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Aurégan JC, Bosser C, Bachy-Razzouk M, Bensidhoum M, Hoc T. In Vivo Assessment of Skin Surface Pattern: Exploring Its Potential as an Indicator of Bone Biomechanical Properties. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1338. [PMID: 38135929 PMCID: PMC10741173 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties of bone tissue are the result of a complex process involving collagen-crystal interactions. The mineral density of the bone tissue is correlated with bone strength, whereas the characteristics of collagen are often associated with the ductility and toughness of the bone. From a clinical perspective, bone mineral density alone does not satisfactorily explain skeletal fragility. However, reliable in vivo markers of collagen quality that can be easily used in clinical practice are not available. Hence, the objective of the present study is to examine the relationship between skin surface morphology and changes in the mechanical properties of the bone. An experimental study was conducted on healthy children (n = 11), children with osteogenesis imperfecta (n = 13), and women over 60 years of age (n = 22). For each patient, the skin characteristic length (SCL) of the forearm skin surface was measured. The SCL quantifies the geometric patterns formed by wrinkles on the skin's surface, both in terms of size and elongation. The greater the SCL, the more deficient was the organic collagen matrix. In addition, the bone volume fraction and mechanical properties of the explanted femoral head were determined for the elderly female group. The mean SCL values of the healthy children group were significantly lower than those of the elderly women and osteogenesis imperfecta groups. For the aged women group, no significant differences were indicated in the elastic mechanical parameters, whereas bone toughness and ductility decreased significantly as the SCL increased. In conclusion, in bone collagen pathology or bone aging, the SCL is significantly impaired. This in vivo skin surface parameter can be a non-invasive tool to improve the estimation of bone matrix quality and to identify subjects at high risk of bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Charles Aurégan
- B3OA, UMR CNRS 7052, Inserm U1271 Université de Paris, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; (J.-C.A.); (M.B.-R.); (M.B.)
- Orthopedics Department, Université Paris-Saclay, AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 157, Rue de la Porte-de-Trivaux, 92140 Clamart, France
| | - Catherine Bosser
- HealthDataSciences, 45, Chemin du Barthélémy, 69260 Charbonnières-les-Bains, France
| | - Manon Bachy-Razzouk
- B3OA, UMR CNRS 7052, Inserm U1271 Université de Paris, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; (J.-C.A.); (M.B.-R.); (M.B.)
- Orthopedics Department, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, 26, Avenue du Docteur-Arnold-Netter, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- B3OA, UMR CNRS 7052, Inserm U1271 Université de Paris, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; (J.-C.A.); (M.B.-R.); (M.B.)
| | - Thierry Hoc
- B3OA, UMR CNRS 7052, Inserm U1271 Université de Paris, 10 avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France; (J.-C.A.); (M.B.-R.); (M.B.)
- Mechanical Department, École Centrale de Lyon, MSGMGC, 36, Avenue Guy-de-Collongue, 69134 Ecully, France
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Lu Y, Zhu Y, Zhao X, Pan M, He H. An optical system for noninvasive microscopy of psoriatic mice in vivo. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200310. [PMID: 36519190 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involved with both complex morphological changes of skin and immune processes. The clinical diagnostics and research of psoriasis often require invasive biopsy which lacks their real-time dynamics in vivo. Here we report a noninvasive microscopic system developed by combining in vivo fluorescent microscopy, optical clearing, and immunolabeling to enable real-time imaging of immune cells and cytokines in blood flow in psoriatic animal models. The vascular morphology and time-lapse kinetics of interleukin (IL)-23, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor-α, and CD4+ cells in blood are captured at submicron resolution through the thickening epidermis and opaque scales during the development of psoriasis in vivo. Our data suggest IL-23 recruits CD4+ cells to release IL-17 in blood that further leaks out in the psoriatic skin area. This optical system enables noninvasive and real-time assessment of immune molecules and cells in vivo, providing good potential for medical researches on psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Lu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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3
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Jiang S, Qian S, Zhou L, Meng J, Jiang R, Wang C, Fang X, Yang C, Ding Z, Zhuo S, Liu Z. Mapping the 3D remodeling of the extracellular matrix in human hypertrophic scar by multi-parametric multiphoton imaging using endogenous contrast. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13653. [PMID: 36873151 PMCID: PMC9975259 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypertrophic scar is an aberrant form of wound healing process, whose clinical efficacy is limited by a lack of understanding of its pathophysiology. Remodeling of collagen and elastin fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM) is closely associated with scar progression. Herein, we perform label-free multiphoton microscopy (MPM) of both fiber components from human skin specimens and propose a multi-fiber metrics (MFM) analysis model for mapping the structural remodeling of the ECM in hypertrophic scars in a highly-sensitive, three-dimensional (3D) manner. We find that both fiber components become wavier and more disorganized in scar tissues, while content accumulation is observed from elastin fibers only. The 3D MFM analysis can effectively distinguish normal and scar tissues with better than 95% in accuracy and 0.999 in the area under the curve value of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Further, unique organizational features with orderly alignment of both fibers are observed in scar-normal adjacent regions, and an optimized combination of features from 3D MFM analysis enables successful identification of all the boundaries. This imaging and analysis system uncovers the 3D architecture of the ECM in hypertrophic scars and exhibits great translational potential for evaluating scars in vivo and identifying individualized treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Shuhao Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Lingxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Jia Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Rushan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Xinguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Zhihua Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- School of Science, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, China
| | - Zhiyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing, 314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
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4
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Bachy M, Bosser C, Villain B, Aurégan JC. Quantification of Microstructural Changes in the Dermis of Elderly Women Using Morphometric Indices of the Skin Surface. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8258. [PMID: 36431743 PMCID: PMC9697656 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was the development of a non-invasive mathematical marker of the skin surface, the characteristic length, to predict the microstructure of the dermis. This marker, at the individual level, is intended to provide the biological age of the patient in the context of personalised medicine for the elderly. STUDY DESIGN To validate this hypothesis, a clinical study was conducted on 22 women over 60 years old from a population of osteoporotic subjects who sustained a femoral neck fracture: a morphological analysis of the skin surface was performed on the patient's forearm and quantitatively compared with microarchitectural parameters of the dermis. MAJOR RESULTS The Elastin-to-Collagen ratio measured on dermis samples ranged between 0.007 and 0.084, with a mean of 0.035 ± 0.02. The surface characteristic length ranged between 0.90 and 2.621, with a mean of 0.64 ± 0.51. A very strong correlation was found between this characteristic length and the Elastin-to-Collagen ratio (r = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS This study proposes an original diagnostic tool based on morphometric indices of the skin surface and shows a direct quantitative relationship with the dermis microarchitecture and its collagen and elastin content. The proposed method allows reliable and easy access to the intrinsic ageing of the dermis, which would be a strong biomarker in a personalised collagen treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Bachy
- B3OA, UMR7052, Paris University, 75010 Paris, France
- Department of Paediatric Orthopaedic Surgery, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Bosser
- HealthDataSciences, 45 Chemin du Barthélémy, 69260 Charbonnières les Bains, France
| | - Benoît Villain
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, 92140 Clamart, France
- CIAMS, Paris-Saclay University, 91405 Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Orléans University, 45067 Orléans, France
| | - Jean-Charles Aurégan
- B3OA, UMR7052, Paris University, 75010 Paris, France
- Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Antoine Béclère Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Saclay University, 92140 Clamart, France
- CIAMS, Paris-Saclay University, 91405 Orsay, France
- CIAMS, Orléans University, 45067 Orléans, France
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5
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Tao Y, Wei C, Su Y, Hu B, Sun D. Emerging High-Frequency Ultrasound Imaging in Medical Cosmetology. Front Physiol 2022; 13:885922. [PMID: 35860664 PMCID: PMC9289277 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.885922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cosmetic skin diseases are a part of many dermatological concerns brought up by patients, which negatively affect mental health and quality of life. Imaging technology has an established role in the diagnosis of cosmetic skin diseases by recognizing information on deep skin lesions. Due to the complex physiological and pathological nature of cosmetic skin diseases, the diagnostic imaging performance varies greatly. Developing noninvasive technology models with wide applicability, particularly high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS), which is able to achieve high-resolution imaging of the skin from the stratum corneum down to the deep fascia, is of great significance to medical cosmetology. To explore the great potential of HFUS in cosmetic skin diseases, a narrative review of literature from PubMed and Web of Science published between 1985 and 2022 was conducted. This narrative review focuses on the progression of HFUS imaging in medical cosmetology, especially on its promising application in the quantitative evaluation and differential diagnosis of cutaneous pathological scar, port wine stain (PWS), acne, skin aging, and other cosmetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- YaPing Tao
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Kunming Fourth People’s Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Cong Wei
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - YiMin Su
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Sun
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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6
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Zhu Y, Wang S, Xu H, He H, Pan M. Real-time vascular and IgA dynamics during Henoch-Schönlein purpura by in vivo fluorescent microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7826-7834. [PMID: 35003869 PMCID: PMC8713681 DOI: 10.1364/boe.442454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a typical cutaneous immune skin disease, usually diagnosed by invasive biopsy. In this study, we develop a noninvasive optical method by combining in vivo optical clearing, confocal microscopy and immune-staining together to present the real-time in vivo dynamics of blood vessels, IgA molecules, and T cells in a HSP rat model. The small vessels in the skin are found with acute damage and then hyperplasia, which enhances deposition of IgA complexes in blood vessels. The migrating T cells in blood vessels in HSP regions can be detected by setting fast line scanning in this method. Our method provides in vivo vascular, cellular, and molecular dynamics during HSP development and is thus of great potential in research and diagnosis of HSP and other skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoyang Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao He
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Rui Jin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Pena AM, Chen X, Pence IJ, Bornschlögl T, Jeong S, Grégoire S, Luengo GS, Hallegot P, Obeidy P, Feizpour A, Chan KF, Evans CL. Imaging and quantifying drug delivery in skin - Part 2: Fluorescence andvibrational spectroscopic imaging methods. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 153:147-168. [PMID: 32217069 PMCID: PMC7483684 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the delivery and diffusion of topically-applied drugs on human skin is of paramount importance in both pharmaceutical and cosmetics research. This information is critical in early stages of drug development and allows the identification of the most promising ingredients delivered at optimal concentrations to their target skin compartments. Different skin imaging methods, invasive and non-invasive, are available to characterize and quantify the spatiotemporal distribution of a drug within ex vivo and in vivo human skin. The first part of this review detailed invasive imaging methods (autoradiography, MALDI and SIMS). This second part reviews non-invasive imaging methods that can be applied in vivo: i) fluorescence (conventional, confocal, and multiphoton) and second harmonic generation microscopies and ii) vibrational spectroscopic imaging methods (infrared, confocal Raman, and coherent Raman scattering microscopies). Finally, a flow chart for the selection of imaging methods is presented to guide human skin ex vivo and in vivo drug delivery studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Maria Pena
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Xueqin Chen
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Isaac J Pence
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Thomas Bornschlögl
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sinyoung Jeong
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Sébastien Grégoire
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France.
| | - Gustavo S Luengo
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Philippe Hallegot
- L'Oréal Research and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller BP22, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Peyman Obeidy
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Amin Feizpour
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America
| | - Kin F Chan
- Simpson Interventions, Inc., Woodside, CA 94062, United States of America
| | - Conor L Evans
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY149-3, 13(th) St, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America.
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8
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Hindelang B, Aguirre J, Schwarz M, Berezhnoi A, Eyerich K, Ntziachristos V, Biedermann T, Darsow U. Non-invasive imaging in dermatology and the unique potential of raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2019; 33:1051-1061. [PMID: 30422337 PMCID: PMC6563473 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, several non‐invasive imaging methods have been introduced to facilitate diagnostics and therapy monitoring in dermatology. The microscopic imaging methods are restricted in their penetration depth, while the mesoscopic methods probe deeper but provide only morphological, not functional, information. ‘Raster‐scan optoacoustic mesoscopy’ (RSOM), an emerging new imaging technique, combines deep penetration with contrast based on light absorption, which provides morphological, molecular and functional information. Here, we compare the capabilities and limitations of currently available dermatological imaging methods and highlight the principles and unique abilities of RSOM. We illustrate the clinical potential of RSOM, in particular for non‐invasive diagnosis and monitoring of inflammatory and oncological skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hindelang
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - J Aguirre
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.,iThera Medical GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | - A Berezhnoi
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K Eyerich
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - V Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - T Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - U Darsow
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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9
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Czekalla C, Schönborn K, Lademann J, Meinke M. Noninvasive Determination of Epidermal and Stratum Corneum Thickness in vivo Using Two-Photon Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography: Impact of Body Area, Age, and Gender. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 32:142-150. [DOI: 10.1159/000497475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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10
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Narayanamurthy V, Padmapriya P, Noorasafrin A, Pooja B, Hema K, Firus Khan AY, Nithyakalyani K, Samsuri F. Skin cancer detection using non-invasive techniques. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28095-28130. [PMID: 35542700 PMCID: PMC9084287 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04164d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer and is globally rising. Historically, the diagnosis of skin cancers has depended on various conventional techniques which are of an invasive manner. A variety of commercial diagnostic tools and auxiliary techniques are available to detect skin cancer. This article explains in detail the principles and approaches involved for non-invasive skin cancer diagnostic methods such as photography, dermoscopy, sonography, confocal microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, terahertz spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, the multispectral imaging technique, thermography, electrical bio-impedance, tape stripping and computer-aided analysis. The characteristics of an ideal screening test are outlined, and the authors pose several points for clinicians and scientists to consider in the evaluation of current and future studies of skin cancer detection and diagnosis. This comprehensive review critically analyses the literature associated with the field and summarises the recent updates along with their merits and demerits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vigneswaran Narayanamurthy
- InnoFuTech No: 42/12, 7th Street, Vallalar Nagar, Pattabiram Chennai Tamil Nadu 600072 India
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia
| | - P Padmapriya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India
| | - A Noorasafrin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India
| | - B Pooja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India
| | - K Hema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India
| | - Al'aina Yuhainis Firus Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia 25200 Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - K Nithyakalyani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Veltech Multitech Dr. RR & Dr. SR Engineering College Chennai 600 062 India
| | - Fahmi Samsuri
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University Malaysia Pahang Pekan 26600 Malaysia
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11
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Ogura Y, Tanaka Y, Hase E, Yamashita T, Yasui T. Texture analysis of second-harmonic-generation images for quantitative analysis of reticular dermal collagen fibre in vivo in human facial cheek skin. Exp Dermatol 2018; 28:899-905. [PMID: 29658140 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Second-harmonic-generation (SHG) microscopy is a powerful tool for in vivo visualisation of collagen fibres in human skin because of its specific collagen selectivity without the need for staining, non-invasiveness and high-resolution three-dimensional imaging. Although texture analysis of SHG images is a promising method for the quantitative analysis of well-orientated collagen fibre structure in the tendon and cornea, there are few attempts to assess cutaneous ageing. In this study, we applied two texture analysis techniques, namely autocorrelation (2D-AC) analysis and two-dimensional Fourier transform (2D-FT), to evaluate the age-dependent changes in reticular dermal collagen fibres in in vivo human cheek skin. Age-dependent changes in the reticular dermal collagen fibres of female subjects in their 20s, 40s and 60s clearly appeared in these texture analyses. Furthermore, the parameter from 2D-AC analysis showed a significantly higher correlation with skin elasticity measured by a Cutometer® . These results clearly indicate that 2D-AC analysis of SHG images is highly promising for the quantitative evaluation of age-dependent change in facial collagen fibres as well as skin elasticity. An appropriate texture analysis will help to provide quantitative insight into collagen fibre structure and will be useful for the diagnosis of pathological conditions as well as cutaneous ageing in skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ogura
- Shiseido Global Innovation Center, Yokohama, Japan.,Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Hase
- Graduate School of Advanced Technology and Science, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Yasui
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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12
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Morvová M, Jeczko P, Šikurová L. Gender differences in the fluorescence of human skin in young healthy adults. Skin Res Technol 2018; 24:599-605. [PMID: 29700858 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human skin naturally contains many endogenous fluorophores; therefore, fluorescence techniques can be used for monitoring of the human skin even in in vivo mode. The aim of this work was to study skin autofluorescence in vivo regarding the possible effect of gender. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluorescence emission spectra of young healthy Caucasian adults in 3 anatomical regions (forehead, hand, and inner upper arm) were taken with excitation at 280, 325, or 400 nm. RESULTS Three emission bands were found in the spectra for both men and women: (1) an intensive band peaked at 340/280 nm (peak emission/excitation wavelength), corresponding to aromatic amino acids of proteins in epidermis; (2) a broad band with emission between 360 nm and 480 nm (excitation 325 nm) with a base peak around 390 nm and 2 side peaks at 420 and 450 nm, mainly due to collagen cross-links in dermis with a possible weak contribution of elastin and mitochondrial NADPH; (3) a weak but distinct peak at 600/400 nm corresponding presumably to skin unmetalled porphyrins. CONCLUSION The intensity of skin autofluorescence showed differences between genders and among anatomical regions. The 340 nm intensity was 1.4 times higher in the male group in all 3 anatomical regions studied. The highest intensity of skin autofluorescence for the peaks at 340/280 nm and 600/400 nm was found on the forehead, whereas the 390/325 nm band was most intensive on the inner upper arm in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morvová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - P Jeczko
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - L Šikurová
- Department of Nuclear Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Nakamura M, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Krutmann J, Morita A. Alternative test models for skin ageing research. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:495-500. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Nakamura
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
| | | | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine; Düsseldorf Germany
- Medical Faculty; Heinrich-Heine-University; Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology; Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences; Nagoya Japan
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14
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Czekalla C, Schönborn KH, Döge N, Jung S, Darvin ME, Lademann J, Meinke MC. Impact of Body Site, Age, and Gender on the Collagen/Elastin Index by Noninvasive in vivo Vertical Two-Photon Microscopy. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 30:260-267. [PMID: 28803240 DOI: 10.1159/000477854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Extrinsic and intrinsic skin aging is subject to constant remodeling and degradation processes, primarily in components of the extracellular matrix. While collagen fibers thin out during the aging process, the amorphous elastin fibers accumulate. These are essential formative components of the dermis. So far, these processes have been detected in vertical histological sections of invasive biopsies and recently in noninvasive horizontal scans. METHODS In this pilot study, a modified noninvasive 2-photon microscope was applied to measure the collagen/elastin index of skin in vivo. The obtained images permit an immediate vertical survey and allow a conclusion on the dermal composition at once. The collagen/elastin index was quantified by the second harmonic to autofluorescence aging index of dermis (SAAID) depending on volunteers' age (18-66 years), gender, and body area. RESULTS The highest SAAID was measured at the volar forearm as compared to the abdominal SAAID, which was significantly lower (p < 0.05). The gluteal region showed the significantly lowest SAAID (p < 0.05). The SAAID in female skin was higher compared to male skin and decreased with increasing age. CONCLUSION These effects are to be considered in subsequent studies to be able to specifically detect and evaluate influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Czekalla
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Springer S, Zieger M, Böttcher A, Lademann J, Kaatz M. Examination of wound healing after curettage by multiphoton tomography of human skin in vivo. Skin Res Technol 2017; 23:452-458. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Springer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Hospital; Jena Germany
| | - M. Zieger
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Hospital; Jena Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera GmbH; Gera Germany
| | - A. Böttcher
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera GmbH; Gera Germany
| | - J. Lademann
- Center of Experimental and Cutaneous Physiology (CCP); Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - M. Kaatz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; University Hospital; Jena Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology; SRH Wald-Klinikum Gera GmbH; Gera Germany
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16
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Newton VL, Bradley RS, Seroul P, Cherel M, Griffiths CEM, Rawlings AV, Voegeli R, Watson REB, Sherratt MJ. Novel approaches to characterize age-related remodelling of the dermal-epidermal junction in 2D, 3D andin vivo. Skin Res Technol 2016; 23:131-148. [DOI: 10.1111/srt.12312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. L. Newton
- Centre for Dermatology Research; Institute of Inflammation & Repair; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- The Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; Salford UK
| | - R. S. Bradley
- School of Materials; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | | | | | - C. E. M. Griffiths
- Centre for Dermatology Research; Institute of Inflammation & Repair; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- The Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; Salford UK
| | | | - R. Voegeli
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd; Kaiseraugst Switzerland
| | - R. E. B. Watson
- Centre for Dermatology Research; Institute of Inflammation & Repair; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- The Dermatology Centre; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust; Salford UK
| | - M. J. Sherratt
- Centre for Tissue Injury and Repair; Institute of Inflammation & Repair; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
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17
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Boone M, Draye JP, Verween G, Pirnay JP, Verbeken G, De Vos D, Rose T, Jennes S, Jemec GBE, Del Marmol V. Real-time three-dimensional imaging of epidermal splitting and removal by high-definition optical coherence tomography. Exp Dermatol 2016; 23:725-30. [PMID: 25047067 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While real-time 3-D evaluation of human skin constructs is needed, only 2-D non-invasive imaging techniques are available. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the potential of high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) for real-time 3-D assessment of the epidermal splitting and decellularization. Human skin samples were incubated with four different agents: Dispase II, NaCl 1 M, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and Triton X-100. Epidermal splitting, dermo-epidermal junction, acellularity and 3-D architecture of dermal matrices were evaluated by High-definition optical coherence tomography before and after incubation. Real-time 3-D HD-OCT assessment was compared with 2-D en face assessment by reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). (Immuno) histopathology was used as control. HD-OCT imaging allowed real-time 3-D visualization of the impact of selected agents on epidermal splitting, dermo-epidermal junction, dermal architecture, vascular spaces and cellularity. RCM has a better resolution (1 μm) than HD-OCT (3 μm), permitting differentiation of different collagen fibres, but HD-OCT imaging has deeper penetration (570 μm) than RCM imaging (200 μm). Dispase II and NaCl treatments were found to be equally efficient in the removal of the epidermis from human split-thickness skin allografts. However, a different epidermal splitting level at the dermo-epidermal junction could be observed and confirmed by immunolabelling of collagen type IV and type VII. Epidermal splitting occurred at the level of the lamina densa with dispase II and above the lamina densa (in the lamina lucida) with NaCl. The 3-D architecture of dermal papillae and dermis was more affected by Dispase II on HD-OCT which corresponded with histopathologic (orcein staining) fragmentation of elastic fibres. With SDS treatment, the epidermal removal was incomplete as remnants of the epidermal basal cell layer remained attached to the basement membrane on the dermis. With Triton X-100 treatment, the epidermis was not removed. In conclusion, HD-OCT imaging permits real-time 3-D visualization of the impact of selected agents on human skin allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Boone
- Department of Dermatology, Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
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19
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Cicchi R, Kapsokalyvas D, Troiano M, Campolmi P, Morini C, Massi D, Cannarozzo G, Lotti T, Pavone FS. In vivo non-invasive monitoring of collagen remodelling by two-photon microscopy after micro-ablative fractional laser resurfacing. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2014; 7:914-925. [PMID: 24339127 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-linear optical microscopy is becoming popular as a non-invasive in vivo imaging modality in dermatology. In this study, combined TPF and SHG microscopy were used to monitor collagen remodelling in vivo after micro-ablative fractional laser resurfacing. Papillary dermis of living subjects, covering a wide age range, was imaged immediately before and forty days after treatment. A qualitative visual examination of acquired images demonstrated an age-dependent remodelling effect on collagen. Additional quantitative analysis of new collagen production was performed by means of two image analysis methods. A higher increase in SHG to TPF ratio, corresponding to a stronger treatment effectiveness, was found in older subjects, whereas the effect was found to be negligible in young, and minimal in middle age subjects. Analysis of collagen images also showed a dependence of the treatment effectiveness with age but with controversial results. While the diagnostic potential of in vivo multiphoton microscopy has already been demonstrated for skin cancer and other skin diseases, here we first successfully explore its potential use for a non-invasive follow-up of a laser-based treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- National Institute of Optics, National Research Council INO-CNR, Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125, Florence, Italy; European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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20
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Murata T, Honda T, Egawa G, Miyachi Y, Kabashima K. Epicutaneous detection of transepidermally eliminated collagen by multiphoton microscopy: A possible non-invasive diagnosis method for acquired reactive perforating dermatosis. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 76:158-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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21
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Koenig K. Hybrid multiphoton multimodal tomography of in vivo human skin. INTRAVITAL 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/intv.21938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Clinical nonlinear laser imaging of human skin: a review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:903589. [PMID: 25250337 PMCID: PMC4163368 DOI: 10.1155/2014/903589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical microscopy has the potential of being used in vivo as a noninvasive imaging modality for both epidermal and dermal imaging. This paper reviews the capabilities of nonlinear microscopy as a noninvasive high-resolution tool for clinical skin inspection. In particular, we show that two-photon fluorescence microscopy can be used as a diagnostic tool for characterizing epidermal layers by means of a morphological examination. Additional functional information on the metabolic state of cells can be provided by measuring the fluorescence decay of NADH. This approach allows differentiating epidermal layers having different structural and cytological features and has the potential of diagnosing pathologies in a very early stage. Regarding therapy follow-up, we demonstrate that nonlinear microscopy could be successfully used for monitoring the effect of a treatment. In particular, combined two-photon fluorescence and second-harmonic generation microscopy were used in vivo for monitoring collagen remodeling after microablative fractional laser resurfacing and for quantitatively monitoring psoriasis on the basis of the morphology of epidermal cells and dermal papillae. We believe that the described microscopic modalities could find in the near future a stable place in a clinical dermatological setting for quantitative diagnostic purposes and as a monitoring method for various treatments.
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23
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Tilbury K, Hocker J, Wen BL, Sandbo N, Singh V, Campagnola PJ. Second harmonic generation microscopy analysis of extracellular matrix changes in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2014; 19:086014. [PMID: 25134793 PMCID: PMC4137064 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.8.086014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with idiopathic fibrosis (IPF) have poor long-term survival as there are limited diagnostic/prognostic tools or successful therapies. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been implicated in IPF progression; however, the structural consequences on the collagen architecture have not received considerable attention. Here, we demonstrate that second harmonic generation (SHG) and multiphoton fluorescence microscopy can quantitatively differentiate normal and IPF human tissues. For SHG analysis, we developed a classifier based on wavelet transforms, principle component analysis, and a K-nearest-neighbor algorithm to classify the specific alterations of the collagen structure observed in IPF tissues. The resulting ROC curves obtained by varying the numbers of principal components and nearest neighbors yielded accuracies of >95%. In contrast, simpler metrics based on SHG intensity and collagen coverage in the image provided little or no discrimination. We also characterized the change in the elastin/collagen balance by simultaneously measuring the elastin autofluorescence and SHG intensities and found that the IPF tissues were less elastic relative to collagen. This is consistent with known mechanical consequences of the disease. Understanding ECM remodeling in IPF via nonlinear optical microscopy may enhance our ability to differentiate patients with rapid and slow progression and, thus, provide better prognostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karissa Tilbury
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - James Hocker
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Bruce L. Wen
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Medical Physics Department, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, Wisconsin 53715, United States
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- University of Wisconsin, School of Medicine and Public Health Madison, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Vikas Singh
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Paul J. Campagnola
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- University of Wisconsin–Madison, Medical Physics Department, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Address all correspondence to: Paul J. Campagnola, E-mail:
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24
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Koehler MJ, Kellner K, Hipler UC, Kaatz M. Acute UVB-induced epidermal changes assessed by multiphoton laser tomography. Skin Res Technol 2014; 21:137-43. [PMID: 25066913 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo multiphoton tomography (MPT) of human skin has become a valuable tool for non-invasive examination of morphological and biophysical skin properties and their alterations. So far, skin changes after UVB irradiation were mainly evaluated clinically and histologically. The present study aimed at non-invasive imaging of histological changes during acute UVB irradiation by multiphoton laser tomography. METHODS In 10 volunteers, five areas were irradiated once with an erythematous UVB dose. Multiphoton measurements were performed four times, i.e. before irradiation (baseline), and 24, 48 and 72 h after irradiation, respectively. The data were evaluated for changes of epidermal pleomorphy, spongiosis, pigmentation and thickness. RESULTS The four parameters were altered significantly by acute UVB irradiation, i.e. epidermal pleomorphy, spongiosis, pigmentation and thickness increased within 72 h after irradiation. CONCLUSION Thus, the study has shown that typical epidermal changes induced by acute UVB irradiation can be evaluated by MPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Koehler
- Department of Dermatology, SRH Waldklinikum Gera, Gera, Germany; Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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25
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Tong PL, Qin J, Cooper CL, Lowe PM, Murrell DF, Kossard S, Ng LG, Roediger B, Weninger W, Haass NK. A quantitative approach to histopathological dissection of elastin-related disorders using multiphoton microscopy. Br J Dermatol 2014; 169:869-79. [PMID: 23662922 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is a novel imaging technology that has recently become applicable for diagnostic purposes. The use of (near) infrared light in MPM allows for deep tissue imaging. In addition, this modality exploits the autofluorescent nature of extracellular matrix fibres within the skin. OBJECTIVES To quantitate the structure and abundance of elastic fibres in human dermis in three dimensions utilizing autofluorescent signals generated by MPM for the objective examination of elastin-related skin disorders. METHODS Cross-sections of skin samples from elastin-related disorders were analysed by MPM and correlated to histopathology. In situ visualization of elastic fibres by MPM was conducted by en face imaging of ex vivo skin samples through the intact epidermis. Image analysis software was used to quantify elastic fibres in three dimensions. RESULTS Based on the MPM-detected elastin-specific autofluorescence, we developed the Dermal Elastin Morphology Index (DEMI), calculated as the ratio of elastic fibre surface area and volume. This enabled objective three-dimensional quantification of elastic fibres. Quantitative scoring of sun-damaged skin using DEMI correlated with qualitative histopathological grading of the severity of solar elastosis. Furthermore, this approach was applied to changes in elastic fibre architecture in other disorders, such as pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), PXE-like syndrome, elastofibroma, focal dermal elastosis, anetoderma, mid-dermal elastolysis and striae distensae. We imaged elastic fibres in intact ex vivo skin imaged en face through the epidermis, indicating that this approach could be used in vivo. CONCLUSIONS MPM has the potential for noninvasive in vivo visualization of elastic fibres in the dermis with near histological resolution. DEMI allows objective assessment of elastic fibres to support diagnosis and monitoring of disease progress or therapy of elastin-related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Tong
- Centenary Institute, Newtown, NSW, Australia; Discipline of Dermatology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Department of Dermatology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Nimeskern L, van Osch GJ, Müller R, Stok KS. Quantitative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties in Tissue-Engineered Auricular Cartilage. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2014; 20:17-27. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2013.0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luc Nimeskern
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerjo J.V.M. van Osch
- Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Müller
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Yew E, Rowlands C, So PTC. Application of Multiphoton Microscopy in Dermatological Studies: a Mini-Review. JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE OPTICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2014; 7:1330010. [PMID: 25075226 PMCID: PMC4112132 DOI: 10.1142/s1793545813300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the historical and more recent developments of multiphoton microscopy, as applied to dermatology. Multiphoton microscopy offers several advantages over competing microscopy techniques: there is an inherent axial sectioning, penetration depths that compete well with confocal microscopy on account of the use of near-infrared light, and many two-photon contrast mechanisms, such as second-harmonic generation, have no analogue in one-photon microscopy. While the penetration depths of photons into tissue are typically limited on the order of hundreds of microns, this is of less concern in dermatology, as the skin is thin and readily accessible. As a result, multiphoton microscopy in dermatology has generated a great deal of interest, much of which is summarized here. The review covers the interaction of light and tissue, as well as the various considerations that must be made when designing an instrument. The state of multiphoton microscopy in imaging skin cancer and various other diseases is also discussed, along with the investigation of aging and regeneration phenomena, and finally, the use of multiphoton microscopy to analyze the transdermal transport of drugs, cosmetics and other agents is summarized. The review concludes with a look at potential future research directions, especially those that are necessary to push these techniques into widespread clinical acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah Yew
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 CREATE Way CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602
| | - Christopher Rowlands
- Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), 1 CREATE Way CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602
- Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
- GR Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge MA 02139, USA
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28
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Stefania S, Simona S, Paola A, Luisa B, Stefania B, Jennifer C, Chiara F, Paul F, Stefania G, Karsten K, Cristina M, Clifford T, Christopher D. High-resolution multiphoton tomography and fluorescence lifetime imaging of UVB-induced cellular damage on cultured fibroblasts producing fibres. Skin Res Technol 2013; 19:251-7. [PMID: 23590582 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiphoton tomography (MPT) is suitable to perform both ex vivo and in vivo investigations of living skin and cell cultures with submicron resolution. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) generates image contrast between different states of tissue characterized by various fluorescence decay rates. Our purpose was to combine MPT and FLIM to evaluate fibroblasts and collagen fibres produced in vitro. METHODS Fibroblast cultures, 2-4 days old, at a subconfluent stage, were evaluated before and after irradiation with a single UVB dose. One month old cultures stimulated with ascorbic acid were also assessed. RESULTS After UVB radiation, fibroblasts appear irregular in size, lose their alignment and show a decrease in fluorescence lifetime. One month-old fibroblasts, producing collagen fibres after stimulation with ascorbic acid, appear as small roundish structures intermingled by filaments showing a granular arrangement. CONCLUSION The combination of MPT and FLIM may be useful for the in vitro study of cell modifications induced by injurious or protective agents and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seidenari Stefania
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
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Wheller L, Lin LL, Chai E, Sinnya S, Soyer HP, Prow TW. Noninvasive methods for the assessment of photoageing. Australas J Dermatol 2013; 54:290-5. [DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wheller
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Lynlee L Lin
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Eric Chai
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Sudipta Sinnya
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - H Peter Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Dermatology Research Centre; The University of Queensland; School of Medicine; Princess Alexandra Hospital; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Cicchi R, Vogler N, Kapsokalyvas D, Dietzek B, Popp J, Pavone FS. From molecular structure to tissue architecture: collagen organization probed by SHG microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:129-42. [PMID: 22791562 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a fantastic tool for imaging collagen and probing its hierarchical organization from molecular scale up to tissue architectural level. In fact, SHG combines the advantages of a non-linear microscopy approach with a coherent modality able to probe molecular organization. In this manuscript we review the physical concepts describing SHG from collagen, highlighting how this optical process allows to probe structures ranging from molecular sizes to tissue architecture, through image pattern analysis and scoring methods. Starting from the description of the most relevant approaches employing SHG polarization anisotropy and forward - backward SHG detection, we then focus on the most relevant methods for imaging and characterizing collagen organization in tissues through image pattern analysis methods, highlighting advantages and limitations of the methods applied to tissue imaging and to potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy LENS, Via Nello Carrara 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Liao YH, Chen SY, Chou SY, Wang PH, Tsai MR, Sun CK. Determination of chronological aging parameters in epidermal keratinocytes by in vivo harmonic generation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:77-88. [PMID: 23304649 PMCID: PMC3539190 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Skin aging is an important issue in geriatric and cosmetic dermatology. To quantitatively analyze changes in keratinocytes related to intrinsic aging, we exploited a 1230 nm-based in vivo harmonic generation microscopy, combining second- and third-harmonic generation modalities. 52 individuals (21 men and 31 women, age range 19-79) were examined on the sun-protected volar forearm. Through quantitative analysis by the standard algorithm provided, we found that the cellular and nuclear size of basal keratinocytes, but not that of granular cells, was significantly increased with advancing age. The cellular and nuclear areas, which have an increase of 0.51 μm(2) and 0.15 μm(2) per year, respectively, can serve as scoring indices for intrinsic skin aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Liao
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, No.300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Yo Chou
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hsun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Rung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Aït-Belkacem D, Guilbert M, Roche M, Duboisset J, Ferrand P, Sockalingum G, Jeannesson P, Brasselet S. Microscopic structural study of collagen aging in isolated fibrils using polarized second harmonic generation. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:080506-1. [PMID: 23224157 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.8.080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polarization resolved second harmonic generation (PSHG) is developed to study, at the microscopic scale, the impact of aging on the structure of type I collagen fibrils in two-dimensional coatings. A ribose-glycated collagen is also used to mimic tissue glycation usually described as an indicator of aging. PSHG images are analyzed using a generic approach of the molecular disorder information in collagen fibrils, revealing significant changes upon aging, with a direct correlation between molecular disorder and fibril diameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Aït-Belkacem
- Aix-Marseille Université, Institut Fresnel, CNRS UMR 7249, Ecole Centrale, Marseille, Domaine Universitaire St. Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France
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Jiang X, Zhuo S, Xu R, Chen J. Multiphoton microscopic imaging of in vivo hair mouse skin based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation. SCANNING 2012; 34:170-3. [PMID: 21932328 DOI: 10.1002/sca.20284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mouse is an important animal model to investigate skin physiological and pathological states. In this article, multiphoton microscopic imaging of in vivo hair mouse skin based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation was examined. Our results show that multiphoton microscopy can clearly display microstructure of stratum corneum, stratum spinosum, and dermis of in vivo mouse skin. The main components of epidermis and dermis such as corneocytes, spinosum cell, collagen fibers, and hair follicles can be distinctly identified in MPM images. Using the optional HRZ 200 fine focusing stage, thickness of different layers can be easily assessed. The results demonstrate that MPM can be regarded as an efficient method for in vivo investigation of skin physiological and pathological states by using hair mouse animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingshan Jiang
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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Puschmann S, Rahn CD, Wenck H, Gallinat S, Fischer F. Approach to quantify human dermal skin aging using multiphoton laser scanning microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2012; 17:036005. [PMID: 22502563 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.17.3.036005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular skin structures in human skin are impaired during intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Assessment of these dermal changes is conducted by subjective clinical evaluation and histological and molecular analysis. We aimed to develop a new parameter for the noninvasive quantitative determination of dermal skin alterations utilizing the high-resolution three-dimensional multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) technique. To quantify structural differences between chronically sun-exposed and sun-protected human skin, the respective collagen-specific second harmonic generation and the elastin-specific autofluorescence signals were recorded in young and elderly volunteers using the MPLSM technique. After image processing, the elastin-to-collagen ratio (ELCOR) was calculated. Results show that the ELCOR parameter of volar forearm skin significantly increases with age. For elderly volunteers, the ELCOR value calculated for the chronically sun-exposed temple area is significantly augmented compared to the sun-protected upper arm area. Based on the MPLSM technology, we introduce the ELCOR parameter as a new means to quantify accurately age-associated alterations in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Puschmann
- Beiersdorf AG, Research & Development, Unnastrasse 48, 20245 Hamburg, Germany
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35
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Multiphoton microscopy. a powerful tool in skin research and topical drug delivery science. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(12)50036-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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36
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Multiphoton laser microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging for the evaluation of the skin. Dermatol Res Pract 2011; 2012:810749. [PMID: 22203841 PMCID: PMC3235701 DOI: 10.1155/2012/810749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton laser microscopy is a new, non-invasive technique providing access to the skin at a cellular and subcellular level, which is based both on autofluorescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging. Whereas the former considers fluorescence intensity emitted by epidermal and dermal fluorophores and by the extra-cellular matrix, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), is generated by the fluorescence decay rate. This innovative technique can be applied to the study of living skin, cell cultures and ex vivo samples. Although still limited to the clinical research field, the development of multiphoton laser microscopy is thought to become suitable for a practical application in the next few years: in this paper, we performed an accurate review of the studies published so far, considering the possible fields of application of this imaging method and providing high quality images acquired in the Department of Dermatology of the University of Modena.
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Koehler MJ, Lange-Asschenfeldt S, Kaatz M. Non-invasive imaging techniques in the diagnosis of skin diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:425-40. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2011.599064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Baillie L, Askew D, Douglas N, Soyer H. Strategies for assessing the degree of photodamage to skin: a systematic review of the literature. Br J Dermatol 2011; 165:735-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2011.10416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Baillie
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - D. Askew
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - N. Douglas
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
| | - H.P. Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Road, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia
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Lee AMD, Wang H, Yu Y, Tang S, Zhao J, Lui H, McLean DI, Zeng H. In vivo video rate multiphoton microscopy imaging of human skin. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:2865-7. [PMID: 21808340 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We present a multiphoton microscopy instrument specially designed for in vivo dermatological use that is capable of imaging human skin at 27 frames per second with 256 pixels × 256 pixels resolution without the use of exogenous contrast agents. Imaging at fast frame rates is critical to reducing image blurring due to patient motion and to providing practically short clinical measurement times. Second harmonic generation and two-photon fluorescence images and videos acquired at optimized wavelengths are presented showing cellular and tissue structures from the skin surface down to the reticular dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M D Lee
- Integrative Oncology Department-Imaging Unit, British Columbia Cancer Agency Research Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1L3, Canada
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Koehler MJ, Speicher M, Lange-Asschenfeldt S, Stockfleth E, Metz S, Elsner P, Kaatz M, König K. Clinical application of multiphoton tomography in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy for in vivo evaluation of skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2011; 20:589-94. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2011.01279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chen J, Zhuo S, Jiang X, Zhu X, Zheng L, Xie S, Lin B, Zeng H. Multiphoton microscopy study of the morphological and quantity changes of collagen and elastic fiber components in keloid disease. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:051305. [PMID: 21639565 DOI: 10.1117/1.3569617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy was used to study the extracellular matrix of keloid at the molecular level without tissue fixation and staining. Direct imaging of collagen and elastin was achieved by second harmonic generation and two-photon excited fluorescence, respectively. The morphology and quantity of collagen and elastin in keloid were characterized and quantitatively analyzed in comparison to normal skin. The study demonstrated that in keloid, collagen content increased in both the upper dermis and the deep dermis, while elastin mostly showed up in the deep dermis and its quantity is higher compared to normal skin. This suggests the possibility that abnormal fibroblasts synthesized an excessive amount of collagen and elastin at the beginning of keloid formation, corresponding to the observed deep dermis, while after a certain time point, the abnormal fibroblast produced mostly collagen, corresponding to the observed upper dermis. The morphology of collagen and elastin in keloid was disrupted and presented different variations. In the deep dermis, elastic fibers showed node structure, while collagen showed obviously regular gaps between adjacent bundles. In the upper dermis, collagen bundles aligned in a preferred direction, while elastin showed as sparse irregular granules. This new molecular information provided fresh insight about the development process of keloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Chen
- Fujian Normal University, Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Photonics Technology, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350007, China
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42
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Applications of multiphoton tomographs and femtosecond laser nanoprocessing microscopes in drug delivery research. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:388-404. [PMID: 21514335 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton tomography for in vivo high-resolution multidimensional imaging has been used in clinical investigations and small animal studies. The novel femtosecond laser tomographs have been employed to detect cosmetics and pharmaceutical components in situ as well as to study the interaction of drugs with intratissue cells and the extracellular matrix under physiological conditions. Applications include the intra-tissue accumulation of sunscreen nanoparticles in humans, the monitoring the metabolic status of patients with dermatitis, the biosynthesis of collagen after administration of anti-aging products, and the detection of porphyrins after application of 5-aminolevulinic acid. More than 2000 patients and volunteers in Europe, Australia, and Asia have been investigated with these unique tomographs. In addition, femtosecond laser nanoprocessing microscopes have been employed for targeted delivery and deposition in body organs, optical transfection and optical cleaning of stem cells, as well as for the optical transfer of molecular beacons to track microRNAs. These diverse applications highlight the capacity for multiphoton tomography and femtosecond laser nanoprocessing tools to advance drug delivery research.
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43
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Glycosaminoglycans of Abdominal Skin After Massive Weight Loss in Post-bariatric Female Patients. Obes Surg 2011; 21:774-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-011-0405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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44
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Cicchi R, Pavone FS. Non-linear fluorescence lifetime imaging of biological tissues. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2687-97. [PMID: 21455652 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years fluorescence microscopy has become a widely used tool for tissue imaging and spectroscopy. Optical techniques, based on both linear and non-linear excitation, have been broadly applied to imaging and characterization of biological tissues. Among fluorescence techniques used in tissue imaging applications, in recent years two and three-photon excited fluorescence have gained increased importance because of their high-resolution deep tissue imaging capability inside optically turbid samples. The main limitation of steady-state fluorescence imaging techniques consists in providing only morphological information; functional information is not detectable without technical improvements. A spectroscopic approach, based on lifetime measurement of tissue fluorescence, can provide functional information about tissue conditions, including its environment, red-ox state, and pH, and hence physiological characterization of the tissue under investigation. Measurement of the fluorescence lifetime is a very important issue for characterizing a biological tissue. Deviation of this property from a control value can be taken as an indicator of disorder and/or malignancy in diseased tissues. Even if much work on this topic has still to be done, including the interpretation of fluorescence lifetime data, we believe that this methodology will gain increasing importance in the field of biophotonics. In this paper, we review methodologies, potentials and results obtained by using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy for the investigation of biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cicchi
- European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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König K, Speicher M, Köhler MJ, Scharenberg R, Kaatz M. Clinical application of multiphoton tomography in combination with high-frequency ultrasound for evaluation of skin diseases. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2010; 3:759-773. [PMID: 20680976 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The first-ever application of high-frequency ultrasound combined with multiphoton tomography (MPT) and dermoscopy in a clinical trial is reported. 47 patients with different dermatoses such as benign and malign skin cancers, connective tissue diseases, inflammatory skin diseases, and autoimmune bullous skin diseases have been investigated with (i) state-of-the-art and highly sophisticated ultrasound systems for dermatology, (ii) the femtosecond laser multiphoton tomograph and (iii) dermoscopes. Dermoscopy provides two-dimensional color images of the skin surface with a magnification up to 70 x. Depending on the ultrasonic frequencies from 7.5 MHz to 100 MHz, the signal depth varies from about 1 mm to 80 mm. Vertical ultrasound wide-field images provide fast information on depth and volume of the lesion. The 100 MHz ultrasound allows imaging with resolutions down to 16 μm (axial) and 32 μm (lateral). Multiphoton tomography provides 0.36 x 0.36 x 0.001 mm³ horizontal optical sections of a particular region of interest with submicron resolution down to 200 μm tissue depth. The autofluorescence of mitochondrial coenzymes, keratin, melanin, and elastin as well as the network of collagen structures can be imaged. The combination of ultrasound and MPT opens novel synergistic possibilities in diagnostics of skin diseases with a special focus on the early detection of skin cancer as well as the evaluation of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten König
- JenLab GmbH, Schillerstraße 1, 07745 Jena and Campus A1.2, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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Fritze O, Schleicher M, König K, Schenke-Layland K, Stock U, Harasztosi C. Facilitated noninvasive visualization of collagen and elastin in blood vessels. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2010; 16:705-10. [PMID: 19803792 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2009.0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiphoton imaging is a powerful tool for three-dimensional visualization of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and elastin in fresh, nonfixed, and nonembedded tissues. We have previously published data on the induction of the second harmonic generation signal of collagen and autofluorescence of elastin using a tunable multiphoton laser system. Without staining, a second harmonic generation signal was detected for collagen when excited at wavelength lambda(ex) = 840 nm. Switching the excitation wavelength to 760 nm enabled visualization of elastic fiber structures. A limitation of this technology is the laser-tuning process that requires calibration of the system in between the studies. Now we have developed a facilitated method for studying tissues and tissue equivalents that enables simultaneous visualization of collagen and elastin structures using only a single excitation wavelength of 840 nm in combination with two different band-pass filters. This facilitated method will expand the range of application by reducing required time and expenses for the laser system without reducing its capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Fritze
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac, and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Koehler MJ, Vogel T, Elsner P, König K, Bückle R, Kaatz M. In vivo measurement of the human epidermal thickness in different localizations by multiphoton laser tomography. Skin Res Technol 2010; 16:259-64. [PMID: 20636992 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00437.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The in vivo measurement of epidermal thickness is still challenging. While ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and confocal laser microscopy are used with moderate success, this issue has not been addressed by multiphoton laser tomography. OBJECTIVES In the present study, an in vivo measurement of four different morphometric epidermal parameters is performed. METHODS Thirty healthy volunteers aged 21-82 years were included in the study after informed consent and approval of the local ethics committee. At the dorsal forearm and the dorsum of the hand, the thicknesses of the total epidermis, viable epidermis and stratum corneum and the depth of the papillary dermis were calculated from depth-resolved intensity curves after correlation with multiphoton images. RESULTS We have shown consistently that in all age groups, the four morphometric parameters are significantly higher at the hand compared with the forearm, while there were no differences between age groups. This is consistent with most previous findings. CONCLUSION The method presented here provides a novel in vivo investigation tool for the measurement of epidermal morphometric parameters that may be useful for the observation of epidermal changes over time in skin disorders, therapy side effects or in cosmetic science.
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48
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Bazin R, Flament F, Colonna A, Le Harzic R, Bückle R, Piot B, Laizé F, Kaatz M, König K, Fluhr JW. Clinical study on the effects of a cosmetic product on dermal extracellular matrix components using a high-resolution multiphoton tomograph. Skin Res Technol 2010; 16:305-10. [PMID: 20636999 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2010.00432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effects of selected plant extracts in a cosmetic cream on the dermal network components after a 3-month treatment using an in vivo multiphoton tomographic device. METHODS Twenty-four Caucasian women aged between 45 and 65 applied randomly a cosmetic emulsion B containing active ingredients (soy and jasmine) twice a day on one arm and its vehicle A (without active ingredients) on the other arm during 3 months. Measurements were performed on the internal side of the forearm before starting the treatment (T0), after 4 week (T4) and 12 weeks (T12) treatment. Measurements consisted of a multi-layers acquisitions using a multiphoton tomograph with subcellular resolution. Optical sections (about 6 microm thick) were recorded from 0 to about 200 microm using two different wavelengths: 760 and 820 nm. To compare the series of images and obtain an objective quantification of the signal of second harmonic generation (SHG) and autofluorescence, the method used consisted of taking the integrated brightness of an image (same rectangular area for all images) as a measure of the signal. Following this step, a ratio between brightness of images from the area treated with cream A or B and brightness of untreated area was calculated and used as an assessment of treatment efficacy. The parameter used for statistical analysis (variance analysis) is the difference before and after 12 weeks of treatment by either cream A or B of the signal ratios calculated in the upper dermis (118-130 microm) and those from a deeper region of the upper dermis (165-178 microm). RESULTS Signals (autofluorescence+SHG) of extracellular matrix do not change significantly with time (weeks 0, 4 and 12) when cream A (vehicle with no active ingredient) is applied. Treatment with cream B results in an enhancement in the signal level of extracellular matrix at week 12. The comparison of signals, in both areas (118-130 microm and 160-178 microm), show an higher increase in the deeper region than in the more superficial one for product B while we do not notice any change with product A. CONCLUSION The multiphoton tomograph provided excellent high-resolution images, which describe clearly the different skin layers, single cells and extracellular matrix components in all the 24 volunteers. Statistic analyses reveal a real effect for product B with selected plant extracts, known to increase collagen synthesis. Changes observed are characteristics of modifications in dermal collagen and elastin content. To our knowledge, it is the first time that it was possible to demonstrate in vivo the effect of a cosmetic product on the superficial dermal layer, in a non-invasive and non-destructive process, i.e. without cutting the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bazin
- L'Oréal Recherche, 188 Rue Paul Hochard, Chevilly Larue, France.
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Collagen and elastic content of abdominal skin after surgical weight loss. Obes Surg 2010; 20:480-6. [PMID: 19937152 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-009-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collapsed skin folds after bariatric weight loss are often managed by plastic procedures, but changes in dermal composition and architecture have rarely been documented. Given the potential consequences on surgical outcome, a prospective histochemical study was designed. The hypothesis was that a deranged dermal fiber pattern would accompany major changes in adipose tissue. METHODS Female surgical candidates undergoing postbariatric abdominoplasty (n=40) and never obese women submitted to control procedures (n=40) were submitted to double abdominal biopsy, respectively in the epigastrium and hypogastrium. Histomorphometric assessment of collagen and elastic fibers was executed by the Image Analyzer System (Kontron Electronic 300, Zeiss, Germany). RESULTS Depletion of collagen, but not of elastic fibers, in cases with massive weight loss was confirmed. Changes were somewhat more severe in epigastrium (P=0.001) than hypogastrium (P=0.007). Correlation with age did not occur. CONCLUSIONS (1) Patients displayed lax, soft skin lacking sufficient collagen fiber network. (2) Elastic fiber content was not damaged, and was even moderately increased in epigastrium; (3) Preoperative obesity negatively correlated with hypogastric collagen concentration; (4) Future studies should pinpoint the roles of obesity, and especially of massive weight loss, on dermal architecture and response to surgery.
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50
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Kaatz M, Sturm A, Elsner P, König K, Bückle R, Koehler MJ. Depth-resolved measurement of the dermal matrix composition by multiphoton laser tomography. Skin Res Technol 2010; 16:131-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2009.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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