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Vendel AC, Jaroszewski L, Linnik MD, Godzik A. B- and T-Lymphocyte Attenuator in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Pathogenesis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2024; 116:247-256. [PMID: 38676311 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA; CD272) is an immunoglobulin superfamily member and part of a family of checkpoint inhibitory receptors that negatively regulate immune cell activation. The natural ligand for BTLA is herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM; TNFRSF14), and binding of HVEM to BTLA leads to attenuation of lymphocyte activation. In this study, we evaluated the role of BTLA and HVEM expression in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a multisystem autoimmune disease. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers (N = 7) were evaluated by mass cytometry by time-of-flight to establish baseline expression of BTLA and HVEM on human lymphocytes compared with patients with SLE during a self-reported flare (N = 5). High levels of BTLA protein were observed on B cells, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, and plasmacytoid dendritic cells in healthy participants. HVEM protein levels were lower in patients with SLE compared with healthy participants, while BTLA levels were similar between SLE and healthy groups. Correlations of BTLA-HVEM hub genes' expression with patient and disease characteristics were also analyzed using whole blood gene expression data from patients with SLE (N = 1,760) and compared with healthy participants (N = 60). HVEM, being one of the SLE-associated genes, showed an exceptionally strong negative association with disease activity. Several other genes in the BTLA-HVEM signaling network were strongly (negative or positive) correlated, while BTLA had a low association with disease activity. Collectively, these data provide a clinical rationale for targeting BTLA with an agonist in SLE patients with low HVEM expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukasz Jaroszewski
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
| | | | - Adam Godzik
- University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, California, USA
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2
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Wojciechowicz K, Spodzieja M, Wardowska A. The BTLA-HVEM complex - The future of cancer immunotherapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 268:116231. [PMID: 38387336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The BTLA-HVEM complex plays a pivotal role in cancer and cancer immunotherapy by regulating immune responses. Dysregulation of BTLA and HVEM expression contributes to immunosuppression and tumor progression across various cancer types. Targeting the interaction between BTLA and HVEM holds promise for enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Disruption of this complex presents a valuable avenue for advancing cancer immunotherapy strategies. Aberrant expression of BTLA and HVEM adversely affects immune cell function, particularly T cells, exacerbating tumor evasion mechanisms. Understanding and modulating the BTLA-HVEM axis represents a crucial aspect of designing effective immunotherapeutic interventions against cancer. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the structure and function of BTLA and HVEM, along with their interaction with each other and various immune partners. Moreover, the expression of soluble and transmembrane forms of BTLA and HVEM in different types of cancer and their impact on the prognosis of patients is also discussed. Additionally, inhibitors of the proteins binding that might be used to block BTLA-HVEM interaction are reviewed. All the presented data highlight the plausible clinical application of BTLA-HVEM targeted therapies in cancer and autoimmune disease management. However, further studies are required to confirm the practical use of this concept. Despite the increasing number of reports on the BTLA-HVEM complex, many aspects of its biology and function still need to be elucidated. This review can be regarded as an encouragement and a guide to follow the path of BTLA-HVEM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojciechowicz
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Marta Spodzieja
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Department of Physiopathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland.
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3
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Gao Z, Azar J, Zhu H, Williams-Perez S, Kang SW, Marginean C, Rubinstein MP, Makawita S, Lee HS, Camp ER. Translational and oncologic significance of tertiary lymphoid structures in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324093. [PMID: 38361928 PMCID: PMC10867206 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive tumor with poor survival and limited treatment options. PDAC resistance to immunotherapeutic strategies is multifactorial, but partially owed to an immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TiME). However, the PDAC TiME is heterogeneous and harbors favorable tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) populations. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are organized aggregates of immune cells that develop within non-lymphoid tissue under chronic inflammation in multiple contexts, including cancers. Our current understanding of their role within the PDAC TiME remains limited; TLS are complex structures with multiple anatomic features such as location, density, and maturity that may impact clinical outcomes such as survival and therapy response in PDAC. Similarly, our understanding of methods to manipulate TLS is an actively developing field of research. TLS may function as anti-tumoral immune niches that can be leveraged as a therapeutic strategy to potentiate both existing chemotherapeutic regimens and potentiate future immune-based therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. This review seeks to cover anatomy, relevant features, immune effects, translational significance, and future directions of understanding TLS within the context of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Gao
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joseph Azar
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Huili Zhu
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sophia Williams-Perez
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sung Wook Kang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Systems Onco-Immunology Laboratory, David J. Sugarbaker Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Celia Marginean
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mark P. Rubinstein
- The Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Shalini Makawita
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Hyun-Sung Lee
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Systems Onco-Immunology Laboratory, David J. Sugarbaker Division of Thoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - E. Ramsay Camp
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Baylor College of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Loh SN, Anthony IR, Gavor E, Lim XS, Kini RM, Mok YK, Sivaraman J. Recognition of Aedes aegypti Mosquito Saliva Protein LTRIN by the Human Receptor LTβR for Controlling the Immune Response. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:42. [PMID: 38248473 PMCID: PMC10813304 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Salivary proteins from mosquitoes have received significant attention lately due to their potential to develop therapeutic treatments or vaccines for mosquito-borne diseases. Here, we report the characterization of LTRIN (lymphotoxin beta receptor inhibitor), a salivary protein known to enhance the pathogenicity of ZIKV by interrupting the LTβR-initiated NF-κB signaling pathway and, therefore, diminish the immune responses. We demonstrated that the truncated C-terminal LTRIN (ΔLTRIN) is a dimeric protein with a stable alpha helix-dominant secondary structure, which possibly aids in withstanding the temperature fluctuations during blood-feeding events. ΔLTRIN possesses two Ca2+ binding EF-hand domains, with the second EF-hand motif playing a more significant role in interacting with LTβR. Additionally, we mapped the primary binding regions of ΔLTRIN on LTβR using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and identified that 91QEKAHIAEHMDVPIDTSKMSEQELQFHY118 from the N-terminal of ΔLTRIN is the major interacting region. Together, our studies provide insight into the recognition of LTRIN by LTβR. This finding may aid in a future therapeutic and transmission-blocking vaccine development against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ning Loh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (S.N.L.)
| | - Ian Russell Anthony
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (S.N.L.)
| | - Edem Gavor
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (S.N.L.)
| | - Xin Shan Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (S.N.L.)
| | - R. Manjunatha Kini
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (S.N.L.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Yu Keung Mok
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (S.N.L.)
| | - J. Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; (S.N.L.)
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Guo Y, Bao J, Lin D, Hong K, Cen K, Sun J, Wang Z, Wu Z. Novel immune checkpoint-related gene model to predict prognosis and treatment responsiveness in low-grade gliomas. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20178. [PMID: 37809899 PMCID: PMC10559968 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, studies have shown that immune checkpoint-related genes (ICGs) are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis and can be regarded as potential therapeutic targets. However, the prognostic applications of ICGs require further elucidation in low-grade glioma (LGG) cases. In the present study, a unique prognostic gene signature in LGG has been identified and validated as well based on ICGs as a means of facilitating clinical decision-making. The RNA-seq data as well as corresponding clinical data of LGG samples have been retrieved utilizing the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. ICG-defined non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) clustering was performed to categorize patients with LGG into two molecular subtypes with different prognoses, clinical traits, and immune microenvironments. In the TCGA database, a signature integrating 8 genes has been developed utilizing the LASSO Cox method and validated in the GEO database. The signature developed is superior to other well-recognized signatures in terms of predicting the survival probability of patients with LGG. This 8-gene signature was then subsequently applied to categorize patients into high- and low-risk groups, and differences between them in terms of gene alteration frequency were observed. There were remarkable variations in IDH1 (91% and 64%) across low-as well as high-risk groups. Additionally, various analyses like function enrichment, tumor immune microenvironment, and chemotherapy drug sensitivity revealed significant variations across high- and low-risk populations. Overall, this 8-gene signature may function as a useful tool for prognosis and immunotherapy outcome predictions among LGG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxia Bao
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfeng Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kenan Cen
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Ningbo University, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315020, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhepei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhixuan Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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Kuncewicz K, Bojko M, Battin C, Karczyńska A, Sieradzan A, Sikorska E, Węgrzyn K, Wojciechowicz K, Wardowska A, Steinberger P, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Spodzieja M. BTLA-derived peptides as inhibitors of BTLA/HVEM complex formation - design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115161. [PMID: 37473684 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints can be divided into co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules that regulate the activation and effector functions of T cells. The co-inhibitory pathways mediated by ICPs are used by cancer cells to escape from immune surveillance, and therefore the blockade of these receptor/ligand interactions is one of the strategies used in the treatment of cancer. The two main pathways currently under investigation are CTLA-4/CD80/CD86 and PD-1/PD-L1, and the monoclonal Abs targeting them have shown potent immunomodulatory effects and activity in clinical environments. Another interesting target in cancer treatment is the BTLA/HVEM complex. Binding of BTLA protein on T cells to HVEM on cancer cells leads to inhibition of T cell proliferation and cytokine production. In the presented work, we focused on blocking the HVEM protein using BTLA-derived peptides. Based on the crystal structure of the BTLA/HVEM complex and MM/GBSA analysis performed here, we designed and synthesized peptides, specifically fragments of BTLA protein. We subsequently checked the inhibitory capacities of these compounds using ELISA and a cellular reporter platform. Two of these peptides, namely BTLA(35-43) and BTLA(33-64)C58Abu displayed the most promising properties, and we therefore performed further studies to evaluate their affinity to HVEM protein, their stability in plasma and their effect on viability of human PBMCs. In addition, the 3D structure for the peptide BTLA(33-64)C58Abu was determined using NMR. Obtained data confirmed that the BTLA-derived peptides could be the basis for future drugs and their immunomodulatory potential merits further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kuncewicz
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bojko
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Claire Battin
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Karczyńska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adam Sieradzan
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Emilia Sikorska
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Węgrzyn
- University of Gdańsk, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology of the University of Gdańsk and the Medical University of Gdańsk, Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Wojciechowicz
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Physiopathology, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Wardowska
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Department of Physiopathology, Dębinki 7, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Medical University of Vienna, Institute of Immunology, Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Lazarettgasse 19, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Marta Spodzieja
- University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Chemistry, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
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7
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Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, Granda-Díaz R, Martínez-Pérez A, Aguilar-García C, Rodrigo JP, García-Pedrero JM, Gonzalez S. Beyond the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 era: promising role of the BTLA/HVEM axis as a future target for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:142. [PMID: 37649037 PMCID: PMC10466776 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints to harness antitumor immunity has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape. The therapeutic success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based therapies mainly relies on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade. However, the limited overall responses and lack of reliable predictive biomarkers of patient´s response are major pitfalls limiting immunotherapy success. Hence, this reflects the compelling need of unveiling novel targets for immunotherapy that allow to expand the spectrum of ICB-based strategies to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy and benefit for cancer patients. This review thoroughly dissects current molecular and functional knowledge of BTLA/HVEM axis and the future perspectives to become a target for cancer immunotherapy. BTLA/HVEM dysregulation is commonly found and linked to poor prognosis in solid and hematological malignancies. Moreover, circulating BTLA has been revealed as a blood-based predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response in various cancers. On this basis, BTLA/HVEM axis emerges as a novel promising target for cancer immunotherapy. This prompted rapid development and clinical testing of the anti-BTLA blocking antibody Tifcemalimab/icatolimab as the first BTLA-targeted therapy in various ongoing phase I clinical trials with encouraging results on preliminary efficacy and safety profile as monotherapy and combined with other anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the intricate signaling network constituted by BTLA/HVEM/CD160/LIGHT involved in immune response regulation, tumor development and tumor microenvironment could limit therapeutic success. Therefore, in-depth functional characterization in different cancer settings is highly recommended for adequate design and implementation of BTLA-targeted therapies to guarantee the best clinical outcomes to benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Candelaria Aguilar-García
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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8
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Esparcia-Pinedo L, Romero-Laorden N, Alfranca A. Tertiary lymphoid structures and B lymphocytes: a promising therapeutic strategy to fight cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231315. [PMID: 37622111 PMCID: PMC10445545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are clusters of lymphoid cells with an organization that resembles that of secondary lymphoid organs. Both structures share common developmental characteristics, although TLSs usually appear in chronically inflamed non-lymphoid tissues, such as tumors. TLSs contain diverse types of immune cells, with varying degrees of spatial organization that represent different stages of maturation. These structures support both humoral and cellular immune responses, thus the correlation between the existence of TLS and clinical outcomes in cancer patients has been extensively studied. The finding that TLSs are associated with better prognosis in some types of cancer has led to the design of therapeutic strategies based on promoting the formation of these structures. Agents such as chemokines, cytokines, antibodies and cancer vaccines have been used in combination with traditional antitumor treatments to enhance TLS generation, with good results. The induction of TLS formation therefore represents a novel and promising avenue for the treatment of a number of tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Esparcia-Pinedo
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nuria Romero-Laorden
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Fundación Instituto Roche de Medicina Personalizada de Precisión, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arantzazu Alfranca
- Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Cátedra Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM)-Fundación Instituto Roche de Medicina Personalizada de Precisión, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular, CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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9
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LIGHT Amplification by NF- κB Contributes to TLR3 Signaling Pathway-Induced Acute Hepatitis. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:3732315. [PMID: 36654880 PMCID: PMC9842417 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3732315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
LIGHT is a member of the TNF superfamily and a proinflammatory cytokine involved in liver pathogenesis. Many liver diseases involve activation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which is activated by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). However, the involvement of LIGHT in TLR3 implicated liver diseases is not clear. In this study, we investigated the role of LIGHT in TLR3 involved liver pathogenesis by using a mouse model of TLR3 agonist poly(I:C)-induced hepatitis. We found LIGHT expression at both protein and mRNA level in liver tissues is dramatically increased during the course of poly(I:C)-induced liver injury. This induction depends on NF-κB activation as pretreating the mice with a NF-κB inhibitor abrogates LIGHT upregulation. Importantly, blockade of the LIGHT signaling pathway with the recombinant LIGHT receptor HVEM protein ameliorates liver injury in poly(I:C)-induced hepatitis. Conclusions. These results indicate that LIGHT amplification by NF-κB plays a significant role in TLR3 involved hepatitis and points LIGHT to be a potential drug target for liver disease therapy.
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10
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Hou Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Chen C. Dual Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor Superfamily 14 in Antiviral Immunity. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:579-585. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2022.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Hou
- Academy of Medical Laboratory, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Six Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Academy of Medical Laboratory, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Six Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Changguo Chen
- Academy of Medical Laboratory, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou City, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Six Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P.R. China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Han M, Sun Y, Zhao W, Xiang G, Wang X, Jiang Z, Xue Z, Zhou W. Comprehensive characterization of TNFSF14/LIGHT with implications in prognosis and immunotherapy of human gliomas. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025286. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a common central neural system malignant tumor among adults. Alongside its microscopic spread, immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment also induces its refractoriness, which makes immunotherapy for GBM particularly important. Unfortunately, traditional immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) often show limited therapeutic effects in GBM clinical trials, and new therapeutic strategies or targets are urgently needed. TNFSF14/LIGHT is a novel immune checkpoint molecule that plays essential roles in both innate and acquired immunity. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the function of TNFSF14/LIGHT in a variety of cancer types, the clinical and immunological importance of TNFSF14/LIGHT in human gliomas has not been fully explained. Here, we employed a comprehensive in silico analysis with publicly available data to analyze the molecular and immune characteristics of TNFSF14/LIGHT to explore its feasibility as an immunotherapy target. Totally, 2215 glioma cases were enrolled in the current study. Immunohistochemistry staining based on patient tissues (n = 34) was performed for the validation. TNFSF14/LIGHT was expressed higher in higher-WHO-grade gliomas and mesenchymal subtypes, and it was sensitive as a prognostic marker in GBM and low-grade glioma (LGG). A nomogram prognostic model was established based on TNFSF14/LIGHT expression together with other risk factors. Additionally, Gene Ontology and pathway analysis revealed that TNFSF14/LIGHT participated in T-cell activities and inflammatory processes. Moreover, analysis based on the structure and interactions of TNFSF14/LIGHT revealed its mutation sites in tumors as well as crucial interacting proteins. Analysis of IMvigor210 indicated the role of TNFSF14/LIGHT in immunotherapy. Altogether, our results reveal an underlying role of TNFSF14/LIGHT as an immunotherapy target in GBM.
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12
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HSV-1 Infection of Epithelial Dendritic Cells Is a Critical Strategy for Interfering with Antiviral Immunity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051046. [PMID: 35632787 PMCID: PMC9147763 DOI: 10.3390/v14051046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), an α subgroup member of the human herpesvirus family, infects cells via the binding of its various envelope glycoproteins to cellular membrane receptors, one of which is herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM), expressed on dendritic cells. Here, HVEM gene-deficient mice were used to investigate the immunologic effect elicited by the HSV-1 infection of dendritic cells. Dendritic cells expressing the surface marker CD11c showed an abnormal biological phenotype, including the altered transcription of various immune signaling molecules and inflammatory factors associated with innate immunity after viral replication. Furthermore, the viral infection of dendritic cells interfered with dendritic cell function in the lymph nodes, where these cells normally play roles in activating the T-cell response. Additionally, the mild clinicopathological manifestations observed during the acute phase of HSV-1 infection were associated with viral replication in dendritic cells.
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13
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Shrestha R, Garrett-Thomson S, Liu W, Almo SC, Fiser A. Allosteric regulation of binding specificity of HVEM for CD160 and BTLA ligands upon G89F mutation. Curr Res Struct Biol 2021; 3:337-345. [PMID: 34917954 PMCID: PMC8666650 DOI: 10.1016/j.crstbi.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular interactions mediated by engagement of the Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) with members of TNF and Ig superfamily generate distinct signals in T cell activation pathways that modulate inflammatory and inhibitory responses. HVEM interacts with CD160 and B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), both members of the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily, which share a common binding site that is unique from that of LIGHT, a TNF ligand. BTLA or CD160 engagement with HVEM deliver inhibitory or stimulatory signals to the host immune response in a context dependent fashion, whereas HVEM engagement with LIGHT results in pro-inflammatory responses. We identified a mutation in human HVEM, G89F, which directly interferes with the human LIGHT interaction, but interestingly, also differentially modulates the binding of human BTLA and CD160 via an apparent allosteric mechanism involving recognition surfaces remote from the site of the mutation. Specifically, the G89F mutation enhances binding of CD160, while decreasing that of BTLA to HVEM in cell-based assays. Molecular dynamics simulations for wild-type and G89F mutant HVEM, bound to different sets of ligands, were performed to define the molecular basis of this unexpected allosteric effect. These results were leveraged to design additional human HVEM mutants with altered binding specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojan Shrestha
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Sarah Garrett-Thomson
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Andras Fiser
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
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14
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Lan Y, Zhao E, Zhang X, Zhu X, Wan L, A S, Ping Y, Wang Y. Prognostic impact of a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature in GBM based on transcriptome analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12070. [PMID: 34527446 PMCID: PMC8401751 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly, malignant tumor of the primary central nervous system. Patients diagnosed with this type of tumor have a poor prognosis. Lymphocyte activation plays important roles in the development of cancers and its therapeutic treatments. Objective We sought to identify an efficient lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature that could predict the progression and prognosis of GBM. Methods We used univariate Cox proportional hazards regression and stepwise regression algorithm to develop a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature in the training dataset (TCGA, n = 525). Then, the signature was validated in two datasets, including GSE16011 (n = 150) and GSE13041 (n = 191) using the Kaplan Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to adjust for clinicopathological factors. Results We identified a lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature (TCF3, IGFBP2, TYRO3 and NOD2) in the training dataset and classified the patients into high-risk and low-risk groups with significant differences in overall survival (median survival 15.33 months vs 12.57 months, HR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.28-1.87], log-rank test P < 0.001). This signature showed similar prognostic values in the other two datasets. Further, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models analysis indicated that the signature was an independent prognostic factor for GBM patients. Moreover, we determined that there were differences in lymphocyte activity between the high- and low-risk groups of GBM patients among all datasets. Furthermore, the lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature could significantly predict the survival of patients with certain features, including IDH-wildtype patients and patients undergoing radiotherapy. In addition, the signature may also improve the prognostic power of age. Conclusions In summary, our results suggested that the lymphocyte activation-associated gene signature is a promising factor for the survival of patients, which is helpful for the prognosis of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Lan
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Erjie Zhao
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojing Zhu
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Linyun Wan
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Suru A
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yanyan Ping
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Harbin Medical University, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin, China
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15
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Kang W, Feng Z, Luo J, He Z, Liu J, Wu J, Rong P. Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Cancer: The Double-Edged Sword Role in Antitumor Immunity and Potential Therapeutic Induction Strategies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689270. [PMID: 34394083 PMCID: PMC8358404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a vital role in cancer development and dramatically determines the efficacy of immunotherapy. Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) within the TME are well recognized and consist of T cell-rich areas containing dendritic cells (DCs) and B cell-rich areas containing germinal centers (GCs). Accumulating research has indicated that there is a close association between tumor-associated TLSs and favorable clinical outcomes in most types of cancers, though a minority of studies have reported an association between TLSs and a poor prognosis. Overall, the double-edged sword role of TLSs in the TME and potential mechanisms need to be further investigated, which will provide novel therapeutic perspectives for antitumor immunoregulation. In this review, we focus on discussing the main functions of TLSs in the TME and recent advances in the therapeutic manipulation of TLSs through multiple strategies to enhance local antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Kang
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhichao Feng
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianwei Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhu He
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhen Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Sorg UR, Küpper N, Mock J, Tersteegen A, Petzsch P, Köhrer K, Hehlgans T, Pfeffer K. Lymphotoxin-β-receptor (LTβR) signaling on hepatocytes is required for liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1147-1154. [PMID: 34087963 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin-β-receptor deficient (LTβR-/-) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor p55 deficient (TNFRp55-/-) mice show defects in liver regeneration (LR) after partial hepatectomy (PHx) with significantly increased mortality. LTβR and TNFRp55 belong to the core members of the TNF/TNFR superfamily. Interestingly, combined failure of LTβR and TNFRp55 signaling after PHx leads to a complete defect in LR. Here, we first addressed the question which liver cell population crucially requires LTβR signaling for efficient LR. To this end, mice with a conditionally targeted LTβR allele (LTβRfl/fl) were crossed to AlbuminCre and LysozymeMCre mouse lines to unravel the function of the LTβR on hepatocytes and monocytes/macrophages/Kupffer cells, respectively. Analysis of these mouse lines clearly reveals that LTβR is required on hepatocytes for efficient LR while no deficit in LR was found in LTβRfl/fl × LysMCre mice. Second, the molecular basis for the cooperating role of LTβR and TNFRp55 signaling pathways in LR was investigated by transcriptome analysis of etanercept treated LTβR-/- (LTβR-/-/ET) mice. Bioinformatic analysis and subsequent verification by qRT-PCR identified novel target genes (Cyclin-L2, Fas-Binding factor 1, interferon-related developmental regulator 1, Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase 2, and galectin-4) that are upregulated by LTβR/TNFRp55 signaling after PHx and fail to be upregulated after PHx in LTβR-/-/ET mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula R Sorg
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicole Küpper
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Mock
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Tersteegen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Otto von Guericke University, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Hehlgans
- Regensburg Center for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg University, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Aoyama S, Nakagawa R, Mulé JJ, Mailloux AW. Inducible Tertiary Lymphoid Structures: Promise and Challenges for Translating a New Class of Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:675538. [PMID: 34054863 PMCID: PMC8160316 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.675538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopically formed aggregates of organized lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells that occur in solid tissues as part of a chronic inflammation response. Sharing structural and functional characteristics with conventional secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) including discrete T cell zones, B cell zones, marginal zones with antigen presenting cells, reticular stromal networks, and high endothelial venues (HEV), TLS are prominent centers of antigen presentation and adaptive immune activation within the periphery. TLS share many signaling axes and leukocyte recruitment schemes with SLO regarding their formation and function. In cancer, their presence confers positive prognostic value across a wide spectrum of indications, spurring interest in their artificial induction as either a new form of immunotherapy, or as a means to augment other cell or immunotherapies. Here, we review approaches for inducible (iTLS) that utilize chemokines, inflammatory factors, or cellular analogues vital to TLS formation and that often mirror conventional SLO organogenesis. This review also addresses biomaterials that have been or might be suitable for iTLS, and discusses remaining challenges facing iTLS manufacturing approaches for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Aoyama
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nakagawa
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James J. Mulé
- Immunology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
- Cutaneous Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Adam W. Mailloux
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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18
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Filderman JN, Appleman M, Chelvanambi M, Taylor JL, Storkus WJ. STINGing the Tumor Microenvironment to Promote Therapeutic Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690105. [PMID: 34054879 PMCID: PMC8155498 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), also known as ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) or tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO), represent a unique subset of lymphoid tissues noted for their architectural similarity to lymph nodes, but which conditionally form in peripheral tissues in a milieu of sustained inflammation. TLS serve as regional sites for induction and expansion of the host B and T cell repertoires via an operational paradigm involving mature dendritic cells (DC) and specialized endothelial cells (i.e. high endothelial venules; HEV) in a process directed by TLS-associated cytokines and chemokines. Recent clinical correlations have been reported for the presence of TLS within tumor biopsies with overall patient survival and responsiveness to interventional immunotherapy. Hence, therapeutic strategies to conditionally reinforce TLS formation within the tumor microenvironment (TME) via the targeting of DC, vascular endothelial cells (VEC) and local cytokine/chemokine profiles are actively being developed and tested in translational tumor models and early phase clinical trials. In this regard, a subset of agents that promote tumor vascular normalization (VN) have been observed to coordinately support the development of a pro-inflammatory TME, maturation of DC and VEC, local production of TLS-inducing cytokines and chemokines, and therapeutic TLS formation. This mini-review will focus on STING agonists, which were originally developed as anti-angiogenic agents, but which have recently been shown to be effective in promoting VN and TLS formation within the therapeutic TME. Future application of these drugs in combination immunotherapy approaches for greater therapeutic efficacy is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Filderman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mark Appleman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Manoj Chelvanambi
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer L Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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19
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Zhai Y, Moosavi R, Chen M. Immune Checkpoints, a Novel Class of Therapeutic Targets for Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645699. [PMID: 33968036 PMCID: PMC8097144 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes, are the outcomes of a failure of immune tolerance. Immune tolerance is sustained through interplays between two inter-dependent clusters of immune activities: immune stimulation and immune regulation. The mechanisms of immune regulation are exploited as therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. One of these mechanisms is immune checkpoints (ICPs). The roles of ICPs in maintaining immune tolerance and hence suppressing autoimmunity were revealed in animal models and validated by the clinical successes of ICP-targeted therapeutics for autoimmune diseases. Recently, these roles were highlighted by the clinical discovery that the blockade of ICPs causes autoimmune disorders. Given the crucial roles of ICPs in immune tolerance, it is plausible to leverage ICPs as a group of therapeutic targets to restore immune tolerance and treat autoimmune diseases. In this review, we first summarize working mechanisms of ICPs, particularly those that have been utilized for therapeutic development. Then, we recount the agents and approaches that were developed to target ICPs and treat autoimmune disorders. These agents take forms of fusion proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, and cells. We also review and discuss safety information for these therapeutics. We wrap up this review by providing prospects for the development of ICP-targeting therapeutics. In summary, the ever-increasing studies and results of ICP-targeting of therapeutics underscore their tremendous potential to become a powerful class of medicine for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Reza Moosavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Mingnan Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
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20
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Shrestha R, Garrett-Thomson SC, Liu W, Almo SC, Fiser A. Redesigning HVEM Interface for Selective Binding to LIGHT, BTLA, and CD160. Structure 2020; 28:1197-1205.e2. [PMID: 32795404 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) regulates positive and negative signals for T cell activation through co-signaling pathways. Dysfunction of the HVEM co-signaling network is associated with multiple pathologies related to autoimmunity, infectious disease, and cancer, making the associated molecules biologically and therapeutically attractive targets. HVEM interacts with three ligands from two different superfamilies using two different binding interfaces. The engagement with ligands CD160 and B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), members of immunoglobulin superfamily, is associated with inhibitory signals, whereas inflammatory responses are regulated through the interaction with LIGHT from the TNF superfamily. We computationally redesigned the HVEM recognition interfaces using a residue-specific pharmacophore approach, ProtLID, to achieve switchable-binding specificity. In subsequent cell-based binding assays the new interfaces, designed with only single or double mutations, exhibited selective binding to only one or two out of the three cognate ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rojan Shrestha
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sarah C Garrett-Thomson
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Weifeng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Steven C Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Andras Fiser
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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21
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Wang G, Wang Q, Liang N, Xue H, Yang T, Chen X, Qiu Z, Zeng C, Sun T, Yuan W, Liu C, Chen Z, He X. Oncogenic driver genes and tumor microenvironment determine the type of liver cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:313. [PMID: 32366840 PMCID: PMC7198508 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2509-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) may be mainly classified as the following four types: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), hepatoblastoma (HB), and combined hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-ICC). The majority of PLC develops in the background of tumor microenvironment, such as inflammatory microenvironments caused by viral hepatitis, alcoholic or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC), and necroptosis-associated hepatic cytokine microenvironment caused by necroptosis of hepatocytes. However, the impact of different types of microenvironments on the phenotypes of PLC generated by distinct oncogenes is still unclear. In addition, the cell origin of different liver cancers have not been clarified, as far as we know. Recent researches show that mature hepatocytes retain phenotypic plasticity to differentiate into cholangiocytes. More importantly, our results initially demonstrated that HCC, ICC, and cHCC-ICC could originate from mature hepatocytes rather than liver progenitor cells (LPCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and cholangiocytes in AKT-driven, AKT/NICD-driven and AKT/CAT-driven mouse PLC models respectively by using hydrodynamic transfection methodology. Therefore, liver tumors originated from mature hepatocytes embody a wide spectrum of phenotypes from HCC to CC, possibly including cHCC-ICC and HB. However, the underlying mechanism determining the cancer phenotype of liver tumors has yet to be delineated. In this review, we will provide a summary of the possible mechanisms for directing the cancer phenotype of liver tumors (i.e., ICC, HCC, and cHCC-ICC) in terms of oncogenic driver genes and tumor microenvironment. Moreover, this study initially revealed the cell origin of different types of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The 74th Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, 510220, China.,Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ning Liang
- Department of General Surgery, The 75th Group Army Hospital, Dali, 671000, China
| | - Hongyuan Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan North Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Pain Treatment, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuguang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Zhaoyan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The 74th Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, 510318, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Departmentof Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zheng zhou, 450052, China
| | - Weitang Yuan
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chaoxu Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan North Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201907, China. .,Department of Anorectal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Zhangqian Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China. .,State key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xianli He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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22
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Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM) Expression Promotes Inflammation/ Organ Injury in Response to Experimental Indirect-Acute Lung Injury. Shock 2020; 51:487-494. [PMID: 30531604 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions to treat acute lung injury (ALI) remain largely limited to lung-protective strategies, as a real molecular pathophysiologically driven therapeutic intervention has yet to become available. While we have previously documented the expression of herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) on leukocytes of septic mice and critically ill patients, its functional role in shock/sepsis-induced ALI has not yet been studied. Inasmuch, a murine model of indirect ALI (iALI) was induced by hemorrhagic shock (HEM) followed by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), septic challenge and HVEM-siRNA or phosphate buffered saline was administrated by intratracheal instillation 2 h after hemorrhage to determine the role of HVEM in the development of experimental iALI. Indices of lung injury were measured. HVEM expression was significantly elevated in iALI mice. Compared with phosphate buffered saline treated iALI mice, HVEM knock-down by siRNA caused a reduction of cytokine/chemokine levels, myeloperoxidase activity, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell count and protein concentration. HVEM-siRNA treatment reduced inflammation and attenuated pulmonary architecture destruction as well as provided an early (60 h post HEM-CLP) survival benefit in iALI mice. This ability of anti-HVEM treatment to prevent the development of iALI and provide a transient survival benefit implies that mitigating signaling through HVEM may be a novel target worth further investigation.
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Abstract
The role of inflammation in cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now widely accepted. Immune cells, including T cells, are influenced by inflammatory signals and contribute to the onset and progression of CVD. T cell activation is modulated by T cell co-stimulation and co-inhibition pathways. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting T cell inhibition pathways have revolutionized cancer treatment and improved survival in patients with cancer. However, ICIs might induce cardiovascular toxicity via T cell re-invigoration. With the rising use of ICIs for cancer treatment, a timely overview of the role of T cell co-stimulation and inhibition molecules in CVD is desirable. In this Review, the importance of these molecules in the pathogenesis of CVD is highlighted in preclinical studies on models of CVD such as vein graft disease, myocarditis, graft arterial disease, post-ischaemic neovascularization and atherosclerosis. This Review also discusses the therapeutic potential of targeting T cell co-stimulation and inhibition pathways to treat CVD, as well as the possible cardiovascular benefits and adverse events after treatment. Finally, the Review emphasizes that patients with cancer who are treated with ICIs should be monitored for CVD given the reported association between the use of ICIs and the risk of cardiovascular toxicity.
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Szymczak M, Ziętkiewicz S, Kuncewicz K, Rodziewicz-Motowidło S, Orlikowska M. Expression, purification, and efficient refolding of the extracellular domain of Escherichia coli-expressed signaling receptor herpesvirus entry mediator. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 164:105450. [PMID: 31299214 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.105450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM), a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily, plays an important role in the regulation of the immune system. It forms a complex with ligands and can either activate or inhibit the response of the immune system. Furthermore, HVEM can exhibit pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects in many human diseases. Therefore, understanding the mechanism underlying the interaction of HVEM with other receptors is extremely important to design small therapeutic molecules that can stimulate the response of the immune system. In this study, we attempted to develop the most efficient method for the expression and purification of the extracellular domain of HVEM using Escherichia coli. The soluble fraction constituted only a small portion of the E. coli-expressed protein, whereas majority of the protein was found to be accumulated in the insoluble fraction. Three different protein refolding methods were analyzed: dialysis, dilution, and using chromatographic column. The oligomeric state of the protein was determined by characterizing the obtained fractions using analytical size exclusion chromatography. All the obtained fractions were tested for their ability to form a complex with B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results of this study provide crucial information regarding the production of HVEM protein in a robust, well-established, and convenient heterologous expression system using E. coli as a host. In addition, it allows for the selection of the most effective method for appropriate refolding of HVEM protein, which gets accumulated in the insoluble fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szymczak
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308, Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Poland
| | - Szymon Ziętkiewicz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, 80-822, Gdansk, Kladki 24, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kuncewicz
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308, Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Poland
| | - Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308, Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Poland
| | - Marta Orlikowska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308, Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, Poland.
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Bitra A, Nemčovičová I, Picarda G, Doukov T, Wang J, Benedict CA, Zajonc DM. Structure of human cytomegalovirus UL144, an HVEM orthologue, bound to the B and T cell lymphocyte attenuator. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10519-10529. [PMID: 31126984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a β-herpesvirus that has co-evolved with the host immune system to establish lifelong persistence. HCMV encodes many immunomodulatory molecules, including the glycoprotein UL144. UL144 is a structural mimic of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member HVEM (herpesvirus entry mediator), which binds to the various ligands LIGHT, LTα, BTLA, CD160, and gD. However, in contrast to HVEM, UL144 only binds BTLA, inhibiting T-cell activation. Here, we report the crystal structure of the UL144-BTLA complex, revealing that UL144 utilizes residues from its N-terminal cysteine-rich domain 1 (CRD1) to interact uniquely with BTLA. The shorter CRD2 loop of UL144 also alters the relative orientation of BTLA binding with both N-terminal CRDs. By employing structure-guided mutagenesis, we have identified a mutant of BTLA (L123A) that interferes with HVEM binding but preserves UL144 interactions. Furthermore, our results illuminate structural differences between UL144 and HVEM that explain its binding selectivity and highlight it as a suitable scaffold for designing superior, immune inhibitory BTLA agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Bitra
- From the Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ivana Nemčovičová
- the Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gaelle Picarda
- From the Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Tzanko Doukov
- the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Menlo Park, California 94025, and
| | - Jing Wang
- From the Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Chris A Benedict
- From the Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- From the Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, .,the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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26
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A structural model of the immune checkpoint CD160-HVEM complex derived from HDX-mass spectrometry and molecular modeling. Oncotarget 2019; 10:536-550. [PMID: 30728903 PMCID: PMC6355189 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CD160 is a T cell coinhibitory molecule that interacts with the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) on antigen-presenting cells to provide an inhibitory signal to T cells. To date, the structure of CD160 and its complex with HVEM are unknown. Here, we have identified the fragments of CD160 interacting with HVEM using ELISA tests, hydrogen/deuterium studies, affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry (MS). By combining hydrogen/deuterium exchange and mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) we obtained key information about the tertiary structure of CD160, predicting the 3D structure of the CD160–HVEM complex. Our results provide insights into the molecular architecture of this complex, serving as a useful basis for designing inhibitors for future immunotherapies.
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Stefanski HE, Jonart L, Goren E, Mulé JJ, Blazar BR. A novel approach to improve immune effector responses post transplant by restoration of CCL21 expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193461. [PMID: 29617362 PMCID: PMC5884478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy conditioning regimens required for bone marrow transplantation (BMT) cause significant morbidity and mortality as a result of insufficient immune surveillance mechanisms leading to increased risks of infection and tumor recurrence. Such conditioning causes host stromal cell injury, impairing restoration of the central (thymus) and peripheral (spleen and lymph node) T cell compartments and slow immune reconstitution. The chemokine, CCL21, produced by host stromal cells, recruits T- and B-cells that provide lymphotoxin mediated instructive signals to stromal cells for lymphoid organogenesis. Moreover, T- and B-cell recruitment into these sites is required for optimal adaptive immune responses to pathogens and tumor antigens. Previously, we reported that CCL21 was markedly reduced in secondary lymphoid organs of transplanted animals. Here, we utilized adenoviral CCL21 gene transduced dendritic cells (DC/CCL21) given by footpad injections as a novel approach to restore CCL21 expression in secondary lymphoid organs post-transplant. CCL21 expression in secondary lymphoid organs reached levels of naïve controls and resulted in increased T cell trafficking to draining lymph nodes (LNs). An increase in both lymphoid tissue inducer cells and the B cell chemokine CXCL13 known to be important in LN formation was observed. Strikingly, only mice vaccinated with DC/CCL21 loaded with bacterial, viral or tumor antigens and not recipients of DC/control adenovirus loaded cells or no DCs had a marked increase in the systemic clearance of pathogens (bacteria; virus) and leukemia cells. Because DC/CCL21 vaccines have been tested in clinical trials for patients with lung cancer and melanoma, our studies provide the foundation for future trials of DC/CCL21 vaccination in patients receiving pre-transplant conditioning regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E Stefanski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Leslie Jonart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Emily Goren
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James J Mulé
- Cutaneous Oncology Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
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RESPATIKA DATU, SAITO YASUYUKI, WASHIO KEN, KOMORI SATOMI, KOTANI TAKENORI, OKAZAWA HIDEKI, MURATA YOJI, MATOZAKI TAKASHI. Role of SIRPα in Homeostatic Regulation of T Cells and Fibroblastic Reticular Cells in the Spleen. THE KOBE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 63:E22-E29. [PMID: 29434170 PMCID: PMC5824927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), is an immunoglobulin superfamily protein that is predominantly expressed in macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), especially CD4+ conventional DCs (cDCs). In this study, we demonstrated that, in addition to the reduced number of CD4+ cDCs, the number of T cells was significantly decreased in the spleen of Sirpa-/- mice, in which full-length of SIRPα protein was systemically ablated. The size of the T cell zone was markedly reduced in the spleen of Sirpa-/- mice. In addition, Sirpa-/- mice revealed a marked reduction of CCL19, CCL21, and IL-7 expression, which are thought to be important for homeostasis of T cells in the spleen. Consistently, the abundance of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), a subset of stromal cells in the T cell zone, was markedly reduced in the spleen of Sirpa-/- mice compared with Sirpaf/f mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that the mRNA expression of Lymphotoxin (LT) α, LTβ, and LIGHT was significantly reduced in the spleen of Sirpa-/- mice. These data thus suggest that SIRPα is essential for steady-state homeostasis of T cells and FRCs in the spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- DATU RESPATIKA
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - YASUYUKI SAITO
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - KEN WASHIO
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - SATOMI KOMORI
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - TAKENORI KOTANI
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - HIDEKI OKAZAWA
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - YOJI MURATA
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - TAKASHI MATOZAKI
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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29
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Patsoukis N, Weaver JD, Strauss L, Herbel C, Seth P, Boussiotis VA. Immunometabolic Regulations Mediated by Coinhibitory Receptors and Their Impact on T Cell Immune Responses. Front Immunol 2017; 8:330. [PMID: 28443090 PMCID: PMC5387055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Host immunity provides wide spectrum protection that serves to eradicate pathogens and cancer cells, while maintaining self-tolerance and immunological homeostasis. Ligation of the T cell receptor (TCR) by antigen activates signaling pathways that coordinately induce aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial activity, anabolic metabolism, and T effector cell differentiation. Activation of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR triggers the switch to anabolic metabolism by inducing transcription factors such as Myc and HIF1, and the glucose transporter Glut1, which is pivotal for the increase of glucose uptake after T cell activation. Activation of MAPK signaling is required for glucose and glutamine utilization, whereas activation of AMPK is critical for energy balance and metabolic fitness of T effector and memory cells. Coinhibitory receptors target TCR-proximal signaling and generation of second messengers. Imbalanced activation of such signaling pathways leads to diminished rates of aerobic glycolysis and impaired mitochondrial function resulting in defective anabolic metabolism and altered T cell differentiation. The coinhibitory receptors mediate distinct and synergistic effects on the activation of signaling pathways thereby modifying metabolic programs of activated T cells and resulting in altered immune functions. Understanding and therapeutic targeting of metabolic programs impacted by coinhibitory receptors might have significant clinical implications for the treatment of chronic infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Patsoukis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Strauss
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Herbel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vassiliki A Boussiotis
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Sibilano R, Gaudenzio N, DeGorter MK, Reber LL, Hernandez JD, Starkl PM, Zurek OW, Tsai M, Zahner S, Montgomery SB, Roers A, Kronenberg M, Yu M, Galli SJ. A TNFRSF14-FcɛRI-mast cell pathway contributes to development of multiple features of asthma pathology in mice. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13696. [PMID: 27982078 PMCID: PMC5171877 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma has multiple features, including airway hyperreactivity, inflammation and remodelling. The TNF superfamily member TNFSF14 (LIGHT), via interactions with the receptor TNFRSF14 (HVEM), can support TH2 cell generation and longevity and promote airway remodelling in mouse models of asthma, but the mechanisms by which TNFSF14 functions in this setting are incompletely understood. Here we find that mouse and human mast cells (MCs) express TNFRSF14 and that TNFSF14:TNFRSF14 interactions can enhance IgE-mediated MC signalling and mediator production. In mouse models of asthma, TNFRSF14 blockade with a neutralizing antibody administered after antigen sensitization, or genetic deletion of Tnfrsf14, diminishes plasma levels of antigen-specific IgG1 and IgE antibodies, airway hyperreactivity, airway inflammation and airway remodelling. Finally, by analysing two types of genetically MC-deficient mice after engrafting MCs that either do or do not express TNFRSF14, we show that TNFRSF14 expression on MCs significantly contributes to the development of multiple features of asthma pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Sibilano
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Nicolas Gaudenzio
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Marianne K. DeGorter
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Laurent L. Reber
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Immunology, Unit of Antibodies in Therapy and Pathology, INSERM U1222, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France
| | - Joseph D. Hernandez
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philipp M. Starkl
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences and Department of Medicine I, Research Laboratory of Infection Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Oliwia W. Zurek
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sonja Zahner
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Stephen B. Montgomery
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Mang Yu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Stephen J. Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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31
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Milićević NM, Nohroudi K, Schmidt F, Schmidt H, Ringer C, Sorensen GL, Milićević Ž, Westermann J. Growth of Murine Splenic Tissue Is Suppressed by Lymphotoxin β-Receptor Signaling (LTβR) Originating from Splenic and Non-Splenic Tissues. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166901. [PMID: 27936003 PMCID: PMC5147843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and maintenance of secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes and spleen essentially depend on lymphotoxin β-receptor (LTβR) signaling. It is unclear, however, by which molecular mechanism their size is limited. Here, we investigate whether the LTβR pathway is also growth suppressing. By using splenic tissue transplantation it is possible to analyze a potential contribution of LTβR signaling inside and outside of the implanted tissue. We show that LTβR signaling within the endogenous spleen and within non-splenic tissues both significantly suppressed the regeneration of implanted splenic tissue. The suppressive activity positively correlated with the total number of LTβR expressing cells in the animal (regenerate weights of 115 ± 8 mg in LTβR deficient recipients and of 12 ± 9 mg in wild-type recipients), affected also developed splenic tissue, and was induced but not executed via LTβR signaling. Two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis and subsequent mass spectrometry of stromal splenic tissue was applied to screen for potential factors mediating the LTβR dependent suppressive activity. Thus, LTβR dependent growth suppression is involved in regulating the size of secondary lymphoid organs, and might be therapeutically used to eradicate tertiary lymphoid tissues during autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novica M. Milićević
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Beograd, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Klaus Nohroudi
- Department I of Anatomy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmidt
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hendrik Schmidt
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cornelia Ringer
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Grith Lykke Sorensen
- Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Živana Milićević
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Beograd, Beograd, Serbia
| | - Jürgen Westermann
- Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, University Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- * E-mail:
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32
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Cai H, Chen S, Xu S, Sun Y, Bai Q, Lu C, Chen Y, Fu X, Xu G, Chen L. Deficiency of LIGHT signaling pathway exacerbates Chlamydia psittaci respiratory tract infection in mice. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:250-256. [PMID: 27725282 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
LIGHT, a costimulatory member of the immunoglobulin superfamily (Ig SF), can greatly impact T cell activation. The role of the LIGHT signaling pathway in chlamydial infection was evaluated in mice following respiratory tract infection with Chlamydia psittaci. Compared with wild type (WT) mice, LIGHT knockout (KO) mice showed significant reduction of body weight, much lower survival rate, higher bacterial burden, prolonged infection time courses and more severe pathological changes in lung tissue. The mRNA levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-12 in the lung tissue of LIGHT KO mice were significantly lower than those in WT mice. While there was no obvious difference in the percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the spleens of the two groups of mice, there was a markedly elevated percentage of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg cells in LIGHT KO mice. Together, these results demonstrate that the LIGHT signaling pathway is not only required for inflammatory cytokine production as part of the host response to chlamydial infection, but also influences the differentiation of CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Treg cells, both of which may be essential for control of C. psittaci respiratory tract infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengling Cai
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shenghua Chen
- Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sha Xu
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuanbin Sun
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qinqin Bai
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Chunxue Lu
- Medical College, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuyu Chen
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 421000, China
| | - Xizong Fu
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Guilian Xu
- Institute of Immunology, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- College of Public Health, University of South China, 28 West Changsheng Rd., Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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33
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Scarzello AJ, Jiang Q, Back T, Dang H, Hodge D, Hanson C, Subleski J, Weiss JM, Stauffer JK, Chaisaingmongkol J, Rabibhadana S, Ruchirawat M, Ortaldo J, Wang XW, Norris PS, Ware CF, Wiltrout RH. LTβR signalling preferentially accelerates oncogenic AKT-initiated liver tumours. Gut 2016; 65. [PMID: 26206664 PMCID: PMC5036232 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relative contributions of inflammatory signalling and sequential oncogenic dysregulation driving liver cancer pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. Lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR) signalling is critically involved in hepatitis and liver tumorigenesis. Therefore, we explored the interdependence of inflammatory lymphotoxin signalling and specific oncogenic pathways in the progression of hepatic cancer. DESIGN Pathologically distinct liver tumours were initiated by hydrodynamic transfection of oncogenic V-Akt Murine Thymoma Viral Oncogene Homolog 1 (AKT)/β-catenin or AKT/Notch expressing plasmids. To investigate the relationship of LTβR signalling and specific oncogenic pathways, LTβR antagonist (LTβR-Fc) or agonist (anti-LTβR) were administered post oncogene transfection. Initiated livers/tumours were investigated for changes in oncogene expression, tumour proliferation, progression, latency and pathology. Moreover, specific LTβR-mediated molecular events were investigated in human liver cancer cell lines and through transcriptional analyses of samples from patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). RESULTS AKT/β-catenin-transfected livers displayed increased expression of LTβ and LTβR, with antagonism of LTβR signalling reducing tumour progression and enhancing survival. Conversely, enforced LTβR-activation of AKT/β-catenin-initiated tumours induced robust increases in proliferation and progression of hepatic tumour phenotypes in an AKT-dependent manner. LTβR-activation also rapidly accelerated ICC progression initiated by AKT/Notch, but not Notch alone. Moreover, LTβR-accelerated development coincides with increases of Notch, Hes1, c-MYC, pAKT and β-catenin. We further demonstrate LTβR signalling in human liver cancer cell lines to be a regulator of Notch, pAKTser473 and β-catenin. Transcriptome analysis of samples from patients with ICC links increased LTβR network expression with poor patient survival, increased Notch1 expression and Notch and AKT/PI3K signalling. CONCLUSIONS Our findings link LTβR and oncogenic AKT signalling in the development of ICC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Scarzello
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Qun Jiang
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy Back
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Hien Dang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Deborah Hodge
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Charlotte Hanson
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeffrey Subleski
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan M Weiss
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Jimmy K Stauffer
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - John Ortaldo
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin Wei Wang
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paula S Norris
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carl F Ware
- Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Robert H Wiltrout
- Cancer and Inflamation Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Chiu CW, Huang WH, Lin SJ, Tsai MJ, Ma H, Hsieh SL, Cheng H. The immunomodulator decoy receptor 3 improves locomotor functional recovery after spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:154. [PMID: 27316538 PMCID: PMC4912825 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of neurons and axons and results in motor and sensory function impairments. SCI elicits an inflammatory response and induces the infiltration of immune cells, predominantly macrophages, to the injured site. Decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member (TNFRSF)-6B, is a pleiotropic immunomodulator capable of inducing macrophage differentiation into the M2 phenotype and enhancing angiogenesis. Because M2 macrophages are crucial for the recovery of impaired motor functions, we ask whether DcR3 is beneficial for the functional recovery of locomotion in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats after SCI. Methods Contusion injury of the spinal cord was performed using a New York University impactor at the ninth thoracic vertebrae, followed by intrathecal injection of 15 μg recombinant protein comprising DcR3 (DcR3.Fc) in 5 μl of normal saline as the treatment, or 5 μl of normal saline as the control, into the injury epicenter. Functional recovery was evaluated using an open-field test weekly up to 6 weeks after injury. The cavity size and myelin sparing in the rostral-to-caudal region, including the epicenter of the injury, were then examined in SCI rats by histological staining. The expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and the presence of M2 macrophages were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry at 7 day after SCI. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed Student’s t test. Results Intrathecal administration of DcR3.Fc significantly improved locomotor function and reduced secondary injury with a smaller wound cavity and increased myelin sparing at the lesion site. Compared with the control group, DcR3.Fc-treated rats had increased vascularization at the injury epicenter along with higher levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 and lower level of IL-1β on DcR3.Fc-treated rats at day 7 after SCI. Moreover, higher levels of arginase I (Arg I) and CD206 (M2 macrophage markers) and RECA-1 (endothelial marker) were observed in the epicenter on day 7 after SCI by immunofluorescence staining. Conclusions These results indicated that DcR3.Fc may promote the M2 macrophage infiltration and enhanced angiogenesis at the lesion site, thus preserving a greater amount of spinal cord tissues and enhancing functional recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-Wen Chiu
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Huang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan.,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Ji Lin
- Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | | | - Hsu Ma
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Henrich Cheng
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan. .,Neural Regeneration Laboratory, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan. .,Center for Neural Regeneration, Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 11217, Taiwan.
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The Expression of BTLA Was Increased and the Expression of HVEM and LIGHT Were Decreased in the T Cells of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis [corrected]. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155345. [PMID: 27183113 PMCID: PMC4868345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is not clearly understood. The LIGHT/HVEM/BTLA co-signaling pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of RA, although reports on the expression levels of LIGHT, HVEM and BTLA in T lymphocytes from RA patients are limited. Method In this study, we recruited 30 healthy controls and 21 RA patients. Clinical characteristics were collected for RA patients. The levels of LIGHT, HVEM and BTLA expressed on the surface of circulating T cells of RA patients and healthy controls were measured by flow cytometry. Result The percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes that expressed BTLA from RA patients were all higher than those of the controls (all p < 0.05), while the percentages of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes that expressed HVEM and LIGHT were all lower than those of the controls (all p < 0.05). The rheumatoid factor and the percentage of HVEM+CD4+ T lymphocytes showed a statistically significant negative correlation in RA patients (r = -0.453, p = 0.039), as did the swollen joint count and the percentage of BTLA+CD8+ T lymphocytes (r = -0.501, p = 0.021). Conclusion Here, we provide the first report on the increased expression of BTLA in T lymphocytes and on the decreased expression of HVEM and LIGHT in RA patients. BTLA, HVEM and LIGHT might be involved in the pathogenesis of RA and have the potential to be new clinically useful characteristics of RA.
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del Rio ML, Fernandez-Renedo C, Chaloin O, Scheu S, Pfeffer K, Shintani Y, Perez-Simon JA, Schneider P, Rodriguez-Barbosa JI. Immunotherapeutic targeting of LIGHT/LTβR/HVEM pathway fully recapitulates the reduced cytotoxic phenotype of LIGHT-deficient T cells. MAbs 2016; 8:478-90. [PMID: 26752542 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1132130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/TNF receptor (TNFR) superfamily members play essential roles in the development of the different phases of the immune response. Mouse LIGHT (TNFSF14) is a type II transmembrane protein with a C-terminus extracellular TNF homology domain (THD) that assembles in homotrimers and regulates the course of the immune responses by signaling through 2 receptors, the herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM, TNFRSF14) and the lymphotoxin β receptor (LTβR, TNFRSF3). LIGHT is a membrane-bound protein transiently expressed on activated T cells, natural killer (NK) cells and immature dendritic cells that can be proteolytically cleaved by a metalloprotease and released to the extracellular milieu. The immunotherapeutic potential of LIGHT blockade was evaluated in vivo. Administration of an antagonist of LIGHT interaction with its receptors attenuated the course of graft-versus-host reaction and recapitulated the reduced cytotoxic activity of LIGHT-deficient T cells adoptively transferred into non-irradiated semiallogeneic recipients. The lack of LIGHT expression on donor T cells or blockade of LIGHT interaction with its receptors slowed down the rate of T cell proliferation and decreased the frequency of precursor alloreactive T cells, retarding T cell differentiation toward effector T cells. The blockade of LIGHT/LTβR/HVEM pathway was associated with delayed downregulation of interleukin-7Rα and delayed upregulation of inducible costimulatory molecule expression on donor alloreactive CD8 T cells that are typical features of impaired T cell differentiation. These results expose the relevance of LIGHT/LTβR/HVEM interaction for the potential therapeutic control of the allogeneic immune responses mediated by alloreactive CD8 T cells that can contribute to prolong allograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Luisa del Rio
- a Transplantation Immunobiology Section, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon and Castilla and Leon Regional Transplantation Coordination, Leon University Hospital , Leon , Spain
| | - Carlos Fernandez-Renedo
- a Transplantation Immunobiology Section, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon and Castilla and Leon Regional Transplantation Coordination, Leon University Hospital , Leon , Spain
| | - Olivier Chaloin
- b CNRS UPR 3572, IBMC, Immunopathologie et Chimie Thérapeutique, 15 rue René Descartes , Strasbourg , France
| | - Stefanie Scheu
- c Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Geb. 22.21 , Duesseldorf , D-40225 Germany
| | - Klaus Pfeffer
- c Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstr. 1, Geb. 22.21 , Duesseldorf , D-40225 Germany
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- d Department of International Affairs , Japan Science and Technology Agency, K´s Gobancho 7 , Gobancho Chiyoda-Ku , Tokyo , 102-0076 , Japan
| | - Jose-Antonio Perez-Simon
- e Department of Hematology , University Hospital Virgen del Rocio / Institute of Biomedicine (IBIS / CSIC) , Sevilla , Spain
| | - Pascal Schneider
- f Department of Biochemistry , University of Lausanne , 1066 Epalinges , Switzerland
| | - Jose-Ignacio Rodriguez-Barbosa
- a Transplantation Immunobiology Section, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon and Castilla and Leon Regional Transplantation Coordination, Leon University Hospital , Leon , Spain
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Yeh DYW, Wu CC, Chin YP, Lu CJ, Wang YH, Chen MC. Mechanisms of human lymphotoxin beta receptor activation on upregulation of CCL5/RANTES production. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:220-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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da Silva Antunes R, Madge L, Soroosh P, Tocker J, Croft M. The TNF Family Molecules LIGHT and Lymphotoxin αβ Induce a Distinct Steroid-Resistant Inflammatory Phenotype in Human Lung Epithelial Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26209626 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung epithelial cells are considered important sources of inflammatory molecules and extracellular matrix proteins that contribute to diseases such as asthma. Understanding the factors that stimulate epithelial cells may lead to new insights into controlling lung inflammation. This study sought to investigate the responsiveness of human lung epithelial cells to the TNF family molecules LIGHT and lymphotoxin αβ (LTαβ). Bronchial and alveolar epithelial cell lines, and primary human bronchial epithelial cells, were stimulated with LIGHT and LTαβ, and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and fibrosis/remodeling was measured. LTβ receptor, the receptor shared by LIGHT and LTαβ, was constitutively expressed on all epithelial cells. Correspondingly, LIGHT and LTαβ strongly induced a limited but highly distinct set of inflammatory genes in all epithelial cells tested, namely the adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1; the chemokines CCL5, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5, and CXCL11; the cytokines IL-6, activin A and GM-CSF; and metalloproteinases matrix metalloproteinase-9 and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-8. Importantly, induction of the majority of these inflammatory molecules was insensitive to the suppressive effects of the corticosteroid budesonide. LIGHT and LTαβ also moderately downregulated E-cadherin, a protein associated with maintaining epithelial integrity, but did not significantly drive production of extracellular matrix proteins or α-smooth muscle actin. Thus, LIGHT and LTαβ induce a distinct steroid-resistant inflammatory signature in airway epithelial cells via constitutively expressed LTβ receptor. These findings support our prior murine studies that suggested the receptors for LIGHT and LTαβ contribute to development of lung inflammation characteristic of asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo da Silva Antunes
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Lisa Madge
- Janssen Research and Development, Immunology Discovery Research, Spring House, PA 19002; and
| | | | - Joel Tocker
- Janssen Research and Development, Immunology Discovery Research, Spring House, PA 19002; and
| | - Michael Croft
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037;
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Seifeldin NS, El Sayed SB, Asaad MK, Aly AA. Role of the tumor necrosis factor family member LIGHT in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Int J Dermatol 2015; 54:e376-82. [PMID: 26043794 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Revised: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LIGHT (the name of which is derived from "homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes simplex virus entry mediator, and expressed by T lymphocytes"), is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that is involved in various inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES To assess serum LIGHT levels in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) before and after treatment and compare it with controls. To correlate serum LIGHT with the severity scoring of AD (SCORAD) index. Another objective is to compare LIGHT levels between lesional skin in patients with AD and controls. METHODS Twenty patients with AD and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum LIGHT levels were examined using an enzyme immunoassay technique. Serum total IgE levels, absolute eosinophil count, and eosinophil percentage were also done for both patients and controls. The SCORAD index was done for every patient before and after treatment. Skin LIGHT levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and compared with control skin. RESULTS Serum LIGHT levels in patients with AD were significantly higher than that of healthy controls and correlated positively with SCORAD index. LIGHT concentrations decreased as the symptoms were improved by treatment. A significant correlation was found on comparing the LIGHT serum levels and other established markers of disease severity. LIGHT levels in lesional skin in these patients were markedly higher than LIGHT levels in normal skin. CONCLUSION LIGHT may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. This may presumably have possible future implications on the treatment of this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen Salah Seifeldin
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shereen Bendary El Sayed
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Kamal Asaad
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Alaa Ahmed Aly
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Therapeutic blockade of LIGHT interaction with herpesvirus entry mediator and lymphotoxin β receptor attenuates in vivo cytotoxic allogeneic responses. Transplantation 2015; 98:1165-74. [PMID: 25226173 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor necrosis factor/tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily members conform a group of molecular interaction pathways of essential relevance during the process of T-cell activation and differentiation toward effector cells and particularly for the maintenance phase of the immune response. Specific blockade of these interacting pathways, such as CD40-CD40L, contributes to modulate the deleterious outcome of allogeneic immune responses. We postulated that antagonizing the interaction of LIGHT expression on activated T cells with its receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator and lymphotoxin β receptor, may decrease T cell-mediated allogeneic responses. METHODS A flow cytometry competition assay was designed to identify anti-LIGHT monoclonal antibodies capable to prevent the interaction of mouse LIGHT with its receptors expressed on transfected cells. An antibody with the desired specificity was evaluated in a short-term in vivo allogeneic cytotoxic assay and tested for its ability to detect endogenous mouse LIGHT. RESULTS We provide evidence for the first time that in mice, as previously described in humans, LIGHT protein is rapidly and transiently expressed after T-cell activation, and this expression was stronger on CD8 T cells than on CD4 T cells. Two anti-LIGHT antibodies prevented interactions of mouse LIGHT with its two known receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator and lymphotoxin β receptor. In vivo administration of anti-LIGHT antibody (clone 10F12) ameliorated host antidonor short-term cytotoxic response in wild type B6 mice, although to a lesser extent than that observed in LIGHT-deficient mice. CONCLUSION The therapeutic targeting of LIGHT may contribute to achieve a better control of cytotoxic responses refractory to current immunosuppressive drugs in transplantation.
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Bienkowska J, Allaire N, Thai A, Goyal J, Plavina T, Nirula A, Weaver M, Newman C, Petri M, Beckman E, Browning JL. Lymphotoxin-LIGHT pathway regulates the interferon signature in rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112545. [PMID: 25405351 PMCID: PMC4236099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A subset of patients with autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and lupus appear to be exposed continually to interferon (IFN) as evidenced by elevated expression of IFN induced genes in blood cells. In lupus, detection of endogenous chromatin complexes by the innate sensing machinery is the suspected driver for the IFN, but the actual mechanisms remain unknown in all of these diseases. We investigated in two randomized clinical trials the effects on RA patients of baminercept, a lymphotoxin-beta receptor-immunoglobulin fusion protein that blocks the lymphotoxin-αβ/LIGHT axis. Administration of baminercept led to a reduced RNA IFN signature in the blood of patients with elevated baseline signatures. Both RA and SLE patients with a high IFN signature were lymphopenic and lymphocyte counts increased following baminercept treatment of RA patients. These data demonstrate a coupling between the lymphotoxin-LIGHT system and IFN production in rheumatoid arthritis. IFN induced retention of lymphocytes within lymphoid tissues is a likely component of the lymphopenia observed in many autoimmune diseases. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00664716.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Bienkowska
- Translational Medicine, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Norm Allaire
- Translational Medicine, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alice Thai
- Translational Medicine, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jaya Goyal
- Translational Medicine, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tatiana Plavina
- Translational Medicine, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ajay Nirula
- Immunobiology, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Megan Weaver
- Global Clinical Operations, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Charlotte Newman
- Global Clinical Operations, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle Petri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Evan Beckman
- Immunobiology, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey L. Browning
- Immunobiology, Biogen Idec, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Substitution of herpes simplex virus 1 entry glycoproteins with those of saimiriine herpesvirus 1 reveals a gD-gH/gL functional interaction and a region within the gD profusion domain that is critical for fusion. J Virol 2014; 88:6470-82. [PMID: 24672037 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00465-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED To gain insight into the mechanism of herpesvirus entry into cells, the four glycoproteins that are necessary for herpes simplex virus (HSV) fusion were cloned from the saimiriine herpesvirus 1 (SaHV-1) genome, a primate member of the alphaherpesvirus family. Cell-cell fusion assays indicate that SaHV-1 entry glycoproteins function with the previously identified alphaherpesvirus entry receptors nectin-1 and CD155 but not with herpesvirus entry mediator (HVEM) or paired immunoglobulin-like type 2 receptor alpha (PILRα). Replacement of HSV-1 gD with the SaHV-1 gD homolog resulted in a complete loss of fusion function when coexpressed with HSV-1 gB and gH/gL. HSV-1 gD was also unable to substitute for SaHV-1 gD when coexpressed with SaHV-1 gB and gH/gL. Similarly, the gH/gL heterodimers from HSV-1 and SaHV-1 were not interchangeable. In contrast, both the HSV-1 and SaHV-1 gB homologs retained function in a heterotypic context. These results suggest that an essential interaction between homotypic gD and gH/gL occurs during both HSV-1 and SaHV-1 entry. To map the site of this homotypic interaction, we created a series of gD chimeras, focusing on the "profusion domain" (PFD) that consists of HSV-1 gD residues 261 to 305 or SaHV-1 gD residues 264 to 307. We identified a seven-amino-acid stretch (264 RTLPPPK 270) at the N terminus of the SaHV-1 gD PFD that contributes to homotypic fusion. Finally, we found that the gD receptor-binding region and PFD cannot function independently but that both can inhibit the function of wild-type gD. IMPORTANCE The herpesvirus entry machinery requires the concerted action of at least four glycoproteins; however, details of the interactions among these glycoproteins are not well understood. Like HSV-1, SaHV-1 belongs to the alphaherpesvirus subfamily. Using cell-cell fusion experiments, we found that SaHV-1 uses the entry receptors nectin-1 and CD155 but not HVEM or PILRα. By swapping the entry glycoproteins between HSV-1 and SaHV-1, we revealed a functional interaction between gD and gH/gL. To examine the homotypic interaction site on gD, we evaluated the function of a panel of HSV-1/SaHV-1 gD chimeras and identified a small region in the SaHV-1 gD profusion domain that is critical for SaHV-1 fusion. This study contributes to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of herpesvirus entry and membrane fusion.
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Lu TT, Browning JL. Role of the Lymphotoxin/LIGHT System in the Development and Maintenance of Reticular Networks and Vasculature in Lymphoid Tissues. Front Immunol 2014; 5:47. [PMID: 24575096 PMCID: PMC3920476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid organs are meeting zones where lymphocytes come together and encounter antigens present in the blood and lymph or as delivered by cells migrating from the draining tissue bed. The exquisite efficiency of this process relies heavily on highly specialized anatomy to direct and position the various players. Gated entry and exit control access to these theaters and reticular networks and associated chemokines guide cells into the proper sections. Lymphoid tissues are remarkably plastic, being able to expand dramatically and then involute upon resolution of the danger. All of the reticular scaffolds and vascular and lymphatic components adapt accordingly. As such, the lymph node (LN) is a wonderful example of a physiologic remodeling process and is potentially a guide to study such elements in pathological settings such as fibrosis, chronic infection, and tumor metastasis. The lymphotoxin/LIGHT axis delivers critical differentiation signals that direct and hone differentiation of both reticular networks and the vasculature. Considerable progress has been made recently in understanding the mesenchymal differentiation pathways leading to these specialized networks and in the remodeling that occurs in reactive LNs. In this article, we will review some new advances in the area in terms of developmental, differentiation, and maintenance events mediated by this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa T Lu
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program and Pediatric Rheumatology, Hospital for Special Surgery , New York, NY , USA ; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY , USA
| | - Jeffrey L Browning
- Department of Microbiology and Section of Rheumatology, Boston University School of Medicine , Boston, MA , USA
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Cazzola M, Matera MG. Inhibiting or blocking LIGHT, a TNF superfamily member, for treating airway remodeling. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 5:623-5. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.11.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Trapping of naive lymphocytes triggers rapid growth and remodeling of the fibroblast network in reactive murine lymph nodes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:E109-18. [PMID: 24367096 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1312585111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive immunity is initiated in T-cell zones of secondary lymphoid organs. These zones are organized in a rigid 3D network of fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) that are a rich cytokine source. In response to lymph-borne antigens, draining lymph nodes (LNs) expand several folds in size, but the fate and role of the FRC network during immune response is not fully understood. Here we show that T-cell responses are accompanied by the rapid activation and growth of FRCs, leading to an expanded but similarly organized network of T-zone FRCs that maintains its vital function for lymphocyte trafficking and survival. In addition, new FRC-rich environments were observed in the expanded medullary cords. FRCs are activated within hours after the onset of inflammation in the periphery. Surprisingly, FRC expansion depends mainly on trapping of naïve lymphocytes that is induced by both migratory and resident dendritic cells. Inflammatory signals are not required as homeostatic T-cell proliferation was sufficient to trigger FRC expansion. Activated lymphocytes are also dispensable for this process, but can enhance the later growth phase. Thus, this study documents the surprising plasticity as well as the complex regulation of FRC networks allowing the rapid LN hyperplasia that is critical for mounting efficient adaptive immunity.
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Salmonella exploits NLRP12-dependent innate immune signaling to suppress host defenses during infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:385-90. [PMID: 24347638 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1317643111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 12 (NLRP12) plays a protective role in intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis, but the physiological function of this NLR during microbial infection is largely unexplored. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is a leading cause of food poisoning worldwide. Here, we show that NLRP12-deficient mice were highly resistant to S. typhimurium infection. Salmonella-infected macrophages induced NLRP12-dependent inhibition of NF-κB and ERK activation by suppressing phosphorylation of IκBα and ERK. NLRP12-mediated down-regulation of proinflammatory and antimicrobial molecules prevented efficient clearance of bacterial burden, highlighting a role for NLRP12 as a negative regulator of innate immune signaling during salmonellosis. These results underscore a signaling pathway defined by NLRP12-mediated dampening of host immune defenses that could be exploited by S. typhimurium to persist and survive in the host.
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Chen L, Fabian KL, Taylor JL, Storkus WJ. Therapeutic use of dendritic cells to promote the extranodal priming of anti-tumor immunity. Front Immunol 2013; 4:388. [PMID: 24348473 PMCID: PMC3843121 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lymphoid tissue, also known as tertiary lymphoid organs (TLO) develop adaptively within sites of chronic tissue inflammation, thereby allowing the host to efficiently crossprime specific immune effector cells within sites of disease. Recent evidence suggests that the presence of TLO in the tumor microenvironment (TME) predicts better overall survival. We will discuss the relevance of extranodal T cell priming within the TME as a means to effectively promote anti-tumor immunity and the strategic use of dendritic cell (DC)-based therapies to reinforce this clinically preferred process in the cancer-bearing host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Kellsye L Fabian
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Jennifer L Taylor
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
| | - Walter J Storkus
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA , USA ; University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute , Pittsburgh, PA , USA
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CD8 T cell memory to a viral pathogen requires trans cosignaling between HVEM and BTLA. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77991. [PMID: 24205056 PMCID: PMC3812147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the molecular interactions required to program activated CD8 T cells to survive and become memory cells may allow us to understand how to augment anti-viral immunity. HVEM (herpes virus entry mediator) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family that interacts with ligands in the TNF family, LIGHT and Lymphotoxin-α, and in the Ig family, B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) and CD160. The Ig family members initiate inhibitory signaling when engaged with HVEM, but may also activate survival gene expression. Using a model of vaccinia virus infection, we made the unexpected finding that deficiency in HVEM or BTLA profoundly impaired effector CD8 T cell survival and development of protective immune memory. Mixed adoptive transfer experiments indicated that BTLA expressed in CD8α+ dendritic cells functions as a trans-activating ligand that delivers positive co-signals through HVEM expressed in T cells. Our data demonstrate a critical role of HVEM-BTLA bidirectional cosignaling system in antiviral defenses by driving the differentiation of memory CD8 T cells.
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Kim KK, Jin SH, Lee BJ. Herpes virus entry mediator signaling in the brain is imperative in acute inflammation-induced anorexia and body weight loss. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2013; 28:214-20. [PMID: 24396681 PMCID: PMC3811702 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2013.28.3.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced appetite and body weight loss are typical symptoms of inflammatory diseases. A number of inflammatory stimuli are responsible for the imbalance in energy homeostasis, leading to metabolic disorders. The herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) protein plays an important role in the development of various inflammatory diseases, such as intestinal inflammation and diet-induced obesity. However, the role of HVEM in the brain is largely unknown. This study aims to investigate whether HVEM signaling in the brain is involved in inflammation-induced anorexia and body weight loss. METHODS Food intake and body weight were measured at 24 hours after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or intracerebroventricular injection of recombinant mouse LIGHT (also called tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily 14, TNFSF14), an HVEM ligand, into 8- to 10-week-old male C57BL/6 mice and mice lacking HVEM expression (HVEM-/-). We also assessed LPS-induced change in hypothalamic expression of HVEM using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Administration of LPS significantly reduced food intake and body weight, and moreover, increased expression of HVEM in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus. However, LPS induced only minor decreases in food intake and body weight in HVEM-/- mice. Administration of LIGHT into the brain was very effective at decreasing food intake and body weight in wild-type mice, but was less effective in HVEM-/- mice. CONCLUSION Activation of brain HVEM signaling is responsible for inflammation-induced anorexia and body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Kon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Sung Ho Jin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Natural Sciences, Ulsan, Korea
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Simonin Y, Vegna S, Akkari L, Grégoire D, Antoine E, Piette J, Floc'h N, Lassus P, Yu GY, Rosenberg AR, Karin M, Durantel D, Hibner U. Lymphotoxin signaling is initiated by the viral polymerase in HCV-linked tumorigenesis. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003234. [PMID: 23555249 PMCID: PMC3605200 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to hepatitis C virus (HCV) typically results in chronic infection that leads to progressive liver disease ranging from mild inflammation to severe fibrosis and cirrhosis as well as primary liver cancer. HCV triggers innate immune signaling within the infected hepatocyte, a first step in mounting of the adaptive response against HCV infection. Persistent inflammation is strongly associated with liver tumorigenesis. The goal of our work was to investigate the initiation of the inflammatory processes triggered by HCV viral proteins in their host cell and their possible link with HCV-related liver cancer. We report a dramatic upregulation of the lymphotoxin signaling pathway and more specifically of lymphotoxin-β in tumors of the FL-N/35 HCV-transgenic mice. Lymphotoxin expression is accompanied by activation of NF-κB, neosynthesis of chemokines and intra-tumoral recruitment of mononuclear cells. Spectacularly, IKKβ inactivation in FL-N/35 mice drastically reduces tumor incidence. Activation of lymphotoxin-β pathway can be reproduced in several cellular models, including the full length replicon and HCV-infected primary human hepatocytes. We have identified NS5B, the HCV RNA dependent RNA polymerase, as the viral protein responsible for this phenotype and shown that pharmacological inhibition of its activity alleviates activation of the pro-inflammatory pathway. These results open new perspectives in understanding the inflammatory mechanisms linked to HCV infection and tumorigenesis. Hepatitis C affects nearly 200 million people worldwide. It results from the failure of the immune system to control the hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and spread, leading to progressive liver disease that can culminate in fibrosis, cirrhosis and cancer. The inflammatory cells that infiltrate the diseased liver functionally contribute to fibrotic disease and cancer development by the release of potent soluble mediators that regulate cell survival and proliferation, angiogenesis, tissue remodelling, metabolism and genomic integrity. The goal of our work was to study the mechanisms of the initiation of the inflammatory process linked to HCV infection. We have shown that the presence of a single viral protein, namely NS5B, the RNA dependent RNA polymerase, promotes pro-inflammatory signaling. Moreover, inhibition of this pathway in HCV transgenic mice fully protects the animals from HCV-linked liver cancer. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms linked to HCV infection and thereby to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Simonin
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université Montpellier 1, 5 Bd Henry IV, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (YS); (UH)
| | - Serena Vegna
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université Montpellier 1, 5 Bd Henry IV, Montpellier, France
| | - Leila Akkari
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université Montpellier 1, 5 Bd Henry IV, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Grégoire
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université Montpellier 1, 5 Bd Henry IV, Montpellier, France
| | - Etienne Antoine
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université Montpellier 1, 5 Bd Henry IV, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Piette
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université Montpellier 1, 5 Bd Henry IV, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Floc'h
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université Montpellier 1, 5 Bd Henry IV, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Lassus
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université Montpellier 1, 5 Bd Henry IV, Montpellier, France
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | | | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - David Durantel
- INSERM, U1052, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), University of Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Urszula Hibner
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Université de Montpellier 2, Place Eugène Bataillon, Université Montpellier 1, 5 Bd Henry IV, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (YS); (UH)
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