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Amari NO, Missoun F, Chaimbault P, Berkani A. [Profiling by LC-MS and LC-MS / MS with Electrospray source (ESI) of extracts from three organs of Thymelaea hirsuta L.]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2021; 80:554-569. [PMID: 34742918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ouda Amari
- Laboratoire de Phytothérapie Api Pharmacognosie, Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, Algérie
| | - Fatiha Missoun
- Laboratoire de Phytothérapie Api Pharmacognosie, Université Abdelhamid Ibn Badis de Mostaganem, Algérie.
| | - Patrick Chaimbault
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multiéchelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC, Université de Lorraine-site de Metz)
| | - Abdellah Berkani
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique - Approche Multiéchelle des Milieux Complexes (LCP-A2MC, Université de Lorraine-site de Metz)
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Nocera P, Bajsa-Hirschel J, Masi M, Ross SA, Cantrell CL, Duke SO, Surico G, Evidente A. Secondary metabolites of Thymelaea hirsuta, a plant collected from the Sicilian Island of Lampedusa. Nat Prod Res 2021; 35:3977-3984. [PMID: 32290692 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1752212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An investigation of the secondary metabolites was carried out on Thymelaea hirsuta collected from Lampedusa, the largest island of the Pelagie archipelago, located about 100 km from the North African coast and 200 km from the coast of Sicily. Ten compounds were isolated and found to belong to different classes of natural products as chromenes, cyclohexanones, furanyl, bis-furanyl and furanone polyphenols, and acrylates. Compounds 7, 8, 9 and 10 were slightly phytotoxic to lettuce reaching phytotoxicity of 1 (7, 8 and 9) and 2 (10) using a 1-5 point scale. None of the compounds were active against Agrostis stolonifera L., a perennial grass of the Poaceae family. Tested against three Colletotrichum species (C. acutatum, C. fragarie and C. gloeosporioides) pathogenic for agricultural plants, only compound 6 had activity against all three species, but it was not as active as captan, the commercial fungicide used as a positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Nocera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel
- Natural Products Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University, MS, USA
| | - Marco Masi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Samir A Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, University of Mississippi, Thad Cochran Research Center, Oxford, MS, USA
- BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Charles L Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University, MS, USA
| | - Stephen O Duke
- Natural Products Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University, MS, USA
| | - Giuseppe Surico
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), Sez. Patologia ed entomologia, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Inhibitory Effect of Avenanthramides (Avn) on Tyrosinase Activity and Melanogenesis in α-MSH-Activated SK-MEL-2 Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157814. [PMID: 34360580 PMCID: PMC8345984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanin causes melasma, freckles, age spots, and chloasma. Anti-melanogenic agents can prevent disease-related hyperpigmentation. In the present study, the dose-dependent tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Avenanthramide (Avn)-A-B-C was demonstrated, and 100 µM Avn-A-B-C produced the strongest competitive inhibition against inter-cellular tyrosinase and melanin synthesis. Avn-A-B-C inhibits the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins, such as TRP1 and 2. Molecular docking simulation revealed that AvnC (−7.6 kcal/mol) had a higher binding affinity for tyrosinase than AvnA (−7.3 kcal/mol) and AvnB (−6.8 kcal/mol). AvnC was predicted to interact with tyrosinase through two hydrogen bonds at Ser360 (distance: 2.7 Å) and Asn364 (distance: 2.6 Å). In addition, AvnB and AvnC were predicted to be skin non-sensitizers in mammals by the Derek Nexus Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship system.
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Rathee P, Kumar S, Kumar D, Kumari B, Yadav SS. Skin hyperpigmentation and its treatment with herbs: an alternative method. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With an increasing number of patients, those who are facing a lot of skin-related complaints, often referred to as skin of pigmentation patients, are on the rise. Among all the most common complaints in patients with skin of color is hyperpigmentation. So, there is need of herbal formulation for treatment of hyperpigmentation.
Main body
This review article addresses the different types of hyperpigmentation, causes, and its treatment with herbs for the management of the skin hyperpigmentation. As uneven pigmentation of skin or hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition, which occurs when the skin produces more melanin. This can make spots or patches of skin appear darker than surrounding areas. Some forms of hyperpigmentation with post-inflammatory, melasma, and sun spots are more likely to affect areas of face, arms, and legs due to sun exposure and injury. Although the availability of multiple treatments for the condition which leads to some adverse effects, hyperpigmentation continues to present skin care management challenges for dermatologists.
Conclusion
Some plants and phytoconstituents, e.g., Azadirachta indica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Panax ginseng and genistein, ellagic acids, quercetin, are very useful in herbal cosmetic as anti-hyperpigmentry agents in cosmetic industries. Some of flavonoids and triterpenoids present in plants also show their effect as antioxidant and skin whitening agents. It is expected that this review will compile and improve the existing knowledge on the potential utilization of herbs for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation.
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Amari NO, Razafimandimby B, Auberon F, Azoulay S, Fernandez X, Berkani A, Bouchara JP, Landreau A. Antifungal and Antiaging Evaluation of Aerial Part Extracts of Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20987932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In western Algeria, Thymelaea hirsuta aerial parts are traditionally used topically for the treatment of human skin infections. For a better knowledge of its biological activities, this study aimed at evaluating the in vitro antifungal activity and antiaging properties of several extracts of the aerial parts by in vitro assays. Antifungal activity was investigated by using the reference microbroth dilution method (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) against the dermatophytes ( Microsporum audouinii, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Trichophyton rubrum) and the yeast ( Candida albicans). Antiaging (inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyorazyl radical scavenging and tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase activities) assays were performed in 96-well plates. All the extracts of T. hirsuta exhibited antifungal activity against M. audouinii, T. rubrum, and C. albicans, while no activity was found against N. gypsea and T. interdigitale. The highest activity was observed on M. audouinii for the aqueous leaf (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of 8 µg/mL) and stem extracts (MIC = 31 µg/mL) and the methanolic leaf extract (MIC = 8 µg/mL). Additionally, some marked morphological alterations were observed on M. audouinii hyphae with all aqueous extracts. Concerning antiage bioassays, the major activity was found against hyaluronidase for the aqueous and methanolic extracts from leaves and the methanolic extract from flowers. Analysis of this last extract by high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance, allowed us to identify daphnoretin and daphnetin as major components of this extract, and, therefore, responsible for the antiaging activity. In conclusion, this study provides additional experimental data supporting the traditional use of T. hirsuta extracts on some cutaneous dermatophytosis, as well as new perspectives on the potential use of T. hirsuta to ensure better healing of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ouda Amari
- Department of Biology, Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Mostaganem University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Bienvenue Razafimandimby
- Department of Biology, Groupe d’Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Angers, France
| | - Florence Auberon
- Department of Biology, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, France
| | - Stephane Azoulay
- Department of Biology, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Department of Biology, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, France
| | - Abdellah Berkani
- Department of Biology, Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Mostaganem University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Department of Biology, Groupe d’Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Angers, France
| | - Anne Landreau
- Department of Biology, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, France
- Department of Biology, Faculté de Santé, Université d’Angers, France
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Djermane N, Gali L, Arhab R, Gherraf N, Bensouici C, Erenler R, Gok M, Abdessamed A. Chemical composition and in vitro evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory activities of Erucaria uncata and Thymeleae hirsuta. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
The indiscriminate use of non-regulated skin lighteners among African populations has raised health concerns due to the negative effects associated with skin lightener toxicity. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the cosmetic development of plants and their metabolites as alternatives to available chemical-derived skin lightening formulations. Approximately 90% of Africa’s population depends on traditional medicine, and the continent’s biodiversity holds plant material with various biological activities, thus attracting considerable research interest. This study aimed to review existing evidence and document indigenous African plant species capable of inhibiting the enzyme tyrosinase and melanogenesis for potential incorporation into skin lightening products. Literature search on melanin biosynthesis, skin lightening, and tyrosinase inhibitors resulted in the identification of 35 plant species were distributed among 31 genera and 21 families across 15 African countries and 9 South African provinces. All plants identified in this study showed competent tyrosinase and melanogenesis inhibitory capabilities. These results indicate that African plants have the potential to serve as alternatives to current chemically-derived skin lighteners.
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Sanna G, Madeddu S, Murgia G, Serreli G, Begala M, Caboni P, Incani A, Franci G, Galdiero M, Giliberti G. Potent and Selective Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) of Thymelaea hirsuta Extracts. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060664. [PMID: 32575585 PMCID: PMC7354558 DOI: 10.3390/v12060664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, natural products have been the most successful source of inspiration for the development of new drugs. Members of the Thymelaeaceae family have been of interest owing to their excellent medicinal value. Given the successful history of natural product-based drug discovery, extracts from the aerial parts of Thymelaea hirsuta were evaluated for their potential anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity. Ethyl acetate extracts from leaves (71B) and branches (72B) of Thymelaea hirsuta showed potent and selective activity against HIV-1 wt (EC50 = 0.8 µg/mL) at non-cytotoxic concentrations (CC50 > 100 µg/mL). They proved to be active against HIV-1 variants carrying clinically relevant NNRTI and NRTI mutations at low concentration (0.3–4 µg/mL range) and against the M-tropic strain HIV-1 BaL. The 72B extract, chosen as a lead, was not able to inhibit the RT and protease enzymatic functions. Furthermore, it was not virucidal, since exposure of HIV to high concentration did not affect virus infectivity. The pre-clinical safety profile of this extract showed no adverse effect on the growth of Lactobacilli, and non-toxic concentration of the extract did not influence the Caco-2 epithelial cells monolayer integrity. Additionally, extract 72B prevented syncytia formation at low concentration (0.4 µg/mL). The potent inhibitory effect on the syncytia formation in co-cultures showed that 72B inhibits an early event in the replication cycle of HIV. All of these findings prompt us to carry on new studies on Thymelaea hirsuta extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia Madeddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Murgia
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Serreli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
| | - Michela Begala
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences-Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences-Unit of Drug Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (M.B.); (P.C.)
| | - Alessandra Incani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Costantinopoli 16, 80138 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Giliberti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (S.M.); (G.S.); (A.I.); (G.G.)
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Huang HC, Lee IJ, Huang C, Chang TM. Lactic Acid Bacteria and Lactic Acid for Skin Health and Melanogenesis Inhibition. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2020; 21:566-577. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200109104701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria are beneficial to human health. Lactic acid bacteria have wide applications
in food, cosmetic and medicine industries due to being Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS)
and a multitude of therapeutic and functional properties. Previous studies have reported the beneficial
effects of lactic acid bacteria, their extracts or ferments on skin health, including improvements in skin
conditions and the prevention of skin diseases. Lipoteichoic acid isolated from Lactobacillus plantarum
was reported to inhibit melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells. In particular, lipoteichoic acid
also exerted anti-photoaging effects on human skin cells by regulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-
1. The oral administration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and other lactic acid bacteria has
been reported to inhibit the development of atopic diseases. Additionally, the clinical and histologic
evidence indicates that the topical application of lactic acid is effective for depigmentation and improving
the surface roughness and mild wrinkling of the skin caused by environmental photo-damage. This
review discusses recent findings on the effects of lactic acid bacteria on skin health and their specific
applications in skin-whitening cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Chun Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I. Jung Lee
- Department of Kampo Medicine, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Chen Huang
- Office of Paradigm Industrial- Academic R & D Headquarter, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Min Chang
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Hungkuang University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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Tlili H, Hanen N, Ben Arfa A, Neffati M, Boubakri A, Buonocore D, Dossena M, Verri M, Doria E. Biochemical profile and in vitro biological activities of extracts from seven folk medicinal plants growing wild in southern Tunisia. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213049. [PMID: 31527869 PMCID: PMC6748424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to the extracts obtained from plant species in order to analyse their biological activities. Due to the climate diversity in Tunisia, the traditional pharmacopoeia consists of a wide arsenal of medicinal plant species since long used in folk medicine, in foods as spices, and in aromatherapy. Although many of these species are nearly facing extinction, only a small proportion of them have been scientifically studied. Therefore, this study explores the biochemical properties of seven spontaneous plants, which were harvested in the arid Tunisian desert: Marrubium vulgare (L.), Rhus tripartita (Ucria) D.C., Thymelaea hirsute (L.) Endl., Plantago ovata (Forsk.), Herniaria fontanesii (J. Gay.), Ziziphus lotus (L.) and Hyoscyamus albus (L.). Extracts from these plants were found to contain different types of secondary metabolites (polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, crude saponins, carotenoids and alkaloids) that are involved in important biological activities. The biological activity of the extracts obtained from each Tunisian plant was assessed: first of all, leukaemia and colon cancer cell lines (K-562 and CaCo-2 respectively) were treated with different concentrations of extracts, and then the anti-proliferative activity was observed. The results showed, in particular, how the plant extract from Rhus tripartita significantly inhibits cell proliferation, especially on the K-562 tumour cell line. Subsequently, the anti-inflammatory activity was also assessed, and the results showed that Herniaria fontanesii and Marrubium vulgare possess the highest activity in the group of analysed plants. Finally, the greatest acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect was exhibited by the extract obtained from Rhus tripartita. In conclusion, all the Tunisian plants we analysed were shown to contain a remarkable amount of different bio-active compounds, thus confirming their involvement in several biological activities. Rhus tripartita and Ziziphus lotus were shown to be particularly effective in anti-proliferative activity, while Herniaria fontanesii were shown to have the best anti-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Tlili
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Najjaa Hanen
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Abdelkerim Ben Arfa
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Neffati
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Abdelbasset Boubakri
- Laboratory of Pastoral Ecosystems and Valorisation of Spontaneous Plants and Microorganisms, Institute of Arid Regions (IRA), Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Daniela Buonocore
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizia Dossena
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Verri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrico Doria
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Badawy A, Hassanean H, Ibrahim AK, Habib ES, El-Magd MA, Ahmed SA. Isolates From Thymelaea Hirsuta Inhibit Progression Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro And In Vivo. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1799-1807. [PMID: 31315443 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1643859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated effect of Thymelaea hirsuta isolates on hepatocellular carcinoma. Methanolic extract of T. hirsuta led to isolation of two new compounds [6` hydroxyDaphnoretin (9) and Mithnin (15)], seven compounds reported for the first time from genus Thymelaea [Dotriacontanol (1), and 3-ketopentatriacontanoic (2), Docosylcoumarate (5), Docosylcaffeate (6), Daphnodorin B (11), 3`` -epi-dihydrodaphnodorin B (12) and Wikstaiwanone B (14)], and six known compounds. Eight compounds (5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, and 15) showed significant anti-proliferative activity on HepG2 cells. These compounds caused significant reduction (p < 0.05) in serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, GGT, and AFP, a significant increase in Bax and p53 expression, and a significant decrease in Bcl2 gene in liver as compared to the HCC group. These results indicate that T. hirsuta isolates inhibited HCC progression, possibly through induction of apoptosis and therefore they could be used as a beneficial source for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Badawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Hashim Hassanean
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Amany K Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Eman S Habib
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A El-Magd
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Safwat A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Nie LF, Bozorov K, Huang G, Zhao J, Niu C, Aisa HA. Design, synthesis, and toward a side-ring optimization of tricyclic thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3H)-ones and their effect on melanin synthesis in murine B16 cells. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1487968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Khurshed Bozorov
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, P. R. China
- Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Guozheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, P. R. China
| | - Chao Niu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, P. R. China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, P. R. China
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13
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Daphnane diterpenes inhibit the metastatic potential of B16F10 murine melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:856. [PMID: 30157785 PMCID: PMC6116488 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is one of the most invasive and aggressive types of cancer with a very poor prognosis. Surgery remains the most efficient treatment prior melanoma invasion and metastasis formation. However, therapy becomes a challenge once the cancer cells colonized other tissues. At present, there are two main classes of therapies acting with a certain efficiency on metastatic melanoma: immune check point inhibitors (anti-PD1/PDL1) and targeted therapy such as Vemurafenib. Unfortunately, these therapies are not fully responsive, induce resistance and/or generate unwanted side effects. In this respect, it is important to continue to discover new cancer therapeutics. Here, we show that daphnane diterpenes type of compounds can prevent melanoma metastasis by inhibiting metastasis-associated matrix metalloproteinases expression without cytotoxicity. METHODS Evaluation of the anti-metastasis effect of daphnane diterpenes-rich Thymelaea hirsuta extract (TH) and its bioactive component gnidilatidin was carried out in vitro using B16 murine melanoma cells and in vivo using male C57BL/6 J mice. Global gene expression in B16 cells was done using DNA microarray, validated using real-time PCR, to further understand the effect of daphnane diterpenes, specifically daphnane diterpenoid gnidilatidin. RESULTS Oral administration of daphnane diterpenes-rich Thymelaea hirsuta extract (TH) suppressed MMP2 and MMP9 expression, decreasing lung tumor in mice injected with B16 murine melanoma cells. Validation of these observations in vitro showed reduced B16 cells migration, adhesion, and invasion. Results of microarray analysis of B16 cells treated with daphnane diterpenoid gnidilatidin from TH revealed an upregulation of tumor suppressor Egr1 while inhibiting metastasis-associated genes Id2 and Sytl2 expression. A downregulation of the melanoma oncogene microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (Mitf) was observed, and most likely caused by the inhibition of Id2, a gene that regulated HLH transcription factors such as MITF and also reported to promote tumor cell migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Daphnane diterpenes have inhibitory effect on the metastatic potential of B16 melanoma cells, and the results of this study provided evidence for their potential for use in the prevention and inhibition of melanoma metastasis.
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Bourhim T, Villareal MO, Gadhi C, Hafidi A, Isoda H. Depigmenting effect of argan press-cake extract through the down-regulation of Mitf and melanogenic enzymes expression in B16 murine melanoma cells. Cytotechnology 2018; 70:1389-1397. [PMID: 29946948 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oil extraction from the kernels of Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels (Sapotaceae), an endemic tree of Morocco, produces argan press-cake (APC) used as a shampoo and to treat sprains, scabies, and for healing wounds. We have previously reported that argan oil has antimelanogenesis effect. Here, we determined if the by-product, APC, has melanogenesis regulatory effect using B16 murine melanoma cells. The effect of APC ethanol extract on cell proliferation and melanin content of B16 cells were measured, and to elucidate the mechanism involved, the expression level of melanogenic enzymes tyrosinase (TYR), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1) were determined and mRNA expression level of microphthalmia- associated transcription factor (Mitf) and Tyr genes were quantified. APC ethanol extract showed a significant melanin biosynthesis inhibitory effect on B16 cells in a time-dependent manner without cytotoxicity, which could be due to the decreased expression of TYR, TRP1, and DCT in a time-dependent manner. APC extract down regulated Mitf and Tyr. Decreased TRP1 and DCT levels could be due to post-translational modifications. These results suggest that APC extract may be used as a new source of natural whitening products and may be introduced as an important pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thouria Bourhim
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Myra O Villareal
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Chemseddoha Gadhi
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco.
| | - Abdellatif Hafidi
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Avenue Prince Moulay Abdellah, BP 2390, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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Aidi Wannes W, Saidani Tounsi M, Marzouk B. A review of Tunisian medicinal plants with anticancer activity. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 15:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0052/jcim-2017-0052.xml. [PMID: 28915116 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major public health problem in the world. The use of the medicinal plants in cancer prevention and management is frequent in Africa, especially in Tunisia, and it is transmitted from generation to generation within cultures. Many previous studies showed that a wide range of Tunisian medicinal plants exerted cytotoxic and anticancer activity. A comprehensive review was conducted to collect information from scientific journal articles, including indigenous knowledge researches, about Tunisian medicinal plants used for the prevention and management of cancer. The aim of this review article is to provide the reader with information concerning the importance of Tunisian medicinal plants in the prevention and management of cancer and to open the door for the health professionals and scientists working in the field of pharmacology and therapeutics to produce new drug formulations to treat different types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wissem Aidi Wannes
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnologic Center Borj-Cedria Technopark, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Moufida Saidani Tounsi
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnologic Center Borj-Cedria Technopark, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Brahim Marzouk
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Biotechnologic Center Borj-Cedria Technopark, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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Antimelanogenic effects of the novel melanogenic inhibitors daidzein and equol, derived from soymilk fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum strain TWK10, in B16F0 mouse melanoma cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Effects of the melanogenic inhibitor, uracil, derived from Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10-fermented soy milk on anti-melanogenesis in B16F0 mouse melanoma cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Jeong YT, Jeong SC, Hwang JS, Kim JH. Modulation effects of sweroside isolated from the Lonicera japonica on melanin synthesis. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 238:33-9. [PMID: 26051519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In the course of screening for the melanogenesis inhibitors, sweroside was isolated from Lonicera japonica. Its chemical structure was determined on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Sweroside inhibited potent melanogenesis in melan-a cells at 300μM without cytotoxicity. Also, sweroside decreased tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2 protein production in melan a cells. To identify the signaling pathway of sweroside, the ability of sweroside to influence Akt and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation was investigated. Sweroside induced Akt and ERK in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the specific inhibition of the Akt and ERK signaling pathways were studied by specific inhibitor LY294002 and U0126, respectively and it was causing the increased melanin synthesis. Furthermore, sweroside presented inhibition of the body pigmentation and tyrosinase activity in zebrafish in vivo model. These results suggest that sweroside isolated from L. japonica may be an effective skin-whitening agent through the regulates the expression of MAP kinase and melanogenic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tae Jeong
- HK Bio, Business Incubator, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Jeong
- HK Bio, Business Incubator, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-715, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Hwang
- Department of Genetic Engineering & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- College of Herbal Bio-Industry, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 712-715, Republic of Korea.
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Two Isorhamnetin Glycosides from Arthrocnemum glaucum that Inhibit Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. Chem Nat Compd 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-015-1276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Abid S, Lekchiri A, Mekhfi H, Ziyyat A, Legssyer A, Aziz M, Bnouham M. Inhibition of α-glucosidase and glucose intestinal absorption by Thymelaea hirsuta fractions. J Diabetes 2014; 6:351-9. [PMID: 24219781 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. (Thymelaeaceae) is a medicinal plant used in Morocco to treat diabetes. In previous studies T. hirsuta has shown a potent antihyperglycemic effect. Our aim was to study the effect of the plant on α-glucosidase inhibition and intestinal glucose absorption. METHODS Five fractions of T. hirsuta were tested, in vitro, in vivo and, in situ, to elucidate the inhibition of α-glucosidase and intestinal glucose uptake. RESULTS The fractions induced, in vitro, a significant inhibition of α-glucosidase. The ethyl acetate fraction (EATh) had high activity and its inhibition mode was non-competitive. The EATh at 50 and 100 mg/kg doses, decreased significantly, in vivo, the postprandial hyperglycemia after sucrose loading in normal and diabetic mice. Moreover, 50 mg/kg of EATh significantly decreased intestinal glucose uptake, in situ, in rats. CONCLUSION The antihyperglycemic effect of T. hirsuta can be explained, in part, by the inhibition of intestinal α-glucosidase and intestinal glucose absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Abid
- Laboratory of Physiology and Ethnopharmacology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohamed Ist, Oujda, Morocco
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Anti-Melanogenesis Effect ofGlechoma hederaceaL. Extract on B16 Murine Melanoma Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 76:1877-83. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Son SW, Kim HG, Han JM, Lee JS, Choi MK, Lee JS, Son CG. Anti-melanoma activity of Cynanchi atrati Radix is mediated by regulation of NF-kappa B activity and pro-apoptotic proteins. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:250-257. [PMID: 24583240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cynanchi atrati Radix has been traditionally prescribed for patients with inflammatory fever or chronic tumoral disorders. Melanoma is one of the most devastating cancer types, in which overexpression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) enables the cancer to survive without apoptosis. To identify a potential anti-melanoma candidate, we evaluated the apoptotic activity of an ethanol extract of Cynanchi atrati Radix (CAE) on melanoma and its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty C57BL/6N mice with melanoma were orally administrated CAE (100 or 200mg/kg) or distilled water for 10 days. Survival, tumor weight and volume were monitored and measured. Intratumoral apoptotic change was measured using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. To confirm the pro-apoptotic activity of CAE (10, 50 or 100μg/mL) compared to positive drug (10μg/mL of IKK-2 inhibitor IV), cell proliferation, caspase-3/7 activity, flow cytometric analysis, TUNEL and DAPI staining, immunoblotting and gene expression analyses for apoptosis-associated genes were conducted using B16F10 cell line. RESULTS CAE administration remarkably improved survivability with a significant reduction in tumor weight (p<0.01) and volume (p<0.01), as well as increased apoptotic bodies in melanoma tissue. The CAE treatment significantly inhibited proliferation of B16F10 cells (p<0.001), but increased caspase-3/7 activity (p<0.01 or 0.001) and apoptotic population. The CAE partially blocked nuclear translocation of NF-κB but activated the p53-associated apoptotic pathway. CONCLUSION These results indicate that the CAE has anti-melanoma potential, and the underlying mechanisms involve inhibition of the activities of NF-κB and its target proteins as well as promoting the activities of pro-apoptotic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wan Son
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul 136-703, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong-Geug Kim
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Han
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Lee
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Choi
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seok Lee
- Gyeonggi Biocenter, Gyeonggi Institute of Science & Technology Promotion (GSTEP), Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-270, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Liver and Immunology Research Center, Daejeon Oriental Hospital of Oriental Medical College of Daejeon University, 22-5 Daehung-dong, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea.
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Docosahexaenoic acid inhibits melanin synthesis in murine melanoma cells in vitro through increasing tyrosinase degradation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:489-95. [PMID: 24562306 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on melanin synthesis and related regulatory mechanisms. METHODS B16F10 mouse melanoma cells were exposed to DHA for 3 d, and melanin content and tyrosinase activity were measured. Western blot analysis was used to analyze the protein levels in DHA-mediated signal transduction pathways. RESULTS DHA (1-25 μmol/L) did not affect the viability of B16F10 cells, but decreased α-MSH-induced melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. DHA concentration-dependently reduced tyrosinase activity in the cells, but did not affect mushroom tyrosinase activity in a cell-free system. Furthermore, DHA treatment significantly reduced tyrosinase level without affecting microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) in the cells. DHA did not activate ERK and Akt in the cells. Pretreatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (80 nmol/L) abolished DHA-induced tyrosinase reduction. CONCLUSION DHA inhibits melanogenesis in B16F10 cells in vitro through increasing tyrosinase degradation. The results suggest that DHA may be a potential agent for treatment of hyperpigmentary disorders of skin.
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Amari NO, Bouzouina M, Berkani A, Lotmani B. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant capacity of the aerial parts of Thymelaea hirsuta L. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chao HC, Najjaa H, Villareal MO, Ksouri R, Han J, Neffati M, Isoda H. Arthrophytum scoparium inhibits melanogenesis through the down-regulation of tyrosinase and melanogenic gene expressions in B16 melanoma cells. Exp Dermatol 2013; 22:131-6. [PMID: 23362872 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Melanin performs a crucial role in protecting the skin against harmful ultraviolet light. However, hyperpigmentation may lead to aesthetic problems and disorders such as solar lentigines (SL), melasma, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and even melanoma. Arthrophytum scoparium grows in the desert in the North African region, and given this type of environment, A. scoparium exhibits adaptations for storing water and produces useful bioactive factors. In this study, the effect of A. scoparium ethanol extract (ASEE) on melanogenesis regulation in B16 murine melanoma cells was investigated. Cells treated with 0.017% (w/v) ASEE showed a significant inhibition of melanin biosynthesis in a time-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. To clarify the mechanism behind the ASEE-treated melanogenesis regulation, the expressions of tyrosinase enzyme and melanogenesis-related genes were determined. Results showed that the expression of tyrosinase enzyme was significantly decreased and Tyr, Trp-1, Mitf and Mc1R mRNA expressions were significantly down-regulated. LC-ESI-TOF-MS analysis of the extract identified the presence of six phenolic compounds: coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, chrysoeriol, cyanidin, catechol and caffeoylquinic acid. The melanogenesis inhibitory effect of ASEE may therefore be attributed to its catechol and tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative content. We report here that ASEE can inhibit melanogenesis in a time-dependent manner by decreasing the tyrosinase protein and Tyr, Trp-1, Mitf and Mc1R mRNA expressions. This is the first report on the antimelanogenesis effect of A. scoparium and on its potential as a whitening agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chia Chao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Activation of MITF by Argan Oil Leads to the Inhibition of the Tyrosinase and Dopachrome Tautomerase Expressions in B16 Murine Melanoma Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:340107. [PMID: 23935660 PMCID: PMC3723062 DOI: 10.1155/2013/340107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Argan (Argania spinosa L.) oil has been used for centuries in Morocco as cosmetic oil to maintain a fair complexion and to cure skin pimples and chicken pox pustules scars. Although it is popular, the scientific basis for its effect on the skin has not yet been established. Here, the melanogenesis regulatory effect of argan oil was evaluated using B16 murine melanoma cells. Results of melanin assay using B16 cells treated with different concentrations of argan oil showed a dose-dependent decrease in melanin content. Western blot results showed that the expression levels of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT) proteins were decreased. In addition, there was an increase in the activation of MITF and ERK1/2. Real-time PCR results revealed a downregulation of Tyr, Trp1, Dct, and Mitf mRNA expressions. Argan oil treatment causes MITF phosphorylation which subsequently inhibited the transcription of melanogenic enzymes, TYR and DCT. The inhibitory effect of argan oil on melanin biosynthesis may be attributed to tocopherols as well as the synergistic effect of its components. The results of this study provide the scientific basis for the traditionally established benefits of argan oil and present its therapeutic potential against hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Inhibitory Effect of Arctigenin from Fructus Arctii Extract on Melanin Synthesis via Repression of Tyrosinase Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:965312. [PMID: 23781272 PMCID: PMC3678497 DOI: 10.1155/2013/965312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To identify the active compound arctigenin in Fructus Arctii (dried seed of medicinal plant Arctium lappa) and to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism in melanogenesis, we analyzed melanin content and tyrosinase activity on B16BL6 murine melanoma and melan-A cell cultures. Water extracts of Fructus Arctii were shown to inhibit tyrosinase activity in vitro and melanin content in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone-stimulated cells to similar levels as the well-known kojic acid and arbutin, respectively. The active compound arctigenin of Fructus Arctii displayed little or no cytotoxicity at all concentrations examined and decreased the relative melanin content and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Melanogenic inhibitory activity was also identified in vivo with zebrafish embryo. To determine the mechanism of inhibition, the effects of arctigenin on tyrosinase gene expression and tyrosinase promoter activity were examined. Also in addition, in the signaling cascade, arctigenin dose dependently decreased the cAMP level and promoted the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. This result suggests that arctigenin downregulates cAMP and the tyrosinase enzyme through its gene promoter and subsequently upregulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase activity by increasing phosphorylation in the melanogenesis signaling pathway, which leads to a lower melanin content.
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Bnouham M, Benalla W, Bellahcen S, Hakkou Z, Ziyyat A, Mekhfi H, Aziz M, Legssyer A. Antidiabetic and antihypertensive effect of a polyphenol-rich fraction of Thymelaea hirsuta L. in a model of neonatal streptozotocin-diabetic and N(G) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester-hypertensive rats. J Diabetes 2012; 4:307-13. [PMID: 22519949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-0407.2012.00202.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined the effect of the polyphenol-rich fraction from Thymelaea hirsuta (PRF-Th) in a rat model of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetes and nitric oxide (NO)-deficient hypertension. METHODS Diabetes was induced by a single dose of STZ (90 mg/kg, i.p.). To induce NO-deficient hypertension, rats were treated with the NO synthase inhibitor N(G) -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester; l-NAME; 30 mg/kg per day, p.o. for 3 weeks. The effects of 21 days treatment with 80 mg/kg per day PRF-Th in the drinking water were evaluated in diabetic-hypertensive (DH) rats. In all groups (n = 6 in each), glycemia and systolic blood pressure were determined weekly. At the end of the experiment, hepatic glycogen was determined. RESULTS Blood glucose levels decreased gradually from baseline until the end of the experiment in untreated DH rats (from 1.92 ± 0.09 to 1.3 ± 0.1 g/L; P < 0.05). Administration of PRF-Th concomitantly with l-NAME prevented the blood pressure increase in rats. After 21 days, blood pressure in PRF-Th + l-NAME- and l-NAME-treated rats was 132 ± 1 and 157 ± 1 mmHg, respectively (P < 0.001). Administration of 2 mL/kg per day PRF-Th to DH rats significantly increased hepatic glycogen levels compared with levels in untreated DH rats (13.65 ± 1.84 vs 6.34 ± 0.75 mg/g tissue, respectively; P < 0.01). Moreover, PRF-Th significantly reduced the amount of glucose absorbed in in situ perfused jejunum segments compared with control (by 33.6%; P <0.001). This effect of PRF-Th was comparable with that of acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate that T. hirsuta has antidiabetic and antihypertensive activity in STZ-diabetic, NO-deficient hypertensive rats. This effect seems to be due to its rich polyphenol content. Therefore, T. hirsuta may be useful as a food supplement for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bnouham
- Department of Biology, University Mohamed Ist, Oujda, Morocco.
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Shen T, Heo SI, Wang MH. Involvement of the p38 MAPK and ERK signaling pathway in the anti-melanogenic effect of methyl 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinate in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 199:106-11. [PMID: 22705713 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Methyl 3,5-dicaffeoyl quinate (MDQ), an active compound present in Kalopanax pictus, Salicornia herbacea L., Aster oharai and Solidago virga-aurea var. gigantean, is a dicaffeoylquinic acid derivative esterified by methanol. Recent studies have revealed that MDQ possesses multiple pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, antioxidative and cytoprotective activities. To date, there has been no attempt to test the action of MDQ in melanocytes. In this study, we investigated the effect of MDQ on melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. MDQ inhibited melanin production and tyrosinase activity in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells without a direct inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase activity. Furthermore, we also found that MDQ decreased protein expression levels of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase in B16F10 melanin cells. Meanwhile, phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was significantly reduced after 6h MDQ treatment, and this expression recovered at 48 h. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was significantly enhanced at 12-48 h, whereas no effect was observed in the phosphorylation of Akt. In addition, MDQ treatment did not significantly alter the expression levels of total p38 MAPK, ERK, and Akt. Thus, it seems that inhibition of phospho-p38 MAPK and activation of phospho-ERK may lead to the suppression of melanogenesis in MDQ-treated B16F10 mouse melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Republic of Korea
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Villareal MO, Han J, Ikuta K, Isoda H. Mechanism of Mitf inhibition and morphological differentiation effects of hirsein A on B16 melanoma cells revealed by DNA microarray. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 67:26-36. [PMID: 22564683 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously reported that hirsein A inhibits melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells by downregulating the Mitf gene expression. OBJECTIVE In this study, microarray was employed to determine the transcriptional response of B16 cells to hirsein A (HA) treatment and to find out the mechanism underlying Mitf downregulation. METHODS DNA microarray, spotted with 265 genes for melanogenesis and signal transduction, was performed using the total RNA isolated from B16 cells treated with HA. Validation of the results was done using real-time PCR. In addition, real-time PCR using primers for Mda-7 gene and F-actin staining were performed. Transfection experiments were performed to knockdown the expression of the Mc1r gene to evaluate its role in the cell morphological change observed. RESULTS As expected, the expressions of the Mitf-regulated melanosome transport genes and the Mc1r gene were downregulated. Furthermore, the expressions of the MAPK pathway intermediates were either up- or downregulated. Genes associated with cell differentiation, such as Gadd45b, were upregulated and prompted us to determine the expression of the Il-24 (Mda-7) gene using real-time PCR. There was an increase in the Mda-7 mRNA expression in B16 and HMV-II melanoma cells, and in human melanocytes. To better visualize the cell morphology, F-actin staining was performed and the results showed an increase in the dendrite outgrowth in HA-treated cells. Silencing the Mc1r gene did not cause a change in the B16 cell morphology observed in cells treated with HA. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that HA downregulates Mitf gene expression by regulating the expressions of the MAPK signaling pathway intermediates. In addition, the inhibited Mc1r gene expression also contributed to the overall Mitf downregulation but does not play a role in the observed change in B16 cell morphology. HA surprisingly can regulate genes associated with differentiating cells (Mda-7) suggesting a role for HA in the melanoma cell differentiation induction. While the exact molecular mechanism by which HA promotes cell differentiation remain to be determined, it is clear that HA can downregulate Mitf expression and promote cell differentiation and has the potential to be used in the development of therapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra O Villareal
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Jang JY, Kim HN, Kim YR, Choi WY, Choi YH, Shin HK, Choi BT. Partially purified components of Nardostachys chinensis suppress melanin synthesis through ERK and Akt signaling pathway with cAMP down-regulation in B16F10 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1207-1214. [PMID: 21816215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Ethnopharmacological relevance Nardostachys chinensis has been used in folk medicine to treat melasma and lentigines in Korea. We investigated the inhibitory activities of Nardostachys chinensis in melanogenesis and its related signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bioassay-guided fractionation of Nardostachys chinensis using solvent partitioning and purification with octadecylsilane open-column chromatography resulted in partial purification. The active 20% methanol chromatographic fraction from the ethyl acetate layer (PPNC) was used to investigate melanogenesis by melanin synthesis, tyrosinase activity assay, cAMP assay, Western blot and flow cytometric analyses in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. RESULTS PPNC markedly inhibits melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. We also found that PPNC decreases microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, and dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) protein expressions and MITF and tyrosinase mRNA levels. Moreover, PPNC reduces intracellular cAMP levels and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt expression in B16F10 cells. The specific MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059 and PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, block the PPNC-induced hypopigmentation effect, and abrogate the PPNC-suppressed expression of melanogenic proteins such as MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and Dct. Using flow cytometry, we elucidated whether PPNC directly induces ERK phosphorylation at the level of an intact single cell. PPNC shows marked expression of phosphorylated ERK in live B16F10 cells and abrogates PPNC-induced phosphorylated ERK by PD98059 treatment. CONCLUSIONS PPNC stimulates MEK/ERK phosphorylation and PI3K/Akt signaling with suppressing cAMP levels and subsequently stimulating MITF and TRPs down-regulation, resulting in melanin synthesis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Jang
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
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Akrout A, Gonzalez LA, El Jani H, Madrid PC. Antioxidant and antitumor activities of Artemisia campestris and Thymelaea hirsuta from southern Tunisia. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:342-7. [PMID: 21075159 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2010] [Revised: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The essential oil of Artemisia campestris and the ethanol-water, hexane and water extracts of A. campestris and Thymelaea hirsuta collected in southern of Tunisia were investigated for their antioxidant (DPPH, ABTS and beta-carotene methods) and antitumor growth inhibition of human colon cancer HT-29 cells using MTT test activities. All the A. campestris extracts tested at high concentrations (100 μg/ml) showed activity ranging from 19.5% for essential oil to 64.4% of negative control growth for infusion extract, except the hexane extract. With T. hirsuta, all the extracts tested (hexane and ethanol-water), except the infusion extract, also exhibited antitumor activity (58.2% and 65.5% of control growth respectively). The ethanol-water and infusion extracts of A. campestris showed higher antioxidant activity, polyphenol and flavonoid contents than those of T. hirsuta. These results show that there is a positive correlation between the antitumor activity and the antioxidant activity, and of these two activities and with the levels of polyphenols and flavonoids. The essential oil and the other extracts of A. campestris, which exhibited significant antitumor activity against the HT-29 cells deserve further research into the chemoprevention and treatment of colon cancer.
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El Omri A, Han J, Yamada P, Kawada K, Ben Abdrabbah M, Isoda H. Rosmarinus officinalis polyphenols activate cholinergic activities in PC12 cells through phosphorylation of ERK1/2. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 131:451-8. [PMID: 20633629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 06/03/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY This paper aimed to elucidate the traditional use of Rosmarinus officinalis through the investigation of cholinergic activities and neuronal differentiation in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. These effects were examined in relation to the plant's habitat, the extraction procedure, and the major active compounds of R. officinalis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cell viability, cell differentiation, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, total choline, acetylcholine (ACh) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) were determined in PC12 cells treated with extracts and HPLC-identified polyphenols of R. officinalis originated from Tunisian semi-arid and subhumid area in comparison with nerve growth factor (NGF). RESULTS R. officinalis extracts potentiated cell differentiation and significantly enhanced AChE activity in PC12 cells. The highest AChE activity was induced by semi-arid hydro-ethanolic extract (137% of control). Among HPLC-identified and screened polyphenols, carnosic acid (CA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) significantly induced cell differentiation, increased ACh level, and enhanced AChE activity in PC12 cells. U0126, inhibitor of ERK1/2, significantly reduced CA and RA effects on cell differentiation and AChE activity. CONCLUSIONS R. officinalis' CA and RA exhibited neurotrophic effects in PC12 cells through cell differentiation induction and cholinergic activities enhancement. These effects could be regulated by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfatteh El Omri
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan
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Villareal MO, Han J, Yamada P, Shigemori H, Isoda H. Hirseins inhibit melanogenesis by regulating the gene expressions of Mitf and melanogenesis enzymes. Exp Dermatol 2009; 19:450-7. [PMID: 19765058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that Thymelaea hirsuta extract has antimelanogenesis effect on B16 murine melanoma cells. The extract was subjected to fractionation, and hirsein A (HA) and hirsein B (HB) were discovered and tested for their ability to regulate melanogenesis in B16 cells. Western blot (WB) analysis was carried out to determine the expression of tyrosinase. Moreover, to elucidate the possible mechanism behind melanogenesis regulation, real-time PCR using primers for Mitf, Tyr, Trp1 and Dct genes, and protein kinase C (PKC) activity assay were carried out. Results clearly show that 0.1 mum HA and HB significantly reduced the melanin content. This reduction in melanin content was accompanied by reduced tyrosinase expression as detected by WB analysis. There was also a significant decrease in the expression level of Mitf gene in HA- and HB-treated cells. HA down-regulated the expressions of Tyr, Trp1 and Dct, whereas HB down-regulated only those of Trp1 and Dct. Interestingly, HB-treated cells had lower kinase activity than HA-treated cells indicating a possible difference in the activities of the compounds but with the same mechanism of melanogenesis regulation. We report for the first time that HA and HB can down-regulate melanogenesis by down-regulating Mitf gene expression, leading to reduced expressions of Tyr, Trp1 and Dct. The hirseins were also able to reduce the kinase activity, suggesting the possible involvement of PKC in the overall ability of the hirseins to down-regulate melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra O Villareal
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Miyamae Y, Villareal MO, Abdrabbah MB, Isoda H, Shigemori H. Hirseins A and B, daphnane diterpenoids from Thymelaea hirsuta that inhibit melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:938-941. [PMID: 19284745 DOI: 10.1021/np800808h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two new daphnane diterpenoids, hirseins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the aerial parts of Thymelaea hirsuta, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data interpretation. Hirsein B (2) is an unusual daphnane in possessing a coumaroyl moiety. NOESY correlations of 2 implied that isomerization of the coumaroyl group in 2 was caused by equilibrium between the E (2e) and Z (2z) forms. Compounds 1 and 2 were found to inhibit melanogenesis in B16 murine melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusaku Miyamae
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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Jang JY, Lee JH, Jeong SY, Chung KT, Choi YH, Choi BT. Partially purified Curcuma longa inhibits alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated melanogenesis through extracellular signal-regulated kinase or Akt activation-mediated signalling in B16F10 cells. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:689-94. [PMID: 19469902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioassay-guided fractionation of Curcuma longa by solvent partitioning and purification with octadecylsilane open column chromatography yielded a partial purification. The active 80% methanol chromatographic fraction from the ethyl acetate layer [partial purification from C. longa (PPC)] was used to investigate the alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH)-stimulated melanogenesis signal pathway in B16F10 cells. In cells stimulated alpha-MSH, PPC inhibited cellular melanin contents, tyrosinase activity and expression of melanogenesis-related proteins including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP). Melanogenesis-regulating signalling such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt was activated by PPC in alpha-MSH-stimulated B16F10 cells. The suppressive activity of PPC on alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis was abrogated by selective inhibition of MEK/ERK (PD98059) and PI3K (LY294002). MEK/ERK or Akt activation by PPC may contribute to reduced melanin synthesis via MITF and its downstream signal pathway including tyrosinase and TRPs in alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Jang
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Oriental Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Jang JY, Lee JH, Kang BW, Chung KT, Choi YH, Choi BT. Dichloromethane fraction of Cimicifuga heracleifolia decreases the level of melanin synthesis by activating the ERK or AKT signaling pathway in B16F10 cells. Exp Dermatol 2008; 18:232-7. [PMID: 18803655 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00794.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cimicifuga rhizoma has long been used in traditional Korean medicine. In particular, a Cimicifuga heracleifolia extract (CHE) was reported to inhibit the formation of glutamate and the glutamate dehydrogenase activity in cultured rat islet. Glutamate activates melanogenesis by activating tyrosinase. Accordingly, it was hypothesized that a CHE might inhibit the melanogenesis-related signal pathways including the inhibition of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF)-tyrosinase signaling and/or the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-Akt signaling. The results showed that CHE inhibits the cellular melanin contents, tyrosinase activity and expression of melanogenesis-related proteins including MITF, tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)s in alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-stimulated B16 cells. Moreover, CHE phosphorylates MEK, ERK1/2 and Akt, which are melanogenesis inhibitory proteins. The data suggest that CHE inhibits melanogenesis signaling by both inhibiting the tyrosinase directly and activating the MEK-ERK or Akt signal pathways-mediated suppression of MITF and its downstream signal pathway, including tyrosinase and TRPs. Therefore, C. heracleifolia would be a useful therapeutic agent for treating hyperpigmentation and an effective component in whitening and/or lightening cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Jang
- Department of Oriental Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongeui University, Busan, South Korea
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Methyl-β-cyclodextrin, a specific cholesterol-binding agent, inhibits melanogenesis in human melanocytes through activation of ERK. Arch Dermatol Res 2008; 300:451-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-008-0864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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