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Jeon D, Hill E, McNeel DG. Toll-like receptor agonists as cancer vaccine adjuvants. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2297453. [PMID: 38155525 PMCID: PMC10760790 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2297453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy to treat cancer patients. Among the wide range of immunological approaches, cancer vaccines have been investigated to activate and expand tumor-reactive T cells. However, most cancer vaccines have not shown significant clinical benefit as monotherapies. This is likely due to the antigen targets of vaccines, "self" proteins to which there is tolerance, as well as to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. To help circumvent immune tolerance and generate effective immune responses, adjuvants for cancer vaccines are necessary. One representative adjuvant family is Toll-Like receptor (TLR) agonists, synthetic molecules that stimulate TLRs. TLRs are the largest family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that serve as the sensors of pathogens or cellular damage. They recognize conserved foreign molecules from pathogens or internal molecules from cellular damage and propel innate immune responses. When used with vaccines, activation of TLRs signals an innate damage response that can facilitate the development of a strong adaptive immune response against the target antigen. The ability of TLR agonists to modulate innate immune responses has positioned them to serve as adjuvants for vaccines targeting infectious diseases and cancers. This review provides a summary of various TLRs, including their expression patterns, their functions in the immune system, as well as their ligands and synthetic molecules developed as TLR agonists. In addition, it presents a comprehensive overview of recent strategies employing different TLR agonists as adjuvants in cancer vaccine development, both in pre-clinical models and ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghwan Jeon
- Department of Oncology, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ethan Hill
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Douglas G. McNeel
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI, USA
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2
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Tubin S, Ashdown ML, Mansoor MA, Guha C, Salerno G, Celedin B, Trummer B, Demschar S, Raunik W. Novel time-synchronized immune-guided partial tumor irradiation: Proof of principle trial. Radiother Oncol 2024:110442. [PMID: 39069088 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Radiotherapy for bulky tumors often results in palliation with suboptimal outcomes. The prognosis is worsened by immunosuppression caused by radio-chemotherapy, negatively impacting on survival. Novel Partial Tumor Irradiation (PTI) was designed to spare the Peritumoral Immune Microenvironment (PIM) and to be delivered synchronously with immune activity peaks, thus enhancing both local and distant tumor control through immunostimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Present proof-of-principle trial enrolled 26 patients with bulky tumors, comparing outcomes between treatments administered at immune activity peaks versus troughs. The primary endpoint was local-bystander and distal-abscopal response-rate. Secondary endpoints included overall-, progression-free-, cancer-specific survival, neoadjuvant and immunomodulatory potential. RESULTS All measured outcomes were significantly influenced by treatment-timing. The bystander and abscopal response rates were 77% and 41%, respectively. PTI significantly upregulated pro-inflammatory and cell-death-inducing pathways improving the efficacy of radiotherapy by highly complex tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the profound impact PTI can have on a highly palliative patient cohort previously deemed beyond therapeutic hope. With 41 % of these patients still alive after a median follow-up of 50 months, PTI offers a potential lifeline for those facing advanced, treatment-resistant cancers. This approach generated also distant immunogenic anti-tumor responses, offering a promising new avenue for the treatment of advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tubin
- Medaustron Center for Ion Therapy, Marie-Curie Strasse 5, Wiener Neustadt 2700, Austria; KABEG Klinikum Klagenfurt, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Feschnigstraße 11 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria; Heidelberg University Hospital, Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - M L Ashdown
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 3010, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M A Mansoor
- Division of Radiation Biology and Molecular Therapeutics at the Department of Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 E. 210th Street Klau 3 Bronx, NY 10467, New York, United States
| | - C Guha
- Montefiore Medical Center Radiation Oncology, 111 E 210th St, New York, NY, United States
| | - G Salerno
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs / Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Universita' La Sapienza Roma, Ospedale Sant' Andrea, Via di Grottarossa, 1035 00189, Rome, RM, Italy.
| | - B Celedin
- KABEG Klinikum Klagenfurt, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Feschnigstraße 11 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - B Trummer
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Therapy, Oncology and Palliative Care, Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Feschnigstr. 11 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - S Demschar
- Center for Interdisciplinary Pain Therapy, Oncology and Palliative Care, Klinikum Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Feschnigstr. 11 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - W Raunik
- KABEG Klinikum Klagenfurt, Institute of Radiation Oncology, Feschnigstraße 11 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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Sharma A, Jasrotia S, Kumar A. Effects of Chemotherapy on the Immune System: Implications for Cancer Treatment and Patient Outcomes. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2551-2566. [PMID: 37906273 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02781-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, but it can also induce immune suppression, which can have significant implications for patient outcomes. This review paper aims to give a general overview of how chemotherapy affects the immune system and how it affects cancer treatment. Chemotherapy can directly affect immune cells, leading to cytotoxic effects, cell differentiation and function alterations, and cell communication and signaling pathways disruptions. Such immune suppression can weaken the anti-tumor immune response and increase the risk of immune-related toxicities. Understanding the mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced immune suppression is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. Strategies to mitigate immune suppression include immunomodulatory agents as adjuvants to chemotherapy, combination therapies to enhance immune function, and supportive care measures of the immune system. Additionally, identifying potential biomarkers to predict immune suppression and guide treatment decisions holds promise for personalized cancer medicine. Future directions in this field involve further elucidating underlying mechanisms, exploring novel combination therapies, and developing targeted interventions to minimize immune suppression. By understanding and addressing chemotherapy-induced immune suppression, we can optimize cancer treatment strategies, enhance the anti-tumor immune response, and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Sharma
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Shivam Jasrotia
- Department of Biosciences (UIBT), Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar
- University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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4
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Bol KF, Schreibelt G, Bloemendal M, van Willigen WW, Hins-de Bree S, de Goede AL, de Boer AJ, Bos KJH, Duiveman-de Boer T, Olde Nordkamp MAM, van Oorschot TGM, Popelier CJ, Pots JM, Scharenborg NM, van de Rakt MWMM, de Ruiter V, van Meeteren WS, van Rossum MM, Croockewit SJ, Koeneman BJ, Creemers JHA, Wortel IMN, Angerer C, Brüning M, Petry K, Dzionek A, van der Veldt AA, van Grünhagen DJ, Werner JEM, Bonenkamp JJ, Haanen JBAG, Boers-Sonderen MJ, Koornstra RHT, Boomsma MF, Aarntzen EHJ, Gotthardt M, Nagarajah J, de Witte TJM, Figdor CG, de Wilt JHW, Textor J, de Groot JWB, Gerritsen WR, de Vries IJM. Adjuvant dendritic cell therapy in stage IIIB/C melanoma: the MIND-DC randomized phase III trial. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1632. [PMID: 38395969 PMCID: PMC10891118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Autologous natural dendritic cells (nDCs) treatment can induce tumor-specific immune responses and clinical responses in cancer patients. In this phase III clinical trial (NCT02993315), 148 patients with resected stage IIIB/C melanoma were randomized to adjuvant treatment with nDCs (n = 99) or placebo (n = 49). Active treatment consisted of intranodally injected autologous CD1c+ conventional and plasmacytoid DCs loaded with tumor antigens. The primary endpoint was the 2-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate, whereas the secondary endpoints included median RFS, 2-year and median overall survival, adverse event profile, and immunological response The 2-year RFS rate was 36.8% in the nDC treatment group and 46.9% in the control group (p = 0.31). Median RFS was 12.7 months vs 19.9 months, respectively (hazard ratio 1.25; 90% CI: 0.88-1.79; p = 0.29). Median overall survival was not reached in both treatment groups (hazard ratio 1.32; 90% CI: 0.73-2.38; p = 0.44). Grade 3-4 study-related adverse events occurred in 5% and 6% of patients. Functional antigen-specific T cell responses could be detected in 67.1% of patients tested in the nDC treatment group vs 3.8% of patients tested in the control group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, while adjuvant nDC treatment in stage IIIB/C melanoma patients generated specific immune responses and was well tolerated, no benefit in RFS was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalijn F Bol
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Bloemendal
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter W van Willigen
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Simone Hins-de Bree
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna L de Goede
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek J de Boer
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin J H Bos
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Duiveman-de Boer
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michel A M Olde Nordkamp
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom G M van Oorschot
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carlijn J Popelier
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanne M Pots
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole M Scharenborg
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mandy W M M van de Rakt
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Valeska de Ruiter
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wilmy S van Meeteren
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michelle M van Rossum
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J Croockewit
- Department of Hematology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bouke J Koeneman
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H A Creemers
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M N Wortel
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Data Science, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Astrid A van der Veldt
- Departments of Medical Oncology and Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J van Grünhagen
- Department Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna E M Werner
- Department Surgical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes J Bonenkamp
- Department Surgical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - John B A G Haanen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marye J Boers-Sonderen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rutger H T Koornstra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn F Boomsma
- Department of Radiology, Isala Oncology Center, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Aarntzen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Gotthardt
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - James Nagarajah
- Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo J M de Witte
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H W de Wilt
- Department Surgical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Textor
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Data Science, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Winald R Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Medical Biosciences, Radboud Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Yousafzai NA, El Khalki L, Wang W, Szpendyk J, Sossey-Alaoui K. Advances in 3D Culture Models to Study Exosomes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:883. [PMID: 38473244 PMCID: PMC10931050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, exhibits distinct subtypes with varying pathological, genetic, and clinical characteristics. Despite advancements in breast cancer treatments, its histological and molecular heterogeneity pose a significant clinical challenge. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive subtype lacking targeted therapeutics, adds to the complexity of breast cancer treatment. Recent years have witnessed the development of advanced 3D culture technologies, such as organoids and spheroids, providing more representative models of healthy human tissue and various malignancies. These structures, resembling organs in structure and function, are generated from stem cells or organ-specific progenitor cells via self-organizing processes. Notably, 3D culture systems bridge the gap between 2D cultures and in vivo studies, offering a more accurate representation of in vivo tumors' characteristics. Exosomes, small nano-sized molecules secreted by breast cancer and stromal/cancer-associated fibroblast cells, have garnered significant attention. They play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication, influencing tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. The 3D culture environment enhances exosome efficiency compared to traditional 2D cultures, impacting the transfer of specific cargoes and therapeutic effects. Furthermore, 3D exosomes have shown promise in improving therapeutic outcomes, acting as potential vehicles for cancer treatment administration. Studies have demonstrated their role in pro-angiogenesis and their innate therapeutic potential in mimicking cellular therapies without side effects. The 3D exosome model holds potential for addressing challenges associated with drug resistance, offering insights into the mechanisms underlying multidrug resistance and serving as a platform for drug screening. This review seeks to emphasize the crucial role of 3D culture systems in studying breast cancer, especially in understanding the involvement of exosomes in cancer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelum Aziz Yousafzai
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Lamyae El Khalki
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
| | - Justin Szpendyk
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA; (N.A.Y.); (L.E.K.); (W.W.)
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4909, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106-7285, USA
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Tavira B, Iscar T, Manso L, Santaballa A, Gil-Martin M, García García Y, Romeo M, Iglesias M, de Juan Ferré A, Barretina-Ginesta MP, Manzano A, Gaba L, Rubio MJ, de Andrea CE, González-Martín A. Analysis of Tumor Microenvironment Changes after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with or without Bevacizumab in Advanced Ovarian Cancer (GEICO-89T/MINOVA Study). Clin Cancer Res 2024; 30:176-186. [PMID: 37527007 PMCID: PMC10767307 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to elucidate the impact of bevacizumab added to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on the tumor immune microenvironment and correlate the changes with the clinical outcome of the patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN IHC and multiplex immunofluorescence for lymphoid and myeloid lineage markers were performed in matched tumor samples from 23 patients with ovarian cancer enrolled in GEICO 1205/NOVA clinical study before NACT and at the time of interval cytoreductive surgery. RESULTS Our results showed that the addition of bevacizumab to NACT plays a role mainly on lymphoid populations at the stromal compartment, detecting a significant decrease of CD4+ T cells, an increase of CD8+ T cells, and an upregulation in effector/regulatory cell ratio (CD8+/CD4+FOXP3+). None of the changes observed were detected in the intra-epithelial site in any arm (NACT or NACT-bevacizumab). No differences were found in myeloid lineage (macrophage-like). The percentage of Treg populations and effector/regulatory cell ratio in the stroma were the only two variables significantly associated with progression-free survival (PFS). CONCLUSIONS The addition of bevacizumab to NACT did not have an impact on PFS in the GEICO 1205 study. However, at the cellular level, changes in CD4+, CD8+ lymphocyte populations, and CD8+/CD4+FOXP3 ratio have been detected only at the stromal site. On the basis of our results, we hypothesize about the existence of mechanisms of resistance that could prevent the trafficking of T-effector cells into the epithelial component of the tumor as a potential explanation for the lack of efficacy of ICI in the first-line treatment of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. See related commentary by Soberanis Pina and Oza, p. 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Tavira
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Teresa Iscar
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Manso
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Santaballa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Gil-Martin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia L'Hospitalet, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Yolanda García García
- Department of Medical Oncology, Parc Taulí Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | - Margarita Romeo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia Badalona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Maria Iglesias
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Son Llátzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ana de Juan Ferré
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Aranzazu Manzano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lydia Gaba
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rubio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos E. de Andrea
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio González-Martín
- Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Program in Solid Tumors, Cima-Universidad de Navarra, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CCUN), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain
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Van Lint S, Van Parys A, Van Den Eeckhout B, Vandamme N, Plaisance S, Verhee A, Catteeuw D, Rogge E, De Geest J, Vanderroost N, Roels J, Saeys Y, Uzé G, Kley N, Cauwels A, Tavernier J. A bispecific Clec9A-PD-L1 targeted type I interferon profoundly reshapes the tumor microenvironment towards an antitumor state. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:191. [PMID: 38031106 PMCID: PMC10685570 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite major improvements in immunotherapeutic strategies, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remains a major obstacle for the induction of efficient antitumor responses. In this study, we show that local delivery of a bispecific Clec9A-PD-L1 targeted type I interferon (AcTaferon, AFN) overcomes this hurdle by reshaping the tumor immune landscape.Treatment with the bispecific AFN resulted in the presence of pro-immunogenic tumor-associated macrophages and neutrophils, increased motility and maturation profile of cDC1 and presence of inflammatory cDC2. Moreover, we report empowered diversity in the CD8+ T cell repertoire and induction of a shift from naive, dysfunctional CD8+ T cells towards effector, plastic cytotoxic T lymphocytes together with increased presence of NK and NKT cells as well as decreased regulatory T cell levels. These dynamic changes were associated with potent antitumor activity. Tumor clearance and immunological memory, therapeutic immunity on large established tumors and blunted tumor growth at distant sites were obtained upon co-administration of a non-curative dose of chemotherapy.Overall, this study illuminates further application of type I interferon as a safe and efficient way to reshape the suppressive tumor microenvironment and induce potent antitumor immunity; features which are of major importance in overcoming the development of metastases and tumor cell resistance to immune attack. The strategy described here has potential for application across to a broad range of cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Van Lint
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alexander Van Parys
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Present Affiliation: Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Van Den Eeckhout
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Niels Vandamme
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Single Cell Core, VIB, Ghent-Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Annick Verhee
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Catteeuw
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Rogge
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Present Affiliation: Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jennifer De Geest
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Present Affiliation: Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Vanderroost
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Roels
- VIB Single Cell Core, VIB, Ghent-Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yvan Saeys
- Data Mining and Modelling for Biomedicine, VIB & Center for inflammation research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gilles Uzé
- IRMB, University Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Niko Kley
- Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
- Orionis Biosciences, Boston, USA
| | - Anje Cauwels
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Present Affiliation: Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB & Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
- Orionis Biosciences, Ghent, Belgium.
- Orionis Biosciences, Boston, USA.
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8
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Ramezani F, Panahi Meymandi AR, Akbari B, Tamtaji OR, Mirzaei H, Brown CE, Mirzaei HR. Outsmarting trogocytosis to boost CAR NK/T cell therapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:183. [PMID: 37974170 PMCID: PMC10652537 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) NK and T cell therapy are promising immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer. However, the efficacy of CAR NK/T cell therapy is often hindered by various factors, including the phenomenon of trogocytosis, which involves the bidirectional exchange of membrane fragments between cells. In this review, we explore the role of trogocytosis in CAR NK/T cell therapy and highlight potential strategies for its modulation to improve therapeutic efficacy. We provide an in-depth analysis of trogocytosis as it relates to the fate and function of NK and T cells, focusing on its effects on cell activation, cytotoxicity, and antigen presentation. We discuss how trogocytosis can mediate transient antigen loss on cancer cells, thereby negatively affecting the effector function of CAR NK/T cells. Additionally, we address the phenomenon of fratricide and trogocytosis-associated exhaustion, which can limit the persistence and effectiveness of CAR-expressing cells. Furthermore, we explore how trogocytosis can impact CAR NK/T cell functionality, including the acquisition of target molecules and the modulation of signaling pathways. To overcome the negative effects of trogocytosis on cellular immunotherapy, we propose innovative approaches to modulate trogocytosis and augment CAR NK/T cell therapy. These strategies encompass targeting trogocytosis-related molecules, engineering CAR NK/T cells to resist trogocytosis-induced exhaustion and leveraging trogocytosis to enhance the function of CAR-expressing cells. By overcoming the limitations imposed by trogocytosis, it may be possible to unleash the full potential of CAR NK/T therapy against cancer. The knowledge and strategies presented in this review will guide future research and development, leading to improved therapeutic outcomes in the field of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Ramezani
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Panahi Meymandi
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnia Akbari
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Christine E Brown
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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9
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Qin A, Qin Y, Lee J, Musket A, Ying M, Krenciute G, Marincola FM, Yao ZQ, Musich PR, Xie Q. Tyrosine kinase signaling-independent MET-targeting with CAR-T cells. J Transl Med 2023; 21:682. [PMID: 37779207 PMCID: PMC10544186 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent progress in cancer immunotherapy encourages the expansion of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy in solid tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Overexpression of MET receptor tyrosine kinase is common in HCC; however, MET inhibitors are effective only when MET is in an active form, making patient stratification difficult. Specific MET-targeting CAR-T cells hold the promise of targeting HCC with MET overexpression regardless of signaling pathway activity. METHODS MET-specific CARs with CD28ζ or 4-1BBζ as co-stimulation domains were constructed. MET-CAR-T cells derived from healthy subjects (HS) and HCC patients were evaluated for their killing activity and cytokine release against HCC cells with various MET activations in vitro, and for their tumor growth inhibition in orthotopic xenograft models in vivo. RESULTS MET-CAR.CD28ζ and MET-CAR.4-1BBζ T cells derived from both HS and HCC patients specifically killed MET-positive HCC cells. When stimulated with MET-positive HCC cells in vitro, MET-CAR.CD28ζ T cells demonstrated a higher level of cytokine release and expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) than MET-CAR.4-1BBζ T cells. When analyzed in vivo, MET-CAR.CD28ζ T cells more effectively inhibited HCC orthotopic tumor growth in mice when compared to MET-CAR.4-1BBζ T cells. CONCLUSION We generated and characterized MET-specific CAR-T cells for targeting HCC with MET overexpression regardless of MET activation. Compared with MET-CAR.4-1BBζ, MET-CAR.CD28ζ T cells showed a higher anti-HCC potency but also a higher level of T cell exhaustion. While MET-CAR.CD28ζ is preferred for further development, overcoming the exhaustion of MET-CAR-T cells is necessary to improve their therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Yuan Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Joseph Lee
- Department of Surgery, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Anna Musket
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Mingyao Ying
- Department of Neurology, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Giedre Krenciute
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | | | - Zhi Q Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Phillip R Musich
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Qian Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
- Center of Excellence for Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA.
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10
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Wong H, Sugimura R. Immune-epigenetic crosstalk in haematological malignancies. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1233383. [PMID: 37808081 PMCID: PMC10551137 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1233383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Haematological malignancies comprise a diverse set of lymphoid and myeloid neoplasms which can arise during any stage of haematopoiesis in the bone marrow. Accumulating evidence suggests that chronic inflammation generated by inflammatory cytokines secreted by tumour and the tumour-associated cells within the bone marrow microenvironment initiates signalling pathways in malignant cells, resulting in activation of master transcription factors including Smads, STAT3, and NF-κB which confer cancer stem cell phenotypes and drive disease progression. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms for how immune cells interact with malignant cells to induce such epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation, histone modification, expression of miRNAs and lnRNAs to perturbate haematopoiesis could provide new avenues for developing novel targeted therapies for haematological malignancies. Here, the complex positive and negative feedback loops involved in inflammatory cytokine-induced cancer stem cell generation and drug resistance are reviewed to highlight the clinical importance of immune-epigenetic crosstalk in haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Lee Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
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11
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Rana PS, Goparaju K, Driscoll JJ. Shutting off the fuel supply to target metabolic vulnerabilities in multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1141851. [PMID: 37361580 PMCID: PMC10285382 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1141851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathways that govern cellular bioenergetics are deregulated in tumor cells and represent a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells have the capacity to reprogram pathways that control nutrient acquisition, anabolism and catabolism to enhance their growth and survival. Tumorigenesis requires the autonomous reprogramming of key metabolic pathways that obtain, generate and produce metabolites from a nutrient-deprived tumor microenvironment to meet the increased bioenergetic demands of cancer cells. Intra- and extracellular factors also have a profound effect on gene expression to drive metabolic pathway reprogramming in not only cancer cells but also surrounding cell types that contribute to anti-tumor immunity. Despite a vast amount of genetic and histologic heterogeneity within and between cancer types, a finite set of pathways are commonly deregulated to support anabolism, catabolism and redox balance. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy in adults and remains incurable in the vast majority of patients. Genetic events and the hypoxic bone marrow milieu deregulate glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid synthesis in MM cells to promote their proliferation, survival, metastasis, drug resistance and evasion of immunosurveillance. Here, we discuss mechanisms that disrupt metabolic pathways in MM cells to support the development of therapeutic resistance and thwart the effects of anti-myeloma immunity. A better understanding of the events that reprogram metabolism in myeloma and immune cells may reveal unforeseen vulnerabilities and advance the rational design of drug cocktails that improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka S. Rana
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Immune Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Krishna Goparaju
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - James J. Driscoll
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Immune Oncology Program, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, Seidman Cancer Center, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
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12
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Modur V, Muhammad B, Yang JQ, Zheng Y, Komurov K, Guo F. Mechanism of inert inflammation in an immune checkpoint blockade-resistant tumor subtype bearing transcription elongation defects. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112364. [PMID: 37043352 PMCID: PMC10562518 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) correlates with tumor-infiltrating cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) prior to treatment. However, many of these inflamed tumors resist ICB through unknown mechanisms. We show that tumors with transcription elongation deficiencies (TEdef+), which we previously reported as being resistant to ICB in mouse models and the clinic, have high baseline CTLs. We show that high baseline CTLs in TEdef+ tumors result from aberrant activation of the nucleic acid sensing-TBK1-CCL5/CXCL9 signaling cascade, which results in an immunosuppressive microenvironment with elevated regulatory T cells and exhausted CTLs. ICB therapy of TEdef+ tumors fail to increase CTL infiltration and suppress tumor growth in both experimental and clinical settings, suggesting that TEdef+, along with surrogate markers of tumor immunogenicity such as tumor mutational burden and CTLs, should be considered in the decision process for patient immunotherapy indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishnu Modur
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Belal Muhammad
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jun-Qi Yang
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yi Zheng
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | - Fukun Guo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Children's Hospital Medical Center, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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13
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An Overview of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in Canine Tumors: How Far Have We Come? Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010019. [PMID: 36669020 PMCID: PMC9865109 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, pre-clinical and clinical studies in human medicine have provided new insights, pushing forward the contemporary knowledge. The new results represented a motivation for investigators in specific fields of veterinary medicine, who addressed the same research topics from different perspectives in studies based on experimental and spontaneous animal disease models. The study of different pheno-genotypic contexts contributes to the confirmation of translational models of pathologic mechanisms. This review provides an overview of EMT and MET processes in both human and canine species. While human medicine rapidly advances, having a large amount of information available, veterinary medicine is not at the same level. This situation should provide motivation for the veterinary medicine research field, to apply the knowledge on humans to research in pets. By merging the knowledge of these two disciplines, better and faster results can be achieved, thus improving human and canine health.
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14
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Zhang Z, Zhao H, Chu C, Fu X, Liu Y, Wang L, Wei R, Xu K, Li L, Li X. The emerging roles of TLR and cGAS signaling in tumorigenesis and progression of ovarian cancer. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1072670. [PMID: 36588690 PMCID: PMC9800838 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1072670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is fatal to women and has a high mortality rate. Although on-going efforts are never stopped in identifying diagnostic and intervention strategies, the disease is so far unable to be well managed. The most important reason for this is the complexity of pathogenesis for OC, and therefore, uncovering the essential molecular biomarkers accompanied with OC progression takes the privilege for OC remission. Inflammation has been reported to participate in the initiation and progression of OC. Both microenvironmental and tumor cell intrinsic inflammatory signals contribute to the malignancy of OC. Inflammation responses can be triggered by various kinds of stimulus, including endogenous damages and exogenous pathogens, which are initially recognized and orchestrated by a series of innate immune system related receptors, especially Toll like receptors, and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase. In this review, we will discuss the roles of innate immune system related receptors, including TLRs and cGAS, and responses both intrinsic and exogenetic in the development and treatment of OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Zhang, ; Xia Li,
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chu Chu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonglin Liu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ran Wei
- School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,School of Clinical and Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Li
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Zhang, ; Xia Li,
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15
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Castillo-Sanchez R, Churruca-Schuind A, Martinez-Ival M, Salazar EP. Cancer-associated Fibroblasts Communicate with Breast Tumor Cells Through Extracellular Vesicles in Tumor Development. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2022; 21:15330338221131647. [PMID: 36222020 PMCID: PMC9558853 DOI: 10.1177/15330338221131647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. In solid tumors, the microenvironment plays a critical role in tumor development, and it has been described a communication between the different cell types that conform the stroma, including fibroblasts, pericytes, adipocytes, immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. Intercellular communication is bidirectional, complex, multifactorial and is mediated by the secretion of molecules and extracellular vesicles. The extracellular vesicles are vesicles limited by two membranes that are secreted by normal and cancer cells into the extracellular space. Extracellular vesicle cargo is complex and includes proteins, miRNAs, DNA and lipids, and their composition is specific to their parent cells. Extracellular vesicles are taken up for neighboring or distant cells. Particularly, extracellular vesicles from breast cancer cells are taken up for fibroblasts and it induces the activation of fibroblasts into cancer-associated fibroblasts. Interestingly, cancer associated fibroblasts release extracellular vesicles that are taken up for breast cancer cells and promote migration, invasion, proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, changes in metabolism, chemoresistance, evasion of immune system and remodeling of extracellular matrix. In addition, the enrichment of specific cargos in extracellular vesicles of breast cancer patients has been suggested to be used as biomarkers of the disease. Here we review the current literature about the intercommunication between tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts through extracellular vesicles in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Perez Salazar
- Eduardo Perez Salazar, PhD, Departamento de
Biologia Celular, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. IPN # 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
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16
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He J, Zheng P, Chen Y, Qi J, Ye C, Li D, Yang Y, Yang Y, Liu Q, Hu Y, Zheng X, Li W, Hua L, Yang Z, Chen H, Huang W, Sun W, Yang X, Long Q, Bai H, Ma Y. A new personalized vaccine strategy based on inducing the pyroptosis of tumor cells in vivo by transgenic expression of a truncated GSDMD N-terminus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:991857. [PMID: 36189310 PMCID: PMC9521720 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.991857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The variability and heterogeneity of tumor antigens and the tumor-driven development of immunosuppressive mechanisms leading to tumor escape from established immunological surveillance. Here, the tumor cells were genetically modified to achieve an inducible overexpression of the N-terminal domain of gasdermin D (GSDMD-NT) and effectively cause pyroptosis under a strict control. Pyroptotic tumor cells release damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and inflammatory cytokines to promote the maturation and migration of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Furthermore, local tumor delivery, and preventive or therapeutic subcutaneous immunization of the modified cells, followed by the induction of GSDMD-NT expression, significantly stimulated both the systemic and local responses of antitumor immunity, and reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment, leading to the dramatic suppression of tumor growth in mice. This study has explored the application potency of inducing the pyroptosis of tumor cells in the field of tumor immunotherapy, especially for developing a new and promising personalized tumor vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong He
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Jialong Qi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Digestive Endoscopy Clinical Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Duo Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Institute of Medical Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Qingwen Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Institute of Medical Biology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongmao Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiran Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Liangqun Hua
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhongqian Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Haoqian Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjia Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Qiong Long
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hongmei Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yanbing Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Yanbing Ma,
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17
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Lu Z, McBrearty N, Chen J, Tomar VS, Zhang H, De Rosa G, Tan A, Weljie AM, Beiting DP, Miao Z, George SS, Berger A, Saggu G, Diehl JA, Koumenis C, Fuchs SY. ATF3 and CH25H regulate effector trogocytosis and anti-tumor activities of endogenous and immunotherapeutic cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1342-1358.e7. [PMID: 36070682 PMCID: PMC10496461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Effector trogocytosis between malignant cells and tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) contributes to immune evasion through antigen loss on target cells and fratricide of antigen-experienced CTLs by other CTLs. The mechanisms regulating these events in tumors remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that tumor-derived factors (TDFs) stimulated effector trogocytosis and restricted CTLs' tumoricidal activity and viability in vitro. TDFs robustly altered the CTL's lipid profile, including depletion of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). 25HC inhibited trogocytosis and prevented CTL's inactivation and fratricide. Mechanistically, TDFs induced ATF3 transcription factor that suppressed the expression of 25HC-regulating gene-cholesterol 25-hydroxylase (CH25H). Stimulation of trogocytosis in the intratumoral CTL by the ATF3-CH25H axis attenuated anti-tumor immunity, stimulated tumor growth, and impeded the efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell adoptive therapy. Through use of armored CAR constructs or pharmacologic agents restoring CH25H expression, we reversed these phenotypes and increased the efficacy of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Noreen McBrearty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jinyun Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vivek S Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongru Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Gianluca De Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aiwen Tan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aalim M Weljie
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel P Beiting
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Miao
- Department of Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Subin S George
- Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Allison Berger
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Gurpanna Saggu
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - J Alan Diehl
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Constantinos Koumenis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Serge Y Fuchs
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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18
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Zhu M, Liao G, Wang Y, Mo J, Yi D, Zhang Y, Xian L. Identifying LATS2 as a prognostic biomarker relevant to immune infiltrates in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2022; 13:952528. [PMID: 36118851 PMCID: PMC9479129 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.952528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the TIMER database, large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) is differentially expressed in various tumors. However, the correlation between LATS2 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and the association between LATS2 and immune infiltration in ESCC remain unclear. Our synthetic research on LATS2 in ESCC revealed that the expression was low in esophageal squamous epithelium tissues, revealing the pernicious and adverse prognosis of ESCC. The Kaplan–Meier survival investigation pointed out that low LATS2 expression would result in an adverse prognosis. Biological investigation indicated that LATS2 was engaged in cell migration, adhesion, and junction. To further explore the relationship between LATS2 and tumor immunity, we utilized CIBERSORT to assess immune infiltration. The findings revealed that specimens with lower LATS2 expression showed higher immune infiltration, including T-cell follicular helper cells, M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages, and myeloid dendritic cell resting. An association investigation indicated that LATS2 was negatively relevant to immune checkpoints that restrain operative antitumor immune reactions. We also conducted immunohistochemical staining to explore the link between LATS2 expression and immunophenotype. The indicated association between low LATS2 expression and an immunophenotype is conducive to our understanding of ESCC mini-environments and might offer new indications for enhancing new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqi Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoran Liao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Junxian Mo
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Dunbo Yi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Wuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Xian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Xian,
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19
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Safarzadeh Kozani P, Safarzadeh Kozani P, Ahmadi Najafabadi M, Yousefi F, Mirarefin SMJ, Rahbarizadeh F. Recent Advances in Solid Tumor CAR-T Cell Therapy: Driving Tumor Cells From Hero to Zero? Front Immunol 2022; 13:795164. [PMID: 35634281 PMCID: PMC9130586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.795164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CAR-Ts) are known as revolutionary living drugs that have turned the tables of conventional cancer treatments in certain hematologic malignancies such as B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) by achieving US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval based on their successful clinical outcomes. However, this type of therapy has not seen the light of victory in the fight against solid tumors because of various restricting caveats including heterogeneous tumor antigen expression and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME) that negatively affect the tumor-site accessibility, infiltration, stimulation, activation, and persistence of CAR-Ts. In this review, we explore strategic twists including boosting vaccines and designing implementations that can support CAR-T expansion, proliferation, and tumoricidal capacity. We also step further by underscoring novel strategies for triggering endogenous antitumor responses and overcoming the limitation of poor CAR-T tumor-tissue infiltration and the lack of definitive tumor-specific antigens. Ultimately, we highlight how these approaches can address the mentioned arduous hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Pooria Safarzadeh Kozani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Ahmadi Najafabadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Yousefi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Rahbarizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Research and Development Center of Biotechnology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Xu G, Luo Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Liu B, Wei J. Therapeutic bispecific antibodies against intracellular tumor antigens. Cancer Lett 2022; 538:215699. [PMID: 35487312 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bispecific antibodies (BsAbs)-based therapeutics have been identified to be one of the most promising immunotherapy strategies. However, their target repertoire is mainly restricted to cell surface antigens rather than intracellular antigens, resulting in a relatively limited scope of applications. Intracellular tumor antigens are identified to account for a large proportion of tumor antigen profiles. Recently, bsAbs that target intracellular oncoproteins have raised much attention, broadening the targeting scope of tumor antigens and improving the efficacy of traditional antibody-based therapeutics. Consequently, this review will focus on this emerging field and discuss related research advances. We introduce the classification, characteristics, and clinical applications of bsAbs, the theoretical basis for targeting intracellular antigens, delivery systems of bsAbs, and the latest preclinical and clinical advances of bsAbs targeting several intracellular oncotargets, including those of cancer-testis antigens, differentiation antigens, neoantigens, and other antigens. Moreover, we summarize the limitations of current bsAbs, and propose several potential strategies against immune escape and T cell exhaustion as well as some future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Xu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yuting Luo
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Hanbing Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Baorui Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jia Wei
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China; Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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21
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Targeting TCTP sensitizes tumor to T cell-mediated therapy by reversing immune-refractory phenotypes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2127. [PMID: 35440620 PMCID: PMC9019109 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful approach to cancer treatment. However, immunotherapeutic resistance limits its clinical application. Therefore, identifying immune-resistant factors, which can be targeted by clinically available drugs and it also can be a companion diagnostic marker, is needed to develop combination strategies. Here, using the transcriptome data of patients, and immune-refractory tumor models, we identify TCTP as an immune-resistance factor that correlates with clinical outcome of anti-PD-L1 therapy and confers immune-refractory phenotypes, decreased T cell trafficking to the tumor and resistance to cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated tumor cell killing. Mechanistically, TCTP activates the EGFR-AKT-MCL-1/CXCL10 pathway by phosphorylation-dependent interaction with Na, K ATPase. Furthermore, treatment with dihydroartenimsinin, the most effective agent impending the TCTP-mediated-refractoriness, synergizes with T cell-mediated therapy to control immune-refractory tumors. Thus, our findings suggest a role of TCTP in promoting immune-refractoriness, thereby encouraging a rationale for combination therapies to enhance the efficacy of T cell-mediated therapy. Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) regulates several cellular processes, including apoptosis, and is overexpressed in several cancer types. Here, the authors report that high levels of TCTP are associated with poor response to anti-PD-L1 and that TCTP targeting increases the efficacy of T cell-mediated anti-tumor therapy.
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22
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Ferrer G, Álvarez-Errico D, Esteller M. Biological and Molecular Factors Predicting Response to Adoptive Cell Therapies in Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2022; 114:930-939. [PMID: 35438170 PMCID: PMC9275759 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) constitutes a major breakthrough in cancer management that has expanded in the past years due to impressive results showing durable and even curative responses for some patients with hematological malignancies. ACT leverages antigen specificity and cytotoxic mechanisms of the immune system, particularly relying on the patient’s T lymphocytes to target and eliminate malignant cells. This personalized therapeutic approach exemplifies the success of the joint effort of basic, translational, and clinical researchers that has turned the patient’s immune system into a great ally in the search for a cancer cure. ACTs are constantly improving to reach a maximum beneficial clinical response. Despite being very promising therapeutic options for certain types of cancers, mainly melanoma and hematological malignancies, these individualized treatments still present several shortcomings, including elevated costs, technical challenges, management of adverse side effects, and a limited population of responder patients. Thus, it is crucial to discover and develop reliable and robust biomarkers to specifically and sensitively pinpoint the patients that will benefit the most from ACT as well as those at higher risk of developing potentially serious toxicities. Although unique readouts of infused cell therapy success have not yet been identified, certain characteristics from the adoptive cells, the tumor, and/or the tumor microenvironment have been recognized to predict patients’ outcome on ACT. Here, we comment on the importance of biomarkers to predict ACT chances of success to maximize efficacy of treatments and increase patients’ survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Ferrer
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.,Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Catalonia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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23
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Goral A, Firczuk M, Fidyt K, Sledz M, Simoncello F, Siudakowska K, Pagano G, Moussay E, Paggetti J, Nowakowska P, Gobessi S, Barankiewicz J, Salomon-Perzynski A, Benvenuti F, Efremov DG, Juszczynski P, Lech-Maranda E, Muchowicz A. A Specific CD44lo CD25lo Subpopulation of Regulatory T Cells Inhibits Anti-Leukemic Immune Response and Promotes the Progression in a Mouse Model of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Front Immunol 2022; 13:781364. [PMID: 35296093 PMCID: PMC8918500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.781364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are capable of inhibiting the proliferation, activation and function of T cells and play an important role in impeding the immune response to cancer. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) a dysfunctional immune response and elevated percentage of effector-like phenotype Tregs have been described. In this study, using the Eµ-TCL1 mouse model of CLL, we evaluated the changes in the Tregs phenotype and their expansion at different stages of leukemia progression. Importantly, we show that Tregs depletion in DEREG mice triggered the expansion of new anti-leukemic cytotoxic T cell clones leading to leukemia eradication. In TCL1 leukemia-bearing mice we identified and characterized a specific Tregs subpopulation, the phenotype of which suggests its role in the formation of an immunosuppressive microenvironment, supportive for leukemia survival and proliferation. This observation was also confirmed by the gene expression profile analysis of these TCL1-specific Tregs. The obtained data on Tregs are consistent with those described so far, however, above all show that the changes in the Tregs phenotype described in CLL result from the formation of a specific, described in this study Tregs subpopulation. In addition, functional tests revealed the ability of Tregs to inhibit T cells that recognize model antigens expressed by leukemic cells. Moreover, inhibition of Tregs with a MALT1 inhibitor provided a therapeutic benefit, both as monotherapy and also when combined with an immune checkpoint inhibitor. Altogether, activation of Tregs appears to be crucial for CLL progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Goral
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Klaudyna Fidyt
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Sledz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesca Simoncello
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Pagano
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Etienne Moussay
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jérôme Paggetti
- Tumor-Stroma Interactions, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Stefania Gobessi
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Joanna Barankiewicz
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Federica Benvenuti
- Cellular Immunology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dimitar G. Efremov
- Molecular Hematology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | - Przemyslaw Juszczynski
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Lech-Maranda
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Angelika Muchowicz
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Angelika Muchowicz,
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24
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Oh SJ, Lee HJ, Song KH, Kim S, Cho E, Lee J, Bosenberg MW, Kim TW. Targeting NANOG/HDAC1 axis reverses resistance to PD-1 blockade by reinvigorating anti-tumor immunity cycle. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:147908. [PMID: 35104240 PMCID: PMC8920337 DOI: 10.1172/jci147908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has shifted the paradigm for cancer treatment. However, the majority of patients lack effective responses because of the emergence of immune-refractory tumors that disrupt the amplification of antitumor immunity. Therefore, the identification of clinically available targets that restrict antitumor immunity is required to develop potential combination therapies. Here, using transcriptomic data on patients with cancer treated with programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapy and newly established mouse preclinical anti–PD-1 therapy–refractory models, we identified NANOG as a factor restricting the amplification of the antitumor immunity cycle, thereby contributing to the immune-refractory feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Mechanistically, NANOG induced insufficient T cell infiltration and resistance to CTL-mediated killing via the histone deacetylase 1–dependent (HDAC1-dependent) regulation of CXCL10 and MCL1, respectively. Importantly, HDAC1 inhibition using an actionable agent sensitized NANOGhi immune-refractory tumors to PD-1 blockade by reinvigorating the antitumor immunity cycle. Thus, our findings implicate the NANOG/HDAC1 axis as a central molecular target for controlling immune-refractory tumors and provide a rationale for combining HDAC inhibitors to reverse the refractoriness of tumors to ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Oh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea, Republic of
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Eunho Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
| | - Jaeyoon Lee
- College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Northeastern University, Boston, United States of America
| | - Marcus W Bosenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, United States of America
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of
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25
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Peyraud F, Guegan JP, Bodet D, Cousin S, Bessede A, Italiano A. Targeting Tryptophan Catabolism in Cancer Immunotherapy Era: Challenges and Perspectives. Front Immunol 2022; 13:807271. [PMID: 35173722 PMCID: PMC8841724 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.807271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism of tryptophan (Trp), an essential amino acid, represent a major metabolic pathway that both promotes tumor cell intrinsic malignant properties as well as restricts antitumour immunity, thus emerging as a drug development target for cancer immunotherapy. Three cytosolic enzymes, namely indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), IDO2 and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2), catalyzes the first-rate limiting step of the degradation of Trp to kynurenine (Kyn) and modulates immunity toward immunosuppression mainly through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation in numerous types of cancer. By restoring antitumor immune responses and synergizing with other immunotherapies, the encouraging preclinical data of IDO1 inhibitors has dramatically failed to translate into clinical success when combined with immune checkpoints inhibitors, reigniting the debate of combinatorial approach. In this review, we i) provide comprehensive evidences on immunomodulatory role of the Trp catabolism metabolites that highlight this pathway as relevant target in immuno-oncology, ii)ii) discuss underwhelming results from clinical trials investigating efficacy of IDO1 inhibitors and underlying mechanisms that might have contributed to this failure, and finally, iii) discuss the current state-of-art surrounding alternative approaches of innovative antitumor immunotherapies that target molecules of Trp catabolism as well as challenges and perspectives in the era of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Peyraud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Unit, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Sophie Cousin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Unit, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Antoine Italiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Unit, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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26
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Restricting tumor lactic acid metabolism using dichloroacetate improves T cell functions. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:39. [PMID: 34991504 PMCID: PMC8734242 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lactic acid produced by tumors has been shown to overcome immune surveillance, by suppressing the activation and function of T cells in the tumor microenvironment. The strategies employed to impair tumor cell glycolysis could improve immunosurveillance and tumor growth regulation. Dichloroacetate (DCA) limits the tumor-derived lactic acid by altering the cancer cell metabolism. In this study, the effects of lactic acid on the activation and function of T cells, were analyzed by assessing T cell proliferation, cytokine production and the cellular redox state of T cells. We examined the redox system in T cells by analyzing the intracellular level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide and glutathione and gene expression of some proteins that have a role in the redox system. Then we co-cultured DCA-treated tumor cells with T cells to examine the effect of reduced tumor-derived lactic acid on proliferative response, cytokine secretion and viability of T cells. Result We found that lactic acid could dampen T cell function through suppression of T cell proliferation and cytokine production as well as restrain the redox system of T cells by decreasing the production of oxidant and antioxidant molecules. DCA decreased the concentration of tumor lactic acid by manipulating glucose metabolism in tumor cells. This led to increases in T cell proliferation and cytokine production and also rescued the T cells from apoptosis. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest accumulation of lactic acid in the tumor microenvironment restricts T cell responses and could prevent the success of T cell therapy. DCA supports anti-tumor responses of T cells by metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-09151-2.
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27
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Bloemendal M, Bol KF, Boudewijns S, Gorris MA, de Wilt JH, Croockewit SA, van Rossum MM, de Goede AL, Petry K, Koornstra RH, Figdor C, Gerritsen WR, Schreibelt G, de Vries IJM. Immunological responses to adjuvant vaccination with combined CD1c + myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in stage III melanoma patients. Oncoimmunology 2021; 11:2015113. [PMID: 36524210 PMCID: PMC9746622 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.2015113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the immunological responses of lymph-node involved (stage III) melanoma patients to adjuvant dendritic cell vaccination with subsets of naturally occurring dendritic cells (nDCs). Fifteen patients with completely resected stage III melanoma were randomized to receive adjuvant dendritic cell vaccination with CD1c+ myeloid dendritic cells (cDC2s), plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) or the combination. Immunological response was the primary endpoint and secondary endpoints included safety and survival. In 80% of the patients, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were detected in skin test-derived T cells and in 55% of patients, antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were detectable in peripheral blood. Functional interferon-γ-producing T cells were found in the skin test of 64% of the patients. Production of nDC vaccines meeting release criteria was feasible for all patients. Vaccination only induced grade 1-2 adverse events, mainly consisting of fatigue. In conclusion, adjuvant dendritic cell vaccination with cDC2s and/or pDCs is feasible, safe and induced immunological responses in the majority of stage III melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Bloemendal
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kalijn F. Bol
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Steve Boudewijns
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Mark A.J. Gorris
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Anna L. de Goede
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katja Petry
- Miltenyi Biotec GmbH, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
| | - Rutger H.T. Koornstra
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Carl Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Winald R. Gerritsen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerty Schreibelt
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - I. Jolanda M. de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,CONTACT I. Jolanda M. de Vries Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences; Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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28
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Grinda T, Brouard J, Tran D, Rubio MT. [Mechanisms of resistance and escape to CAR-T cells]. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:S128-S140. [PMID: 34920795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CAR-T cells represent a new approach to anti-tumor cellular immunotherapy allowing to combine the recognition of tumor antigens on target cells and the activation, proliferation and cytotoxic capacity of T lymphocytes. Impressive clinical results have been obtained with CAR-T cells targeting the CD19 antigen in relapsing or refractory B cell malignant lymphomas or acute lymphoblastic leukemias, with complete response rates of 40 to 90%. However, 30 to 50% of responding patients in B malignancies will escape treatment secondarily, and the effectiveness of these approaches in solid tumors remains limited. Different mechanisms of primary resistance and/or escape to CAR-T cells have been described. This review aims to describe these mechanisms and explore potential ways for optimization. We will see that the initial response and its long-term persistence depends on several parameters: the functional characteristics of the CAR-T cells in vivo, the expression of targeted antigens on tumor cells, the development of a immunosuppressive microenvironment. Or of an immune response directed against the CAR molecule. In solid tumors in particular, the specificity of the antigen target and the "homing" of CAR-T cells in the tumor site are additional elements to consider. A better knowledge of mechanisms of resistance will help to improve the clinical outcomes by either modulating the construction and the production of CAR-T cells and/or to combine them with other immunotherapeutic approaches to better control the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Grinda
- Biopole de l'Université de Lorraine, Équipe 6 CeCiTa, CNRS UMR 7563 IMoPa, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; Gustave-Roussy, Département de médecine oncologique, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Jordan Brouard
- Biopole de l'Université de Lorraine, Équipe 6 CeCiTa, CNRS UMR 7563 IMoPa, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Dai Tran
- Biopole de l'Université de Lorraine, Équipe 6 CeCiTa, CNRS UMR 7563 IMoPa, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Marie Thérèse Rubio
- Biopole de l'Université de Lorraine, Équipe 6 CeCiTa, CNRS UMR 7563 IMoPa, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France; Hopital Brabois, service d'hématologie, CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France.
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Amaoui B, Lalya I, Safini F, Semghouli S. Combination of immunotherapy-radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer: Reality and perspective. RADIATION MEDICINE AND PROTECTION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmp.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Jiang TT, Kruglov O, Lin GHY, Minic A, Jordan K, Uger RA, Wong M, Shou Y, Akilov OE. Clinical Response to Anti-CD47 Immunotherapy Is Associated with Rapid Reduction of Exhausted Bystander CD4 + BTLA + T Cells in Tumor Microenvironment of Mycosis Fungoides. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235982. [PMID: 34885092 PMCID: PMC8656720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The identification of the events that accompany cancer progression is essential for developing new therapies. We have used mycosis fungoides, the most common type of cutaneous lymphoma, as a model for our study. We have shown that cancer progression is accompanied by the expansion of exhausted immune cells around malignant cells. Those exhausted cells prevent immune activation, blocking cancer clearance by the immune system. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that novel anti-CD47 immunotherapy with mycosis fungoides leads to the reduction of exhausted T cells accompanied by the expansion of NK and CD8+ T cells. These therapeutic benefits of CD47 blockade were further facilitated by interferon-α, which stimulates cytotoxic cells. Thus, we showed that CD47 might serve as an effective therapeutic target in treating mycosis fungoides. Abstract Cancer progression in mycosis fungoides, the most common form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, occurs in a predictable, sequential pattern that starts from patches and that evolves to plaques and later to tumors. Therefore, unlocking the relationship between the microarchitecture of mycosis fungoides and the clinical counterparts of that microstructure represents important steps for the design of targeted therapies. Using multispectral fluorescent imaging, we show that the progression of mycosis fungoides from plaque to tumor parallels the cutaneous expansion of the malignant CD4+ T cells that express TOX. The density of exhausted BTLA+ CD4+ T cells around malignant CD4+TOX+ cells was higher in tumors than it was in plaques, suggesting that undesired safeguards are in place within the tumor microenvironment that prevent immune activation and subsequent cancer eradication. Overriding the CD47 checkpoint with an intralesional SIRPαFc fusion decoy receptor induced the resolution of mycosis fungoides in patients that paralleled an amplified expansion of NK and CD8+ T cells in addition to a reduction of the exhausted BTLA+ CD4+ T cells that were engaged in promiscuous intercellular interactions. These therapeutic benefits of the CD47 blockade were further unleashed by adjuvant interferon-α, which stimulates cytotoxic cells, underscoring the importance of an inflamed microenvironment in facilitating the response to immunotherapy. Collectively, these findings support CD47 as a therapeutic target in treating mycosis fungoides and demonstrate a synergistic role of interferon-α in exploiting these clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony T. Jiang
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Program, Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (T.T.J.); (O.K.)
| | - Oleg Kruglov
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Program, Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (T.T.J.); (O.K.)
| | - Gloria H. Y. Lin
- Trillium Therapeutics Inc., Mississauga, ON L5L 1J9, Canada; (G.H.Y.L.); (R.A.U.); (M.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Angela Minic
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Kimberly Jordan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (A.M.); (K.J.)
| | - Robert A. Uger
- Trillium Therapeutics Inc., Mississauga, ON L5L 1J9, Canada; (G.H.Y.L.); (R.A.U.); (M.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Mark Wong
- Trillium Therapeutics Inc., Mississauga, ON L5L 1J9, Canada; (G.H.Y.L.); (R.A.U.); (M.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yaping Shou
- Trillium Therapeutics Inc., Mississauga, ON L5L 1J9, Canada; (G.H.Y.L.); (R.A.U.); (M.W.); (Y.S.)
| | - Oleg E. Akilov
- Cutaneous Lymphoma Program, Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (T.T.J.); (O.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-648-9982
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Zhang P, Meng J, Li Y, Yang C, Hou Y, Tang W, McHugh KJ, Jing L. Nanotechnology-enhanced immunotherapy for metastatic cancer. Innovation (N Y) 2021; 2:100174. [PMID: 34766099 PMCID: PMC8571799 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A vast majority of cancer deaths occur as a result of metastasis. Unfortunately, effective treatments for metastases are currently lacking due to the difficulty of selectively targeting these small, delocalized tumors distributed across a variety of organs. However, nanotechnology holds tremendous promise for improving immunotherapeutic outcomes in patients with metastatic cancer. In contrast to conventional cancer immunotherapies, rationally designed nanomaterials can trigger specific tumoricidal effects, thereby improving immune cell access to major sites of metastasis such as bone, lungs, and lymph nodes, optimizing antigen presentation, and inducing a persistent immune response. This paper reviews the cutting-edge trends in nano-immunoengineering for metastatic cancers with an emphasis on different nano-immunotherapeutic strategies. Specifically, it discusses directly reversing the immunological status of the primary tumor, harnessing the potential of peripheral immune cells, preventing the formation of a pre-metastatic niche, and inhibiting the tumor recurrence through postoperative immunotherapy. Finally, we describe the challenges facing the integration of nanoscale immunomodulators and provide a forward-looking perspective on the innovative nanotechnology-based tools that may ultimately prove effective at eradicating metastatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Junli Meng
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yi Hou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Tang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, MS-142, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Lihong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing 100190, China
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Zhou D, Jiang K, Hong R, Lu Q, Xia W, Li M, Zheng C, Zheng Q, Xu F, Wang S. Distribution Characteristics and Prognostic Value of Immune Infiltration in Oligometastatic Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:747012. [PMID: 34858823 PMCID: PMC8632540 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.747012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the distribution characteristics and the prognostic value of immune infiltration in female oligometastatic breast cancer patients. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of oligometastatic breast cancer (OMBC) patients diagnosed between June 2000 and January 2020. Immune markers were quantified by immunohistochemistry on FFPE tissues in paired normal breast tissues, primary breast cancers and oligometastatic lesions. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox-proportional hazards model. RESULTS A total of 95 female OMBC patients visited Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between June 2000 and January 2020, and 33 of them had matched normal breast tissues, primary cancers and oligometastatic lesions and were reviewed in immune infiltration analysis. CD8 of primary tumors had a higher expression than that in matched normal tissues. The expressions of CD8 and FOXP3 were higher in the primary sites than that in the oligometastatic lesions. CD3, CD4 and CD8 were significantly lower in the intratumoral regions than that in the peritumoral regions both in primary and oligometastatic lesions. Notably, the high percentage of CD3 in the intratumoral oligometastatic lesions predicted the longer PFS and OS, and higher CD4 in the same lesions also predicted a better OS. There was obviously positive correlation between CD4/CD3 and Ki-67 in primary cancers and negative correlation between CD4/CD3 and ER in oligometastatic sites. CONCLUSION We explored immune distribution and evolution in time and space in OMBC to provide new understandings for biological behaviors of this disease and further divided patients in different prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kuikui Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoxi Hong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianyi Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Xia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengyou Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiufan Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shusen Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Whiteaker JR, Lundeen RA, Zhao L, Schoenherr RM, Burian A, Huang D, Voytovich U, Wang T, Kennedy JJ, Ivey RG, Lin C, Murillo OD, Lorentzen TD, Thiagarajan M, Colantonio S, Caceres TW, Roberts RR, Knotts JG, Reading JJ, Kaczmarczyk JA, Richardson CW, Garcia-Buntley SS, Bocik W, Hewitt SM, Murray KE, Do N, Brophy M, Wilz SW, Yu H, Ajjarapu S, Boja E, Hiltke T, Rodriguez H, Paulovich AG. Targeted Mass Spectrometry Enables Multiplexed Quantification of Immunomodulatory Proteins in Clinical Biospecimens. Front Immunol 2021; 12:765898. [PMID: 34858420 PMCID: PMC8632241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are revolutionizing cancer care, producing durable responses and potentially cures in a subset of patients. However, response rates are low for most tumors, grade 3/4 toxicities are not uncommon, and our current understanding of tumor immunobiology is incomplete. While hundreds of immunomodulatory proteins in the tumor microenvironment shape the anti-tumor response, few of them can be reliably quantified. To address this need, we developed a multiplex panel of targeted proteomic assays targeting 52 peptides representing 46 proteins using peptide immunoaffinity enrichment coupled to multiple reaction monitoring-mass spectrometry. We validated the assays in tissue and plasma matrices, where performance figures of merit showed over 3 orders of dynamic range and median inter-day CVs of 5.2% (tissue) and 21% (plasma). A feasibility study in clinical biospecimens showed detection of 48/52 peptides in frozen tissue and 38/52 peptides in plasma. The assays are publicly available as a resource for the research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Whiteaker
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rachel A. Lundeen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lei Zhao
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Regine M. Schoenherr
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Aura Burian
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Dongqing Huang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Ulianna Voytovich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jacob J. Kennedy
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Richard G. Ivey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chenwei Lin
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Oscar D. Murillo
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Travis D. Lorentzen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | | | - Simona Colantonio
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Antibody Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Tessa W. Caceres
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Antibody Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Rhonda R. Roberts
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Antibody Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joseph G. Knotts
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Antibody Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joshua J. Reading
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Antibody Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jan A. Kaczmarczyk
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Antibody Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Christopher W. Richardson
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Antibody Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sandra S. Garcia-Buntley
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Antibody Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - William Bocik
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Antibody Characterization Lab, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karen E. Murray
- Veteran’s Administration (VA) Cooperative Studies Program, Veteran’s Administration (VA) Boston Healthcare System (151MAV), Jamaica Plain, MA, United States
| | - Nhan Do
- Veteran’s Administration (VA) Cooperative Studies Program, Veteran’s Administration (VA) Boston Healthcare System (151MAV), Jamaica Plain, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mary Brophy
- Veteran’s Administration (VA) Cooperative Studies Program, Veteran’s Administration (VA) Boston Healthcare System (151MAV), Jamaica Plain, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Stephen W. Wilz
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Program, Veteran’s Administration (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, United States
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Program, Veteran’s Administration (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Jamaica Plain, MA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samuel Ajjarapu
- Veteran’s Administration (VA) Cooperative Studies Program, Veteran’s Administration (VA) Boston Healthcare System (151MAV), Jamaica Plain, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emily Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amanda G. Paulovich
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
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Chen X, MacNabb BW, Flood B, Blazar BR, Kline J. Divergent fates of antigen-specific CD8 + T cell clones in mice with acute leukemia. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109991. [PMID: 34758311 PMCID: PMC8656370 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of a dysfunctional CD8+ T cell state in cancer is well established. However, the degree to which CD8+ T cell fates are influenced by the context in which they encounter cognate tumor antigen is less clear. We previously demonstrated that CD8+ T cells reactive to a model leukemia antigen were deleted by antigen cross-presenting type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s). Here, through a study of T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic CD8+ T cells (TCRTg101) reactive to a native C1498 leukemia cell antigen, we uncover a different mode of T cell tolerance in which TCRTg101 undergo progressive expansion and differentiation into an exhausted state. Antigen encounter by TCRTg101 requires leukemia cell major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I expression and is independent of DCs, implying that leukemia cells directly mediate the exhausted TCRTg101 phenotype. Collectively, our data reveal that leukemia antigens are presented to CD8+ T cells via discrete pathways, leading to distinct tolerant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Blake Flood
- Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Justin Kline
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Shi B, Chu J, Huang T, Wang X, Li Q, Gao Q, Xia Q, Luo S. The Scavenger Receptor MARCO Expressed by Tumor-Associated Macrophages Are Highly Associated With Poor Pancreatic Cancer Prognosis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:771488. [PMID: 34778091 PMCID: PMC8586414 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.771488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-targeting therapies have become attractive strategies for immunotherapy. Deficiency of MARCO significantly inhibits tumor progression and metastasis in murine models of pancreatic cancer. However, the role of MARCO in patients with pancreatic cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we analyzed tumor-associated macrophage (TAM)-related changes using the Cancer Genome Atlas database. We observed a significant enrichment of M2 macrophages in pancreatic cancer tissues. We found that several pro-tumor markers are increased in cancer tissues, including CD163, CD206, SIRPα, LILRB1, SIGLEC10, AXL, MERTK, and MARCO. Crucially, MARCO is highly or exclusively expressed in pancreatic cancer across many types of solid tumors, suggesting its significant role in pancreatic cancer. Next, we investigated the expression of MARCO in relation to the macrophage marker CD163 in a treatment-naïve pancreatic cancer cohort after surgery (n = 65). MARCO and CD163 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. We observed increased expression of CD163 and MARCO in pancreatic cancer tissues compared with paracancerous tissues. Furthermore, we observed a large variation in CD163 and MARCO expression in pancreatic cancer tissues among cases, suggesting the heterogeneous expression of these two markers among patients. Correlation to clinical data indicated a strong trend toward worse survival for patients with high CD163 and MARCO macrophage infiltration. Moreover, high CD163 and MARCO expression negatively affected the disease-free survival and overall survival rates of patients with pancreatic cancer. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that CD163 and MARCO expression was an independent indicator of pancreatic cancer prognosis. In conclusion, high CD163 and MARCO expression in cancer tissues is a negative prognostic marker for pancreatic cancer after surgery. Furthermore, anti-MARCO may be a novel therapy that is worth studying in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bian Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Chu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiujian Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qilong Gao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingxin Xia
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Suxia Luo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Johann K, Bohn T, Shahneh F, Luther N, Birke A, Jaurich H, Helm M, Klein M, Raker VK, Bopp T, Barz M, Becker C. Therapeutic melanoma inhibition by local micelle-mediated cyclic nucleotide repression. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5981. [PMID: 34645812 PMCID: PMC8514514 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The acidic tumor microenvironment in melanoma drives immune evasion by up-regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in tumor-infiltrating monocytes. Here we show that the release of non-toxic concentrations of an adenylate cyclase (AC) inhibitor from poly(sarcosine)-block-poly(L-glutamic acid γ-benzyl ester) (polypept(o)id) copolymer micelles restores antitumor immunity. In combination with selective, non-therapeutic regulatory T cell depletion, AC inhibitor micelles achieve a complete remission of established B16-F10-OVA tumors. Single-cell sequencing of melanoma-infiltrating immune cells shows that AC inhibitor micelles reduce the number of anti-inflammatory myeloid cells and checkpoint receptor expression on T cells. AC inhibitor micelles thus represent an immunotherapeutic measure to counteract melanoma immune escape. The acidic tumour microenvironment in melanoma drives immune evasion by cAMP in tumor-infiltrating monocytes. Here, the authors show that the release of an adenylate cyclase inhibitor from micelles restores antitumor immunity and, when combined with regulatory T cell depletion, leads to remission of established B16-F10-OVA tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Johann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Toszka Bohn
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fatemeh Shahneh
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Natascha Luther
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander Birke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Henriette Jaurich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mark Helm
- Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena K Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Matthias Barz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. .,Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden, Netherlands.
| | - Christian Becker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. .,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany.
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37
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Wu Z, Zhang C, Najafi M. Targeting of the tumor immune microenvironment by metformin. J Cell Commun Signal 2021; 16:333-348. [PMID: 34611852 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-021-00648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating antitumor immunity is an attractive idea for suppressing tumors. CD4 + and CD8 + T cells as well as natural killer cells (NK) are the primary antitumor immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). In contrast to these cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) release several molecules to suppress antitumor immunity and stimulate cancer cell invasion and proliferation. Adjuvant treatment with certain nontoxic agents is interesting to boost antitumor immunity. Metformin, which is known as an antidiabetes drug, can modulate both antitumor and protumor immune cells within TME. It has the ability to induce the proliferation of CD8 + T lymphocytes and NK cells. On the other hand, metformin attenuates polarization toward TAMs, CAFs, and Tregs. Metformin also may stimulate the antitumor activity of immune system cells, while it interrupts the positive cross-talk and interactions between immunosuppressive cells and cancer cells. The purpose of this review is to explain the basic mechanisms for the interactions and communications between immunosuppressive, anti-tumoral, and cancer cells within TME. Next, we discuss the modulating effects of metformin on various cells and secretions in TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihong Wu
- Department of Oncology, The NO.3 People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430033, Hubei, China
| | - Caidie Zhang
- Emergency Department, Wuhan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430014, Hubei, China.
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Medical Technology Research Center, Institute of Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Mkhobongo B, Chandran R, Abrahamse H. The Role of Melanoma Cell-Derived Exosomes (MTEX) and Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) within a Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189726. [PMID: 34575889 PMCID: PMC8465141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic Therapy (PDT), an unconventional cancer therapy with optimistic desirable effects, utilizes the delivery of a photosensitizer (PS) that is activated by light at a particular wavelength and inducing oxidative cytotoxic damage of a tumor and its surrounding vasculature. Deeper seated tumors such as internally metastasized melanomas are more difficult to treat with PDT as the penetration of laser light to those sites is less. Limitations in targeting melanomas can also be attributed to melanin pigments that hinder laser light from reaching targeted sites. Exosomes serve as naturally occurring nanoparticles that can be re-assembled with PSs, improving targeted cellular absorption of photosensitizing agents during PDT. Additionally, studies indicate that exosomes released from PDT-treated tumor cells play a critical role in mediating anti-tumor immune responses. This review collates the role of Melanoma Cell-Derived Exosomes (MTEX) in immune response mediation and metastasis. Tumor Cell-Derived Exosomes (TEX) post PDT treatment are also reviewed, as well as the effects of exosomes as carriers of photosensitizers and delivery systems for PDT. The understanding and research on the role of melanoma exosomes induced by Photodynamic Therapy and their tumor microenvironment will assist in future research in treatment prospects and implications.
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Oh SJ, Noh KH, Song KH, Kim TW. Interaction between SCP3 and JAB1 Confers Cancer Therapeutic Resistance and Stem-like Properties through EGF Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168839. [PMID: 34445562 PMCID: PMC8396186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptonemal complex protein 3 (SCP3), a member of the Cor1 family, has been implicated in cancer progression, and therapeutic resistance, as well as cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties. Previously, we demonstrated that SCP3 promotes these aggressive phenotypes via hyperactivation of the AKT signaling pathway; however, the underlying mechanisms responsible for SCP3-induced AKT activation remain to be elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the EGF-EGFR axis is the primary route through which SCP3 acts to activate AKT signaling. SCP3 triggers the EGFR-AKT pathway through transcriptional activation of EGF. Notably, neutralization of secreted EGF by its specific monoclonal antibody reversed SCP3-mediated aggressive phenotypes with a concomitant reversal of EGFR-AKT activation. In an effort to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying SCP3-induced transcriptional activation of EGF, we identified Jun activation domain-binding protein 1 (JAB1) as a binding partner of SCP3 using a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay system, and we demonstrated that SCP3 induces EGF transcription through physical interaction with JAB1. Thus, our findings establish a firm molecular link among SCP3, EGFR, and AKT by identifying the novel roles of SCP3 in transcriptional regulation. We believe that these findings hold important implications for controlling SCP3high therapeutic-refractory cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Oh
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Noh
- Gene Therapy Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu 42472, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.S.); (T.W.K.); Tel.: +82-053-650-4752 (K.-H.S.); +82-02-2286-1301 (T.W.K.)
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-H.S.); (T.W.K.); Tel.: +82-053-650-4752 (K.-H.S.); +82-02-2286-1301 (T.W.K.)
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Choi B, Kim DH. Multifunctional Nanocarriers‐Mediated Synergistic Combination of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Immunotherapy and Interventional Oncology Therapy. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021; 1. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bongseo Choi
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering McCormick School of Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University Chicago IL 60611 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
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Kim S, Cho H, Hong SO, Oh SJ, Lee HJ, Cho E, Woo SR, Song JS, Chung JY, Son SW, Yoon SM, Jeon YM, Jeon S, Yee C, Lee KM, Hewitt SM, Kim JH, Song KH, Kim TW. LC3B upregulation by NANOG promotes immune resistance and stem-like property through hyperactivation of EGFR signaling in immune-refractory tumor cells. Autophagy 2021; 17:1978-1997. [PMID: 32762616 PMCID: PMC8386750 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1805214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune selection drives tumor cells to acquire refractory phenotypes. We previously demonstrated that cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immune pressure enriches NANOG+ tumor cells with stem-like and immune-refractory properties that make them resistant to CTLs. Here, we report that the emergence of refractory phenotypes is highly associated with an aberrant macroautophagic/autophagic state of the NANOG+ tumor cells and that the autophagic phenotype arises through transcriptional induction of MAP1LC3B/LC3B by NANOG. Furthermore, we found that upregulation of LC3B expression contributes to an increase in EGF secretion. The subsequent hyperactivation of EGFR-AKT signaling rendered NANOG+ tumor cells resistant to CTL killing. The NANOG-LC3B-p-EGFR axis was preserved across various types of human cancer and correlated negatively with the overall survival of cervical cancer patients. Inhibition of LC3B in immune-refractory tumor models rendered tumors susceptible to adoptive T-cell transfer, as well as PDCD1/PD-1 blockade, and led to successful, long-term control of the disease. Thus, our findings demonstrate a novel link among immune-resistance, stem-like phenotypes, and LC3B-mediated autophagic secretion in immune-refractory tumor cells, and implicate the LC3B-p-EGFR axis as a central molecular target for controlling NANOG+ immune-refractory cancer.Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BafA1: bafilomycin A1; CASP3: caspase 3; CFSE: carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester; ChIP: chromatin immunoprecipitation; CI: confidence interval; CIN: cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; CSC: cancer stem cell; CTL: cytotoxic T lymphocyte; EGF: epidermal growth factor; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; FIGO: International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GZMB: granzyme B; HG-CIN: high-grade CIN; IHC: immunohistochemistry; LG-CIN: low-grade CIN; LN: lymph node; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MCL1: myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1; MLANA/MART-1: melanoma antigen recognized by T cells 1; MUT: mutant; NANOG: Nanog homeobox; PDCD1/PD-1: programmed cell death 1; PMEL/gp100: premelanosome protein; RTK: receptor tyrosine kinase; TMA: tissue microarray; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanbyoul Cho
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soon-Oh Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Jin Oh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jung Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunho Cho
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon Rang Woo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon Seon Song
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Yong Chung
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sung Wook Son
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Yoon
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yu-Min Jeon
- Department of Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seunghyun Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cassian Yee
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute of Women’s Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Ho Song
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Kirtane K, Elmariah H, Chung CH, Abate-Daga D. Adoptive cellular therapy in solid tumor malignancies: review of the literature and challenges ahead. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002723. [PMID: 34301811 PMCID: PMC8311333 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
While immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have ushered in major changes in standards of care for many solid tumor malignancies, primary and acquired resistance is common. Insufficient antitumor T cells, inadequate function of these cells, and impaired formation of memory T cells all contribute to resistance mechanisms to ICI. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) is a form of immunotherapy that is rapidly growing in clinical investigation and has the potential to overcome these limitations by its ability to augment the number, specificity, and reactivity of T cells against tumor tissue. ACT has revolutionized the treatment of hematologic malignancies, though the use of ACT in solid tumor malignancies is still in its early stages. There are currently three major modalities of ACT: tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), genetically engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. TIL therapy involves expansion of a heterogeneous population of endogenous T cells found in a harvested tumor, while TCRs and CAR T cells involve expansion of a genetically engineered T-cell directed toward specific antigen targets. In this review, we explore the potential of ACT as a treatment modality against solid tumors, discuss their advantages and limitations against solid tumor malignancies, discuss the promising therapies under active investigation, and examine future directions for this rapidly growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Kirtane
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hany Elmariah
- Department of Blood and Marrow Transplant and Cellular Immunotherapy, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Christine H Chung
- Department of Head and Neck-Endocrine Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel Abate-Daga
- Departments of Immunology, Cutaneous Oncology, and Gastrointestinal Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA
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Vlachonikola E, Stamatopoulos K, Chatzidimitriou A. T Cell Defects and Immunotherapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3255. [PMID: 34209724 PMCID: PMC8268526 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, independent studies have highlighted the relevance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in cancer, revealing a great variety of TME-related predictive markers, as well as identifying novel therapeutic targets in the TME. Cancer immunotherapy targets different components of the immune system and the TME at large in order to reinforce effector mechanisms or relieve inhibitory and suppressive signaling. Currently, it constitutes a clinically validated treatment for many cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an incurable malignancy of mature B lymphocytes with great dependency on microenvironmental signals. Although immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic option with encouraging results in CLL, the dysfunctional T cell compartment remains a major obstacle in such approaches. In the scope of this review, we outline the current immunotherapeutic treatment options in CLL in the light of recent immunogenetic and functional evidence of T cell impairment. We also highlight possible approaches for overcoming T cell defects and invigorating potent anti-tumor immune responses that would enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisavet Vlachonikola
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.V.); (K.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Stamatopoulos
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.V.); (K.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anastasia Chatzidimitriou
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Applied Biosciences, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.V.); (K.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
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Anwar MY, Williams GR, Paluri RK. CAR T Cell Therapy in Pancreaticobiliary Cancers: a Focused Review of Clinical Data. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 52:1-10. [PMID: 32700185 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-020-00457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CAR T cell therapy is an innovative approach to treat cancers in the modern era. It utilizes the application of chimeric antigen receptors targeted against specific antigens expressed by the tumor cells. Although its efficacy is established in hematological malignancies, the safety and efficacy of this therapy in solid tumors, especially pancreaticobiliary cancers, is a highly investigated aspect. A focused review of clinical data was conducted to examine the outcomes of this therapy in pancreaticobiliary cancers. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was done on Medline and Embase databases through April 24, 2020 for studies that evaluated the outcomes of CAR T cell therapy in pancreaticobiliary cancers. RESULTS There were six phase 1 trials, while one was phase 1/2. Some of these trials were specifically done for pancreaticobiliary cancers, while others included patients of various solid organ cancers, including pancreatic and biliary tract cancers. The target antigens for therapy in these trials included mesothelin, CD133, prostate stem cell antigen, claudin 18.2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. CAR T cell therapy has shown very few grade 3 and 4 side effects. Most of the adverse events are associated with cytokine release syndrome. CONCLUSION CAR T cell therapy has a manageable safety profile based on phase 1 studies, and efficacy assessments are currently ongoing in dose expansion and phase 2 studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grant R Williams
- O'Neil Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ravi K Paluri
- O'Neil Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Bravaccini S, Bronte G, Ulivi P. TMB in NSCLC: A Broken Dream? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126536. [PMID: 34207126 PMCID: PMC8234326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the treatment paradigm of a variety of cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer, not all patients respond to immunotherapy in the same way. Predictive biomarkers for patient selection are thus needed. Tumor mutation burden (TMB), defined as the total number of somatic/acquired mutations per coding area of a tumor genome (Mut/Mb), has emerged as a potential predictive biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We found that the limited use of TMB in clinical practice is due to the difficulty in its detection and compounded by several different biological, methodological and economic issues. The incorporation of both TMB and PD-L1 expression or other biomarkers into multivariable predictive models could result in greater predictive power.
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Qin H, Zhao R, Qin Y, Zhu J, Chen L, Di C, Han X, Cheng K, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Shi J, Anderson GJ, Zhao Y, Nie G. Development of a Cancer Vaccine Using In Vivo Click-Chemistry-Mediated Active Lymph Node Accumulation for Improved Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006007. [PMID: 33792097 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to their ability to elicit a potent immune reaction with low systemic toxicity, cancer vaccines represent a promising strategy for treating tumors. Considerable effort has been directed toward improving the in vivo efficacy of cancer vaccines, with direct lymph node (LN) targeting being the most promising approach. Here, a click-chemistry-based active LN accumulation system (ALAS) is developed by surface modification of lymphatic endothelial cells with an azide group, which provide targets for dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-modified liposomes, to improve the delivery of encapsulated antigen and adjuvant to LNs. When loading with OVA257-264 peptide and poly(I:C), the formulation elicits an enhanced CD8+ T cell response in vivo, resulting in a much more efficient therapeutic effect and prolonged median survival of mice. Compared to treatment with DBCO-conjugated liposomes (DL)-Ag/Ad without the azide targeting, the percent survival of ALAS-vaccine-treated mice improves by 100% over 60 days. Altogether, the findings indicate that the novel ALAS approach is a powerful strategy to deliver vaccine components to LNs for enhanced antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruifang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, 510700, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Long Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunzhi Di
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuexiang Han
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Keman Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, 510700, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, China, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangdong, 510700, China
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Edeline J, Houot R, Marabelle A, Alcantara M. CAR-T cells and BiTEs in solid tumors: challenges and perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:65. [PMID: 33874996 PMCID: PMC8054411 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells and BiTEs are both immunotherapies which redirect T cell specificity against a tumor-specific antigen through the use of antibody fragments. They demonstrated remarkable efficacy in B cell hematologic malignancies, thus paving the way for their development in solid tumors. Nonetheless, the use of such new drugs to treat solid tumors is not straightforward. So far, the results from early phase clinical trials are not as impressive as expected but many improvements are under way. In this review we present an overview of the clinical development of CAR-T cells and BiTEs targeting the main antigens expressed by solid tumors. We emphasize the most frequent hurdles encountered by either CAR-T cells or BiTEs, or both, and summarize the strategies that have been proposed to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Edeline
- Medical Oncology, Centre Eugène Marquis, University of Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | - Roch Houot
- Department of Hematology, CHU Rennes, INSERM U1236, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Département d'Innovation Thérapeutique et d'Essais Précoces (DITEP), INSERM U1015, INSERM CIC1428, Université Paris Saclay, Gustave Roussy, France
| | - Marion Alcantara
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France.
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Immune profiles in acute myeloid leukemia bone marrow associate with patient age, T-cell receptor clonality, and survival. Blood Adv 2021; 4:274-286. [PMID: 31968078 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunologic microenvironment in various solid tumors is aberrant and correlates with clinical survival. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the immune environment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) bone marrow (BM) at diagnosis. We compared the immunologic landscape of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded BM trephine samples from AML (n = 69), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML; n = 56), and B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) patients (n = 52) at diagnosis to controls (n = 12) with 30 immunophenotype markers using multiplex immunohistochemistry and computerized image analysis. We identified distinct immunologic profiles specific for leukemia subtypes and controls enabling accurate classification of AML (area under the curve [AUC] = 1.0), CML (AUC = 0.99), B-ALL (AUC = 0.96), and control subjects (AUC = 1.0). Interestingly, 2 major immunologic AML clusters differing in age, T-cell receptor clonality, and survival were discovered. A low proportion of regulatory T cells and pSTAT1+cMAF- monocytes were identified as novel biomarkers of superior event-free survival in intensively treated AML patients. Moreover, we demonstrated that AML BM and peripheral blood samples are dissimilar in terms of immune cell phenotypes. To conclude, our study shows that the immunologic landscape considerably varies by leukemia subtype suggesting disease-specific immunoregulation. Furthermore, the association of the AML immune microenvironment with clinical parameters suggests a rationale for including immunologic parameters to improve disease classification or even patient risk stratification.
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Yang Y, Yue S, Qiao Y, Zhang P, Jiang N, Ning Z, Liu C, Hou Y. Activable Multi-Modal Nanoprobes for Imaging Diagnosis and Therapy of Tumors. Front Chem 2021; 8:572471. [PMID: 33912535 PMCID: PMC8075363 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.572471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors have become one of the major causes of human death, but there remains a lack of effective methods for tiny tumor diagnosis, metastasis warning, clinical efficacy prediction, and effective treatment. In this context, localizing tiny tumors via imaging and non-invasively extracting molecular information related to tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance from the tumor microenvironment have become the most fundamental tasks faced by cancer researchers. Tumor-associated microenvironmental physiological parameters, such as hypoxia, acidic extracellular pH, protease, reducing conditions, and so forth, have much to do with prognostic indicators for cancer progression, and impact therapeutic administrations. By combining with various novel nanoparticle-based activatable probes, molecular imaging technologies can provide a feasible approach to visualize tumor-associated microenvironment parameters noninvasively and realize accurate treatment of tumors. This review focuses on the recent achievements in the design of “smart” nanomedicine responding to the tumor microenvironment-related features and highlights state-of- the-art technology in tumor imaging diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Saisai Yue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Peisen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ni Jiang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenbo Ning
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Hou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Colloid, Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Massagué J, Ganesh K. Metastasis-Initiating Cells and Ecosystems. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:971-994. [PMID: 33811127 PMCID: PMC8030695 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is initiated and sustained through therapy by cancer cells with stem-like and immune-evasive properties, termed metastasis-initiating cells (MIC). Recent progress suggests that MICs result from the adoption of a normal regenerative progenitor phenotype by malignant cells, a phenotype with intrinsic programs to survive the stresses of the metastatic process, undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, enter slow-cycling states for dormancy, evade immune surveillance, establish supportive interactions with organ-specific niches, and co-opt systemic factors for growth and recurrence after therapy. Mechanistic understanding of the molecular mediators of MIC phenotypes and host tissue ecosystems could yield cancer therapeutics to improve patient outcomes. SIGNIFICANCE: Understanding the origins, traits, and vulnerabilities of progenitor cancer cells with the capacity to initiate metastasis in distant organs, and the host microenvironments that support the ability of these cells to evade immune surveillance and regenerate the tumor, is critical for developing strategies to improve the prevention and treatment of advanced cancer. Leveraging recent progress in our understanding of the metastatic process, here we review the nature of MICs and their ecosystems and offer a perspective on how this knowledge is informing innovative treatments of metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Massagué
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York.
| | - Karuna Ganesh
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York.
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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