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Gao J, Zhang H, Zhang F. Research progress of TIPE2 in immune-related diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110514. [PMID: 37348234 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The tumor necrosis factor α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) family, which consists of TNFAIP8 (TIPE), TNFAIP8L1 (TIPE1), TNFAIP8L2 (TIPE2) and TNFAIP8L3 (TIPE3), has recently emerged as a regulatory factor involved in immune response and tumorigenesis. Among its members, TIPE2 acts as a negative regulator of both innate and adaptive immunity, playing a crucial role in maintaining immune homeostasis by negatively regulating T cell receptor (TCR) and toll-like receptor (TLR) signal transduction. Immune homeostasis is an indispensable characteristic of the immune system, which prevents harmful inflammatory reactions and ensures the proper functioning of the body. A large number of studies have shown that abnormal TIPE2 expression exists in a variety of inflammation-related diseases such as asthma, colitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus, highlighting the importance of comprehending its function for the prevention and treatment of immune-related conditions. This review aims to provide an overview of the in vivo distribution and expression of TIPE2, its regulatory role in central and peripheral immune-related diseases, and the underlying mechanisms that govern its function in the inflammatory response. By delving into these aspects, a deeper understanding of the role and functionality of TIPE2 in inflammatory responses can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Hanting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao 266000, China.
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2
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Varela VA, da Silva Heinen LB, Marti LC, Caraciolo VB, Datoguia TS, Amano MT, Pereira WO. In vitro differentiation of myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC-like) from an immature myelomonocytic precursor THP-1. J Immunol Methods 2023; 515:113441. [PMID: 36848984 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population with a potent suppressor profile that regulates immune responses. These cells are one of the main components of the microenvironment of several diseases, including solid and hematologic tumors, autoimmunities, and chronic inflammation. However, their wide use in studies is limited due to they comprehend a rare population, which is difficult to isolate, expand, differentiate, and maintain in culture. Additionally, this population has a complex phenotypic and functional characterization. OBJECTIVE To develop a protocol for the in vitro production of MDSC-like population from the differentiation of the immature myeloid cell line THP-1. METHODS We stimulated THP-1 with G-CSF (100 ng/mL) and IL-4 (20 ng/mL) for seven days to differentiate into the MDSC-like profile. At the end of the protocol, we characterized these cells phenotypically and functionally by immunophenotyping, gene expression analysis, cytokine release dosage, lymphocyte proliferation, and NK-mediated killing essays. RESULTS We differentiate THP-1 cells in an MDSC-like population, named THP1-MDSC-like, which presented immunophenotyping and gene expression profiles compatible with that described in the literature. Furthermore, we verified that this phenotypic and functional differentiation did not deviate to a macrophage profile of M1 or M2. These THP1-MDSC-like cells secreted several immunoregulatory cytokines into the microenvironment, consistent with the suppressor profile related to MDSC. In addition, the supernatant of these cells decreased the proliferation of activated lymphocytes and impaired the apoptosis of leukemic cells induced by NK cells. CONCLUSIONS We developed an effective protocol for MDSC in vitro production from the differentiation of the immature myeloid cell line THP-1 induced by G-CSF and IL-4. Furthermore, we demonstrated that THP1-MDSC-like suppressor cells contribute to the immune escape of AML cells. Potentially, these THP1-MDSC-like cells can be applied on a large-scale platform, thus being able to impact the course of several studies and models such as cancer, immunodeficiencies, autoimmunity, and chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Araújo Varela
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Luciana Cavalheiro Marti
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victória Bulcão Caraciolo
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tarcila Santos Datoguia
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariane Tami Amano
- Hospital Sírio Libanês, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Welbert Oliveira Pereira
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein (FICSAE), Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Hirose S, Wang S, Jaggi U, Matundan HH, Kato M, Song XY, Molesworth-Kenyon SJ, Lausch RN, Ghiasi H. IL-17A expression by both T cells and non-T cells contribute to HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1102486. [PMID: 36817487 PMCID: PMC9931899 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1102486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we reported that a recombinant HSV-1 expressing murine IL-2 (HSV-IL-2) causes CNS demyelination in different strains of mice and in a T cell-dependent manner. Since TH17 cells have been implicated in CNS pathology, in the present study, we looked into the effects of IL-17A-/- and three of its receptors on HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination. IL-17A-/- mice did not develop CNS demyelination, while IL-17RA-/-, IL-17RC-/-, IL-17RD-/- and IL-17RA-/-RC-/- mice developed CNS demyelination. Adoptive transfer of T cells from wild-type (WT) mice to IL-17A-/- mice or T cells from IL-17A-/- mice to Rag-/- mice induced CNS demyelination in infected mice. Adoptive T cell experiments suggest that both T cells and non-T cells expressing IL-17A contribute to HSV-IL-2-induced CNS demyelination with no difference in the severity of demyelination between the two groups of IL-17A producing cells. IL-6, IL-10, or TGFβ did not contribute to CNS demyelination in infected mice. Transcriptome analysis between IL-17A-/- brain and spinal cord of infected mice with and without T cell transfer from WT mice revealed that "neuron projection extension involved in neuron projection guidance" and "ensheathment of neurons" pathways were associated with CNS demyelination. Collectively, the results indicate the importance of IL-17A in CNS demyelination and the possible involvement of more than three of IL-17 receptors in CNS demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirose
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shaohui Wang
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ujjaldeep Jaggi
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Harry H. Matundan
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mihoko Kato
- Department of Biology, Pomona College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Xue-Ying Song
- Applied Genomics, Computation, and Translational Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Robert N. Lausch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Al, United States
| | - Homayon Ghiasi
- Center for Neurobiology & Vaccine Development, Ophthalmology Research, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Immunomodulation of the Vaginal Ecosystem by Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 30632 Improves Pregnancy Rates among Women with Infertility of Unknown Origin or Habitual Abortions. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020362. [PMID: 36678233 PMCID: PMC9860997 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the probiotic potential of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT 30632 was assessed, including properties specifically related with gynecological targets. This strain displayed co-aggregative and antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of vaginal pathogens while being respectful with the growth of vaginal lactobacilli. The strain produced a high concentration of lactic acid and displayed α-amylase activity when assayed in vitro. It showed a noticeable survival rate after exposition to conditions similar to those present in the human digestive tract and was adhesive to both vaginal and intestinal cells. Subsequently, their capacity to increase pregnancy rates among women with habitual abortion or infertility of unknown origin was studied. Administration of L. salivarius CECT 30632 (~9 log10 CFU) daily for a maximum of six months to these women was safe and led to a successful pregnancy rate of 67.5% (80% and 55% for women with repetitive abortion and infertile women, respectively). Significant differences in Nugent score, vaginal pH, and vaginal concentrations of lactobacilli, TGF-β, and VEFG were observed when the samples collected before the intervention were compared with those collected after the treatment among those women who got pregnant. Therefore, this strain can modulate the vaginal ecosystem and lead to better fertility outcomes.
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Wan S, Xu W, Xie B, Guan C, Song X. The potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies for alopecia areata. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1111547. [PMID: 37205097 PMCID: PMC10186346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1111547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte has been a concern for the etiopathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA), some recent evidence suggests that the regulatory T (Treg) cell deficiency is also a contributing factor. In the lesional scalp of AA, Treg cells residing in the follicles are impaired, leading to dysregulated local immunity and hair follicle (HF) regeneration disorders. New strategies are emerging to modulate Treg cells' number and function for autoimmune diseases. There is much interest to boost Treg cells in AA patients to suppress the abnormal autoimmunity of HF and stimulate hair regeneration. With few satisfactory therapeutic regimens available for AA, Treg cell-based therapies could be the way forward. Specifically, CAR-Treg cells and novel formulations of low-dose IL-2 are the alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuiping Guan
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuzu Song, ; Cuiping Guan,
| | - Xiuzu Song
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Third Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiuzu Song, ; Cuiping Guan,
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Karhadkar TR, Chen W, Pilling D, Gomer RH. Inhibitors of the Sialidase NEU3 as Potential Therapeutics for Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:239. [PMID: 36613682 PMCID: PMC9820515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosing diseases are a major medical problem, and are associated with more deaths per year than cancer in the US. Sialidases are enzymes that remove the sugar sialic acid from glycoconjugates. In this review, we describe efforts to inhibit fibrosis by inhibiting sialidases, and describe the following rationale for considering sialidases to be a potential target to inhibit fibrosis. First, sialidases are upregulated in fibrotic lesions in humans and in a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis. Second, the extracellular sialidase NEU3 appears to be both necessary and sufficient for pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Third, there exist at least three mechanistic ways in which NEU3 potentiates fibrosis, with two of them being positive feedback loops where a profibrotic cytokine upregulates NEU3, and the upregulated NEU3 then upregulates the profibrotic cytokine. Fourth, a variety of NEU3 inhibitors block pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model. Finally, the high sialidase levels in a fibrotic lesion cause an easily observed desialylation of serum proteins, and in a mouse model, sialidase inhibitors that stop fibrosis reverse the serum protein desialylation. This then indicates that serum protein sialylation is a potential surrogate biomarker for the effect of sialidase inhibitors, which would facilitate clinical trials to test the exciting possibility that sialidase inhibitors could be used as therapeutics for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard H. Gomer
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3474, USA
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Angelova G, Brazkova M, Mihaylova D, Slavov A, Petkova N, Blazheva D, Deseva I, Gotova I, Dimitrov Z, Krastanov A. Bioactivity of Biomass and Crude Exopolysaccharides Obtained by Controlled Submerged Cultivation of Medicinal Mushroom Trametes versicolor. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070738. [PMID: 35887493 PMCID: PMC9319109 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to characterize the bioactivity of mycelial biomass and crude exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Trametes versicolor NBIMCC 8939 and to reveal its nutraceutical potential. The EPS (1.58 g/L) were isolated from a culture broth. The macrofungal biomass was rich in protein, insoluble dietary fibers and glucans. The amino acid composition of the biomass was analyzed and 18 amino acids were detected. Three mycelial biomass extracts were prepared and the highest total polyphenol content (16.11 ± 0.14 mg GAE/g DW) and the total flavonoid content (5.15 ± 0.03 mg QE/g DW) were found in the water extract. The results indicated that the obtained EPS were heteropolysaccharides with glucose as the main building monosaccharide and minor amounts of mannose, xylose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the complex structure of the crude EPS. Five probiotic lactic acid bacteria strains were used for the determination of the prebiotic effect of the crude EPS. The anti-inflammatory potential was tested in vitro using cell line HT-29. The significant decrease of IL-1 and IL-8 and increase of TGF-beta expression revealed anti-inflammatory potential of the crude exopolysaccharides from T. versicolor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galena Angelova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (G.A.); (D.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Mariya Brazkova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (G.A.); (D.M.); (A.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dasha Mihaylova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (G.A.); (D.M.); (A.K.)
| | - Anton Slavov
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Nadejda Petkova
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (A.S.); (N.P.)
| | - Denica Blazheva
- Department of Microbiology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivelina Deseva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physicochemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Irina Gotova
- LB-Bulgaricum PLC, R&D Center, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (Z.D.)
| | - Zhechko Dimitrov
- LB-Bulgaricum PLC, R&D Center, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria; (I.G.); (Z.D.)
| | - Albert Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritsa Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria; (G.A.); (D.M.); (A.K.)
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Zhibai Dihuang Pill Alleviates Ureaplasma urealyticum-Induced Spermatogenic Failure and Testicular Dysfunction via MAPK Signaling Pathway. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:7174399. [PMID: 35242210 PMCID: PMC8888053 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7174399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The testicles and sperm are extremely susceptible to inflammation and oxidative stress. Although Zhibai Dihuang Pill (ZDP) has been reported to treat various infertilities including male infertility induced by Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection, its mechanism is still poorly understood. This study is aimed at clarifying the underlying mechanism of ZDP to protect against UU-infected male infertility. We found that UU-infected infertile rats exhibited weight loss, reduced food intake, and decreased sperm count and vitality. The administration of ZDP improved the general state and sperm motility of rats. In addition, UU infection led to spermatogenesis disorders, impaired secretory function and blood-testis barrier (BTB) of Sertoli cells, and elevated inflammation and oxidative stress. As expected, ZDP suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress to alleviate spermatogenesis disorders. Our research showed that ZDP could improve spermatogenesis disorders and testicular function primarily through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. ZDP exerts its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects via the MAPK signaling pathway, thus playing an important role in ameliorating spermatogenesis failure and testicular dysfunction.
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Krzyżanowska N, Wojas-Krawczyk K, Milanowski J, Krawczyk P. Future Prospects of Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients: Is There Hope in Other Immune Checkpoints Targeting Molecules? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063087. [PMID: 35328510 PMCID: PMC8950480 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, one of the leading treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer is immunotherapy involving immune checkpoint inhibitors. These monoclonal antibodies restore the anti-tumour immune response altered by negative immune checkpoint interactions. The most commonly used immunotherapeutics in monotherapy are anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies. The effectiveness of both groups of antibodies has been proven in many clinical trials, which have translated into positive immunotherapeutic registrations for cancer patients worldwide. These antibodies are generally well tolerated, and certain patients achieve durable responses. However, given the resistance of some patients to this form of therapy, along with its other drawbacks, such as adverse events, alternatives are constantly being sought. Specifically, new drugs targeting already known molecules are being tested, and new potential targets are being explored. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the latest developments in this area.
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Hoffmann JC, Schön MP. Integrin α E(CD103)β 7 in Epithelial Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:6211. [PMID: 34944831 PMCID: PMC8699740 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions of both the innate and the adaptive immune system with tumors are complex and often influence courses and therapeutic treatments in unanticipated ways. Based on the concept that CD8+T cells can mediate important antitumor effects, several therapies now aim to amplify their specific activity. A subpopulation of CD8+ tissue-resident T lymphocytes that express the αE(CD103)β7 integrin has raised particular interest. This receptor presumably contributes to the recruitment and retention of tumor-infiltrating immune cells through interaction with its ligand, E-cadherin. It appears to have regulatory functions and is thought to be a component of some immunological synapses. In TGF-rich environments, the αE(CD103)β7/E-cadherin-interaction enhances the binding strength between tumor cells and infiltrating T lymphocytes. This activity facilitates the release of lytic granule contents and cytokines as well as further immune responses and the killing of target cells. Expression of αE(CD103)β7 in some tumors is associated with a rather favorable prognosis, perhaps with the notable exception of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Although epithelial skin tumors are by far the most common tumors of fair-skinned people, there have been very few studies on the distribution of αE(CD103)β7 expressing cells in these neoplasms. Given this background, we describe here that αE(CD103)β7 is scarcely present in basal cell carcinomas, but much more abundant in squamous cell carcinomas with heterogeneous distribution. Notwithstanding a substantial number of studies, the role of αE(CD103)β7 in the tumor context is still far from clear. Here, we summarize the essential current knowledge on αE(CD103)β7 and outline that it is worthwhile to further explore this intriguing receptor with regard to the pathophysiology, therapy, and prognosis of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C. Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Michael P. Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany;
- Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Pimenta DB, Varela VA, Datoguia TS, Caraciolo VB, Lopes GH, Pereira WO. The Bone Marrow Microenvironment Mechanisms in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:764698. [PMID: 34869355 PMCID: PMC8639599 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.764698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow (BM) is a highly complex tissue that provides important regulatory signals to orchestrate hematopoiesis. Resident and transient cells occupy and interact with some well characterized niches to produce molecular and cellular mechanisms that interfere with differentiation, migration, survival, and proliferation in this microenvironment. The acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the most common and severe hematological neoplasm in adults, arises and develop in the BM. The osteoblastic, vascular, and reticular niches provide surface co-receptors, soluble factors, cytokines, and chemokines that mediate important functions on hematopoietic cells and leukemic blasts. There are some evidences of how AML modify the architecture and function of these three BM niches, but it has been still unclear how essential those modifications are to maintain AML development. Basic studies and clinical trials have been suggesting that disturbing specific cells and molecules into the BM niches might be able to impair leukemia competencies. Either through niche-specific molecule inhibition alone or in combination with more traditional drugs, the bone marrow microenvironment is currently considered the potential target for new strategies to treat AML patients. This review describes the cellular and molecular constitution of the BM niches under healthy and AML conditions, presenting this anatomical compartment by a new perspective: as a prospective target for current and next generation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Bifano Pimenta
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Araujo Varela
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarcila Santos Datoguia
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victória Bulcão Caraciolo
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Herculano Lopes
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Welbert Oliveira Pereira
- Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Vaginal delivery of vaccines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113956. [PMID: 34481031 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent estimates suggest that one in two sexually active individuals will acquire a sexually transmitted infection by age 25, an alarming statistic that amounts to over 1 million new infections per day worldwide. Vaccination against STIs is highly desirable for alleviating this global burden of disease. Vaginal immunization is a promising strategy to combat transmission via the vaginal mucosa. The vagina is typically considered a poor inductive site for common correlates of adaptive immunity. However, emerging evidence suggests that immune tolerance may be overcome by precisely engineered vaccination schemes that orchestrate cell-mediated immunity and establish tissue resident memory immune cells. In this review, we will discuss the unique immunological milieu of the vaginal mucosa and our current understanding of correlates of pathogenesis and protection for several common STIs. We then present a summary of recent vaginal vaccine studies and explore the role that mucosal adjuvants and delivery systems play in enhancing protection according to requisite features of immunity. Finally, we offer perspectives on the challenges and future directions of vaginal vaccine delivery, discussing remaining physiological barriers and innovative vaccine formulations that may overcome them.
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Schoenberg MB, Li X, Li X, Han Y, Börner N, Koch D, Guba MO, Werner J, Bazhin AV. The interactions between major immune effector cells and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A systematic review. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108220. [PMID: 34673334 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver neoplasm with high morbidity and mortality. Tumor immunotherapy might be promising adjuvant therapy for HCC after surgery. To better develop HCC immunotherapy, comprehensive understanding of cell-cell interactions between immune effector cells and HCC cells remains crucial. AIM To review the existing studies to summarize the cell-cell interactions between major immune effector cells and HCC cells providing new data for HCC immunotherapy. METHODS A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed database covering all papers published in recent five years up to January 2020. The guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews were firmly followed. RESULTS There are 9 studies researching the interactions between CD8+ T lymphocytes and HCC cells and 22 studies researching that between natural killer (NK) cells and HCC cells. Among the 9 studies, 6 studies reported that CD8+ T lymphocytes showed cytotoxicity towards HCC cells while 3 studies found CD8+ T lymphocytes were impaired by HCC cells. Among the 22 studies, 20 studies presented that NK cells could inhibit HCC cells. Two studies were found to report NK cell dysfunction in HCC. CONCLUSION Based on the systematic analysis, we concluded that CD8+ T lymphocytes and NK cells can inhibit HCC cells. While in turn, HCC cells can also result in the dysfunction of those effector cells through various mechanisms. Organoids and direct contact cell co-culture with primary HCC cells and TILs should be the most innovative way to investigate the interactions and develop novel immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Bo Schoenberg
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Dermatology, Jinan Central Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Department of Oncology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yongsheng Han
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Börner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Koch
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Otto Guba
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; Transplantation Center Munich, Hospital of the LMU, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Werner
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandr V Bazhin
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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14
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Zheng R, Fu Z, Zhao Z. Association of Transforming Growth Factor β1 Gene Polymorphisms and Inflammatory Factor Levels with Susceptibility to Sepsis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:187-198. [PMID: 33734893 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the association of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and plasma TGF-β1 levels with susceptibility to sepsis. Methods: The genotypes of the TGF-β1 gene rs1800469, rs1800468, rs1800470, and rs1800471 loci in 285 sepsis patients (119 patients with severe sepsis and 166 patients with mild sepsis) and 285 healthy individuals (control group) were analyzed through Sanger sequencing. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of plasma inflammatory factors. Results: The TGF-β1 gene SNP rs1800469 C allele was 0.56 times lower than the T allele in terms of risk of susceptibility to sepsis (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.72, p < 0.01). Carriers of the A allele at the rs1800468 locus of the TGF-β1 were 2.82 times more susceptible to sepsis than those with the G allele (95% CI: 1.62-4.91, p < 0.01). The T allele at the rs1800470 locus of TGF-β1 produced a lower risk of sepsis than those with the C allele (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57-0.94, p = 0.02). The risk of susceptibility to sepsis in the TGF-β1 rs1800471 locus G allele was 3.54 times higher than that of C allele (95% CI: 2.14-5.86, p < 0.01). The TGF-β1 gene rs1800469 T > C and rs1800470 C > T were associated with mild sepsis, whereas rs1800468 G > A and rs1800471 C > G were associated with severe sepsis (p < 0.01). The TGF-β1 gene rs1800469 T > C and rs1800470 C > T were associated with lower plasma TGF-β1 levels, whereas rs1800468 G > A and rs1800471 C > G were associated with higher TGF-β1 levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The alleles T > C of rs1800469 and C > T of rs1800470 of the TGF-β1 gene were associated with lower plasma TGF-β1 levels and a reduced risk of sepsis susceptibility, whereas the alleles rs1800468 G > A and rs1800471 C > G were associated with higher TGF-β1 levels and risk of susceptibility to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongmin Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zimiao Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Al Mamun A, Ngwa C, Qi S, Honarpisheh P, Datar S, Sharmeen R, Xu Y, McCullough LD, Liu F. Neuronal CD200 Signaling Is Protective in the Acute Phase of Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2021; 52:3362-3373. [PMID: 34353112 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.032374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CD200 (cluster of differentiation 200), a highly glycosylated protein primarily expressed on neurons in the central nervous system, binds with its receptor CD200R to form an endogenous inhibitory signal against immune responses. However, little is known about the effect of neuronal CD200 signaling in cerebral ischemia. The aim of this study was to investigate how neuronal CD200 signaling impacts poststroke inflammation and the ischemic injury. METHODS CD200 tma1lf/fl:Thy1CreER mice were treated with tamoxifen to induce conditional gene knockout (ICKO) of neuronal CD200. The mice were subjected to a 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke outcomes, apoptotic cell death, immune cell infiltration, microglia activation, and other inflammatory profiles were evaluated at 3 and 7 days after stroke. RESULTS Infarct volumes were significantly larger, and behavioral deficits more severe in ICKO versus control mice at 3 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay also revealed a significant increase in apoptotic neuronal death in CD200 ICKO mice. An enhancement in lymphocytic infiltration and microglial proinflammatory responses were revealed by flow cytometry at 3 and 7 days after stroke in ICKO mice, accompanied by an increased microglial phagocytosis activity. Plasma proinflammatory cytokine (TNFα [tumor necrosis factor alpha] and IL [interleukin]-1β) levels significantly increased at 3 days, and IL-1β/IL-6 levels increased at 7 days in ICKO versus control animals. ICKO led to significantly lower baseline level of CD200 both in brain and plasma. CONCLUSIONS Neuronal CD200 inhibits proinflammatory responses and is protective against stroke injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Conelius Ngwa
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Shaohua Qi
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Pedram Honarpisheh
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Saumil Datar
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Romana Sharmeen
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston
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16
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Groblewska M, Mroczko B. Pro- and Antiangiogenic Factors in Gliomas: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116126. [PMID: 34200145 PMCID: PMC8201226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, a complex, multistep process of forming new blood vessels, plays crucial role in normal development, embryogenesis, and wound healing. Malignant tumors characterized by increased proliferation also require new vasculature to provide an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients for developing tumor. Gliomas are among the most frequent primary tumors of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by increased new vessel formation. The processes of neoangiogenesis, necessary for glioma development, are mediated by numerous growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and other proteins. In contrast to other solid tumors, some biological conditions, such as the blood–brain barrier and the unique interplay between immune microenvironment and tumor, represent significant challenges in glioma therapy. Therefore, the objective of the study was to present the role of various proangiogenic factors in glioma angiogenesis as well as the differences between normal and tumoral angiogenesis. Another goal was to present novel therapeutic options in oncology approaches. We performed a thorough search via the PubMed database. In this paper we describe various proangiogenic factors in glioma vasculature development. The presented paper also reviews various antiangiogenic factors necessary in maintaining equilibrium between pro- and antiangiogenic processes. Furthermore, we present some novel possibilities of antiangiogenic therapy in this type of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Groblewska
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital in Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University of Białystok, 15-269 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-858318785
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17
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Hernandez JL, Park J, Yao S, Blakney AK, Nguyen HV, Katz BH, Jensen JT, Woodrow KA. Effect of tissue microenvironment on fibrous capsule formation to biomaterial-coated implants. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120806. [PMID: 33905960 PMCID: PMC8135119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Within tissue exposed to the systemic immune system, lymphocytes and fibroblasts act against biomaterials via the development of a fibrous capsule, known as the foreign body reaction (FBR). Inspired by the natural tolerance that the uterine cavity has to foreign bodies, our study explores the role of microenvironment across classical (subcutaneous) and immune privileged (uterine) tissues in the development of the FBR. As a model biomaterial, we used electrospun fibers loaded with sclerosing agents to provoke scar tissue growth. Additionally, we integrated these materials onto an intrauterine device as a platform for intrauterine biomaterial studies. Polyester materials in vitro achieved drug release up to 10 days, greater pro-inflammatory and pro-healing cytokine expression, and the addition of gelatin enabled greater fibroblast attachment. We observed the materials that induced the greatest FBR in the mouse, had no effect when inserted at the utero-tubal junction of non-human primates. These results suggest that the FBR varies across different tissue microenvironments, and a dampened fibrotic response exists in the uterine cavity, possibly due to immune privilege. Further study of immune privileged tissue factors on biomaterials could broaden our understanding of the FBR and inform new methods for achieving biocompatibility in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Jaehyung Park
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Shan Yao
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Anna K Blakney
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Hienschi V Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Bob H Katz
- ContraMed LLC, 900 E. Hamilton Ave, Campbell, CA, 95008, USA
| | - Jeffrey T Jensen
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Ave, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Kim A Woodrow
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.
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18
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Identification of chlorophyll a-b binding protein AB96 as a novel TGFβ1 neutralizing agent. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7740. [PMID: 33833368 PMCID: PMC8032758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of compounds and proteins from plants has greatly contributed to modern medicine. Vernonia amygdalina Del. (Compositae) is used by humans and primates for a variety of conditions including parasitic infection. This paper describes the serendipitous discovery that V. amygdalina extract was able to bind to, and functionally inhibit, active TGFβ1. The binding agent was isolated and identified as chlorophyll a-b binding protein AB96. Given that active TGFβ1 contributes to the pathology of many infectious diseases, inhibiting these processes may explain some of the benefits associated with the ingestion of this species. This is the first plant-derived cytokine-neutralizing protein to be described and paves the way for further such discoveries.
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19
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Constantinou A, Kanti V, Polak-Witka K, Blume-Peytavi U, Spyrou GM, Vogt A. The Potential Relevance of the Microbiome to Hair Physiology and Regeneration: The Emerging Role of Metagenomics. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9030236. [PMID: 33652789 PMCID: PMC7996884 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9030236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skin and hair follicles are recognized sites of microbial colonization. These microbiota help regulate host immune mechanisms via an interplay between microbes and immune cells, influencing homeostasis and inflammation. Bacteria affect immune responses by controlling the local inflammatory milieu, the breakdown of which can result in chronic inflammatory disorders. Follicular microbiome shifts described in some inflammatory cutaneous diseases suggest a link between their development or perpetuation and dysbiosis. Though the hair follicle infundibulum is an area of intense immunological interactions, bulb and bulge regions represent immune-privileged niches. Immune privilege maintenance seems essential for hair growth and regeneration, as collapse and inflammation characterize inflammatory hair disorders like alopecia areata and primary cicatricial alopecia. Current research largely focuses on immunological aberrations. However, studies suggest that external stimuli and interactions across the follicular epithelium can have profound effects on the local immune system, homeostasis, and cycling. Herein, we review hair follicle bacterial colonization, its possible effects on the underlying tissue, and links to the pathogenesis of alopecia, beyond the pure investigation of specific species abundance. As skin microbiology enters the metagenomics era, multi-dimensional approaches will enable a new level of investigations on the effects of microorganisms and metabolism on host tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Constantinou
- Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.C.); (V.K.); (K.P.-W.); (U.B.-P.)
| | - Varvara Kanti
- Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.C.); (V.K.); (K.P.-W.); (U.B.-P.)
| | - Katarzyna Polak-Witka
- Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.C.); (V.K.); (K.P.-W.); (U.B.-P.)
| | - Ulrike Blume-Peytavi
- Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.C.); (V.K.); (K.P.-W.); (U.B.-P.)
| | - George M. Spyrou
- Bioinformatics ERA Chair, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, 6 Iroon Avenue, 2371 Ayios Dometios, Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Annika Vogt
- Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin and Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (A.C.); (V.K.); (K.P.-W.); (U.B.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Application of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT5713 to Achieve Term Pregnancies in Women with Repetitive Abortion or Infertility of Unknown Origin by Microbiological and Immunological Modulation of the Vaginal Ecosystem. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010162. [PMID: 33419054 PMCID: PMC7825435 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the cervicovaginal environment of women with reproductive failure (repetitive abortion, infertility of unknown origin) was assessed and compared to that of healthy fertile women. Subsequently, the ability of Ligilactobacillus salivarius CECT5713 to increase pregnancy rates in women with reproductive failure was evaluated. Vaginal pH and Nugent score were higher in women with reproductive failure than in fertile women. The opposite was observed regarding the immune factors TGF-β 1, TFG-β 2, and VEFG. Lactobacilli were detected at a higher frequency and concentration in fertile women than in women with repetitive abortion or infertility. The metataxonomic study revealed that vaginal samples from fertile women were characterized by the high abundance of Lactobacillus sequences, while DNA from this genus was practically absent in one third of samples from women with reproductive failure. Daily oral administration of L. salivarius CECT5713 (~9 log10 CFU/day) to women with reproductive failure for a maximum of 6 months resulted in an overall successful pregnancy rate of 56%. The probiotic intervention modified key microbiological, biochemical, and immunological parameters in women who got pregnant. In conclusion, L. salivarius CECT5713 has proved to be a good candidate to improve reproductive success in women with reproductive failure.
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21
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Feehan J, Kassem M, Pignolo RJ, Duque G. Bone From Blood: Characteristics and Clinical Implications of Circulating Osteogenic Progenitor (COP) Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:12-23. [PMID: 33118647 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating osteogenic progenitor (COP) cells are a population of cells in the peripheral blood with the capacity for bone formation, as well as broader differentiation into mesoderm-like cells in vitro. Although some of their biological characteristics are documented in vitro, their role in diseases of the musculoskeletal system remains yet to be fully evaluated. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of COP cells in a number of physiological and pathological conditions, as well as identify areas for future research. In addition, we suggest possible areas for clinical utilization in the management of musculoskeletal diseases. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Feehan
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne-Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital & University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology (DanStem), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert J Pignolo
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne-Western Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Bertolini M, McElwee K, Gilhar A, Bulfone‐Paus S, Paus R. Hair follicle immune privilege and its collapse in alopecia areata. Exp Dermatol 2020; 29:703-725. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin McElwee
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Skin Sciences University of Bradford Bradford UK
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Amos Gilhar
- Laboratory for Skin Research Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion‐Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Silvia Bulfone‐Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Monasterium Laboratory Münster Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research University of Manchester and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Manchester UK
- Dr. Philip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami FL USA
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Pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis in AhR deficient hosts is severe and associated with defective Treg and Th22 responses. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11312. [PMID: 32647342 PMCID: PMC7347857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AhR is a ligand-activated transcription factor that plays an important role in the innate and adaptive immune responses. In infection models, it has been associated with host responses that promote or inhibit disease progression. In pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis, a primary fungal infection endemic in Latin America, immune protection is mediated by Th1/Th17 cells and disease severity with predominant Th2/Th9/Treg responses. Because of its important role at epithelial barriers, we evaluate the role of AhR in the outcome of a pulmonary model of paracoccidioidomycosis. AhR−/− mice show increased fungal burdens, enhanced tissue pathology and mortality. During the infection, AhR−/− mice have more pulmonary myeloid cells with activated phenotype and reduced numbers expressing indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1. AhR-deficient lungs have altered production of cytokines and reduced numbers of innate lymphoid cells (NK, ILC3 and NCR IL-22). The lungs of AhR−/− mice showed increased presence Th17 cells concomitant with reduced numbers of Th1, Th22 and Foxp3+ Treg cells. Furthermore, treatment of infected WT mice with an AhR-specific antagonist (CH223191) reproduced the main findings obtained in AhR−/− mice. Collectively our data demonstrate that in pulmonary paracoccidioidomycosis AhR controls fungal burden and excessive tissue inflammation and is a possible target for antifungal therapy.
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Shan X, Zhang C, Wang Z, Wang K, Wang J, Qiu X, Jiang T, Yang P. Prognostic value of a nine-gene signature in glioma patients based on tumor-associated macrophages expression profiling. Clin Immunol 2020; 216:108430. [PMID: 32325251 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are regarded as the most abundantly infiltrating immune cells around the tumor microenvironment in gliomas, which plays an important role in tumorgenesis and immunosuppression. A total of 216 patients diagnosed with primary glioma were obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas of which the RNA sequencing data was used as training set. RNA sequencing from the Cancer Genome Atlas was applicated for validation. We found that mesenchymal subtype showed strong positive correlation with macrophage-related genes (MRGs) expression. Survival analysis showed that high expression level of MRG predicted poor prognosis. A TAM-based nine-gene signature was constructed, which divided the samples into high- and low-risk of unfavorable outcome. The result of Cox regression analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor in gliomas. Hence, the expression of TAMs was correlated with patient survival. The nine-TAM-related gene signature can predict patient survival efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Shan
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China; Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Chuanbao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Kuanyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Jiangfei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xiaoguang Qiu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China; Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorder, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, China; Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas Network (CGGA), China
| | - Pei Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, China; Department of Molecular Neuropathology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, China.
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Yu K, Rohr J, Liu Y, Li M, Xu J, Wang K, Chai J, Zhao D, Liu Y, Ma J, Fan L, Wang Z, Guo S. Progress in triple negative breast carcinoma pathophysiology: Potential therapeutic targets. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152874. [PMID: 32088086 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2020.152874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast carcinoma (TNBC) is a subtype of breast carcinoma defined by negativity for estrogen receptor (ER) or progesterone receptor (PR) by immunohistochemical analysis and negativity for human epidermal growth factor receptor (Her2) by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization. TNBC is clinically marked by its high aggressiveness, particularly poor outcomes including a low survival rate, and the lack of specific and effective treatments. Therefore, new potential targets for the treatment of TNBC must be identified. This review summarizes recent evidence supporting novel targets and possible therapeutic regimens in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangjie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China
| | - Joseph Rohr
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China
| | - Junpeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China
| | - Kaijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China
| | - Jia Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China
| | - Danhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China
| | - Yixiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China
| | - Jing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China
| | - Linni Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China.
| | - Shuangping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tumor Biology, Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province,710032, China.
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Sheppard AD, Lysaght J. Immunometabolism and Its Potential to Improve the Current Limitations of Immunotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2184:233-263. [PMID: 32808230 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0802-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The last century of research in tumor immunology has culminated in the advent of immunotherapy, most notably immune checkpoint inhibitors. These drugs have shown encouraging results across a multitude of malignancies and have shifted the paradigm of cancer treatment. However, no more than 40% of patients treated with these immune checkpoint blockade inhibitors respond. Thus, resistance is a barrier to therapy that remains poorly understood. All cells require energy and biosynthetic precursors for survival, growth, and functioning, where multiple metabolic pathways allow for flexibility in how nutrients are utilized. A defining hallmark of many cancers is altered cellular metabolism, creating an imbalanced demand for nutrients within the tumor microenvironment. Immunometabolism is increasingly understood to be vital to the functions and phenotypes of a myriad of immune cell subsets. In tumors, the high demand for nutrients by the tumor drives competition between tumor cells and infiltrating immune cells, culminating in dysfunctional immune responses. This chapter discusses the recent successes in cancer immunotherapy and highlights challenges to therapy. We also outline the major metabolic processes involved in the generation of an immune response, how this can become dysregulated in the context of the tumor microenvironment, and how this contributes to resistance to immunotherapy. Finally, we explore the potential for targeting immunometabolic pathways to improve immunotherapy, and examine current trials targeting various aspects of metabolism in an attempt to improve the outcomes from immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Sheppard
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Group, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Ghazi N, Saghravanian N, Habibollahi A, Shakeri M. Evaluation of Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Expression in Ameloblastoma, Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst and Odontogenic Keratocyst. JOURNAL OF OROFACIAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jofs.jofs_103_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Subbarayan RS, Arnold L, Gomez JP, Thomas SM. The role of the innate and adaptive immune response in HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2019; 4:508-512. [PMID: 31637294 PMCID: PMC6793605 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papilloma virus (HPV) has been implicated in the development of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and is directly attributed to its increasing incidence. The immune microenvironment surrounding HPV‐associated OPSCC tumors is complex and plays a critical role in the carcinogenic process. The neoplastic mechanism includes cells of the innate immunity such as macrophages, and dendritic cells as well as cells of the adaptive immune process such as CD8+ T‐cells. The intricate interactions between these two arms of the immune system allow for a pro‐inflammatory and pro‐tumorigenic environment. Intensive efforts are underway to gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms involved in the immune system's role in tumor development. This study seeks to summarize the current knowledge pertaining to role of the innate and adaptive immune response in HPV‐associated OPSCC. Level of Evidence 3a
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Levi Arnold
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas U.S.A.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas U.S.A
| | - Juan Pineda Gomez
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas U.S.A
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas U.S.A.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas U.S.A.,Department of Cancer Biology University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City Kansas U.S.A
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29
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Metzler-Zebeli BU, Siegerstetter SC, Magowan E, Lawlor PG, O Connell NE, Zebeli Q. Fecal Microbiota Transplant From Highly Feed Efficient Donors Affects Cecal Physiology and Microbiota in Low- and High-Feed Efficient Chickens. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1576. [PMID: 31354670 PMCID: PMC6629952 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) may be used to improve chicken’s feed efficiency (FE) via modulation of the intestinal microbiota and microbe-host signaling. This study investigated the effect of the administration of FMT from highly feed efficient donors early in life on the jejunal and cecal microbiota, visceral organ size, intestinal morphology, permeability, and expression of genes for nutrient transporters, barrier function and innate immune response in chickens of diverging residual feed intake (RFI; a metric for FE). Chicks (n = 110) were inoculated with the FMT or control transplant (CT) on 1, 6, and 9 days posthatch (dph), from which 56 chickens were selected on 30 dph as the extremes in RFI, resulting in 15 low and 13 high RFI chickens receiving the FMT and 14 low and 14 high RFI chickens receiving the CT. RFI rank and FMT only caused tendencies for alterations in the jejunal microbiota and only one unclassified Lachnospiraceae genus in cecal digesta was indicative of high RFI. By contrast, the FMT caused clear differences in the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile in the crop and cecal microbiota composition compared to the CT, which indicated alterations in amylolytic, pullulanolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Dorea, and Ruminococcus. Moreover, the FMT caused alterations in intestinal development as indicated by the longer duodenum and shallower crypts in the ceca. From the observed RFI-associated variation, energy-saving mechanisms and moderation of the mucosal immune response were indicated by higher jejunal permeability, shorter villi in the ileum, and enhanced cecal expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL10 in low RFI chickens. Relationships obtained from supervised multigroup data integration support that certain bacteria, including Ruminococcocaceae-, Lactobacillus-, and unclassified Clostridiales-phylotypes, and SCFA in jejunal and cecal digesta modulated expression levels of cytokines, tight-junction protein OCLN and nutrient transporters for glucose and SCFA uptake. In conclusion, results suggest that the intestine only played a moderate role for the RFI-associated variation of the present low and high RFI phenotypes, whereas modulating the early microbial colonization resulted in long-lasting changes in bacterial taxonomic and metabolite composition as well as in host intestinal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara U Metzler-Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sina-Catherine Siegerstetter
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peadar G Lawlor
- Teagasc, Pig Development Department, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Ireland
| | - Niamh E O Connell
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Perspectives for Clinical Translation of Adipose Stromal/Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:5858247. [PMID: 31191677 PMCID: PMC6525805 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5858247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose stromal/stem cells (ASCs) are an ideal cell type for regenerative medicine applications, as they can easily be harvested from adipose tissue in large quantities. ASCs have excellent proliferation, differentiation, and immunoregulatory capacities that have been demonstrated in numerous studies. Great interest and investment have been placed in efforts to exploit the allogeneic use and immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of ASCs. However, bridging the gap between in vitro and in vivo studies and moving into clinical practice remain a challenge. For the clinical translation of ASCs, several issues must be considered, including how to characterise such a heterogenic cell population and how to ensure their safety and efficacy. This review explores the different phases of in vitro and preclinical ASC characterisation and describes the development of appropriate potency assays. In addition, good manufacturing practice requirements are discussed, and cell-based medicinal products holding marketing authorisation in the European Union are reviewed. Moreover, the current status of clinical trials applying ASCs and the patent landscape in the field of ASC research are presented. Overall, this review highlights the applicability of ASCs for clinical cell therapies and discusses their potential.
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Alvarez-Carbonell D, Ye F, Ramanath N, Dobrowolski C, Karn J. The Glucocorticoid Receptor Is a Critical Regulator of HIV Latency in Human Microglial Cells. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2019; 14:94-109. [PMID: 29987742 PMCID: PMC6394485 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9798-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We have developed models of HIV latency using microglia derived from adult human patient brain cortex and transformed with the SV40 T large and hTERT antigens. Latent clones infected by HIV reporter viruses display high levels of spontaneous HIV reactivation in culture. BrainPhys, a medium highly representative of the CNS extracellular environment, containing low glucose and 1% FBS, reduced, but did not prevent, HIV reactivation. We hypothesized that spontaneous HIV reactivation in culture was due to the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, such as TNF-α, taking place in the absence of the natural inhibitory signals from astrocytes and neurons. Indeed, expression and secretion of TNF-α is strongly reduced in HIV-latently infected microglia compared to the subset of cells that have undergone spontaneous HIV reactivation. Whereas inhibitors of NF-κB or of macrophage activation only had a short-term silencing effect, addition of dexamethasone (DEXA), a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist and mediator of anti-inflammation, silenced the HIV provirus in a long-term, and shRNA-mediated knock-down of GR activated HIV. DEXA also decreased secretion of a number of cytokines, including TNF-α. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that DEXA strongly increased GR occupancy at the HIV promoter, and reduced histone 3 acetylated levels. Moreover, TNF-α expression inhibitors in combination with DEXA induced further HIV silencing and increased the histone 3 lysine 27 tri-methylated epigenetic mark of repression at the HIV promoter region. We conclude that GR is a critical repressor of HIV transcription in microglia, and a novel potential pharmacological target to restrict HIV expression in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alvarez-Carbonell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Fengchun Ye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Nirmala Ramanath
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Curtis Dobrowolski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
| | - Jonathan Karn
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA
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Wu CY, Li L, Zhang LH. Detection of serum MCP-1 and TGF-β1 in polymyositis/dermatomyositis patients and its significance. Eur J Med Res 2019; 24:12. [PMID: 30764873 PMCID: PMC6376678 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-019-0368-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to detect serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MPC-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) patients complicated with interstitial lung disease (ILD), to reveal the significance of the changes in these levels in the pathogenesis of PM/DM complicated with ILD. METHODS Serum MCP-1 and TGF-β1 levels in PM/DM patients complicated with ILD, patients with pulmonary infections and normal controls (n = 30, each) were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the correlation between PM/DM complicated with ILD and serum MCP-1 and TGF-β1 levels was analyzed. RESULTS Serum MCP-1 and TGF-β1 levels were both higher in PM/DM patients complicated with ILD compared with patients with pulmonary infections and normal controls. CONCLUSION Serum MCP-1 and TGF-β1 levels increased in PM/DM patients, and were closely correlated to the complication of ILD. This finding can be used for distinguishing between pulmonary infections and ILD, providing a new diagnostic method for the early prediction of DM/PM complicated with ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ye Wu
- Department of Immunology, No. 983 of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Support Force, No. 60 of Huangwei Street, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300142, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Immunology, No. 983 of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Support Force, No. 60 of Huangwei Street, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300142, China.
| | - Li-Hua Zhang
- Department of Immunology, No. 983 of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Joint Support Force, No. 60 of Huangwei Street, Hebei District, Tianjin, 300142, China
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33
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Azzawi S, Penzi LR, Senna MM. Immune Privilege Collapse and Alopecia Development: Is Stress a Factor. Skin Appendage Disord 2018; 4:236-244. [PMID: 30410890 PMCID: PMC6219219 DOI: 10.1159/000485080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hair is a defining mammalian feature that serves as a hallmark of human communication. Given the critical significance of hair in social, religious, and political contexts, it is important to understand factors that play a role in hair loss disorders. The hair follicle is an immune privileged site, and mounting evidence suggests that the collapse of immune privilege contributes to the pathogenesis of autoimmune hair loss disorders, including alopecia areata and lichen planopilaris. This review comprehensively appraises the current literature to shed light on mechanisms for immune privilege collapse, and examines the role of neurogenic stress in triggering this process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren R. Penzi
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maryanne M. Senna
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Duan J, Liu X, Chen H, Sun Y, Liu Y, Bai H, Wang J. Impact of PD-L1, transforming growth factor-β expression and tumor-infiltrating CD8 + T cells on clinical outcome of patients with advanced thymic epithelial tumors. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:1341-1353. [PMID: 30168897 PMCID: PMC6209778 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are indolent and poorly responsive to chemotherapy. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors have shown remarkable clinical benefit in several cancers; however, many immunomodulatory molecules have been identified that affect the immune response. This study examined the progonostic roles of PD-L1, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+ TILs) in patients with TETs. METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 20 patients with stage IV thymic carcinoma and 13 with stage III/IV invasive thymoma. Tissue biopsies were obtained before first-line chemotherapy was administered. Protein levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Objective response rate, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with advanced thymic carcinoma exhibited higher levels of PD-L1 and TGF-β than patients with advanced invasive thymic carcinoma (PD-L1: 65.0% vs. 46.2%, P = 0.472; TGF-β: 65.0% vs. 15.4%, P = 0.011). Five advanced thymic carcinoma patients with low levels of PD-L1 and TGF-β exhibited high levels of CD8 staining. The median OS was 29.5 months patients with high TGF-β expression versus 62.9 in patients with low TGF-β (P = 0.052). In patients with advanced thymic carcinoma, the median PFS in the high PD-L1 expression group was 13.3 months versus 23.5 (P = 0.043) in the low PD-L1, and the median OS was 50.7 months in the high CD8 expression versus 15.1 in the CD8 low group (P = 0.154). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed the prognostic roles of PD-L1, TGF-β, and CD8+ TILs in patients with advanced TETs, and the potential for development of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchun Duan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xidong Liu
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Dong Ying People's Hospital, Dongying, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Thoracic Cancer, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Pathology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Hsu WT, Ho SY, Jian TY, Huang HN, Lin YL, Chen CH, Lin TH, Wu MS, Wu CJ, Chan YL, Liao KW. Helicobacter pylori-derived heat shock protein 60 increases the induction of regulatory T-cells associated with persistent infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 119:152-161. [PMID: 29660522 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Local Treg responses are involved in Helicobacter pylori-related inflammation and clinical outcomes after infection, and H. pylori-derived HSP60 (HpHSP60) is an important virulence factor associated with gastric carcinogenesis. This study to investigate the role of HpHSP60 in immunosuppression, particularly with regard to whether it could induce the production of Treg cells. For this purpose, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were treated with or without HpHSP60 in the presence of an anti-CD3 mAb to determine the effect of HpHSP60 on cell proliferation. In this report, HpHSP60 decreased the expression of CDK4 to significantly arrest the proliferation of mitogen-stimulated T-cells, which correlated with the induction of Treg cells. Moreover, monocytic cells were essential for the induction of HpHSP60-induced Treg cells via the secretion of IL-10 and TGF-β after treatment with HpHSP60. Blockage of HpHSP60 with specific monoclonal antibodies significantly reduced the colonization of H. pylori and the expression of Treg cells in vivo. Overall, our results suggest that HpHSP60 could act on macrophages to trigger the expression of IL-10 and TGF-β, thereby leading to an increase in Treg cells and inhibition of T-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tung Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shu-Yi Ho
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ting-Yan Jian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Ning Huang
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ling Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC; Center for Bioinformatics Research, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Hung Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsung-Han Lin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Wen Liao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC; College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Gu Y, Srimathveeravalli G, Cai L, Ueshima E, Maybody M, Yarmohammadi H, Zhu YS, Durack JC, Solomon SB, Coleman JA, Erinjeri JP. Pirfenidone inhibits cryoablation induced local macrophage infiltration along with its associated TGFb1 expression and serum cytokine level in a mouse model. Cryobiology 2018; 82:106-111. [PMID: 29621494 PMCID: PMC7464590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of pirfenidone (PFD) on post-cryoablation inflammation in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this IACUC-approved study, eighty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups (20/group): sham + vehicle, sham + PFD, cryoablation + vehicle, and cryoablation + PFD. For cryoablation groups, a 20% freeze rate cryoablation (20 s to less than -100 °C) was used to ablate normal muscle in the right flank. For sham groups, the cryoprobe was advanced into the flank and maintained for 20 s without ablation. PFD or vehicle solution was intraperitoneally injected (5 mg/kg) at days 0, 1, 2, 3, and then every other day until day 13 after cryoablation. Mice were euthanized at days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Blood samples were used for serum IL-6, IL-10, and TGFβ1 analysis using electrochemiluminescence and ELISA assays, respectively. Immunohistochemistry-stained ablated tissues were used to analyze macrophage infiltration and local TGFβ1 expression in the border region surrounding the cryoablation-induced coagulation zone. RESULTS Cryoablation induced macrophage infiltration and increased TGFβ1 expression in the border of the necrotic zone, and high levels of serum IL-6, peaking at days 7 (70.5 ± 8.46/HPF), 14 (228 ± 18.36/HPF), and 7 (298.67 ± 92.63), respectively. Animals receiving PFD showed reduced macrophage infiltration (35.5 ± 16.93/HPF at day 7, p < 0.01) and cytokine levels (60.2 ± 7.6/HPF at day 14, p < 0.01). PFD also significantly reduced serum IL-6 levels (p < 0.001 vs. all non-PFD groups). CONCLUSIONS PFD mitigates cryoablation induced muscle tissue macrophage infiltration, increased IL-6 levels, and local TGFβ1 expression in a small animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangkui Gu
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H-118, New York, NY 10065, USA; Microinvasive Interventional Department, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, PR China
| | | | - Liqun Cai
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H-118, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Eisuke Ueshima
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H-118, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Majid Maybody
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H-118, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hooman Yarmohammadi
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H-118, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jeremy C Durack
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H-118, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen B Solomon
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H-118, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jonathan A Coleman
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H-118, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Joseph P Erinjeri
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H-118, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Transforming Growth Factor β is a Poor Prognostic Factor and Inhibits the Favorable Prognostic Value of CD8+ CTL in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Immunother 2018; 40:175-186. [PMID: 28394813 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It is widely understood that transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) has dual functions in tumors-tumor promoter or tumor suppressor. As a tumor promoter, TGF-β drives tumor initiation and progression partially by suppressing the antitumor responses of CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we investigated the prognostic value of measuring TGF-β and CD8 CTLs levels and their relationship in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immunohistochemical staining was conducted to analyze the prognostic value of TGF-β expression and/or CD8 CTLs levels in 407 HCC patients. The relationship between TGF-β and CD8 T-cell was also evaluated using HCC cell lines and patients' peripheral blood. Lower TGF-β expression or a higher CD8 CTL density was associated with better overall survival and recurrence-free survival, and the patients with low TGF-β expression and more CD8 CTLs had the best prognosis. Although there was no correlation between TGF-β expression and the density of CD8 CTLs, the survival of patients with more CD8 CTL cells was only significantly improved when the tumor expressed low levels of TGF-β. Furthermore, the TGF-β levels was not associated with the proportion of CD8 T cells, but negatively related to interferon γ secretion by CD8 T cells in peripheral blood of HCC patients. Higher TGF-β also resulted in decreased interferon γ secreted by CD8 T cells in vitro. In conclusion, our study suggests that TGF-β is a poor prognostic factor for patients and negatively affect the prognostic value of CD8 CTLs through suppressing antitumor activity of CD8 T-cell in HCC.
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Ugor E, Prenek L, Pap R, Berta G, Ernszt D, Najbauer J, Németh P, Boldizsár F, Berki T. Glucocorticoid hormone treatment enhances the cytokine production of regulatory T cells by upregulation of Foxp3 expression. Immunobiology 2017; 223:422-431. [PMID: 29223294 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the fact that glucocorticoids (GC) are important therapeutic tools, their effects on regulatory T cells (Treg) are not well defined. The aim of our work was to investigate how GCs influence in vivo the thymic (tTreg) and peripheral Treg (pTreg) differentiation, survival and cytokine production. METHODS Tregs were detected with flow cytometry in lymphatic organs of 4-6 weeks old BALB/c mice after repeated (2-4days), high-dose in vivo GC treatment using CD4/CD25 cell surface and Foxp3/IL-10/TGFβ/glucocorticoid receptor (GR) intracellular staining. Cytokine, Foxp3, and GR mRNA levels of sorted CD4+CD25high T cells were analyzed using RT-PCR. Foxp3 and GR localization in Treg cells was investigated with confocal microscopy. RESULTS GC treatment of mice resulted in increased relative tTreg frequency in the thymus, which was due to decreased total thymocyte numbers with unchanged absolute tTreg cell count. In contrast the relative pTreg cell ratio in secondary lymphatic organs decreased or showed no changes after GC treatment, while the absolute number of pTregs decreased. Elevated intracellular IL-10+ and TGFβ+ tTreg and pTreg ratios were measured in GC-treated animals, accompanied with elevated Foxp3 mRNA expression. In addition, GC treatment caused increased TGFβ and IL-35 mRNA expression in CD4+CD25high+ splenic and elevated IL-10 mRNA level in thymic tTregs. GR expression of thymic tTreg cells was lower than in pTregs. GC treatment caused an opposite change in GR levels, elevating GR in tTregs but decreasing it in pTregs. We observed a nuclear localization of GR in both tTregs and pTregs, which showed high colocalization (∼60%) with Foxp3 transcription factor. These data suggest an interaction of these two transcription factors with further increase due to GC treatment in splenic pTregs. CONCLUSION Our data show selective survival of tTregs and elevated production of immunosuppressive cytokines by Treg cells after GC treatment, which may contribute to the immunosuppressive effects of GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Ugor
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Lilla Prenek
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Ramóna Pap
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Gergely Berta
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Dávid Ernszt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - József Najbauer
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Péter Németh
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Boldizsár
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Tímea Berki
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Clinical Center, University of Pécs, Pécs H-7624, Hungary.
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Tian L, Hui CW, Bisht K, Tan Y, Sharma K, Chen S, Zhang X, Tremblay ME. Microglia under psychosocial stressors along the aging trajectory: Consequences on neuronal circuits, behavior, and brain diseases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 79:27-39. [PMID: 28095309 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates the importance of microglia for proper brain development and function, as well as in complex stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders and cognitive decline along the aging trajectory. Considering that microglia are resident immune cells of the brain, a homeostatic maintenance of their effector functions that impact neuronal circuitry, such as phagocytosis and secretion of inflammatory factors, is critical to prevent the onset and progression of these pathological conditions. However, the molecular mechanisms by which microglial functions can be properly regulated under healthy and pathological conditions are still largely unknown. We aim to summarize recent progress regarding the effects of psychosocial stress and oxidative stress on microglial phenotypes, leading to neuroinflammation and impaired microglia-synapse interactions, notably through our own studies of inbred mouse strains, and most importantly, to discuss about promising therapeutic strategies that take advantage of microglial functions to tackle such brain disorders in the context of adult psychosocial stress or aging-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 4, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland; Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chin Wai Hui
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Kanchan Bisht
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaushik Sharma
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Song Chen
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders and Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marie-Eve Tremblay
- Axe Neurosciences, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Qiu M, Chen Y, Chen L, Zeng J, Liu J. Transforming growth factor β1 and Fas ligand synergistically enhance immune tolerance in dendritic cells in liver transplantation. J Surg Res 2017; 218:180-193. [PMID: 28985848 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minglian Qiu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Yujuan Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jinhua Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Hardenberg JHB, Braun A, Schön MP. A Yin and Yang in Epithelial Immunology: The Roles of the α E(CD103)β 7 Integrin in T Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:23-31. [PMID: 28941625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The proper function(s) of cell-surface receptors is crucial for the regulation of adaptive immune responses. One such receptor is the αE(CD103)β7 integrin, whose history in science is closely linked with the evolution of our knowledge of immune regulation. Initially described as a marker of intraepithelial T-lymphocytes, this leukocyte integrin is now seen as a dynamically regulated receptor involved in the functional differentiation of some cytotoxic T cells as well as regulatory T cells, thus presumably contributing to the fine-tuning of immune reactions in epithelial compartments. In this brief overview, we delineate our current view on αE(CD103)β7 in T-cell-mediated immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Hendrik B Hardenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Braun
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen and University of Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Michael P Schön
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Medical Center Georg August University, Göttingen, Germany; Lower Saxony Institute of Occupational Dermatology, University Medical Center Göttingen and University of Osnabrück, Germany.
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The Role of Interleukin-17, Interleukin-23, and Transforming Growth Factor- β in Pregnancy Complicated by Placental Insufficiency. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6904325. [PMID: 28698875 PMCID: PMC5494064 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6904325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of Interleukin-17 (IL-17), Interleukin-23 (IL-23), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in pregnancy complicated by placental insufficiency and in normal pregnancy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study comprised 34 patients with pregnancy complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) associated with preeclampsia (PE), as well as 35 healthy pregnant women. The concentrations of IL-17, IL-23, and TGF-β in sera from maternal peripheral blood were determined by an immunoenzymatic assay. RESULTS There were higher concentrations of IL-17 in the study group when compared to the controls. In the group of patients with placental insufficiency, the levels of IL-17 positively correlated with systolic blood pressure (R = 0.42, p < 0.01). The study obtained comparable concentrations of IL-23 in both studied groups. The concentrations of TGF-β were significantly lower in pregnancy complicated by the insufficiency of placenta when compared to the controls. CONCLUSIONS It seems possible that the increased concentrations of IL-17 and the deficiency of TGF-β in pregnancy complicated by FGR and PE can be responsible for the activation of inflammatory response observed in PE cases.
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Beck BR, Song JH, Park BS, Kim D, Kwak JH, Do HK, Kim AR, Kim WJ, Song SK. Distinct immune tones are established by Lactococcus lactis BFE920 and Lactobacillus plantarum FGL0001 in the gut of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 55:434-443. [PMID: 27320869 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The immune tone is defined as an immunological state during which the readiness for immune response is potentiated. The establishment of immune tone in the gut of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) was investigated by feeding Lactococcus lactis BFE920 (LL) or Lactobacillus plantarum FGL0001 (LP). LL-fed flounder showed significantly increased levels of regulatory genes (FOXP3, IL-10, and TGF-β1), CD18, and CD83 in the gut. In contrast, LP feeding drastically increased proinflammatory genes (T-bet, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) and CD18. This indicates that LL and LP establish different types of local immune tones in the gut through differential activation of innate immune cells: LL activates both macrophages and dendritic cells while LP activates macrophages only. Both of the immune tones required at least a total of 6 probiotic feeds during 72 h for a stable establishment. Once established, the type of immune tone remained steady even up to 30 days (a total of 60 feeds) probiotics feeding. The LL-induced regulatory immune tone enhanced the level of occludin, a tight junction molecule, significantly more than that observed with the proinflammatory immune tone established by LP feeding. Consequently, LL-fed fish showed considerably lower gut permeability than that of the LP-fed group. Furthermore, when orally challenged by Edwardsiella tarda, LL-fed flounder survived at a significantly higher rate than LP-fed fish. The data clearly demonstrate that individual probiotics establish distinct types of immune tone in the fish gut, which in turn influences the immunological status as well as the physiology of the gut. Selection of proper probiotics may be essential for optimal effects in aquaculture farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ram Beck
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang 791-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyun Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang 791-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Park
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang 791-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang 791-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Kwak
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang 791-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Ki Do
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang 791-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ram Kim
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang 791-708, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Song
- School of Life Science, Handong University, Pohang 791-708, Republic of Korea.
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Tjomsland V, Sandnes D, Pomianowska E, Cizmovic ST, Aasrum M, Brusevold IJ, Christoffersen T, Gladhaug IP. The TGFβ-SMAD3 pathway inhibits IL-1α induced interactions between human pancreatic stellate cells and pancreatic carcinoma cells and restricts cancer cell migration. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2016; 35:122. [PMID: 27473228 PMCID: PMC4966589 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most abundant cells in the extensive desmoplastic stroma of pancreatic adenocarcinomas are the pancreatic stellate cells, which interact with the carcinoma cells and strongly influence the progression of the cancer. Tumor stroma interactions induced by IL-1α/IL-1R1 signaling have been shown to be involved in pancreatic cancer cell migration. TGFβ and its receptors are overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. We aimed at exploring TGFβ and IL-1α signaling and cross-talk in the stellate cell cancer cell interactions regulating pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell migration. METHODS Human pancreatic stellate cells were isolated from surgically resected pancreatic adenocarcinomas and cultured in the presence of TGFβ or pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines. The effects of TGFβ were blocked by inhibitors or amplified by silencing the endogenous inhibitor of SMAD signaling, SMAD7. Pancreatic stellate cell responses to IL-1α or to IL-1α-expressing pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells (BxPC-3) were characterized by their ability to stimulate migration of cancer cells in a 2D migration model. RESULTS In pancreatic stellate cells, IL-1R1 expression was found to be down-regulated by TGFβ and blocking of TGFβ signaling re-established the expression. Endogenous inhibition of TGFβ signaling by SMAD7 was found to correlate with the levels of IL-1R1, indicating a regulatory role of SMAD7 in IL-1R1 expression. Pancreatic stellate cells cultured in the presence of IL-1α or in co-cultures with BxPC-3 cells enhanced the migration of cancer cells. This effect was blocked after treatment of the pancreatic stellate cells with TGFβ. Silencing of stellate cell expression of SMAD7 was found to suppress the levels of IL-1R1 and reduce the stimulatory effects of IL-1α, thus inhibiting the capacity of pancreatic stellate cells to induce cancer cell migration. CONCLUSIONS TGFβ signaling suppressed IL-1α mediated pancreatic stellate cell induced carcinoma cell migration. Depletion of SMAD7 upregulated the effects of TGFβ and reduced the expression of IL-1R1, leading to inhibition of IL-1α induced stellate cell enhancement of carcinoma cell migration. SMAD7 might represent a target for inhibition of IL-1α induced tumor stroma interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vegard Tjomsland
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Dagny Sandnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ewa Pomianowska
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Monica Aasrum
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingvild Johnsen Brusevold
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Behavioral Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thoralf Christoffersen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar P Gladhaug
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Hepato-pancreato-biliary Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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Cre recombinase expression or topical tamoxifen treatment do not affect retinal structure and function, neuronal vulnerability or glial reactivity in the mouse eye. Neuroscience 2016; 325:188-201. [PMID: 27026593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mice with a constitutive or tamoxifen-induced Cre recombinase (Cre) expression are frequently used research tools to allow the conditional deletion of target genes via the Cre-loxP system. Here we analyzed for the first time in a comprehensive and comparative way, whether retinal Cre expression or topical tamoxifen treatment itself would cause structural or functional changes, including changes in the expression profiles of molecular markers, glial reactivity and photoreceptor vulnerability. To this end, we characterized the transgenic α-Cre, Lmop-Cre and the tamoxifen-inducible CAGG-CreER™ mouse lines, all having robust Cre expression in the neuronal retina. In addition, we characterized the effects of topical tamoxifen treatment itself in wildtype mice. We performed morphometric analyses, immunohistochemical staining, in vivo ERG and angiography analyses and realtime RT-PCR analyses. Furthermore, the influence of Cre recombinase or topical tamoxifen exposure on neuronal vulnerability was studied by using light damage as a model for photoreceptor degeneration. Taken together, neither the expression of Cre, nor topical tamoxifen treatment caused detectable changes in retinal structure and function, the expression profiles of investigated molecular markers, glial reactivity and photoreceptor vulnerability. We conclude that the Cre-loxP system and its induction through tamoxifen is a safe and reliable method to delete desired target genes in the neural retina.
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Wang X, Terhorst C, Herzog RW. In vivo induction of regulatory T cells for immune tolerance in hemophilia. Cell Immunol 2016; 301:18-29. [PMID: 26454643 PMCID: PMC4761281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Current therapy for the X-linked coagulation disorder hemophilia is based on intravenous infusion of the specifically deficient coagulation factor. However, 20-30% of hemophilia A patients (factor VIII, FVIII, deficiency) generate inhibitory antibodies against FVIII. While formation of inhibitors directed against factor IX, FIX, resulting from hemophilia B treatment is comparatively rare, a serious complication that is often associated with additional immunotoxicities, e.g. anaphylaxis, occurs. Current immune tolerance protocols to eradiate inhibitors are lengthy, expensive, not effective in all patients, and there are no prophylactic tolerance regimens to prevent inhibitor formation. The outcomes of recent experiments in animal models of hemophilia demonstrate that regulatory CD4(+) T cells (Treg) are of paramount importance in controlling B cell responses to FVIII and FIX. This article reviews several novel strategies designed to in vivo induce coagulation factor-specific Treg cells and discusses the subsets of Treg that may promote immune tolerance in hemophilia. Among others, drug- and gene transfer-based protocols, lymphocyte transplant, and oral tolerance are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Wang
- Dept. Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Cox Terhorst
- Div. Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Roland W Herzog
- Dept. Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Xu Y, Liu J, Hua L, Xiao Y, Tian Y, Guo S, Zhang X, He C, Wang L, Yu Y. An immune regulatory CCT repeat containing oligodeoxynucleotide capable of causing hair loss in male mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1161-1172. [PMID: 26764315 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115626579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An oligodeoxynucleotide with CCT repeats (CCT ODN) has been found in our previous study to selectively downregulate Toll-like receptor 7/9 (TLR7/9)-mediated immune responses both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we unexpectedly found that CCT ODN induced severe patchy hair loss around the mouth in male F1 mice (female Balb/c × male C57BL/6) with lupus-like nephritis induced by injecting allogenic lymphocytes and also in male Balb/c mice, but not in female F1 mice and Balb/c mice and either gender of C57BL/6 mice. Increased infiltration of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D+) cells in hair loss skin and upregulated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) messenger RNA expression in cultured splenocytes were observed in male Balb/c mice. The CCT ODN-conditioned supernatants of cultured mouse splenocytes caused catagen-like changes to hair follicles (HFs). We hypothesized that the CCT ODN could induce patchy hair loss in the male mice with certain genetic traits by mobilizing NKG2D+ cells to HFs and by inducing the production of IFN-γ from immune cells. Taken together these data indicated that a gender and genetic preference of immune-regulatory oligonucleotides is causing unexpected clinical situations such as hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - J Liu
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Hua
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Xiao
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Tian
- 3 Department of Dermatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - S Guo
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - X Zhang
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - C He
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - L Wang
- 1 Department of Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Health Science Center, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Y Yu
- 2 Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Norman Bethune Unit of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Bedinger D, Lao L, Khan S, Lee S, Takeuchi T, Mirza AM. Development and characterization of human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize multiple TGFβ isoforms. MAbs 2015; 8:389-404. [PMID: 26563652 PMCID: PMC4966579 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1115166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)β levels are elevated in, and drive the progression of, numerous disease states such as advanced metastatic cancer and systemic and ocular fibrosis. There are 3 main isoforms, TGFβ1, 2, and 3. As multiple TGFβ isoforms are involved in disease processes, maximal therapeutic efficacy may require neutralization of 2 or more of the TGFβ isoforms. Fully human antibody phage display libraries were used to discover a number of antibodies that bind and neutralize various combinations of TGFβ1, 2 or 3. The primary panning did not yield any uniformly potent pan-isoform neutralizing antibodies; therefore, an antibody that displayed potent TGFβ 1, 2 inhibition, but more modest affinity versus TGFβ3, was affinity matured by shuffling with a light chain sub-library and further screening. This process yielded a high affinity pan-isoform neutralizing clone. Antibodies were analyzed and compared by binding affinity, as well as receptor and epitope competition by surface plasmon resonance methods. The antibodies were also shown to neutralize TGFβ effects in vitro in 3 assays: 1) interleukin (IL)-4 induced HT-2 cell proliferation; 2) TGFβ-mediated IL-11 release by A549 cells; and 3) decreasing SMAD2 phosphorylation in Detroit 562 cells. The antibodies’ potency in these in vitro assays correlated well with their isoform-specific affinities. Furthermore, the ability of the affinity-matured clone to decrease tumor burden in a Detroit 562 xenograft study was superior to that of the parent clone. This affinity-matured antibody acts as a very potent inhibitor of all 3 main isoforms of TGFβ and may have utility for therapeutic intervention in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steve Lee
- a XOMA Corp. , Berkeley , 94710 , CA , USA
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49
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Youlin K, Jian K, Siming L, Li Z, Weiyang H, Chaodong L, Xin G. Potent anti-prostate cancer immune response induced by dendritic cells transduced with recombinant adenoviruses encoding 4-1BBL combined with cytokine-induced killer cells. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:13-20. [PMID: 25572476 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To test the effect of dendritic cells (DCs) transduced with recombinant adenoviruses encoding 4-1BBL combined with cytokine-induced killer cells (CIKs) against prostate cancer. METHOD Flow cytometry was used to detect the surface markers of the co-cultured cells, and cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells in vitro as well as antitumor activities in vivo were observed. RESULTS Our results showed that Ad-4-1BBL-transduced DCs could increase percentage of CD3(+)CD56(+) cells in CIKs, and CIKs co-cultured with Ad-4-1BBL-transduced DCs could augment the secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ and decrease TGF-β production. In addition, Ad-4-1BBL-transduced DCs enhanced the cytotoxicity of CIKs against prostate cancer and resulted in inhibition of tumor growth and tumor-bearing animals' survival. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that 4-1BBL-engineered DCs can improve CIKs cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang Youlin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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50
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Bakkebø MK, Mouillet-Richard S, Espenes A, Goldmann W, Tatzelt J, Tranulis MA. The Cellular Prion Protein: A Player in Immunological Quiescence. Front Immunol 2015; 6:450. [PMID: 26388873 PMCID: PMC4557099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive studies since the 1990s, the physiological role of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) remains elusive. Here, we present a novel concept suggesting that PrP(C) contributes to immunological quiescence in addition to cell protection. PrP(C) is highly expressed in diverse organs that by multiple means are particularly protected from inflammation, such as the brain, eye, placenta, pregnant uterus, and testes, while at the same time it is expressed in most cells of the lymphoreticular system. In this paradigm, PrP(C) serves two principal roles: to modulate the inflammatory potential of immune cells and to protect vulnerable parenchymal cells against noxious insults generated through inflammation. Here, we review studies of PrP(C) physiology in view of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren K. Bakkebø
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Arild Espenes
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wilfred Goldmann
- The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jörg Tatzelt
- Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael A. Tranulis
- Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway,*Correspondence: Michael A. Tranulis, Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Adamstuen, Oslo 0033, Norway,
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