential as diagnostic
tools. In this study, the human serum albumin (HSA) and human hemoglobin
(Hb) adductome for three representative contact allergens with different
chemical properties, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB), 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxypropane
(PGE), and 2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)glutaronitrile (MDBGN), were studied.
Plasma and red blood cell lysate were used as a source for HSA and
Hb, respectively. The Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay was used to
investigate adduct formation of MDBGN with nucleophilic moieties and
revealed that MDGBN is converted to 2-methylenepentanedinitrile in
the presence of sulfhydryl groups prior to adduct formation. Following
incubation of HSA and Hb with haptens, an Orbitrap Q Exactive high-resolution
mass spectrometer was used to perform an initial untargeted analysis
to screen for adduct formation, followed by confirmation by targeted
Parallel Reaction Monitoring analysis. Although a subset of adducted
sites was confirmed by targeted analysis, only some of the adducted
peptides showed an increase in the relative amount of the adducted
peptide with an increased concentration of hapten. In total, seven
adduct sites for HSA and eight for Hb were confirmed for DNCB and
PGE. These sites are believed to be the most reactive. Further, three
of the HSA sites (Cys34, Cys62, and Lys190) and six of the Hb sites (subunit α: Val1, His45, His72; subunit β: Cys93, His97, and Cys112) were haptenated already
at the lowest level of hapten to protein molar ratio (0.1:1), indicating
that these sites are the most likely to be modified in vivo. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the adductome
of Hb has been studied in the context of contact allergens. Identification
of the most reactive sites of abundant proteins, such as HSA and Hb,
is the first step toward identification of contact allergy biomarkers
that can be used for biomonitoring and to develop better diagnostic
tools based on a blood sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Ndreu
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luke N Erber
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Margareta Törnqvist
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Isabella Karlsson
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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16
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Ponting DJ, Ortega MA, Niklasson IB, Karlsson I, Seifert T, Stéen J, Luthman K, Karlberg AT. Development of New Epoxy Resin Monomers - A Delicate Balance between Skin Allergy and Polymerization Properties. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:57-66. [PMID: 30543284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy resin monomers (ERMs) are used as building blocks for thermosetting polymers in applications where strong, flexible, and lightweight materials are required. Most epoxy resins are polymers of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). It is highly allergenic and causes occupational allergic contact dermatitis and contact allergy in the general population. Thus, measures to prevent exposure by protective clothing and education are not enough. This work describes a continuation of our research aiming at reducing the skin-sensitizing potency of ERMs while maintaining the ability to form polymers. Alternative ERMs were designed and synthesized whereafter the sensitizing potency was determined using the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA). The reactivity of the diepoxides toward a nucleophilic peptide was investigated, and the differences in reactivity explained using computational studies. The diepoxides were reacted with triethylenetetramine, and the formed polymers were tested for technical applicability using thermogravimetric analysis. We had previously shown that the absence of an oxygen atom in the side chains or removal of aromaticity reduced the sensitizing potency compared to that of DGEBA. Thus, a cycloaliphatic analogue 1 of DGEBA without ether oxygen in the side chains was considered promising and was synthesized. As predicted, the sensitizing potency was considerably reduced (10 times) compared to that of DGEBA. However, the technical properties of the polymer of this compound were not considered sufficient. More polar aromatic analogues were investigated, but they could not compete with our previously described ERMs regarding polymerization properties and with 1 regarding low skin sensitization properties. Development of alternative epoxy materials is a delicate balance between allergenic activity and polymerization properties. Tuning of structural properties together with investigation of polymerization conditions combined with skin sensitization studies should be used in industrial research and development. ERM 1 could be used as a lead compound for further studies of aliphatic ERMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Ponting
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Ida B Niklasson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Isabella Karlsson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Tina Seifert
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Johanna Stéen
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Kristina Luthman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry , University of Gothenburg , SE-412 96 Gothenburg , Sweden
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17
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Lampel HP, Powell HB. Occupational and Hand Dermatitis: a Practical Approach. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2018; 56:60-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-018-8706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Brans R, Schröder-Kraft C, Skudlik C, John SM, Geier J. Tertiary prevention of occupational skin diseases: Prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis and pattern of patch test results. Contact Dermatitis 2018; 80:35-44. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Brans
- Department of Dermatology; Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany, and at the University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
| | - Claudia Schröder-Kraft
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), BG Hospital Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - Christoph Skudlik
- Department of Dermatology; Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany, and at the University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), BG Hospital Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - Swen M. John
- Department of Dermatology; Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm) at the University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany, and at the University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Dermatological Prevention and Rehabilitation (iDerm), BG Hospital Hamburg; Hamburg Germany
| | - Johannes Geier
- Lower-Saxonian Institute of Occupational Dermatology at the Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany, and at the University of Osnabrück; Osnabrück Germany
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK), Georg-August University; Göttingen Germany
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19
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Survey of Occupational Allergic Contact Dermatitis and Patch Test among Clothing Employees in Beijing. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3102358. [PMID: 28396866 PMCID: PMC5370485 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3102358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Occupational population-based epidemiological data relating to occupational contact allergies in the Chinese clothing industry are limited. To investigate the prevalence of occupational allergic contact dermatitis (OACD) and to identify the causative allergens among clothing employees in China, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 529 clothing employees at 12 clothing factories in Beijing. All employees were subjected to an interview using self-administered questionnaire and skin examination, and those who were diagnosed with occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) were patch tested. In the present survey, we found that the overall 1-year prevalence of OACD among the clothing employees was 8.5%. The 1-year prevalence of OACD among workers (10.8%) was significantly higher than that among managers (3.2%). The lesions were primarily on the hands and wrists in workers, but the face and neck in managers. The major allergens were nickel sulfate and cobalt dichloride in workers and colophony and p-tert-butylphenol formaldehyde resin in managers. In conclusion, workers are at a higher risk of OACD compared with managers in the Chinese clothing industry. In addition to hand dermatitis in workers, airborne contact dermatitis on the face and neck should be also addressed in managers.
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20
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Hagvall L, Niklasson IB, Rudbäck J, O'Boyle NM, Niklasson E, Luthman K, Karlberg AT. Assessment of cross-reactivity of new less sensitizing epoxy resin monomers in epoxy resin-allergic individuals. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 75:144-50. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hagvall
- Department of Dermatology; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; 405 03 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ida B. Niklasson
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry; University of Gothenburg; 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Johanna Rudbäck
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry; University of Gothenburg; 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
- Department of Radiology and Medicine Laboratory, Clinical Chemistry; Södra Älvsborg Hospital; 501 82 Borås Sweden
| | - Niamh M. O'Boyle
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry; University of Gothenburg; 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute; Dublin Ireland
| | - Eva Niklasson
- Department of Dermatology; Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg; 405 03 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Kristina Luthman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry; University of Gothenburg; 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry; University of Gothenburg; 412 96 Gothenburg Sweden
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21
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Bauer A, Geier J, Mahler V, Uter W. [Contact allergies in the German workforce : Data of the IVDK network from 2003-2013]. Hautarzt 2016; 66:652-64. [PMID: 26228172 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-015-3660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Germany, occupational skin diseases rank first in the occupational skin disease statistics for many years. Especially, occupationally acquired contact allergies as well as multi-sensitization are the most important predictors for a poor prognosis and persistent eczema. OBJECTIVES To update the spectrum and sensitization frequencies of most frequent allergens from the standard series in Germany in patients with occupationally acquired type IV sensitizations in general and within different occupational groups. METHODS Data of all employed patients (age range: 16-68 years, n = 14234) patch tested between 2003 and 2013 in the German Departments of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) and diagnosed occupationally acquired contact dermatitis after patch testing were analyzed. The control group was composed of all other patients (n = 31706) within the same time frame, in which occupationally acquired allergic contact dermatitis was negated explicitly. RESULTS The prevalence Ratio (PR; indicating risk) was significantly increased for: Thiuram-mix (PR 5.63 95 %CI 4.97-6.4), zinkdiethyldithiocarbamate (PR 6.22 95 %CI 4.76-8.22), mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) (PR 3.88 95 %CI 3.09-4.89), mercapto-mix without MBT (PR 3.23 95 %CI 2.59-4.03), N-isopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine (IPPD) (PR 2.3195 %CI 1.87-2.86), epoxy resin (PR 2.82 95 %CI 2.45-3.25), chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) (PR 2.19 95 %CI 1.97-2.42) and compositae mix II (PR 2.05 95 %CI 1.45-2.89). They were the predominant occupational allergens and were at least associated with a doubled risk (PR ≥ 2.0) for acquiring occupationally allergic contact dermatitis. The highest risk increase was identified in employees in the health services, in agriculture, metal industry, food and service industry as well as building trades CONCLUSIONS A limited number of occupationally relevant allergens cause the majority of sensitizations in the workforce, if standard series allergens are concerned. Data analysis of national and international contact allergy data bases provide valuable information on sensitization rates and profiles in skin risk occupations to implement targeted prevention strategies. To diagnose occupational allergic contact dermatitis in individual cases additional testing of occupation related patch test series as well as patients' own products is commonly inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bauer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, UniversitätsAllergieZentrum, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Deutschland.
| | - J Geier
- Informationsverbund Dermatologischer Kliniken (IVDK), Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - V Mahler
- Hautklinik, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - W Uter
- Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen/Nürnberg, Erlangen, Deutschland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Epoxy adhesives contain organic solvents and are widely used in industry. The hazardous effects of epoxy adhesives remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the risk of hearing loss among workers exposed to epoxy adhesives and noise. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS For this cross-sectional study, we recruited 182 stone workers who were exposed to both epoxy adhesives and noise, 89 stone workers who were exposed to noise only, and 43 workers from the administrative staff who had not been exposed to adhesives or noise. We obtained demographic data, occupational history and medical history through face-to-face interviews and arranged physical examinations and pure-tone audiometric tests. We also conducted walk-through surveys in the stone industry. A total of 40 representative noise assessments were conducted in 15 workplaces. Air sampling was conducted at 40 workplaces, and volatile organic compounds were analysed using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) TO-15 method. RESULTS The mean sound pressure level was 87.7 dBA (SD 9.9). The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss was considerably increased in the stone workers exposed to epoxy adhesives (42%) compared with the stone workers who were not exposed to epoxy adhesives (21%) and the administrative staff group (9.3%). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that exposure to epoxy adhesives significantly increased the risk of hearing loss between 2 and 6 kHz after adjusting for age. Significant interactions between epoxy adhesives and noise and hearing impairment were observed at 3, 4 and 6 kHz. CONCLUSIONS Epoxy adhesives exacerbate hearing impairment in noisy environments, with the main impacts occurring in the middle and high frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Yu Yang
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Hao Shie
- Green Energy & Environmental Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, National Taiwan University College of Public Health, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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[Cutaneous consequences of environmental changes]. Presse Med 2016; 45:98-106. [PMID: 26850285 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is normally well protected against a majority of substances. Ultraviolet rays play an essential role in the occurrence of cancer and skin aging. There are numerous pollutants, which act on the skin or enter the body through the skin. The new lifestyle entails new risks. We must be vigilant but also avoid unjustified peremptory opinions scientifically unproven.
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24
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Spee T, Timmerman JG, Rühl R, Kersting K, Heederik DJJ, Smit LAM. Determinants of epoxy allergy in the construction industry: a case-control study. Contact Dermatitis 2016; 74:259-66. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ton Spee
- Division Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University; P.O. Box 80178 NL-3508TD Utrecht The Netherlands
- Arbouw; P.O. Box 213 NL-3840AE Harderwijk The Netherlands
| | - Johan G. Timmerman
- Division Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University; P.O. Box 80178 NL-3508TD Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Reinhold Rühl
- Berufsgenossenschaft für die Bauwirtschaft; Hungener Straße 6 D-60389 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Klaus Kersting
- Berufsgenossenschaft für die Bauwirtschaft; Hungener Straße 6 D-60389 Frankfurt Germany
| | - Dick J. J. Heederik
- Division Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University; P.O. Box 80178 NL-3508TD Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lidwien A. M. Smit
- Division Environmental Epidemiology; Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University; P.O. Box 80178 NL-3508TD Utrecht The Netherlands
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25
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Schmalz G, Widbiller M, Galler KM. Material Tissue Interaction--From Toxicity to Tissue Regeneration. Oper Dent 2015; 41:117-31. [PMID: 26645359 DOI: 10.2341/15-249-bl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The topic of material tissue interaction has gained increasing interest over recent decades from both the dental profession and the public. The primary goal initially was to avoid adverse reactions after the application of dental materials. New laboratory test methods have been developed, and currently premarket testing programs, which attempt to guarantee a basic level of patient safety, are legally required worldwide. The dentist is responsible for selecting the correct indication as well as the proper handling of any newly emerging risk. Apart from this phenomenon-oriented "inert materials concept," the "analytical concept" focuses primarily on analyzing the reasons for adverse reactions, and identifying their associated modifying factors, in order to prevent them or to develop new and more biocompatible materials. The "concept of bioactivity" involves addressing the possibility of positively influencing tissue by materials application, such as the generation of tertiary dentin or antibacterial effects. Finally, tissue regeneration may be supported and promoted by the use of various suitable materials (matrices/scaffolds) into which stem cells can migrate or be seeded, leading to cell differentiation and the generation of new tissue. These new dental materials must also fulfill additional requirements such as controlled degradability in order to be suitable for clinical use. Clearly, the field of material tissue interaction is complex and comprises a wide range of issues. To be successful as dentists in the future, practitioners should remain informed of these important new developments and have the argumentative competence to both properly advise and treat their patients.
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Kawamoto T, Tsuji M, Isse T. Comparison of IgG against plastic resin in workers with and without chemical dermatitis. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:930. [PMID: 26390923 PMCID: PMC4576395 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-2302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are many chemical sensitizers which cause allergy in the surrounding environment. However, the identification of substances causing allergy is difficult. We developed a new method to detect IgG which reacts against many kinds of chemical-human serum albumin (HSA) adducts at the same time. In this study, the diagnostic significance of the IgG was studied among workers of a company where a mass outbreak of chemical dermatitis had occurred after changing a plastic resin to a new one. METHODS Eleven workers who handled the new plastic resin and suffered from dermatitis (case) and 9 workers who also handled the same resin in the same company but were free from dermatitis (control) were the subjects. Immunological dot blotting was carried out to detect serum IgG using originally prepared diagnostic antigens, comprising a mixture of HSA and the plastic resin or its components under various conditions. RESULTS IgG against the plastic resin in use was detected in all workers who suffered from dermatitis. The prevalence of the IgG against the plastic resin was significantly higher in workers with than in those without dermatitis. On the other hand, IgG against its components (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, m-xylylenediamine and butyl 2,3-epoxypropyl ether) was detected in a few workers with dermatitis. DISCUSSION This suggests that IgG against chemical-HSA adduct reflects not only exposure but also causative chemicals of dermatitis. Our method to use a material itself as a hapten is practical and useful in the occupational field. CONCLUSION It is suggested that IgG against chemicals is a useful marker of chemicals inducing dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kawamoto
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
| | - Toyohi Isse
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan.
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Aalto-Korte K, Pesonen M, Suuronen K. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by epoxy chemicals: occupations, sensitizing products, and diagnosis. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 73:336-42. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristiina Aalto-Korte
- Occupational Medicine; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH); 00250 Helsinki Finland
| | - Maria Pesonen
- Occupational Medicine; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH); 00250 Helsinki Finland
| | - Katri Suuronen
- Occupational Medicine; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health (FIOH); 00250 Helsinki Finland
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Wong CL, Ghassabian S, Smith MT, Lam AL. In vitro methods for hazard assessment of industrial chemicals - opportunities and challenges. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:94. [PMID: 25999858 PMCID: PMC4419653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a delayed-type hypersensitivity immune reaction mediated by T-lymphocytes as a result of repeated exposure of an allergen primarily on skin. ACD accounts for up to 95% of occupational skin diseases, with epoxy resins implicated as one of the most common causes of ACD. Efficient high-throughput in vitro screening for accurate identification of compounds and materials that may pose hazardous risks in the workplace is crucial. At present, the murine local lymph node assay is the 'method of choice' for predicting the sensitizing potency of contact allergens. As the 3Rs principles of reduction, refinement, and replacement in animal testing has gained political and economic momentum, several in vitro screening methods have been developed for identifying potential contact allergens. To date, these latter methods have been utilized primarily to assess the skin sensitizing potential of the chemical components of cosmetic products with scant research attention as to the applicability of these methods to industrial chemicals, particularly epoxy resins. Herein we review the currently utilized in vitro methods and identify the knowledge gaps with regard to assessing the generalizability of in vitro screening methods for assessing the skin sensitizing potential of industrial chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Lin Wong
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of QueenslandWoolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sussan Ghassabian
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Maree T. Smith
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, The University of QueenslandWoolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Ai-Leen Lam
- Centre for Integrated Preclinical Drug Development, The University of QueenslandSt Lucia, QLD, Australia
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Pesonen M, Jolanki R, Larese Filon F, Wilkinson M, Kręcisz B, Kieć-Świerczyńska M, Bauer A, Mahler V, John SM, Schnuch A, Uter W. Patch test results of the European baseline series among patients with occupational contact dermatitis across Europe - analyses of the European Surveillance System on Contact Allergy network, 2002-2010. Contact Dermatitis 2015; 72:154-63. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pesonen
- Occupational Medicine; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki Finland
| | - Riitta Jolanki
- Occupational Medicine; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health; Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki Finland
| | - Francesca Larese Filon
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine and Public Health; University of Trieste; Via della Pietà 19, 34129 Trieste Italy
| | - Mark Wilkinson
- Department of Dermatology; The Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust; Harehills Lane, Leeds LS7 4SA UK
| | - Beata Kręcisz
- Department of Allergology and Environmental Health; Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine; 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz Poland
| | - Marta Kieć-Świerczyńska
- Department of Allergology and Environmental Health; Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine; 8 Teresy Street, 91-348 Lodz Poland
| | - Andrea Bauer
- Department of Dermatology; University Allergy Centre, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden; Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Vera Mahler
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Erlangen; Ulmenweg 18, D-91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Swen M. John
- Department of Dermatology; Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrueck; Sedanstrasse 115, 49069 Osnabrueck Germany
| | - Axel Schnuch
- Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK); University of Göttingen; von-Sieboldstr. 3, D-37075 Göttingen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uter
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology; University of Erlangen/Nürnberg; Waldstr. 6, D-91054 Erlangen Germany
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Prodi A, Rui F, Fortina AB, Corradin MT, Filon FL. Occupational sensitization to epoxy resins in Northeastern Italy (1996-2010). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2015; 21:82-7. [PMID: 25633931 PMCID: PMC4273524 DOI: 10.1179/2049396714y.0000000095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main health concerns of epoxy resins is their role as skin sensitizer. This sensitization is not uncommon, because the prevalence ranges around 1-12% of the general population. OBJECTIVES Perform a cross sectional study in a patch test population from Northeastern Italy to investigate the prevalence of epoxy resins sensitization among patients with suspected contact dermatitis. Subsequently, relate findings to patients' occupation and evaluate time trend of prevalence. METHODS The final study database included 19 088 consecutive patients, tested from 1996 to 2010 in Northeastern Italy. RESULTS The overall prevalence of epoxy resins sensitization was 0·89%. Dermatitis most frequently involved hands (40·25%). In both sexes, we find a significant correlation in mechanics, woodworkers, and chemical industry workers; and in males only, among farmers and fishers, construction workers, and unemployed. We found significant increase of sensitization in construction workers in the analyzed period. CONCLUSIONS The overall prevalence of sensitization to epoxy resins in Northeastern Italy is in line with other European countries, but we found an increased risk of sensitization in some professions and an increasing trend of prevalence in construction workers. Better preventive actions are strongly advised in higher risk professions, with particular attentions towards building sector.
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Schwensen JF, Menné T, Veien NK, Funding AT, Avnstorp C, Østerballe M, Andersen KE, Paulsen E, Mørtz CG, Sommerlund M, Danielsen A, Andersen BL, Thormann J, Kristensen O, Kristensen B, Vissing S, Nielsen NH, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD. Occupational contact dermatitis in blue-collar workers: results from a multicentre study from the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group (2003-2012). Contact Dermatitis 2014; 71:348-55. [PMID: 25041423 DOI: 10.1111/cod.12277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blue-collar workers have a high risk of occupational contact dermatitis, but epidemiological studies are scarce. OBJECTIVES To investigate allergic contact dermatitis in blue-collar workers with dermatitis registered by the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group. METHODS A retrospective analysis of patch test data from 1471 blue-collar workers and 1471 matched controls tested between 2003 and 2012 was performed. A logistic regression was used to test for associations. RESULTS The blue-collar workers often had occupational hand dermatitis (p < 0.001). Atopic dermatitis was less commonly observed among blue-collar workers (19.6%) than among controls (23.9%) (p = 0.005). Allergens with a statistically significant association with the occupational group of blue-collar workers were epoxy resins, methyldibromo glutaronitrile, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, potassium dichromate, and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI)/methylisothiazolinone (MI). The following occupations were additionally identified as risk factors for contact sensitization to MCI/MI and MI, epoxy resins, and potassium dichromate, respectively: painting, construction work, and tile setting/terrazzo work. CONCLUSION Contact allergy is a major problem among blue-collar workers. The data indicate a healthy worker effect among blue-collar workers diagnosed with dermatitis, as blue-collar workers were diagnosed significantly less often with atopic dermatitis than were controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob F Schwensen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
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O’Boyle NM, Niklasson IB, Tehrani-Bagha AR, Delaine T, Holmberg K, Luthman K, Karlberg AT. Epoxy Resin Monomers with Reduced Skin Sensitizing Potency. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1002-10. [DOI: 10.1021/tx5000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niamh M. O’Boyle
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ida B. Niklasson
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali R. Tehrani-Bagha
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tamara Delaine
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Krister Holmberg
- Chemical
and Biological Engineering, Applied Surface Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Luthman
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Therese Karlberg
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, Dermatochemistry and Skin Allergy, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Friis UF, Menné T, Flyvholm MA, Bonde JPE, Johansen JD. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis diagnosed by a systematic stepwise exposure assessment of allergens in the work environment. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 69:153-63. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik F. Friis
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup; 2900; Denmark
| | - Torkil Menné
- Department of Dermato-Allergology; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup; 2900; Denmark
| | - Mari-Ann Flyvholm
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment; Copenhagen 2100; Denmark
| | - Jens Peter E. Bonde
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg; Copenhagen 2400; Denmark
| | - Jeanne D. Johansen
- Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre; Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte; Hellerup; 2900; Denmark
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Schwensen JF, Friis UF, Menné T, Johansen JD. One thousand cases of severe occupational contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis 2013; 68:259-68. [DOI: 10.1111/cod.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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