1
|
Ramos YÁL, Pereira NV, Aoki V, Sotto MN, Kawakami JT, da Silva LFF, Sato MN, Orfali RL. Cutaneous inflammasome driving ASC / gasdermin-D activation and IL-1β-secreting macrophages in severe atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 2024; 316:156. [PMID: 38734816 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-024-02899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease with intense pruritus, and chronic skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. To understand the inflammatory status in AD, we investigated the inflammasome complex, that activates ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD), caspase-1 and GSDMD (gasdermin-D), and production of IL-1β and IL-18. We aimed to evaluate the expression of the inflammasome pathway in the skin of adults with AD. Thirty patients with moderate to severe AD and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. We performed the analysis of the inflammasome components NLRP1, NLRP3, AIM-2, IL-1β, IL-18, Caspase-1, ASC, GSDMD, and CD68 expression (macrophage marker) by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The main findings included increased expression of NLRP3, NLRP1 and AIM-2 at dermal level of severe AD; augmented IL-18 and IL-1β expression at epidermis of moderate and severe patients, and in the dermis of severe AD; augmented expression of ASC, caspase-1 and GSDMD in both epidermis and dermis of moderate and severe AD. We detected positive correlation between caspase-1, GSDMD and IL-1β (epidermis) and caspase-1 (dermis) and AD severity; NLRP3, AIM-2 and IL-1β, and NLRP3 with IL-18 in the epidermis; ASC, GSDMD and IL-1β, and NLRP3, AIM-2, caspase-1, and IL-18 in the dermis. We also evidenced the presence of CD68+ macrophages secreting GSDMD, ASC and IL-1β in moderate and severe AD. Cutaneous macrophages, early detected in moderate AD, have its role in the disease inflammatory mechanisms. Our study indicates a canonical activation pathway of inflammasomes, reinforced by the chronic status of inflammation in AD. The analysis of the inflammasome complex evidenced an imbalance in its regulation, with increased expression of the evaluated components, which is remarkably in severe AD, emphasizing its relevance as potential disease biomarkers and targets for immunomodulatory interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi Ramos
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala, Sao Paulo-SP, Cerqueira Cesar, 3016, CEP- 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala, Sao Paulo-SP, Cerqueira Cesar, 3016, CEP- 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala, Sao Paulo-SP, Cerqueira Cesar, 3016, CEP- 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Mírian Nacagami Sotto
- Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joyce Tiyeko Kawakami
- Laboratory of Heart Pathology, Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala, Sao Paulo-SP, Cerqueira Cesar, 3016, CEP- 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Raquel Leão Orfali
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala, Sao Paulo-SP, Cerqueira Cesar, 3016, CEP- 05403-002, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Narros-Fernández P, Chomanahalli Basavarajappa S, Walsh PT. Interleukin-1 family cytokines at the crossroads of microbiome regulation in barrier health and disease. FEBS J 2024; 291:1849-1869. [PMID: 37300849 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in understanding how the microbiome can influence both the physiology and the pathogenesis of disease in humans have highlighted the importance of gaining a deeper insight into the complexities of the host-microbial dialogue. In tandem with this progress, has been a greater understanding of the biological pathways which regulate both homeostasis and inflammation at barrier tissue sites, such as the skin and the gut. In this regard, the Interleukin-1 family of cytokines, which can be segregated into IL-1, IL-18 and IL-36 subfamilies, have emerged as important custodians of barrier health and immunity. With established roles as orchestrators of various inflammatory diseases in both the skin and intestine, it is now becoming clear that IL-1 family cytokine activity is not only directly influenced by external microbes, but can also play important roles in shaping the composition of the microbiome at barrier sites. This review explores the current knowledge surrounding the evidence that places these cytokines as key mediators at the interface between the microbiome and human health and disease at the skin and intestinal barrier tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Narros-Fernández
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, CHI Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Shrikanth Chomanahalli Basavarajappa
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, CHI Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| | - Patrick T Walsh
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
- National Children's Research Centre, CHI Crumlin, Dublin 12, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Lima JF, Teixeira FME, Ramos YÁL, de Carvalho GC, Castelo Branco ACC, Pereira NV, Sotto MN, Aoki V, Sato MN, Orfali RL. Outlining the skin-homing and circulating CLA +NK cells in patients with severe atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2663. [PMID: 38302650 PMCID: PMC10834414 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a complex, multifactorial skin disease, characterized by pruritus and predominant Th2 inflammation. Innate immune cells may play a role in AD development and are composed of granulocytes, macrophages, innate-like T cells, and innate lymphoid cells. This study investigates the phenotypic and functional profile of circulating CLA+ natural killer (NK) cells and its role in the skin-homing to NK cells infiltrated in adults' skin with AD. We selected 44 AD patients and 27 non-AD volunteers for the study. The results showed increased frequencies of both CLA+CD56bright and CLA+CD56dim NK cell populations in the peripheral blood, mainly in severe AD patients. Upon SEB stimulation, we observed an augmented percentage of CLA+CD56dim NK cells expressing CD107a, IFN-γ, IL-10, and TNF, reinforcing the role of staphylococcal enterotoxins in AD pathogenesis. Additionally, we demonstrated increased dermal expression of both NK cell markers NCAM-1/CD56 and pan-granzyme, corroborating the skin-homing, mostly in severe AD. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the potential role of NK cells in the chronification of the inflammatory process in AD skin, as well as their possible relationship with staphylococcal enterotoxins, and as practicable therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josenilson Feitosa de Lima
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi Ramos
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Costa de Carvalho
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Anna Claudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Mírian Nacagami Sotto
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Valéria Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil
| | - Raquel Leao Orfali
- Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Eneas de Carvalho Aguiar, 255, 3o. andar ICHC, Sala 3016, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo, SP, 05403-002, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shen Y, Jiang B, Zhang C, Wu Q, Li L, Jiang P. Combined Inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad Pathway by Prevotella copri and Lactobacillus murinus to Reduce Inflammation and Fibrosis in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11010. [PMID: 37446187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic disease characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts. Cholestasis may lead to hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and amelioration of cholestasis may allow recovery from inflammatory and fibrotic pathological damage. Prevotella copri (P. copri) interventions have been reported to significantly improve cholestasis and liver fibrosis in 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC)-induced PSC mouse models. Even though P. copri treatment alone cannot bring about recovery from DDC-induced inflammation, it increases the abundance of Lactobacillus murinus (L. murinus) compared with DDC treatment, which has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. The abundance of L. murinus still not recovering to a normal level may underlie hepatic inflammation in P. copri + DDC mice. Separate or combined interventions of P. copri and L. murinus were used to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the improvement in PSC inflammation and fibrosis. P. copri and L. murinus significantly reduced the hepatic inflammatory cell aggregation and inflammatory factor expression as well as the hepatic collagen content and fibrin factor expression in the PSC mice. Further analysis of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation levels revealed that treating the PSC mice with the P. copri and L. murinus combined intervention inhibited the activity of the DDC-activated TGF-β1/Smad pathway, thereby reducing liver inflammation and fibrosis. The combination of P. copri and L. murinus inhibits the TGF-β1/Smad pathway and reduces inflammation and fibrosis in PSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Shen
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Baorong Jiang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chenchen Zhang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Li
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
The Role of the Cutaneous Mycobiome in Atopic Dermatitis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8111153. [DOI: 10.3390/jof8111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczematous lesions, itch, and a significant deterioration in the quality of life. Recently, microbiome dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Changes in the fungal microbiome (also termed mycobiome) appear to be an important factor influencing the clinical picture of this entity. This review summarizes the available insights into the role of the cutaneous mycobiome in atopic dermatitis and the new research possibilities in this field. The prevalence and characteristics of key fungal species, the most important pathogenesis pathways, as well as classic and emerging therapies of fungal dysbiosis and infections complicating atopic dermatitis, are presented.
Collapse
|
6
|
de Sousa TR, Fagundes BO, Nascimento A, Fernandes LA, Sgnotto FDR, Orfali RL, Aoki V, Duarte AJDS, Sanabani SS, Victor JR. IgG from Adult Atopic Dermatitis (AD) Patients Induces Thymic IL-22 Production and CLA Expression on CD4+ T Cells: Possible Epigenetic Implications Mediated by miRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6867. [PMID: 35743308 PMCID: PMC9224968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common relapsing inflammatory skin disorder characterized by immune-mediated inflammation and epidermal barrier dysfunction. The pathogenesis of AD is multifactorial and has not been fully elucidated to date. This study aimed to evaluate whether serum IgG from adult AD patients could modulate the thymic maturation of IL-22-producing T cells and CLA+ T cells of non-atopic infants. Given that miRNAs regulate immune response genes, we evaluated whether miRNA expression is also altered in cultured thymocytes. Thymocytes were cultured with purified IgG from AD patients or control conditions (mock, Intravenous-IgG (IVIg), non-atopic IgG, or atopic non-AD IgG). Using flow cytometry analysis, we assessed the expression of CLA and intracellular levels of IL-4, IFN-γ, and IL-22 on double-positive T cells (DP T), CD4 T cells, or CD8 T cells. We also investigated the frequency of IgG isotypes and their direct interaction with the thymic T cells membrane. The miRNA profiles were evaluated by the Illumina small RNA-seq approach. MiRNA target gene prediction and enrichment analyses were performed using bioinformatics. Increased frequencies of IL-22 and CLA+ producing CD4+ T cells cultured with IgG of AD patients was seen in non-atopic infant thymocytes compared to all control conditions. No alterations were observed in the frequency of IgG isotypes among evaluated IgG pools. Evidence for a direct interaction between IgG and thymic DP T, CD4 T, and CD8 T cells is presented. The small RNA-seq analysis identified ten mature miRNAs that were modulated by AD IgG compared to mock condition (miR-181b-5p, hsa-miR-130b-3p, hsa-miR-26a-5p, hsa-miR-4497, has-miR-146a, hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-miR-342-3p, has-miR-148a-3p, has-miR-92a and has-miR-4492). The prediction of the targetome of the seven dysregulated miRNAs between AD and mock control revealed 122 putative targets, and functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. Our results enhance our understanding of the mechanism by which IgG can collaborate in thymic T cells in the setting of infant AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thamires Rodrigues de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 500, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (T.R.d.S.); (B.O.F.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Beatriz Oliveira Fagundes
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 500, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (T.R.d.S.); (B.O.F.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Andrezza Nascimento
- Post-Graduation Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.N.); (L.A.F.)
| | - Lorena Abreu Fernandes
- Post-Graduation Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 04039-002, Brazil; (A.N.); (L.A.F.)
| | | | - Raquel Leão Orfali
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 500, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (T.R.d.S.); (B.O.F.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Valéria Aoki
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 500, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (T.R.d.S.); (B.O.F.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 500, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (T.R.d.S.); (B.O.F.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
- Division of Pathology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Sabri Saeed Sanabani
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 500, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (T.R.d.S.); (B.O.F.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-03, Division of Pathology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Russo Victor
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar 500, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (T.R.d.S.); (B.O.F.); (R.L.O.); (V.A.); (A.J.d.S.D.)
- Faculdades Metropolitanas Unidas (FMU), Health Sciences School, Sao Paulo 04505-002, Brazil
- Medical School, Universidade Santo Amaro (UNISA), Sao Paulo 04829-300, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yendo TM, Sato MN, Branco ACCC, Pietrobon AJ, Teixeira FME, Ramos YÁL, Alberca RW, Valêncio CG, Arruda VN, Romiti R, Arnone M, Hirayama ALDS, Duarte AJDS, Aoki V, Orfali RL. Impact of Inflammatory Immune Dysfunction in Psoriasis Patients at Risk for COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:478. [PMID: 34068473 PMCID: PMC8151299 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is an immune-mediated dermatosis usually associated with comorbidities. Treatment varies from topicals to systemic drugs and data on susceptibility to viral infections in psoriatic patients are scarce. The objectives of this study were to analyze psoriatic patients on different therapies who were at risk for COVID-19 for seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2, pro-inflammatory cytokine profile, comorbidities and outcomes in order to unveil the immunological mechanisms involved in the anti-viral response in patients with psoriasis. Seventy-five patients with psoriasis were divided according to treatment: immunobiologics, methotrexate, topicals and acitretin. Twenty healthy controls were included. Plasma samples were collected for: IgG SARS-COV-2 (ELISA); IL-27, IL-29 and IL-18 (ELISA); and IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-6 and TNF (cytometric array). Seropositivity for SARS-COV-2 was detected in 24 out of 75 psoriasis patients and did not relate to COVID-19 symptoms and/or hospitalization, despite associated comorbidities. Psoriasis patients who were asymptomatic for SARS-COV-2 exhibited immune imbalance with high levels of IL-18, IL-17A and IL-6, and low levels of IL-27 compared to healthy controls. Psoriasis groups showed significant increased cytokine levels only in the group with immunobiologics. Despite immune deviations and lower IL-27, which has a potential antiviral impact, psoriatic patients did not exhibit complications related to COVID-19. An understanding of this kind of proinflammatory profile of psoriatic patients and of the lack of severe outcomes for COVID-19 is essential to establish novel therapeutic approaches and preventive measures, including with regard to the concomitance of viral infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Mina Yendo
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.M.Y.); (M.N.S.); (C.G.V.); (V.N.A.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.L.d.S.H.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (V.A.)
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.M.Y.); (M.N.S.); (C.G.V.); (V.N.A.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.L.d.S.H.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.C.C.B.); (A.J.P.); (F.M.E.T.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (R.W.A.)
| | - Anna Cláudia Calvielli Castelo Branco
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.C.C.B.); (A.J.P.); (F.M.E.T.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (R.W.A.)
| | - Anna Julia Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.C.C.B.); (A.J.P.); (F.M.E.T.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (R.W.A.)
| | - Franciane Mouradian Emidio Teixeira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.C.C.B.); (A.J.P.); (F.M.E.T.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (R.W.A.)
| | - Yasmim Álefe Leuzzi Ramos
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.C.C.B.); (A.J.P.); (F.M.E.T.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (R.W.A.)
| | - Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.C.C.B.); (A.J.P.); (F.M.E.T.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (R.W.A.)
| | - Cesar Giudice Valêncio
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.M.Y.); (M.N.S.); (C.G.V.); (V.N.A.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.L.d.S.H.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (V.A.)
| | - Vivian Nunes Arruda
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.M.Y.); (M.N.S.); (C.G.V.); (V.N.A.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.L.d.S.H.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (V.A.)
| | - Ricardo Romiti
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.M.Y.); (M.N.S.); (C.G.V.); (V.N.A.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.L.d.S.H.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (V.A.)
| | - Marcelo Arnone
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.M.Y.); (M.N.S.); (C.G.V.); (V.N.A.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.L.d.S.H.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (V.A.)
| | - André Luis da Silva Hirayama
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.M.Y.); (M.N.S.); (C.G.V.); (V.N.A.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.L.d.S.H.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (V.A.)
| | - Alberto Jose da Silva Duarte
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.M.Y.); (M.N.S.); (C.G.V.); (V.N.A.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.L.d.S.H.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.C.C.B.); (A.J.P.); (F.M.E.T.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (R.W.A.)
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.M.Y.); (M.N.S.); (C.G.V.); (V.N.A.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.L.d.S.H.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.C.C.B.); (A.J.P.); (F.M.E.T.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (R.W.A.)
| | - Raquel Leao Orfali
- Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (T.M.Y.); (M.N.S.); (C.G.V.); (V.N.A.); (R.R.); (M.A.); (A.L.d.S.H.); (A.J.d.S.D.); (V.A.)
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 01246-903 Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.C.C.C.B.); (A.J.P.); (F.M.E.T.); (Y.Á.L.R.); (R.W.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Staphylococcal enterotoxins modulate the effector CD4 + T cell response by reshaping the gene expression profile in adults with atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13082. [PMID: 31511620 PMCID: PMC6739319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus colonizes the skin of atopic dermatitis (AD) individuals, but the impact of its enterotoxins on the chronic activation of CD4+ T cells demands further analysis. We aimed to analyze the CD4+ T cell anergy profile and their phenotypic and functional features through differential expression of cellular activation markers, cytokine production and response to staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). A panel of 84 genes relevant to T cell anergy was assessed by PCR array in FACS-sorted CD4+ T cells, and the most prominent genes were validated by RT-qPCR. We evaluated frequencies of circulating CD4+ T cells secreting single or multiple (polyfunctional) cytokines (IL-17A, IL-22, TNF, IFN-γ, and MIP-1β) and expression of activation marker CD38 in response to SEA stimulation by flow cytometry. Our main findings indicated upregulation of anergy-related genes (EGR2 and IL13) promoted by SEA in AD patients, associated to a compromised polyfunctional response particularly in CD4+CD38+ T cells in response to antigen stimulation. The pathogenic role of staphylococcal enterotoxins in adult AD can be explained by their ability to downmodulate the activated effector T cell response, altering gene expression profile such as EGR2 induction, and may contribute to negative regulation of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells in these patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
Seiti Yamada Yoshikawa F, Feitosa de Lima J, Notomi Sato M, Álefe Leuzzi Ramos Y, Aoki V, Leao Orfali R. Exploring the Role of Staphylococcus Aureus Toxins in Atopic Dermatitis. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E321. [PMID: 31195639 PMCID: PMC6628437 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11060321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and inflammatory skin disease with intense pruritus and xerosis. AD pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, and immunological factors, including the participation of Staphylococcus aureus. This bacterium colonizes up to 30-100% of AD skin and its virulence factors are responsible for its pathogenicity and antimicrobial survival. This is a concise review of S. aureus superantigen-activated signaling pathways, highlighting their involvement in AD pathogenesis, with an emphasis on skin barrier disruption, innate and adaptive immunity dysfunction, and microbiome alterations. A better understanding of the combined mechanisms of AD pathogenesis may enhance the development of future targeted therapies for this complex disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Seiti Yamada Yoshikawa
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo-SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Josenilson Feitosa de Lima
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo-SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo-SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Yasmin Álefe Leuzzi Ramos
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo-SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Valeria Aoki
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo-SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Leao Orfali
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM-56), Department of Dermatology, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo-SP 01246-903, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Souza CP, Schissler JR, Contreras ET, Dow SW, Hopkins LS, Coy JW, Rosychuk RA, Hawley JR, Lappin MR. Evaluation of immunological parameters in pit bull terrier-type dogs with juvenile onset generalized demodicosis and age-matched healthy pit bull terrier-type dogs. Vet Dermatol 2018; 29:482-e162. [PMID: 30141276 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa P. Souza
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Jennifer R. Schissler
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Elena T. Contreras
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Steven W. Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Leone S. Hopkins
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Jonathan W. Coy
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Rod A.W. Rosychuk
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Jennifer R. Hawley
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| | - Michael R. Lappin
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Colorado State University; 300 West Drake Road Fort Collins CO 80525 USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Orfali RL, da Silva Oliveira LM, de Lima JF, de Carvalho GC, Ramos YAL, Pereira NZ, Pereira NV, Zaniboni MC, Sotto MN, da Silva Duarte AJ, Sato MN, Aoki V. Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins modulate IL-22-secreting cells in adults with atopic dermatitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6665. [PMID: 29703987 PMCID: PMC5923268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory immune-mediated skin disease characterized by skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Interleukin (IL)-22, in cooperation with IL-17, triggers antimicrobial peptide elaboration and enhances certain immunological responses. In AD, IL-22 is related to epidermal hyperplasia, keratinocyte apoptosis, and inhibition of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production. We aimed to evaluate the impact of staphylococcal enterotoxins on the Tc22/Th22 induction in the peripheral blood of AD patients and on CD4+/CD8+ T cells expressing IL-22 in AD skin. Our study showed inhibition of the staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB) response by Th22 (CD4+IL-22+IL-17A-IFN-γ-) cells in AD patients. In contrast, Tc22 (CD8+IL-22+IL-17A-IFN-γ-) cells were less susceptible to the inhibitory effects of staphylococcal enterotoxins and exhibited an enhanced response to the bacterial stimuli. In AD skin, we detected increased IL-22 transcript expression and T lymphocytes expressing IL-22. Together, our results provide two major findings in response to staphylococcal enterotoxins in adults with AD: dysfunctional CD4+ IL-22 secreting T cells and increased Tc22 cells. Our hypothesis reinforces the relevance of CD8 T cells modulated by staphylococcal enterotoxins as a potential source of IL-22 in adults with AD, which is relevant for the maintenance of immunological imbalance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Leao Orfali
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luanda Mara da Silva Oliveira
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Josenilson Feitosa de Lima
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Costa de Carvalho
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yasmim Alefe Leuzzi Ramos
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalli Zanete Pereira
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Naiura Vieira Pereira
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariana Colombini Zaniboni
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mirian Nacagami Sotto
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Notomi Sato
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valeria Aoki
- University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunode-ficiencies (LIM-56), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zaniboni MC, Samorano LP, Orfali RL, Aoki V. Skin barrier in atopic dermatitis: beyond filaggrin. An Bras Dermatol 2017; 91:472-8. [PMID: 27579743 PMCID: PMC4999106 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20164412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex
pathogenesis, where changes in skin barrier and imbalance of the immune system
are relevant factors. The skin forms a mechanic and immune barrier, regulating
water loss from the internal to the external environment, and protecting the
individual from external aggressions, such as microorganisms, ultraviolet
radiation and physical trauma. Main components of the skin barrier are located
in the outer layers of the epidermis (such as filaggrin), the proteins that form
the tight junction (TJ) and components of the innate immune system. Recent data
involving skin barrier reveal new information regarding its structure and its
role in the mechanic-immunological defense; atopic dermatitis (AD) is an example
of a disease related to dysfunctions associated with this complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Valéria Aoki
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP) - São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
dos Santos VG, Orfali RL, de Oliveira Titz T, da Silva Duarte AJ, Sato MN, Aoki V. Evidence of regulatory myeloid dendritic cells and circulating inflammatory epidermal dendritic cells-like modulated by Toll-like receptors 2 and 7/8 in adults with atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2017; 56:630-635. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.13537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa G. dos Santos
- Department of Dermatology; Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency (LIM-56); University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo-SP Brazil
| | - Raquel L. Orfali
- Department of Dermatology; Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency (LIM-56); University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo-SP Brazil
| | - Tiago de Oliveira Titz
- Department of Dermatology; Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency (LIM-56); University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo-SP Brazil
| | - Alberto J. da Silva Duarte
- Department of Dermatology; Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency (LIM-56); University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo-SP Brazil
| | - Maria N. Sato
- Department of Dermatology; Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiency (LIM-56); University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo-SP Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Park KD, Pak SC, Park KK. The Pathogenetic Effect of Natural and Bacterial Toxins on Atopic Dermatitis. Toxins (Basel) 2016; 9:toxins9010003. [PMID: 28025545 PMCID: PMC5299398 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common allergic skin disease that is associated with chronic, recurrent eczematous and pruritic lesions at the flexural folds caused by interacting factors related to environmental and immune system changes. AD results in dry skin, and immunoglobulin E-mediated allergic reactions to foods and environmental allergens. While steroids and anti-histamines temporarily relieve the symptoms of AD, the possibility of side effects from pharmacological interventions remains. Despite intensive research, the underlying mechanisms for AD have not been clarified. A study of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) established the role of its toxins in the pathogenesis of AD. Approximately 90% of patients with AD experience S. aureus colonization and up to 50%–60% of the colonizing S. aureus is toxin-producing. Any damage to the protective skin barrier allows for the entry of invading allergens and pathogens that further drive the pathogenesis of AD. Some natural toxins (or their components) that have therapeutic effects on AD have been studied. In addition, recent studies on inflammasomes as one component of the innate immune system have been carried out. Additionally, studies on the close relationship between the activation of inflammasomes and toxins in AD have been reported. This review highlights the literature that discusses the pathogenesis of AD, the role of toxins in AD, and the positive and negative effects of toxins on AD. Lastly, suggestions are made regarding the role of inflammasomes in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Duck Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea.
| | - Sok Cheon Pak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Panorama Avenue, Bathurst NSW 2795, Australia.
| | - Kwan-Kyu Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, 33, Duryugongwon-ro 17-gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Navarrete-Dechent C, Pérez-Mateluna G, Silva-Valenzuela S, Vera-Kellet C, Borzutzky A. Humoral and Cellular Autoreactivity to Epidermal Proteins in Atopic Dermatitis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:435-442. [PMID: 27147107 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0400-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory disease of the skin, is an important public health concern affecting 10-20 % of children worldwide. The etiology and pathogenesis of AD involve the interplay of genetic and environmental factors, including abnormalities in skin integrity and a skewed immune system usually driven by a Th2 phenotype in childhood with a switch to Th1 in the chronic phase of disease. Children and adults with AD commonly have elevated IgE levels directed to multiple different antigens, including aeroallergens, food allergens, and microbial proteins. IgE targeting self-antigens from epidermal proteins have been detected in up to 91 % of patients, particularly in severe persistent AD. It has been suggested that the occurrence of autoreactivity develops in early childhood. However, it is not clear yet if autoreactive IgEs in patients with AD are pathogenic or just an epiphenomenon. The fact that these autoantibodies are associated with severity and are not present in other allergic or skin diseases favors the pathogenicity of IgE-mediated autoreactivity in AD. In this review, we evaluate the pathogenesis of AD and the emerging role of autoreactivity to various keratinocyte antigens involving both the humoral and cellular components of the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristián Navarrete-Dechent
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Pérez-Mateluna
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 61, Santiago, 8330034, Chile
| | - Sergio Silva-Valenzuela
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Vera-Kellet
- Department of Dermatology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Arturo Borzutzky
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Portugal 61, Santiago, 8330034, Chile. .,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
IL-18 and Cutaneous Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29357-69. [PMID: 26690141 PMCID: PMC4691115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-18, an IL-1 family cytokine, is a pleiotropic immune regulator. IL-18 plays a strong proinflammatory role by inducing interferon (IFN)-γ. Previous studies have implicated IL-18 in the pathogenesis of various diseases. However, it is not well understood biologic activities of IL-18 in the diverse skin diseases. Here, we have reviewed the expression and function of IL-18 in skin diseases including inflammatory diseases. This article provides an evidence-based understanding of the role of IL-18 in skin diseases and its relationship with disease activities.
Collapse
|
17
|
Orfali RL, Sato MN, Santos VG, Titz TO, Brito CA, Duarte AJS, Takaoka R, Aoki V. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B induces specific IgG4 and IgE antibody serum levels in atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2014; 54:898-904. [DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L. Orfali
- Department of Dermatology; University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria N. Sato
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiency; University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Vanessa G. Santos
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiency; University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Tiago O. Titz
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiency; University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Cyro A. Brito
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiency; University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Alberto J. S. Duarte
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation in Dermatology and Immunodeficiency; University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Roberto Takaoka
- Department of Dermatology; University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - Valéria Aoki
- Department of Dermatology; University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; Sao Paulo Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Principato M, Qian BF. Staphylococcal enterotoxins in the etiopathogenesis of mucosal autoimmunity within the gastrointestinal tract. Toxins (Basel) 2014; 6:1471-89. [PMID: 24776983 PMCID: PMC4052247 DOI: 10.3390/toxins6051471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are the products of Staphylococcus aureus and are recognized as the causative agents of classical food poisoning in humans following the consumption of contaminated food. While illness evoked by ingestion of the SE or its producer organism in tainted food are often self-limited, our current understanding regarding the evolution of S. aureus provokes the utmost concern. The organism and its associated toxins, has been implicated in a wide variety of disease states including infections of the skin, heart, sinuses, inflammatory gastrointestinal disease, toxic shock, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. The intricate relationship between the various subsets of immunocompetent T cells and accessory cells and the ingested material found within the gastrointestinal tract present daunting challenges to the maintenance of immunologic homeostasis. Dysregulation of the intricate balances within this environment has the potential for extreme consequences within the host, some of which are long-lived. The focus of this review is to evaluate the relevance of staphylococcal enterotoxin in the context of mucosal immunity, and the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- MaryAnn Principato
- Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
| | - Bi-Feng Qian
- Commissioner's Fellowship Program, Division of Toxicology, Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, 8301 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vanherberghen M, Bureau F, Peters IR, Day MJ, Lynch A, Fievez L, Billen F, Clercx C, Peeters D. Cytokine and transcription factor expression by Aspergillus fumigatus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in dogs with sino-nasal aspergillosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 154:111-20. [PMID: 23759303 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The causal agent of sino-nasal aspergillosis is usually Aspergillus fumigatus, which is a saprophytic and ubiquitous fungus that causes a severe rhinosinusitis in apparent healthy dogs. Affected dogs do not have systemic immuno-suppression. It has been shown previously that dogs affected by this disease have local over-expression of interleukin (IL)-10 and Th1 cytokines in nasal mucosal tissue. The aim of the present study was to assess the response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from affected and unaffected dogs to antigen-specific stimulation with heat-inactivated Aspergillus spp. conidia, by quantifying gene expression for specific Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cytokines and their related transcription factors. Quantification of IL-4 and IFN-γ protein in culture supernatant was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PBMC from dogs with SNA produced adequate mRNA encoding IFN-γ and IFN-γ protein. The expression of IL-17A mRNA was significantly greater in PBMC of affected compared with unaffected dogs. The amount of IL-10 mRNA in PBMC from affected dogs decreased after antigen-specific challenge. These results suggest that the incapacity of affected dogs to clear these fungal infections is not related to a defect in Th1 immunity or to an overwhelming regulatory reaction, but rather to an uncontrolled pro-inflammatory reaction driven by Th17 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Vanherberghen
- Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Liège, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Orfali RL, Shimizu MM, Takaoka R, Zaniboni MC, Ishizaki AS, Costa AA, Tiba APL, Sato MN, Aoki V. Atopic dermatitis in adults: clinical and epidemiological considerations. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2013; 59:270-5. [PMID: 23680276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ramb.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease causing intense pruritus, and with typical clinical features. There are few epidemiological studies concerning AD in adults, as well as little information about its prognostic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological course of adults with AD. METHODS 80 patients aged above 18 years (mean age=29 years) were selected (30 males and 50 females) and interviewed about hospitalization, systemic corticoid usage, age of AD onset, and personal and/or familial history of atopy. Disease severity was evaluated through the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) tool. Laboratory examination included IgE serum levels and eosinophil blood count. RESULTS 71 out of 80 patients referred association with respiratory symptoms (18 had asthma, 17 had rhinitis, and 36 had both conditions); nine out of 80 patients denied any respiratory disease. AD patients were divided in mild (n=25), moderate (n=30), and severe (n=25); 56% had one or more hospitalizations due to AD. A positive association was found between IgE serum levels, eosinophil blood count, and disease severity. CONCLUSION Adult AD represents a clinical challenge that needs to be better characterized, since it can be misdiagnosed and interferes with the patient's social and personal life. The association of skin and respiratory atopic disease is frequent, and laboratory parameters such as circulating IgE levels and eosinophil blood count may be helpful to assess disease severity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Leão Orfali
- Department of Dermatology, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo USP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma Y, Zhang B, Tang RK, Liu Y, Peng GG. Interleukin-18 promoter polymorphism and asthma risk: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:1371-6. [PMID: 21611751 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0871-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2010] [Accepted: 05/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Some studies have shown that IL-18 was associated with aetiology and progression of asthma. However, the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms -607C/A (rs1946518) and -137G/C (rs187238) located in the IL-18 gene promoter and asthma risk was still controversial and ambiguous. To derive a more precise effect on the association between these polymorphisms and asthma risk, we performed a meta-analysis based on the currently available evidence of the literature. A total of 5 studies with 1411 cases and 1525 controls for -607C/A polymorphism and 5 studies with 1883 cases and 6645 controls for -137G/C polymorphism were identified to perform a meta-analysis, up to October 2010. Summary ORs and corresponding 95% CIs for IL-18 polymorphisms and asthma were estimated using fixed- and random-effects models when appropriate. Heterogeneity and publication bias were evaluated. We found that individuals carrying AC/CC genotype of -607C/A polymorphism were associated with an increased asthma risk in recessive model (OR = 1.278; 95% CI, 1.073-1.522). However, no significant association was observed between -137G/C polymorphism and asthma risk under different contrast models. There was no evidence of publication bias. The present meta-analysis suggested that IL-18 -607C/A polymorphism in promoter region was associated with asthma risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Park H, Kim K. Association of blood mercury concentrations with atopic dermatitis in adults: a population-based study in Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2011; 111:573-578. [PMID: 21342690 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases among children and adults. Although the risk factors for atopic dermatitis have not yet been fully identified, exposure to mercury may be an important environmental risk factor. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between mercury body burden and prevalence of atopic dermatitis in an adult population. We recruited participants (n=1990) aged 20 years or older, using stratified random sampling of Korean census blocks. Demographic characteristics and medical history of atopic dermatitis were collected from participants by questionnaire, and mercury levels were determined by an analysis of blood samples. We found that demographic factors such as sex, age, alcohol drinking status, income, and fish or shellfish consumption were important covariates determining blood mercury concentration. Sex and cigarette smoking status were important demographic variables affecting the prevalence of atopic dermatitis. After adjusting for demographic factors, blood mercury concentrations were positively associated with lifetime prevalence of atopic dermatitis [odds ratio (OR), highest vs. lowest tertile=1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.02-2.21; p for trend=0.057]. This association became stronger for 1-year prevalence of atopic dermatitis (OR, highest vs. lowest tertile=1.82; 95% CI, 1.17-2.83; p for trend=0.026). Mercury body burden and atopic dermatitis prevalence vary across demographic characteristics, and increased blood level of mercury was related to an incidence of atopic dermatitis in this adult population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Park
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Claßen A, Kalali BN, Schnopp C, Andres C, Aguilar-Pimentel JA, Ring J, Ollert M, Mempel M. TNF receptor I on human keratinocytes is a binding partner for staphylococcal protein A resulting in the activation of NF kappa B, AP-1, and downstream gene transcription. Exp Dermatol 2010; 20:48-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01174.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
25
|
Haplotype analysis of the interleukin-18 gene in Czech patients with allergic disorders. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:592-7. [PMID: 20304021 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2009] [Revised: 03/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene on chromosome 11q22 has been suggested as a susceptibility factor for allergies. To test for a possible role of IL-18 polymorphisms in Czech population, case-control study including 958 subjects (633 allergic patients and 325 healthy controls) was performed. An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze variants at positions -607 C/A (rs1946518) and -137 G/C (rs187238) in the promoter region together with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method for the detection of polymorphism at position -140 C/G (previously -133 C/G, rs360721) in intron 1 of the IL-18 gene. The -1297 C/T (rs360719) polymorphism was genotyped by real-time-polymerase chain reaction, using a predevelopment TaqMan allele discrimination assay. There were no significant differences in distribution of alleles or genotypes in any of four single nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene between controls and patients. However, subsequent analysis revealed a significant difference in haplotype frequencies between the allergic patients and healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Haplotype formed by -1297 C/-607 A/-137 C/-140 C alleles occurred significantly more frequently in patients than controls (0.0433 vs 0.0129; p < 0.0003; p(corr)< 0.01, OR = 3.37; 95% CI = 1.59-7.14). In contrast, there was no relationship among the IL-18 variants and total serum IgE level. Our results indicate that promoter polymorphisms in the IL-18 gene act in interaction and could play a role in allergic disorders.
Collapse
|
26
|
Eyerich K, Böckelmann R, Pommer AJ, Foerster S, Hofmeister H, Huss-Marp J, Cavani A, Behrendt H, Ring J, Gollnick H, Bonnekoh B, Traidl-Hoffmann C. Comparative in situ topoproteome analysis reveals differences in patch test-induced eczema: cytotoxicity-dominated nickel versus pleiotrope pollen reaction. Exp Dermatol 2009; 19:511-7. [PMID: 19758337 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2009.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A subgroup of patients with atopic eczema develops acute eczematous reactions to type I allergy-inducing agents such as pollen that clinically resemble type IV allergies induced by haptens like metal ions. To clarify the underlying immunologic mechanisms, this study was designed to map the inflammatory in situ topoproteome of eczematous responses to grass/birch pollen and nickel by using atopy patch test (APT) and nickel patch test (NPT) as an appropriate clinical model, respectively. Biopsies from NPT (n = 6) and APT (n = 6) with positive reactions at 72 h were analysed by multiple epitope ligand cartography (MELC), which enabled to investigate coexpression of 49 different epitopes immunohistochemically in a single given tissue section. Colocalisation of IgE and FcepsilonRI was investigated by confocal microscopy. Compared with APT responses, NPT reactions were dominated by cytotoxic TIA-1 + and CD8 + T cells. In contrast, the immune response in APT reactions appeared more pleiotrope - as detected by colocalisation analysis. Multiple combinatorial molecular phenotype (CMP) motifs containing naive, early maturation and memory T cell (CD45RA, CD7, CD44, CD45R0), and general activation markers (CLA, HLA-DR, CD13, CD29, CD58, CD71, CD138) were significantly higher expressed in APT when compared with NPT reactions. APT response was confirmed to be accompanied by IgE bound to FcepsilonRI. In summary, our results demonstrate that the NPT reaction is clearly dominated by cytotoxic events, while the APT reaction to pollen grains is more heterogeneous and elicits a combined humoral and cellular immune reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Eyerich
- ZAUM - Center for Allergy and Environment, Division of Environmental Dermatology and Allergy, Helmholtz Zentrum/TUM, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|