1
|
Chen H, Pan L, Zhang C, Liu L, Tu B, Liu E, Huang Y. Gastroretentive Raft Forming System for Enhancing Therapeutic Effect of Drug-Loaded Hollow Mesoporous Silica on Gastric Ulcers. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400566. [PMID: 38767185 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Gastric ulcers are characterized by damage to the stomach lining and are often triggered by substances such as ethanol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Patchouli alcohol (PA) has demonstrated effectiveness in treating gastric ulcers through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the water insolubility of PA and rapid gastric emptying cause low drug concentration and poor absorption in the stomach, resulting in limited treatment efficacy of PA. This study develops an oral gastroretentive raft forming system (GRFDDS) containing the aminated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NH2-HMSN) for PA delivery. The application of NH2-HMSN can enhance PA-loading capacity and water dispersibility, promoting bio-adhesion to the gastric mucosa and sustained drug release. The incorporation of PA-loaded NH2-HMSN (NH2-HMSN-PA) into GRFDDS can facilitate gastric drug retention and achieve long action, thereby improving therapeutic effects. The results reveal that NH2-HMSN-PA protects the gastric mucosa damage by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. The GRFDDS, optimized through orthogonal design, demonstrates the gastric retention capacity and sustained drug release, exhibiting significant therapy efficacy in an ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcers model and an aspirin-induced chronic gastric ulcers model through antioxidation, anti-pyroptosis, and anti-inflammation. This study provides a potential strategy for enhancing druggability of insoluble natural compounds and therapeutic management of gastric ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huayuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Li Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Chengyu Zhang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510450, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Bin Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ergang Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, China
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510450, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Shanghai, 201203, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed T, Tahir MF, Boden L, Kingston T. Future directions for One Health research: Regional and sectoral gaps. One Health 2023; 17:100584. [PMID: 38024280 PMCID: PMC10665172 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementation of a One Health approach varies considerably between different geographical regions and remains challenging to implement without greater inclusivity of different disciplinary capacity and expertise. We performed comparative analyses of abstracts presented at the 1st World One Health Congress (WOHC 2011) and 6th WOHC (2020) to explore and describe the evolving demographics and disciplinary scope of One Health research. We classified abstracts into six One Health research categories and twenty-three subcategories. We also recorded corresponding authors' country and regional affiliation as well as study country (i.e., the country in which the research was conducted) to explore potential asymmetries between funding recipients and study subjects. The WOHC has seen a significant expansion in participation over the last 10 years. The numbers of abstracts accepted to the Congress increased threefold over the last decade (i.e., 302 abstracts in 2010, and 932 abstracts in 2020). At both Congresses, "Disease Surveillance" accounted for the largest proportion (105/302 (35%) and 335/932 (36%) in 2010 and 2020, respectively) of all abstracts accepted. However, "Environmental and Ecological Issues" (33/302 (10%) and 94/932 (11%)), and "Sustainable Food Systems" (19/302 (6%) and 44/932 (4%)) were less well-represented categories of One Health research in both 1st and 6th WOHC respectively. In contrast, "Antimicrobial Resistance" related research increased substantially over time (4/302 (1%) in 2011) and (119/932 (13%) in 2020). There were also differences in the type of research by authors based in "Very High Human Development" index countries compared to "Medium and Low Human Development. "Public Policy" dominated the former, whereas "Disease Surveillance" dominated the latter, suggesting potential regional differences regarding One Health research priorities. The results of the study highlight potential regional gaps and differences in One Health research priorities, with respect to emphasis on operational (surveillance) versus strategic (policy) One Health activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Ahmed
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
- Bat Conservation Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Muhammad Farooq Tahir
- Bat Conservation Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nation, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Integral Global, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lisa Boden
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tigga Kingston
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alzamil Y, Almeshari M, Alyahyawi A, Abanomy A, Al-Thomali AW, Alshomar B, Althomali OW, Barnawi H, Bazaid AS, Bin Sheeha B. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the Saudi population toward COVID-19 vaccination: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35360. [PMID: 37832045 PMCID: PMC10578756 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is the most effective protective measure to control the spread of infections and provide protection against hospitalization and mortality during the pandemic. There was a necessity to measure public knowledge and acceptance for COVID-19 vaccines in different countries. Thus, the current study is aimed at evaluating the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the population in all regions of Saudi towards COVID-19 vaccination. This was a cross-sectional, online self-reported survey of Saudi residents that was conducted between March 2021 and April 2021. To be eligible for the study, participants had to be above 18 years old. All participants were adult, Arabic speakers and residents of Saudi Arabia. In total, 1658 adults participated in this study and showed high knowledge (81.8%), attitude (71.2%), and practice (59.3%). The level of knowledge, attitude, and practice differed based on different demographic characteristics. Regression analysis showed that having a low income, low education level, and middle-aged status, living in a village, and being married were associated with lower scores in knowledge, attitude, or practice. Targeted education and campaigns should be provided for these populations to increase their knowledge, attitude, and practice towards COVID-19 vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Alzamil
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’IL, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari Almeshari
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’IL, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Alyahyawi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’IL, Saudi Arabia
- Centre for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Ahmad Abanomy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma W. Al-Thomali
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alshomar
- Department of Health Informatics, College Public Health and Health Informatics, University of Ha’il, Ha’IL, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar W. Althomali
- Department of Physiotherapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’IL, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Barnawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’IL, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman S. Bazaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’IL, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bodor Bin Sheeha
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Strona G, Bradshaw CJA, Cardoso P, Gotelli NJ, Guillaume F, Manca F, Mustonen V, Zaman L. Time-travelling pathogens and their risk to ecological communities. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011268. [PMID: 37498846 PMCID: PMC10374110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Permafrost thawing and the potential 'lab leak' of ancient microorganisms generate risks of biological invasions for today's ecological communities, including threats to human health via exposure to emergent pathogens. Whether and how such 'time-travelling' invaders could establish in modern communities is unclear, and existing data are too scarce to test hypotheses. To quantify the risks of time-travelling invasions, we isolated digital virus-like pathogens from the past records of coevolved artificial life communities and studied their simulated invasion into future states of the community. We then investigated how invasions affected diversity of the free-living bacteria-like organisms (i.e., hosts) in recipient communities compared to controls where no invasion occurred (and control invasions of contemporary pathogens). Invading pathogens could often survive and continue evolving, and in a few cases (3.1%) became exceptionally dominant in the invaded community. Even so, invaders often had negligible effects on the invaded community composition; however, in a few, highly unpredictable cases (1.1%), invaders precipitated either substantial losses (up to -32%) or gains (up to +12%) in the total richness of free-living species compared to controls. Given the sheer abundance of ancient microorganisms regularly released into modern communities, such a low probability of outbreak events still presents substantial risks. Our findings therefore suggest that unpredictable threats so far confined to science fiction and conjecture could in fact be powerful drivers of ecological change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Strona
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate D-Sustainable Resources, Ispra, Italy
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Corey J A Bradshaw
- Global Ecology | Partuyarta Ngadluku Wardli Kuu, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Pedro Cardoso
- Laboratory for Integrative Biodiversity Research-LIBRe, Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicholas J Gotelli
- Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Frédéric Guillaume
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Federica Manca
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ville Mustonen
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Zaman
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR. Emerging and Re-Emerging Viral Infections: An Indian Perspective. Cureus 2022; 14:e30062. [PMID: 36381846 PMCID: PMC9637451 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging and re-emerging viral infections pose a constant threat, especially in healthcare settings. Viral infections can be thought of as an ecological system, like a forest or a pond, with different species competing for resources. Pandemics tend to occur when there is a disruption to this ecosystem, such as introducing a strain of virus into humans or animals that they have no immunity against. Around 60% of human infectious diseases and 75% of emerging infections are zoonotic, with two-thirds originating in wildlife. There is an ongoing risk of viral diseases as the human population continues to grow and the rate of urbanization increases. The emergence and re-emergence of viral diseases are influenced by a variety of virologic and environmental factors. These factors can be roughly categorized as affecting humans, the environment and/or ecology, and viruses. The spread of zoonotic diseases among humans can be prevented by reducing the transmission risk associated with wildlife and exotic pets through education, legislation, and behavioral change programs that target individuals at risk for exposure.
Collapse
|
6
|
Skurnik M. Can Bacteriophages Replace Antibiotics? Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:575. [PMID: 35625219 PMCID: PMC9137811 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing antibiotic resistance numbers force both scientists and politicians to tackle the problem, and preferably without any delay. The application of bacteriophages as precision therapy to treat bacterial infections, phage therapy, has received increasing attention during the last two decades. While it looks like phage therapy is here to stay, there is still a lot to do. Medicine regulatory authorities are working to deliver clear instructions to carry out phage therapy. Physicians need to get more practical experience on treatments with phages. In this opinion article I try to place phage therapy in the context of the health care system and state that the use phages for precision treatments will require a seamless chain of events from the patient to the phage therapy laboratory to allow for the immediate application of phages therapeutically. It is not likely that phages will replace antibiotics, however, they will be valuable in the treatment of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. Antibiotics will nevertheless remain the main treatment for a majority of infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Skurnik
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; ; Tel.: +358-50-3360981
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, HUSLAB, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gandy M. THE ZOONOTIC CITY: Urban Political Ecology and the Pandemic Imaginary. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF URBAN AND REGIONAL RESEARCH 2022; 46:202-219. [PMID: 35874453 PMCID: PMC9299822 DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the Covid-19 pandemic this article takes a longer view of the evolving relationship between urbanization and the range of zoonotic diseases that have spread from animals to humans. I suggest that the existing interpretation of epidemiological transitions remains overly Eurocentric and requires a more nuanced conception of global environmental history. Similarly, the conceptualization of urban space within these teleological schemas has relied on a narrow range of examples and has failed to fully engage with networked dimensions to urbanization. At an analytical level I consider the potential for extending the conceptual framework offered by urban political ecology to take greater account of the epidemiological dimensions to contemporary urbanization and its associated pandemic imaginary. I examine how contemporary health threats intersect with complex patterns of environmental change, including the destruction of biodiversity (and trade in live animals), the co-evolutionary dynamics of viruses and other pathogens, and wider dimensions to the global technosphere, including food production, infrastructure networks, and the shifting topographies of peri- or ex-urban contact zones.
Collapse
|
8
|
Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19): Features, Epidemiology, Mutational variations and Treatments Across India. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are a group of enveloped viruses with a longer, undivided single-stranded RNA genome, which cause diseases in a variety of animals and humans. In addition to infecting other economically important animals (such as pigs or chickens), six coronaviruses are known to infect human hosts, causing respiratory illness. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) are highly pathogenic animal coronaviruses that have produced local, regional, and worldwide outbreaks. It is suspected that the current pandemic, caused by a similar coronavirus (SARS-CoVID-19). A new variant of B.1.617 lineage that causes worry about many countries has been identified first in the UK but it makes the worst scenario in India. This includes mutants with immune prolapse E484K and N501Y mutations. Some new variants recently discovered in India like double & triple mutation due to some specific climatic and environmental conditions. Because it creates a viral exodermis and contacts human cells due to mutations in peplomer proteins. The other type of protein is spike protein, are required to bind to receptors in human cells mutations. It can improve the affinity for human receptors and increase the virus, they can cause immune prolapse and reinfection. Moreover, these viruses are capable of adapting and mutating to the new environment. Our immune system is unable to distinguish them from previous infections due to changes in the structure of proteins. The rapid transmission of the COVID-19 around the world causing a severe mortality rate depends on mutation on their spike protein.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gupta PC, Kar A, Sharma N, Singh PK, Goswami NK, Kumar S. Protective effect of standardised fruit extract of Garcinia cowa Roxb. ex Choisy against ethanol induced gastric mucosal lesions in Wistar rats. Ann Med 2021; 53:1696-1708. [PMID: 34555996 PMCID: PMC8475150 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2021.1981548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The fruit of Garcinia is a rich and valuable source of bioactive compounds and is traditionally used for treating wounds and ulcers. The present study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of chromatographically standardized fruit extract of Garcinia cowa (GCE) on ethanol-induced gastric lesions in rats and its possible mechanisms. METHODS The effect of GCE (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight) was evaluated by determining various gastric ulcer parameters like gastric wall mucus, non-protein sulfhydryls (NP-SH) content, microvascular permeability, endogenous antioxidant enzyme, and gastric histopathological study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of GCE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg exhibited significant (p < .01) dose-dependent inhibition of ulcer index by 18.94-44.02%, respectively. Pre-treatment of rats with GCE (400 mg/kg) significantly restored the depleted gastric wall mucus level by 34.09% and NP-SH content by 33.35% induced by ethanol administration. In addition, GCE (400 mg/kg) showed a significant decrease in microvascular permeability of Evans Blue by 47.43%, rationalizing its protective effect. Furthermore, a significant increase in oxidative enzyme levels with reduction in malondialdehyde level and elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was observed in the GCE treated group as compared to the ulcer control group. The histopathological assessment also confirmed the protective nature of GCE. HPTLC analysis showed the presence of 0.27%, 0.11% w/w gallic acid, and amentoflavone, respectively in GCE. The content of α-mangostin and xanthochymol in the G. cowa extract sample quantified by HPLC-PDA method was 0.72 and 8.46%, respectively. The results obtained indicate that the protective effect of GCE against gastric ulcers in rats through multiple actions confirmed by the reduction of oxidative stress and restoration of adhered gastric mucus, NP-SH content, and histological architecture.KEY MESSAGESEthanol is the most typical ulcerogenic agent and has been shown to extend the risk of ulcer in humans.Natural products are promising alternative medication for the development of new drugs to regulate gastrointestinal diseases.Garcinia cowa protects the gastric mucosa through multiple actions that include restoration of adhered gastric mucus and inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Chandra Gupta
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Ashish Kar
- Northeastern Regional Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Guwahati, India
| | - Nisha Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India
| | - Naba Kumar Goswami
- Northeastern Regional Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Guwahati, India
| | - Satyanshu Kumar
- ICAR-Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, Boriavi, Anand, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
In India, the ‘unlock’ period has allowed some domestic workers to return to work; this comes amidst government advisories of greater risk of contagion generally. Drawing on ethnographic work with women domestic workers in the city of Delhi, the article delineates how formalities of social distancing and mask-wearing have begun to inflect personalised labour relationships in ways that entrench existing hierarchies enabled by caste practices. This can be evidenced from a doubling of the idea of contagion – a culturally polluted person rendered even more pestilential because of contagion, but whose service/s are, nonetheless, needed to disinfect the space of the employer’s home. With no data set available for assessing whether caste has been a variable in the spread of the coronavirus pandemic, anthropology will have to take up the responsibility of demonstrating that the latter is indeed a social phenomenon.
Collapse
|
11
|
The Unlikely Saviour: Portugal's National Health System and the Initial Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 63:291-297. [PMID: 33288975 PMCID: PMC7710772 DOI: 10.1057/s41301-020-00268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
What is the impact of COVID-19 on Portugal’s Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS), the country’s national health service? The story, still unfolding, has all the elements of a recipe for disaster: one of the most elderly populations in the world; a weakened SNS, the result of a litany of policies and interventions by the ‘Troika’ (the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund); a health care delivery system focused on non-communicable diseases and long-term care; the growing public distrust in public services, compared to private, hotel-like health care facilities. We are aware that these are still the early days of the epidemic, yet it is safe to say that algorithmic scenarios of doom and gloom have so far been averted. In the past six months of the pandemic, the level of trust of the Portuguese population in the SNS and its health personnel has significantly improved, while the government has started to provide additional funding and to work for the expansion of the public system. At the very inception of the pandemic, private hospitals practically closed their doors to COVID-19 patients. Unexpectedly a new disease, COVID-19, by definition the foe of any health system, has granted the opportunity for a rare consensus amongst different key political and/or corporate actors in a long-called-for reform of the SNS. Social science and humanities, with their analytical tools and theoretical-conceptual frameworks, are mandatory in providing well-funded answers to such riddles and better grasping the reasons for the twist and turns.
Collapse
|
12
|
Parikh P, Diep L, Gupte J, Lakhanpaul M. COVID-19 challenges and WASH in informal settlements: Integrated action supported by the sustainable development goals. CITIES (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 107:102871. [PMID: 32921866 PMCID: PMC7476886 DOI: 10.1016/j.cities.2020.102871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
•COVID-19 has exposed service gaps in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in informal settlments in cities.•The vulnerability of informal settlements to COVID-19 is not accidental, but a result of the type of cities that were built.•The Sustainable Development Goals provide a framework for integrated actions in WASH benefitting other sectors.•Partnerships for interventions must consider scalar dynamics with different responses taken at different governance levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priti Parikh
- International Development Centre, Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Chadwick Building. London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Loan Diep
- International Development Centre, Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Chadwick Building. London WC1E6BT, UK
| | - Jaideep Gupte
- The Institute of Development Studies, Cities and Sustainable Infrastructure Portfolio, Global Challenges Research Fund, UK Research and Innovation, University of Sussex, Library Road, Brighton BN19RE, UK
| | - Monica Lakhanpaul
- Community Child Health, Population, Policy & Practice Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Whittington NHS Trust, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Halbwax M. Addressing the illegal wildlife trade in the European Union as a public health issue to draw decision makers attention. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2020; 251:108798. [PMID: 33071292 PMCID: PMC7550130 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The European Union is one of the most important markets for the trafficking of endangered species and a major transit point for illegal wildlife trade. The latter is not only one of the most important anthropogenic drivers of biodiversity loss, it also represents a growing risk for public health. Indeed, wildlife trade exposes humans to a plethora of severe emerging infectious diseases, some of which have contributed to the most dramatic global pandemics humankind has endured. Illegal wildlife trade is often considered as a problem of developing countries but it is first and foremost an international global business with a trade flow from developing to developed countries. The devastating effects of the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak should thus be an unassailable argument for European decision makers to change paradigm. Rather than deploying efforts and money to combat novel pathogens, mitigating the risk of spreading emerging infectious diseases should be addressed and be part of any sustainable socioeconomic development plan. Stricter control procedures at borders and policies should be enforced. Additionally, strengthening research in wildlife forensic science and developing a network of forensic laboratories should be the cornerstone of the European Union plan to tackle the illegal wildlife trade. Such proactive approach, that should further figure in the EU-Wildlife Action Plan, could produce a win-win situation: the curb of illegal wildlife trade would subsequently diminish the likelihood of importing new zoonotic diseases in the European Union.
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen B, Liu XY, Zhang HM, Zhang BJ, Wang YT. Psychological effect of comprehensive nursing intervention in elderly patients with perforated peptic ulcer: A protocol of systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22226. [PMID: 32991417 PMCID: PMC7523801 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to assess the psychological effect of comprehensive nursing intervention (CNI) in elderly patients with perforated peptic ulcer (PPU). METHODS This protocol will search all potential studies from inception to the present in electronic database sources (Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO, WANGFANG, CBM, and CNKI), and other sources (such as clinical trial registry, and conference proceedings). We will not apply limitations to language and publication status. Two independent authors will scan literature, extract data, and appraise study quality. A third author will be invited to solve any disagreements between 2 authors. We will utilize RevMan 5.3 software for statistical analysis. If necessary, we will also carry out subgroup group, sensitivity analysis, and reporting bias. RESULTS This protocol will summarize high quality evidence to evaluate the psychological effect of CNI in elderly patients with PPU. CONCLUSION The results of this study may provide evidence to determine whether CNI is effective or not on psychological effect in elderly patients with PPU. STUDY REGISTRATION INPLASY202080069.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Xiu-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Hong-Mei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University
| | - Bai-Jun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Mudanjiang Forestry Central Hospital
| | - Ying-Ting Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fortaleza CMCB. Evidence, rationality, and ignorance: Agnotological issues in COVID-19 science. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020; 53:e20200475. [PMID: 32965456 PMCID: PMC7508199 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0475-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Two decades ago, Robert Proctor coined the term agnotology to refer to the study of ignorance that stems from scientific research. Amid the coronavirus disease pandemic, the world is witnessing the greatest natural experiment ever, and countries have adopted different response strategies. An evaluation of the effectiveness of different policies will play a valuable role in preparing for future public health emergencies. However, controversial issues such as the timing and pathways of viral emergence, the effectiveness of social distancing and lockdown strategies, and the use of antimalarial drugs as therapy have still not been fully resolved. This serves as a fertile breeding ground for agnotological strategies, whereby scientific studies are deliberately or unintentionally designed to create distractions or draw conclusions that are not supported by research findings. Researchers, public health authorities, and healthcare workers should be equipped to identify such agnotological strategies, distinguish them from scientific fraud, and avoid drawing misleading inferences based on an irrational adherence to hypotheses and a lack of criticism of implausible results.
Collapse
|
16
|
Wolking D, Karmacharya D, Bista M, Shrestha R, Pandit P, Sharma A, Manandhar S, Shrestha B, Bajracharya S, Bhatta T, Dulal S, Rajbhandari R, Smith B, Mazet J, Goldstein T, Johnson C. Vulnerabilities for Exposure to Emerging Infectious Disease at Urban Settlements in Nepal. ECOHEALTH 2020; 17:345-358. [PMID: 33206274 PMCID: PMC7672689 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-020-01499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Nepal, rapid urbanization and rural-to-urban migration especially due to internal civil conflict have catalyzed the development of temporary settlements, often along rivers on undeveloped land. This study conducted surveillance for viruses in small mammals and assessed potential risks for virus transmission to people in urban settlements along rivers in Kathmandu, Nepal. We collected samples from 411 small mammals (100 rodents and 311 shrews) at four riverside settlement sites and detected six viruses from four virus families including Thottapalayam virus; a strain of murine coronavirus; two new paramyxoviruses; and two new rhabdoviruses. Additionally, we conducted surveys of 264 residents to characterize animal-human contact. Forty-eight percent of individuals reported contact with wildlife, primarily with rodents and shrews (91%). Our findings confirm that rodents and shrews should be considered a health threat for residents of temporary settlements, and that assessment of disease transmission risk coupled with targeted surveillance for emerging pathogens could lead to improved disease control and health security for urban populations. Additionally, interventions focused on disease prevention should consider the unique urban ecology and social dynamics in temporary settlements, along with the importance of community engagement for identifying solutions that address specific multi-dimensional challenges that life on the urban river margins presents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Wolking
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Dibesh Karmacharya
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Manisha Bista
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rima Shrestha
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Pranav Pandit
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sulochana Manandhar
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bishwo Shrestha
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Tarka Bhatta
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Santosh Dulal
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rajesh Rajbhandari
- Center for Molecular Dynamics Nepal (CMDN), Thapathali -11, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Brett Smith
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | - Jonna Mazet
- One Health Institute, University of California, Davis, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pandemics and the future of human-landscape interactions. ANTHROPOCENE 2020; 31:100256. [PMCID: PMC7451098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancene.2020.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Pandemics have accelerated in frequency in recent decades, with COVID-19 the latest to join the list. Emerging in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, the virus has spread quickly through the world, affecting billions of people through quarantine, and at the same time claiming more than 800,000 lives worldwide. While early reflections from the academic community have tended to target the microbiology, medicine, and animal science communities, this article articulates a viewpoint from a perspective of human interactions with Earth systems. We highlight the link between rising pandemics and accelerating global human impacts on Earth, thereby suggesting that pandemics may be an emerging element of the “Anthropocene.” Examples from Denver, Colorado, USA, show how policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic changed human-environment interactions and created anomalous landscapes at the local scale, in relation to the quality of air and patterns of acquiring and consuming food. In recognizing the significance of novel infectious diseases as part of understanding human-landscape interactions in the Anthropocene, as well as the multi-scale interconnectedness between environment and health, this viewpoint converges toward an urgent need for new paradigms for research and teaching. The program required extends well beyond the already broad interdisciplinary scholarship essential for addressing human-landscape interactions, by integrating the work of health scientists, disease specialists, immunologists, virologists, veterinarians, behavioral scientists, and health policy experts.
Collapse
|
18
|
Byard RW. A forensic evaluation of plague - a re-emerging infectious disease with biowarfare potential. MEDICINE, SCIENCE, AND THE LAW 2020; 60:200-205. [PMID: 32192402 DOI: 10.1177/0025802420908483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Plague is an acute infectious disease caused by the gram-negative cocco-bacillus Yersinia pestis. It has been responsible for 200 million deaths throughout history with three major pandemics. There are three forms: bubonic, septicaemic and pneumonic, each carrying a significant mortality rate. The usual transmission is from fleas carried by rodents. Recently, it has been listed as one of the reemerging infectious diseases globally, with a potential use in bioterrorism. At autopsy there may be lymphadenopathy, fulminant pneumonia or diffuse interstitial pneumonitis. However any organ may be affected with myocarditis, meningitis, pharyngitis and hepatic and splenic necrosis. The lethality of plague with the resurgence in numbers of cases, development of antibiotic resistance, recent occurrence in urban areas and the lack of a vaccine make it a disease not to be missed in the mortuary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger W Byard
- School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ahmed I, Elkablawy MA, El-Agamy DS, Bazarbay AA, Ahmed N. Carvedilol safeguards against aspirin-induced gastric damage in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1257-1267. [PMID: 32295429 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120918306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of carvedilol on aspirin-induced gastric damage. Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Control rats received the vehicle, while the aspirin group received aspirin (200 mg/kg) orally for 4 days. Rats of aspirin + carvedilol group were administered aspirin along with carvedilol (5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal) for 4 days. Animals were euthanized at the end of the treatment period, and gastric tissues were collected to perform histopathological and mechanistic studies. The results revealed that aspirin administration induced gastric ulcer as there were remarkable histopathological lesions in the form of marked necrosis, inflammation, hemorrhage, edema, and dysplastic changes. Lipid peroxidative markers such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and protein carbonyl were significantly elevated in the aspirin group. This was concurrent with a significant amelioration of antioxidants such as reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. Furthermore, aspirin increased the immunoexpression of cyclooxygenase (COX) 2 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB). Aspirin induced elevation in the inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β. Aspirin enhanced the immunoexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and increased the level of nitrite/nitrate in gastric tissue. On the other hand, carvedilol treatment reversed all these pathological changes. Carvedilol succeeded to enhance antioxidants in gastric tissue, attenuated lipid peroxidative parameters, and suppressed the release of inflammatory mediators. It attenuated the immunoexpression of COX-2, NF-κB, and iNOS. Collectively, carvedilol has a gastro-protective effect that could be attributed to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, which modulate NF-κB/COX-2/iNOS pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Nizam Institute of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - M A Elkablawy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - D S El-Agamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - A A Bazarbay
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ahmed OAA, Fahmy UA, Bakhaidar R, El-Moselhy MA, Okbazghi SZ, Ahmed ASF, Hammad ASA, Alhakamy NA. Omega-3 Self-Nanoemulsion Role in Gastroprotection against Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E140. [PMID: 32045979 PMCID: PMC7076357 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is an injury of the alimentary tract that leads to a mucosal defect reaching the submucosa. This study aimed to formulate and optimize omega-3 oil as a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to achieve oil dispersion in the nano-range in the stomach to augment omega-3 oil gastric ulcer protection efficacy. Three SNEDDS components were selected as the design factors: the concentrations of the oil omega-3 (X1, 10-30%), the surfactant tween 20 and Kolliphor mixture (X2, 20-40%), and the cosurfactant transcutol (X3, 40-60%). The mixture experimental design proposed twenty-three formulations with varying omega-3 SNEDDS formulation component percentages. The optimized omega-3 SNEDDS formula was investigated for gastric ulcer protective effects by evaluating the ulcer index and by the determination of gastric mucosa oxidative stress parameters. Results revealed that optimized omega-3-SNEDDS achieved significant improvement in the gastric ulcer index in comparison with pure omega-3 oil. Histopathological findings confirmed the protective effect of the formulated optimized omega-3 SNEDDS in comparison with omega-3 oil. These findings suggest that formulation of omega-3 in the form of a SNEDDS would be more effective in gastric ulcer protection than the administration of omega-3 as a crude oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Osama A. A. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (R.B.); (N.A.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Usama A. Fahmy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (R.B.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Rana Bakhaidar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (R.B.); (N.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. El-Moselhy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Ibn Sina National College, Jeddah 22413, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (A.-S.F.A.); (A.S.A.H.)
| | - Solomon Z. Okbazghi
- Global Analytical and Pharmaceutical Development, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, New Haven, CT 06510, USA;
| | - Al-Shaimaa F. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (A.-S.F.A.); (A.S.A.H.)
| | - Asmaa S. A. Hammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt; (A.-S.F.A.); (A.S.A.H.)
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (U.A.F.); (R.B.); (N.A.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kaur N, Tiwari P, Kapoor KS, Saini AK, Sharma V, Mobin SM. Metal–organic framework based antibiotic release and antimicrobial response: an overview. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
MOF and MOF based heterostructures for antibacterial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navpreet Kaur
- Discipline of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore
- India
| | - Pranav Tiwari
- Metallurgical Engineering and Material Science
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore-453552
- India
| | - Kshipra S. Kapoor
- Discipline of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore-453552
- India
| | | | - Vinay Sharma
- Discipline of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore
- India
| | - Shaikh M. Mobin
- Discipline of Biosciences and Bio-Medical Engineering
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore
- Indore
- India
- Metallurgical Engineering and Material Science
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Parida M, Dash PK, Shukla J. Advance detection technologies for select biothreat agents. HANDBOOK ON BIOLOGICAL WARFARE PREPAREDNESS 2020. [PMCID: PMC7153318 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-812026-2.00005-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This chapter provides a comprehensive update about various technological developments in the field of biothreat agent detection. We have attempted to provide the reader with all the basic information starting with the culture considered as gold standard of diagnosis, immunological assays like the immunochromatographic test (ICT) which includes the lateral flow rapid strip test, flow through spot test and molecular assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time RT-PCR, isothermal gene amplification assays, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, etc. One major highlight of the chapter includes bio-monitoring and aerosol generation technologies. We have also provided information about the sensor technologies nanomaterials biosensors, various analytical techniques besides various instrumental technologies like mass spectroscopy and Raman chemical imaging. The last part of the chapter is devoted to some newer technologies like biodetectors where we have given details about those that are currently commercially available.
Collapse
|
23
|
Herrick C. Geographic charisma and the potential energy of Ebola. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2019; 41:1488-1502. [PMID: 31155737 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The Ebola virus is unparalleled in its charismatic ability to ignite fear, anxiety and disgust at a scale grossly disproportionate to the number of lives it claims. As an archetypal 'Emerging Infectious Disease' (EID), this designation and the politics that have encircled it have provided Ebola with a conceptual space in which epidemiology and geography to splice together in the genesis and maintenance of its charismatic valence. Even before the West African outbreak of 2013-2016, Ebola was an 'exceptional' and 'master status' disease around which media attention mobilised to an unparalleled degree and effect. This paper argues that even if never directly conceptualised as such, Ebola is uniquely charismatic among EIDs and, more, this charisma can be understood geographically. To do so, the paper proceeds in three parts to explore how Ebola's geographic charisma emerges from: (i) it being fixed 'in place' as something innately African; (ii) fears about the virus moving 'out of place' and (iii) its 'potential energy' or the persistent unease generated by the uncertainty of when and where the virus's potential geographies will become actual.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Herrick
- Department of Geography, King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
We combine methodology from history and genetics to reconstruct the biosocial history of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). We show how evolutionary divergence in S. Typhi was driven by rising global antibiotic use and by the neglect of typhoid outside of high-income countries. Although high-income countries pioneered 1960s precautionary antibiotic regulations to prevent selection for multidrug resistance, new antibiotic classes, typhoid's cultural status as a supposedly ancient disease of "undeveloped" countries, limited international funding, and narrow biosecurity agendas helped fragment effective global collective action for typhoid control. Antibiotic-intensive compensation for weak water and healthcare systems subsequently fueled AMR selection in low- and middle-income countries but often remained invisible due to lacking surveillance capabilities. The recent rise of extensively drug-resistant typhoid bears the biosocial footprint of more than half a century of antibiotic-intensive international neglect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claas Kirchhelle
- Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine/Oxford Martin School, University of Oxford, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Zoe Anne Dyson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon Dougan
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhang C, Gao F, Gan S, He Y, Chen Z, Liu X, Fu C, Qu Y, Zhang J. Chemical characterization and gastroprotective effect of an isolated polysaccharide fraction from Bletilla striata against ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
26
|
Worthman CM. Shared and local pathways in suffering and resilience: Keeping the body in mind. Transcult Psychiatry 2019; 56:775-785. [PMID: 31347474 DOI: 10.1177/1363461519862700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
27
|
Cho M, Son HS. Prediction of cross-species infection propensities of viruses with receptor similarity. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 73:71-80. [PMID: 31026604 PMCID: PMC7106226 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies of host factors that affect susceptibility to viral infections have led to the possibility of determining the risk of emerging infections in potential host organisms. In this study, we constructed a computational framework to estimate the probability of virus transmission between potential hosts based on the hypothesis that the major barrier to virus infection is differences in cell-receptor sequences among species. Information regarding host susceptibility to virus infection was collected to classify the cross-species infection propensity between hosts. Evolutionary divergence matrices and a sequence similarity scoring program were used to determine the distance and similarity of receptor sequences. The discriminant analysis was validated with cross-validation methods. The results showed that the primary structure of the receptor protein influences host susceptibility to cross-species viral infections. Pair-wise distance, relative distance, and sequence similarity showed the best accuracy in identifying the susceptible group. Based on the results of the discriminant analysis, we constructed ViCIPR (http://lcbb3.snu.ac.kr/ViCIPR/home.jsp), a server-based tool to enable users to easily extract the cross-species infection propensities of specific viruses using a simple two-step procedure. Our sequence-based approach suggests that it may be possible to identify virus transmission between hosts without requiring complex structural analysis. Due to a lack of available data, this method is limited to viruses whose receptor use has been determined. However, the significant accuracy of predictive variables that positively and negatively influence virus transmission suggests that this approach could be improved with further analysis of receptor sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myeongji Cho
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National Uniersity, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Son
- Laboratory of Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Institute of Health and Environment, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National Uniersity, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Dan-Nwafor CC, Ogbonna U, Onyiah P, Gidado S, Adebobola B, Nguku P, Nsubuga P. A cholera outbreak in a rural north central Nigerian community: an unmatched case-control study. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:112. [PMID: 30683078 PMCID: PMC6347749 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6299-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cholera remains a disease of public health importance in Nigeria associated with high morbidity and mortality. In November 2014, the Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme (NFELTP) was notified of an increase in suspected cholera cases in Gomani, Kwali Local Government Area. NFELTP residents were deployed to investigate the outbreak with the objectives of verifying the diagnosis, identifying risk factors and instituting appropriate control measures to control the outbreak. Methods We conducted an unmatched case-control study. We defined a cholera case as any person aged ≥5 years with acute watery diarrhea in Gomani community. We identified community controls. A total of 43 cases and 68 controls were recruited. Structured questionnaires were administered to both cases and controls. Four stool samples from case-patients and two water samples from the community water source were collected for laboratory investigation. We performed univariate and bivariate analysis using Epi-Info version 7.1.3.10. Results The mean age of cases and controls was 20.3 years and 25.4 respectively (p value 0.09). Females constituted 58.1% (cases) and 51.5%(controls). The attack rate was 4.3% with a case fatality rate of 13%. Four stool (100%) specimen tested positive for Vibrio cholerae. The water source and environment were polluted by indiscriminate defecation. Compared to controls, cases were more likely to have drank from Zamani river (OR 14.2, 95% CI: 5.5–36.8) and living in households(HH) with more than 5 persons/HH (OR 5.9, 95% CI: 1.3–27.2). Good hand hygiene was found to be protective (OR 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7). Conclusion Vibrio cholerae was the cause of the outbreak in Gomani. Drinking water from Zamani river, living in overcrowded HH and poor hand hygiene were significantly associated with the outbreak. We initiated hand hygiene and water treatment to control the outbreak. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-6299-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Uzoma Ogbonna
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Pamela Onyiah
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Saheed Gidado
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.,African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bashorun Adebobola
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.,African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Patrick Nguku
- Nigeria Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Programme, Abuja, Nigeria.,African Field Epidemiology Network, Kampala, Uganda
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Balogun ME, Besong EE, Obimma JN, Mbamalu OS, Djobissie FSA. Protective roles of Vigna subterranea (Bambara nut) in rats with aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 16:342-349. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
30
|
Sharifi-Rad M, Fokou PVT, Sharopov F, Martorell M, Ademiluyi AO, Rajkovic J, Salehi B, Martins N, Iriti M, Sharifi-Rad J. Antiulcer Agents: From Plant Extracts to Phytochemicals in Healing Promotion. Molecules 2018; 23:E1751. [PMID: 30018251 PMCID: PMC6100067 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this narrative review, we have comprehensively reviewed the plant sources used as antiulcer agents. From traditional uses as herbal remedies, we have moved on to preclinical evidence, critically discussing the in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on plant extracts and even isolated phytochemicals with antiulcerogenic potential. A particular emphasis was also paid to Helicobacter pylori activity, with emphasis on involved mechanisms of action. Lastly, the issue of safety profile of these plant products has also been addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663335, Iran.
| | | | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Nutrition and Dietetics Department, School of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción 4070386, VIII⁻Bio Bio Region, Chile.
| | - Adedayo Oluwaseun Ademiluyi
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340001, Nigeria.
| | - Jovana Rajkovic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, Belgrade 11129, Serbia.
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 88777539, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 22439789, Iran.
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto 4200-319, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto⁻Portugal, Porto 4200-135, Portugal.
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, Milan 20133, Italy.
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Liu Y, Zhou RM, Zhang YL, Wang DQ, Li SH, Yang CY, Qian D, Zhao YL, Zhang HW, Xu BL. Analysis of polymorphisms in the circumsporozoite protein gene of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Henan Province, China. Malar J 2018; 17:103. [PMID: 29506527 PMCID: PMC5838951 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2237-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax malaria has historically been a major source of disease in Henan, China. In the 1970s, the morbidity of malaria was highest in the country. With support from the government and the efforts of healthcare personnel, the reported malaria cases have declined dramatically and a national elimination programme was launched in 2010. To achieve the goal, it is essential to study the diversity of autochthonous malaria and transmission of Plasmodium parasites, which will provide baseline data for disease control and management. METHODS Thirty-two P. vivax isolates from Henan province were collected from 2008 to 2011, and circumsporozoite protein (csp) genes were analysed to estimate the genetic diversity of this parasite. RESULTS The assessment of csp sequences indicated that all the isolates were the VK210 type, however, none of them was identical to the VK210 strain. The sequences displayed variations in the central region, and eight sub-types were observed. Among the sub-types, HN7 was the most prevalent (37.5%), followed by HN3 (34.4%). A total of 653 repeat units were discovered in 32 Henan isolates. Nucleotide sequences were grouped in 13 unique repeat nucleotide sequence allotypes that coded for 7 different repeated amino acid allotypes. B (GNGAGGQAA) and D (GDRAAGQPA) were more frequent based on the results; they represented 53.9% (352/653) of the total. In comparison to the basic repeat units of VK210, more than 75% of the central repeat units had at least one non-synonymous nucleotide change. CONCLUSIONS Recent P. vivax populations in Henan province showed some degree of genetic diversity in csp, with 8 sub-types among 32 samples. Meantime, the results also suggested its relative conserved parasite populations. This could provide interesting baseline data that allow identifying whether potential new cases differ from the parasites already circulating in the area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Rui-min Zhou
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Ya-lan Zhang
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Duo-quan Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-hua Li
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Cheng-yun Yang
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Dan Qian
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yu-ling Zhao
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Hong-wei Zhang
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Bian-li Xu
- Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Otarigho B, Falade MO. Identification and characterization of sodium and chloride-dependent gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporters from eukaryotic pathogens as a potential drug target. Bioinformation 2018; 14:21-30. [PMID: 29497256 PMCID: PMC5818639 DOI: 10.6026/97320630014021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We explored 285 completed eukaryotic pathogen genomes for GABA transporter proteins as effective chemotherapy targets. We identified 8 GABA proteins that spread across 4 phyla with 5 different pathogen species; Eimeria mitis Houghton, Neospora caninum Liverpool, S. mansoni, S. haematobium and Trichinella spiralis. Sub-cellular localization prediction revealed that these proteins are integral membrane and are mostly insoluble. It is found that about 81% of these proteins are non-crystallizable and 15% are crystallizable. Transmembrane helices predictions show that the GABA transporters have 10, 11, 12 and 14 TMHs with 15, 23, 31 and 11%, respectively. It is further observed that most of these GABA transporters are from several parasites`genomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benson Otarigho
- Department of Biological Science, Edo University, Iyamho, Edo State
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Mofolusho O Falade
- Nigeria Cellular Parasitology Programme, Cell Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Gradmann C. From lighthouse to hothouse: hospital hygiene, antibiotics and the evolution of infectious disease, 1950-1990. HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY OF THE LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 40:8. [PMID: 29181597 DOI: 10.1007/s40656-017-0176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Upon entering clinical medicine in the 1940s, antibiotic therapy seemed to complete a transformation of hospitals that originated in the late nineteenth century. Former death sinks had become harbingers of therapeutic progress. Yet this triumph was short-lived. The arrival of pathologies caused by resistant bacteria, and of nosocomial infections whose spread was helped by antibiotic therapies, seemed to be intimately related to modern anti-infective therapy. The place where such problems culminated were hospitals, which increasingly appeared as dangerous environments where attempts to combat infectious diseases had instead created hothouses of disease evolution. This paper will focus on one aspect of that history. It caused clinical medicine and hospital hygiene in particular to pay attention to a dimension of infectious disease it had previously paid little attention to thus far: The evolution of infectious disease-previously a matter of mostly theoretical interest-came to be useful in explaining many phenomena observed. This did not turn hospital hygienists into geneticists, though it did give them an awareness that the evolution of infectious disease in a broad sense was something that did matter to them. The paper advances its argument by looking at three phases: The growing awareness of the hospital as a dangerous environment in the 1950s, comprehensive attempts at improving antibiotic therapy and hospital hygiene that followed from the 1960s and lastly the framing of such challenges as risk factors from the 1970s. In conclusion, I will argue that hospital hygiene, being inspired in particular by epidemiology and risk factor analysis, discussed its own specific version of disease emergence and therefore contributed to the 1980s debates around such topics. Being loosely connected to more specialized studies, it consisted of a re-interpretation of infectious disease centred around the temporality of such phenomena as they were encountered in day-to-day dealings of clinical wards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Gradmann
- Section for Medical Anthropology and History, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Albaqawi ASB, El-Fetoh NMA, Alanazi RFA, Alanazi NSF, Alrayya SE, Alanazi ANM, Alenezi SZT, Alanazi RAA, Alshalan AM, Alenezi OT, Ali WMB. Profile of peptic ulcer disease and its risk factors in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia. Electron Physician 2017; 9:5740-5745. [PMID: 29403613 PMCID: PMC5783122 DOI: 10.19082/5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peptic ulcer disease is a multifactorial health problem, and its prevalence and risk factors have changed considerably within the past century. Objective To determine the prevalence of peptic ulcer among the population of Arar city and to identify risk factors for peptic ulcer and to estimate their relative impact on ulcer incidence. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on the population of Arar city, Northern Saudi Arabia from November 01, 2016 to April 30, 2017. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 16, using descriptive statistics, prevalence, and Chi-square test. Results Total prevalence of peptic ulcer among the studied respondents was thus: 21.9% had peptic ulcer; 16.2% gastric ulcer and 5.6% duodenal ulcer. In 19.7% of the cases, the pain was severe, 92.4% reported that pain was precipitated by certain food. In addition to heartburn, 78.8% reported loss of appetite, 71.2% indigestion, 66.7% regurgitation, 59.1% nausea and vomiting and 42.4% with chest pain. Regarding the risk factors, coffee drinking came in first place (81.8%) followed by physical stress in 77.3%, spicy food in 57.6%, prolonged use of Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in 33.3% and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in 24.2%. A further 22.7% reported melena as a complication while only 10.6% reported hematemesis. Conclusion This is the first population-based study in Arar, Northern Saudi Arabia reporting point prevalence of peptic ulcer disease. The rate of 16.2% for gastric ulcer and 5.6% for duodenal ulcers are substantially high. Coffee drinking, physical stress, spicy food, prolonged use of NSAID and H. pylori infection were the reported risk factors. Population-based endoscopic studies are recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nagah Mohamed Abo El-Fetoh
- Associate Prof. of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Sara Emad Alrayya
- Intern, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Adefisayo MA, Akomolafe RO, Akinsomisoye SO, Alabi QK, Ogundipe OL, Omole JG, Olamilosoye KP. Gastro-protective effect of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina (del.) leaf on aspirin-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. Toxicol Rep 2017; 4:625-633. [PMID: 29657922 PMCID: PMC5897319 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaf (MEVA) on aspirin induced gastric ulcer in rats. Thirty Wistar rats, 150-200 g were divided into six groups as follows: Group 1 (control) rats received 2 mL/kg of propylene glycol for 28 consecutive days. Group 2 (Ulcer Control) received 150 mg/kg/day of aspirin suspended in 3 mL of 1% carboxymethylcellulose in water orally for 3 consecutive days during which the rats were fasted for the induction of ulcer. Group 3 received cimetidine at 100 mg/kg/day orally for 28 consecutive days and thereafter treated as group 2. Groups 4, 5 and 6 received MEVA orally at 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg/day respectively for 28 consecutive days and thereafter were treated with aspirin as group 2. All the animals were sacrifice at the end of the study to determine the gastric pH, gastric acidity, gastric ulcer score, haematological indices, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) and Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels. The result showed that aspirin significantly (p < 0.05) increased gastric ulcer score and index, decreased gastric pH, gastric acidity, SOD activity, GSH level as well as increased LPO level. It induced significant necrosis of the stomach tissue. Administration of MEVA significantly (p < 0.05) increased gastric pH, but decreased gastric acid secretion and reversed alteration of haematological parameters. It also significantly (p < 0.05) increased SOD activity, GSH level and decreased LPO level. The results suggest that Vernonia amygdalina possesses gastro-protective properties against aspirin-induced gastric ulcer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Modinat A. Adefisayo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Rufus O. Akomolafe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen O. Akinsomisoye
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Quadri K. Alabi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Olaofe L. Ogundipe
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Afe Babalola University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - Joseph G. Omole
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Kehinde P. Olamilosoye
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Singh V, Gohil N, Ramírez-García R. New insight into the control of peptic ulcer by targeting the histamine H 2 receptor. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:2003-2011. [PMID: 28817204 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is one of the major challenges in public health globally and new evidence shows that it can be controlled by targeting the histamine H2 receptor (H2 R). Recently, a number of H2 R antagonists have been synthesized and used to block the action of histamine on the parietal cells in the stomach and decrease the acid production. In this study, we modeled the H2 R by homology modeling using the 3-D crystal structure and this model was validated based on free energy and amino acid residues present in the allowed regions of a Ramachandran plot. We used this 3-D model for screening of highly potent drugs using molecular docking. We found cimetidine, cimetex, and famotidine as the most potent drugs based on the binding affinity of drug-protein interactions. We also generated a cellular network for H2 R that could be useful for better understanding of cellular mechanism and drug targets. These findings provide a new insight into the development of suitable, specific, and effective anti-ulcer drugs for a most effective treatment of ulcerous diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Synthetic Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Nisarg Gohil
- Department of Microbiology, Synthetic Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Robert Ramírez-García
- Department of Microbiology, Synthetic Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sanad MH, Talaat HM. Radiodiagnosis of peptic ulcer with technetium-99m-labeled esomeprazole. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362217040129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
38
|
Sanad MH, Challan SB. Radioiodination and biological evaluation of rabeprazole as a peptic ulcer localization radiotracer. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362217030158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
39
|
Tu PS, Tung YT, Lee WT, Yen GC. Protective Effect of Camellia Oil (Camellia oleifera Abel.) against Ethanol-Induced Acute Oxidative Injury of the Gastric Mucosa in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:4932-4941. [PMID: 28562049 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Camellia oil, a common edible oil in Taiwan and China, has health effects for the gastrointestinal tract in folk medicine, and it contains abundant unsaturated fatty acids and phytochemicals. However, the preventive effect of camellia oil on ethanol-induced gastric ulcers remains unclear. This study was aimed to evaluate the preventive effect of camellia oil on ethanol-induced gastric injury in vitro and in vivo as well as its mechanisms of action. In an in vitro study, our results showed that pretreatment of RGM-1 cells with camellia oil enhanced the migration ability as well as increased heat shock protein expression and reduced apoptotic protein expression. In animal experiments, mice pretreated with camellia oil effectively showed improved ethanol-induced acute injury of the gastric muscosa and oxidative damage through the enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and heat shock protein and PGE2 production, as well as the suppression of lipid peroxidation, apoptosis-related proteins, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and NO production. Histological injury score and hemorrhage score in ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage dramatically elevated from the control group (0.00 ± 0.0) to 3.40 ± 0.7 and 2.60 ± 0.5, respectively. However, treatments with camellia oil or olive oil (2 mL/kg bw) and lansoprazole (30 mg/kg bw) showed significant decreases in elevation of injury score and hemorrhage score (p < 0.05). Therefore, camellia oil has the potential to ameliorate ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal injury through the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pang-Shuo Tu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University , 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Gow-Chin Yen
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University , 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University , 145 Xingda Road, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abood S, Eichelbaum S, Mustafi S, Veisaga ML, López LA, Barbieri M. Biomedical Properties and Origins of Sesquiterpene Lactones, with a Focus on Dehydroleucodine. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dehydroleucodine, a sesquiterpene lactone, belongs to the terpenoid class of secondary metabolites. Dehydroleucodine and other Artemisia-derived phytochemicals evolved numerous biodefenses that were first co-opted for human pharmacological use by traditional cultures in the Middle East, Asia, Europe and the Americas. Later, these phytochemicals were modified through the use of medicinal chemical techniques to increase their potency. All sesquiterpene lactones contain an α-methylene-γ-lactone group, which confers thiol reactivity, which is responsible, in part, for their therapeutic effects. A wide range of therapeutic uses of sequiterpene lactones has been found, including anti-adipogenic, cytoprotective, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-malarial and, anti-migraine effects. Dehydroleucodine significantly inhibits differentiation of murine preadipocytes and also significantly decreases the accumulation of lipid content by a dramatic down regulation of adipogenic-specific transcriptional factors PPARγ and C-EBPα. Dehydroleucodine also inhibits secretion of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2), which is a known protease involved in migration and invasion of B16 cells. In addition to these anti-adipogenic and anti-cancer effects, dehydroleucodine effectively neutralizes several bacterial species, including Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Helicobacter pylori, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aueus (MRSA) and S. epidermis (MRSE). The compound also inhibits the growth and secretion of several toxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, possesses gastro-protective qualities and possesses anti-parasitic properties against Trypanosoma cruzi, responsible for Chagas disease. Other sesquiterpene lactones, such as parthenolide, costunolide, and helanin, also possess significant therapeutic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven Abood
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Steven Eichelbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Sushmita Mustafi
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Maria-Luisa Veisaga
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Luis A. López
- Laboratory of Cytoskeleton and Cell Cycle, Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Cuyo, 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Manuel Barbieri
- Department of Biological Sciences; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute; Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Road, Coral Gables, FL 33156, USA
- International Center of Tropical Botany, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
A Simulation Study on Hypothetical Ebola Virus Transmission in India Using Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM): A Way towards Precision Public Health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 2017:7602301. [PMID: 28348606 PMCID: PMC5350287 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7602301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background. Precision public health is a state-of-the-art concept in public health research and its application in health care. Application of information technology in field of epidemiology paves the way to its transformation to digital epidemiology. A geospatial epidemiological model was simulated to estimate the spread of Ebola virus disease after a hypothetical outbreak in India. Methods. It was a simulation study based on SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered) compartmental model. Simulation was done in Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM). Epidemiological profile of Ebola virus, that transmitted throughout the Sierra Leon in 2014–2016, was fitted into the SEIR deterministic compartment model designed for India. Result. Spatiotemporal distribution of EVD exposed, infectious, and recovered population at 4-month interval represented by different figures. It is estimated that if no intervention is taken to stop the spread, within 2 years, almost half of the country will be effected by EVD and cumulative number of exposed individuals, infectious persons, and deaths will be 106947760, 30651674, and 18391005, respectively. Conclusion. Precision public health may play the key role to achieve the health related targets in the Sustainable Development Goals. Policy makers, public health specialists, and data scientists need to put their hands together to make precision public health a reality.
Collapse
|
42
|
Formulation of floating metronidazole microspheres using cassava starch (Manihot esculenta) as polymer. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL INVESTIGATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40005-017-0319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
43
|
Polgreen PM, Polgreen EL. Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens and Diseases, and Health Consequences of a Changing Climate. Infect Dis (Lond) 2017. [PMCID: PMC7149782 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-6285-8.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
|
44
|
Lee S, Jeong S, Kim W, Kim D, Yang Y, Yoon JH, Kim BJ, Min DS, Jung Y. Rebamipide induces the gastric mucosal protective factor, cyclooxygenase-2, via activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:449-455. [PMID: 28011266 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rebamipide, an amino acid derivative of 2(1H)-quinolinone, has been used for mucosal protection, healing of gastroduodenal ulcers, and treatment of gastritis. Induction of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, a gastric mucosal protective factor, by rebamipide has been suggested as the major mechanism of the drug action. However, how rebamipide induces COX-2 at the molecular level needs further investigation. In this study, the molecular mechanism underlying the induction of COX-2 by rebamipide was investigated. In gastric carcinoma cells and macrophage cells, rebamipide induced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), leading to phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), a substrate of AMPK. The induction of COX-2 by rebamipide was dependent on AMPK activation because compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, abolished COX-2 induction by rebamipide. In a mouse ulcer model, rebamipide protected against hydrochloric acid/ethanol-induced gastric ulcer, and these protective effects were deterred by co-administration of compound C. In parallel, in the gastric tissues, rebamipide increased the phosphorylation AMPK, whereas compound C reduced the levels of COX-2 and phosphorylated ACC, which were increased by rebamipide. Taken together, the activation of AMPK by rebamipide may be a molecular mechanism that contributes to induction of COX-2, probably resulting in protection against gastric ulcers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongkeun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooseong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohoon Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Sik Min
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Samuel B, Volkmann T, Cornelius S, Mukhopadhay S, MejoJose, Mitra K, Kumar AMV, Oeltmann JE, Parija S, Prabhakaran AO, Moonan PK, Chadha VK. Relationship between Nutritional Support and Tuberculosis Treatment Outcomes in West Bengal, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 4:213-219. [PMID: 28042591 PMCID: PMC5201187 DOI: 10.4236/jtr.2016.44023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Poverty and poor nutrition are associated with the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Socioeconomic factors may interfere with anti-tuberculosis treatment compliance and its outcome. We examined whether providing nutritional support (monthly supply of rice and lentil beans) to TB patients who live below the poverty line was associated with TB treatment outcome. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of sputum smear-positive pulmonary TB patients living below the poverty line (income of <$1.25 per day) registered for anti-tuberculosis treatment in two rural districts of West Bengal, India during 2012 to 2013. We compared treatment outcomes among patients who received nutritional support with those who did not. A log-binomial regression model was used to assess the relation between nutritional support and unsuccessful treatment outcome (loss-to-follow-up, treatment failure and death). Results Of 173 TB patients provided nutritional support, 15 (9%) had unsuccessful treatment outcomes, while 84 (21%) of the 400 not provided nutrition support had unsuccessful treatment outcomes (p < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex and previous treatment, those who received nutritional support had a 50% reduced risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome than those who did not receive nutritional support (Relative Risk: 0.51; 95% Confidence Intervals: 0.30 - 0.86). Conclusion Under programmatic conditions, monthly rations of rice and lentils were associated with lower risk of unsuccessful treatment outcome among impoverished TB patients. Given the relatively small financial commitment needed per patient ($10 per patient per month), the national TB programme should consider scaling up nutritional support among TB patients living below the poverty line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tyson Volkmann
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
| | | | | | - MejoJose
- World Vision India, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Ajay M V Kumar
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, South-East Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Vineet K Chadha
- Epidemiology and Research Division, National Tuberculosis Institute, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Crawford R, Rutz DC, Evans DP. 'Between Combat boots and Birkenstocks'-Lessons from HIV/AIDS, SARS, H1N1 and Ebola. Public Health 2016; 141:186-191. [PMID: 27931998 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In late 2013, an Ebola outbreak quickly grew into an epidemic of extraordinary magnitude, killing more people than all previous Ebola outbreaks combined. Although the epidemic was unprecedented, the world had previously experienced several acute public health emergencies requiring global coordination. HIV/AIDS, SARS and H1N1 tested global response, and in each case coordination proved problematic, making the 2013-2015 Ebola epidemic no exception. The purpose of this project was to identify persistent vulnerabilities within global public health emergency response and to identify areas for future research and improvement. STUDY DESIGN Non-systematic review and qualitative interview study. METHODS Using PubMed and Google, a comprehensive search of articles connected to the HIV/AIDS, SARS, H1N1 and Ebola responses was conducted. Then, 21 key responders involved in those emergencies, primarily from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, participated in in-depth interviews. The content analysis and in-depth interview data were analysed using MAXQDA analysis software. RESULTS A number of issues emerged, including cultural and political clashes within relevant agencies and a lack of confidence in those agencies, policy barriers that hinder long-term international response, a shortage of personnel and resources, itemized funding streams that limit flexibility to direct resources, and challenges to deploying responders internationally. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that the world remains ill prepared to handle sustained responses and global pandemics. The study identified major vulnerabilities persistent within US-led global public health response and offers recommendations for further focused research to fully understand why these challenges persist.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Crawford
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D C Rutz
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - D P Evans
- Center for Humanitarian Emergencies, Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Ko SH, Baeg MK, Ko SY, Han KD. Women Who Sleep More Have Reduced Risk of Peptic Ulcer Disease; Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2009). Sci Rep 2016; 6:36925. [PMID: 27830741 PMCID: PMC5103261 DOI: 10.1038/srep36925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is integral to life and sleep duration is important in sleep quality, physical, and psychological health. Disturbances in sleep duration have been associated with increased risk of metabolic disorders, hypertension, and overall mortality. Sleep disturbance has also been linked with various gastrointestinal disorders. However, the association between sleep and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) has not been evaluated. We investigated the association between sleep duration and PUD. Subjects were included from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2008-2009. Individuals with PUD were defined as those with a physician diagnosis of PUD. Daily sleep duration was established by asking participants the amount of time that they slept per day. Multiple logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of PUD and sleep duration. This study included 14,290 participants (8,209 women). The prevalence of PUD was 5.7% and was higher in men (6.8%) than in women (4.9%). Women who slept ≥9 hours were significantly less likely to have PUD compared to women who slept 7 hours. In men, longer sleep duration (≥9 hours) had a tendency toward PUD prevention. Our results suggest that longer sleep duration may play a protective role for PUD development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hye Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myong Ki Baeg
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, South Korea.,Institute for Translational and Clinical Research, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Seung Yeon Ko
- Department of Surgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
There is an ongoing race between bacterial evolution and medical advances. Pathogens have the advantages of short generation times and horizontal gene transfer that enable rapid adaptation to new host environments and therapeutics that currently outpaces clinical research. Antibiotic resistance, the growing impact of nosocomial infections, cancer-causing bacteria, the risk of zoonosis, and the possibility of biowarfare all emphasize the increasingly urgent need for medical research focussed on bacterial pathogens. Bacterial glycoproteins are promising targets for alternative therapeutic intervention since they are often surface exposed, involved in host-pathogen interactions, required for virulence, and contain distinctive glycan structures. The potential exists to exploit these unique structures to improve clinical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies. Translation of the potential in this field to actual clinical impact is an exciting prospect for fighting infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Fulton
- a Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Jeffrey C Smith
- b Department of Chemistry and Institute of Biochemistry , Carleton University , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Susan M Twine
- a Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio , National Research Council Canada , Ottawa , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sanad MH, Ibrahim IT. Radiodiagnosis of peptic ulcer with technetium-99m labeled rabeprazole. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362215040165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
50
|
Leckebusch GC, Abdussalam AF. Climate and socioeconomic influences on interannual variability of cholera in Nigeria. Health Place 2015; 34:107-17. [PMID: 25997026 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cholera is one of the most important climate sensitive diseases in Nigeria that pose a threat to public health because of its fatality and endemic nature. This study aims to investigate the influences of meteorological and socioeconomic factors on the spatiotemporal variability of cholera morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Stepwise multiple regression and generalised additive models were fitted for individual states as well as for three groups of the states based on annual precipitation. Different meteorological variables were analysed, taking into account socioeconomic factors that are potentially enhancing vulnerability (e.g. absolute poverty, adult literacy, access to pipe borne water). Results quantify the influence of both climate and socioeconomic variables in explaining the spatial and temporal variability of the disease incidence and mortality. Regional importance of different factors is revealed, which will allow further insight into the disease dynamics. Additionally, cross validated models suggest a strong possibility of disease prediction, which will help authorities to put effective control measures in place which depend on prevention, and or efficient response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregor C Leckebusch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
| | - Auwal F Abdussalam
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|